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[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Sepsis is a potentially deadly disease that often is caused by gram-positive bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As there are few effective therapies for sepsis, increased basic knowledge about factors predisposing is needed.', 'The purpose of this study was to study the effect of Western diet on mortality induced by intravenous S. aureus inoculation and the immune functions before and after bacterial inoculation. Here we show that C57Bl/6 mice on high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, like genetically obese Ob/Ob mice on low-fat diet (LFD), have increased mortality during S. aureus-induced sepsis compared with LFD-fed C57Bl/6 controls. Bacterial load in the kidneys 5-7 days after inoculation was increased 10-fold in HFD-fed compared with LFD-fed mice. At that time, HFD-fed mice had increased serum levels and fat mRNA expression of the immune suppressing cytokines interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-10 compared with LFD-fed mice. In addition, HFD-fed mice had increased serum levels of the pro-inflammatory IL-1beta. Also, HFD-fed mice with and without infection had increased levels of macrophages in fat. The proportion and function of phagocytosing granulocytes, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peritoneal lavage cells were decreased in HFD-fed compared with LFD-fed mice.']\nQuestion: Do mice chronically fed high-fat diet have increased mortality and disturbed immune response in sepsis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['IL-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2) binds IL-13 with high affinity and modulates IL-13 responses. There are soluble and membrane forms of IL-13Rα2 generated by alternative splicing in mice, but human subjects express only the membrane form of IL-13Rα2 (memIL-13Rα2).', 'We determined the role of memIL-13Rα2 in the development of allergic inflammation in mouse models of asthma.', 'IL-13Rα2-deficient and memIL-13Rα2 lung epithelium-specific transgenic mice were challenged with house dust mite (HDM). Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation were assessed based on the airway pressure-time index, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts, and lung histology. Mucus production was determined by means of periodic acid-Schiff staining of lung sections, Western blot analysis of chloride channel calcium activated 3 (CLCA3) expression in lung homogenates, and ELISA of Muc5ac in BAL fluid. The expression of cytokines and chemokines was determined by using RT-quantitative PCR.', 'In IL-13Rα2-deficient mice AHR and airway inflammation were attenuated compared with levels seen in wild-type mice after HDM challenge. Lung epithelial overexpression of memIL-13Rα2 in the IL-13Rα2-deficient mice reconstituted AHR and inflammation to levels similar to those observed in HDM-challenged wild-type mice. Mucus production was attenuated in lungs from HDM-treated IL-13Rα2-deficient mice, whereas lung epithelial overexpression of memIL-13Rα2 increased mucus production. Lung epithelial overexpression of memIL-13Rα2 had no effect on levels of the soluble form of IL-13Rα2 in serum or BAL fluid and did not affect IL-13-dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 activation in the lungs.']\nQuestion: Does iL-13 receptor α2 contribute to development of experimental allergic asthma?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['GATA-3 is a transcription factor involved in human growth and development. Recent studies found its association with breast cancer, however, its expression profile in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been investigated.', 'The study included 35 patients submitted to radical nephrectomy with confirmed pathological diagnosis of RCC. Normal control kidney tissues were obtained from 25 living kidney donors and tissues were biopsied before implantation. The majority of RCC samples were diagnosed as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (94.3%) except for 1 case of papillary RCC and 1 case of collecting duct carcinoma. GATA-3 expression was evaluated by quantitative PCR and Western blotting (WB) in RCC samples and normal kidneys respectively, immunohistochemical staining was performed as well. Meanwhile, the GATA-3 expression in two cancer cell lines (786-O, ACHN) and normal kidney epithelial cells (HK-2) was detected by PCR and WB. In addition, renal cancer cells and HK-2 cells were cultivated and detected by confocal microscopy for the exact intra-cellular localization of GATA-3.', 'Data showed a significant down-regulation of GATA-3 expression present in neoplastic tissues compared with normal tissues; similarly, GATA-3 was significantly attenuated in all renal cancer cell lines compared with normal HK-2 cells. Confocal displayed a strong cytoplasmic immno-fluorescence activity of GATA-3 with peri-nuclear zone in HK-2, whereas the intensity in cancer cells was markedly weaker than that of HK-2.']\nQuestion: Is gATA-3 down-regulated in patients with clear cell renal carcinoma?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Engineered hypoallergens are currently being investigated for specific immunotherapy of allergic diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Naturally occurring hypoallergens have by and large not been considered as a source of vaccine candidates.', 'Evaluation of the antibody response in atopic individuals induced by birch pollen containing isoforms of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1.', 'Isoform-specific antibody isotype responses for Bet v 1.0101, Bet v 1.0401, and Bet v 1.1001 were determined for 35 sera of individuals with birch pollen allergy. Isoform structures were compared and related to IgE-binding inhibitory capacities and induction of mediator release in human Fcvarepsilon receptor transformed rat basophilic leukemia cells.', 'Bet v 1.0101 induced a predominant IgE response, whereas the significant highest levels of IgG(4) antibodies were directed against Bet v 1.0401. Bet v 1.1001 induced only a minimal antibody response. Structural comparisons revealed that most of the amino acid differences between the isoforms were located on the protein surfaces. IgE induced by Bet v 1.0101 only partly cross-reacted with the 2 other isoforms and bound to them with notably lower affinity. Bet v 1.0401 and Bet v 1.1001 also were poor inducers of mediator release.']\nQuestion: Do naturally occurring hypoallergenic Bet v 1 isoforms fail to induce IgE responses in individuals with birch pollen allergy?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To evaluate intrinsic hepatic enhancement patterns on multiphase, gadolinium-enhanced, fat-suppressed, 3D T1-weighted, gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a quantitative correlate for severity of pathological changes in chronic liver disease (CLD).', \"This study was HIPAA-compliant and Institutional Review Board-approved. In all, 75 patients were studied by contrast-enhanced multiphase abdominal MRI. CLD patients had liver histology correlation derived from right lobe liver biopsies. Contrast-enhanced arterial- and delayed-phase 3D gradient recalled echo (GRE) liver MRI were scored using feature categorization templates to quantify enhancement patterns by three independent readers. Liver histopathology was staged/graded for fibrosis/inflammation using the Scheuer system. Statistical testing for MRI histology correlates used a Pearson's product moment correlation and a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney two-sample rank-sum test. Reader agreement was analyzed by a modified Fleiss' kappa test.\", 'MRI histology correlation was high for delayed-phase MRI versus fibrosis stage (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.941 < r < 0.976, P = 5 × 10(-7)), but lower for all other comparisons (delayed-phase vs. inflammation and arterial-phase vs. inflammation or fibrosis all showed a CI no greater than 0.64). Paired testing between delayed-phase MRI score and histology fibrosis staging incremental levels was significant (from P < 10(-2) to P < 10(-5)).']\nQuestion: Do liver MRI and histological correlates in chronic liver disease on multiphase gadolinium-enhanced 3D gradient echo imaging?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We sought to investigate the effect of cardiac medication on long-term mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).', 'Peripheral arterial disease is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Treatment guidelines recommend aggressive management of risk factors and lifestyle modifications. However, the potential benefit of cardiac medication in patients with PAD remains ill defined.', 'In this prospective observational cohort study, 2,420 consecutive patients (age, 64 +/- 11 years, 72% men) with PAD (ankle-brachial index < or =0.90) were screened for clinical risk factors and cardiac medication. Follow-up end point was death from any cause. Propensity scores for statins, beta-blockers, aspirin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, nitrates, coumarins, and digoxin were calculated. Cox regression models were used to analyze the relation between cardiac medication and long-term mortality.', 'Medical history included diabetes mellitus in 436 patients (18%), hypercholesterolemia in 581 (24%), smoking in 837 (35%), hypertension in 1,162 (48%), coronary artery disease in 1,065 (44%), and a history of heart failure in 214 (9%). Mean ankle-brachial index was 0.58 (+/-0.18). During a median follow-up of eight years, 1,067 patients (44%) died. After adjustment for risk factors and propensity scores, statins (hazard ratio [HR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36 to 0.58), beta-blockers (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.80), aspirins (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.84), and ACE inhibitors (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.94) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of long-term mortality.']\nQuestion: Is cardioprotective medication associated with improved survival in patients with peripheral arterial disease?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We update our previous reports on the use of hypofractionated proton beam radiation therapy for early-stage lung cancer patients.', 'Eligible subjects had biopsy-proven non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and were medically inoperable or refused surgery. Clinical workup required staging of T1 or T2, N0, M0. Subjects received hypofractionated proton beam therapy to the primary tumor only. The dose delivered was sequentially escalated from 51 to 60 Gy, then to 70 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks. Endpoints included toxicity, pulmonary function, overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and local control (LC).', 'One hundred eleven subjects were analyzed for treatment outcomes. The patient population had the following average characteristics; age 73.2 years, tumor size 3.6 cm, and 1.33 L forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The entire group showed improved OS with increasing dose level (51, 60, and 70 Gy) with a 4-year OS of 18%, 32%, and 51%, respectively (P=.006). Peripheral T1 tumors exhibited LC of 96%, DSS of 88%, and OS of 60% at 4 years. Patients with T2 tumors showed a trend toward improved LC and survival with the 70-Gy dose level. On multivariate analysis, larger tumor size was strongly associated with increased local recurrence and decreased survival. Central versus peripheral location did not correlate with any outcome measures. Clinical radiation pneumonitis was not found to be a significant complication, and no patient required steroid therapy after treatment for radiation pneumonitis. Pulmonary function was well maintained 1 year after treatment.']\nQuestion: Is high-dose hypofractionated proton beam radiation therapy safe and effective for central and peripheral early-stage non-small cell lung cancer : results of a 12-year experience at Loma Linda University Medical Center?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a common complication in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The Mehran risk score was defined originally in elective PCI and may be predictive of CI-AKI. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the Zwolle score predicts CI-AKI in patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI.', 'We analyzed the data of 314 consecutive patients (mean age 56.3\\u2009±\\u200911.4 years) with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI. The study population was divided into two groups according to CI-AKI development. The Mehran score, Zwolle score, baseline characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes were recorded.', 'Patients with CI-AKI had higher Mehran and Zwolle scores. In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, high area under the curve (AUC) values were determined for Zwolle and Mehran scores (0.85 and 0.79, respectively) for CI-AKI development. A Zwolle score greater than \\u20092 predicted CI-AKI with a sensitivity of 76.3\\u2009% and a specificity of 75.4\\u2009%. A Mehran score greater than 5 predicted CI-AKI with a sensitivity of 71.1\\u2009% and a specificity of 73.6\\u2009%.']\nQuestion: Does zwolle risk score predict contrast-induced acute kidney injury in STEMI patients undergoing PCI?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The Nucleus auditory brain stem implant (ABI) has been used in the hearing rehabilitation of totally deaf individuals for whom a cochlear implant is not an option such as in the case of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Intraoperative electrically evoked auditory brain stem responses (EABRs) are recorded to assist in the placement of the electrode array over the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei in the lateral recess of the IVth ventricle of the brain stem. This study had four objectives: (1) to characterize EABRs evoked by stimulation with an ABI in adolescents and adults with NF2, (2) to evaluate how the EABR morphology relates to auditory sensations elicited from stimulation by an ABI, (3) to establish whether there is evidence of morphology changes in the EABR with site of stimulation by the ABI, and (4) to investigate how the threshold of the EABR relates to behavioral threshold and comfortably loud sensations measured at initial device activation.', 'Intraoperative EABRs were recorded from 34 subjects with ABIs: 19 male and 15 female, mean age 27 yrs (range 12 to 52 yrs). ABI stimulation was applied at seven different sites using either wide bipolar stimulation across the array or in subsections of the array from medial to lateral and inferior to superior. The EABRs were analyzed with respect to morphology, peak latency, and changes in these characteristics with the site of stimulation. In a subset of eight subjects, additional narrow bipolar sites were stimulated to compare the intraoperative EABR threshold levels with the behavioral threshold (T) and comfortably loud (C) levels of stimulation required at initial device activation.', 'EABRs were elicited from 91% of subjects. Morphology varied from one to four vertex-positive peaks with mean latencies of 0.76, 1.53, 2.51, and 3.64 msecs, respectively. The presence of an EABR from stimulation by electrodes across the whole array had a high predictive value for the presence of auditory electrodes at initial device activation. When examining subsections of the array, the absence of an EABR was a poor predictor for the absence of auditory electrodes. The morphology of the EABRs varied with site of stimulation in 16 cases, but there was no consistent pattern of change with stimulation site. There was a trend for more auditory electrodes to be present in stimulation sites that evoked EABRs with a higher number of peaks in the waveform. The EABR threshold was closer to the behavioral C level than the T level, but there was no overall correlation between the intraoperative EABR threshold level and the behavioral T and C levels.']\nQuestion: Do brain stem responses evoked by stimulation of the mature cochlear nucleus with an auditory brain stem implant?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['This study was performed to determine whether the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) influences the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) from degradation of isoflurane in dry soda lime. Isoflurane (0. 5%), CO(2) (5%), a combination of the two in oxygen, and pure oxygen were separately passed through samples of 600 g of completely dried soda lime (duration of exposure, 60 min; flow rate, 5 L/min). Downstream of the soda lime, we measured concentrations of CO, isoflurane, and CO(2) as well as the gas temperature. CO(2) increased the peaks of CO concentration (842 +/- 81 vs 738 +/- 28 ppm) and shortened the rise time of CO to maximum values (12 +/- 2 vs 19 +/- 4 min). However, CO(2) inhibited total CO formation (99 +/- 10 vs 145 +/- 6 mL). At the same time, CO(2) absorption by the soda lime decreased in the presence of CO formation (from 21.4 +/- 0. 8 to 19.4 +/- 0.9 g). The temperature of the gases increased during the passage of both isoflurane and CO(2) (to 32.6 +/- 2.0 degrees C and 39.4 +/- 4.0 degrees C, respectively), but the largest increase (to 41.5 +/- 2.1 degrees C) was recorded when isoflurane and CO(2) simultaneously passed through the dry soda lime. We assume that the simultaneous reduction in CO formation and CO(2) absorption is caused by the competition for the alkali hydroxides present in most of soda lime brands.']\nQuestion: Does absorption of carbon dioxide by dry soda lime decrease carbon monoxide formation from isoflurane degradation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The human cell cycle transcription factor FOXM1 is known to play a key role in regulating timely mitotic progression and accurate chromosomal segregation during cell division. Deregulation of FOXM1 has been linked to a majority of human cancers. We previously showed that FOXM1 was upregulated in basal cell carcinoma and recently reported that upregulation of FOXM1 precedes malignancy in a number of solid human cancer types including oral, oesophagus, lung, breast, kidney, bladder and uterus. This indicates that upregulation of FOXM1 may be an early molecular signal required for aberrant cell cycle and cancer initiation.', 'The present study investigated the putative early mechanism of UVB and FOXM1 in skin cancer initiation. We have demonstrated that UVB dose-dependently increased FOXM1 protein levels through protein stabilisation and accumulation rather than de novo mRNA expression in human epidermal keratinocytes. FOXM1 upregulation in primary human keratinocytes triggered pro-apoptotic/DNA-damage checkpoint response genes such as p21, p38 MAPK, p53 and PARP, however, without causing significant cell cycle arrest or cell death. Using a high-resolution Affymetrix genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping technique, we provided the evidence that FOXM1 upregulation in epidermal keratinocytes is sufficient to induce genomic instability, in the form of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and copy number variations (CNV). FOXM1-induced genomic instability was significantly enhanced and accumulated with increasing cell passage and this instability was increased even further upon exposure to UVB resulting in whole chromosomal gain (7p21.3-7q36.3) and segmental LOH (6q25.1-6q25.3).']\nQuestion: Does upregulation of FOXM1 induce genomic instability in human epidermal keratinocytes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To determine whether there is a relationship between the genetics underlying the susceptibility to radiation-induced leukaemia in CBA/H (acute myeloid leukaemia, AML) and C57BL/6 (thymic lymphoma, TL) mice, and the genetics underlying the sensitivity of CBA/H (sensitive) and C57BL/6 (resistant) mice to radiation-induced chromosomal instability.', 'CBA/H, (CBA/H x C57BL/6)F1, F1 x CBA/H, F1 x C57BL/6 and F1 x F1 mice were exposed to a single acute dose of 3.0 Gy X-rays. AML and TL were diagnosed over the subsequent 30 months.', 'There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of AML in F1, F1 x F1, F1 x CBA/H and F1 x C57BL/6 mice, which was approximately 50% that in CBA/H mice. AML susceptibility is therefore a dominant polygenic trait, and both susceptibility and resistance (variable penetrance) CBA/H and C57BL/6 loci are involved. The incidence of TL in the FM and F1 x CBA/H mice was negligible, indicating that TL susceptibility is a recessive trait. As the TL incidence in the F1 x C57BL/6 mice was about half that in C57BL/6 mice, one recessive locus is probably involved.']\nQuestion: Is susceptibility to radiation-induced leukaemia/lymphoma genetically separable from sensitivity to radiation-induced genomic instability?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Ceramide and sphingosine, generated by sphingomyelinase-mediated hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, which packs tightly in the bilayer of the plasma membrane, have been proposed as intracellular mediators of apoptotic signals. However, precise function of endogenous sphingomyelin-cycle metabolites in mast cells has been unclear. Thus, we sought to define the involvement of ceramide and sphingosine in apoptotic pathways of mast cells.', 'We examined the effect of cell-permeable C(2)-ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingomyelinase on survival of murine bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMC) supported by recombinant interleukin-3 (rIL-3) and/or recombinant stem cell factor (rSCF). Downstream signaling pathways of C(2)-ceramide and sphingosine were analyzed by using caspase inhibitors.', 'C(2)-ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingomyelinase induced apoptosis in BMCMC in the presence of rIL-3 and/or rSCF, and Z-VAD-fmk (a broad caspase inhibitor), Z-DEVD-fmk (a caspase 3 inhibitor), and Z-IETD-fmk (a caspase 8 inhibitor) partially prevented apoptosis of BMCMC induced by C(2)-ceramide but not sphingosine.']\nQuestion: Do ceramide and sphingosine rapidly induce apoptosis of murine mast cells supported by interleukin-3 and stem cell factor?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Uterine artery embolization (UAE) has become widely employed in Japan. Although several methods of anesthesia and analgesia are performed for UAE, pain control does not appear to be satisfactory. We report a series of UAE, successfully managed using thoracic epidural analgesia.', 'Before UAE an epidural analgesic catheter was inserted at T 10-11. Local anesthetic and morphine sulfate were administered through the catheter. After the UAE patients received patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for 24 hours. The next day, patients were treated with diclofenac sodium 25 mg suppository every 8 hours.', 'In all cases, early pain was controlled well by epidural analgesia. Late pain was controlled by combining epidural analgesia with diclofenac sodium. Nausea and pruritus due to morphine sulfate occurred in some cases, but disappeared after discontinuation of PCEA.']\nQuestion: Is [ Thoracic epidural analgesia effective in perioperative pain relief for uterine artery embolization ]?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Pain is strongly related to poor quality of life. We performed a cross-sectional study in a university hospital to investigate quality of life in women suffering from chronic pelvic pain (CPP) due to endometriosis and others conditions.', 'Fifty-seven patients aged between 25 and 48 years-old submitted to laparoscopy because of CPP were evaluated for quality of life and depressive symptoms. Quality of life was accessed by a quality of life instrument [World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Bref (WHOQOL-bref)]. Causes of pelvic pain were determined and severity of CPP was measured with a visual analogue scale. According to the intensity of pelvic pain score, patients were classified in two groups (group Low CPP < 25th percentile visual analogue scale and group High CPP > 25th percentile). Four dimensions on quality of life were measured (physical, psychological, social and environmental). We stratified the analysis of quality of life according CPP causes (presence or not of endometriosis in laparoscopy).', 'Patients with higher pain scores presented lower quality of life status in psychological and environmental dimensions. We found a negative correlation between pain scores and psychological dimension of quality of life (r = -0.310, P = .02). Quality of life scores were similar between groups with and without endometriosis (physical 54.2 ± 12.8 and 51.1 ± 13.8, P = 0.504; psychological 56.2 ± 14.4 and 62.8 ± 12.4, P = 0.182; social 55.6 ± 18.2 and 62.1 ± 19.1, P = 0.325; environmental 59.2 ± 11.7 61.2 ± 10.8, P = 0.608; respectively)']\nQuestion: Is quality of life associated to chronic pelvic pain independent of endometriosis diagnosis -- a cross-sectional survey?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Factors related to prolonged pleural drainage after the Fontan operation have not been clearly defined. We investigated perioperative variables to establish factors predicting operative morbidity including prolonged chest tube drainage. Also, we pursued the fate of the fenestration during the follow-up period.', 'We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients who had undergone a fenestrated extracardiac Fontan procedure between August 1998 and June 2008. The median age at the time of surgery was 34.8 (range: 18.5 ∼ 156) months and the median body weight 13.2 kg (range: 9.5 ∼ 33). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare demographic, anatomic, and physiological variables for postoperative morbidity.', 'Operative mortality occurred in one patient (1.9%). The mean duration of respiratory support, chest tube drainage, and hospital stay was 13 hours (range: 4 to 328 hours), six days (range: 2 to 45 days), and 16 days (range: 7 to 444 days), respectively. Statistically, an operation without previous bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (OR 30, 95% CI 3.1 to 289) was the only independent risk factor for prolonged pleural drainage. Aortic cross-clamp time was identified as a risk factor for prolonged mechanical ventilatory support. During a median follow-up at 62 months (range: 17 to 137 months), there was one late death (1.9%). Twenty-two patients (43%) underwent intervention for fenestration closure.']\nQuestion: Is omission of a prior Glenn anastomosis a risk factor for prolonged pleural drainage after the fenestrated extracardiac conduit Fontan procedure?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Although microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 is known to contribute to stroke injury, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examines the hypothesis that EP(3) receptors contribute to stroke injury as downstream effectors of mPGES-1 neurotoxicity through Rho kinase activation.', 'We used a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model in cultured rat and mouse hippocampal slices and a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model. Effects of an EP(3) receptor antagonist on neuronal damage in mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice was compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice.', 'In cultures of rat hippocampal slices, the mRNAs of EP(1-4) receptors were constitutively expressed and only the EP(3) receptor antagonist ONO-AE3-240 attenuated and only the EP(3) receptor agonist ONO-AE-248 augmented glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in CA1 neurons. Hippocampal slices from mPGES-1 KO mice showed less excitotoxicity than those from WT mice and the EP(3) receptor antagonist did not attenuate the excitotoxicity. In transient focal ischaemia models, injection (i.p.) of an EP(3) antagonist reduced infarction, oedema and neurological dysfunction in WT mice, but not in mPGES-1 KO mice, which showed less injury than WT mice. EP(3) receptor agonist-induced augmentation of excitotoxicity in vitro was ameliorated by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and Pertussis toxin. The Rho kinase inhibitor HA-1077 also ameliorated stroke injury in vivo.']\nQuestion: Does microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 contribute to ischaemic excitotoxicity through prostaglandin E2 EP3 receptors?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) promote metastasis as well as local growth of pancreatic cancer. However, the factors mediating the effect of PSCs on pancreatic cancer cells have not been clearly identified.', 'We used a modified Boyden chamber assay as an in vitro model to investigate the role of PSCs in migration of Panc1 and UlaPaCa cells and to identify the underlying mechanisms.', 'PSC supernatant (PSC-SN) dose-dependently induced the trans-migration of Panc1 and UlaPaCa cells, mainly via haptokinesis and haptotaxis, respectively. In contrast to poly-L-lysine or fibronectin, collagen I resembled PSC-SN with respect to its effect on cancer cell behaviours, including polarised morphology, facilitated adhesion, accelerated motility and stimulated trans-migration. Blocking antibodies against integrin α2/β1 subunits significantly attenuated PSC-SN- or collagen I-promoted cell trans-migration and adhesion. Moreover, both PSC-SN and collagen I induced the formation of F-actin and focal adhesions in cells, which was consistent with the constantly enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK, Tyr397). Inhibition of FAK function by an inhibitor or small interference RNAs significantly diminished the effect of PSC-SN or collagen I on haptotaxis/haptokinesis of pancreatic cancer cells.']\nQuestion: Do pancreatic stellate cells promote hapto-migration of cancer cells through collagen I-mediated signalling pathway?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Heterozygous defects in the highly conserved PAX6 homeobox gene are associated with aniridia, an inherited human disorder affecting several ocular structures, including the adult cornea. This work establishes the pattern of Pax-6 gene expression in the surface epithelia of the late embryonic and adult eye.', 'Chick embryo sections and wholemounts, as well as adult mouse and monkey tissues, were analyzed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry with probes specific to Pax-6. Western immunoblots were used to detect Pax-6 protein, and mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.', 'In days 5 and 6 chick embryos, Pax-6 protein is found in the nuclei of all cells within the corneal epithelium and in the future conjunctiva. Although not detected in the cornea by in situ hybridization, Pax-6 mRNA is, in fact, present at levels comparable to those observed in the retina. In the mature mouse, Pax-6 protein was expressed in all cells of the corneal epithelium, the limbus, and the entire conjunctiva. Similar results were obtained for the monkey cornea.']\nQuestion: Is the Pax-6 homeobox gene expressed throughout the corneal and conjunctival epithelia?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['For high-resolution microscopy, cells have to be analyzed through thin glass coverslips. Therefore, it is necessary to culture cells on coverslips for preservation of cell morphology. We found cell attachment and spreading to be relatively slow processes, even when cells were plated on coated coverslips. This slowness presents a problem, particularly when synchronized cell populations are used.', 'In this paper, we present a method that is based on glow-discharged carbon coating of coverslips which promotes rapid attachment and spreading of cells, enabling rapid analysis of cells after plating. Results obtained with carbon-coated coverslips were compared with those of other types of coating. Two fibroblast lines, an epithelial cell line, and a carcinoma cell line were tested.']\nQuestion: Does coating of coverslips with glow-discharged carbon promote cell attachment and spreading probably due to carboxylic groups?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Many countries use cooling plates to actively cool collected whole blood (WB) to room temperature. Until now, no paired comparison had been performed, and it was our aim to compare the effect of active versus no active cooling on the in vitro quality of WB and subsequently prepared blood components.', 'Two units of WB were pooled and divided shortly after donation. One unit was placed under a butane-1,4-diol plate to obtain active cooling; the other was placed in an insulated box with other warm units to mimic worst-case holding conditions. WB was held overnight and processed into a white blood cell (WBC)-reduced red blood cells (RBCs), buffy coat (BC), and plasma. The BCs were further processed into platelet (PLT) concentrates. RBCs were stored for 42 days, and PLT concentrates for 8 days (n\\u2003=\\u200312 paired experiments).', 'After overnight storage, ATP content of the RBCs was 4.9\\u2003±\\u20030.3\\u2003µmol/g Hb for actively cooled WB versus 4.5\\u2003±\\u20030.4\\u2003µmol/g\\u2003Hb for not actively cooled WB (p\\u2003<\\u20030.001). On Day 42 of storage, RBCs prepared from this WB contained 3.1\\u2003±\\u20030.3\\u2003µmol\\u2003ATP/g\\u2003Hb with active cooling versus 2.6\\u2003±\\u20030.3\\u2003µmol/g\\u2003Hb without (p\\u2003<\\u20030.001). Hemolysis on Day 42 was 0.35\\u2003±\\u20030.08% with active cooling and 0.67\\u2003±\\u20030.21% without (p\\u2003<\\u20030.001). No effect was observed on the in vitro quality of plasma, BC, or PLT concentrates.']\nQuestion: Does active cooling of whole blood to room temperature improve blood component quality?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Recent studies indicate that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP(1-32)) may be truncated into BNP(3-32) by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) and that BNP(3-32) has reduced biological activities compared with BNP(1-32). We investigated if DPP4 contributes to the cardiorenal alterations and to the attenuated response to BNP seen in heart failure.', 'Haemodynamic and renal assessment was performed in 12 pigs at baseline, 4 weeks after pacing-induced heart failure, and during BNP infusion. They were randomized to either placebo or treatment with a DPP4 inhibitor, sitagliptin. After 4 weeks of pacing, heart rate was reduced compared with baseline in the sitagliptin group (60 ± 2 vs. 95 ± 16 b.p.m., P < 0.01), and an increase in stroke volume was observed in the sitagliptin group compared with placebo (+24 ± 6% vs. -17 ± 7%, P < 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate declined at week 4 compared with baseline in the placebo group (1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 2.3 ± 0.3 mL/kg/min, P < 0.01) but remained preserved in the sitagliptin group [1.8 ± 0.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.3 mL/kg/min, P = NS (non-significant)]. In the sitagliptin group, BNP infusion improved end-systolic elastance (68 ± 5 vs. 31 ± 4 mmHg/kg/mL, P < 0.05), ventricular-arterial coupling, and mechanical efficiency. Compared with controls (n = 6), myocardial gene expression of BNP, interleukin-6, Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger, and calmodulin was up-regulated in the placebo group, but not in the sitagliptin group.']\nQuestion: Does dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition improve cardiorenal function in overpacing-induced heart failure?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The authors are designing an implantable device that will electrically stimulate a paretic eyelid when electrodes implanted into the contralateral healthy orbicularis oculi muscle detect a spontaneous blink activity. As a novelty, the stimulation pattern includes the dynamic sensitivity of motor units, thus obtaining complete eyelid closure, tailored on the kinematics of the natural eye blink.', 'A preliminary study was performed on 10 healthy subjects, to observe, first, the kinematics of their natural eye blink and, second, the eye blink stimulated by a dynamic vs nondynamic pattern.', 'A microaccelerometer taped onto the left upper eyelid detected its kinematics. A dedicated LabView software built up and triggered the stimulation pattern. A webcam recorded the behavioral effect.', 'The kinematics of spontaneous eye blinks was detected. Then, an epicutaneous stimulation of the facial nerve branch for the left orbicularis oculi muscle was performed on the same subjects. Muscle recruitment curves were studied, and acceleration of the bionic blink was measured and compared with the natural one.', 'Kinematics of the natural eyelid is highly variable within subjects. The stimulation pattern frequency was set case by case in order to obtain the desired eyelid acceleration of the contralateral eye. A custom-fit dynamic stimulation leads to a symmetrical natural-like eye blink.']\nQuestion: Does a closed-loop stimulation system supplemented with motoneurone dynamic sensitivity replicate natural eye blinks?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Whether hyperbilirubinemia suppresses electrophysiological activity of the neonatal auditory brainstem remains to be investigated.', 'To determine whether hyperbilirubinemia suppresses the brainstem auditory electrophysiology in term neonates.', 'Maximum length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response (MLS BAER) was recorded shortly after confirming hyperbilirubinemia in 58 term neonates. Wave amplitudes of the response were analyzed in detail.', 'Compared with age-matched term controls, the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia showed a significant reduction in the amplitudes of MLS BAER waves III and particularly V at all click rates 91-910/s. The reduction tended to be more significant at higher than lower rates. Wave I amplitude was reduced at 910/s. V/I amplitude ratio was decreased at all click rates. Therefore, the amplitudes of MLS BAER, particularly later, waves were all reduced. The amplitudes of all MLS BAER waves tended to be reduced with the increase in total serum bilirubin level. All wave amplitudes were correlated with the level of total serum bilirubin at some or most click rates.']\nQuestion: Is brainstem auditory electrophysiology supressed in term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['In paediatric cardiac surgery, red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are given to treat haemorrhage or to increase oxygen delivery (therapeutic transfusion). Sometimes, RBCs are added to the prime solution to avoid a too low haematocrit on bypass (CPB-driven transfusion). Our study investigated whether the reason for RBC transfusion might affect severe postoperative morbidity or mortality.', \"This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care level, children's hospital. The charts of all patients admitted between 2006 and 2009 were reviewed. Among transfused patients, children receiving a therapeutic transfusion were compared with those receiving a CPB-driven transfusion. The primary outcome was severe postoperative morbidity or mortality. Statistically significant variables founded with univariate analysis were incorporated in the multivariable logistic regression analysis to build a model that predicts severe postoperative morbidity or mortality. This model was then adjusted for clinically relevant variables that may interfere with 'indication for transfusion'.\", 'One hundred and one (48%) patients in the therapeutic and 92 (26%) patients in the CPB-driven transfusion group developed severe postoperative morbidity or died (P < 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression showed that weight, ASA, calculated blood loss, intraoperative fluid balance, duration of CPB time and the indication group for transfusion [1.64 (1.03-2.62); P = 0.039] were independent risk factors for severe postoperative morbidity or mortality. The indication group for transfusion remained significant [2.0 (1.16-3.45); P = 0.013] after adjustment for significant predictors of indication for transfusion. Number of patients with infections, or neurological deficit, and length of mechanical ventilation, PICU and hospital length of stay, were significantly higher in the therapeutic compared with the CPB-driven transfusion group one.']\nQuestion: Is the indication for perioperative red blood cell transfusions a predictive risk factor for severe postoperative morbidity and mortality in children undergoing cardiac surgery?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Recent evidence suggests that high adiponectin levels serve as an independent predictor of mortality in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. We aimed to assess the prognostic importance of adiponectin in CHF towards heart failure-related hospital admissions and mortality, in relation to other clinical, laboratory and exercise data.', 'Seventy-three CHF patients were recruited from the Heart Failure Clinic of the Antwerp University Hospital and followed for a median of 7 (range 1.5-9.1) years. Study endpoint was the combined occurrence of heart failure-related hospitalizations and all-cause death. At baseline patients underwent clinical assessment, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Circulating concentrations of adiponectin, NT-proBNP and lipoproteins were measured. After follow-up the hazard ratio (HR) of adiponectin for outcome was estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.', 'During follow-up, 14 (19%) patients died and 46 (63%) were admitted for CHF deterioration. The unadjusted hazard for poor outcome was higher in patients with adiponectin values above the 75th percentile (15.2mg/L) (P=0.031). Adiponectin remained independently predictive [HR (95% CI) 2.47 (1.21-5.03), P=0.013], when controlling for well-established predictors of mortality/morbidity in CHF. Additional correction for BMI, NT-proBNP, VO(2) peak, HDL and triglycerides did not affect the HR estimate. After adjusting for beta-blocker intake the association between adiponectin and poor outcome was no longer significant.']\nQuestion: Do β-blockers modify the prognostic value of adiponectin in chronic heart failure?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We investigated the effects of desiccating stress on murine corneal apical epithelial cell area and desquamation by using 4 defined parameters and evaluated the effects of the metalloproteinase inhibitor doxycycline on this process.', 'C57BL/6 mice were subjected to experimental dry eye (EDE) for 5 days without or with topical therapy with doxycycline 0.025% or 0.0025% or vehicle 4 times a day. C57BL/6 mice that were not exposed to desiccating stress served as controls. Whole mount corneas from each group were immunostained for occludin and visualized by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The images were analyzed in a masked fashion, and mean individual cell area, apical cell density, average cell number loss, and average percent loss were recorded.', 'EDE caused a significant decrease in apical corneal cell area (1073 +/- 135.9 microm2), an increase in apical cell density (895.8 +/- 115.4 cells per mm2) and a greater percent of epithelial loss (21.29% +/- 13.40%) than controls (1341 +/- 95.28 microm2, 714.4 +/- 55.60 cells per mm2, 2.897% +/- 3.452%, P < 0.001 for all, respectively). Treatment with 0.025% doxycycline preserved cell area (1337 +/- 144.6 microm2) and the apical cell density (721.0 +/- 91.62 cells per mm2) and decreased percentage loss (5.117% +/- 6.757%) compared with the vehicle control group (1154 +/- 88.10 microm2, 830.2 +/- 49.76 cells per mm2, 22.14 +/- 9.616%, P < 0.001 for all, respectively).']\nQuestion: Does desiccating stress decrease apical corneal epithelial cell size -- modulation by the metalloproteinase inhibitor doxycycline?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Our aim was to test the association of vascular risk factor exposure in midlife with progression of MRI markers of brain aging and measures of cognitive decline.', 'A total of 1,352 participants without dementia from the prospective Framingham Offspring Cohort Study were examined. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were implemented to study the association of midlife vascular risk factor exposure with longitudinal change in white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), total brain volume (TBV), temporal horn volume, logical memory delayed recall, visual reproductions delayed-recall (VR-d), and Trail-Making Test B-A (TrB-A) performance a decade later.', 'Hypertension in midlife was associated with accelerated WMHV progression (p < 0.001) and worsening executive function (TrB-A score; p = 0.012). Midlife diabetes and smoking were associated with a more rapid increase in temporal horn volume, a surrogate marker of accelerated hippocampal atrophy (p = 0.017 and p = 0.008, respectively). Midlife smoking also predicted a more marked decrease in total brain volume (p = 0.025) and increased risk of extensive change in WMHV (odds ratio = 1.58 [95%confidence interval 1.07-2.33], p = 0.021). Obesity in midlife was associated with an increased risk of being in the top quartile of change in executive function (1.39 [1.02-1.88], p = 0.035) and increasing waist-to-hip ratio was associated with marked decline in TBV (10.81 [1.44-81.01], p = 0.021). Longitudinal changes in brain structure were significantly correlated with decline in memory and executive function.']\nQuestion: Does midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerate structural brain aging and cognitive decline?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the peer review in an integrated curriculum and to guide further improvements of curriculum.', 'In 2012, Seoul National University College of Medicine implemented a peer review system for 11 courses in an integrated curriculum. For each lecture, two reviewers conducted the rating using a 10-item questionnaire on a 4-point scale. We analyzed the correlation between total scores and each item and the inter-rater reliability between the two reviewers by Pearson correlation. Further, the link between peer review scores and the student lecture evaluation was analyzed.', 'The mean total score for the checklist rating was 31.3 (out of 40.0), and the mean score for each item ranged from 2.65 to 3.35 (out of 4.00). The correlation coefficient between the total score and each item was high, ranging from 0.656 to 0.849, except for three items. The mean of difference scores between reviewers was 5.03, and the correlation coefficient was significantly high, which ranged from 0.968 to 0.999. The peer reviews scores and student lecture evaluations generally correlated, but there were some outlying exceptions; the correlation coefficient was 0.105 and 0.093.']\nQuestion: Does [ Peer review analysis of lecture using video recordings in an integrated curriculum ]?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Base of tongue (BOT) is a difficult subsite to examine clinically and radiographically. Yet, anatomic delineation of the primary tumor site, its extension to adjacent sites or across midline, and endophytic vs. exophytic extent are important characteristics for staging and treatment planning. We hypothesized that ultrasound could be used to visualize and describe BOT tumors.', 'Transcervical ultrasound was performed using a standardized protocol in cases and controls. Cases had suspected or confirmed BOT malignancy. Controls were healthy individuals without known malignancy.', '100% of BOT tumors were visualized. On ultrasound BOT tumors were hypoechoic (90.9%) with irregular margins (95.5%). Ultrasound could be used to characterize adjacent site involvement, midline extent, and endophytic extent, and visualize the lingual artery. No tumors were suspected for controls.']\nQuestion: Is transcervical ultrasonography feasible to visualize and evaluate base of tongue cancers?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['There have been numerous studies with conflicting results regarding the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy and its relationship to postoperative outcome in Crohn disease. The aim of our study was to examine the rate of postoperative morbidity in patients receiving anti TNF therapy in the perioperative period.', 'All patients undergoing surgery for Crohn disease from 2005 till 2008 were abstracted from a prospective database. Patients undergoing surgery which included a suture or staple line at risk for leaking were selected for the study. A retrospective review of medical records was performed. The study group comprised patients treated with perioperative anti TNF therapy (defined as treatment within 8 weeks preoperatively or up to 30 days postoperatively). The remainder of the patients did not receive perioperative anti TNF therapy. Patient characteristics, disease severity, medication use, operative intervention and 30-day complication were compared between the two groups.', 'Three hundred and seventy patients were selected for analysis in this study, of which 119 received perioperative anti TNF therapy and 251 did not. The groups were similar in baseline characteristics, perioperative risk factors and procedures. The group who received perioperative anti TNF therapy had a more severe disease overall as measured by the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) categories of disease (50% severe fulminant disease in the perioperative anti-TNF therapy group versus 18% in the group that did not receive perioperative anti-TNF therapy, p < 0.001). There was no significant association of perioperative anti TNF therapy and any postoperative complications (27.9% in anti-TNF group versus 30.1% in no anti-TNF group, p = 0.63) nor intra-abdominal infectious complications (5.0% in anti-TNF group versus 7.2% in no anti-TNF group, p = 0.44). Univariate analysis showed that the only factors associated with an increase in postoperative intra-abdominal infections were age and penetrating disease.']\nQuestion: Does perioperative anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy increase the rate of early postoperative complications in Crohn 's disease?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The activation of NMDA receptors in the rat ventral tegmental area has been proposed to be necessary for the induction of locomotor sensitization by amphetamine, yet there has been no direct assessment of this view.', 'The present study examined the ability of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5) to block this effect when infused either into the ventral tegmental area or, for comparison, into the nucleus accumbens. These sites are known to be important for the induction and expression, respectively, of locomotor sensitization by amphetamine.', 'Rats in different groups received four pairs of injections (one IC and one IP), one pair given every third day. The IC injection (0, 1 or 5 nmol/side AP-5) was administered immediately before the IP injection (saline or amphetamine, 1 mg/kg). Locomotor activity was measured following each pair of injections and again 2 weeks later when all rats were tested for sensitization following a challenge injection of amphetamine (1 mg/kg, IP). AP-5 was not administered on this test.', 'As expected, rats previously exposed to amphetamine alone showed higher levels of horizontal locomotion and rearing on the test for sensitization when compared to saline pre-exposed rats. Preceding the amphetamine pre-exposure injections with infusions of AP-5 into the ventral tegmental area, but not the nucleus accumbens, dose-dependently blocked the induction of this effect. Rats previously exposed to AP-5 alone in either site did not differ significantly from saline preexposed rats on the test for sensitization.']\nQuestion: Does induction of locomotor sensitization by amphetamine require the activation of NMDA receptors in the rat ventral tegmental area?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules that inhibit gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Gadd45g (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 gamma) is a stress-response protein, which has been implicated in several biological processes, including DNA repair, the cell cycle and cell differentiation.', \"In this work, we found that miR-383 is a negative regulator of Gadd45g. Forced expression of miR-383 decreased the expression of Gadd45g through binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), whereas inhibition of miR-383 increased Gadd45g expression. The presence of miR-383 increased the cellular sensitivity to DNA damage in breast cancer cells, which was rescued by ectopic expression of Gadd45g without the 3'-UTR. miR-383 also regulates the expression of Gadd45g in embryonic stem (ES) cells, but not their apoptosis under genotoxic stress. miR-383 was further showed to negatively regulate ES cell differentiation via targeting Gadd45g, which subsequently modulates the pluripotency-associated genes. Taken together, our study demonstrates that miR-383 is a negative regulator of Gadd45g in both tumor cells and ES cells, however, has distinct function in regulating cell apoptosis. miR-383 may be used as antineoplastic agents in cancer chemotherapy.\"]\nQuestion: Does microRNA-383 regulate the apoptosis of tumor cells through targeting Gadd45g?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Acute kidney injury is common following cardiac surgery. Experimental models of acute kidney injury suggest that successful therapy should be implemented within 24-48 h of renal injury. However, it is difficult to detect acute kidney injury shortly after cardiac surgery, because creatinine concentration is diluted by cardiopulmonary bypass. We hypothesized that, following cardiopulmonary bypass, creatinine reduction ratios would correlate with haematocrit reduction ratios and would be associated with the incidence of acute kidney injury.', 'We collected demographic and blood test data from consecutive patients (n = 1137) who had undergone cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The creatinine reduction ratio was calculated as follows: (preoperative creatinine-postoperative creatinine)/preoperative creatinine. Patients were assigned to either of two groups. The first group (Group 1) was used to determine the threshold for acute kidney injury, and the second group (Group 2) was used to assess diagnostic performance. Acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in serum creatinine level >0.3 mg/dl or >150% from baseline.', \"The incidence of acute kidney injury was 14.5% (79/545) in Group 1 and 15.5% (92/592) in Group 2. Postoperatively, creatinine concentration correlated strongly with haematocrit concentration (Pearson's r(2): 0.91). In Group 1, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity and specificity were 0.71, 64.1 and 66.4%, respectively, for creatinine reduction ratios of <20%. In Group 2, the odds ratio, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and relative risk for creatinine reduction ratio performance were 4.3 (95% confidence interval 2.6-7.0), 0.27 (0.21-0.32), 0.92 (0.89-0.95) and 3.42 (2.22-5.27), respectively.\"]\nQuestion: Is perioperative change in creatinine following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass useful in predicting acute kidney injury : a single-centre retrospective cohort study?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['This study was performed to investigate bone deteriorations of diabetic mice in response to the treatment of ursolic acid derivative (UAD).', 'The biomarkers in serum and urine were measured, tibias were taken for the measurement on gene and protein expression and histomorphology analysis, and femurs were taken for the measurement on bone Ca and three-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone.', 'UAD showed a greater increase in bone Ca, BMD and significantly increased FGF-23 and OCN, reduced PTH and CTX in diabetic mice. UAD reversed STZ-induced trabecular deleterious effects and stimulated bone remodeling. The treatment of STZ group with UAD significantly elevated the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Moreover, insulin and IGF-1 showed a negative correlation with both FBG and Hb1Ac in STZ group. We attributed down-regulating the level of Hb1Ac in diabetic mice to that ursolic acid derivative could primely control blood sugar levels. After analyzing of two adipocyte markers, PPARγ and aP2, increased expression in the tibias of diabetic mice, and UAD could improve STZ-induced adipocyte dysfunction.']\nQuestion: Does ursolic acid derivative ameliorate streptozotocin-induced diabestic bone deleterious effects in mice?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Insulin-lowering agents are reported to be useful in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) anovulation. It has been suggested that lower insulin levels secondarily affect ovarian tissue, although the direct mechanism of action has not yet been verified. Here we investigated if these agents directly affect the ovary.', 'Thirty female Wister rats were studied. Six control rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.2 ml sesame oil, while 24 rats used as PCOS models were injected subcutaneously with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and divided into four groups. Six rats were injected with only DHEA, while the remaining 18 rats received metformin, pioglitazone or troglitazone. The ovaries were immunohistochemically stained with anti- testosterone and anti-17beta-HSD antibodies, and then evaluated for morphological changes.', 'In the DHEA administration group, the number of atretic follicles significantly increased compared to that of control rats. The insulin-lowering agents did not improve the multicystic appearance. Serum testosterone concentrations significantly increased with DHEA administration, but the increase was inhibited by oral administration of insulin-lowering agents. Testosterone deposits in ovarian tissue were also reduced by feeding rats insulin-lowering agents.']\nQuestion: Do insulin-lowering agents inhibit synthesis of testosterone in ovaries of DHEA-induced PCOS rats?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To evaluate the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.', 'A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.', 'A university hospital.', 'Fifty-two patients with cholelithiasis but without known allergy to one of the study drugs, history of bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, known cardiac, lung or renal disease, abnormal liver function or use of opiates or NSAIDs within 2 weeks before operation. Patients were assigned to one of three groups and treatment was randomized by placing the drugs in sealed, numbered envelopes.', 'Administration of the NSAIDs ketorolac, intramuscularly, or indomethacin, rectally, before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.', 'Postoperative pain scored on a a visual analogue scale and by nurse assessment, total dose of fentanyl citrate given, and nausea or emesis.', 'Patients in the placebo group reported significantly more pain than either NSAID group (p<0.05) and were reported as having significantly more pain by the nurses (P<0.05). These patients were subsequently treated with a higher mean postoperative dose of fentanyl citrate than either NSAID group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the placebo group reported more nausea and emesis (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in any of the parameters measured between the ketorolac or indomethacin group.']\nQuestion: Are indomethacin and ketorolac given preoperatively equally effective in reducing early postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Delayed graft function (DGF) is an early postoperative complication of kidney transplantation (KT) predisposing to acute rejection and lower graft survival. Intraoperative arterial hypotension and hypovolemia are associated with DGF. Central venous pressure (CVP) is used to estimate volemia but its reliability has been criticized. Pleth variability index (PVI) is a hemodynamic parameter predicting fluid responsiveness. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between intraoperative PVI and CVP values and the occurrence of DGF.', 'This was a prospective, noninterventional, observational, single-center study. All consecutive patients with KT from deceased donors were included. Recipients received standard, CVP, and PVI monitoring. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters were recorded from recipients at 5 time points during KT.', 'Forty patients were enrolled. There was a poor correlation between PVI and CVP values (r']\nQuestion: Does intraoperative Pleth Variability Index be Linked to Delayed Graft Function After Kidney Transplantation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Assess whether family environmental factors affected changes in fruit and snack consumption among 12- to 14-year-old adolescents participating in a Dutch healthy diet promotion program.', 'Data were derived from pretest and posttest questionnaires completed by adolescents in 10 schools in the intervention arm of the program trial and questionnaires completed by their parents during program implementation.', 'Lower vocational schools in the southern and central parts of The Netherlands.', 'Questionnaire answers of 502 parents were matched with those of their children.', 'Eight school lessons using various theory-based materials and strategies.', 'Dietary intake, ethnicity, education level, employment status, parenting style, food purchase considerations, family food rules, and food availability and accessibility at home.', 'Regression analyses.', 'No significant family environmental predictors of program-induced changes in either fruit or snack intake were found.']\nQuestion: Do family environmental factors explain differences in the behavioral effect of a healthy diet promotion program in lower vocational schools among 12- to 14-year-old adolescents?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Polyphenols (PP) have demonstrated beneficial effects on low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress; however, little is known about their effect on highly inflamed muscle. The purposes of this study were (i) to evaluate muscle alteration induced by high-grade inflammation, and (ii) to test the effects of red grape PP supplementation on these alterations.', \"We used a transgenic mice model (transforming growth factor [TGF] mice) to develop a high T cell-dependent inflammation and C57 BL/6 control (CTL) mice model. Skeletal muscles of TGF and CTL mice were investigated for inflammation, atrophy and oxidative stress markers. Isolated mitochondria from hindlimb muscles were used for respiration with pyruvate as substrate and oxidative damages were measured by Western blot. TGF mice were supplemented with a mixture of red grape polyphenols (50 mg/kg/d) for 4 wk. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests.\", 'TGF mice presented skeletal muscle inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial alteration and muscle atrophy. Atrophy was associated with two distinct pathways: (i) one linked to inflammation, NF-κB activation and increased ubiquitin ligase expression, and (ii) one dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production leading to damaged mitochondria accumulation and activation of caspase-9 and 3. Supplementation of TGF mice with a mixture of red grape polyphenols (50 mg/kg/d) for 4 wk improved mitochondrial function and highly decreased caspases activation, which allowed muscle atrophy mitigation.']\nQuestion: Does grape polyphenols supplementation reduce muscle atrophy in a mouse model of chronic inflammation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['This study aimed to investigate the impact of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy in patients with advanced heart failure (HF).', 'Although statins are known to reduce mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD), the impact of statin therapy in patients with HF has not been well studied. Both the potential risks and benefits of statins in HF have been described.', 'We studied a cohort of 551 patients with systolic HF (left ventricular ejection fraction [EF] <or=40%) referred to a single university center for clinical management and/or transplant evaluation. Survival without the necessity of urgent heart transplantation was determined.', \"The patients' mean age was 52 +/- 13 years; mean EF was 25 +/- 7%. Forty-five percent of the cohort had CAD, and 45% were receiving statin therapy, including 73% and 22% of CAD and non-CAD patients with HF, respectively. Patients receiving statins were significantly older and more likely to be male, with higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. The EF and cholesterol levels were similar between treated and non-treated patients. Statin use was associated with improved survival without the necessity of urgent transplantation in both non-ischemic and ischemic HF patients (91% vs. 72%, p < 0.001 and 81% vs. 63%, p < 0.001 at one-year follow-up, respectively). After risk adjustment for age, gender, CAD, cholesterol, diabetes, medications, hemoglobin, creatinine, and New York Heart Association functional class, statin therapy remained an independent predictor of improved survival (hazard ratio 0.41 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.94).\"]\nQuestion: Is statin therapy associated with improved survival in ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The prolonged tendon vibration may induce muscle fatigue, as assessed by a decrease in maximal force production. It remains however unknown whether the decrease in muscle strength after prolonged Achilles tendon vibration is related to the vibration frequency.', 'This study aimed to assess the maximal capacity of plantar flexor neuromuscular function before and after prolonged Achilles tendon vibration at low and high frequencies generated using a portable device.', 'Pre- and post-test intervention with control.', 'University laboratory.', 'Ten healthy males (age 22.6 ± 4.0 yrs).', 'Each subject participated in three experimental sessions that were randomly distributed and separated by one week. During each experimental session, one of the following vibration protocols was applied for 30 minutes: i) 40 Hz vibration, ii) 100 Hz vibration, or iii) no vibration (control protocol).', 'MVC torque, voluntary activation level, twitch torque, maximal electromyographic activity, and maximal M-wave of plantar flexor muscles (measured before and after each vibration or control protocol).', 'Statistical analysis exhibited no significant effect of vibration protocol on the measured variables.']\nQuestion: Does prolonged Achilles Tendon Vibration Alter the Neuromuscular Performance of Plantar Flexor Muscles?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Randomized ovarian cancer trials, including ICON7, have reported improved progression-free survival (PFS) when bevacizumab was added to conventional cytotoxic therapy. The improvement was modest prompting the search for predictive biomarkers for bevacizumab.', 'Pretreatment training (n=91) and validation (n=114) blood samples were provided by ICON7 patients. Plasma concentrations of 15 angio-associated factors were determined using validated multiplex ELISAs. Our statistical approach adopted PFS as the primary outcome measure and involved (i) searching for biomarkers with prognostic relevance or which related to between-individual variation in bevacizumab effect; (ii) unbiased determination of cutoffs for putative biomarker values; (iii) investigation of biologically meaningfully predictive combinations of putative biomarkers; and (iv) replicating the analysis on candidate biomarkers in the validation dataset.', 'The combined values of circulating Ang1 (angiopoietin 1) and Tie2 (Tunica internal endothelial cell kinase 2) concentrations predicted improved PFS in bevacizumab-treated patients in the training set. Using median concentrations as cutoffs, high Ang1/low Tie2 values were associated with significantly improved PFS for bevacizumab-treated patients in both datasets (median, 23.0 months vs. 16.2; P=0.003) for the interaction of Ang1-Tie2 treatment in Cox regression analysis. The prognostic indices derived from the training set also distinguished high and low probability for progression in the validation set (P=0.008), generating similar values for HR (0.21 vs. 0.27) between treatment and control arms for patients with high Ang1 and low Tie2 values.']\nQuestion: Does the combination of circulating Ang1 and Tie2 levels predict progression-free survival advantage in bevacizumab-treated patients with ovarian cancer?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules of 20 to 22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression by binding to their 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). Increasing data implicate altered miRNA participation in the progress of cancer. We previously reported that CYP2J2 epoxygenase promotes human cancer phenotypes. But whether and how CYP2J2 is regulated by miRNA is not understood.\", \"Using bioinformatics analysis, we found potential target sites for miRNA let-7b in 3'UTR of human CYP2J2. Luciferase and western blot assays revealed that CYP2J2 was regulated by let-7b. In addition, let-7b decreased the enzymatic activity of endogenous CYP2J2. Furthermore, let-7b may diminish cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis of tumor cells via posttranscriptional repression of CYP2J2. Tumor xenografts were induced in nude mice by subcutaneous injection of MDA-MB-435 cells. The let-7b expression vector, pSilencer-let-7b, was injected through tail vein every 3 weeks. Let-7b significantly inhibited the tumor phenotype by targeting CYP2J2. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of let-7b and CYP2J2 protein from 18 matched lung squamous cell cancer and adjacent normal lung tissues; the expression level of CYP2J2 was inversely proportional to that of let-7b.\"]\nQuestion: Does let-7b inhibit human cancer phenotype by targeting cytochrome P450 epoxygenase 2J2?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor of serosal surfaces that is closely associated with asbestos exposure which induces oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, a rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation, plays a protective role against oxidative stress. The HO-1 gene promoter carries (GT)n repeats whose number is inversely related to transcriptional activity of the HO-1 gene.', 'To investigate the relationship between the length polymorphism of (GT)n repeats and mesothelioma susceptibility, we analyzed the HO-1 promoter in 44 asbestos-exposed subjects without mesothelioma and 78 asbestos-exposed subjects with mesothelioma using PCR-based genotyping.', 'The number of repeats ranged from 16 to 38, with two peaks at 23 and 30 repeats. Polymorphisms of (GT)n repeats were grouped into two classes of alleles, short (S) (<24) and long (L) (≥24), and three genotypes: L/L, L/S, and S/S. The proportions of allele frequencies in class L as well as genotypic frequencies of L allele carriers (L/L and L/S) were significantly higher in the asbestos-exposed subjects with mesothelioma than in those without mesothelioma.']\nQuestion: Is heme oxygenase-1 promoter polymorphism associated with risk of malignant mesothelioma?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Data regarding the impact and timing of tracheostomy in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) are ambiguous. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of tracheostomy on hospital mortality in patients with moderate or severe isolated TBI.', 'We performed a\\xa0retrospective cohort analysis of data prospectively collected at 87\\xa0Austrian intensive care units (ICUs). All patients continuously admitted between 1998 and 2010 were evaluated for the study. In total, 4,735 patients were admitted to ICUs with isolated TBI. Of these patients, 2,156 had a\\xa0moderate or severe TBI (1,603 patients were endotracheally intubated only, 553\\xa0patients underwent tracheostomy). Epidemiological data (trauma severity, treatment, and outcome) of the two groups were compared.', 'Patients with moderate or severe isolated TBI undergoing tracheostomy had a\\xa0similar Glasgow Coma Scale score, median (interquartile range): 6 (3-8) vs 6\\xa0(3-8); p\\xa0= 0.90, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score\\xa0II, 45 (37-54) vs 45 (35-56); p\\xa0= 0.86, compared with intubated patients not undergoing tracheostomy. Furthermore, patients undergoing tracheostomy exhibited higher Abbreviated Injury Scale Head scores and had a\\xa0longer ICU stay for survivors, 30 (22-42) vs 9\\xa0(3-17) days; p <\\xa00.0001). In contrast, risk-adjusted mortality was lower in patients undergoing tracheostomy compared with patients who remained intubated, observed-to-expected mortality ratio (95\\u2009% confidence interval): 0.62 (0.53-0.72) vs 1.00 (0.95-1.05) respectively.']\nQuestion: Is tracheostomy associated with decreased hospital mortality after moderate or severe isolated traumatic brain injury?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To evaluate plasma levels of angiogenic factors and their association with preeclampsia.', 'Twenty-three women with preeclampsia and nine normotensive pregnant women from the Maternity of Hospital das Clínicas of Belo Horizonte/MG-Brazil were assessed by National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group Creteria (NHBPEPWG). The plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Placental growth factor (PlGF) were determined by ELISA assay.', 'Plasma concentration of PlGF was 12-fold lower in preeclampsia versus non preeclampsia pregnancies. An inverse correlation was observed between PlGF plasma levels and mean arterial pressure (MAP); a decrease in 1pg/mL of PlGF resulted in 6.18 mm Hg increase in MAP.']\nQuestion: Is placental growth factor ( PlGF ) a surrogate marker in preeclamptic hypertension?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) binds to the parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 (PTHR1), which results in the activation of pathways in osteoblasts that promote osteoclastogenesis through the RANK/RANKL system. RANK/RANKL expression has been shown in central giant cell granuloma of the jaws but PTHrP/PTHR1 has not. MSX1 protein is a classical transcription regulator which promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell differentiation by inhibiting master genes in tissues such as bone and muscle. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cherubism, and its expression has been reported in a single central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) case. We aimed, therefore, to study the expression of those proteins by the different cellular populations of central and peripheral giant cell granulomas (PGCGs) of the jaws.', 'Twenty cases of CGCG and 20 cases of PGCG of the jaws were retrospectively examined by immunohistochemistry for the percentage of positively staining cells to antibodies for PTHrP, PTHR1, and MSX1, using a semiquantitative method.', 'In both CGCG and PGCG of the jaws, PTHrP and PTHR1 were abundantly expressed by type I multinucleated giant cells (MGC) and mononucleated stromal cells (MSC) with vesicular nuclei, whereas type II MGC and MSC with pyknotic nuclei expressed those proteins to a lesser extent. In both CGCG and PGCG of the jaws, MSX1 was abundantly expressed by type I MGC and MSC but type II MGC did not express it. A statistically significant difference (P < .05) was observed between CGCG and PGCG in the expression of PTHrP in type II MGC and MSC with pyknotic nuclei and in the expression of PTHR1 in type II MGC.']\nQuestion: Are parathyroid hormone-related peptide ( PTHrP ) , parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor 1 ( PTHR1 ) , and MSX1 protein expressed in central and peripheral giant cell granulomas of the jaws?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Hindbrain herniation (HH) is frequently found in syndromic craniosynostosis. It may cause impairment of the respiratory centres and manifest as sleep-disordered breathing. Our aim was to quantify sleep apnoea caused by HH in children with syndromic craniosynostosis.', 'Seventy-one children with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis (aged 0-18 years) underwent prospective magnetic resonance imaging and a sleep study. The position of the cerebellar tonsils and respiratory parameters were evaluated and analysed. None of the included patients had undergone previous foramen magnum decompression.', 'HH was present in 35% of the patients and was more frequent in children with Crouzon syndrome (63%) than in other types of craniosynostosis (p = .018). There was a positive association between the position of the cerebellar tonsils and papilledema (p = .002). Sleep studies of children with craniosynostosis and HH were not different from those without HH. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome was not more prevalent in children with HH compared to those without HH (p = .12). A cluster analysis using indices of apnoea revealed that three new clusters between which age was significantly different (p = .025).']\nQuestion: Does sleep apnoea in syndromic craniosynostosis occur independent of hindbrain herniation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Cerebral microbleeds are known to be indicative of bleeding-prone microangiopathy and may predict incident intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, we investigated whether microbleeds are associated with the incidence of warfarin-related ICH.', 'Twenty-four patients with ICH while on outpatient treatment with warfarin were selected from a consecutive cohort. Control, warfarin-using subjects with no history of ICH were randomly selected during the same time period (n = 48). We compared demographic factors, vascular risk factors, laboratory findings, and radiologic findings including microbleeds between the groups.', 'There were more cases of patients with microbleeds in the ICH than control group (79.2% vs 22.9%: p < 0.001), and the number of microbleeds was much higher for the ICH group (9.0 +/- 26.8 vs 0.5 +/- 1.03: p < 0.001). Moreover, the number of microbleeds was significantly correlated with the presence of warfarin-related ICH (r = 0.299; p < 0.001). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that increased prothrombin time and the presence of microbleeds were independently related to the incidence of warfarin-related ICH (microbleeds: adjusted OR, 83.12).']\nQuestion: Are cerebral microbleeds a risk factor for warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['This observational study examined the association between continuing outpatient care for a psychiatric disorder, a substance use disorder, or both and decreased risk of readmission to psychiatric care after an index episode of inpatient psychiatric treatment.', 'Treatment records from all patients with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders discharged from an inpatient psychiatric setting in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) between July 1, 2004, and June 30, 2005 (N=26,826), were used to determine the impact of psychiatric and substance use disorder continuing care on readmission to inpatient psychiatric treatment in the 90 days after discharge.', 'Over 23% (6,280 of 26,826) of patients with both a psychiatric disorder and a substance use disorder who received inpatient psychiatric treatment in the VA were readmitted for additional psychiatric care within 90 days of discharge. Survival analyses indicated that receiving continuing care for a substance use disorder (hazard ratio [HR]=.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]=.77-.92, p<.001) in the 30 days after discharge from the index episode was associated with a lower likelihood of rehospitalization. Psychiatric continuing care was not associated with risk of rehospitalization. A supplementary analysis indicated that substance use disorder continuing care was still associated with a reduced risk of rehospitalization over the 12 months after discharge, although the overall magnitude of the association was diminished (HR=.92, 95% CI=.86-.99, p=.02).']\nQuestion: Do continuing care after inpatient psychiatric treatment for patients with psychiatric and substance use disorders?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['There is an increase of reliance on ileoscopy in preference to small-bowel barium follow-through in the diagnosis of terminal ileal Crohn disease. In this study the role of small-bowel barium follow-through after a normal or unremarkable ileocolonoscopy was investigated.', 'A retrospective analysis of all patients who had a colonoscopy followed by a small-bowel barium follow-through over a 7-year period was performed. Patients with a previously established diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and those who had colonoscopic evidence of inflammatory bowel disease were excluded.', 'Of the 96 patients who had a normal ileoscopy and normal or unremarkable colonoscopy, 3 had abnormalities detected at small-bowel barium follow-through. Two patients had abnormal terminal ileal biopsies, although the terminal ileum appeared macroscopically normal. The small-bowel barium follow-through helped to establish the diagnosis of Crohn disease. The other patient presented changes consistent with a previously established diagnosis. Of the 47 patients who had a normal or unremarkable total colonoscopy without ileoscopy, I had abnormalities detected at small-bowel barium follow-through consistent with a previously established diagnosis.']\nQuestion: Is small-bowel barium follow-through rarely required in patients with a normal ileoscopy and terminal ileal biopsy and a normal or unremarkable colonoscopy?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Genetic mutations in a number of putative glycosyltransferases lead to the loss of glycosylation of dystroglycan and loss of its laminin-binding activity in genetic forms of human muscular dystrophy. Human patients and glycosylation defective myd mice develop cardiomyopathy with loss of dystroglycan matrix receptor function in both striated and smooth muscle.', 'To determine the functional role of dystroglycan in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle in the development of cardiomyopathy in muscular dystrophies.', 'Using cre/lox-mediated gene targeting, we show here that loss of dystroglycan function in ventricular cardiac myocytes is sufficient to induce a progressive cardiomyopathy in mice characterized by focal cardiac fibrosis, increase in cardiac mass, and dilatation ultimately leading to heart failure. In contrast, disruption of dystroglycan in smooth muscle is not sufficient to induce cardiomyopathy. The specific loss of dystroglycan function in cardiac myocytes causes the accumulation of large, clustered patches of myocytes with membrane damage, which increase in number in response to exercise-induced cardiac stress, whereas exercised mice with normal dystroglycan expression accumulate membrane damage limited to individual myocytes.']\nQuestion: Is dystroglycan matrix receptor function in cardiac myocytes important for limiting activity-induced myocardial damage?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['TGFbeta1 has a profound effect on the growth of various mammalian cell types, including B lymphocytes. The inhibitory action of TGFbeta1 is mediated by deactivation of the cell cycle machinery. Several feedback-sensitive pathways determine whether the cells are stopped in G1 phase or allowed to leave G1 phase and enter S phase. Cell cycle-associated molecules, e.g. cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), may become targets for the inhibitory signaling pathways induced by TGFbeta1.', \"Our experimental DoHH2 cell line model was derived from a patient with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of follicular origin. The effect of TGFbeta1 on cell cycle progression was studied by flow cytometry. We examined the effect of TGFbeta1 on the expression of p21WAF1 by immunoblotting and RT-PCR. The binding activity of transcription factors to the p21 gene promoter was determined by gel mobility shift assay (GMSA).\", 'Our results showed that TGFbeta1 treatment increased the number of cells arrested in G0/G1 phase compared with untreated control cells. Moreover, we found that p21WAF1 expression was significantly up-regulated on the protein level after TGFbeta1 treatment. Similarly to the protein level, the expression of p21 mRNA was increased in TGFbeta1-treated cells. We further examined the binding activity of the Sp family of transcription factors to examine their role in p21WAF1 up-regulation.']\nQuestion: Is up-regulation of p21WAF1 expression mediated by Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors in TGFbeta1-arrested malignant B cells?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate the correlation among p300, CBP and MLL expression and the clinicopathological characteristics in resected SCLC patients.', 'Two hundred and twenty-two resected SCLC patients were included in this study. We evaluated p300, CBP and MLL expression by immunohistochemistry.', 'Patients with high p300 expression had shorter OS and DFS than those with low p300 expression (p = 0.01; p = 0.009, respectively). The patients with CBP-positive tumors had significantly lower OS and DFS than those with CBP-negative tumors (p = 0.005 and p = 0.007, respectively). Moreover, the p300- and CBP-positive (+) group had a significantly poor OS and DFS. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high p300 and CBP expression are independent markers of poor overall survival (p = 0.006; p = 0.017, respectively) in operable SCLC patients.']\nQuestion: Is expression of p300 and CBP associated with poor prognosis in small cell lung cancer?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Investigate the effect of GC-1 on tolerance to exercise in rats with experimental hypothyroidism.', 'Hypothyroidism was induced with methimazole sodium and perchlorate treatment. Six groups with eight animals were studied: control group (C), hypothyroid group without treatment (HYPO); hypothyroidism treated with physiological doses of tetraiodothyronine (T4) or 10 times higher (10×T4); hypothyroidism treated with equal molar doses of GC-1 (GC-1) or 10 times higher (10×GC-1). After eight weeks, each animal underwent an exercise tolerance test by measuring the time (seconds), in which the rats were swimming with a load attached to their tails without being submerging for more than 10 sec. After the test, the animals were killed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and the heart and soleus muscle were removed for weighing and morphometric analysis of the cardiomyocyte.', 'Hypothyroidism significantly reduced tolerance to exercise and, treatment with GC-1 1× or T4 in physiological doses recover tolerance test to normal parameters. However, high doses of T4 also decreased tolerance to physical exercise. Conversely, ten times higher doses of GC-1 did not impair tolerance to exercise. Interestingly, hypothyroidism, treated or not with T4 in a physiological range, GC-1 or even high doses of GC-1 (10X) did not change cardiomyocyte diameters and relative weight of the soleus muscle. In contrast, higher doses of T4 significantly increased cardiomyocyte diameter and induced atrophy of the soleus muscle.']\nQuestion: Does the thyroid hormone receptor β-selective agonist GC-1 affect tolerance to exercise in hypothyroid rats?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['This study was performed to determine the utility of dobutamine stress test results for predicting myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac death in patients with chest pain and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).', 'Three hundred fifty-three participants with a mean+/-SD age of 64+/-12 years (54%men) underwent dobutamine cardiovascular magnetic resonance stress testing and then were followed up for 6+/-2 years (mean+/-SD; range, 0.5-11.5) to assess the post-dobutamine cardiovascular magnetic resonance stress test occurrence of MI or cardiac death. LV mass and the presence or absence of ischemia were determined; LVH was defined as an LV mass index >96 g/m(2) in men and >77 g/m(2) in women. LVH was present in 62 participants (18% of the men and 17% of the women, P=0.90). Seventy-one (20%) participants experienced an MI or cardiac death during follow-up. The MI and cardiac death rate was more frequent in those with versus without LVH (32% vs 17%, P=0.009). In multivariable analysis that accounted for the presence of preexisting coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, stress-induced ischemia, and reduced LV ejection fraction, LVH was an independent predictor of MI and cardiac death (hazard ratio=1.99; 95% CI, 1.13-3.50; P=0.02).']\nQuestion: Does left ventricular hypertrophy influence cardiac prognosis in patients undergoing dobutamine cardiac stress testing?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['After menopause, rapid bone mass loss occurs in response to hypoestrogenism. Several studies suggest that muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD) are positively associated in postmenopausal women. Therefore, it may be assumed that postmenopausal low appendicular muscle mass (aMM) can increase BMD loss in a short period of time.', 'The purpose of this study was to assess relationship of aMM with femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women.', 'Prospective, controlled clinical Trial including 64 women aged 45-70 years, who had not had their last menstruation for at least one year. Subjects were divided into two groups: low aMM (n = 32), and normal aMM (n-32). Femoral neck BMD and muscle mass were measured by DXA at baseline and after twelve months. Pairwise and independent t tests were used for data analysis.', 'Baseline weight, BMI and muscle mass (total and appendicular) significantly differ between groups (p < 0.05). After twelve months, femoral neck BMD was significantly lower in the group with low aMM, whereas no significant difference was observed in the group with normal aMM (p < 0.05).']\nQuestion: Is low appendicular muscle mass correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density loss in postmenopausal women?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Temporomandibular pain is often accompanied by pathologic changes to joint retrodiscal tissues. The substantial representation of females in this condition has encouraged hypotheses which link genetic or hormonally induced abnormalities in tissue composition (type III collagen, type I collagen, type III/type I ratio) to the development of temporomandibular disorders. As this condition is often associated with a history of orofacial trauma, we investigated the functional impact of retrodiscal trauma on the composition and biomechanics of retrodiscal tissues.', 'Retrodiscal tissue of female goats received trauma or sham trauma. Following a healing period of 30 days, the tissues were pulled to failure on an extensometer.', 'Assessments were made of tissue biomechanical properties (failure force, elastic stiffness, strain distribution). Tissue fragments were assayed for collagens I and III.', 'Thirty days after surgical section of retrodiscal tissues, the tissue had reformed, but the composition and biomechanics were substantially changed. Healed tissue manifested less than half the strength of normal tissue (P = 0.02). In addition, the development of tissue strain shifted from a relatively even distribution to a confined region near the retrodiscal-discal attachment zone. It appeared that a large increase in the expression of type III collagen (179.6%; P = 0.038) and the ratio of type III/type I collagen (180.9%; P = 0.011) accounted for these functional changes.']\nQuestion: Does trauma modify strength and composition of retrodiscal tissues of the goat temporomandibular joint?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Treatment of hypertension has been shown to reduce mortality and cardiovascular events in high risk hypertension. However, there is a paucity of evidence on benefit of management for hypertension in patients with low cardiovascular risk. We aimed to determine the benefit in reducing mortality for hypertensive patients without previous cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) or chronic kidney disease (CKD).', 'Hypertensive patients were selected from Korea National Health Insurance sample cohort, a retrospective cohort selected to be representative of the total eligible Korean population in 2002. The follow up data for up to 11 years until 2013 was analyzed. We analyzed 45120 subjects who did not have CKD, DM, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, stroke, and end stage renal disease at baseline. The subject population was divided into 3 groups: group 1: Subjects taking antihypertensive medications at baseline, group 2: Subjects started on anti-hypertensive medication during follow-up, and group 3: subjects who did not take anti-hypertensive medications during the follow-up period. The mortality rate and hazard ratio (HR) according to hypertension treatment were determined.', 'In 2002, 9938 subjects were not take anti-hypertensive medications and 35182 subjects were taking anti-hypertensive medications. During the follow-up period, anti-hypertensive medication was started on 7756 subjects whereas 2182 subjects remained untreated. Median follow-up duration was 133 months. The mortality rates were 16.4% in group 1, 17.9% in group 2, and 25.5% in group 3. The Kaplan Meier curves revealed a significant difference for mortality between the 3 groups (log-rank p\\u200a<\\u200a0.001). In multivariate Cox analysis, group 1 (HR\\u200a=\\u200a0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.45; p\\u200a<\\u200a0.001) and group 2 (HR\\u200a=\\u200a0.37; 95% CI, 0.34-0.41; p\\u200a<\\u200a0.001) were independently associated with reduced mortality after adjustment for age and sex.']\nQuestion: Is oS 22-01Treatment of Hypertension with Low Cardiovascular Risk associated with significantly lowered mortality?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate the potential of a pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) peptide 44-mer to promote limbal regeneration in a rabbit partial limbal deficiency model.', 'Limbal excision (180°) was created surgically, and topical application of 44-mer-containing ointment once a day for 2 weeks was started immediately after injury. Limbal barrier function was inspected at 2 and 6 months after treatment. Corneal neovascularization was observed under slit-lamp microscope. The presence of goblet cells on the corneal surface was examined using impression cytology. The resulting repair tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical staining with antibodies for putative limbal stem cell (LSC) markers ΔNp63α and ABCG2. Cells harvested from the regenerated tissue were analyzed for colony-forming capacity and expression of LSC markers by immunostaining assay and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).', 'Eyes treated with the 44-mer blocked vascularization and goblet cell migration onto the corneal surface. By means of immunohistochemical staining and cell isolation in the repair tissue, we showed that LSCs were widely distributed at the regenerated tissue after 44-mer treatment. The repaired limbus contributed robustly to corneal wound healing as effectively as undamaged limbus.']\nQuestion: Does pigment Epithelial-Derived Factor Peptide facilitate the Regeneration of a Functional Limbus in Rabbit Partial Limbal Deficiency?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of time to relapse in 188 adult patients with intermediate- or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) included on the Parma trial at the time of their first relapse.\", 'The median follow-up of these patients is 102 months after registration onto the Parma study. Time to relapse was calculated from initial diagnosis, and a cutoff of 12 months was used to separate 77 patients defined as early relapse from 111 patients defined as late relapse.', 'Patients with early and late relapses had significantly different overall response rates to salvage therapy with two courses of dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin (DHAP; 40% v 69%; P=.00007) and different 8-year survival rates (13% v 29%; P=.00001). Features at relapse with a negative prognostic value in univariate analysis were higher than normal lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, tumor size greater than 5 cm, Ann Arbor stages III to IV, and Karnofsky score less than 80%. Therefore, multivariate analyses were performed. Time to relapse (P=.001) and LDH levels at relapse (P=.003) had independent prognostic value, whereas tumor size did not reach statistical significance in the logistic model that predicted overall response after two courses of DHAP. The study of prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) confirmed the prognostic value of time to relapse (P < .0001 for OS and P=.005 for PFS) independent of response or treatment after two courses of DHAP.']\nQuestion: Does time to relapse have prognostic value in patients with aggressive lymphoma enrolled onto the Parma trial?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Given that vagal afferents project to brainstem regions that promote alertness, the authors tested the hypothesis that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) would improve daytime sleepiness in patients with epilepsy.', 'Sixteen subjects with medically refractory seizures underwent polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) and completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a measure of subjective daytime sleepiness, before and after 3 months of VNS. Most subjects (>80%) were maintained on constant doses of antiepileptic medications.', 'In the 15 subjects who completed baseline and treatment MSLT, the mean sleep latency (MSL) improved from 6.4 +/- 4.1 minutes to 9.8 +/- 5.8 minutes (+/- SD; p = 0.033), indicating reduced daytime sleepiness. All subjects with stimulus intensities of < or =1.5 mA showed improved MSL. In the 16 subjects who completed baseline and treatment ESS, the mean ESS score decreased from 7.2 +/- 4.4 to 5.6 +/- 4.5 points (p = 0.049). Improvements in MSLT and ESS were not correlated with reduction in seizure frequency. Sleep-onset REM periods occurred more frequently in treatment naps as compared to baseline naps (p < 0.008; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test). The amount of REM sleep or other sleep stages recorded on overnight polysomnography did not change with VNS treatment.']\nQuestion: Does vagus nerve stimulation reduce daytime sleepiness in epilepsy patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"The generic drugs program provided a better population's access to medicines. To ensure interchangeability between a brand-name and generic or similar drugs is necessary that they are bioequivalent. With the growing number of generic drugs, it is common for patients to replace a generic to another or one similar. However, this exchange can not guarantee the maintenance of bioequivalence. To evaluate the safety interchangeability between different generic and similar drugs with Hydrochlorothiazide and Enalapril Maleate, a meta-analysis was carried out with several bioequivalence studies with these drugs.\", 'Data from bioequivalence of generic and similar drugs approved by the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) (drug regulatory agency in Brazil) were used. The compatibility of data from each study was analyzed and the determination of a confidence interval for the differences between the means of pharmacokinetic parameters, area under the curve (ASC0-t) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), was made for each study by meta-analysis.', 'The interchangeability between the combinations of the three products with Hydrochlorothiazide was confirmed based on the obtained confidence intervals. For the drugs studied with Enalapril Maleate interchangeability has not been confirmed for 50% of the product comparisons.']\nQuestion: Is meta-analysis for bioequivalence studies : interchangeability of generic drugs and similar containing Hydrochlorothiazide possible but not with Enalapril Maleate?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge and depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Current evidence suggests that there is an association between depressive symptoms and TB, lower adherence to treatment, and increased morbidity and mortality. However, there is paucity of data regarding these associations in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of depression in adult patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) in the Southwest Region of Cameroon.', 'A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 265 patients with PTB was conducted from 2(nd) January to 31(st) March 2015 in the Limbe Regional Hospital and the Kumba District Hospital. Depression was diagnosed using the standard nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and classified as none, mild or moderate. Logistic regressions were used to investigate correlates of depression in these patients.', 'Of the 265 patients (mean age 36.9\\u2009±\\u200910\\xa0years) studied, 136 (51.3\\xa0%) were female. The prevalence of depression was 61.1\\xa0% (95\\xa0% CI: 55.1-66.8), with a significant proportion (36.6\\xa0%) having mild depression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being female (aOR\\u2009=\\u20093.0, 95\\xa0% CI (1.7-5.5), P\\u2009<\\u20090.001), having a family history of mental illness (aOR\\u2009=\\u20092.5, 95\\xa0% CI: 1.3-5.4, P\\u2009>\\u20090.05), being on retreatment for TB (aOR\\u2009=\\u200911.2, 95\\xa0% CI: 5.2-31.1, P\\u2009<\\u20090.001), having discontinued treatment (aOR\\u2009=\\u20098.2, 95\\xa0% CI: 1.1-23.3, P\\u2009<\\u20090.05) and having a HIV/TB co-infection (aOR\\u2009=\\u20092.5, 95\\xa0% CI: 1.2-6.5, P\\u2009<\\u20090.001) were factors associated with having a higher chance of being depressed.']\nQuestion: Does prevalence and correlate of depressive symptoms in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Southwest Region of Cameroon?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Membrane potential changes in cells from the human lymphoid B cell line, JY, evoked by increasing cell density in culture were investigated, as data published on other cell types are controversial. An attempt was also made to clear the underlying mechanism.', 'Nonadherent JY cells were isolated from high-density plateau-phase cultures (type A cells), medium-density log-phase cultures (type B cells), and low-density lag-phase cultures (type C cells). They were analyzed for transmembrane potential, intracellular free concentration of potassium and sodium, membrane permeability for monovalent cations, cell cycle distribution by measuring DNA content, and glucose uptake.', 'C type cells proved to be relatively depolarized (-41 +/- 3 mV) and cells obtained from the highest density cultures hyperpolarized (-60 +/- 3 mV). Intracellular concentrations ([K](i) = 92-97 mM and [Na](i) = 34-35 mM) were almost identical for each type of cell. The sodium/potassium permeability constant ratio in the A and C type of cells was 0.047 and 0.094, respectively. High-density culture conditions resulted in a pronounced G(1)-phase arrest.']\nQuestion: Do membrane permeability changes induce hyperpolarization in transformed lymphoid cells under high-density culture conditions?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To test whether the status of positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA detection adds to the predictive value of IL28B and to further categorize C/T allele carriers.', 'This study included 166 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients who received combined interferon and ribavirin therapy for 48 wk, 84 spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) resolvers who were positive for IgG anti-HCV antibody and negative for HCV RNA, and 100 healthy subjects who were negative for both HCV antibodies and RNA as controls. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was used for IL28B rs.12979860 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and CMV DNA detection. A 139 bp fragment containing IL28B SNP was amplified in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction using a specifically designed primer. Then the IL28B rs.12979860 SNP was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping. The presence of CMV DNA was tested by amplification of the gB1 gene using nested polymerase chain reaction. The role of CMV and IL28B rs.12979860 SNP genotypes in determining the response rate to combined interferon therapy and clinical status of patients were statistically analyzed.', 'Current data showed that 67% of patients carrying the IL28B 12979860 C/C allele had a sustained viral response (SVR) while the genotypes C/T and TT were associated with lower SVR rates, 50% and 48%, respectively. SVR rates for the C/C allele were lower than other HCV genotypes and/or other populations. Genotype CC was associated with the response to interferon (P = 0.025). Genotype C/C was reduced from 48% in controls to 14% in CHC patients suggesting its protective role against progression to chronicity. The majority of spontaneously cleared subjects (86%) were C/C, confirming its protective role. The C/T allele was present in 71% of CHC patients compared with 38% of controls, so the use of IL28B SNP genotyping only in these patients may be of little value as a predictor of response. CMV reactivation occurred in 40% of CHC patients. Co-infection with CMV seriously diminished the response to interferon (IFN) therapy, with SVR rates in C/C genotypes 87.5% in CMV-negative patients and 12.5% in CMV-positive patients (P < 0.0001). SVR rates among C/T carriers were reduced to < 50% in patients with positive CMV DNA while the non-response rate doubled. These data indicate that a supplemental assay for CMV viremia adds to the prognostic value of IL28B genotyping.']\nQuestion: Do iL28B polymorphism and cytomegalovirus predict response to treatment in Egyptian HCV type 4 patients?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['A severe and challenging complication in the treatment of hemophilia A is the development of inhibiting antibodies (inhibitors) directed towards factor VIII (FVIII). Inhibitors aggravate bleeding complications, disabilities and costs. The etiology of inhibitor development is incompletely understood.', 'In a large cohort study in patients with mild/moderate hemophilia A we evaluated the role of genotype and intensive FVIII exposure in inhibitor development.', 'Longitudinal clinical data from 138 mild/moderate hemophilia A patients were retrospectively collected from 1 January 1980 to 1 January 2008 and analyzed by multivariate analysis using Poisson regression.', 'Genotyping demonstrated the Arg593Cys missense mutation in 52 (38%) patients; the remaining 86 patients had 26 other missense mutations. Sixty-three (46%) patients received intensive FVIII concentrate administration, 41 of them for surgery. Ten patients (7%) developed inhibitors, eight of them carrying the Arg593Cys mutation. Compared with the other patients, those with the Arg593Cys mutation had a 10-fold increased risk of developing inhibitors (RR 10; 95% CI, 0.9-119).The other two inhibitor patients had the newly detected mutations Pro1761Gln and Glu2228Asp. In both these patients and in five patients with genotype Arg593Cys, inhibitors developed after intensive peri-operative use of FVIII concentrate (RR 186; 95% CI, 25-1403). In five of the 10 inhibitor patients FVIII was administered by continuous infusion during surgery (RR 13; 95% CI, 1.9-86).']\nQuestion: Are intensive peri-operative use of factor VIII and the Arg593 -- > Cys mutation risk factors for inhibitor development in mild/moderate hemophilia A?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Increasing evidence on associations between mental health and chronic diseases like cardio-vascular disease and diabetes together with the fact that little is known about the prevalence of anxiety/depression and associated risk factors among Iraqi immigrants to Sweden, warrants a study in this group. The aim was to study the prevalence of anxiety and depression in immigrants from Iraq compared to native Swedes and compare socioeconomic and lifestyle-related factors associated with these conditions.', 'A population-based, cross-sectional study of residents of Malmö, Sweden, aged 30-75 years, born in Iraq or Sweden. The overall response rate was 49% for Iraqis and 32% for Swedes. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Associations were studied using multivariate logistic regression models. The outcome was odds of depression and/or anxiety.', 'Compared to Swedes (n\\u2009=\\u2009634), anxiety was three times as prevalent (52.6 vs. 16.3%, p\\u2009<\\u20090.001) and depression five times as prevalent (16.3 vs. 3.1%, p\\u2009<\\u20090.001) in Iraqi immigrants (n\\u2009=\\u20091255). Iraqis were three times more likely to be anxious and/or depressed compared to Swedes (odds ratio (OR) 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.06-4.41). Among Iraqis, physical inactivity (<150 min/week) (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.49-2.69), economic insecurity (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.56-3.01), inability to trust people (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.28-2.39) and smoking (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02-2.01), were strongly associated with anxiety/depression. Among Swedes, living alone (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.36-3.25) and economic insecurity (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.38-4.12) showed the strongest associations with anxiety/depression. Country of birth modified the effect of physical inactivity (P(interaction) =0.058) as well as of marital status (P(interaction) =0.001).']\nQuestion: Is physical inactivity strongly associated with anxiety and depression in Iraqi immigrants to Sweden : a cross-sectional study?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin stimulate growth of rodent pancreas in vivo. However, it remains unclear whether these growth effects are mediated specifically by CCK-A receptors, CCK-B receptors, or both. To clarify this issue, the present study examined the effect of highly selective and biologically active CCK agonists on pancreatic growth.', 'Rats were subcutaneously injected with either (1) CCK-8, a nonselective CCK agonist (2.50 micrograms/kg body wt); (2) A-71623, a selective CCK-A agonist, tert-butyl-oxycarbonyl-Trp-Lys (epsilon-N-2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)-Asp-(N-methyl)-Phe-NH2 (1.84 micrograms/kg body wt); (3) SNF-8815; a selective CCK-B agonist, [(2R,3S)-beta-MePhe28, N-MeNle31]CCK26-33 (2.40 micrograms/kg body wt); or (4) saline (control) for 21 days. Rats were killed, and pancreatic weight, protein content, RNA content, DNA content, protein-DNA ratio, RNA-DNA ratio, pancreatic area per nucleus, and number of mitoses per 10,000 acinar cells were determined.', 'Nonselective CCK agonist significantly increased pancreatic weight, protein, RNA, and DNA contents, and number of mitoses per 10,000 acinar cells. Likewise, selective CCK-A agonist significantly increased pancreatic weight, protein, RNA, and DNA contents, protein-DNA ratio, RNA-DNA ratio, pancreatic area per nucleus, and number of mitoses per 10,000 acinar cells. In contrast, selective and biologically active CCK-B agonist had no effect.']\nQuestion: Is stimulation of in vivo pancreatic growth in the rat mediated specifically by way of cholecystokinin-A receptors?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Characterize degree of weight loss with stage of diabetes and describe its effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese patients with and without diabetes.', 'Retrospective cohort analysis from patients participating in a long-term weight management protocol using diet, exercise, behavioral modification, and appetite-suppressant therapy. Patient groups, with (n = 19) and without diabetes (n = 19) were matched for age, gender, and weight before weight loss therapy. The effect of 12 months of therapy on weight, blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, and medication requirements were tested. Additionally, patients were grouped or staged based upon therapy required for control of diabetes at the beginning of weight loss intervention. Analysis of covariance described relationships between diabetes disease stage and weight loss at 12 months.', 'Nondiabetic patients had greater mean reduction in BMI than the diabetic group (7.98 kg/m2 vs. 4.77 kg/m2, p<0.01). A significant linear trend (p<0.001) for decreasing weight loss with stage of diabetes was observed. Blood pressure, lipid profile, and glycemia improved significantly. The average daily glyburide-equivalent dose decreased from 9.4 to 3.0 mg (p<0.01).']\nQuestion: Does diabetes disease stage predict weight loss outcomes with long-term appetite suppressants?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The role of angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor stimulation in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is still unclear. Therefore we examined the possibility that direct AT(2) receptor stimulation by compound 21 (C21) might contribute to possible insulin-sensitizing/anti-diabetic effects in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with PPARγ activation, mainly focusing on adipose tissue.', 'T2DM mice, KK-Ay, were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of C21 and/or a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662 in drinking water for 2 weeks. Insulin resistance was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and uptake of 2-[(3)H] deoxy-D-glucose in white adipose tissue. Morphological changes of adipose tissues as well as adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory response were examined.', 'Treatment with C21 ameliorated insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice without influencing blood pressure, at least partially through effects on the PPARγ pathway. C21 treatment increased serum adiponectin concentration and decreased TNF-α concentration; however, these effects were attenuated by PPARγ blockade by co-treatment with GW9662. Moreover, we observed that administration of C21 enhanced adipocyte differentiation and PPARγ DNA-binding activity, with a decrease in inflammation in white adipose tissue, whereas these effects of C21 were attenuated by co-treatment with GW9662. We also observed that administration of C21 restored β cell damage in diabetic pancreatic tissue.']\nQuestion: Does direct angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation ameliorate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mice with PPARγ activation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Given evidence of both indirect and direct signaling, we tested the hypothesis that increased beta-cell-mediated signaling of alpha-cells negates direct alpha-cell signaling in the regulation of glucagon secretion in humans.', 'We measured plasma glucagon concentrations before and after ingestion of a formula mixed meal and, on a separate occasion, ingestion of the sulfonylurea glimepiride in 24 basal insulin-infused, demonstrably beta-cell-deficient patients with type 1 diabetes and 20 nondiabetic, demonstrably beta-cell-sufficient individuals; the latter were infused with glucose to prevent hypoglycemia after glimepiride.', 'After the mixed meal, plasma glucagon concentrations increased from 22 +/- 1 pmol/l (78 +/- 4 pg/ml) to 30 +/- 2 pmol/l (103 +/- 7 pg/ml) in the patients with type 1 diabetes but were unchanged from 27 +/- 1 pmol/l (93 +/- 3 pg/ml) to 26 +/- 1 pmol/l (89 +/- 3 pg/ml) in the nondiabetic individuals (P < 0.0001). After glimepiride, plasma glucagon concentrations increased from 24 +/- 1 pmol/l (83 +/- 4 pg/ml) to 26 +/- 1 pmol/l (91 +/- 4 pg/ml) in the patients with type 1 diabetes and decreased from 28 +/- 1 pmol/l (97 +/- 5 pg/ml) to 24 +/- 1 pmol/l (82 +/- 4 pg/ml) in the nondiabetic individuals (P < 0.0001). Thus, in the presence of both beta-cell and alpha-cell secretory stimuli (increased amino acid and glucose levels, a sulfonylurea) glucagon secretion was prevented when beta-cell secretion was sufficient but not when beta-cell secretion was deficient.']\nQuestion: Does beta-cell-mediated signaling predominate over direct alpha-cell signaling in the regulation of glucagon secretion in humans?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Large admission DWI lesion volumes are associated with poor outcomes despite acute stroke treatment. The primary aims of our study were to determine whether CTA collaterals correlate with admission DWI lesion volumes in patients with AIS with proximal occlusions, and whether a CTA collateral profile could identify large DWI volumes with high specificity.', 'We studied 197 patients with AIS with M1 and/or intracranial ICA occlusions. We segmented admission and follow-up DWI lesion volumes, and categorized CTA collaterals by using a 5-point CS system. ROC analysis was used to determine CS accuracy in predicting DWI lesion volumes >100 mL. Patients were dichotomized into 2 categories: CS = 0 (malignant profile) or CS>0. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare imaging and clinical variables between these 2 groups.', 'There was a negative correlation between CS and admission DWI lesion volume (ρ = -0.54, P < .0001). ROC analysis revealed that CTA CS was a good discriminator of DWI lesion volume >100 mL (AUC = 0.84, P < .001). CS = 0 had 97.6% specificity and 54.5% sensitivity for DWI volume >100 mL. CS = 0 patients had larger mean admission DWI volumes (165.8 mL versus 32.7 mL, P < .001), higher median NIHSS scores (21 versus 15, P < .001), and were more likely to become functionally dependent at 3 months (95.5% versus 64.0%, P = .003). Admission NIHSS score was the only independent predictor of a malignant CS (P = .007).']\nQuestion: Is malignant CTA collateral profile highly specific for large admission DWI infarct core and poor outcome in acute stroke?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['It has been previously reported that IL-22, one of the cytokines secreted by Th17 cells, demonstrates both a protective and inflammatory promotion effect in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through STAT3 signaling activation. We sought to investigate the role of IL-22 expression in colon cancer (CC).', 'The expression of IL-22 and related molecules were detected in human CC, the detail function and mechanism of IL-22 were investigated by in vivo and in vitro model.', 'Our results demonstrated significant upregulation of IL-22 in human CC tumor infiltrated leukocytes (TILs) compared to peripheral lymphocytes. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that IL-22 expression was significantly higher in ulcerative colitis (UC) tissues versus normal colon tissues. Both IL-22 receptor α1 (IL-22RA1) and IL-23 were highly expressed in CC and UC tissues compared to normal controls. TILs exhibiting various IL-22 expression levels isolated from CC patients were demonstrated to enhance tumor growth and metastasis co-transplanted with Hct-116 cells underwent subcutaneous transplantation in mice model. Tumor growth and metastasis was promoted by STAT3 phosphorylation and upregulation of its downstream genes such as Bcl-xl, CyclinD1, and VEGF. In vitro studies confirmed the anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferation effect of IL-22 according to the BrdU cooperation assay and peroxide induced apoptosis analysis with or without the presence of IL-22.']\nQuestion: Is iL-22 related to development of human colon cancer by activation of STAT3?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Nothing by mouth (NPO) is the standard treatment for small-bowel obstruction. Whether oral medications should be prohibited during treatment of adhesive, partial small-bowel obstruction is unclear. The goal of this study was to determine whether a combination of specific oral medications in adhesive, partial small-bowel obstruction will decrease the need for operative intervention.', 'Of 266 consecutive adult patients with partial small-bowel obstruction admitted at a tertiary medical center, 236 were randomized into 2 groups. Group I patients were treated with intravenous hydration, nasogastric tube decompression, and NPO. Group II patients were placed on intravenous hydration, nasogastric tube decompression, and oral fluids incorporating an oral laxative, a digestant, and a defoaming agent. We compared differences between the groups in (1) the number of patients having a successful nonoperative treatment, (2) complications, and (3) recurrence of symptoms.', 'A total of 116 and 120 patients comprised groups I and II, respectively. The number of patients treated successfully by a nonoperative approach was less in group I than in group II (77% vs 90%, P < .01). The complications and recurrence rate for groups I and II did not differ (4% vs 5% and 5% vs 4%, respectively).']\nQuestion: Do specific oral medications decrease the need for surgery in adhesive partial small-bowel obstruction?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To assess the influence of massive brain injury on pulmonary susceptibility to injury attending subsequent mechanical or ischemia/reperfusion stress.', 'Prospective experimental study.', 'Animal research laboratory.', 'Twenty-four anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits randomized to control (n = 12) or induced brain injury (n = 12) group.', 'After randomization, brain injury was induced by inflation of an intracranial balloon-tipped catheter, and animals were ventilated with a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg and zero end-expiratory pressure for 120 mins. Following heart-lung block extraction, isolated and perfused lungs were subjected to injurious ventilation with peak airway pressure 30 cm H2O and positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cm H2O for 30 mins.', 'No difference was observed between groups in gas exchange, lung mechanics, or hemodynamics during the 2-hr in vivo period following induction of brain injury. However, after 30 mins of ex vivo injurious mechanical ventilation, lungs from the brain injury group showed greater change in ultrafiltration coefficient, weight gain, and alveolar hemorrhage (all p < .05).']\nQuestion: Does massive brain injury enhance lung damage in an isolated lung model of ventilator-induced lung injury?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate the association between the presence of Porphyromonas\\xa0gingivalis-induced immunoglobulin G antibodies and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level.', 'A total of 108 individuals were examined. The presence of P.\\xa0gingivalis was detected using primers designed to target the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Peripheral blood was collected from each subject to determine the levels of P.\\xa0gingivalis-induced IgG1 and IgG2 serum antibodies. The HDL levels were determined using fully enzymatic methods.', 'A higher proportion of periodontitis patients had high levels of P.\\xa0gingivalis-induced IgG1 and IgG2, and the proportion of subjects with a HDL level of <\\xa035\\xa0md/dL was higher in the group of chronic periodontitis patients. In the unadjusted regression model, the presence of high levels of P.\\xa0gingivalis-induced IgG2 was associated with a HDL level of <\\xa035\\xa0md/dL. The adjusted model indicated that periodontitis patients with high levels of P.\\xa0gingivalis-induced IgG2 showed 3.2 more chances of having pathological HDL levels (odds ratio\\xa0=\\xa03.2, 95% confidence interval\\xa0=\\xa01.2-9.8).']\nQuestion: Are high levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced immunoglobulin G2 associated with lower high-density lipoprotein levels in chronic periodontitis?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['After major trauma and sepsis, patients frequently show a decreased blood glutamine (Gln) level. Gln deprivation has been shown to induce apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated whether the Gln level also affects the susceptibility of monocytic cells to apoptosis.', 'Human monocytic U937 cells were suspended in a Gln-free medium, exposed for 20 minutes to either tumor necrosis factor alpha, Fas ligand, heat shock, or UV irradiation and allowed to recover for 4 hours or 24 hours. Apoptosis was measured by annexin-V assay and confirmed by nuclear condensation. The activation of caspase-3 was determined by Western blot.', 'When induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha, Fas ligand, or heat shock, the apoptosis rate was significantly lower (50%-60%) in the presence of Gln than in the absence of Gln (P <.02). However, Gln had no effect on UV irradiation-induced apoptosis. Caspase-3 was activated by all inducers and was independent of Gln.']\nQuestion: Does glutamine deficiency render human monocytic cells more susceptible to specific apoptosis triggers?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are one of the most valuable biomaterials for uses as the bone scaffold owing to their outstanding biocompatability, bioactivity, and biodegradation nature. In particular, these materials with an open porous structure can stimulate bone ingrowth into their 3-dimensionally interconnected pores. However, the creation of pores in bulk materials would inevitably cause a severe reduction in mechanical properties. Thus, it is a challenge to explore new ways of improving the mechanical properties of porous CaP scaffolds without scarifying their high porosity.', 'Porous CaP ceramic scaffolds with aligned pores were successfully produced using ceramic/camphene-based co-extrusion. This aligned porous structure allowed for the achievement of high compressive strength when tested parallel to the direction of aligned pores. In addition, the overall porosity and mechanical properties of the aligned porous CaP ceramic scaffolds could be tailored simply by adjusting the initial CaP content in the CaP/camphene slurry. The porous CaP scaffolds showed excellent in vitro biocompatibility, suggesting their potential as the bone scaffold.']\nQuestion: Does production of porous Calcium Phosphate ( CaP ) ceramics with aligned pore using ceramic/camphene-based co-extrusion?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To examine the effect of the epsilon 4 allele on cognitive decline in the oldest old.', 'We studied all 601 citizens of the city of Vantaa age 85 years and older in 1991. A total of 553 subjects (92%) took part in the study, which used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and assessment of dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third ed., revised (DSM-III-R) criteria. The survivors were re-examined 3 years later. APOE genotype was determined in 510 subjects, representing 83.2% of the original population.', 'Approximately one-half of the subjects (n = 250) died before the follow-up, and 253 subjects (97.3% of the survivors) were re-examined. The occurrence of the APOE epsilon 4 allele did not have any significant effect on survival. Of the 187 previously nondemented subjects, 58 (31%) had developed dementia. The OR for the epsilon 4 carriers to develop dementia was not significant: OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 0.88 to 3.60. In individuals with a follow-up MMSE score (n = 222), the mean decline in the score was 3.1 points. APOE epsilon 4 carrier status did not have a significant effect on the mean MMSE change except in the previously demented subjects, among whom the drop was larger in the APOE epsilon 4 carriers.']\nQuestion: Does aPOE epsilon4 predict mortality , cognitive decline , or dementia in the oldest old?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To study the relative roles of androgens and the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I (GH-IGF-I) system in the regulation of erythropoiesis in boys during puberty.', 'We treated 23 boys with constitutional delay of puberty with low-dose testosterone (T), in combination with either a potent aromatase inhibitor, letrozole (Lz; 2.5 mg/d), or placebo (P). The study design was randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled between the treated groups. Treatment with T + Lz was associated with high T and low IGF-I concentrations, whereas treatment with T + P resulted in moderately increased T and high IGF-I concentrations.', 'The blood hemoglobin concentration increased by 1.6 g/dL in T + Lz-treated boys, despite their low IGF-I concentrations. The estimated red blood cell volume increased more in T + Lz-treated than in T + P-treated boys (349 vs 174 mL, respectively, P = .01). Serum T concentrations during the treatment period correlated with the 12-month increments in hemoglobin and red blood cell volume. The changes in blood hemoglobin concentration and RBC in T + Lz-treated boys were similar to those we observed in a population of normal adolescent boys in the late stages of puberty.']\nQuestion: Is pubertal upregulation of erythropoiesis in boys determined primarily by androgen?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: [\"Clusterin (CLU), also known as Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) is a highly glycosylated extracellular chaperone. In humans it is expressed from a broad spectrum of tissues and related to a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis and cancer. In its dominant form it is expressed as a secretory protein (secreted CLU, sCLU). During its maturation, the sCLU-precursor is N-glycosylated and cleaved into an α- and a β-chain, which are connected by five symmetrical disulfide bonds. Recently, it has been demonstrated that besides the predominant sCLU, rare intracellular CLU forms are expressed in stressed cells. Since these forms do not enter or complete the secretory pathway, they are not proteolytically modified and show either no or only core glycosylation. Due to their sparsity, these intracellular forms are functionally poorly characterized. To evaluate the function(s) of these stress-related intracellular forms, we investigate for the first time the impact of proteolytic cleavage, differential glycosylation and the influence of the redox environment on the chaperone activity of CLU.\", 'Non-cleavable sCLU was generated by expression from a mutant construct of sCLU, in which the furin-like proprotein convertase (PC) recognition site was modified. After purification of recombinant uncleaved sCLU from the medium of over-expressing cells, we performed chaperone activity assays to compare the activities of wild-type (cleaved) and uncleaved mutant sCLU. Additionally, this approach enabled us to investigate the role of carbohydrates, the proteolytic maturation and reducing conditions on CLU chaperone activity. Further, we characterized the differentially treated CLU forms by using MALDI-TOF, CD-spectroscopy and Western blotting in addition to the functional assay.', 'We show that the PC-cleavage is dispensable for sCLU chaperone activity. Moreover, our data demonstrate that while fully deglycosylated sCLU lacks chaperone activity, partially deglycosylated sCLU is still capable of solubilizing target proteins. Most importantly, we here demonstrate for the first time that uncleaved sCLU is highly sensitive towards reducing conditions.']\nQuestion: Is the chaperone activity of clusterin dependent on glycosylation and redox environment?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The present study was aimed at evaluating the outcome of pregnancies with nuchal cord.', 'A retrospective population-based study of all deliveries during the years 1988-2003 in a tertiary medical center was conducted. Immediate perinatal outcome of patients with and without nuchal cord was compared.', 'Of 166,318 deliveries during the study period, 14.7% had a nuchal cord, documented at birth (n=24,392). Higher rates of labor induction and non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns were noted among pregnancies with nuchal cord as compared with the control group (30.1% vs. 24.2%; OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.3-1.4, P<0.001 and 4.5% vs. 2.6%; OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.6-1.9, P<0.001; respectively). The cesarean delivery rate was significantly lower among pregnancies with nuchal cord (11.5% vs. 12.7%; OR=0.9, 95% CI 0.8-0.9, P=0.001). Although 1 min Apgar scores lower than 7 were more common in pregnancies with nuchal cord (4.8% vs. 4.4%; OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.01-1.2, P=0.008), these pregnancies actually had lower rates of 5 min Apgar scores less than 7 (0.5% vs. 0.7%; OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.6-0.9, P=0.004). Likewise, the perinatal mortality rate was significantly lower in pregnancies with nuchal cord as compared with the comparison group (11/1,000 vs. 16/1,000; OR=0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8, P=0.001).']\nQuestion: Is nuchal cord associated with adverse perinatal outcome?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['This is an analysis assessing clinical results after treatment with punctum Plugs in dry-eye patients stubborn to usual treatment.', 'We analysed retrospectively data from 60 patients treated by fitting in 1 to 4 silicone plugs in canaliculi.', 'This study allowed to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the method, notably according to the selection criteria of patients and to the number of plugs inserted.']\nQuestion: Does [ Alternative treatment of dry eyes by punctum plugs -- result in 60 patients ]?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['After massive small bowel resection (SBR), enterocyte apoptosis is elevated and inversely correlates with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether EGFR manipulation affects the expression of specific bcl-2 family members.', 'A 50% proximal SBR or sham operation was performed in 3 groups of mice control, after exogenous EGF, or mutant mice with defective EGFR signaling (waved-2). Apoptotic index (no. of apoptotic bodies per crypt), and bax (pro-apoptosis) and bcl-w (anti-apoptosis) protein expression was measured in the remnant ileum after 12, 24, and 72 hours.', 'Waved-2 mice with defective EGFR showed the greatest increase in apoptosis and altered the ratio of bax to bcl-w in favor of apoptosis after SBR. Conversely, EGF prevented the expected increase in apoptosis after SBR by shifting the ratio of bax to bcl-w in favor of cell survival.']\nQuestion: Does eGF receptor signaling affect bcl-2 family gene expression and apoptosis after massive small bowel resection?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Protein-energy malnutrition remains a major public health problem in many countries. Scanty information is available about the effects of malnutrition during childhood on blood pressure (BP).', 'In a cross-sectional study we assessed the BP of 172 children older than 2 years living in shantytowns in São Paulo city. Ninety-one children were malnourished (height-for-age or weight-for-age Z-score below -1 of the NCHS references); 20 had recovered from malnutrition after an average time of 6.4 years, and 61 were non-malnourished controls.', 'A greater percentage of children in the malnourished and recovered groups had increased systolic or diastolic BP (>95th percentile of the Update of the 2nd Task Force references) after adjusting for age, sex and height, compared to the controls (29, 20 and 2%, respectively, p < 0.001). Mean diastolic BP, adjusted for age, sex, race, weight, height and birth weight, was significantly increased in malnourished and recovered children compared to controls (65.2 +/- 0.6, 66.5 +/- 1.5, and 61.8 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, respectively, p < 0.01).']\nQuestion: Is malnutrition associated with increased blood pressure in childhood?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The antioxidant glutathione fulfills many important roles during plant development, growth and defense in the sporophyte, however the role of this important molecule in the gametophyte generation is largely unclear. Bioinformatic data indicate that critical control enzymes are negligibly transcribed in pollen and sperm cells. Therefore, we decided to investigate the role of glutathione synthesis for pollen germination in vitro in Arabidopsis thaliana accession Col-0 and in the glutathione deficient mutant pad2-1 and link it with glutathione status on the subcellular level.', 'The depletion of glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, reduced pollen germination rates to 2-5% compared to 71% germination in wildtype controls. The application of reduced glutathione (GSH), together with BSO, restored pollen germination and glutathione contents to control values, demonstrating that inhibition of glutathione synthesis is responsible for the decrease of pollen germination in vitro. The addition of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to media containing BSO restored pollen germination to control values, which demonstrated that glutathione depletion in pollen grains triggered disturbances in auxin metabolism which led to inhibition of pollen germination.']\nQuestion: Is glutathione synthesis essential for pollen germination in vitro?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a greater rate of cardiovascular mortality when compared with the general population. The soluble form of TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and monocyte chemoattractan protein 1 (MCP-1) play important roles in cellular proliferation, migration and apoptosis. The current study aimed to analyze whether soluble TWEAK (sTWEAK) and MCP-1 levels are associated with the severity of coronary arterial disease (CAD) in CKD patients.', 'Ninety-seven patients diagnosed with CKD stages 2-3 according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate and the presence of kidney injury were included in the study. Plasma sTWEAK and MCP-1 concentrations were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. Coronary angiographies were performed through femoral artery access using the Judkins technique.', 'Correlation analysis of sTWEAK and Gensini scores showed significant association (p\\u2009<\\u20090.01, r(2)\\u2009=\\u20090.287). Also significant correlation has been found in MCP-1 levels and Gensini scores (p\\u2009<\\u20090.01, r(2)\\u2009=\\u20090.414). When patients were divided into two groups with a limit of 17 according to their Gensini score, sTWEAK levels indicated a statistically significant difference (p\\u2009<\\u20090.01).']\nQuestion: Are mCP-1 and soluble TWEAK levels independently associated with coronary artery disease severity in patients with chronic kidney disease?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To assess the analgesic and side effects of the continuous epidural infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine combined with morphine compared to both drugs alone.', 'In this study, both observers and patients were blinded to patient group assignment. Sixty patients scheduled to undergo lower abdominal surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomized to one of three postoperative treatment groups: 1) combination group (a combination of 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.003% morphine); 2) morphine group (0.003% morphine); or 3) ropivacaine group (0.2% ropivacaine). Postoperatively, all solutions were administered epidurally at a rate of 6 mL.hr(-1) for 24 hr. Patients were given iv flurbiprofen as a supplemental analgesic on demand.', 'The combination group showed lower visual analogue scale scores than those of patients receiving either drug alone, both at rest and on coughing. The combination group showed a slight motor block at two hours after the continuous epidural infusion, while the ropivacaine and morphine groups did not show any motor block. The incidence of itching was significantly increased in the morphine and combination groups, compared to the ropivacaine group. There was no significant difference between the numbers of patients with nausea in the three groups. No hypotension or respiratory complications were observed in the three groups.']\nQuestion: Does the addition of epidural morphine to ropivacaine improve epidural analgesia after lower abdominal surgery?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Nodes of Ranvier correspond to specialized axonal domains where voltage-gated sodium channels are highly concentrated. In the peripheral nervous system, they are covered by Schwann cells microvilli, where three homologous cytoskeletal-associated proteins, ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM proteins) have been found, to be enriched. These glial processes are thought to play a crucial role in organizing axonal nodal domains during development. However, little is known about the molecules present in Schwann cell processes that could mediate axoglial interactions. The aim of this study is to identify by immunocytochemistry transmembrane proteins enriched in Schwann cells processes that could interact, directly or indirectly, with axonal proteins.', 'We show that syndecan-3 (S3) and syndecan-4 (S4), two proteoglycans expressed in Schwann cells, are enriched in perinodal processes in rat sciatic nerves. S3 labeling was localized in close vicinity of sodium channels as early as post-natal day 2, and highly concentrated at nodes of Ranvier in the adult. S4 immunoreactivity accumulated at nodes later, and was also prominent in internodal regions of myelinated fibers. Both S3 and S4 were co-localized with ezrin in perinodal processes.']\nQuestion: Are syndecan-3 and syndecan-4 enriched in Schwann cell perinodal processes?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['We evaluated whether clofarabine-containing chemotherapy predisposed patients to hepatic toxicity (particularly venoocclusive disease [VOD]) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). In the group who received clofarabine and subsequent transplantation, there were no cases of VOD, and liver toxicity was comparable to a control group who received standard acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy. Other transplant-specific outcomes, including overall survival (OS), were also similar when compared with the control group.', 'Clofarabine is actively being investigated as a component of frontline chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Hepatotoxicity is 1 of the primary adverse events associated with clofarabine and can occasionally can include severe venoocclusive disease (VOD).', 'Many patients with AML undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), a procedure that is also associated with hepatotoxicity. We identified AML patients undergoing allo-SCT and stratified them according to whether they received clofarabine-containing (clofarabine, idarubicin, and cytarabine [CIA]) or non-clofarabine-containing cytarabine-based induction/consolidation chemotherapy (idarubicin and cytarabine [ara-C] [IA]). We compared both groups for differences in posttransplantation hepatotoxicity, VOD, and other transplantation outcomes. Forty-two patients were identified (20 receiving CIA and 22 receiving IA). Patient and transplant characteristics were similar. All patients receiving clofarabine-based treatment received CIA within 2.5 months of their allo-SCT.', 'There was no difference in the incidence of VOD in the 30 days after transplantation (0 CIA, 1 IA; P = 1.0). Rates of grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity also did not differ between groups. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), early relapse, and survival were also not significantly different.']\nQuestion: Does clofarabine negatively impact the outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['In patients with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), the interposition of chronic, high-dose right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing may produce late EF decline.', 'To test the hypothesis that LV dyssynchrony, defined echocardiographically and apparent early after interposition of pacing, would be greater in patients who subsequently demonstrated EF decline.', 'Ninety-one patients with normal prepacing EF who underwent atrioventricular node ablation and subsequent high-dose RVA pacing were studied. Transthoracic echocardiograms were performed early (median 4 months) and late (median 28 months) after interposition of pacing, with a significant decline in EF between these studies defined as ≥5%. Speckle-tracking longitudinal strain analysis of the early echocardiogram was performed to quantify dyssynchrony. In addition to standard dyssynchrony indices, a novel index of apex-to-base mechanical propagation delay (MPD) was used.', 'Multivariable analysis determined that MPD of the septum correlated with a significant decline in EF, independent of all other dyssynchrony, clinical, or pacing variables. A septal MPD value exceeding 50 ms was associated with EF decline at 81% sensitivity and 88% specificity.']\nQuestion: Is right ventricular apical pacing-induced left ventricular dyssynchrony associated with a subsequent decline in ejection fraction?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['The serum level of LOX-1 ligand containing ApoB (LAB) may reflect atherogenicity better than usual lipid parameters; however, the relationship between LAB and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was not clear even in Asian populations.', 'A total of 992 community-dwelling Japanese men, aged 40 to 79 years, were enrolled in the present study. Serum LAB levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with recombinant LOX-1 and monoclonal anti-apolipoprotein B antibody.', 'Serum LAB levels (median [interquartile range], μg cs/L) were 5341 μg cs/L (4093-7125). The mean average IMT of the common carotid artery was highest in the fourth LAB quartile (842 μm) compared with the first quartile (797 μm) after adjustment for age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, smoking, and alcohol drinking. However, this statistically significant difference was lost after further adjustment for total cholesterol (TC). After stratification using the combination of median LAB and hypercholesterolemia (serum TC ≥ 6.21 mmol/L and/or lipid-lowering medication), the adjusted mean average IMT (standard error) in the high LAB/hypercholesterolemia group was 886 μm (12.7), 856 μm (16.7) in the low LAB/hypercholesterolemia group, and 833 μm (8.4) in the low LAB/normal cholesterol group (P = .004). After further adjustment for TC, mean average IMT in the high LAB group was significantly higher than that measured in the low LAB group in hypercholesterolemic participants not taking lipid-lowering medication.']\nQuestion: Is serum level of LOX-1 ligand containing ApoB associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese community-dwelling men , especially those with hypercholesterolemia LOX-1 ligand and IMT in Japanese?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To determine the effect of repeated freezing and thawing, and storage temperature, on the assay results of commonly measured reproductive hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in human serum.', 'Prospective laboratory study.', 'Academic medical center.', 'Four men and three pregnant women in the third trimester.', 'Pooled serum from men and pregnant females were frozen at either -20 degrees C or -70 degrees C. Aliquots were then subjected to repeat freeze/thaw cycles, from 1 to 10 times, and assays were performed after the final freeze/thaw cycle.', 'Assay results for eight hormones (FSH, LH, PRL, androstenedione (A), 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, P, insulin, and SHBG, as a function of the number of freeze/thaw cycles and storage temperature.', 'Only SHBG in male serum at -20 degrees C and P in pregnant serum at -70 degrees C showed statistically significant decreases in assay results with repeated freeze/thaw cycles (3.3% and 1.1% per cycle, respectively). All other analytes did not show significant changes as a function of freeze/thaw cycles or storage temperature.']\nQuestion: Does repeated freezing and thawing generally alter assay results for several commonly studied reproductive hormones?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " no", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate the proportion of foods that are unhealthy to which children are exposed at the checkout of convenience supermarkets.', \"We performed a cross-sectional survey of foodstuffs displayed at the checkout. Products displayed at or below children's eye-level were designated as healthy, unhealthy or unclassifiable using the Food Standards Agency's scoring criteria.\", 'Thirteen convenience supermarkets from the three leading UK supermarket chains were selected on the basis of proximity to the town hall in Sheffield, England.', \"Convenience supermarkets were defined as branches of supermarket chains that were identified as being other than superstores on their company's store locator website.\", \"In almost all of the convenience supermarkets surveyed, the main healthy product on display was sugar-free chewing gum. On average, when chewing gum was not included as a foodstuff, 89% of the products on display at the checkouts of convenience supermarkets were unhealthy using the Food Standards Agency's criteria. One store was a notable outlier, providing only fruit and nuts at its checkout.\"]\nQuestion: Are the proportion of unhealthy foodstuffs children exposed to at the checkout of convenience supermarkets?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine with lipolytic action and is positively associated with adiponectin in adipose tissue. We hypothesize that ZAG may be related with hydrocarbonate metabolism disturbances observed in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).', 'The aim of this study was to analyze serum ZAG concentration and its relationship with carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant women and its influence on fetal growth.', '207 pregnant women (130 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 77 with GDM) recruited in the early third trimester and their offspring were studied. Cord blood was obtained at delivery and neonatal anthropometry was assessed in the first 48 hours. ZAG was determined in maternal serum and cord blood.', 'ZAG concentration was lower in cord blood than in maternal serum, but similar concentration was observed in NGT and GDM pregnant women. Also similar levels were found between offspring of NGT and GDM women. In the bivariate analysis, maternal ZAG (mZAG) was positively correlated with adiponectin and HDL cholesterol, and negatively correlated with insulin and triglyceride concentrations, and HOMA index. On the other hand, cord blood ZAG (cbZAG) was positively correlated with fat-free mass, birth weight and gestational age at delivery. After adjusting for confounding variables, gestational age at delivery and HDL cholesterol emerged as the sole determinants of cord blood ZAG and maternal ZAG concentrations, respectively.']\nQuestion: Is zinc-α2-glycoprotein unrelated to gestational diabetes : anthropometric and metabolic determinants in pregnant women and their offspring?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['Previous studies have demonstrated that nicotine releases protons from adrenergic nerves via stimulation of nicotinic ACh receptors and activates transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptors located on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing (CGRPergic) vasodilator nerves, resulting in vasodilatation. The present study investigated whether perivascular nerves release protons, which modulate axon-axonal neurotransmission.', 'Perfusion pressure and pH levels of perfusate in rat-perfused mesenteric vascular beds without endothelium were measured with a pressure transducer and a pH meter respectively.', 'Periarterial nerve stimulation (PNS) initially induced vasoconstriction, which was followed by long-lasting vasodilatation and decreased pH levels in the perfusate. Cold-storage denervation of the preparation abolished the decreased pH and vascular responses to PNS. The adrenergic neuron blocker guanethidine inhibited PNS-induced vasoconstriction and effects on pH, but not PNS-induced vasodilatation. Capsaicin (CGRP depletor), capsazepine and ruthenium red (TRPV1 inhibitors) attenuated the PNS-induced decrease in pH and vasodilatation. In denuded preparations, ACh caused long-lasting vasodilatation and lowered pH; these effects were inhibited by capsaicin pretreatment and atropine, but not by guanethidine or mecamylamine. Capsaicin injection induced vasodilatation and a reduction in pH, which were abolished by ruthenium red. The use of a fluorescent pH indicator demonstrated that application of nicotine, ACh and capsaicin outside small mesenteric arteries reduced perivascular pH levels and these effects were abolished in a Ca(2+) -free medium.']\nQuestion: Do protons modulate perivascular axo-axonal neurotransmission in the rat mesenteric artery?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate whether the youngest children in each school cohort are overrepresented as users of specialist mental health services.', 'Dates of birth were obtained for all 9,157 children and adolescents referred to specialist mental health services in 3 London boroughs from 2008 to 2011. The actual frequency of referrals by month of birth is compared to the expected frequency of referrals as determined by birth statistics for the relevant age group.', 'August-born children, who are the youngest in their cohorts in England, represent 9.38% of referrals but only 8.59% of the population in the relevant age segment. Hence, August-born children are overrepresented in referrals to specialist mental health services (P value = .007). September- and October-born children, who are the oldest in their cohorts, are underrepresented: September-born children represent 8.62% of the population but 7.99% of referrals to mental health services (P value = .032), and October-born children are 8.56% of the population but 7.86% of referrals (P value = .016).']\nQuestion: Are the youngest children in each school cohort overrepresented in referrals to mental health services?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You are a helpful assistant. Given the following list of abstracts, please answer the question with either yes, no or maybe.\nAbstracts: ['To investigate the effects of folic acid on Bcl-2 gene methylation status in rats with hyperhomocystinemia induced by ingestion of excess methionine.', '36 healthy 6-week-old wistar male rats, weighing (160 +/- 10) g, after being fed adaptable for one week, were randomly divided into control group (n = 12), hyperhomocysteinemia group (n = 12), folic acid treatment group (n = 12). The control group was fed with AIN-93G diet. The hyperhomocysteinemia group was fed with high-methionion diet, consisting of AIN-93G diet plus 1.7% methionion. The folic acid treatment group was fed with high-methionion plus folic acid-rich diet, consisting of AIN-93G diet plus 1.7% methionion and 0.008% folic acid. After be maintained for 18 weeks on the previously described diets, the concentrations in the plasma Hcy and folic acid and Vit B12 were measured with the IMX assays. The thoracic aorta was harvested for immunohist Chemical analysis. The methylation status of Bcl-2 gene was determined by nest touch-down PCR combined MSP(methylation specific PCR). Real-time RT PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of arotic Bcl-2.', 'The study showed the following: (a) A high methionine diet for 18 weeks is sufficient to induce hyperhom degree Cystinemia; Folic acid supplementation to the rats fed the high-methionine diet prevented an elevation homocysteine (Hcy) levels in the plasma (P < 0.01 ). (b) Compared with the control group, the Hhcy group had a elevating Bcl-2 expression by immunohistochemical analysis in aorta, along with Bcl-2 hypomethylation (P < 0.05) and increased Bcl-2 mRNA expression (P < 0.05 ). (c) Most important, after folic acid supplementation, the lowering of Hcy levels was accompanied by a marked decreased Bcl-2 expression by immunohistochemical analysis and Bcl-2 hypermethylation (P < 0.05) and reduced Bcl-2 mRNA expression (P < 0.05).']\nQuestion: Does [ Folic acid prevent Bcl-2 hypomethylation in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia ]?\nAnswer:", "role": "user" }, { "content": " yes", "role": "assistant" } ]