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Chidambaram Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, located at the center of the temple city Chidambarama, Tamil Nadu. The temple is 78 km south of Pondicherry and 235 km away from Chennai, the capital of Southeast India. Sangam Classics, Viduvelvidugu Perumtakan, refers to the respected tribe of traditional Vishwakarma as the chief architect of the temple restoration. There have been many restorations in its history, especially in the days of the Pallav/Chol emperors in the ancient and pre-Medie times. Chidambaram is one of the five most sacred Shiva temples, each represents one of the five natural elements; Chidambarams represent the Akash (Ether). There are four other temples in this category: Thiruvanaikwal Jambukeshwar, Trichy (water), Kanchi Ekambareshwar (earth) Kanchipuram, Thiruvannamalai Arunachaleshwar (Agni), Thiruvanna Malai and Kalahasti Nathar (Hava), Kalahaasti Chidambaram Temple : The temple premises spread over 50 acres in the middle of the city. This is an ancient and historical temple dedicated to Lord Shiva Natraj and Lord Govindraj Perumal, one of the few temples where both Lord Shiva and Vaishnava reside in the same place. For Shaivism (Shivism) or Shaiv followers, the very word refers to Koil Chidambaram. Similarly, for the followers of Vaishnavism it refers to Srirangam or Thiruvarangam. Meaning of Chidambaram : The word Chidambaram can be derived from Chit, which means “consciousness”, and Ambaram, which means “sky” (from sky or Akayam); it refers to the sky of consciousness, which is the ultimate goal according to all Vedas and scriptures that must be achieved. Another theory is that it comes from Chit + Ambalum. Ambalam means a “stage” for performing arts. Chidakasam is a state of ultimate joy or joy and Lord Natraj is symbolic representation of Param Anand or Anand Natnam. Shaviyas believe that the journey of Chidambaram leads to liberation. Yet another theory is that this is derived from the word Chitrambalam, which means “God’s game or dance” and Ambalam means “stage”. Special traits : A unique feature of this temple is the gemstone statue of Natraj. This reflects Lord Shiva as the God of Bharatanatyam dance and one of the few temples where Shiva is represented by a human form instead of classical, ionic lingam. The cosmic dance of Lord Nataraj is the symbol of the continuous movement of the universe by Lord Shiva. The temple has five courts. Argalur Uday Iraratevan Ponparappinan (aka Vancovarayan) reconstructed Shiva temple in Chidambaram around 1213 AD. The same Bana chief also built the Tiruvannamalai temple. The temple is traditionally administered by an intermarried group of Shiavi Brahmins named Dixitar, who also act as its priests. The story of the Chidambaram Temple : Chidambaram’s story begins with the story of Lord Shiva while walking in Lord Shiva’s Thilai Vanam (Vanam means forest and Thilai Tree – botanical name Exokoria Agalocha, a species of mangrove trees – which currently grows in the Pichvaram humidabhoomi near Chidambarm) Yay! Temple statues indicate the thilai trees are from second century CE). There was a group of saints or ‘saints’ living in the forests of Thilai who believed in the supremacy of magic and that God could be controlled by rituals and ‘mantras’ or magical words. God beggars a simple beggar, walking in the forest with stunning beauty and sharpness. After that comes his grace and wife who is Lord Vishnu as Mohini. Rishi and his wives are mesmerized by the talent and beauty of the beautiful monk and his wife. Seeing their women enchanted, sages get angry and call for many ‘snakes’ (Sanskrit: Naga) by performing magical rituals. As a monk God lifts up snakes and wear them as ornaments on his tangled rhymes, neck and waist. More angry, the sages call for a fierce tiger, which God wears as a shawl around his waist. Totally disappointed, the sages gather all their spiritual power and call for a powerful demon assessment – the symbol of absolute ego and ignorance. God, wearing a gentle smile, steps on the demon’s back, stabilize him and performs anandava (dance of eternal joy) and reveal his true self. Saints surrender, realizing that this God is truth and He is beyond magic and rituals. Anandava pose : Lord Shiva’s Anand Tandav Mudra is one of the famous mudras recognized by many people around the world. This celestial dance pose tells us how a Bharatanatian dancer should dance. The demon beneath the feet of Natraj shows that ignorance is beneath his feet. In this hand fire (power of destruction) means the lifted hand that destroyer of evil shows that he is the Savior of all lives. The ring behind is the symbol of the universe. The drum in His hand is the symbol of the origin of life. These are the main things that Nataraj idol and celestial dance poses. A rare type of orgasm is seen in Melakadambur temple about 32 km away from here. In this caracoil, the Nataraj dances on a bull and circulates the structure of the God, this is a sail art being placed in this temple. Chidambaram is also referred to in various works such as Thilai (after the earlier Thilai forest which is now located), Perumptrapuliyur or Vyagrapuram (in honor of Saint Vyagrapathar). The temple is considered located in the heart of Lotus. Cosmos” : the big heart lotus place. The place where God performed his dance of joy, Anand Thandavam – a place just south of “Thirumultaneshwar Temple”, today Ponnambalam/Porsabai (Pon means Sona, Ambalam/Sabai) Earth Manch) Lord Shiva’s abode in His dance form. That is why God is also called Sabhanayakar, which means God of the stage. This gold roof platform is the womb of Chidambaram temple and holds God in three forms: - “Form” – The human form as the presence of Lord Nataraj, called Gross Thirumeni - “Semi-form” – Chandramauleshwar’s crystal gender, semi-anthropological form as gross flawless Thirumeni - “Foelless” – Chidambara mystery as space, a vacant space within the womb, impeccable thirumeni The Punch Booth Venue : Chidambaram is one of the Panchabutha places where God is worshipped in the form of sky or agayam (“Punch” – which means five, booths – which means elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Space and “Place” meaning Place). Others are : Ekambareshwar Temple in Kanchipuram, where God is worshiped as earth, Jambukeshwar Temple at Thiruvanaikwal in Tiruchirapalli, where God is worshipped as water Annamalaiyar Temple in Thiruvannamalai, where God’s worship as fire Kalahasti is done in Srikalahasti Temple, where God is worshipped as air/air. Chidambaram is also one of the five places where Lord Shiva performed his dance and all these places have platforms/ meetings. Apart from Chidambaram, those who have Por Sabai, others are Rathina Sabai in Thiruvalangadu (Rathinam – Manik / Red), Chitra Sabha at Kutralam (Picture – Painting), Rajath Sabha at Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple (Rajatha) or Valley Ambalam / Valley – Silver) and Thamira Sabai, Nelleup Par Temple, Tirunelveli (Thamiram – Copper).
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OEMs, suppliers and EU officials are considering how best to develop Europe’s semiconductor manufacturing to mitigate current and future shortages, but the broad gaps at many levels – including for older, larger chips – mean there will be no magic bullet That production of semiconductors is of growing importance for today’s cars has become more evident across automotive manufacturing. But the post-Covid shortage of computer chips, combined with the automotive industry’s reliance on just a handful of suppliers, has created a perfect storm in supply chain and production. Globally, the automotive industry has lost more than 2m vehicles in terms of production in 2021 through to the middle of April, according to IHS Markit, including around 450,000 units in Europe. As in the US, officials in the EU are anxious to avoid further disruption to the automotive and electronics sector. The European Commission is pushing to increase local investment and production in semiconductors in Europe. The question is: how feasible is it for Europe to make gains in this sector and will it help the automotive sector to mitigate the current crisis? Raising local production of semiconductors There are numerous initiatives underway to expand local computer chip and semiconductor production in the EU. In March this year, the European Commission announced the Digital Compass Plan with a view to at least double current production in Europe, thereby controlling 20% of global chip output. It is an ambitious target. However, the EU will need to address what type of computer chips are in most demand and establish an accurate picture of those that will be most needed in automotive production in the coming years. The current chip shortage is complex in that there are shortages across the spectrum, and especially in some of the less complex, older chip technology that has existed for more than 20 years, such as 40nm (nanometer), 90nm and 130nm chips, as Mike Hogan, senior vice-president of automotive, industrial and multimarket business unit at GlobalFoundries, an important chip producer, recently discussed on a panel at Automotive Logistics and Supply Chain Europe Live. In fact, many electric vehicles are expected to use more of these less advanced chips as well, which will imply yet higher demand. Carmakers such as Audi have also confirmed that automakers use much older versions of chips than those used in products such as iPhones, which are often also larger in size. According to an Audi spokesperson, such automotive chips also have longer lifecycles than those used in consumer electronics such as smartphones. However, many companies and governments, including the European Commission, have focused programmes more on increasing production of higher value, more advanced chips, such as 5nm and 2nm chips. While producing such chips will play a role in the long-term production high-tech goods and applications for artificial intelligence, they will not go far in addressing the current supply issues in the car industry. Joe Biden also wants his country to become the new hot house for chip production and has set aside $50 billion of the administration’s $2 trillion infrastructure funding proposal for semiconductor production. Intel will itself invest $20 billion in two new factories in Arizona to include expanding its own chip production. TSMC has also announced a $12 billion new facility in Arizona to expand its footprint outside of Taiwan with production of 5nm chips to begin in 2024. Samsung is also said to be considering a new plant in Arizona, USA. The European Commission clearly feels that it is strategically important that the EU gains more competency in these advanced chips. “While Europe has strong research competences and dynamic industrial actors in the semiconductors field, it is however dependant on chips, including processors, produced in other parts of the world,” according to a spokesperson for the EC. The European automotive industry will eventually need to address a lack of capacity in advanced, AI chips. Some tier one suppliers already use advanced 5Nm fabs in the vehicle electronics industry but they themselves do not produce them. Only a handful of companies globally currently make these chips, including Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Samsung Electronics, Asahi Kasei Microdevices (AKM) and Renesas Electronics Corporation. That is why the EU has initiated a number of initiatives to increase advanced chip production. Under the Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI) initiative, for example, if companies commit production of 5nm and 2nm chips with 60-80% investment, state subsidies will top up with additional funds of between 20-40%. Such projects have long-term timelines, however, with targets up to 2030. The good news is that semiconductor manufacturers globally are already increasing production, including in Europe. Infineon Technologies is planning to begin production this summer at a €1.6 billion ($1.93 billion) chip plant in Villach, Austria, where the group also has its competence centre for power semiconductors. It was here that the company developed manufacturing of power semiconductors on 300mm thin wafers and then expanded into fully automated high-volume production at a plant in Dresden, Germany. Infineon estimates that it has an 18.5% global market share in power semiconductors, but only 7 of its 20 global production bases are in Europe. Robert Bosch, meanwhile, will open a €1 billion automotive chip plant in June this year in Dresden, Germany. “We operate two wafer fabs in Reutlingen [near Stuttgart, Germany] and are currently expanding the third wafer fab in Dresden at full speed – as the largest investment project in our company’s history,” he says. The new wafer fab in Dresden is Bosch’s response to the surging number of areas of application for semiconductors, as well as a renewed demonstration of its commitment to Germany as a high-tech location, according to Bosch. The Dresden facility includes a 300mm fabrication lab, in which a single wafer can accommodate 31,000 chips. Currently, Bosch’s wafer fab in Reutlingen is based on 150mm and 200mm wafers. To produce these chips, Bosch procures the wafers of around 1mm thickness, which are then produced into thickness of 100-60 micrometers (1 micrometer is equivalent to 1,000 nanometers). And more recently, the European Commission has also noted the need for Europe to expand its chip production base more broadly. On April 30, Thierry Breton, European Commission for the Single Market, met with TSMC Europe president Maria Marced as well as separately with Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger to discuss global semiconductor needs. Breton presented a vision for the European semiconductor industry based on a twin-track alliance with key manufacturers, which includes building up production capacity of 20nm to 10nm chips in parallel to its plan for chips below 5nm to 2nm. Understanding the chip supply chain: deeply intertwined between old and new technology While it is a lack of older chip technology that is currently leading to the most automotive production shortfalls, the same suppliers are approved to make both older and newer chips used by tier suppliers in both the automotive and consumer electronics industries. The sheer complexity of the circuit boards, which often use a variety of different chips sourced from different suppliers, has caused bottlenecks in a myriad of industries. Speaking at the Automotive Logistics and Supply Chain Europe Live forum on the ongoing chip saga, Bettina Weiss, chief of staff at electronics association SEMI, said the current situation highlights the “increasing interdependence of the electronics supply chain and the automotive supply chain. One needs the other, and this is a pretty stark example of what happens when one key component in car manufacturing is not available”. For example, a key fob has four main microchips and numerous other components. While the main supplier for the microchips could be NXP, there are others that make other chips used in the device. In its ‘Top 100 Supplier List’ NXP lists a range of companies that make the materials it needs to produce its semiconductors, which it then sells to its customers. For example, NXP procures from Samsung Semiconductors’ locations at Asan and Yongin Si in South Korea, as well as from San Jose in California. NXP also procures from TSMC at its locations in Taichung and Tainan in Taiwan, as well as San Jose, California. NXP also lists GlobalFoundries bases in Dresden (Germany) and Singapore. This list highlights how intertwined is the electronics industry. While automakers might currently need more of the older tech chips, the supplier network is interdependent, with some suppliers, specifically contract manufacturers such as TSMC, making a variety of chips with different fabrication sizes. TSMC makes chips for its customers from 2 micron (micrometer) down to 5nm. NXP’s end customers include automakers, as well as top tier suppliers such as Bosch and Delphi, as well as companies such as Apple. Automakers in Europe try to put on a brave face Automakers with production bases in Europe are between a rock and a hard place. On one hand they need to highlight how over dependent the industry has become on using chips made by just a handful of suppliers. On the other hand, by admitting to a growing backlog of unfinished vehicles, extensions of furloughs and the shortening of working weeks, and in quite a few cases the actual closure of plants for a duration of time, these automakers risk impacts to their share prices. Most manufacturers are thus suggesting that things will be rectified by year end. A spokesperson from Mercedes-Benz said early in April: “We drive on sight. The situation is volatile and it is not possible to make a prognosis on the impact. As things currently stand, we expect to keep our planned sales programme for the year 2021, despite previous production downtimes, which we will catch up on over the course of the year.” Since this comment was received, Daimler has announced 18,500 staff will be given shorter working hours, and production has been halted at Rastatt and Bremen in Germany. An official from Jaguar Land Rover initially said it was monitoring the situation closely but confirmed on April 22 that it had temporarily closed Castle Bromwich and Halewood in the UK from April 26. Meanwhile a spokesperson for Audi explained that it is currently missing parts, although it has largely been able to maintain normal production: “However, we must proceed with caution due to the aforementioned factors that influence each other. Therefore, further production adjustments cannot be ruled out. Our aim is to eliminate bottlenecks as quickly as possible and make up for the production shortfall to the greatest possible extent over the course of the year.” A Skoda official dismissed reports that it has put Karoq production on hold in favour of its new Enyaq IV EV production. “Karoq production will not be stalled, only the ratio between the production plants will be optimised.” BMW officials, on the other hand, have reiterated that it has largely circumvented the crisis. “The supply of electronic components to our production sites has not led to any production interruptions so far,” said a spokesperson. “Our aim is to ensure supplies continue to reach our plants. We ordered the required volumes for 2021 at the appropriate time and expect our suppliers to fulfil these orders as stipulated by the contract.” Renault has partially idled three of its four car plants in Spain because of the ongoing chip shortage. The plants will now be put on extended partial idling until the end of September this year, with up to 9,000 workers on furlough. Toyota maintains that it has a stockpile of chips and therefore production is currently ongoing. However, it has also used its Rescue system to narrow down suppliers likely to be severely impacted, carefully discussing with suppliers to ensure that they have adequate inventories. Toyota’s Rescue system is all about improving supply chain transparency. Toyota established a database known as the REinforce Supply Chain Under Emergency (Rescue) system after the Fukushima earthquake in 2011. According to the system ‘Under strict protection of suppliers’ confidential information, Toyota conducts regular training with suppliers to utilise the system in case of a disaster.’ This then ensures that Toyota’s business continuity plan can be maintained even following a disaster, once humanitarian aid, and affected communities and areas have recovered. Stockpiles can only last so long, however, and the issue now is whether Toyota can secure new orders to replenish stocks. The carmaker said that for some components, such as semiconductors, which have a long production cycle time, “it takes time to recover and start alternative production and shipments, so we are carefully discussing with our suppliers to ensure that they have adequate inventories”. Can retrofitting be a bridge over troubled waters? OEMs currently find themselves in a supply predicament and the chances of rectifying the situation by the end of the year are diminishing. To tie things over many are turning to retrofitting, which involves building the vehicle and fitting in the parts as and when they become available. This is a last-minute resort, however. Building vehicles and letting them sit in expensive compounds for indefinite periods is costly and risks damage from weather and other factors. In addition, retrofitting is no easy task. While retrofitting a key fob and adding the second sought after microcontroller is easy, actually retrofitting the electronics in an entire ECU is laborious and potentially prone to scratch and damage the actual finished vehicle. Then there is the possibility of stretching the use of the microcontrollers that are installed in the vehicles, which automakers are both investigating, and in some cases, implementing. Continuing with the example of the key fob, if it continues to work with just one ultra-wideband (UWB) chip rather than two (for which it has originally been designed), then a carmaker can continue with one and it is unlikely that the a second will be retrofitted at a later date. Another possibility of getting through this crisis is prioritising production of the most profitable cars. This means that while regular ICE cars do also have a large number of chips, these vehicles are currently put on the back burner. Staff at these plants are being given shorter working weeks, and in some cases have been furloughed. Production at these plants is prioritised for the high-value cars. Again, this is not ideal. Customers are still waiting for cars they purchased, while dealers are looking to stock inventory. The outcome is that car prices go up. Simple economics: supply shortage in the case of increasing demand results in an increase in price. Speaking at the Automotive Logistics and Supply Chain Europe Live event, Jeremie Bouchard, director at analyst firm IHS Markit, said the current chip shortage situation has seen OEMs double orders just to make sure they get their hands on the prized chips. However, in effect this is causing greater problems for an already struggling supply chain. “Inflation of demand makes it difficult to predict the real shortage,” said Bouchard. It’s a classic case of the ‘toilet paper effect’, he said implying the reference to the initial stages of the Covid-19 pandemic when consumers bought more than they needed, stockpiling to make sure they did not lose out on essential supplies. However, this then produced a quota system where shops limited how much they sold per consumer. A situation that OEMs should take heed of and not over inflate orders, thereby creating a more complex situation to mitigate.
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Save the Bees Bees are profound contributers to the ecosystem, but their population size is decreasing tremendously. Without them, key factors to everyday life will be negatively affected. The honey bees pollinates flowers. Pollination is when pollen is transferred to a flower’s reproductive organs and enables it to fertilize. When fruits and vegetables are growing, they start of as small flowers on the plant, eventually becoming whatever food they are. Pollination is how the flowers are able to grow into the fruit or vegetable. The natural, and best way, a plant gets pollinated is through bees. Admittedly, some may argue that honey bees are not a necessity because there are alternate ways to pollinate crops. For example, other insects such as butterflies, beetles, flies, and wasps are able to pollinate (Gordon). Looking at this point of view, it may seem that bees would not be necessary for pollination. Bees are not the only pollinating animal, so there should be no need to protect them. These insects do not pollinate the same way as bees, so how do they do it? Active insects get covered in pollen when visiting flowers, which then rubs off onto the next flower visited (Gordon). Bees do essentially the same thing, except they do it purposely, making it the process more effective. In summation, because there are other insects that have the ability to pollinate, opposers of saving the honey bees think that it is unnecessary to aid them in survival. Bees however, Click here to unlock this and over one million essays Get AccessWhen we think of bees, we think of pesky, harmful insects. What we don’t know is everything they do for not just us, but the world. Bees influence our food supply greatly. Without bees, the would be absolutely no honey whatsoever and the amount of pollen could increase greatly without their presence. You might be thinking, “What does pollen have to do with anything?” but actually the amount of pollen not only influences our allergies, but also the plants. It is definitely possible plants we eat could become over pollinated and there would go another one of our food sources The honey bee is vital to an estimated $117 billion annual production of crops through pollination within the United States more than a half of the food that humans consume has a correlation with the bee either directly or indirectly. The USDA reports the following food products would be immediately damaged if no bees were available to pollinate: Since the late 1990s, beekeepers around the world have observed the mysterious and sudden disappearance of bees, and report unusually high rates of decline in honeybee colonies. Bees do more than just make honey! Bee transfer pollen and seeds from one flower to another, fertilizing the plant so it can grow and produce food. Cross-pollination helps at least 30 percent of the world's crops and 90% affects our food. The sweet fruits humans eat such as, strawberries, mangoes, grapes, apples, and bananas would not be the same taste wise as they are now. We simply couldn’t live in the same world if it weren’t for the bees. Bees pollinating crops produce every third mouthful of food we eat. Bees contribute to thirty- five Percent of global food production, 87 of the leading 115 food crops are dependent on animal pollinators, including bees. (The United States White House, 2014). Without bees pollinating plants, there would not be very many fruits or vegetables to eat, Bees transfer pollen between the male and female parts, allowing plants to grow seeds and fruit. In the last decade scientist and beekeepers have observed remarkable decline of bees, in the US alone 30% of the national bee population has disappeared and nearly a third of all bee colonies in the U.S. have In recent years, many citizens have been pushing the idea that we need to “save the bees,” specifically the western honey bee. Advocates for saving the bees spread information on social media. These posts can show how to start a bee garden and list off the plants that would become “extinct” without honey bees and claim that without honey bees agriculture in the United States would cease to exist. Others have bees that say “If we die, you die with us,” and state that the ecosystem would fail without the honey bee. But are either of these claims true? Bee populations are declining at an alarming rate all around the world, and daily life without bees would be detrimental. Without the bees around to help pollinate our food, 30 percent of which is grown using bees, there is an incredibly high chance that we would starve. “Mankind will not survive the honeybees’ disappearance for more than five years.” (Albert Einstein) By using harmful pesticides in our agriculture, and the excessive use of high fructose corn syrup, we are killing the bees at an alarming rate. One of every three bites of food rely on pollination for a profitable harvest. We must acknowledge everything that the bees provide for humans, then ban pesticides that hard bees, move away from industrial agriculture and put our focus I chose this topic because of how important it is. Despite our fears and allergies to this species of insect, they have so much meaning and impact on our lives.Their appearance frightens many of us and leas to us shooing them away as if they have no affect on our world and the nature that surrounds us; when, in fact, that have a whole lot to do with not only what we eat but our society as well. Our strong usage of pesticides and insecticides have extremely harmful effects of the bees, causing for their population to decline.So, what exactly do honeybees do? The most commonly known and important job of these insects is pollination; the act of bees and other pollinators transferring pollen from the anther of the flower of a plant to the stigma, Honeybees are very important insects, they pollinate flowers and plants. If the bees died out we wouldn't have a lot of the food or plants we have today. Bees are mostly dying out due to the fact that a lot of people use chemicals to keep plants free of plants. We need bees or much more people would be left penniless and starving. Bees are beneficial to our environment. They help with pollination of crops, flowers, orchards as well as yielding honey (Ryde, 7). Because of these benefits, the beekeeper learns about the surrounding environment, land, and community, for which he can help. Pollination yields beautiful wildflowers, healthy crops, fruits and vegetables (Ryde, 7). Bees pollinate one third of the world’s food, they do this by landing on a plant once on the plant the pollen is unknowingly transferred on the bee’s feet and between plants. If bees don’t pollinate it will put millions of farmers and beekeepers out of business, this will put a strain on the economic growth of Australia as the Australian economy is highly dependent upon agricultural exports. One third of our fruit and vegetables are pollinated by bees, and they pollinate around 70 of the 100 crop species that feed 90% of the earth. To put it simply, the human race can barely survive without bees. Sure, we would probably find ways to pollinate some crops without bees, but humans will never be able to do their job as well as they Are bees really that important? A world without bees means a world without vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds (What Our World Would Look Like Without Honeybees). Nearly one half of the produce consumers have available to them today could not be grown without bees (What Our World Would Look Like Without Honeybees). Bees play an extremely vital role in pollination and in people’s everyday lives in ways that individuals often overlook. However, pesticides are killing off bees by the thousands (List of Foods We Will Lose if We Don't Save the Bees). Without honey that is produced by bees, consumers wouldn’t have nearly as many modern medications. Honeybees play a major role in some land ecosystems where there is green vegetation which are covered for 3 to 4 months a year. Many plants and animals would not survive in certain temperatures, deciduous woodlands, and tropical forests if bees were not existent. This is due to their crucial manufacture of fruits, seeds, berries and nuts which are very reliant on insect pollination and Honeybees are great pollinators. In different ecosystems honeybee’s main function is their duty of pollination. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male plant to a female plant. In many cases some plants can undergo self-pollination where the pollen transfers from the male plant to the female plant within the same flower (Cunningham 936). Flowers pollinated by honeybees comprise of various colors, but are infrequently red; they also blossom during the There are several different species of insect pollinators, but the bees in general make up sixty-two percent of them. Honeybees make up thirty-nine percent of that number, and the other twenty-three is composed of several different species of bees. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, one-third of the homo-sapiens diet is insect pollinated and honeybees are accountable for eighty percent of the pollination of that one-third. The population of the honeybees in the United States has been noticeably declining from the late 1990 's, so the threat to the majority of the world food supply is slowly increasing as our pollinators population decreases.
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In today’s fast-changing job market, high school graduates are challenged to bridge the gap between their education and practical skills demanded by employers. Traditional paths often lack hands-on experience, driving the rise of apprenticeship programs as a transformative solution. These programs offer real-world skills and work experience, becoming a dynamic pathway for direct entry into the workforce. This exploration delves into the reasons behind their popularity, the benefits they provide, and their impact on education and careers. By understanding the advantages of apprenticeships, we uncover their role in reshaping the future of work and education for high school graduates. The Rise of Apprenticeship Programs Apprenticeship programs are experiencing a rapid ascent in popularity due to a multitude of factors that address the evolving needs of both students and employers. Here are additional reasons contributing to their swift rise: 1. Mentorship and Guidance - Experienced Mentors: Apprentices work closely with experienced professionals, gaining valuable mentorship and guidance, which accelerates their learning curve. - Industry Exposure: Exposure to industry experts and mentors provides apprentices with insights into real-world challenges and best practices, enhancing their skill set. 2. Flexibility and Adaptability - Diverse Fields: Apprenticeships are available in a wide array of fields, from traditional trades to emerging tech sectors, catering to diverse interests and career aspirations. - Adaptability: These programs can adapt swiftly to changing industry demands, ensuring that apprentices acquire the most relevant skills for the current job market. 3. Enhanced Soft Skills - Communication and Teamwork: Apprenticeships cultivate essential soft skills such as effective communication, teamwork, and problem-solving, making graduates valuable assets in any workplace. - Professional Etiquette: Exposure to professional environments instills a strong work ethic and professional etiquette, preparing apprentices for long-term success in their careers. 4. Industry Recognition - Certifications and Credentials: Completing apprenticeship programs often leads to industry-recognized certifications, enhancing graduates’ credibility and employability. - Employer Trust: Employers tend to trust the skills acquired through apprenticeships, making it easier for graduates to secure job opportunities and advance in their careers. 5. Bridge to Higher Education - Higher Education Opportunities: Apprenticeships can serve as a bridge to higher education, allowing graduates to work in their field of interest while pursuing further academic qualifications, creating a seamless transition between practical experience and theoretical knowledge. - Credit Transfers: Some apprenticeship programs offer credit transfers, enabling apprentices to apply their practical learning toward higher education degrees, saving time and resources. 6. Government Support and Incentives - Financial Support: Many governments provide financial support to employers offering apprenticeships, encouraging more businesses to participate in these programs. - Tax Benefits: Employers often benefit from tax incentives and grants, making apprenticeships a cost-effective talent development strategy for businesses. 7. Technological Integration - Virtual Apprenticeships: The integration of technology allows for virtual apprenticeships, enabling students to access opportunities globally and participate in programs regardless of geographical constraints. - Digital Skills: Apprenticeships now encompass digital skills training, ensuring graduates are proficient in technologies relevant to their fields, enhancing their competitiveness in the job market. The combination of these factors not only explains the rise of apprenticeship programs but also underscores their importance in shaping a skilled and adaptable workforce for the future. People Also Read: - How Continuing Education Can Help You Land That Promotion - Reasons To Attend Graduate School To Help With Your Career Benefits of Apprenticeship Programs for Students 1. Hands-on Learning: - Practical Application: Apprenticeships provide real-world, hands-on experience, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge in actual workplace scenarios. - Skill Development: Students acquire practical skills specific to their chosen field, making them job-ready upon completion of the program. Apprenticeship programs offer a multitude of advantages for students, enhancing their educational experience and preparing them for successful and fulfilling careers. Here are the key benefits for students engaging in apprenticeships: 2. Earning While Learning: - Financial Support: Apprentices receive stipends, wages, or benefits while they learn, easing the financial burden of education and enabling self-sufficiency. - Reduced Debt: Unlike traditional college routes, apprenticeships help students avoid accumulating significant student loan debt, promoting financial independence. 3. Direct Career Pathways: - Employment Opportunities: Successful completion of apprenticeships often leads to immediate job placement within the company, ensuring a smooth transition from education to employment. - Career Advancement: Apprenticeships lay the foundation for continuous career growth, offering opportunities for promotions and specialized training. 4. Skill Diversification: - Versatility: Apprenticeships expose students to various aspects of a particular industry, allowing them to diversify their skill set and explore different roles. - Adaptability: The diverse skills acquired make apprentices adaptable, enabling them to navigate different job roles and industries. 5. Professional Development: - Soft Skills: Apprenticeships foster the development of essential soft skills such as communication, teamwork, time management, and problem-solving, enhancing overall professionalism. - Work Ethic: Exposure to workplace environments instills a strong work ethic and a sense of responsibility, preparing students for long-term success in their careers. 6. Industry Recognition: - Credentials: Apprenticeships often result in industry-recognized certifications, enhancing students’ credibility and employability in the job market. - Trustworthiness: Employers value the practical experience gained through apprenticeships, making graduates trustworthy candidates for job positions. 7. Networking Opportunities: - Professional Connections: Apprenticeships provide students with opportunities to network with industry professionals, creating valuable connections that can lead to mentorship, job referrals, and future collaborations. - Industry Insights: Networking exposes students to industry trends and insights, helping them stay updated and informed about their chosen field. 8. Personal Growth: - Confidence Building: Successfully completing apprenticeships boosts students’ confidence, providing them with a sense of accomplishment and belief in their abilities. - Career Clarity: Hands-on experience helps students gain clarity about their career goals, allowing them to make informed decisions about their future paths. Embracing these benefits, apprenticeship programs empower students to excel in their chosen fields, equipping them with the skills, confidence, and professional networks necessary for a successful and fulfilling career journey. Benefits of Apprenticeship Programs for Employers Apprenticeship programs not only offer advantages to students but also provide substantial benefits to employers. Engaging with apprenticeships can significantly enhance a company’s workforce and overall productivity. Here are the key benefits for employers: 1. Skilled Workforce Development: - Tailored Training: Employers can design apprenticeship programs to meet specific skill requirements, ensuring that apprentices receive training aligned with the company’s needs. - Job-Relevant Skills: Apprenticeships create a pipeline of skilled workers, ensuring employees possess the exact skills needed for the company’s operations. 2. Cost-Effective Talent Acquisition: - Reduced Recruitment Costs: Apprenticeships reduce the need for costly external recruitment processes, as employers can train and hire apprentices who already understand the company culture and workflow. - Long-Term Investment: Investing in apprenticeships is a long-term strategy, reducing turnover rates and retaining skilled employees within the organization. 3. Increased Productivity: - Immediate Contribution: Apprentices are integrated into the workforce during their training period, contributing to projects and tasks, thereby enhancing overall productivity. - Innovation: Skilled apprentices bring fresh perspectives and innovative ideas to the workplace, driving creativity and problem-solving within the company. 4. Workforce Diversity and Inclusion: - Diverse Talent Pool: Apprenticeships attract candidates from diverse backgrounds, promoting inclusivity and diversity within the workforce. - Equal Opportunities: Apprenticeships provide equal opportunities for all individuals, enabling companies to foster a more inclusive work environment. 5. Employee Loyalty and Engagement: - Loyalty: Apprentices who receive training often display a higher level of loyalty to the company, appreciating the investment made in their professional development. - Enhanced Morale: Employees appreciate the opportunity to mentor apprentices, boosting morale and job satisfaction among existing staff. 6. Corporate Social Responsibility: - Community Impact: Engaging in apprenticeship programs demonstrates a company’s commitment to community development, positively impacting local economies by providing skills and employment opportunities. - Positive Brand Image: Companies supporting apprenticeships are often viewed positively by the public, enhancing their brand image and corporate reputation. 7. Government Incentives: - Tax Benefits: Many governments offer tax incentives, grants, and financial support to companies participating in apprenticeship programs, reducing the overall cost of training. - Public-Private Partnerships: Collaboration with government initiatives strengthens public-private partnerships, fostering a supportive ecosystem for skill development and employment. 8. Succession Planning: - Internal Talent Pipeline: Apprenticeships create a pipeline of skilled workers, enabling employers to identify and nurture potential future leaders within the organization. - Smooth Transitions: When experienced employees retire or leave, having apprenticeships in place ensures a seamless transition, mitigating the impact on productivity and knowledge loss. By embracing apprenticeship programs, employers gain access to a skilled and motivated workforce, contributing to their growth, innovation, and long-term sustainability. These programs not only meet immediate skill needs but also foster a culture of learning, development, and employee engagement within the organization. In the realm of modern education and employment, apprenticeship programs have emerged as transformative avenues, offering high school graduates a direct route from classrooms to careers. With their emphasis on practical skills, financial support, and industry relevance, these programs empower both students and employers. Apprenticeships are not just shaping careers; they are shaping a future where education meets the demands of the evolving workforce, creating a skilled and confident generation prepared for the challenges ahead.
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In the past decade smart thermostats have saved Brits £325 million on energy bills and 1 million tons of carbon emissions - New data released by Hive to mark the 10-year anniversary of its smart thermostat demonstrates the impact the technology has had - Extreme weather, working from home and a desire to be more sustainable has seen customers look for ways to better manage their energy use and save moneyi - Despite these drivers, Brits are unsure about how to make their home more sustainable – a smart thermostat helps to take the confusion out of this, allowing Brits to easily track and monitor their heating use 4th October 2023, London: New data taken over a decade has found that Hive’s customers have collectively saved over 1 million tons of carbon emissions being emitted into the atmosphere and almost £325 million on their energy bills.i "We’ve come a long way since we launched Hive back in 2013. What started as a single thermostat has transformed into a whole eco-system of heating products - all working together. It’s astounding to see the collective impact our customers have made on both the planet and their wallets. And we look forward to seeing what the next 10 year brings." Gavin Murray, Director, Hive The data has been released to mark 10 years since Hive launched their smart thermostat in 2013 – an industry first which enabled customers to easily control their heating from their phone, smart watch or tablet. To put that into context, Hive’s two million thermostat users have saved the same amount of carbon required to power over 366,000 homes annually, almost 700,000 return flights from London to JFK or to drive over 4 million car miles.i Hive launched back in 2013 and has since amassed 2 million thermostat users, suggesting a huge shift in the public's attitude towards smart homes, climate change, and the UK’s ambition of being net zero by 2050. What is causing the shift in attitude? The British Gas Net Zero Homes Index, published last month, found that 87% were concerned about climate change and the impact that human behaviour was having on the environment.ii Combine this with the recent cost of living crisis and it’s understandable that people are turning to technology to help them better manage their energy use and save money. Futurist Dan Sodergren commented: "The cultural shift in the UK towards environmental conservation and digitalisation is driving investment in smart tech. These tools, such as the smart thermostat, give Brits superior control over their homes. Enhanced energy efficiency, home comfort, and an easy-to-capture outlook on energy usage are proliferating the adoption of such smart devices." Extreme weather and cultural events have also played a role, with peaks in Hive sales aligning with key weather events, such as the floods in 2014 and Beast from the East in 2018.i With weather being increasingly unpredictable and people more concerned about how much energy they are using, it’s fitting they are turning to technology to help them to better manage their energy use and save money. Technology such as Hive’s smart subscription service Hive Heating Plus, shows customers how much they are likely to spend based on factors such as their heating history, energy tariff and the weather. It allows customers to set a budget, sharing predictions on how unpredictable weather spells can impact their spending, whilst providing personalised tips to help them to stay on track and in budget. The shift towards working from home has also seen an increase in people using smart technology. Sales of the Hive thermostat have steadily increased since Covid in 2020, as customers spend more time at home and look to better manage their energy use and save money.i Ensuring homes are future fit Against a cost of living and sustainability focused backdrop, Brits are also more interested in future proofing their homes. Two thirds of Brits (64%) feel there is more they could do to help tackle climate change.iii And there is evidence to suggest they are doing so – in a recent survey from Hive almost half of Brits (47 percent) said they had already made changes to their current home for the purpose of making it greener. Installing a smart meter (37 percent), adding energy efficient lighting (34 percent), upgrading their roof insulation (33 percent) and installing a water meter (26 percent) were the main changes.iii Despite, this, there is still some confusion on the potential energy efficiency and costs savings that can be made by investing in energy efficiency products for the home. The Centre of Business and Economics reports, despite the potential for considerable long-term savings, factors including a lack of awareness and upfront cost, mean huge amounts of energy are wasted.ivFuturist, Dan Sodegren commented: "Smart thermostats represent an easy and accessible gateway for Brits to contribute towards becoming Net Zero. Their adoption facilitates an eco-friendly lifestyle and serves as the first step in the journey towards sustainable living. These smart devices are introducing practical ways to implement small but impactful changes in homes." What will the next 10 years look like? Sodergren continued: "In the next decade, smart thermostats hold tremendous potential to catalyse environmental transformations. Their wider adoption can substantially reduce carbon emissions, as has been seen with Hive's smart thermostat users in the UK. As more people look to incorporate smart technology into their homes, smart thermostats will be at the forefront of this movement. These devices not only optimise energy use but also align with the shift towards smart homes, steering us towards a future of living that's more sustainable, digitally integrated, and efficient." Gavin Murray, Director, Hive commented: “We’ve come a long way since we launched Hive back in 2013. What started as a single thermostat has transformed into a whole eco-system of heating products - all working together. It’s astounding to see the collective impact our customers have made on both the planet and their wallets. And we look forward to seeing what the next 10 year brings. As we hit our 10th year, advancements in our technology mean it’s easier than ever before for customers understand the impact their heating has on their wallets and the environment.” HIVE 10 Year Anniversary Data Combined Saving 2013 – 2023 Energy Bill Savings | Carbon Emission Savings | CO2e Equivalents | (kgCO2e per unit) | Wheelie bins out of landfill | Car miles driven (On average milage per year, that’s over 300,000 cars off the road. | Smartphones charged | Bin lorries out of landfill | Homes annual energy use | Cars annual emission | Return flights LHR to JFK | About Dan Sodergren: Tech futurist. Keynote speaking, public speaker, TedxTalker, ex marketing agency owner and serial tech startup co-founder, Dan Sodergren is a digital marketing and technology expert who works on the BBC Breakfast, BBC new channels, BBC Watchdog, the One Show, RipOffBritain and on countless radio shows. He is a optimistic futurist. Who produces keynotes and thinking about how the future of business, work and technology will change our world for the better. Hive launched in 2013 and is one of the top smart thermostat providers in the UK. With 2 million thermostat customers and counting, it is part of British Gas, one of Britain’s leading suppliers of energy and services. Our Hive smart thermostat and other services help our customers manage their energy use, enabling them to lower their carbon footprint. Hive focusses on making everyday life a little easier, freeing people up to spend time doing the things they love. The range of Hive products and services are designed to work together, to offer affordable, easy to use solutions and make a difference in people’s lives. About Hive Heating Plus: There’s a lot to like about Hive Heating Plus. It helps you reduce bills, lower your carbon footprint and monitor your heating efficiency all from the Hive app. - Save up to £26 a month over cold months - Track your usage with daily, weekly and monthly insights - Relax with 24/7 heating efficiency monitoring and alerts if anything goes wrong - Enjoy an extended warranty on your Hive products and 10% off across the Hive website Innovative features include: - Schedule Assist: - Using data based on customers’ specific heating behaviours, Schedule Assist monitors energy usage to offer truly personalised tips on how customers can control their heating effectively. This means Hive will be able to show customers exactly how they can save energy in the home through small adjustments to their usage, including guidance on where cost savings can be made - Carbon Calculator: - Helping customers to become more energy efficient and start their net zero journey, Hive’s Carbon Calculator tracks the amount of CO2 customers have saved through adjustments they’ve made to their heating habits, whilst displaying what carbon savings equate to in straightforward metrics, such as the number of trees planted or miles in a car travelled. [i] Hive thermostats show an average 6% reduction in gas consumption in the year following installation after adjusting for variation in weather. 10-year savings from January 2013 to June 2023 calculated by modelling this monthly consumption reduction alongside customer sales history to calculate a cumulative gas reduction of 6,208.8 GWh. Costs were calculated according to the variations in average UK gas prices across the study period. [ii] British Gas Net Zero Homes Index – Survey conducted by Public First between 12th May – 18th May 2023. Online survey amongst 4007 UK adults [iii] Research of 2,000 UK based adults commissioned by Hive and conducted by Perspectus Global in March 2023 [iv] Centre of Business and Economics, 2022 Brits are future proofing their homes, increasingly valuing sustainable elements Hive teams up with leading futurologist to share predictions on smart green tech Hive launches a new smart home monitoring service that helps you protect your home from the convenience of your smartphone Over 20 Million Brits feel out of control in their home life Lack of quality time with loved ones leaves 1 in 3 of us feeling guilty New research on ageing independence conversations
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10/17/2018 The End of the 1st Quarter64 consecutive days. 1,536 hours 92, 160 minutes 5, 529,600 seconds 1/4 of a school year From your perspective, how did your son or daughter succeed and make strides in their performance this quarter? What worked? What struggles did you notice? How was their time used? Chances are if you are reading this...you truly care about the performance of your children. We all do. According to recent studies, only 20% of the population sets goals, and as many as 92% of those goals are never achieved. That said, I’ve never met a highly successful person who doesn’t regularly set personal goals. Goals are critical. They keep you focused on what’s important, and allow you to make the best use of your 24 hours each day. When tackled correctly, they force you out of your comfort zone and help you grow more than you would without them. And, perhaps most importantly, they give us control of our destiny. Just by setting a goal, you are taking an active role in driving new and better results in your life. What could be more important than that? Teaching our teenagers to set goals effectively can be life-changing. However, as we teach goal-setting to our children, we need to make sure we’re showing them how to use goals to have the greatest possible positive impact on their lives. Here are six strategies annotated from 7 Mindsets: Teaching Minds, Changing Lives for smart goal setting for teens that can help them maximize the potential of their lives: 1. It must be on their terms The most important thing to remember is that these are their goals, not yours. One of the biggest mistakes we can make as parents is wanting their children to live in their images and in alignment with their definitions of success. In doing so, parents can unconsciously push their children down disingenuous paths that can result in reduced success and meaning from their goals. 2. Connect their goals to the ultimate currency… happiness! What we want for our children is happiness on their terms. Now, what does happiness mean? Is it financial success, simply having fun, or is it much deeper than that? The first part of happiness is defined by high emotions such as love, gratitude and joy. The second aspect of happiness involves actions that seem to make time stand still- because they are finding their way and their purpose. The final component of happiness is finding meaning in what is accomplished in life. As we teach them the value of goal-setting, we should orient them toward this authentic life. A great way to do this is to support their process of self-discovery. This could be as simple as a discussion about their interests and strengths, or as involved as applying and sharing their strengths in the service of others. 3. Help them frame their lives Every year, we ask students to share their dreams and goals. Almost invariably, they focus on planned professions, from athletics to music and medicine to law. Because of the extrinsic nature of our society, it’s easy to get very narrow with our vision for life and lose sight of some crucial components to our happiness. One of the first things you want to do is help your teens frame their lives. Walk them through a simple list of life priorities, which might include things like family, friends, faith, health, education, profession, wealth and social impact. Ask them to consider all these areas as they think about and plan for the future, so they can set goals that will provide the greatest benefit to them. I suggest having them identify their top two or three to get started. This will help them stay focused on a few areas, get some early wins, and set themselves up for larger and greater successes in the future. 4. Teach them to dream big but play small I see goals more as the critical steps we take on the path to our dreams. The things we measure most often improve in our lives, so we must help teens set goals that are specific and measurable. For example, setting a goal to get straight A’s is much less powerful than a goal to use Cornell note-taking to prepare for each course.. Remember that success is never one huge leap. It is almost always a succession of hundreds or thousands of tiny steps forward… and most likely with a few steps backward along the way. The greatest replicator of success is success. It’s both easy and common to give up on goals – and, therefore, dreams – if they’re too lofty or far away. That’s why it’s essential that goals be discrete and achievable. The sense of gratification they get from accomplishing small yet meaningful goals will help sustain the energy and belief as they move towards greater accomplishments. Help them learn the benefits of keeping goals small, manageable and short-term. 5. They need to take stock along the way Setting goals can be a double-edged sword. It can drive purposeful action in our lives and allow us to achieve more over a shorter period of time. However, we need to be careful with ourselves and with our children, because goals can also be a source of anxiety. All of us have the tendency to create a hyper-focus on future circumstances. This can produce an “I’ll be happy when…” mentality, when what we want is to find inner happiness in this moment. With this awareness in mind, try to intertwine the process of goal-setting with an ongoing habit of recognizing existing successes and accomplishments. The present should never be sacrificed for the future, and goals should simply be tools to get the most out of time we have. 6. Make goal-setting as engaging as possible We all know that, when working with teens, we’re competing with a constant barrage of distractions – video games, social media, and high school relationships. This process is predicated on patience and self-discipline, but we need to change it up a bit sometimes to help get the process started. We all want what’s best for our kids. Teaching them to think in terms of setting and accomplishing goals will help them become their own best sources for fulfillment, and provide the recognition that they control the outcomes in their lives. Through smart goal setting for teens, we can give our children the most important gift any parent can give: the ability to thrive in life without us. Fall ConcertThe CHS Choir Department presented their fall concert titled "Roots & Wings" on the evening of Wednesday, October 17th. The theme stems from the calling of parents and the wishes they have for their children. "Roots" refers to the grounding, nurturing, and support necessary to grow into strong independent individuals. The "Wings" refers to the hopes and aspirations for the future that we have for our student's lives. The opportunity to make the world their own and fly free in pursuit of a fulfilling life. The concert featured Women's Choir, Chorale, Chamber, and Mass Ensemble. The concert was under the direction of Mr. Fritz Streiff, with accompaniment by Mrs. Cassie Tarbet, and Mr. Brandon Lichtinger on the guitar. The choirs sang beautifully and with much connection to the themes. They share their story and hopes through the music they sang. Songs presented messages of unity, compassion, peace, living life in a way that reflects who we want to be, paying it forward, and finding inspiration and grit in the face of adversity. The program opened with all of the CHS choir women in a Wailin Jennys piece titled "One Voice", as they united their voices as they sang from throughout the audience. Special vocal solos were shared by Madie Houser and Katy Lessick. The Mass Ensemble closed with a powerful spiritual titled "My Soul's Been Anchored in the Lord". This massive closing piece, brought the audience to their feet with applause and a sharing of joy. Very proud of the work of all of the CHS Choir members. The CHS Holiday Program will be held at Mentor Performing Arts Center on Monday, December 10th at 7:00 PM. It will feature the CHS Choirs and Bands. Lean Six Sigma: The Training Has BegunSince Tuesday, a group of educators, administrators from several departments from Chardon spent 22 hours training in Lean. This system analysis introduces organizations, functions and individuals to a problem-solving process using a structured model to define an area of improvement to maximize time, energy, and outcomes. This model ensures that identified problems are resolved by finding the root cause of the performance or process problem rather than just blindly jumping to solutions. When thinking about this for Chardon, it is not just about the curriculum, and not just about focusing on the students, teachers or administration. School systems are complex systems, much of which have commonalities with traditional businesses. There are many opportunities to look at process improvements and money saving efforts so they can continue to support a well-rounded curriculum of programs. For example, schools can optimize processes and save money by streamlining the purchase requisition and form management processes. There is a significant potential to remove inefficiencies in these areas that can lead to savings and increasing time. Schools can also reduce costs and waste with proactive and process driven facilities management. This includes not only preventative maintenance but also energy management, technology integration, green and sustainable building projects. Applying Lean to the cafeteria can ensure that staff orders right quantities of food and prepared in order to eliminate food waste...something that Mrs. Cullington does really well already. These are just a couple of examples to highlight the potential. All of these improvements require an understanding of who the internal customer is as well as their requirements. The next step is mapping these requirements to the current situation, identifying the root causes for the process or performance gap and then finding solutions which will improve the current situation. Once the situation is improved, they can establish measurements to monitor and maintain the changes, including using a balanced scorecard. This is exactly what Lean Six Sigma can help with. It provides a foundation for not just problem resolution, but also elimination of waste and improved efficiency. The Lean system will be implemented curricularly to parts of our Circuit of Success, CCP Business courses and training will be added to approximately 40 students who will learn and implement their first Kaizen-change for the good. Later this year, we will have a career fair at CHS! More to come on that! ConferencesThursday, November 1 (4:30-8:00 pm) As you prepare your schedule, please click on the link below to sign up a timeslot for parent teacher conferences for Session 2 https://www.ptcfast.com/schools/Chardon_High_School Topper TimeSophomores, Juniors, and Seniors, Attached you will find the link to sign up for Topper Time for Quarter 2. Please be sure to sign up for 1 option before the end of the week. While you may sign up for something, please understand that you may be placed into a specific Topper Time based on teacher, counselor, or principal recommendation. Please see Mr. Bandiera or your school counselor if you have any questions. Once all Topper Times are selected, your schedule in Infinite Campus will be updated to show which Topper Time you are in and the location of that Topper Time. Senior Mentors do not need to sign up for a Topper Time this quarter as you will resume your duties as a mentor. Those students with Open Campus during Topper Time will not need to sign up unless you are no longer meeting the requirements for open campus. All Open Campus passes will be reviewed at the end of the quarter and those students who are not meeting the requirements may have their passes revoked. Student Directions: To sign up for a Topper Time, please click on the link under Topper Time Selections. You will be directed to the EventBrite Website for that Topper Time. If this is the selection you would like to sign up for, click the Green Register Button. Enter your First Name, Last Name, and Email Address to register. Please only register for 1 Topper Time. Selections are first come, first serve. Selections will fill up quickly. Science ACT Prep Schneider Fun Foreign Films Niedzwiecki Chemistry Help Rohr Board Games Armelli and Bunker English Language Arts Help Downs Leadership and Decision Making Through Chess Fronk Girls who Code Eby Math Homework Help DiCato Band Special Projects Lichtler AIR Prep for US History Grantham Physical Science, Physics, and Chem Help McGovern Spanish Help Korenke 2D Art Studio Blaschke Vocal Solo and Ensemble Streiff Land Ethics Goss Algebra II and Stats Help Shafer Physical Science Remediation Carpenter Core Values Blackburn, Clark, Herner, Laseak French Lab Dalton Chardon Chic Boutique Britt CHS Film Society Lichtinger Discussion Topics for Seniors Monaco Silent Reading DeShetler Examining end times literature from a western culture perspective Cole Jigsaw Puzzles Heintz, Fisher, Bonvissuto Geometry Help Britt The Universe Mr. Robertson English Lab Tersigni Intramural Long Visual Art Portfolio/Laser Cut Assistance Hauber 20th Century US History Through Film Mosnik Persuasive Writing Help Biernacki Stress and Relaxation Through Coloring Mrs. Robertson Rest and Relaxation Leikala Algebra II Help Steinmetz Pre Calc Help Mr. Ricci Little Heads, Big Hearts (Crochet) Mrs. Ricci College Algebra Help Chenoweth HalloweenSeveral students have asked me about Halloween. I felt that it was important to share this communication with you now as you prepare for lessons and student experiences. Wednesday, October 31 is Halloween. However, with all of the excitement leading into the week- the Chardon Crazies and the CHS Administration are moving the traditional costume day to Friday, October 26 to align with the theme for the night. This is has been the plan for the last several years. Our students have traditionally dressed in appropriate costumes at school for the day. All Students will be permitted to dress this year, as long as the outfit properly follows the guidelines below. Staff and administration will be extremely diligent to ensure that all costumes are school appropriate and not a distraction to other students in their classes. Some things to consider when creating your costume: On Wednesday, October 31, students will dress in regular attire and NOT in costume. Students may certainly dress in Halloween shirts, sweatshirts, etc on this day. 8th Grade Images of the WeekWinter Try-outsWinter Sports Start Dates All athletes must have OHSAA Physical pages 3-4 on file in CHS Athletic Office and all other athletic forms completed in Final Forms prior to Day 1 of winter sport. (https://chardon-oh.finalforms.com) Final Forms information attached. BOYS BASKETBALL High School, 9-12 V/JV: Friday, November 2, 4:00 pm Freshman: Friday, November 2, 2:45-4:00 Head Coach Chad Murawski [email protected] Middle School 8th grade: Monday, Oct. 22, 7:15 pm, CMS Gym Coach Bill Gray [email protected] 7th grade: Monday, Oct. 22, 5:30 pm, CMS Gym Coach Dan Dinko [email protected] GIRLS BASKETBALL High School, 9-12 V/JV: Friday, 10/26, 4:00 pm Freshmen: Saturday, 10/27, 1:00 pm Head Coach Cullen Harris [email protected] Middle School: TBA. Tryouts will be in December; season runs Jan-Mar. WRESTLING High School, 9-12 Friday, 11/9, 3:00 pm Head Coach Nick Salatino [email protected] Middle School, 7-8 Friday, 11/9, 3:30 pm, CMS Head Coach Nik Wheatley [email protected] SWIMMING (9-12 High School Only) Monday, Nov. 5, 4:00 pm, Spire Institute Head Coach Matt Parrish [email protected] GYMNASTICS (9-12 High School Only) Sunday, Nov. 4, Lake Erie Gymnastics School 4:00 pm Head Coach Kasey Eichele [email protected] Topper Bistro 2020 Greece Global AdventureChardon High School is pleased to announce the 2020 Global Adventure to Greece! This amazing 10-day journey will explore Athens, one of the most historical and ancient cities in the world and cruise the Greek Islands in the blue Aegean Sea. Tour dates are June 4-13th, 2020 (next summer). Come to the Informational Meeting on October 25th, 2018, Thursday, at 7:00 pm in the CHS Media Center. Please RSVP HERE Contact Mrs. Niedzwiecki with any questions. The earlier you enroll the cheaper the cost! [email protected] Check out the Promotional Video: Chardon Goes to the MusicalsUnited Way’s Youth Fund Distribution Committee Empowering YouthUnited Way’s Youth Fund Distribution Committee (YFDC) is seeking High School Students to join a unique program with the goal of engaging and empowering students. Students help solve community problems affecting youth and collaborate with other young leaders. This committee provides a challenging opportunity to instill volunteerism in future adult leaders and identifies critical issues important to students through hands-on experiences. Students will learn about the needs of the community, particularly the needs of our youth, and the agencies addressing those issues, generate fundraising to help support agencies and programs, and research, interview and make funding decisions to distribute dollars to non-profit partners that serve youth in Geauga County. Student applications should be submitted by November 1, 2018 and be approved by the student’s parents and High School Advisor. Meetings will be held once a month on Monday evenings plus two days during the week in Spring 2019. More information and the application can be found attached to this email or on our web site www.uwsgc.org/yfdc. In Closing: A Note All Students Received from MeI have spent the past nineteen years as an educator. This year just might be the most invigorating and challenging at the same time. Why is it so invigorating? Maybe it is because we spent so much time preparing for this year and now we are able to see everything come to fruition. Maybe it is related to all of the activities that we have designed for students. What strikes me the most is the number of students that we are able to assist on the journey. I really love working with students and helping them find their purpose in life. Every single one of you will eventually graduate and I hope that through the courses and experiences at CHS-- your journey will help you find your purpose in life. I believe in each of you and I know that everyone has a story along the way. We are closing out the first quarter...this is a time to assess your goals and outcomes. I will be the first to tell you that grades are not the "tell-all" to school. Learning is what matters the most. Yet, our country places so much emphasis on the mark in a grade book. Certainly, having a positive mark in the grade book helps out in many ways. It helps your motivation, relationships, and may even keep you from being grounded. Grades can get you places...but learning takes you places where grades can't take you. For me, I was barely a 3.0 Chardon High Student...but, I was involved in so many activities in school. I also had a story. Life wasn't perfect for me. I have faced many situations in my life that were difficult. Yet, I dug deep to focus on finding my purpose. I didn't have a principal that wrote me emails. I have felt just about every emotion that you have. Look at me now--several college degrees later and numerous experiences brought me back as principal of CHS. Anything is possible if you put the time in. We all find ourselves at various plots on the graph of life. The purpose of this email is to remind you that I care deeply for your success and I hope that you have taken the time to see the goodness in you; in others. We are at the first stage of a four-part race. If you are satisfied with the outcome of the first quarter--keep striving for greatness. If you have experienced some victories and losses this quarter--keep striving. If you have more losses than victories--keep striving. You got this and I will always be one of your biggest fans! If you ever need me- email, send me a Remind101 message (code @TopperUp to 81010), use twitter...anything. I will continue to take time to support you! I will be out of the building during the next three days for Training, but Mr. Bandiera and Mr. Higham are in to guide you in our shared mission and vision for each of you! Your teachers will always be there for you--take the time to continue building your relationships with them. They care so deeply for you! Stay warm! Douglas Murray, Principal |
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It has been nearly ten years since the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China and the U.S. government’s ratification of the Beijing Platform for Action. To commemorate the occasion, analysts and organizations have begun to assess the expected gains in preparation for the UN Commission on the Status of Women meeting in March, 2005. One fact stands out: in the area of the macroeconomy, women in the U.S. and abroad have experienced major shifts, many of them negative. These shifts have occurred in employment, consumption, and general well-being for women, their families, and their communities. Some of the shifts can be linked to NAFTA and other free trade agreements, while other trends are part of the long-term privatization and deregulation agenda (implemented in the U.S. since the 1980s) that forms the foundation for much of the U.S. trade agenda in key sectors such as services, agriculture, and investment. Making Macroeconomics a Women’s Issue Prior to the World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, few in the U.S. women’s movement were focused on macro-economic questions. Women’s traditional focus had been on national poverty and economic justice. In Beijing , however, activists and policy analysts pushed the U.S. government to agree to language acknowledging the sometimes negative impact of macroeconomic policies on women globally and to bring gender concerns into all levels of macroeconomic decisionmaking. Some examples of the commitments the U.S. government made in Beijing in the area of poverty and the economy include:1 * Revising laws and administrative practices to ensure women’s equal rights and access to economic resources; * Developing gender-based methodologies to conduct research to address the feminization of poverty; * Promoting women’s economic rights and independence, including access to employment, appropriate working conditions, and control over economic resources; * Facilitating women’s equal access to resources, employment, markets, and trade; * Eliminating occupational segregation and all forms of employment discrimination; * Promoting harmonization of work and family responsibilities for women and men (i.e. labor protections, job benefits, parental leave, education reform, and technological innovation). From a structural analysis, the Beijing Platform recognized the need for strong national programs on the advancement of women and the promotion of gender equality, which require political commitment at the highest level. Such commitment includes monitoring policies, introducing and implementing legislation, programs and capacity building, as well as public dialogue on gender equality as a societal goal. The results have been less than satisfying. On a global level, there has been an increase in economic disparities among and within countries. Increasingly, nation states are unable to provide social protections, social security, or funding to implement the Platform. The shift of service provision from the public sphere to the household, and inadequate attention to the different nature of work for women and men (remunerated and unremunerated, formal and informal), are having a disproportionately negative impact on women. Ten years after Beijing , U.S. women in solidarity with their sisters in other parts of the world are assessing progress in the area of the economy–not only for themselves, but for their families and their communities. In the United States , it is clear that the government has not lived up to the promises made in Beijing . Despite advocacy from national women’s, development, labor, and human rights groups, since Beijing Washington has done little to incorporate a gender analysis into its macroeconomic policies and into decisionmaking processes, nor has it acknowledged that its trade policies are having a negative and heavier impact on women and children than on men. It is no surprise that trade necessarily affects women differently than men because of their different and often secondary social status in the economy. In employment, women tend to hold different positions than men, they receive less pay than men, and they are often the first laid off when companies downsize. Women are more likely to move in and out of the formal and informal sectors as they struggle to balance work and family with little federal support. Women and children are also the most negatively affected when social programs are privatized and/or deregulated. This can raise the cost of provision, making it impossible for families to receive proper care and assistance. Many women of color are even harder hit by negative economic trends than white women, since shifts in the economy have differential impacts based on race and class. As trade drives the global economic agenda of the U.S. government and, to a certain degree, its national and foreign policy, U.S. women’s voices from a race, class, and gender perspective are critical for identifying positive goals and implementation processes. A gender perspective must also take into account environmental and sustainable development goals to create a comprehensive quality-of-life assessment. Solutions also should be developed with such a comprehensive understanding in mind. NAFTA Through a Gender Lens The U.S. Government ratified NAFTA with Canada and Mexico in 1993. Ten years later, the administration considers it a success and uses it as the blueprint for other trade negotiations. When it was being drafted, policymakers predicted that NAFTA would open borders, narrow the gap between rich and poor within and among the three countries, and create new jobs. The results of NAFTA paint a different picture. Goods are able to cross the borders, but people are not. Thousands of undocumented workers try to get into the United States every day and are turned back. Additionally, hundreds of undocumented workers are killed each year trying to cross the border from Mexico into the U.S. The gap between the haves and have-nots has widened in all the NAFTA countries. Millions of jobs have been lost across the three NAFTA countries. The nature of work has changed as well. The supposed gains from NAFTA have not been realized and this has left many people concerned about the current and future direction of trade rules that use NAFTA as a model. Within this analysis, different sectors of civil society–including labor and environmental groups–emphasize the negative effects of NAFTA from their particular angle. As vital actors in the changes, women have begun to do the same. Preliminary statistics from a gender perspective offer compelling evidence that in the United States and the other signatory countries the differential impact of NAFTA on the quality of peoples’ lives, on the environment, and on sustainable development is often very negative. Some statistics in the areas of labor, agriculture, and migration follow. In the U.S., job loss has occurred in key sectors such as steel and textile manufacturing. The nature of work has also shifted over time from being primarily stable, long-term positions to work that is flexible, precarious, and tenuous. U.S.-owned multinationals have found it economically advantageous to shift production to Mexico and other places in the Global South where they can bypass labor and environmental regulations. This production model has resulted in weaker unions, flexible, tenuous labor with less benefits, and job loss. The following statistics demonstrate the losses: * In the United States , all 50 states have experienced job loss under NAFTA. The industrial states have experienced noticeable decreases in employment as industry has moved to Mexico .2 Many women who have lost jobs in the manufacturing sector and found new jobs in the service industry suffer a decrease in wages and stability.3 For example, Registered Nurses are increasingly contracted as part-time employees with no benefits and no overtime –as of 2000, 97.8% of the more than 2.6 million Registered Nurses in the U.S. are women.4 * In the state of Texas, for example, more than 17,000 garment manufacturing jobs have been lost as firms relocated to Mexico, and now China. Most of the workers affected by this transnational shift in production are first-generation Mexican women, many of whom are illiterate, speak little English, and have few prospects for finding comparable work.5 In 1996, the maquila industry in Mexico accounted for over U.S. $29 billion in annual export earnings and trailed only petroleum-related industries in economic importance.6 Although growing numbers of men now work in the maquiladora sector, almost 70% of the maquila workforce in Mexico is comprised of women.7 Working conditions in the maquilas are often unsafe for women and adolescent girls. Women have been denied fair working conditions and wages as a direct result of the type of foreign direct investment that was implemented under NAFTA. The jobs created under NAFTA did not improve the living conditions for many Mexican women workers who may be receiving a salary but work in precarious and unsafe conditions with social costs to their lives and that of their families related to violence, scarcity, long hours and forced overtime, and other hardships.8 Agricultural export-led production, as encouraged under NAFTA and promoted in other FTAs that the U.S. has initiated, largely favors U.S.-owned agribusiness by maintaining domestic supports and unfair subsidies while at the same time forcing open export markets. This model has changed the nature of farming and food production. Shifts in agricultural ownership and production over time have all but eliminated small family farming in the United States and largely wiped out the small farmers in Mexico ‘s rural sector. In addition, both prices for commodities and family farm incomes have plummeted and threats to the environment have increased.9 A few statistics on rural employment, environmental, food security, and gender-specific concerns are included below: * U.S. export-led production has driven down prices relative to costs and created massive rural unemployment in Mexico. For example, Mexican corn farmers comprise 29% of rural unemployment as a direct result of U.S. corn production under NAFTA.10 * Chemical fertilizers are used on the vast majority of U.S. corn crops. The run-off is a major source of water pollution, affecting drinking water throughout the cornbelt in the center of the country. Run-off into the Mississippi River contributes to a well-documented “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico, an area the size of a small U.S. state in which all life has been killed off.”11 * Despite U.S. citizen’s concerns about the potential health dangers of genetically modified crops, over 30% of U.S. corn production and over 70% of soy production is genetically modified.12 * Approximately 1.2 billion pounds of pesticides are used each year in the U.S., roughly 75% in agricultural production, much of which is targeted toward production for export.13 Farm workers, their families, and their communities are among those at greatest risk from pesticide exposure and related illness. An estimated 300,000 farm workers suffer pesticide poisoning every year in the U.S.14 In the adult sampling, women and Mexican Americans have the highest body-burden levels of several organochlorine pesticides. Children also carry high body-burden of many these pesticides, which damage the nervous system.15 * U.S. farm workers, the majority of whom are foreign-born and from Mexico, are among the poorest laborers in the U.S., falling well below the poverty threshold for single adults and families. * According to an OXFAM America report, workers in many cases are paid 30% less today than they were in 1980. * Women farm workers face particular discrimination in getting semi-skilled and skilled jobs. While men account for 80% of farm workers in the U.S., women are mainly hired in the packing houses and processing plants rather than in the fields. Women often need to work longer hours in order to earn the same income as men. At the same time, they often have primary responsibility for caring for their children and completing household chores.16 * The majority of U.S. farm workers are undocumented. They are more likely to have temporary jobs and migrate for seasonal work. Ninety-nine percent of all farm workers do not have social security or disability insurance and 95% do not have health insurance for non-work related injuries or illness.17 Migratory and seasonal work separates families, a burden further intensified by declining benefits. * Thirty-seven percent of adolescent farm workers in the U.S. work full time.18 Migration to the U.S. due to rural unemployment and overall lack of jobs has risen post-NAFTA. Foreign-born workers in the U.S. , many from Mexico , are increasingly sending remittances back to their home countries to help their families survive economically. Undocumented workers trying get into the U.S. are facing serious violence and even death. To date, there is not enough gender analysis of migration in the U.S. specifically related to NAFTA. Nonetheless, some statistics are available that indicate the growing number of women migrants and the specific problems they face: * Of the over 8 million undocumented workers in the U.S., over half are from Mexico.19 The majority of undocumented Mexican workers are men20, but the number of women is growing. * 346 people died along the 2,000 mile U.S. border with Mexico over the fiscal year 2002/2003. The number was 320 the year prior.21 * The Inter-American Development Bank projects that remittances sent from the United States to Latin America will exceed 30 billion in the year 2004. The border-states such as Texas, California, Arizona, and Florida as well as other areas like Washington, DC represent the largest populations from which money is being sent.22 * 43.5% of families receiving remittances in the rural sector of Mexico post-NAFTA are female-headed.23 * In the year 2000, women constituted more than half of the migrants in the Americas region as whole. (This includes South/South migration between Latin America and the Caribbean as well as South/North migration from Latin America and the Caribbean to the U.S. and Canada).24 Privatization and Deregulation Privatization and deregulation of services and other key sectors are prerequisites for opening up markets for trade and their impact on women is profound. The U.S. steps toward NAFTA and other free trade agreements are based on the assumption that privatization and deregulation have worked successfully at the national level. These shifts have taken place without ensuring the proper safeguards and regulations to ensure that peoples’ basic needs are being met. The reality is that along with the shifts toward private-sector services associated with NAFTA, people in the U.S. are experiencing a crisis in healthcare, social security, pensions, and welfare programs. These programs are being dismantled at the federal level through privatization and deregulation policies. As part of this trend, over 44 million people in the U.S. are uninsured for healthcare. The 1996 “Welfare to Work” legislation has resulted in major cuts in federal and state assistance to the poor, which are comprised mostly of women and ethnic minority groups. In 2002, households headed by single women comprised half of the families living in poverty.25 In many cases, privatization and deregulation compound the hardships caused by job loss and flexibilization of labor, since social services are reduced precisely when many families most need them. This preliminary set of statistics shows that the NAFTA model based on trade, finance, and investment liberalization, in line with ongoing privatization and deregulation policy shifts, is having a negative impact on many women and their families’ livelihoods. Ten years after the World Conference on Women in Beijing and after NAFTA, U.S. women should demand different macroeconomic policies that will promote rather than reverse our human rights, and that will increase and not diminish our solidarity with our sisters in the global women’s movement. ALEXANDRA SPIELDOCH is with the Center of Concern and coordinator of the International Trade and Gender Network. 1. United Nations Beijing Platform for Action. Chapters on Poverty and the Economy. Beijing, China. 1995. 2. Robert E. Scott, “The High Cost of Free Trade: NAFTA’s Failure Has Cost the United States Across the Nation.” Economic Policy Insitute. November, 2003. 3. Elizabeth Kahling, ” U.S. Women Workers: Trends and Trade.” August, 2002 4. Bill Brubaker. “Hospitals Go Abroad to Fill Slots for Nurses.” Washington Post, 2001. 5. Charlie LeDuff, “Mexicans Who Came North Struggle as Jobs Head South.” New York Times, October 13, 2004. 6. Miriam Ching Louie. Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Women Take on the Global Factory. 2001, p. 69. 8. Bama Athreya and Cathy Feingold. “How will the FTAA Impact Women Workers?” excerpt from Breaking Boundaries II: The Free Trade Area of the Americas and Women: Understanding the Connections. U.S. Gender and Trade Network. September 2003, p.5. 9. Robert E. Scott and Adam S. Hersch. “Trading Away U.S. Farms.” September, 2001. 10. “Making Global Trade Work for People.” Heinrich Boell Foundation, Wallace Global Fund, UNDP, the Rockefeller Foundation, 2003, 132. 11. Alejandro Nadal and Timothy Wise, “The Environmental Costs of Agricultural Trade Liberalization: U.S.-Mexico Maize Trade Under NAFTA,” in Globalization and the Environment, Lessons from the Americas, Working Groups on Trade and Environment in the Americas, Heinrich Boll Foundation, June 2004, p. 29. Available at http://www.boell.de/downloads/global/Boell_LessonsAmericas.pdf. 12. “Genetically Modified Crops in the United States.” Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology. A Project of the University of Richmond. August, 2004. 13. Kristin Shafer, Margaret Reeves, Skip Spitzer and Susan E. Kegley, Chemical Trespass: Pesticides in our bodies and Corporate Accountability. Pesticide Action Network in North America . May 2004, p. 31. 14. Oxfam America. Like Machines in the Fields: Workers Without Rights in American Agriculture. March 2004, p. 3. 15. Ibid, p. 5-7. 16. Ibid, p. 2-7. 17. Ibid, p.3 -8. 18. Ibid., p. 7. 19. Michael Fix and Passel, Jeffrey S. “Immigration and Immigrants: Setting the Record Straight,” The Urban Institute (May 1994). 20. “NAFTA and the FTAA: A Gender Analysis of Employment and Poverty Impacts in Agriculture.” Women’s EDGE. November, 2003, p. 29 21. “Border Deaths hit Record High.” Compiled by Weekly News Update on the Americas, available at http://www.americas.org/news/nir/20031003_border_deaths_hit_record_high.asp 22. Inter-American Development Bank. “Sending Money Home: Remittances from the U.S. to Latin America, 2004.” http://www.iadb.org/exr/remittances/ranking.cfm?Language=English 23. “NAFTA and the FTAA: A Gender Analysis of Employment and Poverty Impacts in Agriculture.” Women’s EDGE. November, 2003, p. 30. 24. Hania Zlotnik. The Global Dimensions of Female Migration, March 2003. www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=109 25. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. “Number of Americans Without Health Insurance Rose in 2002. October 8, 2003. www.cbpp.org
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In Philip K. Dick’s short story “Autofac,” which appeared in the November 1955 edition of Galaxy Science Fiction, tungsten shortages in Pittsburgh and Detroit pinch the network operating autonomous underground factories around the planet. The Autofac network searches far and wide for scrap metal to fill self-driving ore carts. Governing the whole system, artificial intelligence remains oblivious to humans. “We’re licked,” one character says, “like always. We humans lose every time.” The primary concern is the factories’ self-replication, no matter the cost to the environment or people. The story appeared a year before AI research got started with a conference at Dartmouth College. Attendees proposed to “make machines use language, form, abstractions, and concepts to solve all kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves.” The name “artificial intelligence” was coined at this time. More than 60 years and a couple of developmental pauses later, AI is infused in every aspect of manufacturing, from product design to distribution. And Dick’s sci-fi nightmare looks archaic. “In many cases, AI is freeing up time, creativity, and human capital, essentially letting people work more like humans and less like robots,” write Paul R. Daugherty and H. James Wilson in “Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI.” “By collaborating with robots, we will reach new levels of productivity with more adaptive assembly lines. The safer, less bored worker will update a co-bot on each shift, maybe entering some new code. If things get sticky, a data hygienist — one of the new specialized jobs to be created — is on hand in the plant. Even back office functions — order processing and production runs — will benefit from AI gnawing through large amounts of data and, as a big bonus, making decisions.” A “lights-out” factory operating on its own with just occasional checks by humans might still be a little far out, although FANUC, which has its American headquarters in Rochester Hills, has had robots building robots since (fittingly) 2001. Even as we embrace the current level of manufacturing technology, Industry 4.0, obstacles remain before there can be full acceptance and implementation of important tools. “The biggest challenges that we’re seeing are in good data-collection,” says Chuck Werner, lean program manager at the Michigan Manufacturing Technology Center in Plymouth Township. Imparting Six Sigma practice fires Werner up. “Most places, if they’re collecting data, it’s manual. Some are still not collecting data.” Industry 4.0 requires a big push among manufacturers to become real-time, data-driven organizations, Werner says. The first step is to identify the best data to collect, which means broadly installing sensors before looking at key performance indicators like uptime, throughput, and costs. “Large manufacturers can throw sensors on everything, try to figure out which are important, then reproduce only the things they need to be collecting,” Werner says. The problem is, many small- to medium-sized manufacturers lack the R&D, and maybe even the initiative, to sprinkle sensors around like salt. Another bugbear is in implementing technology already at hand. Werner has seen companies buy programs to automate things such as purchasing raw materials, scheduling workflow, and tracking inventory — yet a paucity of training on these programs can lead to limited use and little return on investment. He summons up a manager’s voice: “I can’t see the reports I want to see, and nobody knows how to modify the program to get them. So I’m just not going to use the system — I guess I’ll go back to Excel.” As an example of a manufacturer “well down the lean journey,” Werner cites Brembo’s 750,000-square-foot operation in Homer, southwest of Jackson. Brembo, which was formed in Italy in 1961, makes brakes for the seventh-generation Chevrolet Corvette and other high-performance production vehicles. Acquiring the former Hayes Lemmerz International operation in 2007, Brembo has expanded at the site, including a $100-million investment to open its first North American cast-iron foundry in 2016. The company’s North American headquarters in Plymouth Township houses R&D, sales and marketing, and central staff units. Altogether in the United States, Brembo employs about 800 people. “I think the plant has done an excellent job working on several of the advanced manufacturing principles,” says Dan Sandberg, president and CEO of Brembo North America, who has had responsibilities at the Homer plant since 1999 and now oversees operations in Mexico, as well. “They use a lot of technical tools to improve the flow and flexibility of the plant. It’s very clean. The automated process flow is very well-drawn-out, so you don’t have a lot of wasted movement.” Brake rotors are heavy, of course, so Brembo has robots to do the lifting. Raw materials go in one door and precisely finished products get loaded onto trucks outside another. “We sensor almost the entire line operation. A single machine may give us 15 to 20 items that we’re tracking,” Sandberg says. Data accumulates and evaluations are made on such factors as vibration, temperature, weight, and cutting dimensions. What’s more, AI removes human judgment about adjustments and replacements from the equation. “Based on data that we give them that shows the variation in our machining process, the machine will automatically adjust to the pressure of the tool when it sees that the process is deviating,” he says. “You don’t want people making a change in the tooling process just based on how they’re feeling that day.” It shouldn’t be taken personally. In fact, with Industry 4.0, workers have a new array of implements and tasks, along with added authority. A tablet computer is essential for many station operators, who collaborate with AI robots in customized production. “That robot is working side by side with an employee in doing some of the things that a person may be doing,” Sandberg says. “We don’t like our employees to be loaders and unloaders. That’s terrible work. It’s work that’s boring and not very challenging.” Instead, the operator is managing robots and doing maintenance on the systems. Predictive maintenance is especially crucial for Brembo because, as Sandberg says, “All of our capacity is pretty precious for us.” At the foundry in particular, unanticipated downtime causes a chain reaction — or, as he calls it, an I Love Lucy situation — throughout the plant. Brembo is a large company that operates on four continents and has a workforce of 9,000 people. For small- to medium-sized companies that can’t afford high-priced programmable logic controllers to interface with production machines, startups like Oden Technologies in New York City provide new ways to analyze real-time efficiencies. Companies also face obstacles in adding sensors everywhere, to network through the Internet of Things. A 2018 report by CB Insights looked at this question and concluded, “Slapping cheap IoT sensors on everything isn’t a cure-all, and it’s entirely possible that more value gets created from a smaller number of more specialized, highly accurate IoT sensors.” To answer this question, Augury, an Israeli startup, provides machine-health solutions to more easily perform predictive maintenance. With an increasing emphasis on modular production methods and more customized goods — Brembo offers its brake calipers in a plethora of colors — CB Insights foresees a day when “humans are largely uninvolved with manufacturing.” The report asserts, “Presumably, tomorrow’s manufacturing process will eventually look like one huge, self-sustaining cyber-physical organism that only intermittently requires human intervention.” That means the “Autofac” of Dick’s imagination is coming true. But is the lights-out factory and elimination of most related jobs really that close? “It doesn’t bear out in the data,” says Tom Kelly, executive director and CEO of Automation Alley in Troy, a nonprofit think tank that bills itself as Michigan’s “Industry 4.0 Knowledge Center.” Kelly says a fall-off of jobs is worth watching for, “but every time robot sales go up, jobs go up. Every time robots sales dip, jobs dip. Companies apply robots to become more efficient because they see, on the horizon, more orders coming in. So as they become more efficient, they’re able to take more orders. Even though they’re using less people per order, they need more people.” The greater short-term problem may be that executives and managers of small- and mid-sized companies are resisting change. It could be due to apathy or limited technical background, but failing to move forward on automation means “we’re going to stagnate and decline.” Kelly recommends two things to prepare for the accelerating trend of AI integration. “If you’re in a position of leadership, you really need to understand what’s happening in the technology space, and then start to make educated guesses on what could disrupt your business as you know it,” he says. Depending on the chief information officer may not be enough. AI, 3-D printing, sensors, and big data could be disruptive forces, and the organization’s leader must ask how to ameliorate the problem. Outside help is available. “Don’t be the frog that boils in the water,” Kelly says. “Develop a plan for how you will act, and how you will mitigate the risks.” Part of that plan could involve managing changes that eliminate the most menial tasks. A 2017 New Yorker article, “Welcoming Our New Robot Overlords,” introduces the topic. The magazine visited Steelcase, the large office furniture manufacturer in Grand Rapids, and workers there said automation had made the factory “cleaner, less noisy, and more productive.” They were less bored and less physically taxed, as well. “So the question becomes, why continue to train people to work like robots?” ask the co-authors of “Human + Machine.” Their rosy picture of co-bots on the production line includes postulations about new positions that will be created for people. The Steelcase workers spoke of on-the-fly fixes in their plant. “When something went wrong with the assembly (process), they could diagnose the problem swiftly by consulting the data,” the article says. This observation anticipates one of the jobs for advanced AI — an algorithm forensics analyst. The analyst, say Daugherty and Wilson, will conduct an “autopsy” to explain a system’s logical mistake. A company of the right size should also have a transparency analyst who classifies why an algorithm acts as a “black box” — that is, protects intellectual property or is simply a critical piece of code and therefore hard to access. The transparency analyst’s database will be invaluable to the explainability strategist, who determines which AI technology is best for the application. “In many industries and countries, the most in-demand occupations or specialties did not exist 10 or even five years ago, and the pace of change is set to accelerate,” according to the most recent World Economic Forum report on the future of jobs. “By one popular estimate, 65 percent of children entering primary school today will ultimately end up working in completely new job types that don’t yet exist.” Thinking of jobs that have been displaced by technology in combination with social shifts, consider the gas lamplighters of the 19th century, who were displaced by electric lights. Other examples include railroad brakemen, newsroom copy boys and print shop typesetters, gas station attendants, bowling alley pinsetters, and baseball park scoreboard operators — not to mention all the manual assemblers who have disappeared in the mists of time. But in a conundrum that experts are still trying to solve, staffing today is the biggest problem for many companies. Consider Michigan’s manufacturing sector is one of the most advanced in the world, and yet the state’s unemployment rate is 4.1 percent (October 2019). “The simple truth is that companies can achieve the largest boost in performance when humans and machines work together as allies, not adversaries, in order to take advantage of each other’s complementary strengths,” write Daugherty and Wilson. Rather than being the threat envisioned by Philip K. Dick, AI holds the promise of expanding productivity — and the wealth that goes with it — as well as pushing humans to achieve their fuller potential. Jobs Of The Future Computers learn to adapt to humans. People teach them things like empathy and world views. Some computers might not understand, though. Screaming at the phone about the performance of the Cincinnati Bengals football team still gets you to their billing department. Bots coach managers, too. Someone has to explain to Sleepy Sam, head of purchasing, how the water will continue to sweep over his bow unless he starts using internal combustion engines instead of oarsmen. And stop blaming human resources for sending over extra people. Meet the AI safety engineers, who offer a cheery, machine-like refrain to any human question. They might respond: “We’re here to allay distrust. Your inquiry is not a problem. Awesome! I’m reaching out to our machine relations manager right now and we will solve your problem lickety-split.” Automation Alley, a nonprofit think tank in Troy that bills itself as the Industry 4.0 Knowledge Center for Michigan, centers its focus on future productivity offerings. “We’re trying to look around the bend and over the hill about what technology is coming,” says Tom Kelly, executive director and CEO of Automation Alley. Yes, Industry 4.0 will affect manufacturing, but also the health care, agriculture, and retail sectors. DBusiness recently spoke with Kelly about what’s happening. DB: Who are smart manufacturing leaders? TK: Obviously, looking at the OEMs, Ford, GM, and FCA have been leaders for decades. They don’t get the credit they deserve. “Automation” and “smart factory” have been synonymous with the Detroit area for a long time. The (Big Three) have done a very good job of driving out waste, automating as much as they could, and finding that balance between automation and human labor. If you go down the food chain, you see companies like Hirotec America, a door and closure manufacturer in Auburn Hills. They sit on our board of directors. They’ve done a wonderful job in smart manufacturing. Most of the people in the region don’t do smart manufacturing very well because they don’t really understand it. DB: Do you see small and medium companies without in-house R&D outsourcing AI development? TK: The jury’s still out on what’s going to happen to the small and middle markets. As technology rapidly expands, one of the risks is that the benefits of technology and AI accrue to the very wealthy, i.e., the biggest corporations that can afford them. We’ve seen that happen in the purely digital side. In Silicon Valley, the first movers tend to be monopolistic: There’s one search engine, Google; there’s one social network, Facebook; there’s one online movie platform, Netflix; there’s one retailer, Amazon. So it’s not theoretical that all the wealth could accrue to a very few. Our job at Automation Alley is to make sure that doesn’t happen, especially in Michigan. We’re trying to protect that (supply and distribution) chain. Small businesses, by their very nature of being more innovative and agile, have the ability to survive and play a role going forward. DB: What frustrates you? TK: What’s frustrating is the apathy and lack of desire to understand and want to participate in the future. We’re having a dickens of a time getting the smaller players to pay attention. We’re shouting “Fire!” in the theater. They’re telling us, “Get lost, we want to finish the movie.” That’s our pain, and our shame. We can’t get them to move faster.
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<urn:uuid:50fa6815-36f9-4c69-a71f-d2c9f64dfba4>
CC-MAIN-2024-10
https://www.dodwrestlepod.com/post/the-ring-how-wwe-ring-is-made
2024-02-25T01:54:44Z
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"For ease of reference, the following factors for converting metric measurements into imperial equiv(...TRUNCATED)
<urn:uuid:5c3247c4-4fad-4a14-ba32-b2f4f7d1e49e>
CC-MAIN-2024-10
https://www.eldoradogold.com/glossary/default.aspx
2024-02-25T02:48:05Z
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Processed FineWeb-Edu Dataset

Dataset Name on Hugging Face: PursuitOfDataScience/processed-fineweb-edu

Overview

This dataset is a processed version of the FineWeb-Edu dataset, intended for language model training and NLP research. It has been tokenized and truncated according to a specified block size (i.e., 2048), preparing it for model pre-training or evaluation with transformer-based language models.

Source Dataset

Processing Steps

The dataset was processed using the Hugging Face Datasets library and a Hugging Face tokenizer. The primary steps include:

  1. Tokenization: Each text sample is encoded using the tokenizer’s .encode() method.
  2. Truncation: Token sequences are truncated to a specified block_size + 1.
  3. Filtering: Any sample with fewer than block_size + 1 tokens is removed.
  4. Saving: The processed data is saved to disk using ds.save_to_disk(processed_dir).

Below is the code excerpt used to perform these steps:

def load_nonstream_data(data_files, hf_tokenizer, block_size, num_proc=128):
    """
    Loads the entire dataset in memory either from a cached processed directory
    or processes it in parallel if not yet cached.
    Returns a list of token ID sequences.
    """

    processed_dir = "processed_data/tokenized_data"
    if os.path.exists(processed_dir):
        print(f"Loading cached dataset from '{processed_dir}'...")
        ds = load_from_disk(processed_dir)
        tokenized_data = ds["token_ids"]
        return tokenized_data

    print("No cached dataset found. Processing in parallel...")

    ds_dict = load_dataset("arrow", data_files=data_files, streaming=False)
    if "train" in ds_dict:
        ds = ds_dict["train"]
    else:
        ds = ds_dict

    def tokenize_and_truncate(example):
        text = example["text"] if "text" in example else ""
        token_ids = hf_tokenizer.encode(text)
        if len(token_ids) < block_size + 1:
            return {"token_ids": None}
        token_ids = token_ids[:block_size+1]
        return {"token_ids": token_ids}

    ds = ds.map(
        tokenize_and_truncate,
        batched=False,
        num_proc=num_proc
    )
    ds = ds.filter(lambda ex: ex["token_ids"] is not None, num_proc=num_proc)

    if "text" in ds.column_names:
        ds = ds.remove_columns(["text"])

    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(processed_dir), exist_ok=True)
    ds.save_to_disk(processed_dir)
    print(f"Processed dataset saved to '{processed_dir}'.")

    tokenized_data = ds["token_ids"]
    return tokenized_data

Dataset Structure

  • Columns:

    • token_ids: A list of token IDs representing a truncated text segment.
  • Splits:

    • This dataset is provided as a single split named train.

Intended Use & Applications

  • Language Modeling: Suitable for GPT-style or other auto-regressive models, focusing on educational text.
  • Fine-Tuning: Can be used to fine-tune existing models on educational text.
  • Research: Useful for experimentation in NLP tasks such as text generation.

How to Load

You can load this dataset directly from Hugging Face using the datasets library:

from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("PursuitOfDataScience/processed-fineweb-edu")
print(dataset)
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