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easy

Klemzig, South Australia was named after what from 1935 to 1936?

/wiki/Klemzig,_South_Australia#P138#2

Klemzig , South Australia Klemzig is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield . It was the first settlement of German immigrants in Australia and was named after the village of Klemzig , near Züllichau in southeastern Brandenburg in the German state of Prussia , where they originated from . That Klemzig is now in western Poland and is now known by the Polish name Klępsk . Background . The initial establishment of Klemzig as an Old Lutheran settlement in the South Australian Colony is attributed to a decision by Pastor August Ludwig Christian Kavel . Pastor Kavel was determined to help his loyal parishioners emigrate from Brandenburg , Posen and Silesia to escape religious persecution by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia . Pastor Kavel initially planned to move his parishioners to Russia near the Black Sea , where there were already numerous German settlements , but that had proved not to be feasible . Early in 1836 , Kavel travelled to Hamburg to investigate possible emigration to America , but lack of available financial assistance caused this plan to collapse . While in Hamburg , Kavel heard of the wealthy philanthropist , George Fife Angas , who was Chairman of the South Australian Company and likely to assist the Old Lutherans with their migration plans . Kavel and a representative of his congregation travelled to London in March 1836 and met a very sympathetic George Fife Angas . Angas was a Baptist and was convinced that the Old Lutherans , who placed such high value on their religious beliefs , would make excellent settlers in the South Australian Colony . Angas persuaded the Directors of the South Australian Company to support him in chartering and fitting out the barque Sarah which was to proceed to Hamburg . Here , 370 Old Lutherans were to set sail for South Australia on 8 June 1836 . However , Prussian authorities refused to grant the necessary passports until finally , after a distressing delay of nearly two years , the Prussian Government relented . Over the next six years , many ships brought Kavels Old Lutheran parishioners to the South Australian Colony . Ships . Some of the emigrant ships included : - The barque Bengalee departed Hamburg on 16 July 1838 and after a seven-day stop off at Kingscote ( Kangaroo Island ) arrived in Port Adelaide on 16 November 1838 . On board were 33 passengers . - The passenger ship The Prince George departed Hamburg on 13 July 1838 and arrived in Port Adelaide on 18 November 1838 . On board were 207 passengers including Pastor Kavel . - The passenger ship Zebra departed Altona on 28 August 1838 and arrived in Port Adelaide on 27 December 1838 . On board were 191 passengers . A listing of the ships cargo log also reveals that on board were 40,924 bricks presumably for the establishment of new dwellings . - The barque Cathrina departed Hamburg on 15 September 1838 and arrived in Port Adelaide on 20 January 1839 . On board were 122 passengers . - The passenger ship Skjold departed Altona on 3 July 1841 and arrived in Port Adelaide on 27 October 1841 . On board were 241 passengers . Official records show that the three-month journey claimed the lives of 41 people . - The passenger ship Taglione departed London on 20 June 1842 and arrived in Port Adelaide on 13 October 1842 . An unknown number of passengers were on board . - The passenger ship George Washington departed Hamburg on 23 May 1844 and arrived in Port Adelaide on 12 September 1844 . On board were 184 passengers . - The schooner Joseph Albino departed London on 4 July 1845 and arrived in Port Adelaide on 8 December 1845 . On board were 7 passengers . Settlement . In March 1837 Colonel William Light completed surveying Kangaroo Island , Encounter Bay , Port Lincoln and the Adelaide Plains . Light eventually chose the Adelaide Plains as the most suitable location for the capital . The first groups of Old Lutheran emigrants arrived in Port Misery between October 1838 and January 1839 . With the assistance of George Fife Angas , many attempted to integrate into the local community by becoming tradespeople and labourers . Due to the scarcity of work , the lack of English as their preferred language , and the prejudice from the already established British farmers , many Old Lutherans found settlement increasingly hard . In 1838 , Klemzig was founded by these emigrants after George Fife Angas offered a section of land bordering the Torrens River , a few kilometres to the north-east of Adelaide . Renaming . Due to anti-German sentiment during World War I , the name of Klemzig was changed , as were many other German place names in Australia at the time . In 1917 Klemzig was renamed Gaza , commemorating the British victory in the Third Battle of Gaza , in which Australian troops had a major role . Klemzig was re-instated as the suburb name with the enactment of the South Australia Nomenclature Act of 1935 on 12 December 1935 , but remnants of the name Gaza still exist with the local football club still bearing the name . During World War II the residents of Klemzig petitioned the Government of South Australia on a number of occasions to have the name Gaza re-instated but these requests were denied . Transport . Klemzig is currently serviced by several bus routes , including 271 and 273 along North East Road and 281 on McLauchlan Road , and the suburb is also served by Klemzig Interchange of the O-Bahn Busway . Torrens Linear Park borders the O-Bahn and River Torrens to the south of the suburb and there is easy access to the CBD as well as neighbouring suburbs .

easy

Where was Rayson Huang educated from 1925 to 1926?

/wiki/Rayson_Huang#P69#0

Rayson Huang Rayson Lisung Huang , ( ; 1 September 1920 − 8 April 2015 ) , was a Hong Kong chemist , who was an expert on radicals . He was the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong , a position in which he served from 1972 until 1986 . Early years . Huangs family came from Shantou , Guangdong . He completed his primary and secondary education at Munsang College , where his father was the founding principal . He later attended St . Johns University in Shanghai in 1937 , but his studies were interrupted by the Japanese invasion . After 1938 he continued his studies as a scholarship student at The University of Hong Kong . In Hong Kong Huang majored in chemistry at St . Johns Hall ( now called St . Johns College ) . In addition to his academic studies , Huang was an accomplished violinist . Following the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in 1941 , Huang briefly worked with British auxiliary forces and was responsible for detecting chemical weapons . In 1942 his studies at the University were interrupted when the school was forced to close . Huang returned to China in 1942 and arrived in Guangxi . By 1945 Huang had followed other members of The University of Hong Kong chemistry department to Britain and received a scholarship to study at the University of Oxfords Institute of Chemistry . He received at doctorate in chemistry and subsequently pursued his post-doctoral research at the University of Chicago . During his study in Chicago , he met his future wife Grace Wei Huang . Academic career . In 1951 , Huang taught chemistry at the University of Malaya in Singapore ( now National University of Singapore ) and later he was transferred to University of Malayas Kuala Lumpur campus . He became a tenured professor of chemistry and then acting Vice-Chancellor and Dean of the Faculty of Science . University administrator . In 1969 Huang was appointed as Vice-Chancellor at Nanyang University in Singapore . In 1972 Huang became the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong and quelled a student demonstration during a royal visit to Hong Kong . In addition , he served in various capacities including becoming a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee in drafting Hong Kongs post handover constitution . Rayson Huang and his wife retired in 1994 and lived with their son . Retirement and post-academic life . By 1999 the Huangs returned to Hong Kong . His wife Grace who was suffering from senile dementia then died in Hong Kong . To commemorate his wifes life , Rayson Huang established the Grace Wei Huang Memorial Fund . and authored a memoir , A Lifetime in Academia : An autobiography by Rayson Huang , the proceeds from which will be set aside for the fund . Huang had a wide range of hobbies , one of the most special having been the study of violin making . He returned to Hong Kong on a regular basis . Huang also established the Progress of Hong Kongs Rayson Huang and the Rayson Huang Foundation . in Malaysia . External links . - The oral history of Rayson Huang - Hong Kong Memory

easy

Where was Rayson Huang educated from 1926 to 1937?

/wiki/Rayson_Huang#P69#1

Rayson Huang Rayson Lisung Huang , ( ; 1 September 1920 − 8 April 2015 ) , was a Hong Kong chemist , who was an expert on radicals . He was the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong , a position in which he served from 1972 until 1986 . Early years . Huangs family came from Shantou , Guangdong . He completed his primary and secondary education at Munsang College , where his father was the founding principal . He later attended St . Johns University in Shanghai in 1937 , but his studies were interrupted by the Japanese invasion . After 1938 he continued his studies as a scholarship student at The University of Hong Kong . In Hong Kong Huang majored in chemistry at St . Johns Hall ( now called St . Johns College ) . In addition to his academic studies , Huang was an accomplished violinist . Following the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in 1941 , Huang briefly worked with British auxiliary forces and was responsible for detecting chemical weapons . In 1942 his studies at the University were interrupted when the school was forced to close . Huang returned to China in 1942 and arrived in Guangxi . By 1945 Huang had followed other members of The University of Hong Kong chemistry department to Britain and received a scholarship to study at the University of Oxfords Institute of Chemistry . He received at doctorate in chemistry and subsequently pursued his post-doctoral research at the University of Chicago . During his study in Chicago , he met his future wife Grace Wei Huang . Academic career . In 1951 , Huang taught chemistry at the University of Malaya in Singapore ( now National University of Singapore ) and later he was transferred to University of Malayas Kuala Lumpur campus . He became a tenured professor of chemistry and then acting Vice-Chancellor and Dean of the Faculty of Science . University administrator . In 1969 Huang was appointed as Vice-Chancellor at Nanyang University in Singapore . In 1972 Huang became the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong and quelled a student demonstration during a royal visit to Hong Kong . In addition , he served in various capacities including becoming a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee in drafting Hong Kongs post handover constitution . Rayson Huang and his wife retired in 1994 and lived with their son . Retirement and post-academic life . By 1999 the Huangs returned to Hong Kong . His wife Grace who was suffering from senile dementia then died in Hong Kong . To commemorate his wifes life , Rayson Huang established the Grace Wei Huang Memorial Fund . and authored a memoir , A Lifetime in Academia : An autobiography by Rayson Huang , the proceeds from which will be set aside for the fund . Huang had a wide range of hobbies , one of the most special having been the study of violin making . He returned to Hong Kong on a regular basis . Huang also established the Progress of Hong Kongs Rayson Huang and the Rayson Huang Foundation . in Malaysia . External links . - The oral history of Rayson Huang - Hong Kong Memory

easy

Which school did Rayson Huang go to from 1937 to 1938?

/wiki/Rayson_Huang#P69#2

Rayson Huang Rayson Lisung Huang , ( ; 1 September 1920 − 8 April 2015 ) , was a Hong Kong chemist , who was an expert on radicals . He was the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong , a position in which he served from 1972 until 1986 . Early years . Huangs family came from Shantou , Guangdong . He completed his primary and secondary education at Munsang College , where his father was the founding principal . He later attended St . Johns University in Shanghai in 1937 , but his studies were interrupted by the Japanese invasion . After 1938 he continued his studies as a scholarship student at The University of Hong Kong . In Hong Kong Huang majored in chemistry at St . Johns Hall ( now called St . Johns College ) . In addition to his academic studies , Huang was an accomplished violinist . Following the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in 1941 , Huang briefly worked with British auxiliary forces and was responsible for detecting chemical weapons . In 1942 his studies at the University were interrupted when the school was forced to close . Huang returned to China in 1942 and arrived in Guangxi . By 1945 Huang had followed other members of The University of Hong Kong chemistry department to Britain and received a scholarship to study at the University of Oxfords Institute of Chemistry . He received at doctorate in chemistry and subsequently pursued his post-doctoral research at the University of Chicago . During his study in Chicago , he met his future wife Grace Wei Huang . Academic career . In 1951 , Huang taught chemistry at the University of Malaya in Singapore ( now National University of Singapore ) and later he was transferred to University of Malayas Kuala Lumpur campus . He became a tenured professor of chemistry and then acting Vice-Chancellor and Dean of the Faculty of Science . University administrator . In 1969 Huang was appointed as Vice-Chancellor at Nanyang University in Singapore . In 1972 Huang became the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong and quelled a student demonstration during a royal visit to Hong Kong . In addition , he served in various capacities including becoming a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee in drafting Hong Kongs post handover constitution . Rayson Huang and his wife retired in 1994 and lived with their son . Retirement and post-academic life . By 1999 the Huangs returned to Hong Kong . His wife Grace who was suffering from senile dementia then died in Hong Kong . To commemorate his wifes life , Rayson Huang established the Grace Wei Huang Memorial Fund . and authored a memoir , A Lifetime in Academia : An autobiography by Rayson Huang , the proceeds from which will be set aside for the fund . Huang had a wide range of hobbies , one of the most special having been the study of violin making . He returned to Hong Kong on a regular basis . Huang also established the Progress of Hong Kongs Rayson Huang and the Rayson Huang Foundation . in Malaysia . External links . - The oral history of Rayson Huang - Hong Kong Memory

easy

Which school did Rayson Huang go to from 1938 to 1942?

/wiki/Rayson_Huang#P69#3

Rayson Huang Rayson Lisung Huang , ( ; 1 September 1920 − 8 April 2015 ) , was a Hong Kong chemist , who was an expert on radicals . He was the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong , a position in which he served from 1972 until 1986 . Early years . Huangs family came from Shantou , Guangdong . He completed his primary and secondary education at Munsang College , where his father was the founding principal . He later attended St . Johns University in Shanghai in 1937 , but his studies were interrupted by the Japanese invasion . After 1938 he continued his studies as a scholarship student at The University of Hong Kong . In Hong Kong Huang majored in chemistry at St . Johns Hall ( now called St . Johns College ) . In addition to his academic studies , Huang was an accomplished violinist . Following the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in 1941 , Huang briefly worked with British auxiliary forces and was responsible for detecting chemical weapons . In 1942 his studies at the University were interrupted when the school was forced to close . Huang returned to China in 1942 and arrived in Guangxi . By 1945 Huang had followed other members of The University of Hong Kong chemistry department to Britain and received a scholarship to study at the University of Oxfords Institute of Chemistry . He received at doctorate in chemistry and subsequently pursued his post-doctoral research at the University of Chicago . During his study in Chicago , he met his future wife Grace Wei Huang . Academic career . In 1951 , Huang taught chemistry at the University of Malaya in Singapore ( now National University of Singapore ) and later he was transferred to University of Malayas Kuala Lumpur campus . He became a tenured professor of chemistry and then acting Vice-Chancellor and Dean of the Faculty of Science . University administrator . In 1969 Huang was appointed as Vice-Chancellor at Nanyang University in Singapore . In 1972 Huang became the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong and quelled a student demonstration during a royal visit to Hong Kong . In addition , he served in various capacities including becoming a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee in drafting Hong Kongs post handover constitution . Rayson Huang and his wife retired in 1994 and lived with their son . Retirement and post-academic life . By 1999 the Huangs returned to Hong Kong . His wife Grace who was suffering from senile dementia then died in Hong Kong . To commemorate his wifes life , Rayson Huang established the Grace Wei Huang Memorial Fund . and authored a memoir , A Lifetime in Academia : An autobiography by Rayson Huang , the proceeds from which will be set aside for the fund . Huang had a wide range of hobbies , one of the most special having been the study of violin making . He returned to Hong Kong on a regular basis . Huang also established the Progress of Hong Kongs Rayson Huang and the Rayson Huang Foundation . in Malaysia . External links . - The oral history of Rayson Huang - Hong Kong Memory

easy

Where was Rayson Huang educated from 1942 to 1944?

/wiki/Rayson_Huang#P69#4

Rayson Huang Rayson Lisung Huang , ( ; 1 September 1920 − 8 April 2015 ) , was a Hong Kong chemist , who was an expert on radicals . He was the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong , a position in which he served from 1972 until 1986 . Early years . Huangs family came from Shantou , Guangdong . He completed his primary and secondary education at Munsang College , where his father was the founding principal . He later attended St . Johns University in Shanghai in 1937 , but his studies were interrupted by the Japanese invasion . After 1938 he continued his studies as a scholarship student at The University of Hong Kong . In Hong Kong Huang majored in chemistry at St . Johns Hall ( now called St . Johns College ) . In addition to his academic studies , Huang was an accomplished violinist . Following the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in 1941 , Huang briefly worked with British auxiliary forces and was responsible for detecting chemical weapons . In 1942 his studies at the University were interrupted when the school was forced to close . Huang returned to China in 1942 and arrived in Guangxi . By 1945 Huang had followed other members of The University of Hong Kong chemistry department to Britain and received a scholarship to study at the University of Oxfords Institute of Chemistry . He received at doctorate in chemistry and subsequently pursued his post-doctoral research at the University of Chicago . During his study in Chicago , he met his future wife Grace Wei Huang . Academic career . In 1951 , Huang taught chemistry at the University of Malaya in Singapore ( now National University of Singapore ) and later he was transferred to University of Malayas Kuala Lumpur campus . He became a tenured professor of chemistry and then acting Vice-Chancellor and Dean of the Faculty of Science . University administrator . In 1969 Huang was appointed as Vice-Chancellor at Nanyang University in Singapore . In 1972 Huang became the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong and quelled a student demonstration during a royal visit to Hong Kong . In addition , he served in various capacities including becoming a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee in drafting Hong Kongs post handover constitution . Rayson Huang and his wife retired in 1994 and lived with their son . Retirement and post-academic life . By 1999 the Huangs returned to Hong Kong . His wife Grace who was suffering from senile dementia then died in Hong Kong . To commemorate his wifes life , Rayson Huang established the Grace Wei Huang Memorial Fund . and authored a memoir , A Lifetime in Academia : An autobiography by Rayson Huang , the proceeds from which will be set aside for the fund . Huang had a wide range of hobbies , one of the most special having been the study of violin making . He returned to Hong Kong on a regular basis . Huang also established the Progress of Hong Kongs Rayson Huang and the Rayson Huang Foundation . in Malaysia . External links . - The oral history of Rayson Huang - Hong Kong Memory

easy

Rayson Huang went to which school from 1944 to 1947?

/wiki/Rayson_Huang#P69#5

Rayson Huang Rayson Lisung Huang , ( ; 1 September 1920 − 8 April 2015 ) , was a Hong Kong chemist , who was an expert on radicals . He was the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong , a position in which he served from 1972 until 1986 . Early years . Huangs family came from Shantou , Guangdong . He completed his primary and secondary education at Munsang College , where his father was the founding principal . He later attended St . Johns University in Shanghai in 1937 , but his studies were interrupted by the Japanese invasion . After 1938 he continued his studies as a scholarship student at The University of Hong Kong . In Hong Kong Huang majored in chemistry at St . Johns Hall ( now called St . Johns College ) . In addition to his academic studies , Huang was an accomplished violinist . Following the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in 1941 , Huang briefly worked with British auxiliary forces and was responsible for detecting chemical weapons . In 1942 his studies at the University were interrupted when the school was forced to close . Huang returned to China in 1942 and arrived in Guangxi . By 1945 Huang had followed other members of The University of Hong Kong chemistry department to Britain and received a scholarship to study at the University of Oxfords Institute of Chemistry . He received at doctorate in chemistry and subsequently pursued his post-doctoral research at the University of Chicago . During his study in Chicago , he met his future wife Grace Wei Huang . Academic career . In 1951 , Huang taught chemistry at the University of Malaya in Singapore ( now National University of Singapore ) and later he was transferred to University of Malayas Kuala Lumpur campus . He became a tenured professor of chemistry and then acting Vice-Chancellor and Dean of the Faculty of Science . University administrator . In 1969 Huang was appointed as Vice-Chancellor at Nanyang University in Singapore . In 1972 Huang became the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong and quelled a student demonstration during a royal visit to Hong Kong . In addition , he served in various capacities including becoming a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee in drafting Hong Kongs post handover constitution . Rayson Huang and his wife retired in 1994 and lived with their son . Retirement and post-academic life . By 1999 the Huangs returned to Hong Kong . His wife Grace who was suffering from senile dementia then died in Hong Kong . To commemorate his wifes life , Rayson Huang established the Grace Wei Huang Memorial Fund . and authored a memoir , A Lifetime in Academia : An autobiography by Rayson Huang , the proceeds from which will be set aside for the fund . Huang had a wide range of hobbies , one of the most special having been the study of violin making . He returned to Hong Kong on a regular basis . Huang also established the Progress of Hong Kongs Rayson Huang and the Rayson Huang Foundation . in Malaysia . External links . - The oral history of Rayson Huang - Hong Kong Memory

easy

Rayson Huang went to which school from 1947 to 1956?

/wiki/Rayson_Huang#P69#6

Rayson Huang Rayson Lisung Huang , ( ; 1 September 1920 − 8 April 2015 ) , was a Hong Kong chemist , who was an expert on radicals . He was the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong , a position in which he served from 1972 until 1986 . Early years . Huangs family came from Shantou , Guangdong . He completed his primary and secondary education at Munsang College , where his father was the founding principal . He later attended St . Johns University in Shanghai in 1937 , but his studies were interrupted by the Japanese invasion . After 1938 he continued his studies as a scholarship student at The University of Hong Kong . In Hong Kong Huang majored in chemistry at St . Johns Hall ( now called St . Johns College ) . In addition to his academic studies , Huang was an accomplished violinist . Following the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in 1941 , Huang briefly worked with British auxiliary forces and was responsible for detecting chemical weapons . In 1942 his studies at the University were interrupted when the school was forced to close . Huang returned to China in 1942 and arrived in Guangxi . By 1945 Huang had followed other members of The University of Hong Kong chemistry department to Britain and received a scholarship to study at the University of Oxfords Institute of Chemistry . He received at doctorate in chemistry and subsequently pursued his post-doctoral research at the University of Chicago . During his study in Chicago , he met his future wife Grace Wei Huang . Academic career . In 1951 , Huang taught chemistry at the University of Malaya in Singapore ( now National University of Singapore ) and later he was transferred to University of Malayas Kuala Lumpur campus . He became a tenured professor of chemistry and then acting Vice-Chancellor and Dean of the Faculty of Science . University administrator . In 1969 Huang was appointed as Vice-Chancellor at Nanyang University in Singapore . In 1972 Huang became the first Chinese Vice-Chancellor of The University of Hong Kong and quelled a student demonstration during a royal visit to Hong Kong . In addition , he served in various capacities including becoming a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee in drafting Hong Kongs post handover constitution . Rayson Huang and his wife retired in 1994 and lived with their son . Retirement and post-academic life . By 1999 the Huangs returned to Hong Kong . His wife Grace who was suffering from senile dementia then died in Hong Kong . To commemorate his wifes life , Rayson Huang established the Grace Wei Huang Memorial Fund . and authored a memoir , A Lifetime in Academia : An autobiography by Rayson Huang , the proceeds from which will be set aside for the fund . Huang had a wide range of hobbies , one of the most special having been the study of violin making . He returned to Hong Kong on a regular basis . Huang also established the Progress of Hong Kongs Rayson Huang and the Rayson Huang Foundation . in Malaysia . External links . - The oral history of Rayson Huang - Hong Kong Memory

easy

What was the position of Wu Po-hsiung from Jul 1988 to Jun 1990?

/wiki/Wu_Po-hsiung#P39#0

Wu Po-hsiung Wu Po-hsiung ( ; born 19 June 1939 ) is a Taiwanese politician who is a former chairman of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) . He has been the Interior Minister ( 1984-1988 ) , Mayor of Taipei ( 1988–1990 ) , Secretary-General to the President ( 1991–1996 ) , and Chairman of the KMT ( 2007-2009 ) . Wu was nominated as Honorary Chairman of the Kuomintang when he was succeeded by Ma Ying-jeou as the Chairman of the Kuomintang . Early life . Born to a Hakka family in Zhongli , Taoyuan in 1939 , Wu received a bachelors degree in business administration from National Cheng Kung University in 1962 . Early political life . He entered politics when he was elected into the Taiwan Provincial Council in the Taoyuan County electoral district from 1968 to 1972 Taoyuan County Magistrate . Wu become the Magistrate of Taoyuan County from 1973 to 1976 . His father Wu Hong-ling had served in the same position from 1960 to 1964 . ROC Interior Ministry . Wu become the Ministry of the Interior twice in 1984-1988 and 1991-1994 . ROC citizens permitted to visit China . On 15 October 1987 , Wu announced the lifting of prohibition of ROC citizens to travel to the Mainland Area . Citizens were allowed to do so for family visits . KMT Vice Chairmanship . Wu was the first vice-chairman of the main opposition Kuomintang party after Kuomintang lost in the 2000 ROC Presidential Election to the Democratic Progressive Party . KMT Chairmanship . After Chairman Ma Ying-jeou resigned on 13 February 2007 , he became the acting chairman . Wu , however , subsequently resigned his post as acting chairman and member of the Central Standing Committee on 14 March 2007 in order to compete in the KMT chairman election scheduled for 7 April 2007 . Ma announced his support for Wu for chairmanship . Wu eventually won the party chairmanship election and become KMT Chairman on 11 April 2007 . He garnered about 90% of votes cast , defeated KMT Legislator Hung Hsiu-chu . Of all eligible voters , about 53% voted . Cross-strait relations . 2005 China visit . In April 2005 , Wu joined Lien Chan and other Pan-Blue officials to visit China . 2009 China visit . In May 2009 , Wu left for China for an 8-day visit . He was accompanied by three KMT Vice Chairmen , Lin Fong-cheng , Wu Den-yih ( which doubles as KMT Secretary-General ) and John Chiang . Wang Yi , Director of Taiwan Affairs Office welcomed the delegations upon arrival in Beijing . Prior to departure , Wu said that we would not mention the Republic of China if the Beijing government did not mention the Peoples Republic of China as well . If Beijing was to refrain from mentioning the One China principle , then he also would not talk about the 1992 consensus . The delegations visited several cities . In Beijing , they visited the Guangdong-Guangxi House , where Sun Yat-sen was elected as Chairman of Kuomintang in 1912 . In Hangzhou , they visited the Manao Temple , where a museum of Lian Heng is located . In Nanjing , they visited Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum . And in Chongqing , they attended the Taiwan Week celebration organized by Taiwanese businessmen doing business in China . 2012 Beijing visit . Wu lead a delegation from Taiwan to visit Beijing in March 2012 to meet Hu Jintao , the then-General Secretary of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) ; Wu proposed that cross-strait relations be governed under the framework of one country , two areas ( 一國兩區 ) , in which from the Republic of Chinas point of view , ROC consists of Taiwan area and the mainland area . Among the delegates are three of Kuomintang vice chairpersons , which are Lin Fong-cheng , John Chiang and Hung Hsiu-chu . Taiwanese branch of Bank of China . On 27 June 2012 , Wu attended the opening ceremony of the first Taiwanese branch of the Bank of China . The ceremony was held in Taipei and Wu was accompanied by Straits Exchange Foundation Chairman Chiang Pin-kung , Bank of China President Li Lihui and the banks Taiwan branch General Manager Tsai Rong-jun . 2013 Beijing visit . Wu visited Beijing on 12–14 June 2013 to meet with Xi Jinping , General Secretary of the Communist Party for the first time since Xi took office , accompanied by high ranking KMT officials , such as Chan Chun-po , Hung Hsiu-chu , Huang Min-hui and Su Chi . Accompanying Xi Jinping was Wang Huning , Li Zhanshu , Yang Jiechi and Zhang Zhijun from the CPC . 2013 Yunnan CPC secretary visit . During a meeting between Wu and visiting Yunnan Communist Party of China secretary , Qin Guangrong , to Taiwan in mid September 2013 , Wu said that Taiwan and Mainland China should put aside political questions and disagreements aside to facilitate bilateral exchanges . He said that by showing patience , setting aside differences and focusing on economic cooperation and cultural exchanges , more common areas such as lifestyle and values would emerge . During the meeting , Qin encouraged Taiwanese businessmen to invest in Yunnan and make use of the province as the gateway to Southeast Asia and South Asia , creating business opportunities . He added that Yunnan welcomes Taiwanese farmers , township wardens , teachers , students , media and religious and business representatives . Qins delegation , which consisted of more than 200 people , participated in several activities while in Taiwan , such as promoting bilateral exchanges in education , culture , technology , tourism and civil aviation . 2013 Nanjing visit . In October 2013 , Wu traveled to Nanjing , Jiangsu to give a speech at the Xianlin Campus of Nanjing University . Personal life . Outside of Taiwanese politics , Wu is a prominent and practicing Buddhist and plays an active role in the Fo Guang Shan Buddhist Order . Before he ascended to the KMT chairmanship , Wu served as the second worldwide president of the Buddhas Light International Association .

easy

Which position did Wu Po-hsiung hold in Feb 2007?

/wiki/Wu_Po-hsiung#P39#1

Wu Po-hsiung Wu Po-hsiung ( ; born 19 June 1939 ) is a Taiwanese politician who is a former chairman of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) . He has been the Interior Minister ( 1984-1988 ) , Mayor of Taipei ( 1988–1990 ) , Secretary-General to the President ( 1991–1996 ) , and Chairman of the KMT ( 2007-2009 ) . Wu was nominated as Honorary Chairman of the Kuomintang when he was succeeded by Ma Ying-jeou as the Chairman of the Kuomintang . Early life . Born to a Hakka family in Zhongli , Taoyuan in 1939 , Wu received a bachelors degree in business administration from National Cheng Kung University in 1962 . Early political life . He entered politics when he was elected into the Taiwan Provincial Council in the Taoyuan County electoral district from 1968 to 1972 Taoyuan County Magistrate . Wu become the Magistrate of Taoyuan County from 1973 to 1976 . His father Wu Hong-ling had served in the same position from 1960 to 1964 . ROC Interior Ministry . Wu become the Ministry of the Interior twice in 1984-1988 and 1991-1994 . ROC citizens permitted to visit China . On 15 October 1987 , Wu announced the lifting of prohibition of ROC citizens to travel to the Mainland Area . Citizens were allowed to do so for family visits . KMT Vice Chairmanship . Wu was the first vice-chairman of the main opposition Kuomintang party after Kuomintang lost in the 2000 ROC Presidential Election to the Democratic Progressive Party . KMT Chairmanship . After Chairman Ma Ying-jeou resigned on 13 February 2007 , he became the acting chairman . Wu , however , subsequently resigned his post as acting chairman and member of the Central Standing Committee on 14 March 2007 in order to compete in the KMT chairman election scheduled for 7 April 2007 . Ma announced his support for Wu for chairmanship . Wu eventually won the party chairmanship election and become KMT Chairman on 11 April 2007 . He garnered about 90% of votes cast , defeated KMT Legislator Hung Hsiu-chu . Of all eligible voters , about 53% voted . Cross-strait relations . 2005 China visit . In April 2005 , Wu joined Lien Chan and other Pan-Blue officials to visit China . 2009 China visit . In May 2009 , Wu left for China for an 8-day visit . He was accompanied by three KMT Vice Chairmen , Lin Fong-cheng , Wu Den-yih ( which doubles as KMT Secretary-General ) and John Chiang . Wang Yi , Director of Taiwan Affairs Office welcomed the delegations upon arrival in Beijing . Prior to departure , Wu said that we would not mention the Republic of China if the Beijing government did not mention the Peoples Republic of China as well . If Beijing was to refrain from mentioning the One China principle , then he also would not talk about the 1992 consensus . The delegations visited several cities . In Beijing , they visited the Guangdong-Guangxi House , where Sun Yat-sen was elected as Chairman of Kuomintang in 1912 . In Hangzhou , they visited the Manao Temple , where a museum of Lian Heng is located . In Nanjing , they visited Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum . And in Chongqing , they attended the Taiwan Week celebration organized by Taiwanese businessmen doing business in China . 2012 Beijing visit . Wu lead a delegation from Taiwan to visit Beijing in March 2012 to meet Hu Jintao , the then-General Secretary of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) ; Wu proposed that cross-strait relations be governed under the framework of one country , two areas ( 一國兩區 ) , in which from the Republic of Chinas point of view , ROC consists of Taiwan area and the mainland area . Among the delegates are three of Kuomintang vice chairpersons , which are Lin Fong-cheng , John Chiang and Hung Hsiu-chu . Taiwanese branch of Bank of China . On 27 June 2012 , Wu attended the opening ceremony of the first Taiwanese branch of the Bank of China . The ceremony was held in Taipei and Wu was accompanied by Straits Exchange Foundation Chairman Chiang Pin-kung , Bank of China President Li Lihui and the banks Taiwan branch General Manager Tsai Rong-jun . 2013 Beijing visit . Wu visited Beijing on 12–14 June 2013 to meet with Xi Jinping , General Secretary of the Communist Party for the first time since Xi took office , accompanied by high ranking KMT officials , such as Chan Chun-po , Hung Hsiu-chu , Huang Min-hui and Su Chi . Accompanying Xi Jinping was Wang Huning , Li Zhanshu , Yang Jiechi and Zhang Zhijun from the CPC . 2013 Yunnan CPC secretary visit . During a meeting between Wu and visiting Yunnan Communist Party of China secretary , Qin Guangrong , to Taiwan in mid September 2013 , Wu said that Taiwan and Mainland China should put aside political questions and disagreements aside to facilitate bilateral exchanges . He said that by showing patience , setting aside differences and focusing on economic cooperation and cultural exchanges , more common areas such as lifestyle and values would emerge . During the meeting , Qin encouraged Taiwanese businessmen to invest in Yunnan and make use of the province as the gateway to Southeast Asia and South Asia , creating business opportunities . He added that Yunnan welcomes Taiwanese farmers , township wardens , teachers , students , media and religious and business representatives . Qins delegation , which consisted of more than 200 people , participated in several activities while in Taiwan , such as promoting bilateral exchanges in education , culture , technology , tourism and civil aviation . 2013 Nanjing visit . In October 2013 , Wu traveled to Nanjing , Jiangsu to give a speech at the Xianlin Campus of Nanjing University . Personal life . Outside of Taiwanese politics , Wu is a prominent and practicing Buddhist and plays an active role in the Fo Guang Shan Buddhist Order . Before he ascended to the KMT chairmanship , Wu served as the second worldwide president of the Buddhas Light International Association .

easy

What position did Wu Po-hsiung take from Apr 2007 to Oct 2009?

/wiki/Wu_Po-hsiung#P39#2

Wu Po-hsiung Wu Po-hsiung ( ; born 19 June 1939 ) is a Taiwanese politician who is a former chairman of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) . He has been the Interior Minister ( 1984-1988 ) , Mayor of Taipei ( 1988–1990 ) , Secretary-General to the President ( 1991–1996 ) , and Chairman of the KMT ( 2007-2009 ) . Wu was nominated as Honorary Chairman of the Kuomintang when he was succeeded by Ma Ying-jeou as the Chairman of the Kuomintang . Early life . Born to a Hakka family in Zhongli , Taoyuan in 1939 , Wu received a bachelors degree in business administration from National Cheng Kung University in 1962 . Early political life . He entered politics when he was elected into the Taiwan Provincial Council in the Taoyuan County electoral district from 1968 to 1972 Taoyuan County Magistrate . Wu become the Magistrate of Taoyuan County from 1973 to 1976 . His father Wu Hong-ling had served in the same position from 1960 to 1964 . ROC Interior Ministry . Wu become the Ministry of the Interior twice in 1984-1988 and 1991-1994 . ROC citizens permitted to visit China . On 15 October 1987 , Wu announced the lifting of prohibition of ROC citizens to travel to the Mainland Area . Citizens were allowed to do so for family visits . KMT Vice Chairmanship . Wu was the first vice-chairman of the main opposition Kuomintang party after Kuomintang lost in the 2000 ROC Presidential Election to the Democratic Progressive Party . KMT Chairmanship . After Chairman Ma Ying-jeou resigned on 13 February 2007 , he became the acting chairman . Wu , however , subsequently resigned his post as acting chairman and member of the Central Standing Committee on 14 March 2007 in order to compete in the KMT chairman election scheduled for 7 April 2007 . Ma announced his support for Wu for chairmanship . Wu eventually won the party chairmanship election and become KMT Chairman on 11 April 2007 . He garnered about 90% of votes cast , defeated KMT Legislator Hung Hsiu-chu . Of all eligible voters , about 53% voted . Cross-strait relations . 2005 China visit . In April 2005 , Wu joined Lien Chan and other Pan-Blue officials to visit China . 2009 China visit . In May 2009 , Wu left for China for an 8-day visit . He was accompanied by three KMT Vice Chairmen , Lin Fong-cheng , Wu Den-yih ( which doubles as KMT Secretary-General ) and John Chiang . Wang Yi , Director of Taiwan Affairs Office welcomed the delegations upon arrival in Beijing . Prior to departure , Wu said that we would not mention the Republic of China if the Beijing government did not mention the Peoples Republic of China as well . If Beijing was to refrain from mentioning the One China principle , then he also would not talk about the 1992 consensus . The delegations visited several cities . In Beijing , they visited the Guangdong-Guangxi House , where Sun Yat-sen was elected as Chairman of Kuomintang in 1912 . In Hangzhou , they visited the Manao Temple , where a museum of Lian Heng is located . In Nanjing , they visited Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum . And in Chongqing , they attended the Taiwan Week celebration organized by Taiwanese businessmen doing business in China . 2012 Beijing visit . Wu lead a delegation from Taiwan to visit Beijing in March 2012 to meet Hu Jintao , the then-General Secretary of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) ; Wu proposed that cross-strait relations be governed under the framework of one country , two areas ( 一國兩區 ) , in which from the Republic of Chinas point of view , ROC consists of Taiwan area and the mainland area . Among the delegates are three of Kuomintang vice chairpersons , which are Lin Fong-cheng , John Chiang and Hung Hsiu-chu . Taiwanese branch of Bank of China . On 27 June 2012 , Wu attended the opening ceremony of the first Taiwanese branch of the Bank of China . The ceremony was held in Taipei and Wu was accompanied by Straits Exchange Foundation Chairman Chiang Pin-kung , Bank of China President Li Lihui and the banks Taiwan branch General Manager Tsai Rong-jun . 2013 Beijing visit . Wu visited Beijing on 12–14 June 2013 to meet with Xi Jinping , General Secretary of the Communist Party for the first time since Xi took office , accompanied by high ranking KMT officials , such as Chan Chun-po , Hung Hsiu-chu , Huang Min-hui and Su Chi . Accompanying Xi Jinping was Wang Huning , Li Zhanshu , Yang Jiechi and Zhang Zhijun from the CPC . 2013 Yunnan CPC secretary visit . During a meeting between Wu and visiting Yunnan Communist Party of China secretary , Qin Guangrong , to Taiwan in mid September 2013 , Wu said that Taiwan and Mainland China should put aside political questions and disagreements aside to facilitate bilateral exchanges . He said that by showing patience , setting aside differences and focusing on economic cooperation and cultural exchanges , more common areas such as lifestyle and values would emerge . During the meeting , Qin encouraged Taiwanese businessmen to invest in Yunnan and make use of the province as the gateway to Southeast Asia and South Asia , creating business opportunities . He added that Yunnan welcomes Taiwanese farmers , township wardens , teachers , students , media and religious and business representatives . Qins delegation , which consisted of more than 200 people , participated in several activities while in Taiwan , such as promoting bilateral exchanges in education , culture , technology , tourism and civil aviation . 2013 Nanjing visit . In October 2013 , Wu traveled to Nanjing , Jiangsu to give a speech at the Xianlin Campus of Nanjing University . Personal life . Outside of Taiwanese politics , Wu is a prominent and practicing Buddhist and plays an active role in the Fo Guang Shan Buddhist Order . Before he ascended to the KMT chairmanship , Wu served as the second worldwide president of the Buddhas Light International Association .

easy

Which position did Mian Saqib Nisar hold from Mar 1997 to Oct 1999?

/wiki/Mian_Saqib_Nisar#P39#0

Mian Saqib Nisar Mian Saqib Nisar ( ; born 18 January 1954 ) is a Pakistani jurist who served as the 25th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 31 December 2016 till 17 January 2019 . He has previously served as the Law Secretary . He also served as a visiting professor of law at the University of Punjab where he provided instructions on constitutional law . Ascended as the Justice of the Supreme Court on 18 February 2010 , he was elevated as chief justice when Justice Anwar Zaheer Jamali reached his constitutionally set retiring age . Early life and education . His father Mian Nisar was an advocate who belonged to an Arain family of Lahore . Nisar was educated at the Cathedral High School no 1 in Lahore where he matriculated and enrolled at Government College University ( GCU ) where he graduated with a B.A . degree in 1977 . He later went to attend the Punjab University where he secured LLB in civil law in 1980 . While being an undergraduate student at the GCU Lahore , he was selected to be a member of the international delegation representing Pakistan in International Youth Conference held in Tripoli in Libya in 1973 . Career . Early career . Soon after his graduation with a law degree , Nisar enrolled as an advocate and began private practice of law at the District Court in 1980 . In 1982 , he enrolled as an advocate of the Lahore High Court . He practiced law as an advocate for a decade until he enrolled as an advocate Supreme Court in 1992 , subsequently relocating to Islamabad . In 1991 , he was elected as a Secretary-General of the Lahore High Court bar . On 29 March 1997 , he was appointed as Law Secretary at the Ministry of Justice and Law ( MoJL ) – a chief bureaucratic position inside the law and justice ministry . His appointment as the Law Secretary of Pakistan was nominated and confirmed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif immediately after being elected in general elections held in 1997 . His appointment as a law secretary was noted as the first time in the history of the country that some one from the Bar had been appointed to such post . On 22 May 1998 , he was elevated as judge at the Lahore High Court after a nomination summary sent by Prime Minister Sharif , only to be confirmed as judge of Lahore High Court by then-President Rafiq Tarrar . As a judge in Lahore High Court , he heard and passed judgements on many important cases involving the resolution of disputes on the civil matters , commercial banking disputes , and tax evasions/avoidances . In 2000 , Nisar was among one of those judges at the Lahore High Court , who when given chance to either resign or accept military provisional constitutional order enacted by Military Dictator General Musharraf , took the oath under the new provisional constitutional order and was continue to allow hearing cases at the Lahore High Court . Academia . Justice Nisar is known for his educational interests in legal education , and is currently tenuring as visiting professor of law at the Law College of the Punjab University where he provides instructions on the constitutional law and civil law procedure . Justice Nisar attended and represented Pakistan in the international conference on India and Pakistan at Fifty held in Wilton Park in United Kingdom ; he also led judicial delegations on conferences held in the Philippines and Switzerland . In 2009 , Justice Nisar authored a paper on Islam and democracy and presented the paper to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo , Norway , and offered discussion on the Role of the Courts in Islamic Democratic Society . Supreme Court Justice . On 13 February 2010 , his nomination to be elevated as the justice of the Supreme Court was initially rejected by the then-President Asif Ali Zardari in spite of recommendation made by Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry . President Zardari instead elevated Justice K.M . Sharif that ultimately supersedes senior-most Justice Nisar for the promotion , appointing the latter as acting Chief Justice of Lahore High Court . Upon hearing these developments , Chief Justice Chaudhry suspended the appointment order and marked such actions as unconstitutional , using his constitutional powers granted by the Judicial Commission . On 19 February 2010 , Justice Nisar , alongside with A.S . Khosa , were sworn as justices of the Supreme Court in a simple ceremony . Notable cases . He was a member of the Supreme Court bench which heard the case against 21st Constitutional Amendment , the amendment which authorized the establishment of military courts to hear terrorism cases after the incident which killed 141 people including 132 children in a school in Peshawar on 16 December 2014 . He also heard the case where Pakistan Railwayss land worth Rs10 billion was allotted to Royal Palm Golf Club by Musharraf government which federal government of Nawaz Sharif wanted back in 2014 . He headed the bench which heard the case of Jehangir Khan Tareen and Imran Khan . Criticism . Judicial activism and allegations of nexus with military . Justice Nisar has been criticized by some notable academics , journalists and politicians for his judicial activism and over-involvement in day-to-day affairs of the government . He is accused of being in alliance with Pakistans military establishment against Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) , Nawaz Sharif and his government which was ousted in July 2017 . Despite Election Commission of Pakistan ordering to provide security to all candidates contesting in General Elections 2018 , he ordered removal of security from all non-government but high-profile politicians , most of who had been part of the previous governments which included PML ( N ) and JUI politicians . Some of them has been under threat from terrorists including Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi . This was seen by many political parties as political victimization . Their claim was further strengthened when a leader of ANP , Mr Bilour was killed by suicide bomber on 10 July 2018 in Peshawar during election campaign . Raisani and 127 others were killed on 13 July 2018 . External links . - www.supremecourt.gov.pk/

easy

Which position did Mian Saqib Nisar hold from Feb 2010 to Dec 2016?

/wiki/Mian_Saqib_Nisar#P39#1

Mian Saqib Nisar Mian Saqib Nisar ( ; born 18 January 1954 ) is a Pakistani jurist who served as the 25th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 31 December 2016 till 17 January 2019 . He has previously served as the Law Secretary . He also served as a visiting professor of law at the University of Punjab where he provided instructions on constitutional law . Ascended as the Justice of the Supreme Court on 18 February 2010 , he was elevated as chief justice when Justice Anwar Zaheer Jamali reached his constitutionally set retiring age . Early life and education . His father Mian Nisar was an advocate who belonged to an Arain family of Lahore . Nisar was educated at the Cathedral High School no 1 in Lahore where he matriculated and enrolled at Government College University ( GCU ) where he graduated with a B.A . degree in 1977 . He later went to attend the Punjab University where he secured LLB in civil law in 1980 . While being an undergraduate student at the GCU Lahore , he was selected to be a member of the international delegation representing Pakistan in International Youth Conference held in Tripoli in Libya in 1973 . Career . Early career . Soon after his graduation with a law degree , Nisar enrolled as an advocate and began private practice of law at the District Court in 1980 . In 1982 , he enrolled as an advocate of the Lahore High Court . He practiced law as an advocate for a decade until he enrolled as an advocate Supreme Court in 1992 , subsequently relocating to Islamabad . In 1991 , he was elected as a Secretary-General of the Lahore High Court bar . On 29 March 1997 , he was appointed as Law Secretary at the Ministry of Justice and Law ( MoJL ) – a chief bureaucratic position inside the law and justice ministry . His appointment as the Law Secretary of Pakistan was nominated and confirmed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif immediately after being elected in general elections held in 1997 . His appointment as a law secretary was noted as the first time in the history of the country that some one from the Bar had been appointed to such post . On 22 May 1998 , he was elevated as judge at the Lahore High Court after a nomination summary sent by Prime Minister Sharif , only to be confirmed as judge of Lahore High Court by then-President Rafiq Tarrar . As a judge in Lahore High Court , he heard and passed judgements on many important cases involving the resolution of disputes on the civil matters , commercial banking disputes , and tax evasions/avoidances . In 2000 , Nisar was among one of those judges at the Lahore High Court , who when given chance to either resign or accept military provisional constitutional order enacted by Military Dictator General Musharraf , took the oath under the new provisional constitutional order and was continue to allow hearing cases at the Lahore High Court . Academia . Justice Nisar is known for his educational interests in legal education , and is currently tenuring as visiting professor of law at the Law College of the Punjab University where he provides instructions on the constitutional law and civil law procedure . Justice Nisar attended and represented Pakistan in the international conference on India and Pakistan at Fifty held in Wilton Park in United Kingdom ; he also led judicial delegations on conferences held in the Philippines and Switzerland . In 2009 , Justice Nisar authored a paper on Islam and democracy and presented the paper to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo , Norway , and offered discussion on the Role of the Courts in Islamic Democratic Society . Supreme Court Justice . On 13 February 2010 , his nomination to be elevated as the justice of the Supreme Court was initially rejected by the then-President Asif Ali Zardari in spite of recommendation made by Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry . President Zardari instead elevated Justice K.M . Sharif that ultimately supersedes senior-most Justice Nisar for the promotion , appointing the latter as acting Chief Justice of Lahore High Court . Upon hearing these developments , Chief Justice Chaudhry suspended the appointment order and marked such actions as unconstitutional , using his constitutional powers granted by the Judicial Commission . On 19 February 2010 , Justice Nisar , alongside with A.S . Khosa , were sworn as justices of the Supreme Court in a simple ceremony . Notable cases . He was a member of the Supreme Court bench which heard the case against 21st Constitutional Amendment , the amendment which authorized the establishment of military courts to hear terrorism cases after the incident which killed 141 people including 132 children in a school in Peshawar on 16 December 2014 . He also heard the case where Pakistan Railwayss land worth Rs10 billion was allotted to Royal Palm Golf Club by Musharraf government which federal government of Nawaz Sharif wanted back in 2014 . He headed the bench which heard the case of Jehangir Khan Tareen and Imran Khan . Criticism . Judicial activism and allegations of nexus with military . Justice Nisar has been criticized by some notable academics , journalists and politicians for his judicial activism and over-involvement in day-to-day affairs of the government . He is accused of being in alliance with Pakistans military establishment against Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) , Nawaz Sharif and his government which was ousted in July 2017 . Despite Election Commission of Pakistan ordering to provide security to all candidates contesting in General Elections 2018 , he ordered removal of security from all non-government but high-profile politicians , most of who had been part of the previous governments which included PML ( N ) and JUI politicians . Some of them has been under threat from terrorists including Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi . This was seen by many political parties as political victimization . Their claim was further strengthened when a leader of ANP , Mr Bilour was killed by suicide bomber on 10 July 2018 in Peshawar during election campaign . Raisani and 127 others were killed on 13 July 2018 . External links . - www.supremecourt.gov.pk/

easy

What was the position of Mian Saqib Nisar from Dec 2016 to 2019?

/wiki/Mian_Saqib_Nisar#P39#2

Mian Saqib Nisar Mian Saqib Nisar ( ; born 18 January 1954 ) is a Pakistani jurist who served as the 25th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 31 December 2016 till 17 January 2019 . He has previously served as the Law Secretary . He also served as a visiting professor of law at the University of Punjab where he provided instructions on constitutional law . Ascended as the Justice of the Supreme Court on 18 February 2010 , he was elevated as chief justice when Justice Anwar Zaheer Jamali reached his constitutionally set retiring age . Early life and education . His father Mian Nisar was an advocate who belonged to an Arain family of Lahore . Nisar was educated at the Cathedral High School no 1 in Lahore where he matriculated and enrolled at Government College University ( GCU ) where he graduated with a B.A . degree in 1977 . He later went to attend the Punjab University where he secured LLB in civil law in 1980 . While being an undergraduate student at the GCU Lahore , he was selected to be a member of the international delegation representing Pakistan in International Youth Conference held in Tripoli in Libya in 1973 . Career . Early career . Soon after his graduation with a law degree , Nisar enrolled as an advocate and began private practice of law at the District Court in 1980 . In 1982 , he enrolled as an advocate of the Lahore High Court . He practiced law as an advocate for a decade until he enrolled as an advocate Supreme Court in 1992 , subsequently relocating to Islamabad . In 1991 , he was elected as a Secretary-General of the Lahore High Court bar . On 29 March 1997 , he was appointed as Law Secretary at the Ministry of Justice and Law ( MoJL ) – a chief bureaucratic position inside the law and justice ministry . His appointment as the Law Secretary of Pakistan was nominated and confirmed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif immediately after being elected in general elections held in 1997 . His appointment as a law secretary was noted as the first time in the history of the country that some one from the Bar had been appointed to such post . On 22 May 1998 , he was elevated as judge at the Lahore High Court after a nomination summary sent by Prime Minister Sharif , only to be confirmed as judge of Lahore High Court by then-President Rafiq Tarrar . As a judge in Lahore High Court , he heard and passed judgements on many important cases involving the resolution of disputes on the civil matters , commercial banking disputes , and tax evasions/avoidances . In 2000 , Nisar was among one of those judges at the Lahore High Court , who when given chance to either resign or accept military provisional constitutional order enacted by Military Dictator General Musharraf , took the oath under the new provisional constitutional order and was continue to allow hearing cases at the Lahore High Court . Academia . Justice Nisar is known for his educational interests in legal education , and is currently tenuring as visiting professor of law at the Law College of the Punjab University where he provides instructions on the constitutional law and civil law procedure . Justice Nisar attended and represented Pakistan in the international conference on India and Pakistan at Fifty held in Wilton Park in United Kingdom ; he also led judicial delegations on conferences held in the Philippines and Switzerland . In 2009 , Justice Nisar authored a paper on Islam and democracy and presented the paper to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo , Norway , and offered discussion on the Role of the Courts in Islamic Democratic Society . Supreme Court Justice . On 13 February 2010 , his nomination to be elevated as the justice of the Supreme Court was initially rejected by the then-President Asif Ali Zardari in spite of recommendation made by Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry . President Zardari instead elevated Justice K.M . Sharif that ultimately supersedes senior-most Justice Nisar for the promotion , appointing the latter as acting Chief Justice of Lahore High Court . Upon hearing these developments , Chief Justice Chaudhry suspended the appointment order and marked such actions as unconstitutional , using his constitutional powers granted by the Judicial Commission . On 19 February 2010 , Justice Nisar , alongside with A.S . Khosa , were sworn as justices of the Supreme Court in a simple ceremony . Notable cases . He was a member of the Supreme Court bench which heard the case against 21st Constitutional Amendment , the amendment which authorized the establishment of military courts to hear terrorism cases after the incident which killed 141 people including 132 children in a school in Peshawar on 16 December 2014 . He also heard the case where Pakistan Railwayss land worth Rs10 billion was allotted to Royal Palm Golf Club by Musharraf government which federal government of Nawaz Sharif wanted back in 2014 . He headed the bench which heard the case of Jehangir Khan Tareen and Imran Khan . Criticism . Judicial activism and allegations of nexus with military . Justice Nisar has been criticized by some notable academics , journalists and politicians for his judicial activism and over-involvement in day-to-day affairs of the government . He is accused of being in alliance with Pakistans military establishment against Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) , Nawaz Sharif and his government which was ousted in July 2017 . Despite Election Commission of Pakistan ordering to provide security to all candidates contesting in General Elections 2018 , he ordered removal of security from all non-government but high-profile politicians , most of who had been part of the previous governments which included PML ( N ) and JUI politicians . Some of them has been under threat from terrorists including Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi . This was seen by many political parties as political victimization . Their claim was further strengthened when a leader of ANP , Mr Bilour was killed by suicide bomber on 10 July 2018 in Peshawar during election campaign . Raisani and 127 others were killed on 13 July 2018 . External links . - www.supremecourt.gov.pk/

easy

Mian Saqib Nisar took which position from 2019 to 2020?

/wiki/Mian_Saqib_Nisar#P39#3

Mian Saqib Nisar Mian Saqib Nisar ( ; born 18 January 1954 ) is a Pakistani jurist who served as the 25th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 31 December 2016 till 17 January 2019 . He has previously served as the Law Secretary . He also served as a visiting professor of law at the University of Punjab where he provided instructions on constitutional law . Ascended as the Justice of the Supreme Court on 18 February 2010 , he was elevated as chief justice when Justice Anwar Zaheer Jamali reached his constitutionally set retiring age . Early life and education . His father Mian Nisar was an advocate who belonged to an Arain family of Lahore . Nisar was educated at the Cathedral High School no 1 in Lahore where he matriculated and enrolled at Government College University ( GCU ) where he graduated with a B.A . degree in 1977 . He later went to attend the Punjab University where he secured LLB in civil law in 1980 . While being an undergraduate student at the GCU Lahore , he was selected to be a member of the international delegation representing Pakistan in International Youth Conference held in Tripoli in Libya in 1973 . Career . Early career . Soon after his graduation with a law degree , Nisar enrolled as an advocate and began private practice of law at the District Court in 1980 . In 1982 , he enrolled as an advocate of the Lahore High Court . He practiced law as an advocate for a decade until he enrolled as an advocate Supreme Court in 1992 , subsequently relocating to Islamabad . In 1991 , he was elected as a Secretary-General of the Lahore High Court bar . On 29 March 1997 , he was appointed as Law Secretary at the Ministry of Justice and Law ( MoJL ) – a chief bureaucratic position inside the law and justice ministry . His appointment as the Law Secretary of Pakistan was nominated and confirmed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif immediately after being elected in general elections held in 1997 . His appointment as a law secretary was noted as the first time in the history of the country that some one from the Bar had been appointed to such post . On 22 May 1998 , he was elevated as judge at the Lahore High Court after a nomination summary sent by Prime Minister Sharif , only to be confirmed as judge of Lahore High Court by then-President Rafiq Tarrar . As a judge in Lahore High Court , he heard and passed judgements on many important cases involving the resolution of disputes on the civil matters , commercial banking disputes , and tax evasions/avoidances . In 2000 , Nisar was among one of those judges at the Lahore High Court , who when given chance to either resign or accept military provisional constitutional order enacted by Military Dictator General Musharraf , took the oath under the new provisional constitutional order and was continue to allow hearing cases at the Lahore High Court . Academia . Justice Nisar is known for his educational interests in legal education , and is currently tenuring as visiting professor of law at the Law College of the Punjab University where he provides instructions on the constitutional law and civil law procedure . Justice Nisar attended and represented Pakistan in the international conference on India and Pakistan at Fifty held in Wilton Park in United Kingdom ; he also led judicial delegations on conferences held in the Philippines and Switzerland . In 2009 , Justice Nisar authored a paper on Islam and democracy and presented the paper to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo , Norway , and offered discussion on the Role of the Courts in Islamic Democratic Society . Supreme Court Justice . On 13 February 2010 , his nomination to be elevated as the justice of the Supreme Court was initially rejected by the then-President Asif Ali Zardari in spite of recommendation made by Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry . President Zardari instead elevated Justice K.M . Sharif that ultimately supersedes senior-most Justice Nisar for the promotion , appointing the latter as acting Chief Justice of Lahore High Court . Upon hearing these developments , Chief Justice Chaudhry suspended the appointment order and marked such actions as unconstitutional , using his constitutional powers granted by the Judicial Commission . On 19 February 2010 , Justice Nisar , alongside with A.S . Khosa , were sworn as justices of the Supreme Court in a simple ceremony . Notable cases . He was a member of the Supreme Court bench which heard the case against 21st Constitutional Amendment , the amendment which authorized the establishment of military courts to hear terrorism cases after the incident which killed 141 people including 132 children in a school in Peshawar on 16 December 2014 . He also heard the case where Pakistan Railwayss land worth Rs10 billion was allotted to Royal Palm Golf Club by Musharraf government which federal government of Nawaz Sharif wanted back in 2014 . He headed the bench which heard the case of Jehangir Khan Tareen and Imran Khan . Criticism . Judicial activism and allegations of nexus with military . Justice Nisar has been criticized by some notable academics , journalists and politicians for his judicial activism and over-involvement in day-to-day affairs of the government . He is accused of being in alliance with Pakistans military establishment against Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) , Nawaz Sharif and his government which was ousted in July 2017 . Despite Election Commission of Pakistan ordering to provide security to all candidates contesting in General Elections 2018 , he ordered removal of security from all non-government but high-profile politicians , most of who had been part of the previous governments which included PML ( N ) and JUI politicians . Some of them has been under threat from terrorists including Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi . This was seen by many political parties as political victimization . Their claim was further strengthened when a leader of ANP , Mr Bilour was killed by suicide bomber on 10 July 2018 in Peshawar during election campaign . Raisani and 127 others were killed on 13 July 2018 . External links . - www.supremecourt.gov.pk/

easy

What manufactured British Rail Class 24 in 1958?

/wiki/British_Rail_Class_24#P176#0

British Rail Class 24 The British Railways Class 24 diesel locomotives , also known as the Sulzer Type 2 , were built from 1958 to 1961 . One hundred and fifty-one were built at Derby , Crewe and Darlington , the first twenty of them as part of the British Railways 1955 Modernisation Plan . This class was used as the basis for the development of the class 25 locomotives . The final survivor , no . 24081 , was withdrawn from Crewe depot in 1980 . Technical details . Engine . The main power for the class 24 was the Sulzer 6LDA28 diesel engine - denoting 6 cylinders ; Locomotive use ; Direct fuel injection ; ( turbo-charged ) ; bore cylinders . This was effectively an off-the-shelf purchase with small changes to bearings , injectors and some other minor items . The same engine was used in the CIE 101 Class locomotives in Ireland . Transmission . The diesel engine powered another off-the-shelf product , the British Thomson-Houston ( BTH ) RTB15656 main generator which , in the class 24 , was rated at , 750/525 V and 980/1400 A at 750 rpm . Traction motors , one per axle , were also by BTH being the type 137BY rated at , 525 V , 350 A at 560 rpm connected to the axle via a 16:81 gear stepdown ratio , each force ventilated by an AEI electric motor . Train heating . The original pilot scheme locos ( D5000–D5019 ) were fitted with a Stone Vapor type OK4646A steam heating boiler with a water tank . The following ten locos had the similar per hour type OK4616B and a reduced water capacity of , and this was perpetuated in the remaining production run which used the Stone Vapour per hour type L4610 boiler . These variations meant that the initial batch of 20 locomotives tipped the scales at ; the following 10 locomotives slightly lower at ; the remainder of the Class 24/0 at ; and the Class 24/1 at exactly . During subsequent years the boilers were removed from the majority of Class 24/1 locomotives , reducing the overall weight by . Ten locomotives ( D5102–5111 ) had no train heating , the space being occupied by the air compressors needed for operation of the Consett iron ore trains . Other systems . Several of the systems within the class 24s were standard . The braking system was the standard BR system , adopted as part of the Modernisation Plan , of locomotive air and train vacuum brake , both applied by a single handle via a proportional valve . Similarly , the connection for multiple working was the standard electro-pneumatic system designated Blue Star with each loco bearing a small blue coloured 5-pointed star above each buffer to denote this . Also common was the provision of a door to allow staff to pass between locomotives , or between a locomotive and adjacent coach . In practice , these were rarely used and were sealed shut at overhaul during the 1970s to reduce draughts in the cab . With production reaching 151 there were some differences between batches of locos too . Ten of the initial twenty had Athermos pressure-lubricated plain bearing axleboxes rather than the more usual roller-bearing axleboxes . Although these remained for the life of the locos they were the only ones so fitted . Much more noticeable were D5114–D5132 which were fitted with tablet catchers on the side of the drivers cab for use on the Far North Line from Inverness . Also very visible were the roof-mounted headcode boxes fitted from D5114 giving an outward appearance very similar to the later Class 25 but without horn grilles . External condition . Liveries . The pilot scheme locomotives were delivered in overall green livery with a grey roof and black below the body . D5000 was delivered with a narrow light grey stripe at waist level while the remainder had a broad light grey stripe at solebar level . This light grey stripe may have appeared bluish and has been described as pale blue or eggshell , but in most illustrations , it appears to be off-white . At first , green liveried locos had plain green ends , but this was changed from 1962 to small yellow warning panels , and then from 1967 to full yellow ends , some locos receiving these while still in green livery . At least five locos were repainted in two-tone green livery ( applied along with the small yellow warning panel ) in a similar manner to Class 47s and some Class 25s . The first class 24 painted in Rail Blue livery was D5068 in December 1966 , and repainting continued into the mid-1970s , although some locomotives were withdrawn before being painted in this colour . Alterations . As with many large classes of locomotive , there were some variations during the Class 24s lifetime , some affecting all of the class ( nominally ) , and others just individual locos . One such locomotive was 24133 , one of the last survivors of the class and easily recognised as it had different headcode boxes on each end , the standard one for the class at one end and that at the other end matching those used on the Class 27 . This was not unique , as 24145 had a headcode box similar to those fitted to later batches of Class 25s . In each case , this is likely to be due to collision damage repairs . Some Inverness-based locomotives had car lights fitted to each nose . These were after-market car headlamps mounted in the plated-over nose doors , to provide extra visibility to users of level crossings on sharply curved branch lines . D5114-132 had pairs mounted in each nose . These were removed between 1975/6 , with small plates welded over the apertures . 12 Class 26s had similar modifications , some having pairs and others having a single lamp . Examples of Class 37s , class 47s and a solitary class 86 had single railway spotlights installed at each end but the class 24s and class 26s were the only ones fitted with proper car headlamps . In 1960 D5008 was fitted with a Pressure-charging Protection Unit which was designed to prevent the engine from running continuously above the smoke limit . The unit failed on one occasion allowing significant smoke emission , and in general did not demonstrate any significant impact on the amount of visible smoke emitted . The unit was subsequently removed . Operation . Initial deliveries were for operation in the Crewe and Derby areas , but fifteen of the initial twenty were diverted for use on the Southern Region to cover for delays in the Kent Coast Electrification scheme . Here the heavy weight was not acceptable and the locos in question had to have their boilers removed before they were accepted . Later some locos had their boilers re-fitted and these examples could be found , often in tandem with a Class 33 to provide steam heating to the coaches , the 33s only having electric train heat ( ETH ) . As deliveries continued allocations were made to both the London Midland Region and Eastern Region , and with the class becoming familiar to crews and staff around London they were used on freight trains over the Metropolitan Widened Lines , locos so used being fitted with London Transport tripcocks – although these were removed after closure of this route in 1971 . Locos allocated to East Anglia for use on freight soon became redundant due to the rundown of freight in that region , and these were , in turn , moved to Wales and Lancashire . Class 24s took over the Condor fast freight service between London ( Hendon ) and Glasgow ( Gushetfaulds ) in 1961 , the train having previously been hauled by the Metro-Vic Co-Bo locos for which it is best remembered . Thus the class was also used when a second Condor fast overnight freight service was introduced , running from Aston to Glasgow . These were the usual motive power from its introduction on 17 January 1963 when D5082 hauled the Down train and D5083 the up train until replaced by the first Freightliner service in 1965 . The batch D5096–D5113 were all allocated to Gateshead depot in 1966 to replace 9F steam locos on the Tyne Dock to Consett iron ore trains . These workings used a special design of bogie hopper wagon , and these locos had an additional compressor and associated pipework . These workings , typically with loads of around 1,000 tons , were double-headed and continued until taken over by Class 37s in the 1970s , when these locos were reallocated to Scottish depots . Incidentally D5096 was , when delivered in January 1960 , the first main line diesel locomotive to be built at Darlington Works . The next batch of locos , D5114–D5132 , were allocated to Inverness , and became synonymous with rail operations in the Scottish Highlands , as did a similar batch of Class 26 locos , the two being considered interchangeable in operation . Single Class 24s operated from Inverness on passenger and freight trains of up to 290 tons , and double-headed on trains up to 580 tons including the Royal Highlander which was regularly made up of 16 coaches . Class 24s and Class 26s were used turn and turn about until all Class 24s allocated to Inverness were replaced by Class 26s in 1975 . The final batch of Class 24s were allocated to the London Midland Region for use on the Western Lines which covered North Wales and Mid Wales . In the latter area , particularly on the ex-Cambrian Railways lines , Class 24s and the similar Class 25s were the only diesel types to be found , and crews from Aberystwyth shed were only trained on these types . This proved to be an issue on summer Saturdays , and after problems with timekeeping and failures in service , heavier trains were double-headed or hauled by the more powerful Class 40 locomotives between Shrewsbury and Aberystwyth . Departmental use . In November 1975 , 24061 was transferred to BRs research department based at Derby Works , and was allocated the number RDB968007 . This loco was subsequently renumbered as 97201 and was finally withdrawn on 4 December 1987 , the last Class 24 to be operational on BR . After withdrawal in 1976 two Class 24s were converted into train pre-heating units and were allocated to the Western Region : 24054 was withdrawn in August and became TDB968008 , being allocated to Newton Abbot until withdrawn in October 1982 ; 24142 became TDB968009 and was allocated to Landore . Withdrawal . The very first Class 24 to be withdrawn was in November 1967 when a fire broke out on D5051 while it was working a train of empty coal wagons in Scotland . The damage was too severe for it to be repaired , and it was cut up at Inverurie in August 1968 . It had lasted exactly 8 years . The second Class 24 to be withdrawn was also as the result of an accident in Scotland , this time at Castlecary . In this case D5122 , running light engine , hit a stationary DMU at about , the impact and subsequent fire bending the main frames and completely destroying the No.2 end . The accident happened on 9 September 1968 but despite being withdrawn the same month , the locomotive was not finally cut up until March 1971 . A total of 14 Class 24s were withdrawn and scrapped without receiving their TOPS number . Some Class 24s were withdrawn in 1973 with the closure of the Waverley route , which linked and Edinburgh , but most of these were put into storage and subsequently re-entered traffic to fill gaps left by the movement of Class 25s to cover the withdrawal of Class 22s on the Western Region . Thus Class 24 withdrawals only started in earnest with completion of the Glasgow electrification in 1974 , and re-allocation of Class 26 and Class 27 locos saw the Class 24s concentrated around various Lancashire depots and at Carlisle . On 27 November 1976 there were just ten Class 24s still in operational service , all allocated to Crewe Diesel Depot ( depot code CD ) . However , with the reinstatement of 24082 and 24073 this number climbed to 12 by February 1977 . In January 1978 two farewell railtours were run – 24082 and 24087 hauled the Merseyside Express from London St Pancras to Liverpool and return on the 14th , and 24087 and 24133 hauled the Cambrian Coast Express from Birmingham to Aberystwyth and Barmouth on the 28th . On the latter trip , 24087 failed on the outward journey , was dumped at Machynlleth on the return journey and never worked again . On 21 January , 24133 had also taken part in the Farewell to the 44s tour , providing steam heating for the coaches while 44008 Penyghent provided the motive power , on the Crewe to Chester leg of a circular tour from London . For the summer of 1978 , six class 24s remained in service – 24023 , 035 , 047 , 063 , 081 and 082 . In May , a North Wales DMU passenger diagram was converted to loco haulage on Mondays to Fridays , comprising the 09:42 Llandudno - Manchester , 13:30 return , 16:42 Llandudno - Crewe , 20:30 Crewe - Bangor and 22.45 Bangor - Llandudno Junction . At least five different class 24s were recorded on this diagram during the summer . Additionally , on Saturday 10 June , 24082 worked a Llandudno Junction – London Euston relief train all the way to London due to a lack of a replacement loco at Crewe . By January 1979 , only three locos remained in use – 24063 , 081 and 082 . 24082 was withdrawn on 1 March and 24063 on 9 April , leaving 24081 the last in service . The final recorded passenger duty of a Class 24 was on 2 August 1979 when 24081 rescued 40129 at Colwyn Bay on the 18:05 Holyhead – Euston , hauling the train as far as Crewe . Cutting up of some Class 24s was carried out at Swindon Works on the Western Region , an area which had never received an allocation of Class 24s . The first locos were 24042 , 24045 , 24048 and 24050 which were moved from Derby Works in December 1975 , and the last of the 67 Class 24s cut up at Swindon was 24084 in early December 1978 . The very last Class 24 to be withdrawn from operational service was 24081 . This loco , allocated to Crewe Diesel Depot had been considered something of a celebrity lasting over a year after the previous withdrawal of 24063 on 9 April 1979 . 24081 was finally withdrawn in October 1980 having worked its last revenue earning train , the 05.43 Grange - Shotwick freight on 7 January 1980 , and then making guest appearances at Nuneaton , Crewe Works Open Day , and Southport . Preservation . Four locomotives have been preserved . Accidents . - D5146 was hauling a freight train that was derailed near Weedon , Northamptonshire on 1 April 1963 . The accident was due to a defective wagon . An express passenger train collided with the derailed wagons . - D5002 was involved in the 1967 Stechford rail crash . - D5122 was involved in a serious accident at Castlecary , Dunbartonshire in 1968 . - 5028 was involved in the Chester General rail crash in 1972 . Models . Bachmann Branchline have produced a 00 gauge variant of the class 24 several times with recent releases listed on the Bachmann website . Sutton Locomotive Workshop also produces 00 gauge , super detail variant of the class 24 . Graham Farish also produces a N gauge variant of the class 24 . A 000 gauge class 24 ( broadly similar to N gauge ) was produced in both powered and unpowered by Lone Star in the 1960s as part of their Treble-0-Lectric range . External links . - derbysulzers.com - Report on the crash at Castlecary on 9 September 1968

easy

What was the manufacturer of British Rail Class 24 from 1959 to 1960?

/wiki/British_Rail_Class_24#P176#1

British Rail Class 24 The British Railways Class 24 diesel locomotives , also known as the Sulzer Type 2 , were built from 1958 to 1961 . One hundred and fifty-one were built at Derby , Crewe and Darlington , the first twenty of them as part of the British Railways 1955 Modernisation Plan . This class was used as the basis for the development of the class 25 locomotives . The final survivor , no . 24081 , was withdrawn from Crewe depot in 1980 . Technical details . Engine . The main power for the class 24 was the Sulzer 6LDA28 diesel engine - denoting 6 cylinders ; Locomotive use ; Direct fuel injection ; ( turbo-charged ) ; bore cylinders . This was effectively an off-the-shelf purchase with small changes to bearings , injectors and some other minor items . The same engine was used in the CIE 101 Class locomotives in Ireland . Transmission . The diesel engine powered another off-the-shelf product , the British Thomson-Houston ( BTH ) RTB15656 main generator which , in the class 24 , was rated at , 750/525 V and 980/1400 A at 750 rpm . Traction motors , one per axle , were also by BTH being the type 137BY rated at , 525 V , 350 A at 560 rpm connected to the axle via a 16:81 gear stepdown ratio , each force ventilated by an AEI electric motor . Train heating . The original pilot scheme locos ( D5000–D5019 ) were fitted with a Stone Vapor type OK4646A steam heating boiler with a water tank . The following ten locos had the similar per hour type OK4616B and a reduced water capacity of , and this was perpetuated in the remaining production run which used the Stone Vapour per hour type L4610 boiler . These variations meant that the initial batch of 20 locomotives tipped the scales at ; the following 10 locomotives slightly lower at ; the remainder of the Class 24/0 at ; and the Class 24/1 at exactly . During subsequent years the boilers were removed from the majority of Class 24/1 locomotives , reducing the overall weight by . Ten locomotives ( D5102–5111 ) had no train heating , the space being occupied by the air compressors needed for operation of the Consett iron ore trains . Other systems . Several of the systems within the class 24s were standard . The braking system was the standard BR system , adopted as part of the Modernisation Plan , of locomotive air and train vacuum brake , both applied by a single handle via a proportional valve . Similarly , the connection for multiple working was the standard electro-pneumatic system designated Blue Star with each loco bearing a small blue coloured 5-pointed star above each buffer to denote this . Also common was the provision of a door to allow staff to pass between locomotives , or between a locomotive and adjacent coach . In practice , these were rarely used and were sealed shut at overhaul during the 1970s to reduce draughts in the cab . With production reaching 151 there were some differences between batches of locos too . Ten of the initial twenty had Athermos pressure-lubricated plain bearing axleboxes rather than the more usual roller-bearing axleboxes . Although these remained for the life of the locos they were the only ones so fitted . Much more noticeable were D5114–D5132 which were fitted with tablet catchers on the side of the drivers cab for use on the Far North Line from Inverness . Also very visible were the roof-mounted headcode boxes fitted from D5114 giving an outward appearance very similar to the later Class 25 but without horn grilles . External condition . Liveries . The pilot scheme locomotives were delivered in overall green livery with a grey roof and black below the body . D5000 was delivered with a narrow light grey stripe at waist level while the remainder had a broad light grey stripe at solebar level . This light grey stripe may have appeared bluish and has been described as pale blue or eggshell , but in most illustrations , it appears to be off-white . At first , green liveried locos had plain green ends , but this was changed from 1962 to small yellow warning panels , and then from 1967 to full yellow ends , some locos receiving these while still in green livery . At least five locos were repainted in two-tone green livery ( applied along with the small yellow warning panel ) in a similar manner to Class 47s and some Class 25s . The first class 24 painted in Rail Blue livery was D5068 in December 1966 , and repainting continued into the mid-1970s , although some locomotives were withdrawn before being painted in this colour . Alterations . As with many large classes of locomotive , there were some variations during the Class 24s lifetime , some affecting all of the class ( nominally ) , and others just individual locos . One such locomotive was 24133 , one of the last survivors of the class and easily recognised as it had different headcode boxes on each end , the standard one for the class at one end and that at the other end matching those used on the Class 27 . This was not unique , as 24145 had a headcode box similar to those fitted to later batches of Class 25s . In each case , this is likely to be due to collision damage repairs . Some Inverness-based locomotives had car lights fitted to each nose . These were after-market car headlamps mounted in the plated-over nose doors , to provide extra visibility to users of level crossings on sharply curved branch lines . D5114-132 had pairs mounted in each nose . These were removed between 1975/6 , with small plates welded over the apertures . 12 Class 26s had similar modifications , some having pairs and others having a single lamp . Examples of Class 37s , class 47s and a solitary class 86 had single railway spotlights installed at each end but the class 24s and class 26s were the only ones fitted with proper car headlamps . In 1960 D5008 was fitted with a Pressure-charging Protection Unit which was designed to prevent the engine from running continuously above the smoke limit . The unit failed on one occasion allowing significant smoke emission , and in general did not demonstrate any significant impact on the amount of visible smoke emitted . The unit was subsequently removed . Operation . Initial deliveries were for operation in the Crewe and Derby areas , but fifteen of the initial twenty were diverted for use on the Southern Region to cover for delays in the Kent Coast Electrification scheme . Here the heavy weight was not acceptable and the locos in question had to have their boilers removed before they were accepted . Later some locos had their boilers re-fitted and these examples could be found , often in tandem with a Class 33 to provide steam heating to the coaches , the 33s only having electric train heat ( ETH ) . As deliveries continued allocations were made to both the London Midland Region and Eastern Region , and with the class becoming familiar to crews and staff around London they were used on freight trains over the Metropolitan Widened Lines , locos so used being fitted with London Transport tripcocks – although these were removed after closure of this route in 1971 . Locos allocated to East Anglia for use on freight soon became redundant due to the rundown of freight in that region , and these were , in turn , moved to Wales and Lancashire . Class 24s took over the Condor fast freight service between London ( Hendon ) and Glasgow ( Gushetfaulds ) in 1961 , the train having previously been hauled by the Metro-Vic Co-Bo locos for which it is best remembered . Thus the class was also used when a second Condor fast overnight freight service was introduced , running from Aston to Glasgow . These were the usual motive power from its introduction on 17 January 1963 when D5082 hauled the Down train and D5083 the up train until replaced by the first Freightliner service in 1965 . The batch D5096–D5113 were all allocated to Gateshead depot in 1966 to replace 9F steam locos on the Tyne Dock to Consett iron ore trains . These workings used a special design of bogie hopper wagon , and these locos had an additional compressor and associated pipework . These workings , typically with loads of around 1,000 tons , were double-headed and continued until taken over by Class 37s in the 1970s , when these locos were reallocated to Scottish depots . Incidentally D5096 was , when delivered in January 1960 , the first main line diesel locomotive to be built at Darlington Works . The next batch of locos , D5114–D5132 , were allocated to Inverness , and became synonymous with rail operations in the Scottish Highlands , as did a similar batch of Class 26 locos , the two being considered interchangeable in operation . Single Class 24s operated from Inverness on passenger and freight trains of up to 290 tons , and double-headed on trains up to 580 tons including the Royal Highlander which was regularly made up of 16 coaches . Class 24s and Class 26s were used turn and turn about until all Class 24s allocated to Inverness were replaced by Class 26s in 1975 . The final batch of Class 24s were allocated to the London Midland Region for use on the Western Lines which covered North Wales and Mid Wales . In the latter area , particularly on the ex-Cambrian Railways lines , Class 24s and the similar Class 25s were the only diesel types to be found , and crews from Aberystwyth shed were only trained on these types . This proved to be an issue on summer Saturdays , and after problems with timekeeping and failures in service , heavier trains were double-headed or hauled by the more powerful Class 40 locomotives between Shrewsbury and Aberystwyth . Departmental use . In November 1975 , 24061 was transferred to BRs research department based at Derby Works , and was allocated the number RDB968007 . This loco was subsequently renumbered as 97201 and was finally withdrawn on 4 December 1987 , the last Class 24 to be operational on BR . After withdrawal in 1976 two Class 24s were converted into train pre-heating units and were allocated to the Western Region : 24054 was withdrawn in August and became TDB968008 , being allocated to Newton Abbot until withdrawn in October 1982 ; 24142 became TDB968009 and was allocated to Landore . Withdrawal . The very first Class 24 to be withdrawn was in November 1967 when a fire broke out on D5051 while it was working a train of empty coal wagons in Scotland . The damage was too severe for it to be repaired , and it was cut up at Inverurie in August 1968 . It had lasted exactly 8 years . The second Class 24 to be withdrawn was also as the result of an accident in Scotland , this time at Castlecary . In this case D5122 , running light engine , hit a stationary DMU at about , the impact and subsequent fire bending the main frames and completely destroying the No.2 end . The accident happened on 9 September 1968 but despite being withdrawn the same month , the locomotive was not finally cut up until March 1971 . A total of 14 Class 24s were withdrawn and scrapped without receiving their TOPS number . Some Class 24s were withdrawn in 1973 with the closure of the Waverley route , which linked and Edinburgh , but most of these were put into storage and subsequently re-entered traffic to fill gaps left by the movement of Class 25s to cover the withdrawal of Class 22s on the Western Region . Thus Class 24 withdrawals only started in earnest with completion of the Glasgow electrification in 1974 , and re-allocation of Class 26 and Class 27 locos saw the Class 24s concentrated around various Lancashire depots and at Carlisle . On 27 November 1976 there were just ten Class 24s still in operational service , all allocated to Crewe Diesel Depot ( depot code CD ) . However , with the reinstatement of 24082 and 24073 this number climbed to 12 by February 1977 . In January 1978 two farewell railtours were run – 24082 and 24087 hauled the Merseyside Express from London St Pancras to Liverpool and return on the 14th , and 24087 and 24133 hauled the Cambrian Coast Express from Birmingham to Aberystwyth and Barmouth on the 28th . On the latter trip , 24087 failed on the outward journey , was dumped at Machynlleth on the return journey and never worked again . On 21 January , 24133 had also taken part in the Farewell to the 44s tour , providing steam heating for the coaches while 44008 Penyghent provided the motive power , on the Crewe to Chester leg of a circular tour from London . For the summer of 1978 , six class 24s remained in service – 24023 , 035 , 047 , 063 , 081 and 082 . In May , a North Wales DMU passenger diagram was converted to loco haulage on Mondays to Fridays , comprising the 09:42 Llandudno - Manchester , 13:30 return , 16:42 Llandudno - Crewe , 20:30 Crewe - Bangor and 22.45 Bangor - Llandudno Junction . At least five different class 24s were recorded on this diagram during the summer . Additionally , on Saturday 10 June , 24082 worked a Llandudno Junction – London Euston relief train all the way to London due to a lack of a replacement loco at Crewe . By January 1979 , only three locos remained in use – 24063 , 081 and 082 . 24082 was withdrawn on 1 March and 24063 on 9 April , leaving 24081 the last in service . The final recorded passenger duty of a Class 24 was on 2 August 1979 when 24081 rescued 40129 at Colwyn Bay on the 18:05 Holyhead – Euston , hauling the train as far as Crewe . Cutting up of some Class 24s was carried out at Swindon Works on the Western Region , an area which had never received an allocation of Class 24s . The first locos were 24042 , 24045 , 24048 and 24050 which were moved from Derby Works in December 1975 , and the last of the 67 Class 24s cut up at Swindon was 24084 in early December 1978 . The very last Class 24 to be withdrawn from operational service was 24081 . This loco , allocated to Crewe Diesel Depot had been considered something of a celebrity lasting over a year after the previous withdrawal of 24063 on 9 April 1979 . 24081 was finally withdrawn in October 1980 having worked its last revenue earning train , the 05.43 Grange - Shotwick freight on 7 January 1980 , and then making guest appearances at Nuneaton , Crewe Works Open Day , and Southport . Preservation . Four locomotives have been preserved . Accidents . - D5146 was hauling a freight train that was derailed near Weedon , Northamptonshire on 1 April 1963 . The accident was due to a defective wagon . An express passenger train collided with the derailed wagons . - D5002 was involved in the 1967 Stechford rail crash . - D5122 was involved in a serious accident at Castlecary , Dunbartonshire in 1968 . - 5028 was involved in the Chester General rail crash in 1972 . Models . Bachmann Branchline have produced a 00 gauge variant of the class 24 several times with recent releases listed on the Bachmann website . Sutton Locomotive Workshop also produces 00 gauge , super detail variant of the class 24 . Graham Farish also produces a N gauge variant of the class 24 . A 000 gauge class 24 ( broadly similar to N gauge ) was produced in both powered and unpowered by Lone Star in the 1960s as part of their Treble-0-Lectric range . External links . - derbysulzers.com - Report on the crash at Castlecary on 9 September 1968

easy

What manufactured British Rail Class 24 from 1960 to 1961?

/wiki/British_Rail_Class_24#P176#2

British Rail Class 24 The British Railways Class 24 diesel locomotives , also known as the Sulzer Type 2 , were built from 1958 to 1961 . One hundred and fifty-one were built at Derby , Crewe and Darlington , the first twenty of them as part of the British Railways 1955 Modernisation Plan . This class was used as the basis for the development of the class 25 locomotives . The final survivor , no . 24081 , was withdrawn from Crewe depot in 1980 . Technical details . Engine . The main power for the class 24 was the Sulzer 6LDA28 diesel engine - denoting 6 cylinders ; Locomotive use ; Direct fuel injection ; ( turbo-charged ) ; bore cylinders . This was effectively an off-the-shelf purchase with small changes to bearings , injectors and some other minor items . The same engine was used in the CIE 101 Class locomotives in Ireland . Transmission . The diesel engine powered another off-the-shelf product , the British Thomson-Houston ( BTH ) RTB15656 main generator which , in the class 24 , was rated at , 750/525 V and 980/1400 A at 750 rpm . Traction motors , one per axle , were also by BTH being the type 137BY rated at , 525 V , 350 A at 560 rpm connected to the axle via a 16:81 gear stepdown ratio , each force ventilated by an AEI electric motor . Train heating . The original pilot scheme locos ( D5000–D5019 ) were fitted with a Stone Vapor type OK4646A steam heating boiler with a water tank . The following ten locos had the similar per hour type OK4616B and a reduced water capacity of , and this was perpetuated in the remaining production run which used the Stone Vapour per hour type L4610 boiler . These variations meant that the initial batch of 20 locomotives tipped the scales at ; the following 10 locomotives slightly lower at ; the remainder of the Class 24/0 at ; and the Class 24/1 at exactly . During subsequent years the boilers were removed from the majority of Class 24/1 locomotives , reducing the overall weight by . Ten locomotives ( D5102–5111 ) had no train heating , the space being occupied by the air compressors needed for operation of the Consett iron ore trains . Other systems . Several of the systems within the class 24s were standard . The braking system was the standard BR system , adopted as part of the Modernisation Plan , of locomotive air and train vacuum brake , both applied by a single handle via a proportional valve . Similarly , the connection for multiple working was the standard electro-pneumatic system designated Blue Star with each loco bearing a small blue coloured 5-pointed star above each buffer to denote this . Also common was the provision of a door to allow staff to pass between locomotives , or between a locomotive and adjacent coach . In practice , these were rarely used and were sealed shut at overhaul during the 1970s to reduce draughts in the cab . With production reaching 151 there were some differences between batches of locos too . Ten of the initial twenty had Athermos pressure-lubricated plain bearing axleboxes rather than the more usual roller-bearing axleboxes . Although these remained for the life of the locos they were the only ones so fitted . Much more noticeable were D5114–D5132 which were fitted with tablet catchers on the side of the drivers cab for use on the Far North Line from Inverness . Also very visible were the roof-mounted headcode boxes fitted from D5114 giving an outward appearance very similar to the later Class 25 but without horn grilles . External condition . Liveries . The pilot scheme locomotives were delivered in overall green livery with a grey roof and black below the body . D5000 was delivered with a narrow light grey stripe at waist level while the remainder had a broad light grey stripe at solebar level . This light grey stripe may have appeared bluish and has been described as pale blue or eggshell , but in most illustrations , it appears to be off-white . At first , green liveried locos had plain green ends , but this was changed from 1962 to small yellow warning panels , and then from 1967 to full yellow ends , some locos receiving these while still in green livery . At least five locos were repainted in two-tone green livery ( applied along with the small yellow warning panel ) in a similar manner to Class 47s and some Class 25s . The first class 24 painted in Rail Blue livery was D5068 in December 1966 , and repainting continued into the mid-1970s , although some locomotives were withdrawn before being painted in this colour . Alterations . As with many large classes of locomotive , there were some variations during the Class 24s lifetime , some affecting all of the class ( nominally ) , and others just individual locos . One such locomotive was 24133 , one of the last survivors of the class and easily recognised as it had different headcode boxes on each end , the standard one for the class at one end and that at the other end matching those used on the Class 27 . This was not unique , as 24145 had a headcode box similar to those fitted to later batches of Class 25s . In each case , this is likely to be due to collision damage repairs . Some Inverness-based locomotives had car lights fitted to each nose . These were after-market car headlamps mounted in the plated-over nose doors , to provide extra visibility to users of level crossings on sharply curved branch lines . D5114-132 had pairs mounted in each nose . These were removed between 1975/6 , with small plates welded over the apertures . 12 Class 26s had similar modifications , some having pairs and others having a single lamp . Examples of Class 37s , class 47s and a solitary class 86 had single railway spotlights installed at each end but the class 24s and class 26s were the only ones fitted with proper car headlamps . In 1960 D5008 was fitted with a Pressure-charging Protection Unit which was designed to prevent the engine from running continuously above the smoke limit . The unit failed on one occasion allowing significant smoke emission , and in general did not demonstrate any significant impact on the amount of visible smoke emitted . The unit was subsequently removed . Operation . Initial deliveries were for operation in the Crewe and Derby areas , but fifteen of the initial twenty were diverted for use on the Southern Region to cover for delays in the Kent Coast Electrification scheme . Here the heavy weight was not acceptable and the locos in question had to have their boilers removed before they were accepted . Later some locos had their boilers re-fitted and these examples could be found , often in tandem with a Class 33 to provide steam heating to the coaches , the 33s only having electric train heat ( ETH ) . As deliveries continued allocations were made to both the London Midland Region and Eastern Region , and with the class becoming familiar to crews and staff around London they were used on freight trains over the Metropolitan Widened Lines , locos so used being fitted with London Transport tripcocks – although these were removed after closure of this route in 1971 . Locos allocated to East Anglia for use on freight soon became redundant due to the rundown of freight in that region , and these were , in turn , moved to Wales and Lancashire . Class 24s took over the Condor fast freight service between London ( Hendon ) and Glasgow ( Gushetfaulds ) in 1961 , the train having previously been hauled by the Metro-Vic Co-Bo locos for which it is best remembered . Thus the class was also used when a second Condor fast overnight freight service was introduced , running from Aston to Glasgow . These were the usual motive power from its introduction on 17 January 1963 when D5082 hauled the Down train and D5083 the up train until replaced by the first Freightliner service in 1965 . The batch D5096–D5113 were all allocated to Gateshead depot in 1966 to replace 9F steam locos on the Tyne Dock to Consett iron ore trains . These workings used a special design of bogie hopper wagon , and these locos had an additional compressor and associated pipework . These workings , typically with loads of around 1,000 tons , were double-headed and continued until taken over by Class 37s in the 1970s , when these locos were reallocated to Scottish depots . Incidentally D5096 was , when delivered in January 1960 , the first main line diesel locomotive to be built at Darlington Works . The next batch of locos , D5114–D5132 , were allocated to Inverness , and became synonymous with rail operations in the Scottish Highlands , as did a similar batch of Class 26 locos , the two being considered interchangeable in operation . Single Class 24s operated from Inverness on passenger and freight trains of up to 290 tons , and double-headed on trains up to 580 tons including the Royal Highlander which was regularly made up of 16 coaches . Class 24s and Class 26s were used turn and turn about until all Class 24s allocated to Inverness were replaced by Class 26s in 1975 . The final batch of Class 24s were allocated to the London Midland Region for use on the Western Lines which covered North Wales and Mid Wales . In the latter area , particularly on the ex-Cambrian Railways lines , Class 24s and the similar Class 25s were the only diesel types to be found , and crews from Aberystwyth shed were only trained on these types . This proved to be an issue on summer Saturdays , and after problems with timekeeping and failures in service , heavier trains were double-headed or hauled by the more powerful Class 40 locomotives between Shrewsbury and Aberystwyth . Departmental use . In November 1975 , 24061 was transferred to BRs research department based at Derby Works , and was allocated the number RDB968007 . This loco was subsequently renumbered as 97201 and was finally withdrawn on 4 December 1987 , the last Class 24 to be operational on BR . After withdrawal in 1976 two Class 24s were converted into train pre-heating units and were allocated to the Western Region : 24054 was withdrawn in August and became TDB968008 , being allocated to Newton Abbot until withdrawn in October 1982 ; 24142 became TDB968009 and was allocated to Landore . Withdrawal . The very first Class 24 to be withdrawn was in November 1967 when a fire broke out on D5051 while it was working a train of empty coal wagons in Scotland . The damage was too severe for it to be repaired , and it was cut up at Inverurie in August 1968 . It had lasted exactly 8 years . The second Class 24 to be withdrawn was also as the result of an accident in Scotland , this time at Castlecary . In this case D5122 , running light engine , hit a stationary DMU at about , the impact and subsequent fire bending the main frames and completely destroying the No.2 end . The accident happened on 9 September 1968 but despite being withdrawn the same month , the locomotive was not finally cut up until March 1971 . A total of 14 Class 24s were withdrawn and scrapped without receiving their TOPS number . Some Class 24s were withdrawn in 1973 with the closure of the Waverley route , which linked and Edinburgh , but most of these were put into storage and subsequently re-entered traffic to fill gaps left by the movement of Class 25s to cover the withdrawal of Class 22s on the Western Region . Thus Class 24 withdrawals only started in earnest with completion of the Glasgow electrification in 1974 , and re-allocation of Class 26 and Class 27 locos saw the Class 24s concentrated around various Lancashire depots and at Carlisle . On 27 November 1976 there were just ten Class 24s still in operational service , all allocated to Crewe Diesel Depot ( depot code CD ) . However , with the reinstatement of 24082 and 24073 this number climbed to 12 by February 1977 . In January 1978 two farewell railtours were run – 24082 and 24087 hauled the Merseyside Express from London St Pancras to Liverpool and return on the 14th , and 24087 and 24133 hauled the Cambrian Coast Express from Birmingham to Aberystwyth and Barmouth on the 28th . On the latter trip , 24087 failed on the outward journey , was dumped at Machynlleth on the return journey and never worked again . On 21 January , 24133 had also taken part in the Farewell to the 44s tour , providing steam heating for the coaches while 44008 Penyghent provided the motive power , on the Crewe to Chester leg of a circular tour from London . For the summer of 1978 , six class 24s remained in service – 24023 , 035 , 047 , 063 , 081 and 082 . In May , a North Wales DMU passenger diagram was converted to loco haulage on Mondays to Fridays , comprising the 09:42 Llandudno - Manchester , 13:30 return , 16:42 Llandudno - Crewe , 20:30 Crewe - Bangor and 22.45 Bangor - Llandudno Junction . At least five different class 24s were recorded on this diagram during the summer . Additionally , on Saturday 10 June , 24082 worked a Llandudno Junction – London Euston relief train all the way to London due to a lack of a replacement loco at Crewe . By January 1979 , only three locos remained in use – 24063 , 081 and 082 . 24082 was withdrawn on 1 March and 24063 on 9 April , leaving 24081 the last in service . The final recorded passenger duty of a Class 24 was on 2 August 1979 when 24081 rescued 40129 at Colwyn Bay on the 18:05 Holyhead – Euston , hauling the train as far as Crewe . Cutting up of some Class 24s was carried out at Swindon Works on the Western Region , an area which had never received an allocation of Class 24s . The first locos were 24042 , 24045 , 24048 and 24050 which were moved from Derby Works in December 1975 , and the last of the 67 Class 24s cut up at Swindon was 24084 in early December 1978 . The very last Class 24 to be withdrawn from operational service was 24081 . This loco , allocated to Crewe Diesel Depot had been considered something of a celebrity lasting over a year after the previous withdrawal of 24063 on 9 April 1979 . 24081 was finally withdrawn in October 1980 having worked its last revenue earning train , the 05.43 Grange - Shotwick freight on 7 January 1980 , and then making guest appearances at Nuneaton , Crewe Works Open Day , and Southport . Preservation . Four locomotives have been preserved . Accidents . - D5146 was hauling a freight train that was derailed near Weedon , Northamptonshire on 1 April 1963 . The accident was due to a defective wagon . An express passenger train collided with the derailed wagons . - D5002 was involved in the 1967 Stechford rail crash . - D5122 was involved in a serious accident at Castlecary , Dunbartonshire in 1968 . - 5028 was involved in the Chester General rail crash in 1972 . Models . Bachmann Branchline have produced a 00 gauge variant of the class 24 several times with recent releases listed on the Bachmann website . Sutton Locomotive Workshop also produces 00 gauge , super detail variant of the class 24 . Graham Farish also produces a N gauge variant of the class 24 . A 000 gauge class 24 ( broadly similar to N gauge ) was produced in both powered and unpowered by Lone Star in the 1960s as part of their Treble-0-Lectric range . External links . - derbysulzers.com - Report on the crash at Castlecary on 9 September 1968

easy

What was the place of detention for Diane Downs from 1986 to 1987?

/wiki/Diane_Downs#P2632#0

Diane Downs Elizabeth Diane Downs ( née Frederickson ; born August 7 , 1955 ) is an American criminal who murdered her daughter and attempted to murder her other two children in May 1983 . Following the crimes , she told police a man had attempted to carjack her and had shot the children . She was convicted in 1984 and sentenced to life in prison plus fifty years . Downs briefly escaped in 1987 and was recaptured . She is the subject of a book by Ann Rule and a made-for-TV movie based upon it , both called Small Sacrifices . She was denied parole in December 2008 and again in December 2010 ; her next hearing is set for 2021 . Early life . Diane Downs was born in Phoenix , Arizona , on August 7 , 1955 , to parents Wesley Linden ( 1930–2017 ) and Willadene ( Engle ) Frederickson . She has testified that her father sexually abused her when she was 12 years old . Diane graduated from Moon Valley High School in Phoenix where she met her husband , Steve Downs . After high school , she enrolled at Pacific Coast Baptist Bible College in Orange , California , but was expelled after one year for promiscuous behavior , and soon returned to her parents home in Arizona . On November 13 , 1973 , Diane married Steve Downs after running away from home . Their first child , Christie Ann , was born in 1974 . Cheryl Lynn followed in 1976 , with Stephen Daniel being born in 1979 . The couple divorced in 1980 because Steve thought Stephen Daniel , known as Danny , was the result of an affair Diane had . On May 8 , 1982 , Downs gave birth to a daughter through surrogacy . She named the child Jennifer before turning her over to her intended parents . Prior to her arrest , Downs was employed by the United States Postal Service , assigned to the mail routes in the city of Cottage Grove , Oregon . Cheryl Lynn , shortly before her death , reportedly told a neighbor of her grandparents that she was afraid of her mother . Shootings . On May 19 , 1983 , Downs shot her three children and drove them in a blood-spattered car to McKenzie-Willamette Hospital . Upon arrival , Cheryl ( aged 7 ) was already dead , Danny ( aged 3 ) was paralyzed from the waist down , and Christie ( aged 8 ) had suffered a disabling stroke . Downs herself had been shot in the left forearm . She claimed she was carjacked on a rural road near Springfield , Oregon , by a strange man who shot her and the children . However , investigators and hospital workers became suspicious because they decided her manner was too calm for a person who had experienced such a traumatic event . She also made a number of statements that both police and hospital workers considered highly inappropriate . Suspicions heightened when Downs , upon arrival at the hospital to visit her children , phoned Robert Knickerbocker , a married man and former coworker in Arizona with whom she had been having an extramarital affair . The forensic evidence did not match her story ; there was no blood spatter on the drivers side of the car , nor was there any gunpowder residue on the drivers door or on the interior door panel . Knickerbocker also reported to police that Downs had stalked him and seemed willing to kill his wife if it meant that she could have him to herself ; he stated that he was relieved that she had left for Oregon and that he was able to reconcile with his wife . Downs did not disclose to police that she owned a .22 caliber handgun , but both Steve Downs and Knickerbocker informed them that she did . Investigators later discovered Downs bought the handgun in Arizona . While they were unable to find the actual weapon , they found unfired casings in her home with extractor markings from the murder weapon . Most damaging , witnesses saw her car being driven very slowly toward the hospital at an estimated speed of , contradicting her claim that she drove to the hospital at high speed after the shooting . Based on this and additional evidence , Downs was arrested on February 28 , 1984 , nine months after the shooting , and charged with one count of murder and two counts each of attempted murder and criminal assault . Prosecution . Prosecutors argued that Downs shot her children to be free of them so she could continue her affair with Knickerbocker , as she claimed that he let it be known that he did not want children in his life . Much of the case against her rested on the testimony of her surviving daughter , Christie , who , once she recovered her ability to speak , described how her mother shot all three children while parked at the side of the road and then shot herself in the arm . Downs was convicted on all charges on June 17 , 1984 , and sentenced to life in prison plus 50 years . She was required to serve 25 years before being considered for parole . Psychiatrists diagnosed her with narcissistic , histrionic , and antisocial personality disorders . Most of her sentence is to be served consecutively . The judge made it clear that he did not intend for Downs to ever be free again . Aftermath . Downs two surviving children eventually went to live with the lead prosecutor on the case , Fred Hugi . He and his wife Joanne adopted them in 1986 . Prior to her arrest , Downs became pregnant with a fourth child and gave birth to a girl , whom she named Amy Elizabeth , a month after her 1984 trial . Ten days before Downs sentencing , Amy was seized by the State of Oregon and adopted by Chris and Jackie Babcock , who named her Rebecca . As an adult , Rebecca appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and ABCs 20/20 discussing how she feels about her biological mother . She wrote to Downs in her younger years and has stated that she regrets it , regarding her mother as a monster . Downs was incarcerated at the Oregon Womens Correctional Center in Salem . She escaped from her cell in Oregon on July 11 , 1988 by scaling an 18-foot razor wire fence . For ten days Downs managed to escape despite a 14-state manhunt before she was recaptured . She received an additional five-year sentence for the escape . After her recapture , Downs was transferred to the New Jersey Department of Corrections Clinton Correctional Facility for Women after heavy lobbying from Hugi . The Salem prison was located 66 miles from Hugis home in Springfield ; during her ten days of freedom , Hugi had feared that Downs would attempt to travel there in hopes of contacting Christie and Danny . Despite significant security upgrades at the womens facility after the escape , state officials accepted Hugis argument that the risk of harm to Christie and Danny in the event of another escape was too great for Downs to remain incarcerated in Oregon . In 1994 , after serving ten years , Downs was transferred to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation . While in prison , she has earned an associate degree in General Studies . In 2010 , she was located in the Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla , California , but transferred out when the facility was converted to an all-male institution in 2013 . Author Ann Rule wrote the book Small Sacrifices ( 1987 ) detailing Downs life and murder trial . The book documents accounts by friends , acquaintances , neighbors , and her surviving daughter Christie , who question the quality of her parenting . A made-for-TV movie also titled Small Sacrifices , starring Farrah Fawcett as Downs , aired on ABC in 1989 . Parole hearing . Downs sentence meant she could not be considered for parole until 2009 . Under Oregon law at the time , as a dangerous offender , Downs would have been eligible for a parole hearing every two years until she is released or dies in prison . In her first application for parole in 2008 , Downs reaffirmed her innocence . Over the years , she said , I have told you and the rest of the world that a man shot me and my children . I have never changed my story . Her first parole hearing was on December 9 , 2008 . Lane County District Attorney Douglas Harcleroad wrote to the parole board , Downs continues to fail to demonstrate any honest insight into her criminal behavior...even after her convictions , she continues to fabricate new versions of events under which the crimes occurred . He also wrote that she alternately refers to her assailants as a bushy-haired stranger , two men wearing ski masks or drug dealers and corrupt law enforcement officials . Downs participated in the hearing from the Valley State Prison for Women . She was not permitted a statement , but answered questions from the parole board . After three hours of interviews and thirty minutes of deliberation , she was denied parole . Downs faced her second parole hearing on December 10 , 2010 , and was denied . Her next parole hearing is scheduled for 2021 .

easy

What was the place of detention for Diane Downs from 1987 to 1994?

/wiki/Diane_Downs#P2632#1

Diane Downs Elizabeth Diane Downs ( née Frederickson ; born August 7 , 1955 ) is an American criminal who murdered her daughter and attempted to murder her other two children in May 1983 . Following the crimes , she told police a man had attempted to carjack her and had shot the children . She was convicted in 1984 and sentenced to life in prison plus fifty years . Downs briefly escaped in 1987 and was recaptured . She is the subject of a book by Ann Rule and a made-for-TV movie based upon it , both called Small Sacrifices . She was denied parole in December 2008 and again in December 2010 ; her next hearing is set for 2021 . Early life . Diane Downs was born in Phoenix , Arizona , on August 7 , 1955 , to parents Wesley Linden ( 1930–2017 ) and Willadene ( Engle ) Frederickson . She has testified that her father sexually abused her when she was 12 years old . Diane graduated from Moon Valley High School in Phoenix where she met her husband , Steve Downs . After high school , she enrolled at Pacific Coast Baptist Bible College in Orange , California , but was expelled after one year for promiscuous behavior , and soon returned to her parents home in Arizona . On November 13 , 1973 , Diane married Steve Downs after running away from home . Their first child , Christie Ann , was born in 1974 . Cheryl Lynn followed in 1976 , with Stephen Daniel being born in 1979 . The couple divorced in 1980 because Steve thought Stephen Daniel , known as Danny , was the result of an affair Diane had . On May 8 , 1982 , Downs gave birth to a daughter through surrogacy . She named the child Jennifer before turning her over to her intended parents . Prior to her arrest , Downs was employed by the United States Postal Service , assigned to the mail routes in the city of Cottage Grove , Oregon . Cheryl Lynn , shortly before her death , reportedly told a neighbor of her grandparents that she was afraid of her mother . Shootings . On May 19 , 1983 , Downs shot her three children and drove them in a blood-spattered car to McKenzie-Willamette Hospital . Upon arrival , Cheryl ( aged 7 ) was already dead , Danny ( aged 3 ) was paralyzed from the waist down , and Christie ( aged 8 ) had suffered a disabling stroke . Downs herself had been shot in the left forearm . She claimed she was carjacked on a rural road near Springfield , Oregon , by a strange man who shot her and the children . However , investigators and hospital workers became suspicious because they decided her manner was too calm for a person who had experienced such a traumatic event . She also made a number of statements that both police and hospital workers considered highly inappropriate . Suspicions heightened when Downs , upon arrival at the hospital to visit her children , phoned Robert Knickerbocker , a married man and former coworker in Arizona with whom she had been having an extramarital affair . The forensic evidence did not match her story ; there was no blood spatter on the drivers side of the car , nor was there any gunpowder residue on the drivers door or on the interior door panel . Knickerbocker also reported to police that Downs had stalked him and seemed willing to kill his wife if it meant that she could have him to herself ; he stated that he was relieved that she had left for Oregon and that he was able to reconcile with his wife . Downs did not disclose to police that she owned a .22 caliber handgun , but both Steve Downs and Knickerbocker informed them that she did . Investigators later discovered Downs bought the handgun in Arizona . While they were unable to find the actual weapon , they found unfired casings in her home with extractor markings from the murder weapon . Most damaging , witnesses saw her car being driven very slowly toward the hospital at an estimated speed of , contradicting her claim that she drove to the hospital at high speed after the shooting . Based on this and additional evidence , Downs was arrested on February 28 , 1984 , nine months after the shooting , and charged with one count of murder and two counts each of attempted murder and criminal assault . Prosecution . Prosecutors argued that Downs shot her children to be free of them so she could continue her affair with Knickerbocker , as she claimed that he let it be known that he did not want children in his life . Much of the case against her rested on the testimony of her surviving daughter , Christie , who , once she recovered her ability to speak , described how her mother shot all three children while parked at the side of the road and then shot herself in the arm . Downs was convicted on all charges on June 17 , 1984 , and sentenced to life in prison plus 50 years . She was required to serve 25 years before being considered for parole . Psychiatrists diagnosed her with narcissistic , histrionic , and antisocial personality disorders . Most of her sentence is to be served consecutively . The judge made it clear that he did not intend for Downs to ever be free again . Aftermath . Downs two surviving children eventually went to live with the lead prosecutor on the case , Fred Hugi . He and his wife Joanne adopted them in 1986 . Prior to her arrest , Downs became pregnant with a fourth child and gave birth to a girl , whom she named Amy Elizabeth , a month after her 1984 trial . Ten days before Downs sentencing , Amy was seized by the State of Oregon and adopted by Chris and Jackie Babcock , who named her Rebecca . As an adult , Rebecca appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and ABCs 20/20 discussing how she feels about her biological mother . She wrote to Downs in her younger years and has stated that she regrets it , regarding her mother as a monster . Downs was incarcerated at the Oregon Womens Correctional Center in Salem . She escaped from her cell in Oregon on July 11 , 1988 by scaling an 18-foot razor wire fence . For ten days Downs managed to escape despite a 14-state manhunt before she was recaptured . She received an additional five-year sentence for the escape . After her recapture , Downs was transferred to the New Jersey Department of Corrections Clinton Correctional Facility for Women after heavy lobbying from Hugi . The Salem prison was located 66 miles from Hugis home in Springfield ; during her ten days of freedom , Hugi had feared that Downs would attempt to travel there in hopes of contacting Christie and Danny . Despite significant security upgrades at the womens facility after the escape , state officials accepted Hugis argument that the risk of harm to Christie and Danny in the event of another escape was too great for Downs to remain incarcerated in Oregon . In 1994 , after serving ten years , Downs was transferred to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation . While in prison , she has earned an associate degree in General Studies . In 2010 , she was located in the Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla , California , but transferred out when the facility was converted to an all-male institution in 2013 . Author Ann Rule wrote the book Small Sacrifices ( 1987 ) detailing Downs life and murder trial . The book documents accounts by friends , acquaintances , neighbors , and her surviving daughter Christie , who question the quality of her parenting . A made-for-TV movie also titled Small Sacrifices , starring Farrah Fawcett as Downs , aired on ABC in 1989 . Parole hearing . Downs sentence meant she could not be considered for parole until 2009 . Under Oregon law at the time , as a dangerous offender , Downs would have been eligible for a parole hearing every two years until she is released or dies in prison . In her first application for parole in 2008 , Downs reaffirmed her innocence . Over the years , she said , I have told you and the rest of the world that a man shot me and my children . I have never changed my story . Her first parole hearing was on December 9 , 2008 . Lane County District Attorney Douglas Harcleroad wrote to the parole board , Downs continues to fail to demonstrate any honest insight into her criminal behavior...even after her convictions , she continues to fabricate new versions of events under which the crimes occurred . He also wrote that she alternately refers to her assailants as a bushy-haired stranger , two men wearing ski masks or drug dealers and corrupt law enforcement officials . Downs participated in the hearing from the Valley State Prison for Women . She was not permitted a statement , but answered questions from the parole board . After three hours of interviews and thirty minutes of deliberation , she was denied parole . Downs faced her second parole hearing on December 10 , 2010 , and was denied . Her next parole hearing is scheduled for 2021 .

easy

What was the place of detention for Diane Downs from 1994 to 2013?

/wiki/Diane_Downs#P2632#2

Diane Downs Elizabeth Diane Downs ( née Frederickson ; born August 7 , 1955 ) is an American criminal who murdered her daughter and attempted to murder her other two children in May 1983 . Following the crimes , she told police a man had attempted to carjack her and had shot the children . She was convicted in 1984 and sentenced to life in prison plus fifty years . Downs briefly escaped in 1987 and was recaptured . She is the subject of a book by Ann Rule and a made-for-TV movie based upon it , both called Small Sacrifices . She was denied parole in December 2008 and again in December 2010 ; her next hearing is set for 2021 . Early life . Diane Downs was born in Phoenix , Arizona , on August 7 , 1955 , to parents Wesley Linden ( 1930–2017 ) and Willadene ( Engle ) Frederickson . She has testified that her father sexually abused her when she was 12 years old . Diane graduated from Moon Valley High School in Phoenix where she met her husband , Steve Downs . After high school , she enrolled at Pacific Coast Baptist Bible College in Orange , California , but was expelled after one year for promiscuous behavior , and soon returned to her parents home in Arizona . On November 13 , 1973 , Diane married Steve Downs after running away from home . Their first child , Christie Ann , was born in 1974 . Cheryl Lynn followed in 1976 , with Stephen Daniel being born in 1979 . The couple divorced in 1980 because Steve thought Stephen Daniel , known as Danny , was the result of an affair Diane had . On May 8 , 1982 , Downs gave birth to a daughter through surrogacy . She named the child Jennifer before turning her over to her intended parents . Prior to her arrest , Downs was employed by the United States Postal Service , assigned to the mail routes in the city of Cottage Grove , Oregon . Cheryl Lynn , shortly before her death , reportedly told a neighbor of her grandparents that she was afraid of her mother . Shootings . On May 19 , 1983 , Downs shot her three children and drove them in a blood-spattered car to McKenzie-Willamette Hospital . Upon arrival , Cheryl ( aged 7 ) was already dead , Danny ( aged 3 ) was paralyzed from the waist down , and Christie ( aged 8 ) had suffered a disabling stroke . Downs herself had been shot in the left forearm . She claimed she was carjacked on a rural road near Springfield , Oregon , by a strange man who shot her and the children . However , investigators and hospital workers became suspicious because they decided her manner was too calm for a person who had experienced such a traumatic event . She also made a number of statements that both police and hospital workers considered highly inappropriate . Suspicions heightened when Downs , upon arrival at the hospital to visit her children , phoned Robert Knickerbocker , a married man and former coworker in Arizona with whom she had been having an extramarital affair . The forensic evidence did not match her story ; there was no blood spatter on the drivers side of the car , nor was there any gunpowder residue on the drivers door or on the interior door panel . Knickerbocker also reported to police that Downs had stalked him and seemed willing to kill his wife if it meant that she could have him to herself ; he stated that he was relieved that she had left for Oregon and that he was able to reconcile with his wife . Downs did not disclose to police that she owned a .22 caliber handgun , but both Steve Downs and Knickerbocker informed them that she did . Investigators later discovered Downs bought the handgun in Arizona . While they were unable to find the actual weapon , they found unfired casings in her home with extractor markings from the murder weapon . Most damaging , witnesses saw her car being driven very slowly toward the hospital at an estimated speed of , contradicting her claim that she drove to the hospital at high speed after the shooting . Based on this and additional evidence , Downs was arrested on February 28 , 1984 , nine months after the shooting , and charged with one count of murder and two counts each of attempted murder and criminal assault . Prosecution . Prosecutors argued that Downs shot her children to be free of them so she could continue her affair with Knickerbocker , as she claimed that he let it be known that he did not want children in his life . Much of the case against her rested on the testimony of her surviving daughter , Christie , who , once she recovered her ability to speak , described how her mother shot all three children while parked at the side of the road and then shot herself in the arm . Downs was convicted on all charges on June 17 , 1984 , and sentenced to life in prison plus 50 years . She was required to serve 25 years before being considered for parole . Psychiatrists diagnosed her with narcissistic , histrionic , and antisocial personality disorders . Most of her sentence is to be served consecutively . The judge made it clear that he did not intend for Downs to ever be free again . Aftermath . Downs two surviving children eventually went to live with the lead prosecutor on the case , Fred Hugi . He and his wife Joanne adopted them in 1986 . Prior to her arrest , Downs became pregnant with a fourth child and gave birth to a girl , whom she named Amy Elizabeth , a month after her 1984 trial . Ten days before Downs sentencing , Amy was seized by the State of Oregon and adopted by Chris and Jackie Babcock , who named her Rebecca . As an adult , Rebecca appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and ABCs 20/20 discussing how she feels about her biological mother . She wrote to Downs in her younger years and has stated that she regrets it , regarding her mother as a monster . Downs was incarcerated at the Oregon Womens Correctional Center in Salem . She escaped from her cell in Oregon on July 11 , 1988 by scaling an 18-foot razor wire fence . For ten days Downs managed to escape despite a 14-state manhunt before she was recaptured . She received an additional five-year sentence for the escape . After her recapture , Downs was transferred to the New Jersey Department of Corrections Clinton Correctional Facility for Women after heavy lobbying from Hugi . The Salem prison was located 66 miles from Hugis home in Springfield ; during her ten days of freedom , Hugi had feared that Downs would attempt to travel there in hopes of contacting Christie and Danny . Despite significant security upgrades at the womens facility after the escape , state officials accepted Hugis argument that the risk of harm to Christie and Danny in the event of another escape was too great for Downs to remain incarcerated in Oregon . In 1994 , after serving ten years , Downs was transferred to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation . While in prison , she has earned an associate degree in General Studies . In 2010 , she was located in the Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla , California , but transferred out when the facility was converted to an all-male institution in 2013 . Author Ann Rule wrote the book Small Sacrifices ( 1987 ) detailing Downs life and murder trial . The book documents accounts by friends , acquaintances , neighbors , and her surviving daughter Christie , who question the quality of her parenting . A made-for-TV movie also titled Small Sacrifices , starring Farrah Fawcett as Downs , aired on ABC in 1989 . Parole hearing . Downs sentence meant she could not be considered for parole until 2009 . Under Oregon law at the time , as a dangerous offender , Downs would have been eligible for a parole hearing every two years until she is released or dies in prison . In her first application for parole in 2008 , Downs reaffirmed her innocence . Over the years , she said , I have told you and the rest of the world that a man shot me and my children . I have never changed my story . Her first parole hearing was on December 9 , 2008 . Lane County District Attorney Douglas Harcleroad wrote to the parole board , Downs continues to fail to demonstrate any honest insight into her criminal behavior...even after her convictions , she continues to fabricate new versions of events under which the crimes occurred . He also wrote that she alternately refers to her assailants as a bushy-haired stranger , two men wearing ski masks or drug dealers and corrupt law enforcement officials . Downs participated in the hearing from the Valley State Prison for Women . She was not permitted a statement , but answered questions from the parole board . After three hours of interviews and thirty minutes of deliberation , she was denied parole . Downs faced her second parole hearing on December 10 , 2010 , and was denied . Her next parole hearing is scheduled for 2021 .

easy

Which political party did Boris Nemtsov belong to from 1998 to 1999?

/wiki/Boris_Nemtsov#P102#0

Boris Nemtsov Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov ( ; 9 October 195927 February 2015 ) was a Russian physicist and liberal politician . Nemtsov was one of the most important figures in the introduction of reforms into the Russian post-Soviet economy . He had a successful political career in the 1990s under President Boris Yeltsin . From 2000 until his death , he was an outspoken critic of Vladimir Putin . Nemtsov was assassinated on 27 February 2015 , beside his Ukrainian partner Anna Durytska , on a bridge near the Kremlin in Moscow , with four shots fired from the back . In the weeks before his death , Nemtsov expressed fear that Putin would have him killed . In late June 2017 , five Chechnya-born men were found guilty by a jury in a Moscow court for agreeing to kill Nemtsov in exchange for 15 million rubles ( US$253,000 ) ; neither the identity nor whereabouts of the person who hired them is officially known . Nemtsov criticized Putins government as an increasingly authoritarian , undemocratic regime , highlighting widespread embezzlement and profiteering ahead of the Sochi Olympics , and Russian political interference and military involvement in Ukraine . After 2008 , Nemtsov published in-depth reports detailing the corruption under Putin , which he connected directly with the President . As part of the same political struggle , Nemtsov was an active organizer of and participant in Dissenters Marches , Strategy-31 civil actions and rallies For Fair Elections . At the time of the assassination , Nemtsov was in Moscow helping to organize a rally against the Russian military intervention in Ukraine and the Russian financial crisis . At the same time , Nemtsov was working on a report demonstrating that Russian troops were fighting alongside pro-Russian rebels in eastern Ukraine , which the Kremlin had been denying , and was unpopular externally but also in Russia . Nemtsov was the first governor of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ( 1991–97 ) . Later he worked in the government of Russia as Minister of Fuel and Energy ( 1997 ) , Vice Premier of Russia and Security Council member from 1997 to 1998 . In 1998 , he founded the Young Russia movement . In 1998 , he co-founded the coalition group Right Cause and in 1999 , he co-formed Union of Right Forces , an electoral bloc and subsequently a political party . Nemtsov was also a member of the Congress of Peoples Deputies ( 1990 ) , Federation Council ( 1993–97 ) and State Duma ( 1999–2003 ) . He also served as Vice Speaker of the State Duma and the leader of parliamentary group Union of Right Forces . After a 2008 split in the Union of Right Forces , he co-founded Solidarnost . In 2010 , he co-formed the coalition For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption , which was refused registration as a party . Beginning in 2012 , Nemtsov was co-chair of the Republican Party of Russia – Peoples Freedom Party ( RPR-PARNAS ) , a registered political party . At the time of his death , Nemtsov was one of the leaders of the Solidarnost ( Solidarity ) opposition movement , an elected member of the regional parliament of Yaroslavl Oblast , and co-chair of the RPR-PARNAS , which is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats , a Pan-European political party . After Nemtsovs murder , Serge Schmemann of The New York Times paid tribute to him in an article headlined A Reformer Who Never Backed Down . Schmemann wrote : Tall , handsome , witty and irreverent , Mr . Nemtsov was one of the brilliant young men who burst onto the Russian stage at that exciting moment when Communist rule collapsed and a new era seemed imminent . Julia Ioffe of The New York Times described Nemtsov after his death as a powerful , vigorous critic of Vladimir Putin , who was a deeply intelligent , witty , kind and ubiquitous man who seemed to genuinely be everyones friend . Early life . Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov was born in Sochi in 1959 to Yefim Davidovich Nemtsov and Dina Yakovlevna Eidman . His mother , a physician , is Jewish . His parents divorced when he was five years old . In his autobiography , Nemtsov recounts that his Russian Orthodox paternal grandmother had him baptized as an infant , and that he became a practicing Orthodox Christian . He found out about his baptism many years later . Studies and academic career . From 1976 to 1981 , Nemtsov studied physics at N . I . Lobachevsky State University in the city of Gorky , receiving a degree in 1981 . Aged 25 in 1985 , he defended his dissertation for a PhD in Physics and Mathematics from the State University of Gorky . Until 1990 , he worked as a research fellow at the Radiophysical Research Institute , and produced more than 60 academic publications related to quantum physics , thermodynamics and acoustics . He proposed a theoretical model for an acoustic laser and a novel design of antennas for space probes . Political career , 1986–2004 . In the wake of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 , Nemtsov organized a protest movement in his hometown which effectively prevented construction of a nuclear-fired boiler plant in the region . In 1989 , Nemtsov unsuccessfully ran for the Soviet Congress of Peoples Deputies on a reform platform which for the time was quite radical , promoting ideas such as multiparty democracy and private enterprise . In Russias first free elections of 1990 , he ran for the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic representing Gorky , later renamed Nizhny Novgorod . Nemtsov was elected , the only non-communist candidate . He defeated twelve others . Once in Parliament he joined the Reform Coalition and Centre-Left political groups . In the Russian parliament , Nemtsov was on the legislative committee , working on agricultural reform and the liberalization of foreign trade . In this position he met Boris Yeltsin , who was impressed with his work . During the October 1991 attack on the government by Yeltsin opponents , Nemtsov vehemently supported the president and stood by him during the entire clash . After those events , Yeltsin rewarded Nemtsovs loyalty with the position of presidential representative in his home region of Nizhny Novgorod . In November 1991 , Yeltsin appointed him Governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region . He was re-elected to that position by popular vote in December 1995 . His tenure was marked by a wide-ranging , chaotic free market reform program nicknamed Laboratory of Reform for Nizhny Novgorod and resulted in significant economic growth for the region . Nemtsovs reforms won praise from former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher , who visited Nizhny Novgorod in 1993 . From the very outset of Nemtsovs tenure as governor , according to Serge Schmemann , Nemtsov embarked on a whirlwind campaign to transform the region , drawing enthusiastic support from a host of Western agencies . Although the province was closed to foreigners for years and there wasnt even enough paper money for the privatization program , he was optimistic about Moscows future and consequently pushed ahead on his own , even issuing his own money—chits , to be eventually exchanged for rubles that came to be known as Nemtsovki . Nemtsov very openly looked to the West as a model for Russias future . Schmemann noted that Nemtsov adopted the westernized title Governor rather than the Russian Head of Administration . After Nemtsovs death , Leonid Bershidsky recalled meeting him in 1992 during his tenure as governor . A brilliant young physicist , recounted Bershidsky , he was trying to practice liberal economics in a gloomy Soviet-era industrial city that had long been off-limits to foreigners . Bershidsky described his eloquence and demeanor as that of a Hollywood movie politician transplanted into the Russian hinterland . In December 1993 , Nemtsov was elected to the Federation Council , the upper house of the Russian Parliament . During the election campaign he was backed by Russias Choice and Yabloko , which were then the principal liberal parties in the country . In 1996 , Nemtsov brought Yeltsin a petition with one million signatures against the first war in Chechnya , which he had signed himself . In March 1997 , Nemtsov was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation , with special responsibility for reform of the energy sector . He was tasked with restructuring the monopolies and reforming the housing and social sectors . He became widely popular with the public and appeared favoured to become President of Russia in 2000 . Boris Yeltsin introduced him to Bill Clinton as his chosen successor . In the summer of 1997 , opinion polls gave Nemtsov over 50% support as a potential presidential candidate . His political career , however , suffered a blow in August 1998 following the crash of the Russian stock-market and the ensuing economic crisis . Nemtsov had worked in Moscows White House for only a year and a half , although he stated he had some success . He ended the corrupt act of stashing budget funds in commercial banks . He also managed to introduce an anti-corruption law for all state purchases in the government . He also helped to end the illegal export of raw materials and made oil sales more transparent . And , most importantly , while I was the minister responsible for fuel and energy , oil was at barely 10 US dollars per barrel , and still we managed to save Russia . Things were difficult , what with social unrest , strikes , the war in Chechnya , the default , and still – let me repeat – we did save Russia . As part of Chubais economic team , Nemtsov was forced to resign his position of Deputy Prime Minister . After the dismissal of Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin in 1998 , Nemtsov was reappointed Deputy Prime Minister , but resigned shortly afterwards when Yeltsin dissolved the government . According to The Economist , Nemtsov , unlike many other top government figures , emerged from the troubled 1990s with his reputation intact . As early as 1998 , Nemtsov had a personal web site on RuNet . Nemtsov.ru sought to provide information to its users that was not available elsewhere and also was one of the first attempts by a politician to establish two-way communication with an audience . In August 1999 , Nemtsov became one of the co-founders of the Union of Right Forces , a then new liberal-democratic coalition which received nearly 6 million votes , or 8.6% of the vote , in the parliamentary elections in December 1999 . Nemtsov himself was elected to the State Duma , or lower house of Parliament , and became its Deputy Speaker in February 2000 . In May 2000 , Sergei Kiriyenko resigned and Nemtsov was elected leader of the party and its parliamentary group . Over 70% of delegates at the Union of Rightist Forces congress in May 2001 confirmed him as party leader . According to Nemtsov , the Union always consisted of two factions , a Nemtsov faction and a Chubais faction , with the former based on principles and ideology whereas the Chubais faction was pragmatic , existing by the rules of realpolitik . In 2002 , his name appeared on a list of several individuals the hostage-takers during the Moscow theater hostage crisis were willing to speak to directly . Nemtsov did not take part in the negotiations and later said that Putin had ordered him not to go . Between 2000 and 2003 , Nemtsov was in a difficult political position – while he vehemently believed President Vladimir Putins policies were rolling back democracy and civic freedoms in Russia , he needed to collaborate with the powerful co-chairman of the Union of Rightist Forces , Anatoly Chubais , who favoured a conciliatory line towards the Kremlin . In the parliamentary elections of December 2003 , the Union of Rightist Forces platform headed by both Nemtsov and Chubais received just 2.4 million votes , 4% of the total , and thus fell short of the 5% threshold necessary to enter Parliament and as a result lost its seats . In January 2004 , Nemtsov resigned from the party leadership . He became Chairman of the Council of Directors of Neftianoi , an oil company , and also a political advisor to Ukrainian president Viktor Yuschenko . Later career , 2004–2015 . In January 2004 , Nemtsov co-authored with his longtime adviser and party colleague Vladimir V . Kara-Murza an article in Nezavisimaya Gazeta entitled Appeal to the Putinist Majority , in which he warned of the danger of an impending Putin dictatorship . Later the same month , he co-founded Committee 2008 , an umbrella group of the Russian opposition which also included Garry Kasparov , Vladimir Bukovsky and other prominent liberals . In February 2004 , Nemtsov was appointed as a director of the Neftyanoi Bank , and as Chairman of Neftyanoi Concern , an oil firm and the banks parent company . In December 2005 , however , prosecutors announced an investigation of the bank following allegations of money laundering and fraud . Nemtsov subsequently stepped down from both his positions , saying that he wanted to minimize political fallout for the bank from his continuing involvement in Russian politics . Nemtsov also alleged that his bank perhaps was targeted because of his friendship and support of former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov , who had stated his intention to run for president in 2008 . During the 2004 Ukrainian presidential elections , Nemtsov came out as a strong supporter of the eventual winner Viktor Yushchenko , while the Russian government backed his opponent , Viktor Yanukovych . Shortly after the Orange Revolution , as the elections and series of protests in Ukraine came to be called , Yushchenko appointed Nemtsov as an economic adviser . Nemtsovs main goal was to improve business ties between Ukraine and Russia , damaged after the Putin government strongly supported Yushchenkos opponent in the presidential election . Yushchenkos selection of Nemtsov was controversial owing to Nemtsovs vocal criticism of Putin . The relationship between Nemtsov and the Ukrainian government became unstable in the middle of 2005 following accusations that Nemtsov had criticized Ukrainian cabinet decisions , and a group of legislators called for Yushchenko to fire Nemtsov . Despite the criticism , he remained as an economic adviser to Yushchenko until October 2006 , when the office of the Ukrainian president announced that Nemtsov had been relieved of his duties as a free lance presidential adviser . Nemtsov was briefly a candidate for the presidency of Russia in the 2008 election . On 26 December 2007 , Nemtsov withdrew his candidacy for the 2008 election , saying that he did not want to draw votes away from the other candidate of the democratic opposition , Mikhail Kasyanov . Nemtsov also had declared that he would no longer run , in part , due to his belief that the government had predetermined the elections winner . On 13 December 2008 , Nemtsov and Garry Kasparov co-founded the political opposition movement Solidarnost ( Solidarity ) . The organization hoped to unite the opposition forces in Russia . Nemtsov said in February 2011 that Solidarity had done everything it could to resolve conflicts within the opposition and that those who are trying to create a rift among the opposition , whether consciously or unconsciously , are helping Putin stay in power . At a Solidarnost meeting on 12 March 2009 , Nemtsov announced that he would run for mayor of Sochi in the citys 26 April election . As a Sochi native , he had criticized plans to hold the 2014 Winter Olympics in the town . He believed it was this criticism which led Nashi members to attack him with ammonium chloride on 23 March 2009 . In a March 2010 interview , Nemtsov criticized the decision to hold a Winter Olympics in Sochi , saying that Putin had found one of the only places in Russia where there is no snow in the winter . .. . Sochi is subtropical . There is no tradition of skating or hockey there . In Sochi , we prefer football , and volleyball , and swimming . Other parts of Russia need ice palaces—we dont . The construction at the Olympics site was disastrous for the local economy , he added , saying that about 5,000 citizens had been removed from their homes to build Olympic facilities . He also added that thanks to the corruption and incompetence of authorities , [ these people have ] not yet been adequately compensated for their property or been given equivalent housing elsewhere , as they were promised . Billions of dollars have simply disappeared . On 27 April 2009 , it was announced that the acting Sochi mayor and United Russia candidate Anatoly Pakhomov had won the election with 77% of the vote . Nemtsov , who came second with around 14% of the vote , contested the fairness of the election , alleging that he was denied media access and that government workers had been pressured to vote for Pakhomov . Nemtsov was among the 34 original signatories of the online anti-Putin manifesto Putin must go , published on 10 March 2010 . Six months later , in September 2010 , together with Vladimir Ryzhkov , Mikhail Kasyanov and Vladimir Milov , Nemtsov formed the For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption party , which , three months later was transformed into the Peoples Freedom Party . In May 2011 , the party submitted an application for registration to the Ministry of Justice , but one month later it was denied . In response to the question Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov and others , what do they really want ? in a live television broadcast on 16 December 2010 , Putin stated that during the 1990s they dragged a lot of billions along with Berezovsky and those who are now in prison.. . They have been pulled away from the manger , they had been spending heavily , and now they want to go back and fill their pockets . In January 2011 , Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov brought suit over Putins statement before the Moscow City Court , but the following month the suit was dismissed . According to the judge , Tatiana Adamova , the names of Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov were used merely as common names to refer to a certain class of politicians . In a May 2013 report , Nemtsov stated that up to $30 billion had been stolen from funds allocated for the Sochi Olympics . He accused the Putin administration of cronyism and embezzlement of funds on a level so grand it posed a threat to Russian national security . He suggested establishing a civic committee in charge of the investigation of the crimes committed around the Olympic project . Arrests in 2007 , 2010 , and 2011 . Nemtsov was arrested on 25 November 2007 during an unauthorized protest against President Putin near the State Hermitage Museum . Nemtsov and other opposition figures had complained of official harassment , and the police force had been used a number of times to break up what was then known as Dissenters Marches . Nemtsov was released later that day . On 31 December 2010 , he was arrested with other opposition leaders during a rally against government restrictions on public protests . He was sentenced on 2 January 2011 to 15 days in jail . The arrests were condemned by US Senators John McCain and Joe Lieberman , and by Amnesty International , which described him as a prisoner of conscience . The Economist called his arrest a new low in the governance of Russia . The mistreatment of him seems pointlessly malevolent . .. . He poses no threat to the government . The rally was authorized and he was on his way home when the police stopped him . He was charged with disobeying the police and swearing , despite video-footage that showed him asking the police to calm down . A judge would not admit this as evidence . The court disregarded witness statements supporting him and would not let him appeal against his conviction . In a February 2011 interview , Nemtsov recalled that the cell in which he was imprisoned was a stone dungeon , about one and a half by three metres , veiled in semi-darkness so it was impossible to read . There was no bed , no pillows or mattresses , just the floor . He stated that his glasses , belt , and shoelaces were confiscated and he was given substandard living quarters . He attributed the decision to detain him to Vladislav Surkov , Deputy Chief of the Russian Presidents Administration and called it a political decision . Nemtsov filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights , which accepted it and agreed to handle the case through its new urgent procedure . During the 6 December 2011 protests in Moscow , Nemtsov was arrested with at least one hundred other demonstrators . Political views . After his dismissal from the government , Nemtsov became an important actor in the political discourse and eventually in the opposition to Putins government . Nemtsovs political beliefs have caused some to characterize him as a new liberal . In February 2011 , Nemtsov said : Everyone is unhappy with Putin , save perhaps his closest friends . He noted that for three consecutive years capital has been flowing out of the country , with some 40 billion dollars being taken out of the country in 2010 alone . As a result , even within his party of corrupt thieves there are not so many people willing to follow him until the very end . Nemtsov said : [ Putin had ] used the Moscow theatre siege to impose a regime of total censorship on TV ; he went on to destroy NTV , and then TV6 . He used the nightmare of Beslan to remove democratic elections of regional governors . In short , he drowned everyone apart from the terrorists . Nemtsov also stated : There is a myth spreading about how , in the 1990s , we democrats were pals with oligarchs while Putin was fighting them . It was exactly the other way around . We did not let Berezovsky get a foothold in [ the worlds largest natural gas company ] Gazprom , we did not allow him to take over the Svyazinvest company [ Russias largest telecom holding ] . Yet Putin used to go to his birthday parties and bring flowers to his wife . It was Berezovsky who lobbied for Putin to become president and then financed his campaign . Nemtsov told Newsweek in September 2011 that Putins decision to run for president again was predictable , but we were shocked by the hypocrisy and cynicism of the announcement : he declared he was coming back long before the elections . Putin and Medvedev did not even bother to share their decision to swap their chairs with the United Russia party before the congress . Russians had no choice but face his final decision ; his usurpation of political power is sickly humiliating . Nemtsov said that all of his friends in big business planned to take their capital out of Russia , while some prefer to emigrate . In a March 2012 op-ed for The Wall Street Journal , Nemtsov and Garry Kasparov expressed support for the repeal of the Jackson-Vanik amendment that impedes American trade relations with Russia . Nemtsov and Kasparov stated that at opposition meetings following the fraudulent March 4 election , they and their associates publicly resolved that Mr . Putin is not the legitimate leader of Russia . They explained that they wanted the U.S . and other leading nations of the Free World [ to ] cease to provide democratic credentials to Mr . Putin , and asked that the U.S . replace Jackson-Vanik with the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act and thus improve relations between the United States and the people of Russia all while refusing aid to the Putin regime . In December 2013 , Nemtsov said on behalf of his party : We support Ukraines course toward European integration [ ... ] By supporting Ukraine , we also support ourselves . Nemtsov condemned the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in eastern Ukraine : My condolences to the families of the victims . The bastards , who did this , must be destroyed . The separatists the other day bragged they had the Buk missiles , with which they wanted to take down an AN-26 . If those are them , they must get no mercy . Nemtsov was among the few Russian statesmen to vocally criticize the annexation of Crimea by Russia . Nemtsov stated that he viewed Crimea as an integral part of Ukraine , that he considered its annexation by the Russian Federation to be illegal , and that the people of Crimea and not Russian legislators should decide which country they want to live in . In an op-ed published on 1 September 2014 in the Kyiv Post , Nemtsov lamented the fratricidal war between Russia and Ukraine . This is not our war , this is not your war , this is not the war of 20-year-old paratroopers sent out there . This is Vladimir Putins war . He accused Putin of trying to dissect Ukraine and create in the east of the country a puppet state , Novorossiya , that is fully economically and politically controlled by the Kremlin . Meanwhile , wrote Nemtsov , Russia itself is sinking into lies , violence , obscurantism and imperial hysteria . He stated that he sometimes thinks Putin is insane , but at other times he recognizes that Putin is driven by one goal : the preservation of personal power and money at any cost . Ukraine had overthrown a thieving president , and Putin needed to punish it to make sure that no Russian would get these thoughts . Ukraine chose the European way , which implies the rule of law , democracy and change of power . Ukraines success on this way is a direct threat to Putins power because he chose the opposite course – a lifetime in power , filled with arbitrariness and corruption . He criticized Putin in 2014 : I cannot understand what Putin expects when he arms 20,000 Kadyrovites . Putin diligently finances Chechnya by sending there trains loaded with money . The republic receives a minimum of 60 billion rubles a year in grants . Only Allah knows how much money is being siphoned off through different programs , such as Northern Caucasus Resorts . In April 2014 , in an interview with journalists Boris Nemtsov called Putin a mental patient . This statement was used as the basis for initiation of criminal proceeding against Nemtsov but , eventually , the case was requalified to administrative offence . Assassination . Nemtsovs fears . Less than three weeks before his murder , on 10 February , Nemtsov had written on Russias Sobesednik news website that his 87-year-old mother was afraid Putin would kill him . He added that his mother is also afraid for former oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky and anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny . When asked if he himself was afraid for his life , Nemtsov answered : Yes , not as strongly as my mother , but still.. . In an extended version of the interview , Nemtsov reportedly added : I am just joking . If I were afraid of Putin , I wouldnt be in this line of work . Two weeks prior to his assassination , Nemtsov had met with an old friend , Yevgenia Albats , editor of The New Times magazine , to discuss his research into Putins role in the Ukraine conflict . Albats said that Nemtsov was afraid of being killed , adding : And he was trying to convince himself , and me , they wouldnt touch him because he was a [ former ] member of the Russian government , a vice premier , and they wouldnt want to create a precedent . Because as he said , one time the power will change hands in Russia again , and those who served Putin wouldnt want to create this precedent . Assassination of Nemtsov ( 27 February 2015 ) . Just before midnight , at 23:31 local time on 27 February 2015 , Nemtsov was shot several times from behind . He was crossing the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge in Moscow , close to the Kremlin walls and Red Square . He died at the scene . He was murdered less than two days before he was due to take part in a peace rally against Russian involvement in the war in Ukraine and the financial crisis in Russia . The BBC reported : In his last tweet , Mr . Nemtsov sent out an appeal for Russias divided opposition to unite at an anti-war march he was planning for Sunday . The BBC also quoted him as saying : If you support stopping Russias war with Ukraine , if you support stopping Putins aggression , come to the Spring March in Maryino on 1 March . The night after Nemtsovs murder , his papers , writings and computer hard drives were confiscated in a police search of his apartment on Malaya Ordynka street . Aftermath , context and accusations . Russian journalist Ksenia Sobchak said that Nemtsov had been preparing a report proving the presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine despite its heated denial of any involvement there . Two weeks before his murder , Nemtsov had met with an old friend to discuss his latest research into what he said was dissembling and misdeeds in the Kremlin . Yevgenia Albats , editor of The New Times magazine , said that Nemtsov worked on a report which he planned to call Putin and the War , because it focused on Russias role in the Ukraine conflict . Albats commented on her fear for Nemtsovs life . Some people had accused Russian security services of responsibility for the crime . Vladimir Milov , a former deputy minister of energy and fellow opposition figure , said : There is ever less doubt that the state is behind the murder of Boris Nemtsov and stated that the objective had been to sow fear . Opposition activist Maksim Kats held Putin responsible : If he ordered it , then hes guilty as the orderer . And even if he didnt , then [ he is responsible ] as the inciter of hatred , hysteria , and anger among the people . Dmitry Peskov , a spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin , told reporters : Putin noted that this cruel murder has all the hallmarks of a contract hit and is extremely provocative . Russian opposition leader and Nemtsovs ally Ilya Yashin claimed that Chechnyas leader Ramzan Kadyrov was behind the assassination of Nemtsov , saying that Chechnya today is a quasi-Islamic state within the Russian federation that does not obey Russian rules , and whose only connection with the federal authorities is the systematic receipt of money from the federal budget . Russian society stays silent because people are afraid of Kadyrov . And he exploits this fear as an instrument to muffle critics . Zhanna Nemtsova repeatedly said she wanted Kadyrov to be questioned about what he knew about the assassination of her father . Shortly after Nemtsovs murder , Julia Ioffe , a reporter , wrote that several theories about the crime had begun to circulate . Yet we can be sure that the investigation will lead precisely nowhere , she stated . At most , some sad sap , the supposed trigger-puller , will be hauled in front of a judge , the scapegoat for someone far more powerful . More likely , the case will founder for years amid promises that everyone is working hard , and no one will be brought to justice at all . Ioffe said that the Kremlin was already muddying the waters . LifeNews , a publication tied to Russias security agencies , had suggested three possible theories , namely that the killing was revenge for forcing Duritskaya to get an abortion , or that it had something to do with money Nemtsov was receiving from allies abroad , or that it was an attempt to smear the Kremlin . A statement by the governments Investigative Committee theorized that Nemtsov was killed by someone from his own opposition movement who wanted to create a martyr and even suggested that the assassination was connected to the Charlie Hebdo killings . After Nemtsovs murder , Serge Schmemann of The New York Times paid tribute to him in an article headlined A Reformer Who Never Backed Down . Schmemann wrote : Tall , handsome , witty and irreverent , Mr . Nemtsov was one of the brilliant young men who burst onto the Russian stage at that exciting moment when Communist rule collapsed and a new era seemed imminent . Julia Ioffe of The New York Times described Nemtsov after his death as a powerful , vigorous critic of Vladimir Putin , who was a deeply intelligent , witty , kind and ubiquitous man who seemed to genuinely be everyones friend . Reactions and sanctions . Political consultant Gleb Pavlovsky opined that Russia had been overcome by a Weimar atmosphere in which there were no longer any limits . Opposition activist Leonid Volkov maintained that Russians now lived in a different political reality . United States President Barack Obama called on Russias government to launch a prompt , impartial , and transparent investigation to ensure that those responsible for this vicious killing are brought to justice . German Chancellor Angela Merkel condemned the cowardly murder . A statement by her office demanded that Putin assure himself that this assassination is elucidated and that its perpetrators are held accountable . On 6 December 2017 , the Council of the District of Columbia held a hearing to decide on symbolically renaming a section of Wisconsin Avenue as Boris Nemtsov Plaza . The Embassy of the Russian Federation fronts the section of street proposed for the designation . On 9 January 2018 , the Council unanimously approved the Boris Nemtsov Plaza Designation Act of 2017 which authorized the renaming . The section of the street was renamed . On 12 March 2019 , the U.S . House of Representatives passed a series of bills meant to hold Russian President Vladimir Putin accountable for his countrys actions , including a measure condemning the Russian leader and his government for their alleged roles in covering up the 2015 assassination of Putin political opponent Boris Nemtsov Convictions . Several suspects have been implicated in the assassination , all of whom are Chechens . The alleged shooter is a former officer in the security force of Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov , who was also accused by opposition leader Ilya Yashin of having murdered Nemtsov . Five Chechen men were prosecuted for his murder . In late June 2017 , these men were found guilty by a jury in a court at Moscow for agreeing to kill Nemtsov in exchange for 15 million rubles ( US$253,000 ) ; neither the identity nor whereabouts of the person who hired them has been publicly revealed . Memorial rallies . At a memorial rally held in Moscow on 1 March , the date on which Nemtsov had planned to lead an opposition march , mourners carried signs that read : He was fighting for a free Russia , Those shots were in each of us , He died for the future of Russia , and They were afraid of you , Boris . Several thousand people also marched in St . Petersburg . Serge Schmemann of The New York Times wrote that the Moscow rally seemed like a memorial march for the hopes and dreams that lay alongside Mr . Nemtsovs murdered body in the middle of the night on the bridge to Red Square . In August 2015 , Nemtsovs daughter Zhanna Nemtsova was the recipient of Polands Democracy Award for her fathers work . On 9 October 2015 , opposition activists in Moscow erected a monument dedicated to Nemtsov at his tomb at Troyekurovskoye Cemetery , plot 16 . The monument , unveiled on what would have been his 56th birthday , shows Nemtsovs name with five bullet holes puncturing it . In late February 2017 , a peaceful protest and commemorative plaque dedication are planned in Nizhny Novgorod , in commemoration of his ideology and the freedom of speech that led to his assassination . Honors and awards . - Medal of the Order For Merit to the Fatherland , Second class , ( 10 March 1995 ) – for service to the state associated with the completion of the first phase of the voucher privatization scheme . - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms ( Ministry of Defense ) ( 2001 ) . - Order of Holy Prince Daniel of Moscow ( ROC ) ( 1996 ) – for his contribution to nation-building . - Honorary sign of the Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Region Merit ( 26 March 2009 ) . - Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise , Fifth class , ( Ukraine ) ( 19 August 2006 ) – for a significant contribution to the development of international cooperation , strengthening the authority and positive image of Ukraine in the world , popularization of its historical and modern achievements . - Order of Liberty ( Ukraine , posthumously ) . - Jan Karski Eagle Prize ( Poland , 15 May 2015 , posthumously ) . - IRI Freedom Award ( United States , September 2015 , posthumously ) Political publications . Memoirs : - Provincial – 1997 ; - Provincial in Moscow – 1999 - Confessions of a rebel – 2007 Beginning in 2008 , Nemtsov and Vladimir Milov published several white papers criticising Putins government and proposing alternative ways of development for the country : - Putin . Results – February 2008 - Putin and Gazprom – September 2008 - Putin and the Crisis – February 2009 - Sochi and the Olympics – April 2009 - Putin . Results . 10 years – June 2010 , Putin : What 10 Years of Putin Have Brought , revised edition of the report Putin . Results of 2008 . - Putin . Corruption – March 2011 . Written by co-chairmen of the Peoples Freedom Party Nemtsov , Milov , Ryzhkov and Solidarity movement spokesman Olga Shorina . The printing of the report was funded with donations . Entitled Putin the Thief , this report stated that Putins decade in power had seen an extraordinary increase in the abuse of power and corruption . The report described Putins corruption in detail and said that it far exceeded the scale of corruption under Yeltsin . The report stated that corruption in Russia has ceased being a problem in Russia ; it has become a system that represents 25% of the countrys GNP . - In a May 2013 report , Nemtsov stated that up to $30 billion had been stolen from funds allocated for the Sochi Olympics . He accused the Putin administration of cronyism and embezzlement of funds on a level so grand it posed as a threat to Russian national security . He suggested establishing a civic committee in charge of the investigation of the crimes committed around the Olympic project . - At the time of his murder , Nemtsov was preparing for publication his next report proving the presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine ( BBC News International , 28 February 2015 ; a Russian source is quoting journalist Kseniya Sobchak on the matter ) . In May 2015 , the report has been published under the title Putin . War . The publication reported that more than 200 Russian soldiers were then operating in Ukraine . - Nemtsov , Boris . 2000 . Reform for Russia : Forging a New Domestic Policy , Harvard International Review 22 ( No . 2 ) : 16–21 . Documentary films . - 2015 – My Friend Boris Nemtsov ( , Moj drug Boris Nemtsov ) , documentary film by Zosia Rodkevich on the man and political activist Nemtsov . - 2016 – Nemtsov ( , Nemtsov ) , documentary film by Vladimir V . Kara-Murza . - 2016 – The Man Who Was Too Free ( , Slishkom svobodnyy chelovek ) , documentary film by Mikhail Fishman and Vera Krichevskaya . Further reading . - Dunlop , John B . The February 2015 Assassination of Boris Nemtsov and the Flawed Trial of his Alleged Killers . An Exploration of Russias Crime of the 21st Century ( Stuttgart : Ibidem-Verlag , 2019 ) , 197pp . External links . - Nemtsov at Solidarity - Nemtsov at LiveJournal - Reports on Putin - Interview with Boris Nemtsov on BBCs HARDtalk ( Air date 7 February 2011 ) - Seven portraits made by Lena Hades five days after the murder of Boris Nemtsov and the start of the art marathon across Russia in memory of Boris Nemtsov

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Which political party did Boris Nemtsov belong to from 1999 to 2001?

/wiki/Boris_Nemtsov#P102#1

Boris Nemtsov Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov ( ; 9 October 195927 February 2015 ) was a Russian physicist and liberal politician . Nemtsov was one of the most important figures in the introduction of reforms into the Russian post-Soviet economy . He had a successful political career in the 1990s under President Boris Yeltsin . From 2000 until his death , he was an outspoken critic of Vladimir Putin . Nemtsov was assassinated on 27 February 2015 , beside his Ukrainian partner Anna Durytska , on a bridge near the Kremlin in Moscow , with four shots fired from the back . In the weeks before his death , Nemtsov expressed fear that Putin would have him killed . In late June 2017 , five Chechnya-born men were found guilty by a jury in a Moscow court for agreeing to kill Nemtsov in exchange for 15 million rubles ( US$253,000 ) ; neither the identity nor whereabouts of the person who hired them is officially known . Nemtsov criticized Putins government as an increasingly authoritarian , undemocratic regime , highlighting widespread embezzlement and profiteering ahead of the Sochi Olympics , and Russian political interference and military involvement in Ukraine . After 2008 , Nemtsov published in-depth reports detailing the corruption under Putin , which he connected directly with the President . As part of the same political struggle , Nemtsov was an active organizer of and participant in Dissenters Marches , Strategy-31 civil actions and rallies For Fair Elections . At the time of the assassination , Nemtsov was in Moscow helping to organize a rally against the Russian military intervention in Ukraine and the Russian financial crisis . At the same time , Nemtsov was working on a report demonstrating that Russian troops were fighting alongside pro-Russian rebels in eastern Ukraine , which the Kremlin had been denying , and was unpopular externally but also in Russia . Nemtsov was the first governor of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ( 1991–97 ) . Later he worked in the government of Russia as Minister of Fuel and Energy ( 1997 ) , Vice Premier of Russia and Security Council member from 1997 to 1998 . In 1998 , he founded the Young Russia movement . In 1998 , he co-founded the coalition group Right Cause and in 1999 , he co-formed Union of Right Forces , an electoral bloc and subsequently a political party . Nemtsov was also a member of the Congress of Peoples Deputies ( 1990 ) , Federation Council ( 1993–97 ) and State Duma ( 1999–2003 ) . He also served as Vice Speaker of the State Duma and the leader of parliamentary group Union of Right Forces . After a 2008 split in the Union of Right Forces , he co-founded Solidarnost . In 2010 , he co-formed the coalition For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption , which was refused registration as a party . Beginning in 2012 , Nemtsov was co-chair of the Republican Party of Russia – Peoples Freedom Party ( RPR-PARNAS ) , a registered political party . At the time of his death , Nemtsov was one of the leaders of the Solidarnost ( Solidarity ) opposition movement , an elected member of the regional parliament of Yaroslavl Oblast , and co-chair of the RPR-PARNAS , which is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats , a Pan-European political party . After Nemtsovs murder , Serge Schmemann of The New York Times paid tribute to him in an article headlined A Reformer Who Never Backed Down . Schmemann wrote : Tall , handsome , witty and irreverent , Mr . Nemtsov was one of the brilliant young men who burst onto the Russian stage at that exciting moment when Communist rule collapsed and a new era seemed imminent . Julia Ioffe of The New York Times described Nemtsov after his death as a powerful , vigorous critic of Vladimir Putin , who was a deeply intelligent , witty , kind and ubiquitous man who seemed to genuinely be everyones friend . Early life . Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov was born in Sochi in 1959 to Yefim Davidovich Nemtsov and Dina Yakovlevna Eidman . His mother , a physician , is Jewish . His parents divorced when he was five years old . In his autobiography , Nemtsov recounts that his Russian Orthodox paternal grandmother had him baptized as an infant , and that he became a practicing Orthodox Christian . He found out about his baptism many years later . Studies and academic career . From 1976 to 1981 , Nemtsov studied physics at N . I . Lobachevsky State University in the city of Gorky , receiving a degree in 1981 . Aged 25 in 1985 , he defended his dissertation for a PhD in Physics and Mathematics from the State University of Gorky . Until 1990 , he worked as a research fellow at the Radiophysical Research Institute , and produced more than 60 academic publications related to quantum physics , thermodynamics and acoustics . He proposed a theoretical model for an acoustic laser and a novel design of antennas for space probes . Political career , 1986–2004 . In the wake of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 , Nemtsov organized a protest movement in his hometown which effectively prevented construction of a nuclear-fired boiler plant in the region . In 1989 , Nemtsov unsuccessfully ran for the Soviet Congress of Peoples Deputies on a reform platform which for the time was quite radical , promoting ideas such as multiparty democracy and private enterprise . In Russias first free elections of 1990 , he ran for the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic representing Gorky , later renamed Nizhny Novgorod . Nemtsov was elected , the only non-communist candidate . He defeated twelve others . Once in Parliament he joined the Reform Coalition and Centre-Left political groups . In the Russian parliament , Nemtsov was on the legislative committee , working on agricultural reform and the liberalization of foreign trade . In this position he met Boris Yeltsin , who was impressed with his work . During the October 1991 attack on the government by Yeltsin opponents , Nemtsov vehemently supported the president and stood by him during the entire clash . After those events , Yeltsin rewarded Nemtsovs loyalty with the position of presidential representative in his home region of Nizhny Novgorod . In November 1991 , Yeltsin appointed him Governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region . He was re-elected to that position by popular vote in December 1995 . His tenure was marked by a wide-ranging , chaotic free market reform program nicknamed Laboratory of Reform for Nizhny Novgorod and resulted in significant economic growth for the region . Nemtsovs reforms won praise from former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher , who visited Nizhny Novgorod in 1993 . From the very outset of Nemtsovs tenure as governor , according to Serge Schmemann , Nemtsov embarked on a whirlwind campaign to transform the region , drawing enthusiastic support from a host of Western agencies . Although the province was closed to foreigners for years and there wasnt even enough paper money for the privatization program , he was optimistic about Moscows future and consequently pushed ahead on his own , even issuing his own money—chits , to be eventually exchanged for rubles that came to be known as Nemtsovki . Nemtsov very openly looked to the West as a model for Russias future . Schmemann noted that Nemtsov adopted the westernized title Governor rather than the Russian Head of Administration . After Nemtsovs death , Leonid Bershidsky recalled meeting him in 1992 during his tenure as governor . A brilliant young physicist , recounted Bershidsky , he was trying to practice liberal economics in a gloomy Soviet-era industrial city that had long been off-limits to foreigners . Bershidsky described his eloquence and demeanor as that of a Hollywood movie politician transplanted into the Russian hinterland . In December 1993 , Nemtsov was elected to the Federation Council , the upper house of the Russian Parliament . During the election campaign he was backed by Russias Choice and Yabloko , which were then the principal liberal parties in the country . In 1996 , Nemtsov brought Yeltsin a petition with one million signatures against the first war in Chechnya , which he had signed himself . In March 1997 , Nemtsov was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation , with special responsibility for reform of the energy sector . He was tasked with restructuring the monopolies and reforming the housing and social sectors . He became widely popular with the public and appeared favoured to become President of Russia in 2000 . Boris Yeltsin introduced him to Bill Clinton as his chosen successor . In the summer of 1997 , opinion polls gave Nemtsov over 50% support as a potential presidential candidate . His political career , however , suffered a blow in August 1998 following the crash of the Russian stock-market and the ensuing economic crisis . Nemtsov had worked in Moscows White House for only a year and a half , although he stated he had some success . He ended the corrupt act of stashing budget funds in commercial banks . He also managed to introduce an anti-corruption law for all state purchases in the government . He also helped to end the illegal export of raw materials and made oil sales more transparent . And , most importantly , while I was the minister responsible for fuel and energy , oil was at barely 10 US dollars per barrel , and still we managed to save Russia . Things were difficult , what with social unrest , strikes , the war in Chechnya , the default , and still – let me repeat – we did save Russia . As part of Chubais economic team , Nemtsov was forced to resign his position of Deputy Prime Minister . After the dismissal of Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin in 1998 , Nemtsov was reappointed Deputy Prime Minister , but resigned shortly afterwards when Yeltsin dissolved the government . According to The Economist , Nemtsov , unlike many other top government figures , emerged from the troubled 1990s with his reputation intact . As early as 1998 , Nemtsov had a personal web site on RuNet . Nemtsov.ru sought to provide information to its users that was not available elsewhere and also was one of the first attempts by a politician to establish two-way communication with an audience . In August 1999 , Nemtsov became one of the co-founders of the Union of Right Forces , a then new liberal-democratic coalition which received nearly 6 million votes , or 8.6% of the vote , in the parliamentary elections in December 1999 . Nemtsov himself was elected to the State Duma , or lower house of Parliament , and became its Deputy Speaker in February 2000 . In May 2000 , Sergei Kiriyenko resigned and Nemtsov was elected leader of the party and its parliamentary group . Over 70% of delegates at the Union of Rightist Forces congress in May 2001 confirmed him as party leader . According to Nemtsov , the Union always consisted of two factions , a Nemtsov faction and a Chubais faction , with the former based on principles and ideology whereas the Chubais faction was pragmatic , existing by the rules of realpolitik . In 2002 , his name appeared on a list of several individuals the hostage-takers during the Moscow theater hostage crisis were willing to speak to directly . Nemtsov did not take part in the negotiations and later said that Putin had ordered him not to go . Between 2000 and 2003 , Nemtsov was in a difficult political position – while he vehemently believed President Vladimir Putins policies were rolling back democracy and civic freedoms in Russia , he needed to collaborate with the powerful co-chairman of the Union of Rightist Forces , Anatoly Chubais , who favoured a conciliatory line towards the Kremlin . In the parliamentary elections of December 2003 , the Union of Rightist Forces platform headed by both Nemtsov and Chubais received just 2.4 million votes , 4% of the total , and thus fell short of the 5% threshold necessary to enter Parliament and as a result lost its seats . In January 2004 , Nemtsov resigned from the party leadership . He became Chairman of the Council of Directors of Neftianoi , an oil company , and also a political advisor to Ukrainian president Viktor Yuschenko . Later career , 2004–2015 . In January 2004 , Nemtsov co-authored with his longtime adviser and party colleague Vladimir V . Kara-Murza an article in Nezavisimaya Gazeta entitled Appeal to the Putinist Majority , in which he warned of the danger of an impending Putin dictatorship . Later the same month , he co-founded Committee 2008 , an umbrella group of the Russian opposition which also included Garry Kasparov , Vladimir Bukovsky and other prominent liberals . In February 2004 , Nemtsov was appointed as a director of the Neftyanoi Bank , and as Chairman of Neftyanoi Concern , an oil firm and the banks parent company . In December 2005 , however , prosecutors announced an investigation of the bank following allegations of money laundering and fraud . Nemtsov subsequently stepped down from both his positions , saying that he wanted to minimize political fallout for the bank from his continuing involvement in Russian politics . Nemtsov also alleged that his bank perhaps was targeted because of his friendship and support of former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov , who had stated his intention to run for president in 2008 . During the 2004 Ukrainian presidential elections , Nemtsov came out as a strong supporter of the eventual winner Viktor Yushchenko , while the Russian government backed his opponent , Viktor Yanukovych . Shortly after the Orange Revolution , as the elections and series of protests in Ukraine came to be called , Yushchenko appointed Nemtsov as an economic adviser . Nemtsovs main goal was to improve business ties between Ukraine and Russia , damaged after the Putin government strongly supported Yushchenkos opponent in the presidential election . Yushchenkos selection of Nemtsov was controversial owing to Nemtsovs vocal criticism of Putin . The relationship between Nemtsov and the Ukrainian government became unstable in the middle of 2005 following accusations that Nemtsov had criticized Ukrainian cabinet decisions , and a group of legislators called for Yushchenko to fire Nemtsov . Despite the criticism , he remained as an economic adviser to Yushchenko until October 2006 , when the office of the Ukrainian president announced that Nemtsov had been relieved of his duties as a free lance presidential adviser . Nemtsov was briefly a candidate for the presidency of Russia in the 2008 election . On 26 December 2007 , Nemtsov withdrew his candidacy for the 2008 election , saying that he did not want to draw votes away from the other candidate of the democratic opposition , Mikhail Kasyanov . Nemtsov also had declared that he would no longer run , in part , due to his belief that the government had predetermined the elections winner . On 13 December 2008 , Nemtsov and Garry Kasparov co-founded the political opposition movement Solidarnost ( Solidarity ) . The organization hoped to unite the opposition forces in Russia . Nemtsov said in February 2011 that Solidarity had done everything it could to resolve conflicts within the opposition and that those who are trying to create a rift among the opposition , whether consciously or unconsciously , are helping Putin stay in power . At a Solidarnost meeting on 12 March 2009 , Nemtsov announced that he would run for mayor of Sochi in the citys 26 April election . As a Sochi native , he had criticized plans to hold the 2014 Winter Olympics in the town . He believed it was this criticism which led Nashi members to attack him with ammonium chloride on 23 March 2009 . In a March 2010 interview , Nemtsov criticized the decision to hold a Winter Olympics in Sochi , saying that Putin had found one of the only places in Russia where there is no snow in the winter . .. . Sochi is subtropical . There is no tradition of skating or hockey there . In Sochi , we prefer football , and volleyball , and swimming . Other parts of Russia need ice palaces—we dont . The construction at the Olympics site was disastrous for the local economy , he added , saying that about 5,000 citizens had been removed from their homes to build Olympic facilities . He also added that thanks to the corruption and incompetence of authorities , [ these people have ] not yet been adequately compensated for their property or been given equivalent housing elsewhere , as they were promised . Billions of dollars have simply disappeared . On 27 April 2009 , it was announced that the acting Sochi mayor and United Russia candidate Anatoly Pakhomov had won the election with 77% of the vote . Nemtsov , who came second with around 14% of the vote , contested the fairness of the election , alleging that he was denied media access and that government workers had been pressured to vote for Pakhomov . Nemtsov was among the 34 original signatories of the online anti-Putin manifesto Putin must go , published on 10 March 2010 . Six months later , in September 2010 , together with Vladimir Ryzhkov , Mikhail Kasyanov and Vladimir Milov , Nemtsov formed the For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption party , which , three months later was transformed into the Peoples Freedom Party . In May 2011 , the party submitted an application for registration to the Ministry of Justice , but one month later it was denied . In response to the question Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov and others , what do they really want ? in a live television broadcast on 16 December 2010 , Putin stated that during the 1990s they dragged a lot of billions along with Berezovsky and those who are now in prison.. . They have been pulled away from the manger , they had been spending heavily , and now they want to go back and fill their pockets . In January 2011 , Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov brought suit over Putins statement before the Moscow City Court , but the following month the suit was dismissed . According to the judge , Tatiana Adamova , the names of Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov were used merely as common names to refer to a certain class of politicians . In a May 2013 report , Nemtsov stated that up to $30 billion had been stolen from funds allocated for the Sochi Olympics . He accused the Putin administration of cronyism and embezzlement of funds on a level so grand it posed a threat to Russian national security . He suggested establishing a civic committee in charge of the investigation of the crimes committed around the Olympic project . Arrests in 2007 , 2010 , and 2011 . Nemtsov was arrested on 25 November 2007 during an unauthorized protest against President Putin near the State Hermitage Museum . Nemtsov and other opposition figures had complained of official harassment , and the police force had been used a number of times to break up what was then known as Dissenters Marches . Nemtsov was released later that day . On 31 December 2010 , he was arrested with other opposition leaders during a rally against government restrictions on public protests . He was sentenced on 2 January 2011 to 15 days in jail . The arrests were condemned by US Senators John McCain and Joe Lieberman , and by Amnesty International , which described him as a prisoner of conscience . The Economist called his arrest a new low in the governance of Russia . The mistreatment of him seems pointlessly malevolent . .. . He poses no threat to the government . The rally was authorized and he was on his way home when the police stopped him . He was charged with disobeying the police and swearing , despite video-footage that showed him asking the police to calm down . A judge would not admit this as evidence . The court disregarded witness statements supporting him and would not let him appeal against his conviction . In a February 2011 interview , Nemtsov recalled that the cell in which he was imprisoned was a stone dungeon , about one and a half by three metres , veiled in semi-darkness so it was impossible to read . There was no bed , no pillows or mattresses , just the floor . He stated that his glasses , belt , and shoelaces were confiscated and he was given substandard living quarters . He attributed the decision to detain him to Vladislav Surkov , Deputy Chief of the Russian Presidents Administration and called it a political decision . Nemtsov filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights , which accepted it and agreed to handle the case through its new urgent procedure . During the 6 December 2011 protests in Moscow , Nemtsov was arrested with at least one hundred other demonstrators . Political views . After his dismissal from the government , Nemtsov became an important actor in the political discourse and eventually in the opposition to Putins government . Nemtsovs political beliefs have caused some to characterize him as a new liberal . In February 2011 , Nemtsov said : Everyone is unhappy with Putin , save perhaps his closest friends . He noted that for three consecutive years capital has been flowing out of the country , with some 40 billion dollars being taken out of the country in 2010 alone . As a result , even within his party of corrupt thieves there are not so many people willing to follow him until the very end . Nemtsov said : [ Putin had ] used the Moscow theatre siege to impose a regime of total censorship on TV ; he went on to destroy NTV , and then TV6 . He used the nightmare of Beslan to remove democratic elections of regional governors . In short , he drowned everyone apart from the terrorists . Nemtsov also stated : There is a myth spreading about how , in the 1990s , we democrats were pals with oligarchs while Putin was fighting them . It was exactly the other way around . We did not let Berezovsky get a foothold in [ the worlds largest natural gas company ] Gazprom , we did not allow him to take over the Svyazinvest company [ Russias largest telecom holding ] . Yet Putin used to go to his birthday parties and bring flowers to his wife . It was Berezovsky who lobbied for Putin to become president and then financed his campaign . Nemtsov told Newsweek in September 2011 that Putins decision to run for president again was predictable , but we were shocked by the hypocrisy and cynicism of the announcement : he declared he was coming back long before the elections . Putin and Medvedev did not even bother to share their decision to swap their chairs with the United Russia party before the congress . Russians had no choice but face his final decision ; his usurpation of political power is sickly humiliating . Nemtsov said that all of his friends in big business planned to take their capital out of Russia , while some prefer to emigrate . In a March 2012 op-ed for The Wall Street Journal , Nemtsov and Garry Kasparov expressed support for the repeal of the Jackson-Vanik amendment that impedes American trade relations with Russia . Nemtsov and Kasparov stated that at opposition meetings following the fraudulent March 4 election , they and their associates publicly resolved that Mr . Putin is not the legitimate leader of Russia . They explained that they wanted the U.S . and other leading nations of the Free World [ to ] cease to provide democratic credentials to Mr . Putin , and asked that the U.S . replace Jackson-Vanik with the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act and thus improve relations between the United States and the people of Russia all while refusing aid to the Putin regime . In December 2013 , Nemtsov said on behalf of his party : We support Ukraines course toward European integration [ ... ] By supporting Ukraine , we also support ourselves . Nemtsov condemned the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in eastern Ukraine : My condolences to the families of the victims . The bastards , who did this , must be destroyed . The separatists the other day bragged they had the Buk missiles , with which they wanted to take down an AN-26 . If those are them , they must get no mercy . Nemtsov was among the few Russian statesmen to vocally criticize the annexation of Crimea by Russia . Nemtsov stated that he viewed Crimea as an integral part of Ukraine , that he considered its annexation by the Russian Federation to be illegal , and that the people of Crimea and not Russian legislators should decide which country they want to live in . In an op-ed published on 1 September 2014 in the Kyiv Post , Nemtsov lamented the fratricidal war between Russia and Ukraine . This is not our war , this is not your war , this is not the war of 20-year-old paratroopers sent out there . This is Vladimir Putins war . He accused Putin of trying to dissect Ukraine and create in the east of the country a puppet state , Novorossiya , that is fully economically and politically controlled by the Kremlin . Meanwhile , wrote Nemtsov , Russia itself is sinking into lies , violence , obscurantism and imperial hysteria . He stated that he sometimes thinks Putin is insane , but at other times he recognizes that Putin is driven by one goal : the preservation of personal power and money at any cost . Ukraine had overthrown a thieving president , and Putin needed to punish it to make sure that no Russian would get these thoughts . Ukraine chose the European way , which implies the rule of law , democracy and change of power . Ukraines success on this way is a direct threat to Putins power because he chose the opposite course – a lifetime in power , filled with arbitrariness and corruption . He criticized Putin in 2014 : I cannot understand what Putin expects when he arms 20,000 Kadyrovites . Putin diligently finances Chechnya by sending there trains loaded with money . The republic receives a minimum of 60 billion rubles a year in grants . Only Allah knows how much money is being siphoned off through different programs , such as Northern Caucasus Resorts . In April 2014 , in an interview with journalists Boris Nemtsov called Putin a mental patient . This statement was used as the basis for initiation of criminal proceeding against Nemtsov but , eventually , the case was requalified to administrative offence . Assassination . Nemtsovs fears . Less than three weeks before his murder , on 10 February , Nemtsov had written on Russias Sobesednik news website that his 87-year-old mother was afraid Putin would kill him . He added that his mother is also afraid for former oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky and anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny . When asked if he himself was afraid for his life , Nemtsov answered : Yes , not as strongly as my mother , but still.. . In an extended version of the interview , Nemtsov reportedly added : I am just joking . If I were afraid of Putin , I wouldnt be in this line of work . Two weeks prior to his assassination , Nemtsov had met with an old friend , Yevgenia Albats , editor of The New Times magazine , to discuss his research into Putins role in the Ukraine conflict . Albats said that Nemtsov was afraid of being killed , adding : And he was trying to convince himself , and me , they wouldnt touch him because he was a [ former ] member of the Russian government , a vice premier , and they wouldnt want to create a precedent . Because as he said , one time the power will change hands in Russia again , and those who served Putin wouldnt want to create this precedent . Assassination of Nemtsov ( 27 February 2015 ) . Just before midnight , at 23:31 local time on 27 February 2015 , Nemtsov was shot several times from behind . He was crossing the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge in Moscow , close to the Kremlin walls and Red Square . He died at the scene . He was murdered less than two days before he was due to take part in a peace rally against Russian involvement in the war in Ukraine and the financial crisis in Russia . The BBC reported : In his last tweet , Mr . Nemtsov sent out an appeal for Russias divided opposition to unite at an anti-war march he was planning for Sunday . The BBC also quoted him as saying : If you support stopping Russias war with Ukraine , if you support stopping Putins aggression , come to the Spring March in Maryino on 1 March . The night after Nemtsovs murder , his papers , writings and computer hard drives were confiscated in a police search of his apartment on Malaya Ordynka street . Aftermath , context and accusations . Russian journalist Ksenia Sobchak said that Nemtsov had been preparing a report proving the presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine despite its heated denial of any involvement there . Two weeks before his murder , Nemtsov had met with an old friend to discuss his latest research into what he said was dissembling and misdeeds in the Kremlin . Yevgenia Albats , editor of The New Times magazine , said that Nemtsov worked on a report which he planned to call Putin and the War , because it focused on Russias role in the Ukraine conflict . Albats commented on her fear for Nemtsovs life . Some people had accused Russian security services of responsibility for the crime . Vladimir Milov , a former deputy minister of energy and fellow opposition figure , said : There is ever less doubt that the state is behind the murder of Boris Nemtsov and stated that the objective had been to sow fear . Opposition activist Maksim Kats held Putin responsible : If he ordered it , then hes guilty as the orderer . And even if he didnt , then [ he is responsible ] as the inciter of hatred , hysteria , and anger among the people . Dmitry Peskov , a spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin , told reporters : Putin noted that this cruel murder has all the hallmarks of a contract hit and is extremely provocative . Russian opposition leader and Nemtsovs ally Ilya Yashin claimed that Chechnyas leader Ramzan Kadyrov was behind the assassination of Nemtsov , saying that Chechnya today is a quasi-Islamic state within the Russian federation that does not obey Russian rules , and whose only connection with the federal authorities is the systematic receipt of money from the federal budget . Russian society stays silent because people are afraid of Kadyrov . And he exploits this fear as an instrument to muffle critics . Zhanna Nemtsova repeatedly said she wanted Kadyrov to be questioned about what he knew about the assassination of her father . Shortly after Nemtsovs murder , Julia Ioffe , a reporter , wrote that several theories about the crime had begun to circulate . Yet we can be sure that the investigation will lead precisely nowhere , she stated . At most , some sad sap , the supposed trigger-puller , will be hauled in front of a judge , the scapegoat for someone far more powerful . More likely , the case will founder for years amid promises that everyone is working hard , and no one will be brought to justice at all . Ioffe said that the Kremlin was already muddying the waters . LifeNews , a publication tied to Russias security agencies , had suggested three possible theories , namely that the killing was revenge for forcing Duritskaya to get an abortion , or that it had something to do with money Nemtsov was receiving from allies abroad , or that it was an attempt to smear the Kremlin . A statement by the governments Investigative Committee theorized that Nemtsov was killed by someone from his own opposition movement who wanted to create a martyr and even suggested that the assassination was connected to the Charlie Hebdo killings . After Nemtsovs murder , Serge Schmemann of The New York Times paid tribute to him in an article headlined A Reformer Who Never Backed Down . Schmemann wrote : Tall , handsome , witty and irreverent , Mr . Nemtsov was one of the brilliant young men who burst onto the Russian stage at that exciting moment when Communist rule collapsed and a new era seemed imminent . Julia Ioffe of The New York Times described Nemtsov after his death as a powerful , vigorous critic of Vladimir Putin , who was a deeply intelligent , witty , kind and ubiquitous man who seemed to genuinely be everyones friend . Reactions and sanctions . Political consultant Gleb Pavlovsky opined that Russia had been overcome by a Weimar atmosphere in which there were no longer any limits . Opposition activist Leonid Volkov maintained that Russians now lived in a different political reality . United States President Barack Obama called on Russias government to launch a prompt , impartial , and transparent investigation to ensure that those responsible for this vicious killing are brought to justice . German Chancellor Angela Merkel condemned the cowardly murder . A statement by her office demanded that Putin assure himself that this assassination is elucidated and that its perpetrators are held accountable . On 6 December 2017 , the Council of the District of Columbia held a hearing to decide on symbolically renaming a section of Wisconsin Avenue as Boris Nemtsov Plaza . The Embassy of the Russian Federation fronts the section of street proposed for the designation . On 9 January 2018 , the Council unanimously approved the Boris Nemtsov Plaza Designation Act of 2017 which authorized the renaming . The section of the street was renamed . On 12 March 2019 , the U.S . House of Representatives passed a series of bills meant to hold Russian President Vladimir Putin accountable for his countrys actions , including a measure condemning the Russian leader and his government for their alleged roles in covering up the 2015 assassination of Putin political opponent Boris Nemtsov Convictions . Several suspects have been implicated in the assassination , all of whom are Chechens . The alleged shooter is a former officer in the security force of Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov , who was also accused by opposition leader Ilya Yashin of having murdered Nemtsov . Five Chechen men were prosecuted for his murder . In late June 2017 , these men were found guilty by a jury in a court at Moscow for agreeing to kill Nemtsov in exchange for 15 million rubles ( US$253,000 ) ; neither the identity nor whereabouts of the person who hired them has been publicly revealed . Memorial rallies . At a memorial rally held in Moscow on 1 March , the date on which Nemtsov had planned to lead an opposition march , mourners carried signs that read : He was fighting for a free Russia , Those shots were in each of us , He died for the future of Russia , and They were afraid of you , Boris . Several thousand people also marched in St . Petersburg . Serge Schmemann of The New York Times wrote that the Moscow rally seemed like a memorial march for the hopes and dreams that lay alongside Mr . Nemtsovs murdered body in the middle of the night on the bridge to Red Square . In August 2015 , Nemtsovs daughter Zhanna Nemtsova was the recipient of Polands Democracy Award for her fathers work . On 9 October 2015 , opposition activists in Moscow erected a monument dedicated to Nemtsov at his tomb at Troyekurovskoye Cemetery , plot 16 . The monument , unveiled on what would have been his 56th birthday , shows Nemtsovs name with five bullet holes puncturing it . In late February 2017 , a peaceful protest and commemorative plaque dedication are planned in Nizhny Novgorod , in commemoration of his ideology and the freedom of speech that led to his assassination . Honors and awards . - Medal of the Order For Merit to the Fatherland , Second class , ( 10 March 1995 ) – for service to the state associated with the completion of the first phase of the voucher privatization scheme . - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms ( Ministry of Defense ) ( 2001 ) . - Order of Holy Prince Daniel of Moscow ( ROC ) ( 1996 ) – for his contribution to nation-building . - Honorary sign of the Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Region Merit ( 26 March 2009 ) . - Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise , Fifth class , ( Ukraine ) ( 19 August 2006 ) – for a significant contribution to the development of international cooperation , strengthening the authority and positive image of Ukraine in the world , popularization of its historical and modern achievements . - Order of Liberty ( Ukraine , posthumously ) . - Jan Karski Eagle Prize ( Poland , 15 May 2015 , posthumously ) . - IRI Freedom Award ( United States , September 2015 , posthumously ) Political publications . Memoirs : - Provincial – 1997 ; - Provincial in Moscow – 1999 - Confessions of a rebel – 2007 Beginning in 2008 , Nemtsov and Vladimir Milov published several white papers criticising Putins government and proposing alternative ways of development for the country : - Putin . Results – February 2008 - Putin and Gazprom – September 2008 - Putin and the Crisis – February 2009 - Sochi and the Olympics – April 2009 - Putin . Results . 10 years – June 2010 , Putin : What 10 Years of Putin Have Brought , revised edition of the report Putin . Results of 2008 . - Putin . Corruption – March 2011 . Written by co-chairmen of the Peoples Freedom Party Nemtsov , Milov , Ryzhkov and Solidarity movement spokesman Olga Shorina . The printing of the report was funded with donations . Entitled Putin the Thief , this report stated that Putins decade in power had seen an extraordinary increase in the abuse of power and corruption . The report described Putins corruption in detail and said that it far exceeded the scale of corruption under Yeltsin . The report stated that corruption in Russia has ceased being a problem in Russia ; it has become a system that represents 25% of the countrys GNP . - In a May 2013 report , Nemtsov stated that up to $30 billion had been stolen from funds allocated for the Sochi Olympics . He accused the Putin administration of cronyism and embezzlement of funds on a level so grand it posed as a threat to Russian national security . He suggested establishing a civic committee in charge of the investigation of the crimes committed around the Olympic project . - At the time of his murder , Nemtsov was preparing for publication his next report proving the presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine ( BBC News International , 28 February 2015 ; a Russian source is quoting journalist Kseniya Sobchak on the matter ) . In May 2015 , the report has been published under the title Putin . War . The publication reported that more than 200 Russian soldiers were then operating in Ukraine . - Nemtsov , Boris . 2000 . Reform for Russia : Forging a New Domestic Policy , Harvard International Review 22 ( No . 2 ) : 16–21 . Documentary films . - 2015 – My Friend Boris Nemtsov ( , Moj drug Boris Nemtsov ) , documentary film by Zosia Rodkevich on the man and political activist Nemtsov . - 2016 – Nemtsov ( , Nemtsov ) , documentary film by Vladimir V . Kara-Murza . - 2016 – The Man Who Was Too Free ( , Slishkom svobodnyy chelovek ) , documentary film by Mikhail Fishman and Vera Krichevskaya . Further reading . - Dunlop , John B . The February 2015 Assassination of Boris Nemtsov and the Flawed Trial of his Alleged Killers . An Exploration of Russias Crime of the 21st Century ( Stuttgart : Ibidem-Verlag , 2019 ) , 197pp . External links . - Nemtsov at Solidarity - Nemtsov at LiveJournal - Reports on Putin - Interview with Boris Nemtsov on BBCs HARDtalk ( Air date 7 February 2011 ) - Seven portraits made by Lena Hades five days after the murder of Boris Nemtsov and the start of the art marathon across Russia in memory of Boris Nemtsov

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Which political party did Boris Nemtsov belong to from Dec 2008 to Jun 2012?

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Boris Nemtsov Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov ( ; 9 October 195927 February 2015 ) was a Russian physicist and liberal politician . Nemtsov was one of the most important figures in the introduction of reforms into the Russian post-Soviet economy . He had a successful political career in the 1990s under President Boris Yeltsin . From 2000 until his death , he was an outspoken critic of Vladimir Putin . Nemtsov was assassinated on 27 February 2015 , beside his Ukrainian partner Anna Durytska , on a bridge near the Kremlin in Moscow , with four shots fired from the back . In the weeks before his death , Nemtsov expressed fear that Putin would have him killed . In late June 2017 , five Chechnya-born men were found guilty by a jury in a Moscow court for agreeing to kill Nemtsov in exchange for 15 million rubles ( US$253,000 ) ; neither the identity nor whereabouts of the person who hired them is officially known . Nemtsov criticized Putins government as an increasingly authoritarian , undemocratic regime , highlighting widespread embezzlement and profiteering ahead of the Sochi Olympics , and Russian political interference and military involvement in Ukraine . After 2008 , Nemtsov published in-depth reports detailing the corruption under Putin , which he connected directly with the President . As part of the same political struggle , Nemtsov was an active organizer of and participant in Dissenters Marches , Strategy-31 civil actions and rallies For Fair Elections . At the time of the assassination , Nemtsov was in Moscow helping to organize a rally against the Russian military intervention in Ukraine and the Russian financial crisis . At the same time , Nemtsov was working on a report demonstrating that Russian troops were fighting alongside pro-Russian rebels in eastern Ukraine , which the Kremlin had been denying , and was unpopular externally but also in Russia . Nemtsov was the first governor of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ( 1991–97 ) . Later he worked in the government of Russia as Minister of Fuel and Energy ( 1997 ) , Vice Premier of Russia and Security Council member from 1997 to 1998 . In 1998 , he founded the Young Russia movement . In 1998 , he co-founded the coalition group Right Cause and in 1999 , he co-formed Union of Right Forces , an electoral bloc and subsequently a political party . Nemtsov was also a member of the Congress of Peoples Deputies ( 1990 ) , Federation Council ( 1993–97 ) and State Duma ( 1999–2003 ) . He also served as Vice Speaker of the State Duma and the leader of parliamentary group Union of Right Forces . After a 2008 split in the Union of Right Forces , he co-founded Solidarnost . In 2010 , he co-formed the coalition For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption , which was refused registration as a party . Beginning in 2012 , Nemtsov was co-chair of the Republican Party of Russia – Peoples Freedom Party ( RPR-PARNAS ) , a registered political party . At the time of his death , Nemtsov was one of the leaders of the Solidarnost ( Solidarity ) opposition movement , an elected member of the regional parliament of Yaroslavl Oblast , and co-chair of the RPR-PARNAS , which is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats , a Pan-European political party . After Nemtsovs murder , Serge Schmemann of The New York Times paid tribute to him in an article headlined A Reformer Who Never Backed Down . Schmemann wrote : Tall , handsome , witty and irreverent , Mr . Nemtsov was one of the brilliant young men who burst onto the Russian stage at that exciting moment when Communist rule collapsed and a new era seemed imminent . Julia Ioffe of The New York Times described Nemtsov after his death as a powerful , vigorous critic of Vladimir Putin , who was a deeply intelligent , witty , kind and ubiquitous man who seemed to genuinely be everyones friend . Early life . Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov was born in Sochi in 1959 to Yefim Davidovich Nemtsov and Dina Yakovlevna Eidman . His mother , a physician , is Jewish . His parents divorced when he was five years old . In his autobiography , Nemtsov recounts that his Russian Orthodox paternal grandmother had him baptized as an infant , and that he became a practicing Orthodox Christian . He found out about his baptism many years later . Studies and academic career . From 1976 to 1981 , Nemtsov studied physics at N . I . Lobachevsky State University in the city of Gorky , receiving a degree in 1981 . Aged 25 in 1985 , he defended his dissertation for a PhD in Physics and Mathematics from the State University of Gorky . Until 1990 , he worked as a research fellow at the Radiophysical Research Institute , and produced more than 60 academic publications related to quantum physics , thermodynamics and acoustics . He proposed a theoretical model for an acoustic laser and a novel design of antennas for space probes . Political career , 1986–2004 . In the wake of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 , Nemtsov organized a protest movement in his hometown which effectively prevented construction of a nuclear-fired boiler plant in the region . In 1989 , Nemtsov unsuccessfully ran for the Soviet Congress of Peoples Deputies on a reform platform which for the time was quite radical , promoting ideas such as multiparty democracy and private enterprise . In Russias first free elections of 1990 , he ran for the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic representing Gorky , later renamed Nizhny Novgorod . Nemtsov was elected , the only non-communist candidate . He defeated twelve others . Once in Parliament he joined the Reform Coalition and Centre-Left political groups . In the Russian parliament , Nemtsov was on the legislative committee , working on agricultural reform and the liberalization of foreign trade . In this position he met Boris Yeltsin , who was impressed with his work . During the October 1991 attack on the government by Yeltsin opponents , Nemtsov vehemently supported the president and stood by him during the entire clash . After those events , Yeltsin rewarded Nemtsovs loyalty with the position of presidential representative in his home region of Nizhny Novgorod . In November 1991 , Yeltsin appointed him Governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region . He was re-elected to that position by popular vote in December 1995 . His tenure was marked by a wide-ranging , chaotic free market reform program nicknamed Laboratory of Reform for Nizhny Novgorod and resulted in significant economic growth for the region . Nemtsovs reforms won praise from former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher , who visited Nizhny Novgorod in 1993 . From the very outset of Nemtsovs tenure as governor , according to Serge Schmemann , Nemtsov embarked on a whirlwind campaign to transform the region , drawing enthusiastic support from a host of Western agencies . Although the province was closed to foreigners for years and there wasnt even enough paper money for the privatization program , he was optimistic about Moscows future and consequently pushed ahead on his own , even issuing his own money—chits , to be eventually exchanged for rubles that came to be known as Nemtsovki . Nemtsov very openly looked to the West as a model for Russias future . Schmemann noted that Nemtsov adopted the westernized title Governor rather than the Russian Head of Administration . After Nemtsovs death , Leonid Bershidsky recalled meeting him in 1992 during his tenure as governor . A brilliant young physicist , recounted Bershidsky , he was trying to practice liberal economics in a gloomy Soviet-era industrial city that had long been off-limits to foreigners . Bershidsky described his eloquence and demeanor as that of a Hollywood movie politician transplanted into the Russian hinterland . In December 1993 , Nemtsov was elected to the Federation Council , the upper house of the Russian Parliament . During the election campaign he was backed by Russias Choice and Yabloko , which were then the principal liberal parties in the country . In 1996 , Nemtsov brought Yeltsin a petition with one million signatures against the first war in Chechnya , which he had signed himself . In March 1997 , Nemtsov was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation , with special responsibility for reform of the energy sector . He was tasked with restructuring the monopolies and reforming the housing and social sectors . He became widely popular with the public and appeared favoured to become President of Russia in 2000 . Boris Yeltsin introduced him to Bill Clinton as his chosen successor . In the summer of 1997 , opinion polls gave Nemtsov over 50% support as a potential presidential candidate . His political career , however , suffered a blow in August 1998 following the crash of the Russian stock-market and the ensuing economic crisis . Nemtsov had worked in Moscows White House for only a year and a half , although he stated he had some success . He ended the corrupt act of stashing budget funds in commercial banks . He also managed to introduce an anti-corruption law for all state purchases in the government . He also helped to end the illegal export of raw materials and made oil sales more transparent . And , most importantly , while I was the minister responsible for fuel and energy , oil was at barely 10 US dollars per barrel , and still we managed to save Russia . Things were difficult , what with social unrest , strikes , the war in Chechnya , the default , and still – let me repeat – we did save Russia . As part of Chubais economic team , Nemtsov was forced to resign his position of Deputy Prime Minister . After the dismissal of Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin in 1998 , Nemtsov was reappointed Deputy Prime Minister , but resigned shortly afterwards when Yeltsin dissolved the government . According to The Economist , Nemtsov , unlike many other top government figures , emerged from the troubled 1990s with his reputation intact . As early as 1998 , Nemtsov had a personal web site on RuNet . Nemtsov.ru sought to provide information to its users that was not available elsewhere and also was one of the first attempts by a politician to establish two-way communication with an audience . In August 1999 , Nemtsov became one of the co-founders of the Union of Right Forces , a then new liberal-democratic coalition which received nearly 6 million votes , or 8.6% of the vote , in the parliamentary elections in December 1999 . Nemtsov himself was elected to the State Duma , or lower house of Parliament , and became its Deputy Speaker in February 2000 . In May 2000 , Sergei Kiriyenko resigned and Nemtsov was elected leader of the party and its parliamentary group . Over 70% of delegates at the Union of Rightist Forces congress in May 2001 confirmed him as party leader . According to Nemtsov , the Union always consisted of two factions , a Nemtsov faction and a Chubais faction , with the former based on principles and ideology whereas the Chubais faction was pragmatic , existing by the rules of realpolitik . In 2002 , his name appeared on a list of several individuals the hostage-takers during the Moscow theater hostage crisis were willing to speak to directly . Nemtsov did not take part in the negotiations and later said that Putin had ordered him not to go . Between 2000 and 2003 , Nemtsov was in a difficult political position – while he vehemently believed President Vladimir Putins policies were rolling back democracy and civic freedoms in Russia , he needed to collaborate with the powerful co-chairman of the Union of Rightist Forces , Anatoly Chubais , who favoured a conciliatory line towards the Kremlin . In the parliamentary elections of December 2003 , the Union of Rightist Forces platform headed by both Nemtsov and Chubais received just 2.4 million votes , 4% of the total , and thus fell short of the 5% threshold necessary to enter Parliament and as a result lost its seats . In January 2004 , Nemtsov resigned from the party leadership . He became Chairman of the Council of Directors of Neftianoi , an oil company , and also a political advisor to Ukrainian president Viktor Yuschenko . Later career , 2004–2015 . In January 2004 , Nemtsov co-authored with his longtime adviser and party colleague Vladimir V . Kara-Murza an article in Nezavisimaya Gazeta entitled Appeal to the Putinist Majority , in which he warned of the danger of an impending Putin dictatorship . Later the same month , he co-founded Committee 2008 , an umbrella group of the Russian opposition which also included Garry Kasparov , Vladimir Bukovsky and other prominent liberals . In February 2004 , Nemtsov was appointed as a director of the Neftyanoi Bank , and as Chairman of Neftyanoi Concern , an oil firm and the banks parent company . In December 2005 , however , prosecutors announced an investigation of the bank following allegations of money laundering and fraud . Nemtsov subsequently stepped down from both his positions , saying that he wanted to minimize political fallout for the bank from his continuing involvement in Russian politics . Nemtsov also alleged that his bank perhaps was targeted because of his friendship and support of former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov , who had stated his intention to run for president in 2008 . During the 2004 Ukrainian presidential elections , Nemtsov came out as a strong supporter of the eventual winner Viktor Yushchenko , while the Russian government backed his opponent , Viktor Yanukovych . Shortly after the Orange Revolution , as the elections and series of protests in Ukraine came to be called , Yushchenko appointed Nemtsov as an economic adviser . Nemtsovs main goal was to improve business ties between Ukraine and Russia , damaged after the Putin government strongly supported Yushchenkos opponent in the presidential election . Yushchenkos selection of Nemtsov was controversial owing to Nemtsovs vocal criticism of Putin . The relationship between Nemtsov and the Ukrainian government became unstable in the middle of 2005 following accusations that Nemtsov had criticized Ukrainian cabinet decisions , and a group of legislators called for Yushchenko to fire Nemtsov . Despite the criticism , he remained as an economic adviser to Yushchenko until October 2006 , when the office of the Ukrainian president announced that Nemtsov had been relieved of his duties as a free lance presidential adviser . Nemtsov was briefly a candidate for the presidency of Russia in the 2008 election . On 26 December 2007 , Nemtsov withdrew his candidacy for the 2008 election , saying that he did not want to draw votes away from the other candidate of the democratic opposition , Mikhail Kasyanov . Nemtsov also had declared that he would no longer run , in part , due to his belief that the government had predetermined the elections winner . On 13 December 2008 , Nemtsov and Garry Kasparov co-founded the political opposition movement Solidarnost ( Solidarity ) . The organization hoped to unite the opposition forces in Russia . Nemtsov said in February 2011 that Solidarity had done everything it could to resolve conflicts within the opposition and that those who are trying to create a rift among the opposition , whether consciously or unconsciously , are helping Putin stay in power . At a Solidarnost meeting on 12 March 2009 , Nemtsov announced that he would run for mayor of Sochi in the citys 26 April election . As a Sochi native , he had criticized plans to hold the 2014 Winter Olympics in the town . He believed it was this criticism which led Nashi members to attack him with ammonium chloride on 23 March 2009 . In a March 2010 interview , Nemtsov criticized the decision to hold a Winter Olympics in Sochi , saying that Putin had found one of the only places in Russia where there is no snow in the winter . .. . Sochi is subtropical . There is no tradition of skating or hockey there . In Sochi , we prefer football , and volleyball , and swimming . Other parts of Russia need ice palaces—we dont . The construction at the Olympics site was disastrous for the local economy , he added , saying that about 5,000 citizens had been removed from their homes to build Olympic facilities . He also added that thanks to the corruption and incompetence of authorities , [ these people have ] not yet been adequately compensated for their property or been given equivalent housing elsewhere , as they were promised . Billions of dollars have simply disappeared . On 27 April 2009 , it was announced that the acting Sochi mayor and United Russia candidate Anatoly Pakhomov had won the election with 77% of the vote . Nemtsov , who came second with around 14% of the vote , contested the fairness of the election , alleging that he was denied media access and that government workers had been pressured to vote for Pakhomov . Nemtsov was among the 34 original signatories of the online anti-Putin manifesto Putin must go , published on 10 March 2010 . Six months later , in September 2010 , together with Vladimir Ryzhkov , Mikhail Kasyanov and Vladimir Milov , Nemtsov formed the For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption party , which , three months later was transformed into the Peoples Freedom Party . In May 2011 , the party submitted an application for registration to the Ministry of Justice , but one month later it was denied . In response to the question Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov and others , what do they really want ? in a live television broadcast on 16 December 2010 , Putin stated that during the 1990s they dragged a lot of billions along with Berezovsky and those who are now in prison.. . They have been pulled away from the manger , they had been spending heavily , and now they want to go back and fill their pockets . In January 2011 , Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov brought suit over Putins statement before the Moscow City Court , but the following month the suit was dismissed . According to the judge , Tatiana Adamova , the names of Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov were used merely as common names to refer to a certain class of politicians . In a May 2013 report , Nemtsov stated that up to $30 billion had been stolen from funds allocated for the Sochi Olympics . He accused the Putin administration of cronyism and embezzlement of funds on a level so grand it posed a threat to Russian national security . He suggested establishing a civic committee in charge of the investigation of the crimes committed around the Olympic project . Arrests in 2007 , 2010 , and 2011 . Nemtsov was arrested on 25 November 2007 during an unauthorized protest against President Putin near the State Hermitage Museum . Nemtsov and other opposition figures had complained of official harassment , and the police force had been used a number of times to break up what was then known as Dissenters Marches . Nemtsov was released later that day . On 31 December 2010 , he was arrested with other opposition leaders during a rally against government restrictions on public protests . He was sentenced on 2 January 2011 to 15 days in jail . The arrests were condemned by US Senators John McCain and Joe Lieberman , and by Amnesty International , which described him as a prisoner of conscience . The Economist called his arrest a new low in the governance of Russia . The mistreatment of him seems pointlessly malevolent . .. . He poses no threat to the government . The rally was authorized and he was on his way home when the police stopped him . He was charged with disobeying the police and swearing , despite video-footage that showed him asking the police to calm down . A judge would not admit this as evidence . The court disregarded witness statements supporting him and would not let him appeal against his conviction . In a February 2011 interview , Nemtsov recalled that the cell in which he was imprisoned was a stone dungeon , about one and a half by three metres , veiled in semi-darkness so it was impossible to read . There was no bed , no pillows or mattresses , just the floor . He stated that his glasses , belt , and shoelaces were confiscated and he was given substandard living quarters . He attributed the decision to detain him to Vladislav Surkov , Deputy Chief of the Russian Presidents Administration and called it a political decision . Nemtsov filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights , which accepted it and agreed to handle the case through its new urgent procedure . During the 6 December 2011 protests in Moscow , Nemtsov was arrested with at least one hundred other demonstrators . Political views . After his dismissal from the government , Nemtsov became an important actor in the political discourse and eventually in the opposition to Putins government . Nemtsovs political beliefs have caused some to characterize him as a new liberal . In February 2011 , Nemtsov said : Everyone is unhappy with Putin , save perhaps his closest friends . He noted that for three consecutive years capital has been flowing out of the country , with some 40 billion dollars being taken out of the country in 2010 alone . As a result , even within his party of corrupt thieves there are not so many people willing to follow him until the very end . Nemtsov said : [ Putin had ] used the Moscow theatre siege to impose a regime of total censorship on TV ; he went on to destroy NTV , and then TV6 . He used the nightmare of Beslan to remove democratic elections of regional governors . In short , he drowned everyone apart from the terrorists . Nemtsov also stated : There is a myth spreading about how , in the 1990s , we democrats were pals with oligarchs while Putin was fighting them . It was exactly the other way around . We did not let Berezovsky get a foothold in [ the worlds largest natural gas company ] Gazprom , we did not allow him to take over the Svyazinvest company [ Russias largest telecom holding ] . Yet Putin used to go to his birthday parties and bring flowers to his wife . It was Berezovsky who lobbied for Putin to become president and then financed his campaign . Nemtsov told Newsweek in September 2011 that Putins decision to run for president again was predictable , but we were shocked by the hypocrisy and cynicism of the announcement : he declared he was coming back long before the elections . Putin and Medvedev did not even bother to share their decision to swap their chairs with the United Russia party before the congress . Russians had no choice but face his final decision ; his usurpation of political power is sickly humiliating . Nemtsov said that all of his friends in big business planned to take their capital out of Russia , while some prefer to emigrate . In a March 2012 op-ed for The Wall Street Journal , Nemtsov and Garry Kasparov expressed support for the repeal of the Jackson-Vanik amendment that impedes American trade relations with Russia . Nemtsov and Kasparov stated that at opposition meetings following the fraudulent March 4 election , they and their associates publicly resolved that Mr . Putin is not the legitimate leader of Russia . They explained that they wanted the U.S . and other leading nations of the Free World [ to ] cease to provide democratic credentials to Mr . Putin , and asked that the U.S . replace Jackson-Vanik with the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act and thus improve relations between the United States and the people of Russia all while refusing aid to the Putin regime . In December 2013 , Nemtsov said on behalf of his party : We support Ukraines course toward European integration [ ... ] By supporting Ukraine , we also support ourselves . Nemtsov condemned the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in eastern Ukraine : My condolences to the families of the victims . The bastards , who did this , must be destroyed . The separatists the other day bragged they had the Buk missiles , with which they wanted to take down an AN-26 . If those are them , they must get no mercy . Nemtsov was among the few Russian statesmen to vocally criticize the annexation of Crimea by Russia . Nemtsov stated that he viewed Crimea as an integral part of Ukraine , that he considered its annexation by the Russian Federation to be illegal , and that the people of Crimea and not Russian legislators should decide which country they want to live in . In an op-ed published on 1 September 2014 in the Kyiv Post , Nemtsov lamented the fratricidal war between Russia and Ukraine . This is not our war , this is not your war , this is not the war of 20-year-old paratroopers sent out there . This is Vladimir Putins war . He accused Putin of trying to dissect Ukraine and create in the east of the country a puppet state , Novorossiya , that is fully economically and politically controlled by the Kremlin . Meanwhile , wrote Nemtsov , Russia itself is sinking into lies , violence , obscurantism and imperial hysteria . He stated that he sometimes thinks Putin is insane , but at other times he recognizes that Putin is driven by one goal : the preservation of personal power and money at any cost . Ukraine had overthrown a thieving president , and Putin needed to punish it to make sure that no Russian would get these thoughts . Ukraine chose the European way , which implies the rule of law , democracy and change of power . Ukraines success on this way is a direct threat to Putins power because he chose the opposite course – a lifetime in power , filled with arbitrariness and corruption . He criticized Putin in 2014 : I cannot understand what Putin expects when he arms 20,000 Kadyrovites . Putin diligently finances Chechnya by sending there trains loaded with money . The republic receives a minimum of 60 billion rubles a year in grants . Only Allah knows how much money is being siphoned off through different programs , such as Northern Caucasus Resorts . In April 2014 , in an interview with journalists Boris Nemtsov called Putin a mental patient . This statement was used as the basis for initiation of criminal proceeding against Nemtsov but , eventually , the case was requalified to administrative offence . Assassination . Nemtsovs fears . Less than three weeks before his murder , on 10 February , Nemtsov had written on Russias Sobesednik news website that his 87-year-old mother was afraid Putin would kill him . He added that his mother is also afraid for former oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky and anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny . When asked if he himself was afraid for his life , Nemtsov answered : Yes , not as strongly as my mother , but still.. . In an extended version of the interview , Nemtsov reportedly added : I am just joking . If I were afraid of Putin , I wouldnt be in this line of work . Two weeks prior to his assassination , Nemtsov had met with an old friend , Yevgenia Albats , editor of The New Times magazine , to discuss his research into Putins role in the Ukraine conflict . Albats said that Nemtsov was afraid of being killed , adding : And he was trying to convince himself , and me , they wouldnt touch him because he was a [ former ] member of the Russian government , a vice premier , and they wouldnt want to create a precedent . Because as he said , one time the power will change hands in Russia again , and those who served Putin wouldnt want to create this precedent . Assassination of Nemtsov ( 27 February 2015 ) . Just before midnight , at 23:31 local time on 27 February 2015 , Nemtsov was shot several times from behind . He was crossing the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge in Moscow , close to the Kremlin walls and Red Square . He died at the scene . He was murdered less than two days before he was due to take part in a peace rally against Russian involvement in the war in Ukraine and the financial crisis in Russia . The BBC reported : In his last tweet , Mr . Nemtsov sent out an appeal for Russias divided opposition to unite at an anti-war march he was planning for Sunday . The BBC also quoted him as saying : If you support stopping Russias war with Ukraine , if you support stopping Putins aggression , come to the Spring March in Maryino on 1 March . The night after Nemtsovs murder , his papers , writings and computer hard drives were confiscated in a police search of his apartment on Malaya Ordynka street . Aftermath , context and accusations . Russian journalist Ksenia Sobchak said that Nemtsov had been preparing a report proving the presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine despite its heated denial of any involvement there . Two weeks before his murder , Nemtsov had met with an old friend to discuss his latest research into what he said was dissembling and misdeeds in the Kremlin . Yevgenia Albats , editor of The New Times magazine , said that Nemtsov worked on a report which he planned to call Putin and the War , because it focused on Russias role in the Ukraine conflict . Albats commented on her fear for Nemtsovs life . Some people had accused Russian security services of responsibility for the crime . Vladimir Milov , a former deputy minister of energy and fellow opposition figure , said : There is ever less doubt that the state is behind the murder of Boris Nemtsov and stated that the objective had been to sow fear . Opposition activist Maksim Kats held Putin responsible : If he ordered it , then hes guilty as the orderer . And even if he didnt , then [ he is responsible ] as the inciter of hatred , hysteria , and anger among the people . Dmitry Peskov , a spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin , told reporters : Putin noted that this cruel murder has all the hallmarks of a contract hit and is extremely provocative . Russian opposition leader and Nemtsovs ally Ilya Yashin claimed that Chechnyas leader Ramzan Kadyrov was behind the assassination of Nemtsov , saying that Chechnya today is a quasi-Islamic state within the Russian federation that does not obey Russian rules , and whose only connection with the federal authorities is the systematic receipt of money from the federal budget . Russian society stays silent because people are afraid of Kadyrov . And he exploits this fear as an instrument to muffle critics . Zhanna Nemtsova repeatedly said she wanted Kadyrov to be questioned about what he knew about the assassination of her father . Shortly after Nemtsovs murder , Julia Ioffe , a reporter , wrote that several theories about the crime had begun to circulate . Yet we can be sure that the investigation will lead precisely nowhere , she stated . At most , some sad sap , the supposed trigger-puller , will be hauled in front of a judge , the scapegoat for someone far more powerful . More likely , the case will founder for years amid promises that everyone is working hard , and no one will be brought to justice at all . Ioffe said that the Kremlin was already muddying the waters . LifeNews , a publication tied to Russias security agencies , had suggested three possible theories , namely that the killing was revenge for forcing Duritskaya to get an abortion , or that it had something to do with money Nemtsov was receiving from allies abroad , or that it was an attempt to smear the Kremlin . A statement by the governments Investigative Committee theorized that Nemtsov was killed by someone from his own opposition movement who wanted to create a martyr and even suggested that the assassination was connected to the Charlie Hebdo killings . After Nemtsovs murder , Serge Schmemann of The New York Times paid tribute to him in an article headlined A Reformer Who Never Backed Down . Schmemann wrote : Tall , handsome , witty and irreverent , Mr . Nemtsov was one of the brilliant young men who burst onto the Russian stage at that exciting moment when Communist rule collapsed and a new era seemed imminent . Julia Ioffe of The New York Times described Nemtsov after his death as a powerful , vigorous critic of Vladimir Putin , who was a deeply intelligent , witty , kind and ubiquitous man who seemed to genuinely be everyones friend . Reactions and sanctions . Political consultant Gleb Pavlovsky opined that Russia had been overcome by a Weimar atmosphere in which there were no longer any limits . Opposition activist Leonid Volkov maintained that Russians now lived in a different political reality . United States President Barack Obama called on Russias government to launch a prompt , impartial , and transparent investigation to ensure that those responsible for this vicious killing are brought to justice . German Chancellor Angela Merkel condemned the cowardly murder . A statement by her office demanded that Putin assure himself that this assassination is elucidated and that its perpetrators are held accountable . On 6 December 2017 , the Council of the District of Columbia held a hearing to decide on symbolically renaming a section of Wisconsin Avenue as Boris Nemtsov Plaza . The Embassy of the Russian Federation fronts the section of street proposed for the designation . On 9 January 2018 , the Council unanimously approved the Boris Nemtsov Plaza Designation Act of 2017 which authorized the renaming . The section of the street was renamed . On 12 March 2019 , the U.S . House of Representatives passed a series of bills meant to hold Russian President Vladimir Putin accountable for his countrys actions , including a measure condemning the Russian leader and his government for their alleged roles in covering up the 2015 assassination of Putin political opponent Boris Nemtsov Convictions . Several suspects have been implicated in the assassination , all of whom are Chechens . The alleged shooter is a former officer in the security force of Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov , who was also accused by opposition leader Ilya Yashin of having murdered Nemtsov . Five Chechen men were prosecuted for his murder . In late June 2017 , these men were found guilty by a jury in a court at Moscow for agreeing to kill Nemtsov in exchange for 15 million rubles ( US$253,000 ) ; neither the identity nor whereabouts of the person who hired them has been publicly revealed . Memorial rallies . At a memorial rally held in Moscow on 1 March , the date on which Nemtsov had planned to lead an opposition march , mourners carried signs that read : He was fighting for a free Russia , Those shots were in each of us , He died for the future of Russia , and They were afraid of you , Boris . Several thousand people also marched in St . Petersburg . Serge Schmemann of The New York Times wrote that the Moscow rally seemed like a memorial march for the hopes and dreams that lay alongside Mr . Nemtsovs murdered body in the middle of the night on the bridge to Red Square . In August 2015 , Nemtsovs daughter Zhanna Nemtsova was the recipient of Polands Democracy Award for her fathers work . On 9 October 2015 , opposition activists in Moscow erected a monument dedicated to Nemtsov at his tomb at Troyekurovskoye Cemetery , plot 16 . The monument , unveiled on what would have been his 56th birthday , shows Nemtsovs name with five bullet holes puncturing it . In late February 2017 , a peaceful protest and commemorative plaque dedication are planned in Nizhny Novgorod , in commemoration of his ideology and the freedom of speech that led to his assassination . Honors and awards . - Medal of the Order For Merit to the Fatherland , Second class , ( 10 March 1995 ) – for service to the state associated with the completion of the first phase of the voucher privatization scheme . - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms ( Ministry of Defense ) ( 2001 ) . - Order of Holy Prince Daniel of Moscow ( ROC ) ( 1996 ) – for his contribution to nation-building . - Honorary sign of the Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Region Merit ( 26 March 2009 ) . - Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise , Fifth class , ( Ukraine ) ( 19 August 2006 ) – for a significant contribution to the development of international cooperation , strengthening the authority and positive image of Ukraine in the world , popularization of its historical and modern achievements . - Order of Liberty ( Ukraine , posthumously ) . - Jan Karski Eagle Prize ( Poland , 15 May 2015 , posthumously ) . - IRI Freedom Award ( United States , September 2015 , posthumously ) Political publications . Memoirs : - Provincial – 1997 ; - Provincial in Moscow – 1999 - Confessions of a rebel – 2007 Beginning in 2008 , Nemtsov and Vladimir Milov published several white papers criticising Putins government and proposing alternative ways of development for the country : - Putin . Results – February 2008 - Putin and Gazprom – September 2008 - Putin and the Crisis – February 2009 - Sochi and the Olympics – April 2009 - Putin . Results . 10 years – June 2010 , Putin : What 10 Years of Putin Have Brought , revised edition of the report Putin . Results of 2008 . - Putin . Corruption – March 2011 . Written by co-chairmen of the Peoples Freedom Party Nemtsov , Milov , Ryzhkov and Solidarity movement spokesman Olga Shorina . The printing of the report was funded with donations . Entitled Putin the Thief , this report stated that Putins decade in power had seen an extraordinary increase in the abuse of power and corruption . The report described Putins corruption in detail and said that it far exceeded the scale of corruption under Yeltsin . The report stated that corruption in Russia has ceased being a problem in Russia ; it has become a system that represents 25% of the countrys GNP . - In a May 2013 report , Nemtsov stated that up to $30 billion had been stolen from funds allocated for the Sochi Olympics . He accused the Putin administration of cronyism and embezzlement of funds on a level so grand it posed as a threat to Russian national security . He suggested establishing a civic committee in charge of the investigation of the crimes committed around the Olympic project . - At the time of his murder , Nemtsov was preparing for publication his next report proving the presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine ( BBC News International , 28 February 2015 ; a Russian source is quoting journalist Kseniya Sobchak on the matter ) . In May 2015 , the report has been published under the title Putin . War . The publication reported that more than 200 Russian soldiers were then operating in Ukraine . - Nemtsov , Boris . 2000 . Reform for Russia : Forging a New Domestic Policy , Harvard International Review 22 ( No . 2 ) : 16–21 . Documentary films . - 2015 – My Friend Boris Nemtsov ( , Moj drug Boris Nemtsov ) , documentary film by Zosia Rodkevich on the man and political activist Nemtsov . - 2016 – Nemtsov ( , Nemtsov ) , documentary film by Vladimir V . Kara-Murza . - 2016 – The Man Who Was Too Free ( , Slishkom svobodnyy chelovek ) , documentary film by Mikhail Fishman and Vera Krichevskaya . Further reading . - Dunlop , John B . The February 2015 Assassination of Boris Nemtsov and the Flawed Trial of his Alleged Killers . An Exploration of Russias Crime of the 21st Century ( Stuttgart : Ibidem-Verlag , 2019 ) , 197pp . External links . - Nemtsov at Solidarity - Nemtsov at LiveJournal - Reports on Putin - Interview with Boris Nemtsov on BBCs HARDtalk ( Air date 7 February 2011 ) - Seven portraits made by Lena Hades five days after the murder of Boris Nemtsov and the start of the art marathon across Russia in memory of Boris Nemtsov

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Which party was Boris Nemtsov a member of from Jun 2012 to Jun 2013?

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Boris Nemtsov Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov ( ; 9 October 195927 February 2015 ) was a Russian physicist and liberal politician . Nemtsov was one of the most important figures in the introduction of reforms into the Russian post-Soviet economy . He had a successful political career in the 1990s under President Boris Yeltsin . From 2000 until his death , he was an outspoken critic of Vladimir Putin . Nemtsov was assassinated on 27 February 2015 , beside his Ukrainian partner Anna Durytska , on a bridge near the Kremlin in Moscow , with four shots fired from the back . In the weeks before his death , Nemtsov expressed fear that Putin would have him killed . In late June 2017 , five Chechnya-born men were found guilty by a jury in a Moscow court for agreeing to kill Nemtsov in exchange for 15 million rubles ( US$253,000 ) ; neither the identity nor whereabouts of the person who hired them is officially known . Nemtsov criticized Putins government as an increasingly authoritarian , undemocratic regime , highlighting widespread embezzlement and profiteering ahead of the Sochi Olympics , and Russian political interference and military involvement in Ukraine . After 2008 , Nemtsov published in-depth reports detailing the corruption under Putin , which he connected directly with the President . As part of the same political struggle , Nemtsov was an active organizer of and participant in Dissenters Marches , Strategy-31 civil actions and rallies For Fair Elections . At the time of the assassination , Nemtsov was in Moscow helping to organize a rally against the Russian military intervention in Ukraine and the Russian financial crisis . At the same time , Nemtsov was working on a report demonstrating that Russian troops were fighting alongside pro-Russian rebels in eastern Ukraine , which the Kremlin had been denying , and was unpopular externally but also in Russia . Nemtsov was the first governor of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ( 1991–97 ) . Later he worked in the government of Russia as Minister of Fuel and Energy ( 1997 ) , Vice Premier of Russia and Security Council member from 1997 to 1998 . In 1998 , he founded the Young Russia movement . In 1998 , he co-founded the coalition group Right Cause and in 1999 , he co-formed Union of Right Forces , an electoral bloc and subsequently a political party . Nemtsov was also a member of the Congress of Peoples Deputies ( 1990 ) , Federation Council ( 1993–97 ) and State Duma ( 1999–2003 ) . He also served as Vice Speaker of the State Duma and the leader of parliamentary group Union of Right Forces . After a 2008 split in the Union of Right Forces , he co-founded Solidarnost . In 2010 , he co-formed the coalition For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption , which was refused registration as a party . Beginning in 2012 , Nemtsov was co-chair of the Republican Party of Russia – Peoples Freedom Party ( RPR-PARNAS ) , a registered political party . At the time of his death , Nemtsov was one of the leaders of the Solidarnost ( Solidarity ) opposition movement , an elected member of the regional parliament of Yaroslavl Oblast , and co-chair of the RPR-PARNAS , which is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats , a Pan-European political party . After Nemtsovs murder , Serge Schmemann of The New York Times paid tribute to him in an article headlined A Reformer Who Never Backed Down . Schmemann wrote : Tall , handsome , witty and irreverent , Mr . Nemtsov was one of the brilliant young men who burst onto the Russian stage at that exciting moment when Communist rule collapsed and a new era seemed imminent . Julia Ioffe of The New York Times described Nemtsov after his death as a powerful , vigorous critic of Vladimir Putin , who was a deeply intelligent , witty , kind and ubiquitous man who seemed to genuinely be everyones friend . Early life . Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov was born in Sochi in 1959 to Yefim Davidovich Nemtsov and Dina Yakovlevna Eidman . His mother , a physician , is Jewish . His parents divorced when he was five years old . In his autobiography , Nemtsov recounts that his Russian Orthodox paternal grandmother had him baptized as an infant , and that he became a practicing Orthodox Christian . He found out about his baptism many years later . Studies and academic career . From 1976 to 1981 , Nemtsov studied physics at N . I . Lobachevsky State University in the city of Gorky , receiving a degree in 1981 . Aged 25 in 1985 , he defended his dissertation for a PhD in Physics and Mathematics from the State University of Gorky . Until 1990 , he worked as a research fellow at the Radiophysical Research Institute , and produced more than 60 academic publications related to quantum physics , thermodynamics and acoustics . He proposed a theoretical model for an acoustic laser and a novel design of antennas for space probes . Political career , 1986–2004 . In the wake of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 , Nemtsov organized a protest movement in his hometown which effectively prevented construction of a nuclear-fired boiler plant in the region . In 1989 , Nemtsov unsuccessfully ran for the Soviet Congress of Peoples Deputies on a reform platform which for the time was quite radical , promoting ideas such as multiparty democracy and private enterprise . In Russias first free elections of 1990 , he ran for the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic representing Gorky , later renamed Nizhny Novgorod . Nemtsov was elected , the only non-communist candidate . He defeated twelve others . Once in Parliament he joined the Reform Coalition and Centre-Left political groups . In the Russian parliament , Nemtsov was on the legislative committee , working on agricultural reform and the liberalization of foreign trade . In this position he met Boris Yeltsin , who was impressed with his work . During the October 1991 attack on the government by Yeltsin opponents , Nemtsov vehemently supported the president and stood by him during the entire clash . After those events , Yeltsin rewarded Nemtsovs loyalty with the position of presidential representative in his home region of Nizhny Novgorod . In November 1991 , Yeltsin appointed him Governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region . He was re-elected to that position by popular vote in December 1995 . His tenure was marked by a wide-ranging , chaotic free market reform program nicknamed Laboratory of Reform for Nizhny Novgorod and resulted in significant economic growth for the region . Nemtsovs reforms won praise from former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher , who visited Nizhny Novgorod in 1993 . From the very outset of Nemtsovs tenure as governor , according to Serge Schmemann , Nemtsov embarked on a whirlwind campaign to transform the region , drawing enthusiastic support from a host of Western agencies . Although the province was closed to foreigners for years and there wasnt even enough paper money for the privatization program , he was optimistic about Moscows future and consequently pushed ahead on his own , even issuing his own money—chits , to be eventually exchanged for rubles that came to be known as Nemtsovki . Nemtsov very openly looked to the West as a model for Russias future . Schmemann noted that Nemtsov adopted the westernized title Governor rather than the Russian Head of Administration . After Nemtsovs death , Leonid Bershidsky recalled meeting him in 1992 during his tenure as governor . A brilliant young physicist , recounted Bershidsky , he was trying to practice liberal economics in a gloomy Soviet-era industrial city that had long been off-limits to foreigners . Bershidsky described his eloquence and demeanor as that of a Hollywood movie politician transplanted into the Russian hinterland . In December 1993 , Nemtsov was elected to the Federation Council , the upper house of the Russian Parliament . During the election campaign he was backed by Russias Choice and Yabloko , which were then the principal liberal parties in the country . In 1996 , Nemtsov brought Yeltsin a petition with one million signatures against the first war in Chechnya , which he had signed himself . In March 1997 , Nemtsov was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation , with special responsibility for reform of the energy sector . He was tasked with restructuring the monopolies and reforming the housing and social sectors . He became widely popular with the public and appeared favoured to become President of Russia in 2000 . Boris Yeltsin introduced him to Bill Clinton as his chosen successor . In the summer of 1997 , opinion polls gave Nemtsov over 50% support as a potential presidential candidate . His political career , however , suffered a blow in August 1998 following the crash of the Russian stock-market and the ensuing economic crisis . Nemtsov had worked in Moscows White House for only a year and a half , although he stated he had some success . He ended the corrupt act of stashing budget funds in commercial banks . He also managed to introduce an anti-corruption law for all state purchases in the government . He also helped to end the illegal export of raw materials and made oil sales more transparent . And , most importantly , while I was the minister responsible for fuel and energy , oil was at barely 10 US dollars per barrel , and still we managed to save Russia . Things were difficult , what with social unrest , strikes , the war in Chechnya , the default , and still – let me repeat – we did save Russia . As part of Chubais economic team , Nemtsov was forced to resign his position of Deputy Prime Minister . After the dismissal of Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin in 1998 , Nemtsov was reappointed Deputy Prime Minister , but resigned shortly afterwards when Yeltsin dissolved the government . According to The Economist , Nemtsov , unlike many other top government figures , emerged from the troubled 1990s with his reputation intact . As early as 1998 , Nemtsov had a personal web site on RuNet . Nemtsov.ru sought to provide information to its users that was not available elsewhere and also was one of the first attempts by a politician to establish two-way communication with an audience . In August 1999 , Nemtsov became one of the co-founders of the Union of Right Forces , a then new liberal-democratic coalition which received nearly 6 million votes , or 8.6% of the vote , in the parliamentary elections in December 1999 . Nemtsov himself was elected to the State Duma , or lower house of Parliament , and became its Deputy Speaker in February 2000 . In May 2000 , Sergei Kiriyenko resigned and Nemtsov was elected leader of the party and its parliamentary group . Over 70% of delegates at the Union of Rightist Forces congress in May 2001 confirmed him as party leader . According to Nemtsov , the Union always consisted of two factions , a Nemtsov faction and a Chubais faction , with the former based on principles and ideology whereas the Chubais faction was pragmatic , existing by the rules of realpolitik . In 2002 , his name appeared on a list of several individuals the hostage-takers during the Moscow theater hostage crisis were willing to speak to directly . Nemtsov did not take part in the negotiations and later said that Putin had ordered him not to go . Between 2000 and 2003 , Nemtsov was in a difficult political position – while he vehemently believed President Vladimir Putins policies were rolling back democracy and civic freedoms in Russia , he needed to collaborate with the powerful co-chairman of the Union of Rightist Forces , Anatoly Chubais , who favoured a conciliatory line towards the Kremlin . In the parliamentary elections of December 2003 , the Union of Rightist Forces platform headed by both Nemtsov and Chubais received just 2.4 million votes , 4% of the total , and thus fell short of the 5% threshold necessary to enter Parliament and as a result lost its seats . In January 2004 , Nemtsov resigned from the party leadership . He became Chairman of the Council of Directors of Neftianoi , an oil company , and also a political advisor to Ukrainian president Viktor Yuschenko . Later career , 2004–2015 . In January 2004 , Nemtsov co-authored with his longtime adviser and party colleague Vladimir V . Kara-Murza an article in Nezavisimaya Gazeta entitled Appeal to the Putinist Majority , in which he warned of the danger of an impending Putin dictatorship . Later the same month , he co-founded Committee 2008 , an umbrella group of the Russian opposition which also included Garry Kasparov , Vladimir Bukovsky and other prominent liberals . In February 2004 , Nemtsov was appointed as a director of the Neftyanoi Bank , and as Chairman of Neftyanoi Concern , an oil firm and the banks parent company . In December 2005 , however , prosecutors announced an investigation of the bank following allegations of money laundering and fraud . Nemtsov subsequently stepped down from both his positions , saying that he wanted to minimize political fallout for the bank from his continuing involvement in Russian politics . Nemtsov also alleged that his bank perhaps was targeted because of his friendship and support of former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov , who had stated his intention to run for president in 2008 . During the 2004 Ukrainian presidential elections , Nemtsov came out as a strong supporter of the eventual winner Viktor Yushchenko , while the Russian government backed his opponent , Viktor Yanukovych . Shortly after the Orange Revolution , as the elections and series of protests in Ukraine came to be called , Yushchenko appointed Nemtsov as an economic adviser . Nemtsovs main goal was to improve business ties between Ukraine and Russia , damaged after the Putin government strongly supported Yushchenkos opponent in the presidential election . Yushchenkos selection of Nemtsov was controversial owing to Nemtsovs vocal criticism of Putin . The relationship between Nemtsov and the Ukrainian government became unstable in the middle of 2005 following accusations that Nemtsov had criticized Ukrainian cabinet decisions , and a group of legislators called for Yushchenko to fire Nemtsov . Despite the criticism , he remained as an economic adviser to Yushchenko until October 2006 , when the office of the Ukrainian president announced that Nemtsov had been relieved of his duties as a free lance presidential adviser . Nemtsov was briefly a candidate for the presidency of Russia in the 2008 election . On 26 December 2007 , Nemtsov withdrew his candidacy for the 2008 election , saying that he did not want to draw votes away from the other candidate of the democratic opposition , Mikhail Kasyanov . Nemtsov also had declared that he would no longer run , in part , due to his belief that the government had predetermined the elections winner . On 13 December 2008 , Nemtsov and Garry Kasparov co-founded the political opposition movement Solidarnost ( Solidarity ) . The organization hoped to unite the opposition forces in Russia . Nemtsov said in February 2011 that Solidarity had done everything it could to resolve conflicts within the opposition and that those who are trying to create a rift among the opposition , whether consciously or unconsciously , are helping Putin stay in power . At a Solidarnost meeting on 12 March 2009 , Nemtsov announced that he would run for mayor of Sochi in the citys 26 April election . As a Sochi native , he had criticized plans to hold the 2014 Winter Olympics in the town . He believed it was this criticism which led Nashi members to attack him with ammonium chloride on 23 March 2009 . In a March 2010 interview , Nemtsov criticized the decision to hold a Winter Olympics in Sochi , saying that Putin had found one of the only places in Russia where there is no snow in the winter . .. . Sochi is subtropical . There is no tradition of skating or hockey there . In Sochi , we prefer football , and volleyball , and swimming . Other parts of Russia need ice palaces—we dont . The construction at the Olympics site was disastrous for the local economy , he added , saying that about 5,000 citizens had been removed from their homes to build Olympic facilities . He also added that thanks to the corruption and incompetence of authorities , [ these people have ] not yet been adequately compensated for their property or been given equivalent housing elsewhere , as they were promised . Billions of dollars have simply disappeared . On 27 April 2009 , it was announced that the acting Sochi mayor and United Russia candidate Anatoly Pakhomov had won the election with 77% of the vote . Nemtsov , who came second with around 14% of the vote , contested the fairness of the election , alleging that he was denied media access and that government workers had been pressured to vote for Pakhomov . Nemtsov was among the 34 original signatories of the online anti-Putin manifesto Putin must go , published on 10 March 2010 . Six months later , in September 2010 , together with Vladimir Ryzhkov , Mikhail Kasyanov and Vladimir Milov , Nemtsov formed the For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption party , which , three months later was transformed into the Peoples Freedom Party . In May 2011 , the party submitted an application for registration to the Ministry of Justice , but one month later it was denied . In response to the question Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov and others , what do they really want ? in a live television broadcast on 16 December 2010 , Putin stated that during the 1990s they dragged a lot of billions along with Berezovsky and those who are now in prison.. . They have been pulled away from the manger , they had been spending heavily , and now they want to go back and fill their pockets . In January 2011 , Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov brought suit over Putins statement before the Moscow City Court , but the following month the suit was dismissed . According to the judge , Tatiana Adamova , the names of Nemtsov , Milov and Ryzhkov were used merely as common names to refer to a certain class of politicians . In a May 2013 report , Nemtsov stated that up to $30 billion had been stolen from funds allocated for the Sochi Olympics . He accused the Putin administration of cronyism and embezzlement of funds on a level so grand it posed a threat to Russian national security . He suggested establishing a civic committee in charge of the investigation of the crimes committed around the Olympic project . Arrests in 2007 , 2010 , and 2011 . Nemtsov was arrested on 25 November 2007 during an unauthorized protest against President Putin near the State Hermitage Museum . Nemtsov and other opposition figures had complained of official harassment , and the police force had been used a number of times to break up what was then known as Dissenters Marches . Nemtsov was released later that day . On 31 December 2010 , he was arrested with other opposition leaders during a rally against government restrictions on public protests . He was sentenced on 2 January 2011 to 15 days in jail . The arrests were condemned by US Senators John McCain and Joe Lieberman , and by Amnesty International , which described him as a prisoner of conscience . The Economist called his arrest a new low in the governance of Russia . The mistreatment of him seems pointlessly malevolent . .. . He poses no threat to the government . The rally was authorized and he was on his way home when the police stopped him . He was charged with disobeying the police and swearing , despite video-footage that showed him asking the police to calm down . A judge would not admit this as evidence . The court disregarded witness statements supporting him and would not let him appeal against his conviction . In a February 2011 interview , Nemtsov recalled that the cell in which he was imprisoned was a stone dungeon , about one and a half by three metres , veiled in semi-darkness so it was impossible to read . There was no bed , no pillows or mattresses , just the floor . He stated that his glasses , belt , and shoelaces were confiscated and he was given substandard living quarters . He attributed the decision to detain him to Vladislav Surkov , Deputy Chief of the Russian Presidents Administration and called it a political decision . Nemtsov filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights , which accepted it and agreed to handle the case through its new urgent procedure . During the 6 December 2011 protests in Moscow , Nemtsov was arrested with at least one hundred other demonstrators . Political views . After his dismissal from the government , Nemtsov became an important actor in the political discourse and eventually in the opposition to Putins government . Nemtsovs political beliefs have caused some to characterize him as a new liberal . In February 2011 , Nemtsov said : Everyone is unhappy with Putin , save perhaps his closest friends . He noted that for three consecutive years capital has been flowing out of the country , with some 40 billion dollars being taken out of the country in 2010 alone . As a result , even within his party of corrupt thieves there are not so many people willing to follow him until the very end . Nemtsov said : [ Putin had ] used the Moscow theatre siege to impose a regime of total censorship on TV ; he went on to destroy NTV , and then TV6 . He used the nightmare of Beslan to remove democratic elections of regional governors . In short , he drowned everyone apart from the terrorists . Nemtsov also stated : There is a myth spreading about how , in the 1990s , we democrats were pals with oligarchs while Putin was fighting them . It was exactly the other way around . We did not let Berezovsky get a foothold in [ the worlds largest natural gas company ] Gazprom , we did not allow him to take over the Svyazinvest company [ Russias largest telecom holding ] . Yet Putin used to go to his birthday parties and bring flowers to his wife . It was Berezovsky who lobbied for Putin to become president and then financed his campaign . Nemtsov told Newsweek in September 2011 that Putins decision to run for president again was predictable , but we were shocked by the hypocrisy and cynicism of the announcement : he declared he was coming back long before the elections . Putin and Medvedev did not even bother to share their decision to swap their chairs with the United Russia party before the congress . Russians had no choice but face his final decision ; his usurpation of political power is sickly humiliating . Nemtsov said that all of his friends in big business planned to take their capital out of Russia , while some prefer to emigrate . In a March 2012 op-ed for The Wall Street Journal , Nemtsov and Garry Kasparov expressed support for the repeal of the Jackson-Vanik amendment that impedes American trade relations with Russia . Nemtsov and Kasparov stated that at opposition meetings following the fraudulent March 4 election , they and their associates publicly resolved that Mr . Putin is not the legitimate leader of Russia . They explained that they wanted the U.S . and other leading nations of the Free World [ to ] cease to provide democratic credentials to Mr . Putin , and asked that the U.S . replace Jackson-Vanik with the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act and thus improve relations between the United States and the people of Russia all while refusing aid to the Putin regime . In December 2013 , Nemtsov said on behalf of his party : We support Ukraines course toward European integration [ ... ] By supporting Ukraine , we also support ourselves . Nemtsov condemned the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in eastern Ukraine : My condolences to the families of the victims . The bastards , who did this , must be destroyed . The separatists the other day bragged they had the Buk missiles , with which they wanted to take down an AN-26 . If those are them , they must get no mercy . Nemtsov was among the few Russian statesmen to vocally criticize the annexation of Crimea by Russia . Nemtsov stated that he viewed Crimea as an integral part of Ukraine , that he considered its annexation by the Russian Federation to be illegal , and that the people of Crimea and not Russian legislators should decide which country they want to live in . In an op-ed published on 1 September 2014 in the Kyiv Post , Nemtsov lamented the fratricidal war between Russia and Ukraine . This is not our war , this is not your war , this is not the war of 20-year-old paratroopers sent out there . This is Vladimir Putins war . He accused Putin of trying to dissect Ukraine and create in the east of the country a puppet state , Novorossiya , that is fully economically and politically controlled by the Kremlin . Meanwhile , wrote Nemtsov , Russia itself is sinking into lies , violence , obscurantism and imperial hysteria . He stated that he sometimes thinks Putin is insane , but at other times he recognizes that Putin is driven by one goal : the preservation of personal power and money at any cost . Ukraine had overthrown a thieving president , and Putin needed to punish it to make sure that no Russian would get these thoughts . Ukraine chose the European way , which implies the rule of law , democracy and change of power . Ukraines success on this way is a direct threat to Putins power because he chose the opposite course – a lifetime in power , filled with arbitrariness and corruption . He criticized Putin in 2014 : I cannot understand what Putin expects when he arms 20,000 Kadyrovites . Putin diligently finances Chechnya by sending there trains loaded with money . The republic receives a minimum of 60 billion rubles a year in grants . Only Allah knows how much money is being siphoned off through different programs , such as Northern Caucasus Resorts . In April 2014 , in an interview with journalists Boris Nemtsov called Putin a mental patient . This statement was used as the basis for initiation of criminal proceeding against Nemtsov but , eventually , the case was requalified to administrative offence . Assassination . Nemtsovs fears . Less than three weeks before his murder , on 10 February , Nemtsov had written on Russias Sobesednik news website that his 87-year-old mother was afraid Putin would kill him . He added that his mother is also afraid for former oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky and anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny . When asked if he himself was afraid for his life , Nemtsov answered : Yes , not as strongly as my mother , but still.. . In an extended version of the interview , Nemtsov reportedly added : I am just joking . If I were afraid of Putin , I wouldnt be in this line of work . Two weeks prior to his assassination , Nemtsov had met with an old friend , Yevgenia Albats , editor of The New Times magazine , to discuss his research into Putins role in the Ukraine conflict . Albats said that Nemtsov was afraid of being killed , adding : And he was trying to convince himself , and me , they wouldnt touch him because he was a [ former ] member of the Russian government , a vice premier , and they wouldnt want to create a precedent . Because as he said , one time the power will change hands in Russia again , and those who served Putin wouldnt want to create this precedent . Assassination of Nemtsov ( 27 February 2015 ) . Just before midnight , at 23:31 local time on 27 February 2015 , Nemtsov was shot several times from behind . He was crossing the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge in Moscow , close to the Kremlin walls and Red Square . He died at the scene . He was murdered less than two days before he was due to take part in a peace rally against Russian involvement in the war in Ukraine and the financial crisis in Russia . The BBC reported : In his last tweet , Mr . Nemtsov sent out an appeal for Russias divided opposition to unite at an anti-war march he was planning for Sunday . The BBC also quoted him as saying : If you support stopping Russias war with Ukraine , if you support stopping Putins aggression , come to the Spring March in Maryino on 1 March . The night after Nemtsovs murder , his papers , writings and computer hard drives were confiscated in a police search of his apartment on Malaya Ordynka street . Aftermath , context and accusations . Russian journalist Ksenia Sobchak said that Nemtsov had been preparing a report proving the presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine despite its heated denial of any involvement there . Two weeks before his murder , Nemtsov had met with an old friend to discuss his latest research into what he said was dissembling and misdeeds in the Kremlin . Yevgenia Albats , editor of The New Times magazine , said that Nemtsov worked on a report which he planned to call Putin and the War , because it focused on Russias role in the Ukraine conflict . Albats commented on her fear for Nemtsovs life . Some people had accused Russian security services of responsibility for the crime . Vladimir Milov , a former deputy minister of energy and fellow opposition figure , said : There is ever less doubt that the state is behind the murder of Boris Nemtsov and stated that the objective had been to sow fear . Opposition activist Maksim Kats held Putin responsible : If he ordered it , then hes guilty as the orderer . And even if he didnt , then [ he is responsible ] as the inciter of hatred , hysteria , and anger among the people . Dmitry Peskov , a spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin , told reporters : Putin noted that this cruel murder has all the hallmarks of a contract hit and is extremely provocative . Russian opposition leader and Nemtsovs ally Ilya Yashin claimed that Chechnyas leader Ramzan Kadyrov was behind the assassination of Nemtsov , saying that Chechnya today is a quasi-Islamic state within the Russian federation that does not obey Russian rules , and whose only connection with the federal authorities is the systematic receipt of money from the federal budget . Russian society stays silent because people are afraid of Kadyrov . And he exploits this fear as an instrument to muffle critics . Zhanna Nemtsova repeatedly said she wanted Kadyrov to be questioned about what he knew about the assassination of her father . Shortly after Nemtsovs murder , Julia Ioffe , a reporter , wrote that several theories about the crime had begun to circulate . Yet we can be sure that the investigation will lead precisely nowhere , she stated . At most , some sad sap , the supposed trigger-puller , will be hauled in front of a judge , the scapegoat for someone far more powerful . More likely , the case will founder for years amid promises that everyone is working hard , and no one will be brought to justice at all . Ioffe said that the Kremlin was already muddying the waters . LifeNews , a publication tied to Russias security agencies , had suggested three possible theories , namely that the killing was revenge for forcing Duritskaya to get an abortion , or that it had something to do with money Nemtsov was receiving from allies abroad , or that it was an attempt to smear the Kremlin . A statement by the governments Investigative Committee theorized that Nemtsov was killed by someone from his own opposition movement who wanted to create a martyr and even suggested that the assassination was connected to the Charlie Hebdo killings . After Nemtsovs murder , Serge Schmemann of The New York Times paid tribute to him in an article headlined A Reformer Who Never Backed Down . Schmemann wrote : Tall , handsome , witty and irreverent , Mr . Nemtsov was one of the brilliant young men who burst onto the Russian stage at that exciting moment when Communist rule collapsed and a new era seemed imminent . Julia Ioffe of The New York Times described Nemtsov after his death as a powerful , vigorous critic of Vladimir Putin , who was a deeply intelligent , witty , kind and ubiquitous man who seemed to genuinely be everyones friend . Reactions and sanctions . Political consultant Gleb Pavlovsky opined that Russia had been overcome by a Weimar atmosphere in which there were no longer any limits . Opposition activist Leonid Volkov maintained that Russians now lived in a different political reality . United States President Barack Obama called on Russias government to launch a prompt , impartial , and transparent investigation to ensure that those responsible for this vicious killing are brought to justice . German Chancellor Angela Merkel condemned the cowardly murder . A statement by her office demanded that Putin assure himself that this assassination is elucidated and that its perpetrators are held accountable . On 6 December 2017 , the Council of the District of Columbia held a hearing to decide on symbolically renaming a section of Wisconsin Avenue as Boris Nemtsov Plaza . The Embassy of the Russian Federation fronts the section of street proposed for the designation . On 9 January 2018 , the Council unanimously approved the Boris Nemtsov Plaza Designation Act of 2017 which authorized the renaming . The section of the street was renamed . On 12 March 2019 , the U.S . House of Representatives passed a series of bills meant to hold Russian President Vladimir Putin accountable for his countrys actions , including a measure condemning the Russian leader and his government for their alleged roles in covering up the 2015 assassination of Putin political opponent Boris Nemtsov Convictions . Several suspects have been implicated in the assassination , all of whom are Chechens . The alleged shooter is a former officer in the security force of Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov , who was also accused by opposition leader Ilya Yashin of having murdered Nemtsov . Five Chechen men were prosecuted for his murder . In late June 2017 , these men were found guilty by a jury in a court at Moscow for agreeing to kill Nemtsov in exchange for 15 million rubles ( US$253,000 ) ; neither the identity nor whereabouts of the person who hired them has been publicly revealed . Memorial rallies . At a memorial rally held in Moscow on 1 March , the date on which Nemtsov had planned to lead an opposition march , mourners carried signs that read : He was fighting for a free Russia , Those shots were in each of us , He died for the future of Russia , and They were afraid of you , Boris . Several thousand people also marched in St . Petersburg . Serge Schmemann of The New York Times wrote that the Moscow rally seemed like a memorial march for the hopes and dreams that lay alongside Mr . Nemtsovs murdered body in the middle of the night on the bridge to Red Square . In August 2015 , Nemtsovs daughter Zhanna Nemtsova was the recipient of Polands Democracy Award for her fathers work . On 9 October 2015 , opposition activists in Moscow erected a monument dedicated to Nemtsov at his tomb at Troyekurovskoye Cemetery , plot 16 . The monument , unveiled on what would have been his 56th birthday , shows Nemtsovs name with five bullet holes puncturing it . In late February 2017 , a peaceful protest and commemorative plaque dedication are planned in Nizhny Novgorod , in commemoration of his ideology and the freedom of speech that led to his assassination . Honors and awards . - Medal of the Order For Merit to the Fatherland , Second class , ( 10 March 1995 ) – for service to the state associated with the completion of the first phase of the voucher privatization scheme . - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms ( Ministry of Defense ) ( 2001 ) . - Order of Holy Prince Daniel of Moscow ( ROC ) ( 1996 ) – for his contribution to nation-building . - Honorary sign of the Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Region Merit ( 26 March 2009 ) . - Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise , Fifth class , ( Ukraine ) ( 19 August 2006 ) – for a significant contribution to the development of international cooperation , strengthening the authority and positive image of Ukraine in the world , popularization of its historical and modern achievements . - Order of Liberty ( Ukraine , posthumously ) . - Jan Karski Eagle Prize ( Poland , 15 May 2015 , posthumously ) . - IRI Freedom Award ( United States , September 2015 , posthumously ) Political publications . Memoirs : - Provincial – 1997 ; - Provincial in Moscow – 1999 - Confessions of a rebel – 2007 Beginning in 2008 , Nemtsov and Vladimir Milov published several white papers criticising Putins government and proposing alternative ways of development for the country : - Putin . Results – February 2008 - Putin and Gazprom – September 2008 - Putin and the Crisis – February 2009 - Sochi and the Olympics – April 2009 - Putin . Results . 10 years – June 2010 , Putin : What 10 Years of Putin Have Brought , revised edition of the report Putin . Results of 2008 . - Putin . Corruption – March 2011 . Written by co-chairmen of the Peoples Freedom Party Nemtsov , Milov , Ryzhkov and Solidarity movement spokesman Olga Shorina . The printing of the report was funded with donations . Entitled Putin the Thief , this report stated that Putins decade in power had seen an extraordinary increase in the abuse of power and corruption . The report described Putins corruption in detail and said that it far exceeded the scale of corruption under Yeltsin . The report stated that corruption in Russia has ceased being a problem in Russia ; it has become a system that represents 25% of the countrys GNP . - In a May 2013 report , Nemtsov stated that up to $30 billion had been stolen from funds allocated for the Sochi Olympics . He accused the Putin administration of cronyism and embezzlement of funds on a level so grand it posed as a threat to Russian national security . He suggested establishing a civic committee in charge of the investigation of the crimes committed around the Olympic project . - At the time of his murder , Nemtsov was preparing for publication his next report proving the presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine ( BBC News International , 28 February 2015 ; a Russian source is quoting journalist Kseniya Sobchak on the matter ) . In May 2015 , the report has been published under the title Putin . War . The publication reported that more than 200 Russian soldiers were then operating in Ukraine . - Nemtsov , Boris . 2000 . Reform for Russia : Forging a New Domestic Policy , Harvard International Review 22 ( No . 2 ) : 16–21 . Documentary films . - 2015 – My Friend Boris Nemtsov ( , Moj drug Boris Nemtsov ) , documentary film by Zosia Rodkevich on the man and political activist Nemtsov . - 2016 – Nemtsov ( , Nemtsov ) , documentary film by Vladimir V . Kara-Murza . - 2016 – The Man Who Was Too Free ( , Slishkom svobodnyy chelovek ) , documentary film by Mikhail Fishman and Vera Krichevskaya . Further reading . - Dunlop , John B . The February 2015 Assassination of Boris Nemtsov and the Flawed Trial of his Alleged Killers . An Exploration of Russias Crime of the 21st Century ( Stuttgart : Ibidem-Verlag , 2019 ) , 197pp . External links . - Nemtsov at Solidarity - Nemtsov at LiveJournal - Reports on Putin - Interview with Boris Nemtsov on BBCs HARDtalk ( Air date 7 February 2011 ) - Seven portraits made by Lena Hades five days after the murder of Boris Nemtsov and the start of the art marathon across Russia in memory of Boris Nemtsov

easy

Which team did the player Jussi Jääskeläinen belong to from 1992 to 1995?

/wiki/Jussi_Jääskeläinen#P54#0

Jussi Jääskeläinen Jussi Albert Jääskeläinen ( ; born 19 April 1975 ) is a Finnish football coach and retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper . During his career , Jääskeläinen most notably represented Bolton Wanderers from 1997 until 2012 , making 530 appearances across all competitions . He left Bolton for West Ham United at the end of the 2011–12 season , moving on after three seasons to Wigan Athletic on a free transfer . In his first season with Wigan , he won the League One title . He left Wigan after two seasons to join Indian club ATK , where he retired in 2018 . Jääskeläinen earned 56 caps for the Finland national team , making his debut in 1998 and retiring from international football in 2010 . Club career . Jääskeläinen was born in Mikkeli , and made his Veikkausliiga debut for MP Mikkeli in 1992 , becoming the clubs first choice goalkeeper in 1994 . In 1996 , he moved to VPS Vaasa where he spent two seasons . Bolton Wanderers . Jääskeläinen was bought by manager Colin Todd for £100,000 for Bolton Wanderers of the Football League First Division in 1997 . He soon established himself as the clubs first choice keeper , though a cruciate ligament injury ruled him out for half of Boltons 2000–01 promotion season . In October 2006 he saved two penalties in one match from Blackburn Rovers Benni McCarthy and Jason Roberts to secure a 1–0 away win . On 13 May 2007 , Jääskeläinen received Boltons Player of the Year Award and also the Players Player of the Year Award after helping Bolton secure a UEFA Cup spot for only the second time in their history . Despite much speculation linking him with a move away from Bolton when his contract expired following the 2007–08 season , Jääskeläinen agreed a new four-year contract on 11 June , which he signed on 9 July . His 400th appearance came against Manchester City on 2 November 2008 , with his 400th start coming six days later against Hull City . In January 2009 he saved another penalty from Benni McCarthy in a match against Blackburn Rovers , now managed by his former manager Sam Allardyce , to secure a 2–2 draw . After twelve years , Jääskeläinen was granted a testimonial match against Hibernian in August 2009 in which he kept a clean sheet . His 500th appearance came against Birmingham City on 12 March 2011 in an FA Cup Quarter-Final and his 500th start a week later at Manchester United . In 2012 , in the Premier League 20 Seasons Awards , a double-save from Jääskeläinen against Manchester United on 20 October 2001 came third in a poll deciding the best save in the Premier Leagues 20-year existence . At the end of the 2011–12 season Bolton were relegated from the Premier League and Jääskeläinen rejected a two-year contract bringing an end to his 15-year stay with the club . He made 530 appearances in all competitions , putting him joint third in Boltons all-time appearance list . West Ham United . On 13 June 2012 , West Ham confirmed that Jääskeläinen had agreed personal terms on a one-year deal with an option for a second year . Jääskeläinen was once again reunited with former manager Sam Allardyce , under whom he worked for eight years at Bolton Wanderers . He made his debut for West Ham on 18 August 2012 in a 1–0 win against Aston Villa . On 12 April 2013 , the option for contract extension was activated , keeping Jääskeläinen with the Hammers until summer 2014 . He played all 38 games of West Hams 2012–13 season , in the Premier League and was named runner-up in the Hammer of the Year . He played 18 games in the next Premier League season before being dropped in January for Adrián . On 4 June 2014 , signed a new one-year contract extension with West Ham keeping him at the club until the end of the 2014–15 season , saying Physically I feel good and I felt good last season so I hope I can carry on from there . Jääskeläinen played just one game for West Ham in the 2014–15 season , coming on for Carlton Cole after Adrián had been sent-off in a goalless draw at Southampton on 11 February 2015 . He was released at the end of the campaign . Wigan Athletic . After his release from West Ham , Jääskeläinen trialled with Bradford City . On 11 August 2015 , he signed a one-year deal with Wigan Athletic , newly relegated to League One . Initially back-up to fellow incomer Richard ODonnell , he made his debut on 3 October at the age of 40 , keeping a clean sheet in a goalless draw with Walsall at the DW Stadium . On 31 March 2016 , after his 15 clean sheets in 32 games helped Wigan onto an 18-match unbeaten run and second place in the table , he extended his contract for another season . Wigan ended the season as champions . Following the end of his contract at the end of the 2016–17 season , with Wigan being relegated back to League One after finishing 23rd , Jaaskelainen was one of four players to be released by Wigan . ATK . On 1 September 2017 , 42-year old Jääskeläinen switched clubs and countries , signing for Indian Super League club ATK . He made his debut three months later in a goalless draw at Jamshedpur FC . On 17 January , he was released after having played as a second choice to Debjit Majumder . Later reports clarified he will remain at the club as a coach , but his playing career had ended . International career . Jääskeläinen made his debut for Finland on 25 March 1998 against Malta . He was Finlands second choice behind Antti Niemi for years , but after Niemi retired from international football in 2005 , Jääskeläinen finally became the Finnish number one . On 29 October 2009 , Jääskeläinen announced his retirement from international football having collected 55 caps for his country . In explaining his decision Jääskeläinen stated that he hoped that it would allow him to prolong his club career . However , on 6 October 2010 Jääskeläinen announced his comeback to national team in a match against Hungary as Otto Fredrikson was unable to play because of an injury but confirmed that this was just a one-off . Coaching career . In 2018 he was appointed as the goalkeeper coach at Wrexham by manager Sam Ricketts , a former team-mate at Bolton . Due to the speculation over Ricketts job , Jääskeläinen , alongside Graham Barrow and Carl Darlington , took charge of Wrexhams second round FA Cup match against Newport County on 1 December . The match finished 0–0 , meaning a replay would be played . Two days later , the departure of Ricketts was confirmed , and Barrow was named sole caretaker manager until a replacement was found . He left the club on 7 June 2019 . Personal life . Jääskeläinens eldest son Will Jääskeläinen plays for Crewe Alexandra , in the same position , having left Bolton in August 2017 without making a competitive senior appearance . His youngest son , Emil , plays for Kendal Town . Career statistics . Club . <nowiki>*</nowiki> includes 2 play off matches Honours . - Wigan Athletic - League One : 2015–16 National . Finland - Nordic Football Championship : 2000–01

easy

Which team did Jussi Jääskeläinen play for from 1996 to 1997?

/wiki/Jussi_Jääskeläinen#P54#1

Jussi Jääskeläinen Jussi Albert Jääskeläinen ( ; born 19 April 1975 ) is a Finnish football coach and retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper . During his career , Jääskeläinen most notably represented Bolton Wanderers from 1997 until 2012 , making 530 appearances across all competitions . He left Bolton for West Ham United at the end of the 2011–12 season , moving on after three seasons to Wigan Athletic on a free transfer . In his first season with Wigan , he won the League One title . He left Wigan after two seasons to join Indian club ATK , where he retired in 2018 . Jääskeläinen earned 56 caps for the Finland national team , making his debut in 1998 and retiring from international football in 2010 . Club career . Jääskeläinen was born in Mikkeli , and made his Veikkausliiga debut for MP Mikkeli in 1992 , becoming the clubs first choice goalkeeper in 1994 . In 1996 , he moved to VPS Vaasa where he spent two seasons . Bolton Wanderers . Jääskeläinen was bought by manager Colin Todd for £100,000 for Bolton Wanderers of the Football League First Division in 1997 . He soon established himself as the clubs first choice keeper , though a cruciate ligament injury ruled him out for half of Boltons 2000–01 promotion season . In October 2006 he saved two penalties in one match from Blackburn Rovers Benni McCarthy and Jason Roberts to secure a 1–0 away win . On 13 May 2007 , Jääskeläinen received Boltons Player of the Year Award and also the Players Player of the Year Award after helping Bolton secure a UEFA Cup spot for only the second time in their history . Despite much speculation linking him with a move away from Bolton when his contract expired following the 2007–08 season , Jääskeläinen agreed a new four-year contract on 11 June , which he signed on 9 July . His 400th appearance came against Manchester City on 2 November 2008 , with his 400th start coming six days later against Hull City . In January 2009 he saved another penalty from Benni McCarthy in a match against Blackburn Rovers , now managed by his former manager Sam Allardyce , to secure a 2–2 draw . After twelve years , Jääskeläinen was granted a testimonial match against Hibernian in August 2009 in which he kept a clean sheet . His 500th appearance came against Birmingham City on 12 March 2011 in an FA Cup Quarter-Final and his 500th start a week later at Manchester United . In 2012 , in the Premier League 20 Seasons Awards , a double-save from Jääskeläinen against Manchester United on 20 October 2001 came third in a poll deciding the best save in the Premier Leagues 20-year existence . At the end of the 2011–12 season Bolton were relegated from the Premier League and Jääskeläinen rejected a two-year contract bringing an end to his 15-year stay with the club . He made 530 appearances in all competitions , putting him joint third in Boltons all-time appearance list . West Ham United . On 13 June 2012 , West Ham confirmed that Jääskeläinen had agreed personal terms on a one-year deal with an option for a second year . Jääskeläinen was once again reunited with former manager Sam Allardyce , under whom he worked for eight years at Bolton Wanderers . He made his debut for West Ham on 18 August 2012 in a 1–0 win against Aston Villa . On 12 April 2013 , the option for contract extension was activated , keeping Jääskeläinen with the Hammers until summer 2014 . He played all 38 games of West Hams 2012–13 season , in the Premier League and was named runner-up in the Hammer of the Year . He played 18 games in the next Premier League season before being dropped in January for Adrián . On 4 June 2014 , signed a new one-year contract extension with West Ham keeping him at the club until the end of the 2014–15 season , saying Physically I feel good and I felt good last season so I hope I can carry on from there . Jääskeläinen played just one game for West Ham in the 2014–15 season , coming on for Carlton Cole after Adrián had been sent-off in a goalless draw at Southampton on 11 February 2015 . He was released at the end of the campaign . Wigan Athletic . After his release from West Ham , Jääskeläinen trialled with Bradford City . On 11 August 2015 , he signed a one-year deal with Wigan Athletic , newly relegated to League One . Initially back-up to fellow incomer Richard ODonnell , he made his debut on 3 October at the age of 40 , keeping a clean sheet in a goalless draw with Walsall at the DW Stadium . On 31 March 2016 , after his 15 clean sheets in 32 games helped Wigan onto an 18-match unbeaten run and second place in the table , he extended his contract for another season . Wigan ended the season as champions . Following the end of his contract at the end of the 2016–17 season , with Wigan being relegated back to League One after finishing 23rd , Jaaskelainen was one of four players to be released by Wigan . ATK . On 1 September 2017 , 42-year old Jääskeläinen switched clubs and countries , signing for Indian Super League club ATK . He made his debut three months later in a goalless draw at Jamshedpur FC . On 17 January , he was released after having played as a second choice to Debjit Majumder . Later reports clarified he will remain at the club as a coach , but his playing career had ended . International career . Jääskeläinen made his debut for Finland on 25 March 1998 against Malta . He was Finlands second choice behind Antti Niemi for years , but after Niemi retired from international football in 2005 , Jääskeläinen finally became the Finnish number one . On 29 October 2009 , Jääskeläinen announced his retirement from international football having collected 55 caps for his country . In explaining his decision Jääskeläinen stated that he hoped that it would allow him to prolong his club career . However , on 6 October 2010 Jääskeläinen announced his comeback to national team in a match against Hungary as Otto Fredrikson was unable to play because of an injury but confirmed that this was just a one-off . Coaching career . In 2018 he was appointed as the goalkeeper coach at Wrexham by manager Sam Ricketts , a former team-mate at Bolton . Due to the speculation over Ricketts job , Jääskeläinen , alongside Graham Barrow and Carl Darlington , took charge of Wrexhams second round FA Cup match against Newport County on 1 December . The match finished 0–0 , meaning a replay would be played . Two days later , the departure of Ricketts was confirmed , and Barrow was named sole caretaker manager until a replacement was found . He left the club on 7 June 2019 . Personal life . Jääskeläinens eldest son Will Jääskeläinen plays for Crewe Alexandra , in the same position , having left Bolton in August 2017 without making a competitive senior appearance . His youngest son , Emil , plays for Kendal Town . Career statistics . Club . <nowiki>*</nowiki> includes 2 play off matches Honours . - Wigan Athletic - League One : 2015–16 National . Finland - Nordic Football Championship : 2000–01

easy

Which team did the player Jussi Jääskeläinen belong to from 1997 to 2010?

/wiki/Jussi_Jääskeläinen#P54#2

Jussi Jääskeläinen Jussi Albert Jääskeläinen ( ; born 19 April 1975 ) is a Finnish football coach and retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper . During his career , Jääskeläinen most notably represented Bolton Wanderers from 1997 until 2012 , making 530 appearances across all competitions . He left Bolton for West Ham United at the end of the 2011–12 season , moving on after three seasons to Wigan Athletic on a free transfer . In his first season with Wigan , he won the League One title . He left Wigan after two seasons to join Indian club ATK , where he retired in 2018 . Jääskeläinen earned 56 caps for the Finland national team , making his debut in 1998 and retiring from international football in 2010 . Club career . Jääskeläinen was born in Mikkeli , and made his Veikkausliiga debut for MP Mikkeli in 1992 , becoming the clubs first choice goalkeeper in 1994 . In 1996 , he moved to VPS Vaasa where he spent two seasons . Bolton Wanderers . Jääskeläinen was bought by manager Colin Todd for £100,000 for Bolton Wanderers of the Football League First Division in 1997 . He soon established himself as the clubs first choice keeper , though a cruciate ligament injury ruled him out for half of Boltons 2000–01 promotion season . In October 2006 he saved two penalties in one match from Blackburn Rovers Benni McCarthy and Jason Roberts to secure a 1–0 away win . On 13 May 2007 , Jääskeläinen received Boltons Player of the Year Award and also the Players Player of the Year Award after helping Bolton secure a UEFA Cup spot for only the second time in their history . Despite much speculation linking him with a move away from Bolton when his contract expired following the 2007–08 season , Jääskeläinen agreed a new four-year contract on 11 June , which he signed on 9 July . His 400th appearance came against Manchester City on 2 November 2008 , with his 400th start coming six days later against Hull City . In January 2009 he saved another penalty from Benni McCarthy in a match against Blackburn Rovers , now managed by his former manager Sam Allardyce , to secure a 2–2 draw . After twelve years , Jääskeläinen was granted a testimonial match against Hibernian in August 2009 in which he kept a clean sheet . His 500th appearance came against Birmingham City on 12 March 2011 in an FA Cup Quarter-Final and his 500th start a week later at Manchester United . In 2012 , in the Premier League 20 Seasons Awards , a double-save from Jääskeläinen against Manchester United on 20 October 2001 came third in a poll deciding the best save in the Premier Leagues 20-year existence . At the end of the 2011–12 season Bolton were relegated from the Premier League and Jääskeläinen rejected a two-year contract bringing an end to his 15-year stay with the club . He made 530 appearances in all competitions , putting him joint third in Boltons all-time appearance list . West Ham United . On 13 June 2012 , West Ham confirmed that Jääskeläinen had agreed personal terms on a one-year deal with an option for a second year . Jääskeläinen was once again reunited with former manager Sam Allardyce , under whom he worked for eight years at Bolton Wanderers . He made his debut for West Ham on 18 August 2012 in a 1–0 win against Aston Villa . On 12 April 2013 , the option for contract extension was activated , keeping Jääskeläinen with the Hammers until summer 2014 . He played all 38 games of West Hams 2012–13 season , in the Premier League and was named runner-up in the Hammer of the Year . He played 18 games in the next Premier League season before being dropped in January for Adrián . On 4 June 2014 , signed a new one-year contract extension with West Ham keeping him at the club until the end of the 2014–15 season , saying Physically I feel good and I felt good last season so I hope I can carry on from there . Jääskeläinen played just one game for West Ham in the 2014–15 season , coming on for Carlton Cole after Adrián had been sent-off in a goalless draw at Southampton on 11 February 2015 . He was released at the end of the campaign . Wigan Athletic . After his release from West Ham , Jääskeläinen trialled with Bradford City . On 11 August 2015 , he signed a one-year deal with Wigan Athletic , newly relegated to League One . Initially back-up to fellow incomer Richard ODonnell , he made his debut on 3 October at the age of 40 , keeping a clean sheet in a goalless draw with Walsall at the DW Stadium . On 31 March 2016 , after his 15 clean sheets in 32 games helped Wigan onto an 18-match unbeaten run and second place in the table , he extended his contract for another season . Wigan ended the season as champions . Following the end of his contract at the end of the 2016–17 season , with Wigan being relegated back to League One after finishing 23rd , Jaaskelainen was one of four players to be released by Wigan . ATK . On 1 September 2017 , 42-year old Jääskeläinen switched clubs and countries , signing for Indian Super League club ATK . He made his debut three months later in a goalless draw at Jamshedpur FC . On 17 January , he was released after having played as a second choice to Debjit Majumder . Later reports clarified he will remain at the club as a coach , but his playing career had ended . International career . Jääskeläinen made his debut for Finland on 25 March 1998 against Malta . He was Finlands second choice behind Antti Niemi for years , but after Niemi retired from international football in 2005 , Jääskeläinen finally became the Finnish number one . On 29 October 2009 , Jääskeläinen announced his retirement from international football having collected 55 caps for his country . In explaining his decision Jääskeläinen stated that he hoped that it would allow him to prolong his club career . However , on 6 October 2010 Jääskeläinen announced his comeback to national team in a match against Hungary as Otto Fredrikson was unable to play because of an injury but confirmed that this was just a one-off . Coaching career . In 2018 he was appointed as the goalkeeper coach at Wrexham by manager Sam Ricketts , a former team-mate at Bolton . Due to the speculation over Ricketts job , Jääskeläinen , alongside Graham Barrow and Carl Darlington , took charge of Wrexhams second round FA Cup match against Newport County on 1 December . The match finished 0–0 , meaning a replay would be played . Two days later , the departure of Ricketts was confirmed , and Barrow was named sole caretaker manager until a replacement was found . He left the club on 7 June 2019 . Personal life . Jääskeläinens eldest son Will Jääskeläinen plays for Crewe Alexandra , in the same position , having left Bolton in August 2017 without making a competitive senior appearance . His youngest son , Emil , plays for Kendal Town . Career statistics . Club . <nowiki>*</nowiki> includes 2 play off matches Honours . - Wigan Athletic - League One : 2015–16 National . Finland - Nordic Football Championship : 2000–01

easy

Jussi Jääskeläinen played for which team from 2012 to 2015?

/wiki/Jussi_Jääskeläinen#P54#3

Jussi Jääskeläinen Jussi Albert Jääskeläinen ( ; born 19 April 1975 ) is a Finnish football coach and retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper . During his career , Jääskeläinen most notably represented Bolton Wanderers from 1997 until 2012 , making 530 appearances across all competitions . He left Bolton for West Ham United at the end of the 2011–12 season , moving on after three seasons to Wigan Athletic on a free transfer . In his first season with Wigan , he won the League One title . He left Wigan after two seasons to join Indian club ATK , where he retired in 2018 . Jääskeläinen earned 56 caps for the Finland national team , making his debut in 1998 and retiring from international football in 2010 . Club career . Jääskeläinen was born in Mikkeli , and made his Veikkausliiga debut for MP Mikkeli in 1992 , becoming the clubs first choice goalkeeper in 1994 . In 1996 , he moved to VPS Vaasa where he spent two seasons . Bolton Wanderers . Jääskeläinen was bought by manager Colin Todd for £100,000 for Bolton Wanderers of the Football League First Division in 1997 . He soon established himself as the clubs first choice keeper , though a cruciate ligament injury ruled him out for half of Boltons 2000–01 promotion season . In October 2006 he saved two penalties in one match from Blackburn Rovers Benni McCarthy and Jason Roberts to secure a 1–0 away win . On 13 May 2007 , Jääskeläinen received Boltons Player of the Year Award and also the Players Player of the Year Award after helping Bolton secure a UEFA Cup spot for only the second time in their history . Despite much speculation linking him with a move away from Bolton when his contract expired following the 2007–08 season , Jääskeläinen agreed a new four-year contract on 11 June , which he signed on 9 July . His 400th appearance came against Manchester City on 2 November 2008 , with his 400th start coming six days later against Hull City . In January 2009 he saved another penalty from Benni McCarthy in a match against Blackburn Rovers , now managed by his former manager Sam Allardyce , to secure a 2–2 draw . After twelve years , Jääskeläinen was granted a testimonial match against Hibernian in August 2009 in which he kept a clean sheet . His 500th appearance came against Birmingham City on 12 March 2011 in an FA Cup Quarter-Final and his 500th start a week later at Manchester United . In 2012 , in the Premier League 20 Seasons Awards , a double-save from Jääskeläinen against Manchester United on 20 October 2001 came third in a poll deciding the best save in the Premier Leagues 20-year existence . At the end of the 2011–12 season Bolton were relegated from the Premier League and Jääskeläinen rejected a two-year contract bringing an end to his 15-year stay with the club . He made 530 appearances in all competitions , putting him joint third in Boltons all-time appearance list . West Ham United . On 13 June 2012 , West Ham confirmed that Jääskeläinen had agreed personal terms on a one-year deal with an option for a second year . Jääskeläinen was once again reunited with former manager Sam Allardyce , under whom he worked for eight years at Bolton Wanderers . He made his debut for West Ham on 18 August 2012 in a 1–0 win against Aston Villa . On 12 April 2013 , the option for contract extension was activated , keeping Jääskeläinen with the Hammers until summer 2014 . He played all 38 games of West Hams 2012–13 season , in the Premier League and was named runner-up in the Hammer of the Year . He played 18 games in the next Premier League season before being dropped in January for Adrián . On 4 June 2014 , signed a new one-year contract extension with West Ham keeping him at the club until the end of the 2014–15 season , saying Physically I feel good and I felt good last season so I hope I can carry on from there . Jääskeläinen played just one game for West Ham in the 2014–15 season , coming on for Carlton Cole after Adrián had been sent-off in a goalless draw at Southampton on 11 February 2015 . He was released at the end of the campaign . Wigan Athletic . After his release from West Ham , Jääskeläinen trialled with Bradford City . On 11 August 2015 , he signed a one-year deal with Wigan Athletic , newly relegated to League One . Initially back-up to fellow incomer Richard ODonnell , he made his debut on 3 October at the age of 40 , keeping a clean sheet in a goalless draw with Walsall at the DW Stadium . On 31 March 2016 , after his 15 clean sheets in 32 games helped Wigan onto an 18-match unbeaten run and second place in the table , he extended his contract for another season . Wigan ended the season as champions . Following the end of his contract at the end of the 2016–17 season , with Wigan being relegated back to League One after finishing 23rd , Jaaskelainen was one of four players to be released by Wigan . ATK . On 1 September 2017 , 42-year old Jääskeläinen switched clubs and countries , signing for Indian Super League club ATK . He made his debut three months later in a goalless draw at Jamshedpur FC . On 17 January , he was released after having played as a second choice to Debjit Majumder . Later reports clarified he will remain at the club as a coach , but his playing career had ended . International career . Jääskeläinen made his debut for Finland on 25 March 1998 against Malta . He was Finlands second choice behind Antti Niemi for years , but after Niemi retired from international football in 2005 , Jääskeläinen finally became the Finnish number one . On 29 October 2009 , Jääskeläinen announced his retirement from international football having collected 55 caps for his country . In explaining his decision Jääskeläinen stated that he hoped that it would allow him to prolong his club career . However , on 6 October 2010 Jääskeläinen announced his comeback to national team in a match against Hungary as Otto Fredrikson was unable to play because of an injury but confirmed that this was just a one-off . Coaching career . In 2018 he was appointed as the goalkeeper coach at Wrexham by manager Sam Ricketts , a former team-mate at Bolton . Due to the speculation over Ricketts job , Jääskeläinen , alongside Graham Barrow and Carl Darlington , took charge of Wrexhams second round FA Cup match against Newport County on 1 December . The match finished 0–0 , meaning a replay would be played . Two days later , the departure of Ricketts was confirmed , and Barrow was named sole caretaker manager until a replacement was found . He left the club on 7 June 2019 . Personal life . Jääskeläinens eldest son Will Jääskeläinen plays for Crewe Alexandra , in the same position , having left Bolton in August 2017 without making a competitive senior appearance . His youngest son , Emil , plays for Kendal Town . Career statistics . Club . <nowiki>*</nowiki> includes 2 play off matches Honours . - Wigan Athletic - League One : 2015–16 National . Finland - Nordic Football Championship : 2000–01

easy

Jussi Jääskeläinen played for which team from 2015 to 2017?

/wiki/Jussi_Jääskeläinen#P54#4

Jussi Jääskeläinen Jussi Albert Jääskeläinen ( ; born 19 April 1975 ) is a Finnish football coach and retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper . During his career , Jääskeläinen most notably represented Bolton Wanderers from 1997 until 2012 , making 530 appearances across all competitions . He left Bolton for West Ham United at the end of the 2011–12 season , moving on after three seasons to Wigan Athletic on a free transfer . In his first season with Wigan , he won the League One title . He left Wigan after two seasons to join Indian club ATK , where he retired in 2018 . Jääskeläinen earned 56 caps for the Finland national team , making his debut in 1998 and retiring from international football in 2010 . Club career . Jääskeläinen was born in Mikkeli , and made his Veikkausliiga debut for MP Mikkeli in 1992 , becoming the clubs first choice goalkeeper in 1994 . In 1996 , he moved to VPS Vaasa where he spent two seasons . Bolton Wanderers . Jääskeläinen was bought by manager Colin Todd for £100,000 for Bolton Wanderers of the Football League First Division in 1997 . He soon established himself as the clubs first choice keeper , though a cruciate ligament injury ruled him out for half of Boltons 2000–01 promotion season . In October 2006 he saved two penalties in one match from Blackburn Rovers Benni McCarthy and Jason Roberts to secure a 1–0 away win . On 13 May 2007 , Jääskeläinen received Boltons Player of the Year Award and also the Players Player of the Year Award after helping Bolton secure a UEFA Cup spot for only the second time in their history . Despite much speculation linking him with a move away from Bolton when his contract expired following the 2007–08 season , Jääskeläinen agreed a new four-year contract on 11 June , which he signed on 9 July . His 400th appearance came against Manchester City on 2 November 2008 , with his 400th start coming six days later against Hull City . In January 2009 he saved another penalty from Benni McCarthy in a match against Blackburn Rovers , now managed by his former manager Sam Allardyce , to secure a 2–2 draw . After twelve years , Jääskeläinen was granted a testimonial match against Hibernian in August 2009 in which he kept a clean sheet . His 500th appearance came against Birmingham City on 12 March 2011 in an FA Cup Quarter-Final and his 500th start a week later at Manchester United . In 2012 , in the Premier League 20 Seasons Awards , a double-save from Jääskeläinen against Manchester United on 20 October 2001 came third in a poll deciding the best save in the Premier Leagues 20-year existence . At the end of the 2011–12 season Bolton were relegated from the Premier League and Jääskeläinen rejected a two-year contract bringing an end to his 15-year stay with the club . He made 530 appearances in all competitions , putting him joint third in Boltons all-time appearance list . West Ham United . On 13 June 2012 , West Ham confirmed that Jääskeläinen had agreed personal terms on a one-year deal with an option for a second year . Jääskeläinen was once again reunited with former manager Sam Allardyce , under whom he worked for eight years at Bolton Wanderers . He made his debut for West Ham on 18 August 2012 in a 1–0 win against Aston Villa . On 12 April 2013 , the option for contract extension was activated , keeping Jääskeläinen with the Hammers until summer 2014 . He played all 38 games of West Hams 2012–13 season , in the Premier League and was named runner-up in the Hammer of the Year . He played 18 games in the next Premier League season before being dropped in January for Adrián . On 4 June 2014 , signed a new one-year contract extension with West Ham keeping him at the club until the end of the 2014–15 season , saying Physically I feel good and I felt good last season so I hope I can carry on from there . Jääskeläinen played just one game for West Ham in the 2014–15 season , coming on for Carlton Cole after Adrián had been sent-off in a goalless draw at Southampton on 11 February 2015 . He was released at the end of the campaign . Wigan Athletic . After his release from West Ham , Jääskeläinen trialled with Bradford City . On 11 August 2015 , he signed a one-year deal with Wigan Athletic , newly relegated to League One . Initially back-up to fellow incomer Richard ODonnell , he made his debut on 3 October at the age of 40 , keeping a clean sheet in a goalless draw with Walsall at the DW Stadium . On 31 March 2016 , after his 15 clean sheets in 32 games helped Wigan onto an 18-match unbeaten run and second place in the table , he extended his contract for another season . Wigan ended the season as champions . Following the end of his contract at the end of the 2016–17 season , with Wigan being relegated back to League One after finishing 23rd , Jaaskelainen was one of four players to be released by Wigan . ATK . On 1 September 2017 , 42-year old Jääskeläinen switched clubs and countries , signing for Indian Super League club ATK . He made his debut three months later in a goalless draw at Jamshedpur FC . On 17 January , he was released after having played as a second choice to Debjit Majumder . Later reports clarified he will remain at the club as a coach , but his playing career had ended . International career . Jääskeläinen made his debut for Finland on 25 March 1998 against Malta . He was Finlands second choice behind Antti Niemi for years , but after Niemi retired from international football in 2005 , Jääskeläinen finally became the Finnish number one . On 29 October 2009 , Jääskeläinen announced his retirement from international football having collected 55 caps for his country . In explaining his decision Jääskeläinen stated that he hoped that it would allow him to prolong his club career . However , on 6 October 2010 Jääskeläinen announced his comeback to national team in a match against Hungary as Otto Fredrikson was unable to play because of an injury but confirmed that this was just a one-off . Coaching career . In 2018 he was appointed as the goalkeeper coach at Wrexham by manager Sam Ricketts , a former team-mate at Bolton . Due to the speculation over Ricketts job , Jääskeläinen , alongside Graham Barrow and Carl Darlington , took charge of Wrexhams second round FA Cup match against Newport County on 1 December . The match finished 0–0 , meaning a replay would be played . Two days later , the departure of Ricketts was confirmed , and Barrow was named sole caretaker manager until a replacement was found . He left the club on 7 June 2019 . Personal life . Jääskeläinens eldest son Will Jääskeläinen plays for Crewe Alexandra , in the same position , having left Bolton in August 2017 without making a competitive senior appearance . His youngest son , Emil , plays for Kendal Town . Career statistics . Club . <nowiki>*</nowiki> includes 2 play off matches Honours . - Wigan Athletic - League One : 2015–16 National . Finland - Nordic Football Championship : 2000–01

easy

Which team did Jussi Jääskeläinen play for from 2017 to 2018?

/wiki/Jussi_Jääskeläinen#P54#5

Jussi Jääskeläinen Jussi Albert Jääskeläinen ( ; born 19 April 1975 ) is a Finnish football coach and retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper . During his career , Jääskeläinen most notably represented Bolton Wanderers from 1997 until 2012 , making 530 appearances across all competitions . He left Bolton for West Ham United at the end of the 2011–12 season , moving on after three seasons to Wigan Athletic on a free transfer . In his first season with Wigan , he won the League One title . He left Wigan after two seasons to join Indian club ATK , where he retired in 2018 . Jääskeläinen earned 56 caps for the Finland national team , making his debut in 1998 and retiring from international football in 2010 . Club career . Jääskeläinen was born in Mikkeli , and made his Veikkausliiga debut for MP Mikkeli in 1992 , becoming the clubs first choice goalkeeper in 1994 . In 1996 , he moved to VPS Vaasa where he spent two seasons . Bolton Wanderers . Jääskeläinen was bought by manager Colin Todd for £100,000 for Bolton Wanderers of the Football League First Division in 1997 . He soon established himself as the clubs first choice keeper , though a cruciate ligament injury ruled him out for half of Boltons 2000–01 promotion season . In October 2006 he saved two penalties in one match from Blackburn Rovers Benni McCarthy and Jason Roberts to secure a 1–0 away win . On 13 May 2007 , Jääskeläinen received Boltons Player of the Year Award and also the Players Player of the Year Award after helping Bolton secure a UEFA Cup spot for only the second time in their history . Despite much speculation linking him with a move away from Bolton when his contract expired following the 2007–08 season , Jääskeläinen agreed a new four-year contract on 11 June , which he signed on 9 July . His 400th appearance came against Manchester City on 2 November 2008 , with his 400th start coming six days later against Hull City . In January 2009 he saved another penalty from Benni McCarthy in a match against Blackburn Rovers , now managed by his former manager Sam Allardyce , to secure a 2–2 draw . After twelve years , Jääskeläinen was granted a testimonial match against Hibernian in August 2009 in which he kept a clean sheet . His 500th appearance came against Birmingham City on 12 March 2011 in an FA Cup Quarter-Final and his 500th start a week later at Manchester United . In 2012 , in the Premier League 20 Seasons Awards , a double-save from Jääskeläinen against Manchester United on 20 October 2001 came third in a poll deciding the best save in the Premier Leagues 20-year existence . At the end of the 2011–12 season Bolton were relegated from the Premier League and Jääskeläinen rejected a two-year contract bringing an end to his 15-year stay with the club . He made 530 appearances in all competitions , putting him joint third in Boltons all-time appearance list . West Ham United . On 13 June 2012 , West Ham confirmed that Jääskeläinen had agreed personal terms on a one-year deal with an option for a second year . Jääskeläinen was once again reunited with former manager Sam Allardyce , under whom he worked for eight years at Bolton Wanderers . He made his debut for West Ham on 18 August 2012 in a 1–0 win against Aston Villa . On 12 April 2013 , the option for contract extension was activated , keeping Jääskeläinen with the Hammers until summer 2014 . He played all 38 games of West Hams 2012–13 season , in the Premier League and was named runner-up in the Hammer of the Year . He played 18 games in the next Premier League season before being dropped in January for Adrián . On 4 June 2014 , signed a new one-year contract extension with West Ham keeping him at the club until the end of the 2014–15 season , saying Physically I feel good and I felt good last season so I hope I can carry on from there . Jääskeläinen played just one game for West Ham in the 2014–15 season , coming on for Carlton Cole after Adrián had been sent-off in a goalless draw at Southampton on 11 February 2015 . He was released at the end of the campaign . Wigan Athletic . After his release from West Ham , Jääskeläinen trialled with Bradford City . On 11 August 2015 , he signed a one-year deal with Wigan Athletic , newly relegated to League One . Initially back-up to fellow incomer Richard ODonnell , he made his debut on 3 October at the age of 40 , keeping a clean sheet in a goalless draw with Walsall at the DW Stadium . On 31 March 2016 , after his 15 clean sheets in 32 games helped Wigan onto an 18-match unbeaten run and second place in the table , he extended his contract for another season . Wigan ended the season as champions . Following the end of his contract at the end of the 2016–17 season , with Wigan being relegated back to League One after finishing 23rd , Jaaskelainen was one of four players to be released by Wigan . ATK . On 1 September 2017 , 42-year old Jääskeläinen switched clubs and countries , signing for Indian Super League club ATK . He made his debut three months later in a goalless draw at Jamshedpur FC . On 17 January , he was released after having played as a second choice to Debjit Majumder . Later reports clarified he will remain at the club as a coach , but his playing career had ended . International career . Jääskeläinen made his debut for Finland on 25 March 1998 against Malta . He was Finlands second choice behind Antti Niemi for years , but after Niemi retired from international football in 2005 , Jääskeläinen finally became the Finnish number one . On 29 October 2009 , Jääskeläinen announced his retirement from international football having collected 55 caps for his country . In explaining his decision Jääskeläinen stated that he hoped that it would allow him to prolong his club career . However , on 6 October 2010 Jääskeläinen announced his comeback to national team in a match against Hungary as Otto Fredrikson was unable to play because of an injury but confirmed that this was just a one-off . Coaching career . In 2018 he was appointed as the goalkeeper coach at Wrexham by manager Sam Ricketts , a former team-mate at Bolton . Due to the speculation over Ricketts job , Jääskeläinen , alongside Graham Barrow and Carl Darlington , took charge of Wrexhams second round FA Cup match against Newport County on 1 December . The match finished 0–0 , meaning a replay would be played . Two days later , the departure of Ricketts was confirmed , and Barrow was named sole caretaker manager until a replacement was found . He left the club on 7 June 2019 . Personal life . Jääskeläinens eldest son Will Jääskeläinen plays for Crewe Alexandra , in the same position , having left Bolton in August 2017 without making a competitive senior appearance . His youngest son , Emil , plays for Kendal Town . Career statistics . Club . <nowiki>*</nowiki> includes 2 play off matches Honours . - Wigan Athletic - League One : 2015–16 National . Finland - Nordic Football Championship : 2000–01

easy

Which team did Chris Dunn (footballer) play for from 2006 to 2011?

/wiki/Chris_Dunn_(footballer)#P54#0

Chris Dunn ( footballer ) Christopher Michael Dunn ( born 23 October 1987 ) is an English football goalkeeper . Career . Northampton Town . Dunn started his career as a youth at West Ham United . At 14 he moved to Southend United then signed for Northampton Towns centre of excellence in January 2005 after moving from Brentwood when he was seventeen . After a year playing youth and reserve football , Dunn was made a squad number as cover for Lee Harper in the 2005–06 season by then manager Colin Calderwood . For the following two seasons , Dunn was an understudy to Mark Bunn . On 3 May 2008 , Dunn was given the opportunity to make his début in the last game of the 2007–08 season to gain first-team experience . The game was at home to Tranmere Rovers and Northampton Town won 2–1 . Bunn was sold near the end of the 2008 summer transfer window to Blackburn Rovers , which meant Dunn was selected as first choice for the forthcoming season . After appearing in a handful of first team appearances , Dunn was at fault for conceding one of the goals in a 3–2 loss against Huddersfield Town on 20 September 2008 , prompting Manager Stuart Gray to defend him to the press . Following this , Dunn lost his first choice status to loan Frank Fielding . After Fielding returned to his parent , Dunn regained his first choice goalkeeper status despite the club signing Ron-Robert Zieler shortly after and made his return to the first team on 13 December 2008 , in a 4–4 thriller draw against Scunthorpe United , followed up by keeping a clean sheet in the next game against Carlisle United on 20 December 2008 . Dunn remained as first choice goalkeeper for the rest of the season . Dunn signed a new two-year contract on 11 May 2009 . During the 2009–10 season , Dunn was the regular goalkeeper and went on a run of five clean sheets in a row without conceding a goal in 524 minutes . This took him to third place in the record number of minutes without conceding a goal for Northampton Town behind Alan Starling and Len Hammond . This record ended on 26 January 2010 when he conceded a goal against Darlington from Tadhg Purcell despite winning 2–1 . In February that season Dunn was nominated for the PFA League 2 Player of the Month award , but lost out to Wayne Brown before suffering an injury that kept him out for three weeks . Loan signing Jason Steele finished the season in goal with Dunn making thirty-two appearance in all competitions . With his contract expiring at the end of the season , Dunn was offered a new contract by the club . It came after when his future at Coventry City was uncertain and it was believed that he was expecting to leave the club to progress his career . Coventry City . On 30 June 2011 , Coventry City confirmed the signing of Chris Dunn on a three-year contract ; as Dunn was under 24 , an undisclosed fee was agreed between the two clubs . It came after when Coventry City made a transfer bid for Dunn around mid-June . Dunn made his début for the club on 10 September 2011 , as a half-time substitute for Joe Murphy in a 2–0 win against Derby County . He also made another sub appearance , where he continued to help the club keep a clean for the remaining 15 minutes , in the 1–0 win over Nottingham Forest on 15 October 2011 . His first competitive appearance for the Sky Blues was in the 2–1 FA Cup defeat to Southampton on 7 January 2012 . However , throughout the 2011–12 season , Dunn remained a second choice goalkeeper behind Murphy and made three appearances in all competitions . The 2012–13 season saw Dunn continuing to remain a second choice goalkeeper behind Murphy for the second time this season and it wasnt until on 1 December 2012 when he made his first appearance of the season , in the first round of FA Cup , in a 2–1 win over Morecambe . It wasnt until the last game of the season on 27 April 2013 when he made his first Coventry City league start , in a 2–2 draw against Notts County . On 16 August 2013 , Dunn had his contract at Coventry City terminated by mutual consent . Yeovil Town . On 17 August 2013 , Dunn signed for Football League Championship side Yeovil Town on a one-year contract , to be reunited with manager Gary Johnson whom he worked under at Northampton Town . After Wayne Hennessey became the first choice goalkeeper until he returned to Wolves , Dunn made his Yeovil debut in their 2–1 defeat against Doncaster Rovers , on 22 November 2013 , followed by back to back clean sheets away to Watford and home to Blackpool , earning Dunn a place in the Championship Team of the Week . After finishing the 2013–14 season , making eight appearance for the club in all competitions , Dunn was offered a new contract by the club . However , it appeared that Dunn rejected a new contract from the club , confirming his departure . Cambridge United . Dunn agreed a 2-year deal to join Cambridge United on 10 June 2014 for the Us return season in the Football League . Upon joining the club , Dunn was given a number one shirt ahead of a new season . Dunn made his Cambridge United debut , in the opening game of the season , where he kept a clean and played the whole game , in a 1–0 win over Plymouth Argyle . After earning one point in the next two matches , Dunn was able to keep another clean sheet , in a 5–0 win over Carlisle United on 30 August 2014 . On 23 January 2015 , Dunn played a vital role in the clubs shock FA Cup 4th Round 0–0 Draw with Manchester United , forcing a replay with the Premiership side . Manchester United won 3–0 in the replay at Old Trafford on 3 February 2015 . Dunn was the first-choice goalkeeper at the Abbey Stadium for the 2014–15 season , making 51 competitive appearances . In the 2015–16 season , Dunn made his first appearance of the season , in a 2–1 win over Wimbledon on 18 August 2015 . However , in a 1–0 loss against Wycombe Wanderers on 29 September 2015 , Dunn received a straight red card in the 53rd minutes after fouling Gozie Ugwu in the penalty box . The resulting penalty was saved from Garry Thompson . Dunn served his suspension , and It wasnt until on 30 October 2015 when he made his return , in a 2–1 loss against Bristol Rovers . Only a few more appearances followed with Dunn finishing his second season making thirteen appearance in all competitions . Dunn was released by the club , with the club finishing ninth place in the league . Wrexham . On 22 July 2016 , Dunn joined National League side Wrexham on a one-year deal as a player and goalkeeping coach . Upon joining the club , Dunn was given a number twenty-four shirt ahead of a new season . Despite being the goalkeeping coach , Dunn was favoured to start the season making his debut for the club on the opening day of the 2016–17 season , keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw with Dover Athletic . Dunn made two more appearances before illness kept him sidelined for their next match , and Shwan Jalal replaced Dunn in goal on 16 August 2016 in a 1–0 victory over Solihull Moors . Dunn returned to the first team as an unused substitute , in a 2–1 win over Bromley on 22 October 2016 . On 5 November 2016 , Dunn made his first team return since August , where he played 68 minutes , in a 0–0 draw against North Ferriby United . From the turn of the year , Dunn was ever present in goal for the Reds making 14-consequetive appearances . For the 2017–18 season , Dunn was given the no1 squad number , keeping 15 clean sheets in 35 matches . He was released by Wrexham in May 2018 . Walsall . On 30 June 2018 Walsall announced the signing of Dunn on a one-year deal . He made four league starts keeping two clean sheets . He was released by Walsall at the end of the 2018–19 season . Maidenhead United . Dunn joined Maidenhead United for the 2019–20 season . Dunn made 21 appearances , before the season was curtailed by the coronavirus outbreak . He left the club at the end of the season . Personal life . Growing up Brentwood , Essex England , Dunn attended St Martin School .

easy

Chris Dunn (footballer) played for which team from 2011 to 2013?

/wiki/Chris_Dunn_(footballer)#P54#1

Chris Dunn ( footballer ) Christopher Michael Dunn ( born 23 October 1987 ) is an English football goalkeeper . Career . Northampton Town . Dunn started his career as a youth at West Ham United . At 14 he moved to Southend United then signed for Northampton Towns centre of excellence in January 2005 after moving from Brentwood when he was seventeen . After a year playing youth and reserve football , Dunn was made a squad number as cover for Lee Harper in the 2005–06 season by then manager Colin Calderwood . For the following two seasons , Dunn was an understudy to Mark Bunn . On 3 May 2008 , Dunn was given the opportunity to make his début in the last game of the 2007–08 season to gain first-team experience . The game was at home to Tranmere Rovers and Northampton Town won 2–1 . Bunn was sold near the end of the 2008 summer transfer window to Blackburn Rovers , which meant Dunn was selected as first choice for the forthcoming season . After appearing in a handful of first team appearances , Dunn was at fault for conceding one of the goals in a 3–2 loss against Huddersfield Town on 20 September 2008 , prompting Manager Stuart Gray to defend him to the press . Following this , Dunn lost his first choice status to loan Frank Fielding . After Fielding returned to his parent , Dunn regained his first choice goalkeeper status despite the club signing Ron-Robert Zieler shortly after and made his return to the first team on 13 December 2008 , in a 4–4 thriller draw against Scunthorpe United , followed up by keeping a clean sheet in the next game against Carlisle United on 20 December 2008 . Dunn remained as first choice goalkeeper for the rest of the season . Dunn signed a new two-year contract on 11 May 2009 . During the 2009–10 season , Dunn was the regular goalkeeper and went on a run of five clean sheets in a row without conceding a goal in 524 minutes . This took him to third place in the record number of minutes without conceding a goal for Northampton Town behind Alan Starling and Len Hammond . This record ended on 26 January 2010 when he conceded a goal against Darlington from Tadhg Purcell despite winning 2–1 . In February that season Dunn was nominated for the PFA League 2 Player of the Month award , but lost out to Wayne Brown before suffering an injury that kept him out for three weeks . Loan signing Jason Steele finished the season in goal with Dunn making thirty-two appearance in all competitions . With his contract expiring at the end of the season , Dunn was offered a new contract by the club . It came after when his future at Coventry City was uncertain and it was believed that he was expecting to leave the club to progress his career . Coventry City . On 30 June 2011 , Coventry City confirmed the signing of Chris Dunn on a three-year contract ; as Dunn was under 24 , an undisclosed fee was agreed between the two clubs . It came after when Coventry City made a transfer bid for Dunn around mid-June . Dunn made his début for the club on 10 September 2011 , as a half-time substitute for Joe Murphy in a 2–0 win against Derby County . He also made another sub appearance , where he continued to help the club keep a clean for the remaining 15 minutes , in the 1–0 win over Nottingham Forest on 15 October 2011 . His first competitive appearance for the Sky Blues was in the 2–1 FA Cup defeat to Southampton on 7 January 2012 . However , throughout the 2011–12 season , Dunn remained a second choice goalkeeper behind Murphy and made three appearances in all competitions . The 2012–13 season saw Dunn continuing to remain a second choice goalkeeper behind Murphy for the second time this season and it wasnt until on 1 December 2012 when he made his first appearance of the season , in the first round of FA Cup , in a 2–1 win over Morecambe . It wasnt until the last game of the season on 27 April 2013 when he made his first Coventry City league start , in a 2–2 draw against Notts County . On 16 August 2013 , Dunn had his contract at Coventry City terminated by mutual consent . Yeovil Town . On 17 August 2013 , Dunn signed for Football League Championship side Yeovil Town on a one-year contract , to be reunited with manager Gary Johnson whom he worked under at Northampton Town . After Wayne Hennessey became the first choice goalkeeper until he returned to Wolves , Dunn made his Yeovil debut in their 2–1 defeat against Doncaster Rovers , on 22 November 2013 , followed by back to back clean sheets away to Watford and home to Blackpool , earning Dunn a place in the Championship Team of the Week . After finishing the 2013–14 season , making eight appearance for the club in all competitions , Dunn was offered a new contract by the club . However , it appeared that Dunn rejected a new contract from the club , confirming his departure . Cambridge United . Dunn agreed a 2-year deal to join Cambridge United on 10 June 2014 for the Us return season in the Football League . Upon joining the club , Dunn was given a number one shirt ahead of a new season . Dunn made his Cambridge United debut , in the opening game of the season , where he kept a clean and played the whole game , in a 1–0 win over Plymouth Argyle . After earning one point in the next two matches , Dunn was able to keep another clean sheet , in a 5–0 win over Carlisle United on 30 August 2014 . On 23 January 2015 , Dunn played a vital role in the clubs shock FA Cup 4th Round 0–0 Draw with Manchester United , forcing a replay with the Premiership side . Manchester United won 3–0 in the replay at Old Trafford on 3 February 2015 . Dunn was the first-choice goalkeeper at the Abbey Stadium for the 2014–15 season , making 51 competitive appearances . In the 2015–16 season , Dunn made his first appearance of the season , in a 2–1 win over Wimbledon on 18 August 2015 . However , in a 1–0 loss against Wycombe Wanderers on 29 September 2015 , Dunn received a straight red card in the 53rd minutes after fouling Gozie Ugwu in the penalty box . The resulting penalty was saved from Garry Thompson . Dunn served his suspension , and It wasnt until on 30 October 2015 when he made his return , in a 2–1 loss against Bristol Rovers . Only a few more appearances followed with Dunn finishing his second season making thirteen appearance in all competitions . Dunn was released by the club , with the club finishing ninth place in the league . Wrexham . On 22 July 2016 , Dunn joined National League side Wrexham on a one-year deal as a player and goalkeeping coach . Upon joining the club , Dunn was given a number twenty-four shirt ahead of a new season . Despite being the goalkeeping coach , Dunn was favoured to start the season making his debut for the club on the opening day of the 2016–17 season , keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw with Dover Athletic . Dunn made two more appearances before illness kept him sidelined for their next match , and Shwan Jalal replaced Dunn in goal on 16 August 2016 in a 1–0 victory over Solihull Moors . Dunn returned to the first team as an unused substitute , in a 2–1 win over Bromley on 22 October 2016 . On 5 November 2016 , Dunn made his first team return since August , where he played 68 minutes , in a 0–0 draw against North Ferriby United . From the turn of the year , Dunn was ever present in goal for the Reds making 14-consequetive appearances . For the 2017–18 season , Dunn was given the no1 squad number , keeping 15 clean sheets in 35 matches . He was released by Wrexham in May 2018 . Walsall . On 30 June 2018 Walsall announced the signing of Dunn on a one-year deal . He made four league starts keeping two clean sheets . He was released by Walsall at the end of the 2018–19 season . Maidenhead United . Dunn joined Maidenhead United for the 2019–20 season . Dunn made 21 appearances , before the season was curtailed by the coronavirus outbreak . He left the club at the end of the season . Personal life . Growing up Brentwood , Essex England , Dunn attended St Martin School .

easy

Which team did the player Chris Dunn (footballer) belong to from 2013 to 2014?

/wiki/Chris_Dunn_(footballer)#P54#2

Chris Dunn ( footballer ) Christopher Michael Dunn ( born 23 October 1987 ) is an English football goalkeeper . Career . Northampton Town . Dunn started his career as a youth at West Ham United . At 14 he moved to Southend United then signed for Northampton Towns centre of excellence in January 2005 after moving from Brentwood when he was seventeen . After a year playing youth and reserve football , Dunn was made a squad number as cover for Lee Harper in the 2005–06 season by then manager Colin Calderwood . For the following two seasons , Dunn was an understudy to Mark Bunn . On 3 May 2008 , Dunn was given the opportunity to make his début in the last game of the 2007–08 season to gain first-team experience . The game was at home to Tranmere Rovers and Northampton Town won 2–1 . Bunn was sold near the end of the 2008 summer transfer window to Blackburn Rovers , which meant Dunn was selected as first choice for the forthcoming season . After appearing in a handful of first team appearances , Dunn was at fault for conceding one of the goals in a 3–2 loss against Huddersfield Town on 20 September 2008 , prompting Manager Stuart Gray to defend him to the press . Following this , Dunn lost his first choice status to loan Frank Fielding . After Fielding returned to his parent , Dunn regained his first choice goalkeeper status despite the club signing Ron-Robert Zieler shortly after and made his return to the first team on 13 December 2008 , in a 4–4 thriller draw against Scunthorpe United , followed up by keeping a clean sheet in the next game against Carlisle United on 20 December 2008 . Dunn remained as first choice goalkeeper for the rest of the season . Dunn signed a new two-year contract on 11 May 2009 . During the 2009–10 season , Dunn was the regular goalkeeper and went on a run of five clean sheets in a row without conceding a goal in 524 minutes . This took him to third place in the record number of minutes without conceding a goal for Northampton Town behind Alan Starling and Len Hammond . This record ended on 26 January 2010 when he conceded a goal against Darlington from Tadhg Purcell despite winning 2–1 . In February that season Dunn was nominated for the PFA League 2 Player of the Month award , but lost out to Wayne Brown before suffering an injury that kept him out for three weeks . Loan signing Jason Steele finished the season in goal with Dunn making thirty-two appearance in all competitions . With his contract expiring at the end of the season , Dunn was offered a new contract by the club . It came after when his future at Coventry City was uncertain and it was believed that he was expecting to leave the club to progress his career . Coventry City . On 30 June 2011 , Coventry City confirmed the signing of Chris Dunn on a three-year contract ; as Dunn was under 24 , an undisclosed fee was agreed between the two clubs . It came after when Coventry City made a transfer bid for Dunn around mid-June . Dunn made his début for the club on 10 September 2011 , as a half-time substitute for Joe Murphy in a 2–0 win against Derby County . He also made another sub appearance , where he continued to help the club keep a clean for the remaining 15 minutes , in the 1–0 win over Nottingham Forest on 15 October 2011 . His first competitive appearance for the Sky Blues was in the 2–1 FA Cup defeat to Southampton on 7 January 2012 . However , throughout the 2011–12 season , Dunn remained a second choice goalkeeper behind Murphy and made three appearances in all competitions . The 2012–13 season saw Dunn continuing to remain a second choice goalkeeper behind Murphy for the second time this season and it wasnt until on 1 December 2012 when he made his first appearance of the season , in the first round of FA Cup , in a 2–1 win over Morecambe . It wasnt until the last game of the season on 27 April 2013 when he made his first Coventry City league start , in a 2–2 draw against Notts County . On 16 August 2013 , Dunn had his contract at Coventry City terminated by mutual consent . Yeovil Town . On 17 August 2013 , Dunn signed for Football League Championship side Yeovil Town on a one-year contract , to be reunited with manager Gary Johnson whom he worked under at Northampton Town . After Wayne Hennessey became the first choice goalkeeper until he returned to Wolves , Dunn made his Yeovil debut in their 2–1 defeat against Doncaster Rovers , on 22 November 2013 , followed by back to back clean sheets away to Watford and home to Blackpool , earning Dunn a place in the Championship Team of the Week . After finishing the 2013–14 season , making eight appearance for the club in all competitions , Dunn was offered a new contract by the club . However , it appeared that Dunn rejected a new contract from the club , confirming his departure . Cambridge United . Dunn agreed a 2-year deal to join Cambridge United on 10 June 2014 for the Us return season in the Football League . Upon joining the club , Dunn was given a number one shirt ahead of a new season . Dunn made his Cambridge United debut , in the opening game of the season , where he kept a clean and played the whole game , in a 1–0 win over Plymouth Argyle . After earning one point in the next two matches , Dunn was able to keep another clean sheet , in a 5–0 win over Carlisle United on 30 August 2014 . On 23 January 2015 , Dunn played a vital role in the clubs shock FA Cup 4th Round 0–0 Draw with Manchester United , forcing a replay with the Premiership side . Manchester United won 3–0 in the replay at Old Trafford on 3 February 2015 . Dunn was the first-choice goalkeeper at the Abbey Stadium for the 2014–15 season , making 51 competitive appearances . In the 2015–16 season , Dunn made his first appearance of the season , in a 2–1 win over Wimbledon on 18 August 2015 . However , in a 1–0 loss against Wycombe Wanderers on 29 September 2015 , Dunn received a straight red card in the 53rd minutes after fouling Gozie Ugwu in the penalty box . The resulting penalty was saved from Garry Thompson . Dunn served his suspension , and It wasnt until on 30 October 2015 when he made his return , in a 2–1 loss against Bristol Rovers . Only a few more appearances followed with Dunn finishing his second season making thirteen appearance in all competitions . Dunn was released by the club , with the club finishing ninth place in the league . Wrexham . On 22 July 2016 , Dunn joined National League side Wrexham on a one-year deal as a player and goalkeeping coach . Upon joining the club , Dunn was given a number twenty-four shirt ahead of a new season . Despite being the goalkeeping coach , Dunn was favoured to start the season making his debut for the club on the opening day of the 2016–17 season , keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw with Dover Athletic . Dunn made two more appearances before illness kept him sidelined for their next match , and Shwan Jalal replaced Dunn in goal on 16 August 2016 in a 1–0 victory over Solihull Moors . Dunn returned to the first team as an unused substitute , in a 2–1 win over Bromley on 22 October 2016 . On 5 November 2016 , Dunn made his first team return since August , where he played 68 minutes , in a 0–0 draw against North Ferriby United . From the turn of the year , Dunn was ever present in goal for the Reds making 14-consequetive appearances . For the 2017–18 season , Dunn was given the no1 squad number , keeping 15 clean sheets in 35 matches . He was released by Wrexham in May 2018 . Walsall . On 30 June 2018 Walsall announced the signing of Dunn on a one-year deal . He made four league starts keeping two clean sheets . He was released by Walsall at the end of the 2018–19 season . Maidenhead United . Dunn joined Maidenhead United for the 2019–20 season . Dunn made 21 appearances , before the season was curtailed by the coronavirus outbreak . He left the club at the end of the season . Personal life . Growing up Brentwood , Essex England , Dunn attended St Martin School .

easy

Chris Dunn (footballer) played for which team from 2014 to 2015?

/wiki/Chris_Dunn_(footballer)#P54#3

Chris Dunn ( footballer ) Christopher Michael Dunn ( born 23 October 1987 ) is an English football goalkeeper . Career . Northampton Town . Dunn started his career as a youth at West Ham United . At 14 he moved to Southend United then signed for Northampton Towns centre of excellence in January 2005 after moving from Brentwood when he was seventeen . After a year playing youth and reserve football , Dunn was made a squad number as cover for Lee Harper in the 2005–06 season by then manager Colin Calderwood . For the following two seasons , Dunn was an understudy to Mark Bunn . On 3 May 2008 , Dunn was given the opportunity to make his début in the last game of the 2007–08 season to gain first-team experience . The game was at home to Tranmere Rovers and Northampton Town won 2–1 . Bunn was sold near the end of the 2008 summer transfer window to Blackburn Rovers , which meant Dunn was selected as first choice for the forthcoming season . After appearing in a handful of first team appearances , Dunn was at fault for conceding one of the goals in a 3–2 loss against Huddersfield Town on 20 September 2008 , prompting Manager Stuart Gray to defend him to the press . Following this , Dunn lost his first choice status to loan Frank Fielding . After Fielding returned to his parent , Dunn regained his first choice goalkeeper status despite the club signing Ron-Robert Zieler shortly after and made his return to the first team on 13 December 2008 , in a 4–4 thriller draw against Scunthorpe United , followed up by keeping a clean sheet in the next game against Carlisle United on 20 December 2008 . Dunn remained as first choice goalkeeper for the rest of the season . Dunn signed a new two-year contract on 11 May 2009 . During the 2009–10 season , Dunn was the regular goalkeeper and went on a run of five clean sheets in a row without conceding a goal in 524 minutes . This took him to third place in the record number of minutes without conceding a goal for Northampton Town behind Alan Starling and Len Hammond . This record ended on 26 January 2010 when he conceded a goal against Darlington from Tadhg Purcell despite winning 2–1 . In February that season Dunn was nominated for the PFA League 2 Player of the Month award , but lost out to Wayne Brown before suffering an injury that kept him out for three weeks . Loan signing Jason Steele finished the season in goal with Dunn making thirty-two appearance in all competitions . With his contract expiring at the end of the season , Dunn was offered a new contract by the club . It came after when his future at Coventry City was uncertain and it was believed that he was expecting to leave the club to progress his career . Coventry City . On 30 June 2011 , Coventry City confirmed the signing of Chris Dunn on a three-year contract ; as Dunn was under 24 , an undisclosed fee was agreed between the two clubs . It came after when Coventry City made a transfer bid for Dunn around mid-June . Dunn made his début for the club on 10 September 2011 , as a half-time substitute for Joe Murphy in a 2–0 win against Derby County . He also made another sub appearance , where he continued to help the club keep a clean for the remaining 15 minutes , in the 1–0 win over Nottingham Forest on 15 October 2011 . His first competitive appearance for the Sky Blues was in the 2–1 FA Cup defeat to Southampton on 7 January 2012 . However , throughout the 2011–12 season , Dunn remained a second choice goalkeeper behind Murphy and made three appearances in all competitions . The 2012–13 season saw Dunn continuing to remain a second choice goalkeeper behind Murphy for the second time this season and it wasnt until on 1 December 2012 when he made his first appearance of the season , in the first round of FA Cup , in a 2–1 win over Morecambe . It wasnt until the last game of the season on 27 April 2013 when he made his first Coventry City league start , in a 2–2 draw against Notts County . On 16 August 2013 , Dunn had his contract at Coventry City terminated by mutual consent . Yeovil Town . On 17 August 2013 , Dunn signed for Football League Championship side Yeovil Town on a one-year contract , to be reunited with manager Gary Johnson whom he worked under at Northampton Town . After Wayne Hennessey became the first choice goalkeeper until he returned to Wolves , Dunn made his Yeovil debut in their 2–1 defeat against Doncaster Rovers , on 22 November 2013 , followed by back to back clean sheets away to Watford and home to Blackpool , earning Dunn a place in the Championship Team of the Week . After finishing the 2013–14 season , making eight appearance for the club in all competitions , Dunn was offered a new contract by the club . However , it appeared that Dunn rejected a new contract from the club , confirming his departure . Cambridge United . Dunn agreed a 2-year deal to join Cambridge United on 10 June 2014 for the Us return season in the Football League . Upon joining the club , Dunn was given a number one shirt ahead of a new season . Dunn made his Cambridge United debut , in the opening game of the season , where he kept a clean and played the whole game , in a 1–0 win over Plymouth Argyle . After earning one point in the next two matches , Dunn was able to keep another clean sheet , in a 5–0 win over Carlisle United on 30 August 2014 . On 23 January 2015 , Dunn played a vital role in the clubs shock FA Cup 4th Round 0–0 Draw with Manchester United , forcing a replay with the Premiership side . Manchester United won 3–0 in the replay at Old Trafford on 3 February 2015 . Dunn was the first-choice goalkeeper at the Abbey Stadium for the 2014–15 season , making 51 competitive appearances . In the 2015–16 season , Dunn made his first appearance of the season , in a 2–1 win over Wimbledon on 18 August 2015 . However , in a 1–0 loss against Wycombe Wanderers on 29 September 2015 , Dunn received a straight red card in the 53rd minutes after fouling Gozie Ugwu in the penalty box . The resulting penalty was saved from Garry Thompson . Dunn served his suspension , and It wasnt until on 30 October 2015 when he made his return , in a 2–1 loss against Bristol Rovers . Only a few more appearances followed with Dunn finishing his second season making thirteen appearance in all competitions . Dunn was released by the club , with the club finishing ninth place in the league . Wrexham . On 22 July 2016 , Dunn joined National League side Wrexham on a one-year deal as a player and goalkeeping coach . Upon joining the club , Dunn was given a number twenty-four shirt ahead of a new season . Despite being the goalkeeping coach , Dunn was favoured to start the season making his debut for the club on the opening day of the 2016–17 season , keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw with Dover Athletic . Dunn made two more appearances before illness kept him sidelined for their next match , and Shwan Jalal replaced Dunn in goal on 16 August 2016 in a 1–0 victory over Solihull Moors . Dunn returned to the first team as an unused substitute , in a 2–1 win over Bromley on 22 October 2016 . On 5 November 2016 , Dunn made his first team return since August , where he played 68 minutes , in a 0–0 draw against North Ferriby United . From the turn of the year , Dunn was ever present in goal for the Reds making 14-consequetive appearances . For the 2017–18 season , Dunn was given the no1 squad number , keeping 15 clean sheets in 35 matches . He was released by Wrexham in May 2018 . Walsall . On 30 June 2018 Walsall announced the signing of Dunn on a one-year deal . He made four league starts keeping two clean sheets . He was released by Walsall at the end of the 2018–19 season . Maidenhead United . Dunn joined Maidenhead United for the 2019–20 season . Dunn made 21 appearances , before the season was curtailed by the coronavirus outbreak . He left the club at the end of the season . Personal life . Growing up Brentwood , Essex England , Dunn attended St Martin School .

easy

Gavin Mahon played for which team from 1995 to 1996?

/wiki/Gavin_Mahon#P54#0

Gavin Mahon Gavin Andrew Mahon ( born 2 January 1977 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder . Mahon started his career as a trainee at Wolverhampton Wanderers , although he did not make any first-team appearances for the club . In July 1996 , he joined Hereford United on a free transfer , and went on to play two-and-a-half years of regular first-team football . Mahon signed for Brentford in November 1998 , for a fee that rose to £130,000 . He helped the club earn promotion from Division Three during the 1998–99 campaign , and went on to make over 150 appearances for the west London side . He joined Watford for £150,000 in March 2002 , and would later captain the club to promotion into the Premier League . Mahon then signed for Queens Park Rangers ahead of the 2008–09 season , following a successful loan spell the previous season . Injuries hampered the latter stages of his QPR career , and he was briefly loaned out to Crystal Palace in March 2011 , although he did not make any appearances for the club . Mahon signed for Notts County on a free transfer in August 2011 . He was loaned to Stevenage in February 2013 , for the remainder of the 2012–13 campaign . Mahon left Notts County at the end of the season , and briefly joined Portsmouth in October 2013 for a one-month spell . He signed for Tamworth in December 2013 , playing for the club for the rest of the 2013–14 season in what was the final playing role of his football career . Playing career . Early career . Mahon began his career with Wolverhampton Wanderers , progressing through the youth ranks with the club and playing regularly for the youth team . He was released by Wolves at the end of the 1995–96 campaign , having made no first-team appearances . In July 1996 , he signed for Hereford United of Division Three on a free transfer , making his first professional appearance in the clubs 1–0 victory over Doncaster Rovers on 24 August 1996.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1996/1997></ref> Mahon scored the first goal of his career during the same season , in a 3–0 win against Rochdale . Despite featuring seven times during the early stages of the season , he did not make any further first-team appearances from November onwards , with Hereford suffering relegation to the Conference National at the end of the campaign . Mahon remained at Hereford for the 1997–98 season , playing in all 42 league matches as Hereford finished the season in sixth place . Brentford . In November 1998 , Mahon signed for Division Three side Brentford , joining for a nominal fee of £50,000 , which eventually increased to £130,000 under the terms of the deal . Mahon made his Brentford debut in the clubs 2–1 defeat to Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 21 November 1998 , and instantly became a permanent fixture in the sides midfield.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1997/1998></ref> He opened his goalscoring account for Brentford in the clubs first match of 1999 , scoring the third goal in a 3–1 win over Barnet at Griffin Park . His first season with the club proved to be a successful one , with Brentford earning promotion to Division Two as champions , winning the league by four points . Mahon made 32 appearances during the campaign , contributing with four goals . The 1999–00 season was Mahons first full season with the west London club , making 44 appearances in all competitions and scoring three times,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1999/2000></ref> as Brentford consolidated their place in Division Two with a mid-table finish . Mahon was almost ever-present during the 2000–01 season , making 51 appearances in league and cup competitions,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2000/2001></ref> as Brentford once again finished in mid-table . He scored once that season , restoring parity in an away game against Bristol City in December 2000 , a match that Brentford went on to win 2–1 . He was also named in the starting line-up for the first competitive final of his career , as Brentford lost 2–1 to Port Vale in the Football League Trophy Final . The campaign also witnessed the first red card of Mahons career , receiving the dismissal in the 83rd minute in a 1–0 home defeat to Swindon Town towards the latter stages of the season . His fourth straight season at Brentford started well , with the club going on an eight-match unbeaten start to the season.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2001/2002></ref> He made 39 appearances during the season , and was named Brentfords Player of the Year for the campaign despite leaving the west London club three months before the end of the season . During his three-and-a-half years at Brentford , Mahon made 166 appearances in all competitions , scoring eight goals . Watford . In March 2002 , Mahon signed for Division One side Watford for an initial fee of £150,000 . The move came about as a result of Watford reserve team manager Ray Lewington , who had previously signed Mahon at Brentford , recommending the player to new manager Gianluca Vialli . Vialli subsequently went to watch him play , and opted to make Mahon his first signing for the club . On signing for Watford , Mahon stated — As soon as I knew Watford were interested I was ready to jump at the chance . He made his Watford debut on 9 March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 away win over Crystal Palace . Mahon went on to make a further five appearances for the club during the remainder of the 2001–02 season . Ahead of the 2002–03 season , under the management of Lewington once again following Viallis sacking , Mahon was one of several players who took a voluntary pay cut as a result Watfords financial troubles . Shortly before the start of pre-season , it was announced that Mahon was going to miss the opening months of the new campaign after sustaining a knee injury in May 2002 . He returned to first-team action in the clubs 2–1 win over Burnley at Vicarage Road on 30 November 2002 , and went on to make a total of 22 appearances during the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2002/2003></ref> Five of those appearances were in Watfords FA Cup run , as they narrowly lost 2–1 in the semi-final to Southampton at Villa Park . Mahon played in the clubs opening game of the 2003–04 season , a 1–0 home win over Bournemouth in the League Cup , and remained ever-present during the first two months of the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2003/2004></ref> An injury in the clubs 1–0 away victory against Crewe Alexandra on 4 October 2003 ultimately ruled Mahon out for two months . In January 2004 , Mahon scored his first goal for Watford , scoring with a header to give the club a brief lead over Premier League side Chelsea in the Third Round of the FA Cup , in an eventual 2–2 draw . He added to his goal tally twice during the second half of the season , in home matches against Sunderland and Derby County respectively . The goals meant Mahon had scored three times during a season that produced another mid-table finish , making 36 appearances in all competitions . Shortly after the season had finished , he was voted as the clubs Player of the Season . Two months into the 2004–05 season , in October 2004 , it was announced that Mahon had signed a new three-year contract extension with the club , keeping him at Watford until 2007 . On Mahon signing the new deal , Lewington stated — Ive known Gavin a long time and it doesnt surprise me that hes become a very important part of our squad . He made 51 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2004/2005></ref> although did not get on the scoresheet , in what was a difficult year for the club . Watford narrowly staved off relegation by two points under the new management of Aidy Boothroyd , after picking up seven points from their final three matches . Following the departure of previous captain Sean Dyche , Mahon was appointed club captain ahead of the 2005–06 season . Watford began the season in positive fashion , with Mahon scoring his first goal of the new campaign in a 3–1 home win over Burnley on 20 August 2005 . He added to his tally in November that year when he scored Watfords first goal in a 2–1 away victory against Hull City , before also giving Watford an early lead in a comfortable 3–1 win against Southampton at St Marys in March 2006 . Watford exceeded all expectations during the season , with Mahons leadership and combative nature playing a key role in guiding Watfords young squad to a third-place finish . Mahon played in all three play-off matches as Watford firstly disposed of Crystal Palace 3–0 on aggregate , before defeating Leeds United by a 3–0 scoreline in the final at the Millennium Stadium in May 2006 . The victory meant Watford had earned promotion to the Premier League , in what was a memorable first season as captain for Mahon , making 43 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2005/2006></ref> Shortly after gaining promotion , in July 2006 , Mahon signed a two-year contract extension with the club . He subsequently started in the clubs first game since their return to the top flight , playing the whole match as Watford lost 2–1 to Everton at Goodison Park . Mahon made 38 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2006/2007></ref> scoring once with a fierce volley in a 4–2 win against Portsmouth , a goal that was nominated for Aprils Goal of the Month award . Watford were relegated back to the Championship after finishing in 20th position . The club made the FA Cup semi-final that campaign , losing 4–1 to Manchester United at Villa Park , with Mahon playing in three of Watfords five FA Cup ties that campaign . With the club back in the Championship for the 2007–08 season , Mahon continued to feature regularly during the first half of the season , making 19 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2007/2008></ref> However , in December 2007 , manager Aidy Boothroyd told Mahon that he wanted to build a squad that was ready for the Premier League , and that Mahon did not feature in his future plans . Mahon stated — I said to Aidy that I wanted to stay , at least until the end of the season . I wanted to get a second promotion in three years on my CV . Aidy explained his reasons why , and I have no grudges with him for that . Mahon left Watford when the club were in first place in the Championship , although they would ultimately finish in sixth position . Boothroyd later stated that he regretted letting Mahon leave too early . During his five-and-a-half-year spell with Watford , Mahon made 215 appearances and scored seven goals . Queens Park Rangers . Mahon subsequently joined Championship rivals Queens Park Rangers on an emergency loan basis on 31 December 2007 , with a view to a permanent transfer at the end of the season . QPR beat four or five other Championship sides to his signature . Watford received an initial payment of £200,000 for Mahon , with an additional £50,000 due on further clauses . Although disappointed by his sudden exit at Watford , Mahon stated it was a very exciting time to be joining QPR , and that the ambition and drive of the board and the new investors really impressed me and Im delighted to be here . He made his debut a day after signing , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute in the clubs 3–1 win over Leicester City at Loftus Road . Mahon went on to score his first goal for the club on 12 February 2008 , netting the opening goal of the match as QPR squandered a two-goal lead to lose 4–2 at home to Burnley . He made 17 appearances during the second half of the season , with QPR finishing the season in 14th place . Mahon signed for the club on a permanent basis at the end of the season . Under the new management of Iain Dowie , Mahon and QPR began the 2008–09 campaign with five victories in their first six matches.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2008/2009></ref> Mahon scored his first goal of the season in a 1–0 home victory over Cardiff City in November 2008 , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute , before scoring a headed goal against a nine-man Cardiff side with just 10 minutes remaining . The goal was highlighted in the BBC documentary The Four Year Plan , as joint-owner Flavio Briatore ordered sporting director Gianni Paladini into going down to the touchline to order caretaker manager Gareth Ainsworth to bring Gavin Mahon off the bench . Mahon promptly scores a last gasp winner and Briatore , his football genius now proven , erupts in a mixture of self-righteous anger and joy in the directors box . His second goal of the season came in April 2009 , scoring with a diving header to equalise proceedings after QPR had trailed by two goals to Sheffield Wednesday — with Mahon atoning for his earlier own goal . QPR went on to win the match 3–2 , all of their goals coming in the last half-hour of the match . He played under three different managers during the season , making 40 appearances as the club finished in mid-table . Mahon started in QPRs opening game of the 2009–10 season on 8 August 2009 , playing the whole match as the club drew 1–1 at home to Blackpool . He played regularly in the opening months of the campaign , making nine appearances in all competitions , scoring once , with QPR winning seven of the games.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2009/2010></ref> However , he suffered a knee injury in November 2009 , which would ultimately rule him out for the remainder of the season . With Mahons contract expiring at the end of the season , manager Neil Warnock stated — Hell probably come back and do a pre-season with us and try and show me what he can do . Ive always liked Gavin , weve just got to wait and see whos available . Despite being released at the 2009–10 campaign , he re-joined the club in October 2010 on a one-month deal , describing the move as being like a trial . Although he did not make any further first-team appearances for QPR , the monthly deal was extended on four separate occasions . He joined Championship side Crystal Palace on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season on 24 March 2011 . On the loan deal , Mahon stated — Im very much pleased to have joined . Its been stop-start for me this season and I need to be playing in and amongst the first team . If I can give some input off the pitch as well as on it that will be great . However , he did not make any appearances during the loan spell and returned to his parent club in May 2011 . A month after his return , it was announced that Mahon was one of eight players to be released by QPR . During his time at the club , he scored four goals in 66 appearances . Notts County . Ahead of the 2011–12 season , Mahon joined up with former club Watford for pre-season training in order to regain fitness ahead of the new campaign . Although no move materialised , he featured for Watford against Brentford in a friendly at the end of July 2011 , and stated he really appreciated the opportunity Watford gave him to train with the club . Two weeks into the new season , on 25 August 2011 , Mahon signed for League One side Notts County on an initial pay-as-you-play deal . He made his debut for the club two days later as Notts County lost 2–0 away to Preston North End . Mahon impressed during his first month with the club , and stated manager Martin Allen wished to secure a longer deal for the player — The manager called me a few weeks ago and said hed like to try to extend the deal to the end of the season . In October 2011 , Mahon signed an 18-month contract , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2013 . He was described as a pivotal player in Notts Countys season , and went on to make 34 appearances as County narrowly missed out on a play-off place on goal difference.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2011/2012></ref> At the end of the season , Notts County announced that they wished to retain Mahons services , and the player was offered a new one-year contract , which he signed in June 2012 . Mahon began his second season at Notts County featuring predominantly as a substitute , making six starting appearances and a further nine as a substitute during the first half of the season . In November 2012 , it was revealed that Mahon was the subject of loan bids from two League Two sides in the form of Bristol Rovers and Port Vale . He rejected the opportunity of going out on loan after County manager Keith Curle told him there was still of chance of him regaining his first-team place . However , two weeks later , Mahon stated he was prepared to leave Meadow Lane if he did not play more games — You do think like that sometimes , when you travel halfway across the country to get splinters in your backside , but thats football , you have to wait for your chance to come . I told him the last thing I want to do is leave a club like Notts , but when you get to my age you have got to play , especially if you want to go on and play next season . In February 2013 , Mahon joined fellow League One club Stevenage on a loan deal for the remainder of the 2012–13 season . He made his Stevenage debut in the clubs 2–1 away defeat to Shrewsbury Town on 23 February , playing the whole match . Mahon went on to make nine appearances for the club during the two-month loan spell.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2012/2013></ref> Mahon was released by Notts County at the end of the 2012–13 campaign . Portsmouth . Mahon was without a club for the first two months of the 2013–14 campaign , eventually signing for League Two side Portsmouth on a one-month deal on 4 October 2013 . He made his Portsmouth debut four days after signing , playing the whole match in a 2–1 Football League Trophy away win at Oxford United . Mahon was sent-off in a 2–1 loss to former club Stevenage in an FA Cup tie on 9 November 2013 , receiving a straight red card for an elbow on Filipe Morais . He made three appearances in total during his brief spell at Portsmouth , leaving upon the expiry of his contract on 28 November 2013.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2013/2014></ref> Tamworth . In December 2013 , Mahon joined Conference Premier side Tamworth on a short-term deal until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut for Tamworth in the clubs 2–0 home win over Halifax Town on 4 January 2014 , playing the whole match . Mahon featured regularly for Tamworth during the second half of the campaign , starting in all of the 23 games he played in . He left Tamworth upon the expiry of his contract in May 2014 . Ahead of the 2014–15 season , Mahon was invited to spend time on trial at Barnet , and he featured in a pre-season friendly fixture against Peterborough United in July 2014 . No move materialised and Mahon subsequently retired from playing , opting to work for a sports consultancy company . Style of play . Mahon was predominantly deployed as a defensive midfielder throughout his career . He was described by his former teammate at Notts County , Alan Judge , as being a pivotal point in the centre of midfield due to his desire to play the ball on the floor , as well as being calm on the ball . Personal life . Mahon has two children called Mia and Alfie . He supports Birmingham City . After his retirement from playing , Mahon joined the Stellar Group , a sports consultancy company . He undertakes the role of Football Intermediary , a position to help pass on his knowledge and understanding to younger players that have been signed by Stellar . Honours . Brentford - Division Three : 1998–99<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1998/1999></ref> Watford - Championship play-offs : 2005–06 Individual - Brentford Player of the Month : March 2001 - Watford Player of the Year : 2003–04

easy

Which team did the player Gavin Mahon belong to from 1996 to 1998?

/wiki/Gavin_Mahon#P54#1

Gavin Mahon Gavin Andrew Mahon ( born 2 January 1977 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder . Mahon started his career as a trainee at Wolverhampton Wanderers , although he did not make any first-team appearances for the club . In July 1996 , he joined Hereford United on a free transfer , and went on to play two-and-a-half years of regular first-team football . Mahon signed for Brentford in November 1998 , for a fee that rose to £130,000 . He helped the club earn promotion from Division Three during the 1998–99 campaign , and went on to make over 150 appearances for the west London side . He joined Watford for £150,000 in March 2002 , and would later captain the club to promotion into the Premier League . Mahon then signed for Queens Park Rangers ahead of the 2008–09 season , following a successful loan spell the previous season . Injuries hampered the latter stages of his QPR career , and he was briefly loaned out to Crystal Palace in March 2011 , although he did not make any appearances for the club . Mahon signed for Notts County on a free transfer in August 2011 . He was loaned to Stevenage in February 2013 , for the remainder of the 2012–13 campaign . Mahon left Notts County at the end of the season , and briefly joined Portsmouth in October 2013 for a one-month spell . He signed for Tamworth in December 2013 , playing for the club for the rest of the 2013–14 season in what was the final playing role of his football career . Playing career . Early career . Mahon began his career with Wolverhampton Wanderers , progressing through the youth ranks with the club and playing regularly for the youth team . He was released by Wolves at the end of the 1995–96 campaign , having made no first-team appearances . In July 1996 , he signed for Hereford United of Division Three on a free transfer , making his first professional appearance in the clubs 1–0 victory over Doncaster Rovers on 24 August 1996.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1996/1997></ref> Mahon scored the first goal of his career during the same season , in a 3–0 win against Rochdale . Despite featuring seven times during the early stages of the season , he did not make any further first-team appearances from November onwards , with Hereford suffering relegation to the Conference National at the end of the campaign . Mahon remained at Hereford for the 1997–98 season , playing in all 42 league matches as Hereford finished the season in sixth place . Brentford . In November 1998 , Mahon signed for Division Three side Brentford , joining for a nominal fee of £50,000 , which eventually increased to £130,000 under the terms of the deal . Mahon made his Brentford debut in the clubs 2–1 defeat to Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 21 November 1998 , and instantly became a permanent fixture in the sides midfield.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1997/1998></ref> He opened his goalscoring account for Brentford in the clubs first match of 1999 , scoring the third goal in a 3–1 win over Barnet at Griffin Park . His first season with the club proved to be a successful one , with Brentford earning promotion to Division Two as champions , winning the league by four points . Mahon made 32 appearances during the campaign , contributing with four goals . The 1999–00 season was Mahons first full season with the west London club , making 44 appearances in all competitions and scoring three times,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1999/2000></ref> as Brentford consolidated their place in Division Two with a mid-table finish . Mahon was almost ever-present during the 2000–01 season , making 51 appearances in league and cup competitions,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2000/2001></ref> as Brentford once again finished in mid-table . He scored once that season , restoring parity in an away game against Bristol City in December 2000 , a match that Brentford went on to win 2–1 . He was also named in the starting line-up for the first competitive final of his career , as Brentford lost 2–1 to Port Vale in the Football League Trophy Final . The campaign also witnessed the first red card of Mahons career , receiving the dismissal in the 83rd minute in a 1–0 home defeat to Swindon Town towards the latter stages of the season . His fourth straight season at Brentford started well , with the club going on an eight-match unbeaten start to the season.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2001/2002></ref> He made 39 appearances during the season , and was named Brentfords Player of the Year for the campaign despite leaving the west London club three months before the end of the season . During his three-and-a-half years at Brentford , Mahon made 166 appearances in all competitions , scoring eight goals . Watford . In March 2002 , Mahon signed for Division One side Watford for an initial fee of £150,000 . The move came about as a result of Watford reserve team manager Ray Lewington , who had previously signed Mahon at Brentford , recommending the player to new manager Gianluca Vialli . Vialli subsequently went to watch him play , and opted to make Mahon his first signing for the club . On signing for Watford , Mahon stated — As soon as I knew Watford were interested I was ready to jump at the chance . He made his Watford debut on 9 March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 away win over Crystal Palace . Mahon went on to make a further five appearances for the club during the remainder of the 2001–02 season . Ahead of the 2002–03 season , under the management of Lewington once again following Viallis sacking , Mahon was one of several players who took a voluntary pay cut as a result Watfords financial troubles . Shortly before the start of pre-season , it was announced that Mahon was going to miss the opening months of the new campaign after sustaining a knee injury in May 2002 . He returned to first-team action in the clubs 2–1 win over Burnley at Vicarage Road on 30 November 2002 , and went on to make a total of 22 appearances during the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2002/2003></ref> Five of those appearances were in Watfords FA Cup run , as they narrowly lost 2–1 in the semi-final to Southampton at Villa Park . Mahon played in the clubs opening game of the 2003–04 season , a 1–0 home win over Bournemouth in the League Cup , and remained ever-present during the first two months of the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2003/2004></ref> An injury in the clubs 1–0 away victory against Crewe Alexandra on 4 October 2003 ultimately ruled Mahon out for two months . In January 2004 , Mahon scored his first goal for Watford , scoring with a header to give the club a brief lead over Premier League side Chelsea in the Third Round of the FA Cup , in an eventual 2–2 draw . He added to his goal tally twice during the second half of the season , in home matches against Sunderland and Derby County respectively . The goals meant Mahon had scored three times during a season that produced another mid-table finish , making 36 appearances in all competitions . Shortly after the season had finished , he was voted as the clubs Player of the Season . Two months into the 2004–05 season , in October 2004 , it was announced that Mahon had signed a new three-year contract extension with the club , keeping him at Watford until 2007 . On Mahon signing the new deal , Lewington stated — Ive known Gavin a long time and it doesnt surprise me that hes become a very important part of our squad . He made 51 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2004/2005></ref> although did not get on the scoresheet , in what was a difficult year for the club . Watford narrowly staved off relegation by two points under the new management of Aidy Boothroyd , after picking up seven points from their final three matches . Following the departure of previous captain Sean Dyche , Mahon was appointed club captain ahead of the 2005–06 season . Watford began the season in positive fashion , with Mahon scoring his first goal of the new campaign in a 3–1 home win over Burnley on 20 August 2005 . He added to his tally in November that year when he scored Watfords first goal in a 2–1 away victory against Hull City , before also giving Watford an early lead in a comfortable 3–1 win against Southampton at St Marys in March 2006 . Watford exceeded all expectations during the season , with Mahons leadership and combative nature playing a key role in guiding Watfords young squad to a third-place finish . Mahon played in all three play-off matches as Watford firstly disposed of Crystal Palace 3–0 on aggregate , before defeating Leeds United by a 3–0 scoreline in the final at the Millennium Stadium in May 2006 . The victory meant Watford had earned promotion to the Premier League , in what was a memorable first season as captain for Mahon , making 43 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2005/2006></ref> Shortly after gaining promotion , in July 2006 , Mahon signed a two-year contract extension with the club . He subsequently started in the clubs first game since their return to the top flight , playing the whole match as Watford lost 2–1 to Everton at Goodison Park . Mahon made 38 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2006/2007></ref> scoring once with a fierce volley in a 4–2 win against Portsmouth , a goal that was nominated for Aprils Goal of the Month award . Watford were relegated back to the Championship after finishing in 20th position . The club made the FA Cup semi-final that campaign , losing 4–1 to Manchester United at Villa Park , with Mahon playing in three of Watfords five FA Cup ties that campaign . With the club back in the Championship for the 2007–08 season , Mahon continued to feature regularly during the first half of the season , making 19 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2007/2008></ref> However , in December 2007 , manager Aidy Boothroyd told Mahon that he wanted to build a squad that was ready for the Premier League , and that Mahon did not feature in his future plans . Mahon stated — I said to Aidy that I wanted to stay , at least until the end of the season . I wanted to get a second promotion in three years on my CV . Aidy explained his reasons why , and I have no grudges with him for that . Mahon left Watford when the club were in first place in the Championship , although they would ultimately finish in sixth position . Boothroyd later stated that he regretted letting Mahon leave too early . During his five-and-a-half-year spell with Watford , Mahon made 215 appearances and scored seven goals . Queens Park Rangers . Mahon subsequently joined Championship rivals Queens Park Rangers on an emergency loan basis on 31 December 2007 , with a view to a permanent transfer at the end of the season . QPR beat four or five other Championship sides to his signature . Watford received an initial payment of £200,000 for Mahon , with an additional £50,000 due on further clauses . Although disappointed by his sudden exit at Watford , Mahon stated it was a very exciting time to be joining QPR , and that the ambition and drive of the board and the new investors really impressed me and Im delighted to be here . He made his debut a day after signing , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute in the clubs 3–1 win over Leicester City at Loftus Road . Mahon went on to score his first goal for the club on 12 February 2008 , netting the opening goal of the match as QPR squandered a two-goal lead to lose 4–2 at home to Burnley . He made 17 appearances during the second half of the season , with QPR finishing the season in 14th place . Mahon signed for the club on a permanent basis at the end of the season . Under the new management of Iain Dowie , Mahon and QPR began the 2008–09 campaign with five victories in their first six matches.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2008/2009></ref> Mahon scored his first goal of the season in a 1–0 home victory over Cardiff City in November 2008 , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute , before scoring a headed goal against a nine-man Cardiff side with just 10 minutes remaining . The goal was highlighted in the BBC documentary The Four Year Plan , as joint-owner Flavio Briatore ordered sporting director Gianni Paladini into going down to the touchline to order caretaker manager Gareth Ainsworth to bring Gavin Mahon off the bench . Mahon promptly scores a last gasp winner and Briatore , his football genius now proven , erupts in a mixture of self-righteous anger and joy in the directors box . His second goal of the season came in April 2009 , scoring with a diving header to equalise proceedings after QPR had trailed by two goals to Sheffield Wednesday — with Mahon atoning for his earlier own goal . QPR went on to win the match 3–2 , all of their goals coming in the last half-hour of the match . He played under three different managers during the season , making 40 appearances as the club finished in mid-table . Mahon started in QPRs opening game of the 2009–10 season on 8 August 2009 , playing the whole match as the club drew 1–1 at home to Blackpool . He played regularly in the opening months of the campaign , making nine appearances in all competitions , scoring once , with QPR winning seven of the games.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2009/2010></ref> However , he suffered a knee injury in November 2009 , which would ultimately rule him out for the remainder of the season . With Mahons contract expiring at the end of the season , manager Neil Warnock stated — Hell probably come back and do a pre-season with us and try and show me what he can do . Ive always liked Gavin , weve just got to wait and see whos available . Despite being released at the 2009–10 campaign , he re-joined the club in October 2010 on a one-month deal , describing the move as being like a trial . Although he did not make any further first-team appearances for QPR , the monthly deal was extended on four separate occasions . He joined Championship side Crystal Palace on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season on 24 March 2011 . On the loan deal , Mahon stated — Im very much pleased to have joined . Its been stop-start for me this season and I need to be playing in and amongst the first team . If I can give some input off the pitch as well as on it that will be great . However , he did not make any appearances during the loan spell and returned to his parent club in May 2011 . A month after his return , it was announced that Mahon was one of eight players to be released by QPR . During his time at the club , he scored four goals in 66 appearances . Notts County . Ahead of the 2011–12 season , Mahon joined up with former club Watford for pre-season training in order to regain fitness ahead of the new campaign . Although no move materialised , he featured for Watford against Brentford in a friendly at the end of July 2011 , and stated he really appreciated the opportunity Watford gave him to train with the club . Two weeks into the new season , on 25 August 2011 , Mahon signed for League One side Notts County on an initial pay-as-you-play deal . He made his debut for the club two days later as Notts County lost 2–0 away to Preston North End . Mahon impressed during his first month with the club , and stated manager Martin Allen wished to secure a longer deal for the player — The manager called me a few weeks ago and said hed like to try to extend the deal to the end of the season . In October 2011 , Mahon signed an 18-month contract , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2013 . He was described as a pivotal player in Notts Countys season , and went on to make 34 appearances as County narrowly missed out on a play-off place on goal difference.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2011/2012></ref> At the end of the season , Notts County announced that they wished to retain Mahons services , and the player was offered a new one-year contract , which he signed in June 2012 . Mahon began his second season at Notts County featuring predominantly as a substitute , making six starting appearances and a further nine as a substitute during the first half of the season . In November 2012 , it was revealed that Mahon was the subject of loan bids from two League Two sides in the form of Bristol Rovers and Port Vale . He rejected the opportunity of going out on loan after County manager Keith Curle told him there was still of chance of him regaining his first-team place . However , two weeks later , Mahon stated he was prepared to leave Meadow Lane if he did not play more games — You do think like that sometimes , when you travel halfway across the country to get splinters in your backside , but thats football , you have to wait for your chance to come . I told him the last thing I want to do is leave a club like Notts , but when you get to my age you have got to play , especially if you want to go on and play next season . In February 2013 , Mahon joined fellow League One club Stevenage on a loan deal for the remainder of the 2012–13 season . He made his Stevenage debut in the clubs 2–1 away defeat to Shrewsbury Town on 23 February , playing the whole match . Mahon went on to make nine appearances for the club during the two-month loan spell.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2012/2013></ref> Mahon was released by Notts County at the end of the 2012–13 campaign . Portsmouth . Mahon was without a club for the first two months of the 2013–14 campaign , eventually signing for League Two side Portsmouth on a one-month deal on 4 October 2013 . He made his Portsmouth debut four days after signing , playing the whole match in a 2–1 Football League Trophy away win at Oxford United . Mahon was sent-off in a 2–1 loss to former club Stevenage in an FA Cup tie on 9 November 2013 , receiving a straight red card for an elbow on Filipe Morais . He made three appearances in total during his brief spell at Portsmouth , leaving upon the expiry of his contract on 28 November 2013.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2013/2014></ref> Tamworth . In December 2013 , Mahon joined Conference Premier side Tamworth on a short-term deal until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut for Tamworth in the clubs 2–0 home win over Halifax Town on 4 January 2014 , playing the whole match . Mahon featured regularly for Tamworth during the second half of the campaign , starting in all of the 23 games he played in . He left Tamworth upon the expiry of his contract in May 2014 . Ahead of the 2014–15 season , Mahon was invited to spend time on trial at Barnet , and he featured in a pre-season friendly fixture against Peterborough United in July 2014 . No move materialised and Mahon subsequently retired from playing , opting to work for a sports consultancy company . Style of play . Mahon was predominantly deployed as a defensive midfielder throughout his career . He was described by his former teammate at Notts County , Alan Judge , as being a pivotal point in the centre of midfield due to his desire to play the ball on the floor , as well as being calm on the ball . Personal life . Mahon has two children called Mia and Alfie . He supports Birmingham City . After his retirement from playing , Mahon joined the Stellar Group , a sports consultancy company . He undertakes the role of Football Intermediary , a position to help pass on his knowledge and understanding to younger players that have been signed by Stellar . Honours . Brentford - Division Three : 1998–99<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1998/1999></ref> Watford - Championship play-offs : 2005–06 Individual - Brentford Player of the Month : March 2001 - Watford Player of the Year : 2003–04

easy

Which team did Gavin Mahon play for from 1998 to 2002?

/wiki/Gavin_Mahon#P54#2

Gavin Mahon Gavin Andrew Mahon ( born 2 January 1977 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder . Mahon started his career as a trainee at Wolverhampton Wanderers , although he did not make any first-team appearances for the club . In July 1996 , he joined Hereford United on a free transfer , and went on to play two-and-a-half years of regular first-team football . Mahon signed for Brentford in November 1998 , for a fee that rose to £130,000 . He helped the club earn promotion from Division Three during the 1998–99 campaign , and went on to make over 150 appearances for the west London side . He joined Watford for £150,000 in March 2002 , and would later captain the club to promotion into the Premier League . Mahon then signed for Queens Park Rangers ahead of the 2008–09 season , following a successful loan spell the previous season . Injuries hampered the latter stages of his QPR career , and he was briefly loaned out to Crystal Palace in March 2011 , although he did not make any appearances for the club . Mahon signed for Notts County on a free transfer in August 2011 . He was loaned to Stevenage in February 2013 , for the remainder of the 2012–13 campaign . Mahon left Notts County at the end of the season , and briefly joined Portsmouth in October 2013 for a one-month spell . He signed for Tamworth in December 2013 , playing for the club for the rest of the 2013–14 season in what was the final playing role of his football career . Playing career . Early career . Mahon began his career with Wolverhampton Wanderers , progressing through the youth ranks with the club and playing regularly for the youth team . He was released by Wolves at the end of the 1995–96 campaign , having made no first-team appearances . In July 1996 , he signed for Hereford United of Division Three on a free transfer , making his first professional appearance in the clubs 1–0 victory over Doncaster Rovers on 24 August 1996.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1996/1997></ref> Mahon scored the first goal of his career during the same season , in a 3–0 win against Rochdale . Despite featuring seven times during the early stages of the season , he did not make any further first-team appearances from November onwards , with Hereford suffering relegation to the Conference National at the end of the campaign . Mahon remained at Hereford for the 1997–98 season , playing in all 42 league matches as Hereford finished the season in sixth place . Brentford . In November 1998 , Mahon signed for Division Three side Brentford , joining for a nominal fee of £50,000 , which eventually increased to £130,000 under the terms of the deal . Mahon made his Brentford debut in the clubs 2–1 defeat to Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 21 November 1998 , and instantly became a permanent fixture in the sides midfield.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1997/1998></ref> He opened his goalscoring account for Brentford in the clubs first match of 1999 , scoring the third goal in a 3–1 win over Barnet at Griffin Park . His first season with the club proved to be a successful one , with Brentford earning promotion to Division Two as champions , winning the league by four points . Mahon made 32 appearances during the campaign , contributing with four goals . The 1999–00 season was Mahons first full season with the west London club , making 44 appearances in all competitions and scoring three times,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1999/2000></ref> as Brentford consolidated their place in Division Two with a mid-table finish . Mahon was almost ever-present during the 2000–01 season , making 51 appearances in league and cup competitions,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2000/2001></ref> as Brentford once again finished in mid-table . He scored once that season , restoring parity in an away game against Bristol City in December 2000 , a match that Brentford went on to win 2–1 . He was also named in the starting line-up for the first competitive final of his career , as Brentford lost 2–1 to Port Vale in the Football League Trophy Final . The campaign also witnessed the first red card of Mahons career , receiving the dismissal in the 83rd minute in a 1–0 home defeat to Swindon Town towards the latter stages of the season . His fourth straight season at Brentford started well , with the club going on an eight-match unbeaten start to the season.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2001/2002></ref> He made 39 appearances during the season , and was named Brentfords Player of the Year for the campaign despite leaving the west London club three months before the end of the season . During his three-and-a-half years at Brentford , Mahon made 166 appearances in all competitions , scoring eight goals . Watford . In March 2002 , Mahon signed for Division One side Watford for an initial fee of £150,000 . The move came about as a result of Watford reserve team manager Ray Lewington , who had previously signed Mahon at Brentford , recommending the player to new manager Gianluca Vialli . Vialli subsequently went to watch him play , and opted to make Mahon his first signing for the club . On signing for Watford , Mahon stated — As soon as I knew Watford were interested I was ready to jump at the chance . He made his Watford debut on 9 March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 away win over Crystal Palace . Mahon went on to make a further five appearances for the club during the remainder of the 2001–02 season . Ahead of the 2002–03 season , under the management of Lewington once again following Viallis sacking , Mahon was one of several players who took a voluntary pay cut as a result Watfords financial troubles . Shortly before the start of pre-season , it was announced that Mahon was going to miss the opening months of the new campaign after sustaining a knee injury in May 2002 . He returned to first-team action in the clubs 2–1 win over Burnley at Vicarage Road on 30 November 2002 , and went on to make a total of 22 appearances during the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2002/2003></ref> Five of those appearances were in Watfords FA Cup run , as they narrowly lost 2–1 in the semi-final to Southampton at Villa Park . Mahon played in the clubs opening game of the 2003–04 season , a 1–0 home win over Bournemouth in the League Cup , and remained ever-present during the first two months of the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2003/2004></ref> An injury in the clubs 1–0 away victory against Crewe Alexandra on 4 October 2003 ultimately ruled Mahon out for two months . In January 2004 , Mahon scored his first goal for Watford , scoring with a header to give the club a brief lead over Premier League side Chelsea in the Third Round of the FA Cup , in an eventual 2–2 draw . He added to his goal tally twice during the second half of the season , in home matches against Sunderland and Derby County respectively . The goals meant Mahon had scored three times during a season that produced another mid-table finish , making 36 appearances in all competitions . Shortly after the season had finished , he was voted as the clubs Player of the Season . Two months into the 2004–05 season , in October 2004 , it was announced that Mahon had signed a new three-year contract extension with the club , keeping him at Watford until 2007 . On Mahon signing the new deal , Lewington stated — Ive known Gavin a long time and it doesnt surprise me that hes become a very important part of our squad . He made 51 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2004/2005></ref> although did not get on the scoresheet , in what was a difficult year for the club . Watford narrowly staved off relegation by two points under the new management of Aidy Boothroyd , after picking up seven points from their final three matches . Following the departure of previous captain Sean Dyche , Mahon was appointed club captain ahead of the 2005–06 season . Watford began the season in positive fashion , with Mahon scoring his first goal of the new campaign in a 3–1 home win over Burnley on 20 August 2005 . He added to his tally in November that year when he scored Watfords first goal in a 2–1 away victory against Hull City , before also giving Watford an early lead in a comfortable 3–1 win against Southampton at St Marys in March 2006 . Watford exceeded all expectations during the season , with Mahons leadership and combative nature playing a key role in guiding Watfords young squad to a third-place finish . Mahon played in all three play-off matches as Watford firstly disposed of Crystal Palace 3–0 on aggregate , before defeating Leeds United by a 3–0 scoreline in the final at the Millennium Stadium in May 2006 . The victory meant Watford had earned promotion to the Premier League , in what was a memorable first season as captain for Mahon , making 43 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2005/2006></ref> Shortly after gaining promotion , in July 2006 , Mahon signed a two-year contract extension with the club . He subsequently started in the clubs first game since their return to the top flight , playing the whole match as Watford lost 2–1 to Everton at Goodison Park . Mahon made 38 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2006/2007></ref> scoring once with a fierce volley in a 4–2 win against Portsmouth , a goal that was nominated for Aprils Goal of the Month award . Watford were relegated back to the Championship after finishing in 20th position . The club made the FA Cup semi-final that campaign , losing 4–1 to Manchester United at Villa Park , with Mahon playing in three of Watfords five FA Cup ties that campaign . With the club back in the Championship for the 2007–08 season , Mahon continued to feature regularly during the first half of the season , making 19 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2007/2008></ref> However , in December 2007 , manager Aidy Boothroyd told Mahon that he wanted to build a squad that was ready for the Premier League , and that Mahon did not feature in his future plans . Mahon stated — I said to Aidy that I wanted to stay , at least until the end of the season . I wanted to get a second promotion in three years on my CV . Aidy explained his reasons why , and I have no grudges with him for that . Mahon left Watford when the club were in first place in the Championship , although they would ultimately finish in sixth position . Boothroyd later stated that he regretted letting Mahon leave too early . During his five-and-a-half-year spell with Watford , Mahon made 215 appearances and scored seven goals . Queens Park Rangers . Mahon subsequently joined Championship rivals Queens Park Rangers on an emergency loan basis on 31 December 2007 , with a view to a permanent transfer at the end of the season . QPR beat four or five other Championship sides to his signature . Watford received an initial payment of £200,000 for Mahon , with an additional £50,000 due on further clauses . Although disappointed by his sudden exit at Watford , Mahon stated it was a very exciting time to be joining QPR , and that the ambition and drive of the board and the new investors really impressed me and Im delighted to be here . He made his debut a day after signing , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute in the clubs 3–1 win over Leicester City at Loftus Road . Mahon went on to score his first goal for the club on 12 February 2008 , netting the opening goal of the match as QPR squandered a two-goal lead to lose 4–2 at home to Burnley . He made 17 appearances during the second half of the season , with QPR finishing the season in 14th place . Mahon signed for the club on a permanent basis at the end of the season . Under the new management of Iain Dowie , Mahon and QPR began the 2008–09 campaign with five victories in their first six matches.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2008/2009></ref> Mahon scored his first goal of the season in a 1–0 home victory over Cardiff City in November 2008 , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute , before scoring a headed goal against a nine-man Cardiff side with just 10 minutes remaining . The goal was highlighted in the BBC documentary The Four Year Plan , as joint-owner Flavio Briatore ordered sporting director Gianni Paladini into going down to the touchline to order caretaker manager Gareth Ainsworth to bring Gavin Mahon off the bench . Mahon promptly scores a last gasp winner and Briatore , his football genius now proven , erupts in a mixture of self-righteous anger and joy in the directors box . His second goal of the season came in April 2009 , scoring with a diving header to equalise proceedings after QPR had trailed by two goals to Sheffield Wednesday — with Mahon atoning for his earlier own goal . QPR went on to win the match 3–2 , all of their goals coming in the last half-hour of the match . He played under three different managers during the season , making 40 appearances as the club finished in mid-table . Mahon started in QPRs opening game of the 2009–10 season on 8 August 2009 , playing the whole match as the club drew 1–1 at home to Blackpool . He played regularly in the opening months of the campaign , making nine appearances in all competitions , scoring once , with QPR winning seven of the games.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2009/2010></ref> However , he suffered a knee injury in November 2009 , which would ultimately rule him out for the remainder of the season . With Mahons contract expiring at the end of the season , manager Neil Warnock stated — Hell probably come back and do a pre-season with us and try and show me what he can do . Ive always liked Gavin , weve just got to wait and see whos available . Despite being released at the 2009–10 campaign , he re-joined the club in October 2010 on a one-month deal , describing the move as being like a trial . Although he did not make any further first-team appearances for QPR , the monthly deal was extended on four separate occasions . He joined Championship side Crystal Palace on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season on 24 March 2011 . On the loan deal , Mahon stated — Im very much pleased to have joined . Its been stop-start for me this season and I need to be playing in and amongst the first team . If I can give some input off the pitch as well as on it that will be great . However , he did not make any appearances during the loan spell and returned to his parent club in May 2011 . A month after his return , it was announced that Mahon was one of eight players to be released by QPR . During his time at the club , he scored four goals in 66 appearances . Notts County . Ahead of the 2011–12 season , Mahon joined up with former club Watford for pre-season training in order to regain fitness ahead of the new campaign . Although no move materialised , he featured for Watford against Brentford in a friendly at the end of July 2011 , and stated he really appreciated the opportunity Watford gave him to train with the club . Two weeks into the new season , on 25 August 2011 , Mahon signed for League One side Notts County on an initial pay-as-you-play deal . He made his debut for the club two days later as Notts County lost 2–0 away to Preston North End . Mahon impressed during his first month with the club , and stated manager Martin Allen wished to secure a longer deal for the player — The manager called me a few weeks ago and said hed like to try to extend the deal to the end of the season . In October 2011 , Mahon signed an 18-month contract , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2013 . He was described as a pivotal player in Notts Countys season , and went on to make 34 appearances as County narrowly missed out on a play-off place on goal difference.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2011/2012></ref> At the end of the season , Notts County announced that they wished to retain Mahons services , and the player was offered a new one-year contract , which he signed in June 2012 . Mahon began his second season at Notts County featuring predominantly as a substitute , making six starting appearances and a further nine as a substitute during the first half of the season . In November 2012 , it was revealed that Mahon was the subject of loan bids from two League Two sides in the form of Bristol Rovers and Port Vale . He rejected the opportunity of going out on loan after County manager Keith Curle told him there was still of chance of him regaining his first-team place . However , two weeks later , Mahon stated he was prepared to leave Meadow Lane if he did not play more games — You do think like that sometimes , when you travel halfway across the country to get splinters in your backside , but thats football , you have to wait for your chance to come . I told him the last thing I want to do is leave a club like Notts , but when you get to my age you have got to play , especially if you want to go on and play next season . In February 2013 , Mahon joined fellow League One club Stevenage on a loan deal for the remainder of the 2012–13 season . He made his Stevenage debut in the clubs 2–1 away defeat to Shrewsbury Town on 23 February , playing the whole match . Mahon went on to make nine appearances for the club during the two-month loan spell.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2012/2013></ref> Mahon was released by Notts County at the end of the 2012–13 campaign . Portsmouth . Mahon was without a club for the first two months of the 2013–14 campaign , eventually signing for League Two side Portsmouth on a one-month deal on 4 October 2013 . He made his Portsmouth debut four days after signing , playing the whole match in a 2–1 Football League Trophy away win at Oxford United . Mahon was sent-off in a 2–1 loss to former club Stevenage in an FA Cup tie on 9 November 2013 , receiving a straight red card for an elbow on Filipe Morais . He made three appearances in total during his brief spell at Portsmouth , leaving upon the expiry of his contract on 28 November 2013.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2013/2014></ref> Tamworth . In December 2013 , Mahon joined Conference Premier side Tamworth on a short-term deal until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut for Tamworth in the clubs 2–0 home win over Halifax Town on 4 January 2014 , playing the whole match . Mahon featured regularly for Tamworth during the second half of the campaign , starting in all of the 23 games he played in . He left Tamworth upon the expiry of his contract in May 2014 . Ahead of the 2014–15 season , Mahon was invited to spend time on trial at Barnet , and he featured in a pre-season friendly fixture against Peterborough United in July 2014 . No move materialised and Mahon subsequently retired from playing , opting to work for a sports consultancy company . Style of play . Mahon was predominantly deployed as a defensive midfielder throughout his career . He was described by his former teammate at Notts County , Alan Judge , as being a pivotal point in the centre of midfield due to his desire to play the ball on the floor , as well as being calm on the ball . Personal life . Mahon has two children called Mia and Alfie . He supports Birmingham City . After his retirement from playing , Mahon joined the Stellar Group , a sports consultancy company . He undertakes the role of Football Intermediary , a position to help pass on his knowledge and understanding to younger players that have been signed by Stellar . Honours . Brentford - Division Three : 1998–99<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1998/1999></ref> Watford - Championship play-offs : 2005–06 Individual - Brentford Player of the Month : March 2001 - Watford Player of the Year : 2003–04

easy

Which team did Gavin Mahon play for from 2002 to 2008?

/wiki/Gavin_Mahon#P54#3

Gavin Mahon Gavin Andrew Mahon ( born 2 January 1977 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder . Mahon started his career as a trainee at Wolverhampton Wanderers , although he did not make any first-team appearances for the club . In July 1996 , he joined Hereford United on a free transfer , and went on to play two-and-a-half years of regular first-team football . Mahon signed for Brentford in November 1998 , for a fee that rose to £130,000 . He helped the club earn promotion from Division Three during the 1998–99 campaign , and went on to make over 150 appearances for the west London side . He joined Watford for £150,000 in March 2002 , and would later captain the club to promotion into the Premier League . Mahon then signed for Queens Park Rangers ahead of the 2008–09 season , following a successful loan spell the previous season . Injuries hampered the latter stages of his QPR career , and he was briefly loaned out to Crystal Palace in March 2011 , although he did not make any appearances for the club . Mahon signed for Notts County on a free transfer in August 2011 . He was loaned to Stevenage in February 2013 , for the remainder of the 2012–13 campaign . Mahon left Notts County at the end of the season , and briefly joined Portsmouth in October 2013 for a one-month spell . He signed for Tamworth in December 2013 , playing for the club for the rest of the 2013–14 season in what was the final playing role of his football career . Playing career . Early career . Mahon began his career with Wolverhampton Wanderers , progressing through the youth ranks with the club and playing regularly for the youth team . He was released by Wolves at the end of the 1995–96 campaign , having made no first-team appearances . In July 1996 , he signed for Hereford United of Division Three on a free transfer , making his first professional appearance in the clubs 1–0 victory over Doncaster Rovers on 24 August 1996.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1996/1997></ref> Mahon scored the first goal of his career during the same season , in a 3–0 win against Rochdale . Despite featuring seven times during the early stages of the season , he did not make any further first-team appearances from November onwards , with Hereford suffering relegation to the Conference National at the end of the campaign . Mahon remained at Hereford for the 1997–98 season , playing in all 42 league matches as Hereford finished the season in sixth place . Brentford . In November 1998 , Mahon signed for Division Three side Brentford , joining for a nominal fee of £50,000 , which eventually increased to £130,000 under the terms of the deal . Mahon made his Brentford debut in the clubs 2–1 defeat to Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 21 November 1998 , and instantly became a permanent fixture in the sides midfield.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1997/1998></ref> He opened his goalscoring account for Brentford in the clubs first match of 1999 , scoring the third goal in a 3–1 win over Barnet at Griffin Park . His first season with the club proved to be a successful one , with Brentford earning promotion to Division Two as champions , winning the league by four points . Mahon made 32 appearances during the campaign , contributing with four goals . The 1999–00 season was Mahons first full season with the west London club , making 44 appearances in all competitions and scoring three times,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1999/2000></ref> as Brentford consolidated their place in Division Two with a mid-table finish . Mahon was almost ever-present during the 2000–01 season , making 51 appearances in league and cup competitions,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2000/2001></ref> as Brentford once again finished in mid-table . He scored once that season , restoring parity in an away game against Bristol City in December 2000 , a match that Brentford went on to win 2–1 . He was also named in the starting line-up for the first competitive final of his career , as Brentford lost 2–1 to Port Vale in the Football League Trophy Final . The campaign also witnessed the first red card of Mahons career , receiving the dismissal in the 83rd minute in a 1–0 home defeat to Swindon Town towards the latter stages of the season . His fourth straight season at Brentford started well , with the club going on an eight-match unbeaten start to the season.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2001/2002></ref> He made 39 appearances during the season , and was named Brentfords Player of the Year for the campaign despite leaving the west London club three months before the end of the season . During his three-and-a-half years at Brentford , Mahon made 166 appearances in all competitions , scoring eight goals . Watford . In March 2002 , Mahon signed for Division One side Watford for an initial fee of £150,000 . The move came about as a result of Watford reserve team manager Ray Lewington , who had previously signed Mahon at Brentford , recommending the player to new manager Gianluca Vialli . Vialli subsequently went to watch him play , and opted to make Mahon his first signing for the club . On signing for Watford , Mahon stated — As soon as I knew Watford were interested I was ready to jump at the chance . He made his Watford debut on 9 March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 away win over Crystal Palace . Mahon went on to make a further five appearances for the club during the remainder of the 2001–02 season . Ahead of the 2002–03 season , under the management of Lewington once again following Viallis sacking , Mahon was one of several players who took a voluntary pay cut as a result Watfords financial troubles . Shortly before the start of pre-season , it was announced that Mahon was going to miss the opening months of the new campaign after sustaining a knee injury in May 2002 . He returned to first-team action in the clubs 2–1 win over Burnley at Vicarage Road on 30 November 2002 , and went on to make a total of 22 appearances during the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2002/2003></ref> Five of those appearances were in Watfords FA Cup run , as they narrowly lost 2–1 in the semi-final to Southampton at Villa Park . Mahon played in the clubs opening game of the 2003–04 season , a 1–0 home win over Bournemouth in the League Cup , and remained ever-present during the first two months of the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2003/2004></ref> An injury in the clubs 1–0 away victory against Crewe Alexandra on 4 October 2003 ultimately ruled Mahon out for two months . In January 2004 , Mahon scored his first goal for Watford , scoring with a header to give the club a brief lead over Premier League side Chelsea in the Third Round of the FA Cup , in an eventual 2–2 draw . He added to his goal tally twice during the second half of the season , in home matches against Sunderland and Derby County respectively . The goals meant Mahon had scored three times during a season that produced another mid-table finish , making 36 appearances in all competitions . Shortly after the season had finished , he was voted as the clubs Player of the Season . Two months into the 2004–05 season , in October 2004 , it was announced that Mahon had signed a new three-year contract extension with the club , keeping him at Watford until 2007 . On Mahon signing the new deal , Lewington stated — Ive known Gavin a long time and it doesnt surprise me that hes become a very important part of our squad . He made 51 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2004/2005></ref> although did not get on the scoresheet , in what was a difficult year for the club . Watford narrowly staved off relegation by two points under the new management of Aidy Boothroyd , after picking up seven points from their final three matches . Following the departure of previous captain Sean Dyche , Mahon was appointed club captain ahead of the 2005–06 season . Watford began the season in positive fashion , with Mahon scoring his first goal of the new campaign in a 3–1 home win over Burnley on 20 August 2005 . He added to his tally in November that year when he scored Watfords first goal in a 2–1 away victory against Hull City , before also giving Watford an early lead in a comfortable 3–1 win against Southampton at St Marys in March 2006 . Watford exceeded all expectations during the season , with Mahons leadership and combative nature playing a key role in guiding Watfords young squad to a third-place finish . Mahon played in all three play-off matches as Watford firstly disposed of Crystal Palace 3–0 on aggregate , before defeating Leeds United by a 3–0 scoreline in the final at the Millennium Stadium in May 2006 . The victory meant Watford had earned promotion to the Premier League , in what was a memorable first season as captain for Mahon , making 43 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2005/2006></ref> Shortly after gaining promotion , in July 2006 , Mahon signed a two-year contract extension with the club . He subsequently started in the clubs first game since their return to the top flight , playing the whole match as Watford lost 2–1 to Everton at Goodison Park . Mahon made 38 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2006/2007></ref> scoring once with a fierce volley in a 4–2 win against Portsmouth , a goal that was nominated for Aprils Goal of the Month award . Watford were relegated back to the Championship after finishing in 20th position . The club made the FA Cup semi-final that campaign , losing 4–1 to Manchester United at Villa Park , with Mahon playing in three of Watfords five FA Cup ties that campaign . With the club back in the Championship for the 2007–08 season , Mahon continued to feature regularly during the first half of the season , making 19 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2007/2008></ref> However , in December 2007 , manager Aidy Boothroyd told Mahon that he wanted to build a squad that was ready for the Premier League , and that Mahon did not feature in his future plans . Mahon stated — I said to Aidy that I wanted to stay , at least until the end of the season . I wanted to get a second promotion in three years on my CV . Aidy explained his reasons why , and I have no grudges with him for that . Mahon left Watford when the club were in first place in the Championship , although they would ultimately finish in sixth position . Boothroyd later stated that he regretted letting Mahon leave too early . During his five-and-a-half-year spell with Watford , Mahon made 215 appearances and scored seven goals . Queens Park Rangers . Mahon subsequently joined Championship rivals Queens Park Rangers on an emergency loan basis on 31 December 2007 , with a view to a permanent transfer at the end of the season . QPR beat four or five other Championship sides to his signature . Watford received an initial payment of £200,000 for Mahon , with an additional £50,000 due on further clauses . Although disappointed by his sudden exit at Watford , Mahon stated it was a very exciting time to be joining QPR , and that the ambition and drive of the board and the new investors really impressed me and Im delighted to be here . He made his debut a day after signing , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute in the clubs 3–1 win over Leicester City at Loftus Road . Mahon went on to score his first goal for the club on 12 February 2008 , netting the opening goal of the match as QPR squandered a two-goal lead to lose 4–2 at home to Burnley . He made 17 appearances during the second half of the season , with QPR finishing the season in 14th place . Mahon signed for the club on a permanent basis at the end of the season . Under the new management of Iain Dowie , Mahon and QPR began the 2008–09 campaign with five victories in their first six matches.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2008/2009></ref> Mahon scored his first goal of the season in a 1–0 home victory over Cardiff City in November 2008 , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute , before scoring a headed goal against a nine-man Cardiff side with just 10 minutes remaining . The goal was highlighted in the BBC documentary The Four Year Plan , as joint-owner Flavio Briatore ordered sporting director Gianni Paladini into going down to the touchline to order caretaker manager Gareth Ainsworth to bring Gavin Mahon off the bench . Mahon promptly scores a last gasp winner and Briatore , his football genius now proven , erupts in a mixture of self-righteous anger and joy in the directors box . His second goal of the season came in April 2009 , scoring with a diving header to equalise proceedings after QPR had trailed by two goals to Sheffield Wednesday — with Mahon atoning for his earlier own goal . QPR went on to win the match 3–2 , all of their goals coming in the last half-hour of the match . He played under three different managers during the season , making 40 appearances as the club finished in mid-table . Mahon started in QPRs opening game of the 2009–10 season on 8 August 2009 , playing the whole match as the club drew 1–1 at home to Blackpool . He played regularly in the opening months of the campaign , making nine appearances in all competitions , scoring once , with QPR winning seven of the games.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2009/2010></ref> However , he suffered a knee injury in November 2009 , which would ultimately rule him out for the remainder of the season . With Mahons contract expiring at the end of the season , manager Neil Warnock stated — Hell probably come back and do a pre-season with us and try and show me what he can do . Ive always liked Gavin , weve just got to wait and see whos available . Despite being released at the 2009–10 campaign , he re-joined the club in October 2010 on a one-month deal , describing the move as being like a trial . Although he did not make any further first-team appearances for QPR , the monthly deal was extended on four separate occasions . He joined Championship side Crystal Palace on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season on 24 March 2011 . On the loan deal , Mahon stated — Im very much pleased to have joined . Its been stop-start for me this season and I need to be playing in and amongst the first team . If I can give some input off the pitch as well as on it that will be great . However , he did not make any appearances during the loan spell and returned to his parent club in May 2011 . A month after his return , it was announced that Mahon was one of eight players to be released by QPR . During his time at the club , he scored four goals in 66 appearances . Notts County . Ahead of the 2011–12 season , Mahon joined up with former club Watford for pre-season training in order to regain fitness ahead of the new campaign . Although no move materialised , he featured for Watford against Brentford in a friendly at the end of July 2011 , and stated he really appreciated the opportunity Watford gave him to train with the club . Two weeks into the new season , on 25 August 2011 , Mahon signed for League One side Notts County on an initial pay-as-you-play deal . He made his debut for the club two days later as Notts County lost 2–0 away to Preston North End . Mahon impressed during his first month with the club , and stated manager Martin Allen wished to secure a longer deal for the player — The manager called me a few weeks ago and said hed like to try to extend the deal to the end of the season . In October 2011 , Mahon signed an 18-month contract , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2013 . He was described as a pivotal player in Notts Countys season , and went on to make 34 appearances as County narrowly missed out on a play-off place on goal difference.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2011/2012></ref> At the end of the season , Notts County announced that they wished to retain Mahons services , and the player was offered a new one-year contract , which he signed in June 2012 . Mahon began his second season at Notts County featuring predominantly as a substitute , making six starting appearances and a further nine as a substitute during the first half of the season . In November 2012 , it was revealed that Mahon was the subject of loan bids from two League Two sides in the form of Bristol Rovers and Port Vale . He rejected the opportunity of going out on loan after County manager Keith Curle told him there was still of chance of him regaining his first-team place . However , two weeks later , Mahon stated he was prepared to leave Meadow Lane if he did not play more games — You do think like that sometimes , when you travel halfway across the country to get splinters in your backside , but thats football , you have to wait for your chance to come . I told him the last thing I want to do is leave a club like Notts , but when you get to my age you have got to play , especially if you want to go on and play next season . In February 2013 , Mahon joined fellow League One club Stevenage on a loan deal for the remainder of the 2012–13 season . He made his Stevenage debut in the clubs 2–1 away defeat to Shrewsbury Town on 23 February , playing the whole match . Mahon went on to make nine appearances for the club during the two-month loan spell.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2012/2013></ref> Mahon was released by Notts County at the end of the 2012–13 campaign . Portsmouth . Mahon was without a club for the first two months of the 2013–14 campaign , eventually signing for League Two side Portsmouth on a one-month deal on 4 October 2013 . He made his Portsmouth debut four days after signing , playing the whole match in a 2–1 Football League Trophy away win at Oxford United . Mahon was sent-off in a 2–1 loss to former club Stevenage in an FA Cup tie on 9 November 2013 , receiving a straight red card for an elbow on Filipe Morais . He made three appearances in total during his brief spell at Portsmouth , leaving upon the expiry of his contract on 28 November 2013.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2013/2014></ref> Tamworth . In December 2013 , Mahon joined Conference Premier side Tamworth on a short-term deal until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut for Tamworth in the clubs 2–0 home win over Halifax Town on 4 January 2014 , playing the whole match . Mahon featured regularly for Tamworth during the second half of the campaign , starting in all of the 23 games he played in . He left Tamworth upon the expiry of his contract in May 2014 . Ahead of the 2014–15 season , Mahon was invited to spend time on trial at Barnet , and he featured in a pre-season friendly fixture against Peterborough United in July 2014 . No move materialised and Mahon subsequently retired from playing , opting to work for a sports consultancy company . Style of play . Mahon was predominantly deployed as a defensive midfielder throughout his career . He was described by his former teammate at Notts County , Alan Judge , as being a pivotal point in the centre of midfield due to his desire to play the ball on the floor , as well as being calm on the ball . Personal life . Mahon has two children called Mia and Alfie . He supports Birmingham City . After his retirement from playing , Mahon joined the Stellar Group , a sports consultancy company . He undertakes the role of Football Intermediary , a position to help pass on his knowledge and understanding to younger players that have been signed by Stellar . Honours . Brentford - Division Three : 1998–99<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1998/1999></ref> Watford - Championship play-offs : 2005–06 Individual - Brentford Player of the Month : March 2001 - Watford Player of the Year : 2003–04

easy

Which team did the player Gavin Mahon belong to from 2008 to 2011?

/wiki/Gavin_Mahon#P54#4

Gavin Mahon Gavin Andrew Mahon ( born 2 January 1977 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder . Mahon started his career as a trainee at Wolverhampton Wanderers , although he did not make any first-team appearances for the club . In July 1996 , he joined Hereford United on a free transfer , and went on to play two-and-a-half years of regular first-team football . Mahon signed for Brentford in November 1998 , for a fee that rose to £130,000 . He helped the club earn promotion from Division Three during the 1998–99 campaign , and went on to make over 150 appearances for the west London side . He joined Watford for £150,000 in March 2002 , and would later captain the club to promotion into the Premier League . Mahon then signed for Queens Park Rangers ahead of the 2008–09 season , following a successful loan spell the previous season . Injuries hampered the latter stages of his QPR career , and he was briefly loaned out to Crystal Palace in March 2011 , although he did not make any appearances for the club . Mahon signed for Notts County on a free transfer in August 2011 . He was loaned to Stevenage in February 2013 , for the remainder of the 2012–13 campaign . Mahon left Notts County at the end of the season , and briefly joined Portsmouth in October 2013 for a one-month spell . He signed for Tamworth in December 2013 , playing for the club for the rest of the 2013–14 season in what was the final playing role of his football career . Playing career . Early career . Mahon began his career with Wolverhampton Wanderers , progressing through the youth ranks with the club and playing regularly for the youth team . He was released by Wolves at the end of the 1995–96 campaign , having made no first-team appearances . In July 1996 , he signed for Hereford United of Division Three on a free transfer , making his first professional appearance in the clubs 1–0 victory over Doncaster Rovers on 24 August 1996.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1996/1997></ref> Mahon scored the first goal of his career during the same season , in a 3–0 win against Rochdale . Despite featuring seven times during the early stages of the season , he did not make any further first-team appearances from November onwards , with Hereford suffering relegation to the Conference National at the end of the campaign . Mahon remained at Hereford for the 1997–98 season , playing in all 42 league matches as Hereford finished the season in sixth place . Brentford . In November 1998 , Mahon signed for Division Three side Brentford , joining for a nominal fee of £50,000 , which eventually increased to £130,000 under the terms of the deal . Mahon made his Brentford debut in the clubs 2–1 defeat to Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 21 November 1998 , and instantly became a permanent fixture in the sides midfield.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1997/1998></ref> He opened his goalscoring account for Brentford in the clubs first match of 1999 , scoring the third goal in a 3–1 win over Barnet at Griffin Park . His first season with the club proved to be a successful one , with Brentford earning promotion to Division Two as champions , winning the league by four points . Mahon made 32 appearances during the campaign , contributing with four goals . The 1999–00 season was Mahons first full season with the west London club , making 44 appearances in all competitions and scoring three times,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1999/2000></ref> as Brentford consolidated their place in Division Two with a mid-table finish . Mahon was almost ever-present during the 2000–01 season , making 51 appearances in league and cup competitions,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2000/2001></ref> as Brentford once again finished in mid-table . He scored once that season , restoring parity in an away game against Bristol City in December 2000 , a match that Brentford went on to win 2–1 . He was also named in the starting line-up for the first competitive final of his career , as Brentford lost 2–1 to Port Vale in the Football League Trophy Final . The campaign also witnessed the first red card of Mahons career , receiving the dismissal in the 83rd minute in a 1–0 home defeat to Swindon Town towards the latter stages of the season . His fourth straight season at Brentford started well , with the club going on an eight-match unbeaten start to the season.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2001/2002></ref> He made 39 appearances during the season , and was named Brentfords Player of the Year for the campaign despite leaving the west London club three months before the end of the season . During his three-and-a-half years at Brentford , Mahon made 166 appearances in all competitions , scoring eight goals . Watford . In March 2002 , Mahon signed for Division One side Watford for an initial fee of £150,000 . The move came about as a result of Watford reserve team manager Ray Lewington , who had previously signed Mahon at Brentford , recommending the player to new manager Gianluca Vialli . Vialli subsequently went to watch him play , and opted to make Mahon his first signing for the club . On signing for Watford , Mahon stated — As soon as I knew Watford were interested I was ready to jump at the chance . He made his Watford debut on 9 March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 away win over Crystal Palace . Mahon went on to make a further five appearances for the club during the remainder of the 2001–02 season . Ahead of the 2002–03 season , under the management of Lewington once again following Viallis sacking , Mahon was one of several players who took a voluntary pay cut as a result Watfords financial troubles . Shortly before the start of pre-season , it was announced that Mahon was going to miss the opening months of the new campaign after sustaining a knee injury in May 2002 . He returned to first-team action in the clubs 2–1 win over Burnley at Vicarage Road on 30 November 2002 , and went on to make a total of 22 appearances during the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2002/2003></ref> Five of those appearances were in Watfords FA Cup run , as they narrowly lost 2–1 in the semi-final to Southampton at Villa Park . Mahon played in the clubs opening game of the 2003–04 season , a 1–0 home win over Bournemouth in the League Cup , and remained ever-present during the first two months of the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2003/2004></ref> An injury in the clubs 1–0 away victory against Crewe Alexandra on 4 October 2003 ultimately ruled Mahon out for two months . In January 2004 , Mahon scored his first goal for Watford , scoring with a header to give the club a brief lead over Premier League side Chelsea in the Third Round of the FA Cup , in an eventual 2–2 draw . He added to his goal tally twice during the second half of the season , in home matches against Sunderland and Derby County respectively . The goals meant Mahon had scored three times during a season that produced another mid-table finish , making 36 appearances in all competitions . Shortly after the season had finished , he was voted as the clubs Player of the Season . Two months into the 2004–05 season , in October 2004 , it was announced that Mahon had signed a new three-year contract extension with the club , keeping him at Watford until 2007 . On Mahon signing the new deal , Lewington stated — Ive known Gavin a long time and it doesnt surprise me that hes become a very important part of our squad . He made 51 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2004/2005></ref> although did not get on the scoresheet , in what was a difficult year for the club . Watford narrowly staved off relegation by two points under the new management of Aidy Boothroyd , after picking up seven points from their final three matches . Following the departure of previous captain Sean Dyche , Mahon was appointed club captain ahead of the 2005–06 season . Watford began the season in positive fashion , with Mahon scoring his first goal of the new campaign in a 3–1 home win over Burnley on 20 August 2005 . He added to his tally in November that year when he scored Watfords first goal in a 2–1 away victory against Hull City , before also giving Watford an early lead in a comfortable 3–1 win against Southampton at St Marys in March 2006 . Watford exceeded all expectations during the season , with Mahons leadership and combative nature playing a key role in guiding Watfords young squad to a third-place finish . Mahon played in all three play-off matches as Watford firstly disposed of Crystal Palace 3–0 on aggregate , before defeating Leeds United by a 3–0 scoreline in the final at the Millennium Stadium in May 2006 . The victory meant Watford had earned promotion to the Premier League , in what was a memorable first season as captain for Mahon , making 43 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2005/2006></ref> Shortly after gaining promotion , in July 2006 , Mahon signed a two-year contract extension with the club . He subsequently started in the clubs first game since their return to the top flight , playing the whole match as Watford lost 2–1 to Everton at Goodison Park . Mahon made 38 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2006/2007></ref> scoring once with a fierce volley in a 4–2 win against Portsmouth , a goal that was nominated for Aprils Goal of the Month award . Watford were relegated back to the Championship after finishing in 20th position . The club made the FA Cup semi-final that campaign , losing 4–1 to Manchester United at Villa Park , with Mahon playing in three of Watfords five FA Cup ties that campaign . With the club back in the Championship for the 2007–08 season , Mahon continued to feature regularly during the first half of the season , making 19 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2007/2008></ref> However , in December 2007 , manager Aidy Boothroyd told Mahon that he wanted to build a squad that was ready for the Premier League , and that Mahon did not feature in his future plans . Mahon stated — I said to Aidy that I wanted to stay , at least until the end of the season . I wanted to get a second promotion in three years on my CV . Aidy explained his reasons why , and I have no grudges with him for that . Mahon left Watford when the club were in first place in the Championship , although they would ultimately finish in sixth position . Boothroyd later stated that he regretted letting Mahon leave too early . During his five-and-a-half-year spell with Watford , Mahon made 215 appearances and scored seven goals . Queens Park Rangers . Mahon subsequently joined Championship rivals Queens Park Rangers on an emergency loan basis on 31 December 2007 , with a view to a permanent transfer at the end of the season . QPR beat four or five other Championship sides to his signature . Watford received an initial payment of £200,000 for Mahon , with an additional £50,000 due on further clauses . Although disappointed by his sudden exit at Watford , Mahon stated it was a very exciting time to be joining QPR , and that the ambition and drive of the board and the new investors really impressed me and Im delighted to be here . He made his debut a day after signing , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute in the clubs 3–1 win over Leicester City at Loftus Road . Mahon went on to score his first goal for the club on 12 February 2008 , netting the opening goal of the match as QPR squandered a two-goal lead to lose 4–2 at home to Burnley . He made 17 appearances during the second half of the season , with QPR finishing the season in 14th place . Mahon signed for the club on a permanent basis at the end of the season . Under the new management of Iain Dowie , Mahon and QPR began the 2008–09 campaign with five victories in their first six matches.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2008/2009></ref> Mahon scored his first goal of the season in a 1–0 home victory over Cardiff City in November 2008 , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute , before scoring a headed goal against a nine-man Cardiff side with just 10 minutes remaining . The goal was highlighted in the BBC documentary The Four Year Plan , as joint-owner Flavio Briatore ordered sporting director Gianni Paladini into going down to the touchline to order caretaker manager Gareth Ainsworth to bring Gavin Mahon off the bench . Mahon promptly scores a last gasp winner and Briatore , his football genius now proven , erupts in a mixture of self-righteous anger and joy in the directors box . His second goal of the season came in April 2009 , scoring with a diving header to equalise proceedings after QPR had trailed by two goals to Sheffield Wednesday — with Mahon atoning for his earlier own goal . QPR went on to win the match 3–2 , all of their goals coming in the last half-hour of the match . He played under three different managers during the season , making 40 appearances as the club finished in mid-table . Mahon started in QPRs opening game of the 2009–10 season on 8 August 2009 , playing the whole match as the club drew 1–1 at home to Blackpool . He played regularly in the opening months of the campaign , making nine appearances in all competitions , scoring once , with QPR winning seven of the games.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2009/2010></ref> However , he suffered a knee injury in November 2009 , which would ultimately rule him out for the remainder of the season . With Mahons contract expiring at the end of the season , manager Neil Warnock stated — Hell probably come back and do a pre-season with us and try and show me what he can do . Ive always liked Gavin , weve just got to wait and see whos available . Despite being released at the 2009–10 campaign , he re-joined the club in October 2010 on a one-month deal , describing the move as being like a trial . Although he did not make any further first-team appearances for QPR , the monthly deal was extended on four separate occasions . He joined Championship side Crystal Palace on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season on 24 March 2011 . On the loan deal , Mahon stated — Im very much pleased to have joined . Its been stop-start for me this season and I need to be playing in and amongst the first team . If I can give some input off the pitch as well as on it that will be great . However , he did not make any appearances during the loan spell and returned to his parent club in May 2011 . A month after his return , it was announced that Mahon was one of eight players to be released by QPR . During his time at the club , he scored four goals in 66 appearances . Notts County . Ahead of the 2011–12 season , Mahon joined up with former club Watford for pre-season training in order to regain fitness ahead of the new campaign . Although no move materialised , he featured for Watford against Brentford in a friendly at the end of July 2011 , and stated he really appreciated the opportunity Watford gave him to train with the club . Two weeks into the new season , on 25 August 2011 , Mahon signed for League One side Notts County on an initial pay-as-you-play deal . He made his debut for the club two days later as Notts County lost 2–0 away to Preston North End . Mahon impressed during his first month with the club , and stated manager Martin Allen wished to secure a longer deal for the player — The manager called me a few weeks ago and said hed like to try to extend the deal to the end of the season . In October 2011 , Mahon signed an 18-month contract , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2013 . He was described as a pivotal player in Notts Countys season , and went on to make 34 appearances as County narrowly missed out on a play-off place on goal difference.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2011/2012></ref> At the end of the season , Notts County announced that they wished to retain Mahons services , and the player was offered a new one-year contract , which he signed in June 2012 . Mahon began his second season at Notts County featuring predominantly as a substitute , making six starting appearances and a further nine as a substitute during the first half of the season . In November 2012 , it was revealed that Mahon was the subject of loan bids from two League Two sides in the form of Bristol Rovers and Port Vale . He rejected the opportunity of going out on loan after County manager Keith Curle told him there was still of chance of him regaining his first-team place . However , two weeks later , Mahon stated he was prepared to leave Meadow Lane if he did not play more games — You do think like that sometimes , when you travel halfway across the country to get splinters in your backside , but thats football , you have to wait for your chance to come . I told him the last thing I want to do is leave a club like Notts , but when you get to my age you have got to play , especially if you want to go on and play next season . In February 2013 , Mahon joined fellow League One club Stevenage on a loan deal for the remainder of the 2012–13 season . He made his Stevenage debut in the clubs 2–1 away defeat to Shrewsbury Town on 23 February , playing the whole match . Mahon went on to make nine appearances for the club during the two-month loan spell.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2012/2013></ref> Mahon was released by Notts County at the end of the 2012–13 campaign . Portsmouth . Mahon was without a club for the first two months of the 2013–14 campaign , eventually signing for League Two side Portsmouth on a one-month deal on 4 October 2013 . He made his Portsmouth debut four days after signing , playing the whole match in a 2–1 Football League Trophy away win at Oxford United . Mahon was sent-off in a 2–1 loss to former club Stevenage in an FA Cup tie on 9 November 2013 , receiving a straight red card for an elbow on Filipe Morais . He made three appearances in total during his brief spell at Portsmouth , leaving upon the expiry of his contract on 28 November 2013.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2013/2014></ref> Tamworth . In December 2013 , Mahon joined Conference Premier side Tamworth on a short-term deal until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut for Tamworth in the clubs 2–0 home win over Halifax Town on 4 January 2014 , playing the whole match . Mahon featured regularly for Tamworth during the second half of the campaign , starting in all of the 23 games he played in . He left Tamworth upon the expiry of his contract in May 2014 . Ahead of the 2014–15 season , Mahon was invited to spend time on trial at Barnet , and he featured in a pre-season friendly fixture against Peterborough United in July 2014 . No move materialised and Mahon subsequently retired from playing , opting to work for a sports consultancy company . Style of play . Mahon was predominantly deployed as a defensive midfielder throughout his career . He was described by his former teammate at Notts County , Alan Judge , as being a pivotal point in the centre of midfield due to his desire to play the ball on the floor , as well as being calm on the ball . Personal life . Mahon has two children called Mia and Alfie . He supports Birmingham City . After his retirement from playing , Mahon joined the Stellar Group , a sports consultancy company . He undertakes the role of Football Intermediary , a position to help pass on his knowledge and understanding to younger players that have been signed by Stellar . Honours . Brentford - Division Three : 1998–99<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1998/1999></ref> Watford - Championship play-offs : 2005–06 Individual - Brentford Player of the Month : March 2001 - Watford Player of the Year : 2003–04

easy

Gavin Mahon played for which team from 2011 to 2013?

/wiki/Gavin_Mahon#P54#5

Gavin Mahon Gavin Andrew Mahon ( born 2 January 1977 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder . Mahon started his career as a trainee at Wolverhampton Wanderers , although he did not make any first-team appearances for the club . In July 1996 , he joined Hereford United on a free transfer , and went on to play two-and-a-half years of regular first-team football . Mahon signed for Brentford in November 1998 , for a fee that rose to £130,000 . He helped the club earn promotion from Division Three during the 1998–99 campaign , and went on to make over 150 appearances for the west London side . He joined Watford for £150,000 in March 2002 , and would later captain the club to promotion into the Premier League . Mahon then signed for Queens Park Rangers ahead of the 2008–09 season , following a successful loan spell the previous season . Injuries hampered the latter stages of his QPR career , and he was briefly loaned out to Crystal Palace in March 2011 , although he did not make any appearances for the club . Mahon signed for Notts County on a free transfer in August 2011 . He was loaned to Stevenage in February 2013 , for the remainder of the 2012–13 campaign . Mahon left Notts County at the end of the season , and briefly joined Portsmouth in October 2013 for a one-month spell . He signed for Tamworth in December 2013 , playing for the club for the rest of the 2013–14 season in what was the final playing role of his football career . Playing career . Early career . Mahon began his career with Wolverhampton Wanderers , progressing through the youth ranks with the club and playing regularly for the youth team . He was released by Wolves at the end of the 1995–96 campaign , having made no first-team appearances . In July 1996 , he signed for Hereford United of Division Three on a free transfer , making his first professional appearance in the clubs 1–0 victory over Doncaster Rovers on 24 August 1996.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1996/1997></ref> Mahon scored the first goal of his career during the same season , in a 3–0 win against Rochdale . Despite featuring seven times during the early stages of the season , he did not make any further first-team appearances from November onwards , with Hereford suffering relegation to the Conference National at the end of the campaign . Mahon remained at Hereford for the 1997–98 season , playing in all 42 league matches as Hereford finished the season in sixth place . Brentford . In November 1998 , Mahon signed for Division Three side Brentford , joining for a nominal fee of £50,000 , which eventually increased to £130,000 under the terms of the deal . Mahon made his Brentford debut in the clubs 2–1 defeat to Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 21 November 1998 , and instantly became a permanent fixture in the sides midfield.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1997/1998></ref> He opened his goalscoring account for Brentford in the clubs first match of 1999 , scoring the third goal in a 3–1 win over Barnet at Griffin Park . His first season with the club proved to be a successful one , with Brentford earning promotion to Division Two as champions , winning the league by four points . Mahon made 32 appearances during the campaign , contributing with four goals . The 1999–00 season was Mahons first full season with the west London club , making 44 appearances in all competitions and scoring three times,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1999/2000></ref> as Brentford consolidated their place in Division Two with a mid-table finish . Mahon was almost ever-present during the 2000–01 season , making 51 appearances in league and cup competitions,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2000/2001></ref> as Brentford once again finished in mid-table . He scored once that season , restoring parity in an away game against Bristol City in December 2000 , a match that Brentford went on to win 2–1 . He was also named in the starting line-up for the first competitive final of his career , as Brentford lost 2–1 to Port Vale in the Football League Trophy Final . The campaign also witnessed the first red card of Mahons career , receiving the dismissal in the 83rd minute in a 1–0 home defeat to Swindon Town towards the latter stages of the season . His fourth straight season at Brentford started well , with the club going on an eight-match unbeaten start to the season.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2001/2002></ref> He made 39 appearances during the season , and was named Brentfords Player of the Year for the campaign despite leaving the west London club three months before the end of the season . During his three-and-a-half years at Brentford , Mahon made 166 appearances in all competitions , scoring eight goals . Watford . In March 2002 , Mahon signed for Division One side Watford for an initial fee of £150,000 . The move came about as a result of Watford reserve team manager Ray Lewington , who had previously signed Mahon at Brentford , recommending the player to new manager Gianluca Vialli . Vialli subsequently went to watch him play , and opted to make Mahon his first signing for the club . On signing for Watford , Mahon stated — As soon as I knew Watford were interested I was ready to jump at the chance . He made his Watford debut on 9 March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 away win over Crystal Palace . Mahon went on to make a further five appearances for the club during the remainder of the 2001–02 season . Ahead of the 2002–03 season , under the management of Lewington once again following Viallis sacking , Mahon was one of several players who took a voluntary pay cut as a result Watfords financial troubles . Shortly before the start of pre-season , it was announced that Mahon was going to miss the opening months of the new campaign after sustaining a knee injury in May 2002 . He returned to first-team action in the clubs 2–1 win over Burnley at Vicarage Road on 30 November 2002 , and went on to make a total of 22 appearances during the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2002/2003></ref> Five of those appearances were in Watfords FA Cup run , as they narrowly lost 2–1 in the semi-final to Southampton at Villa Park . Mahon played in the clubs opening game of the 2003–04 season , a 1–0 home win over Bournemouth in the League Cup , and remained ever-present during the first two months of the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2003/2004></ref> An injury in the clubs 1–0 away victory against Crewe Alexandra on 4 October 2003 ultimately ruled Mahon out for two months . In January 2004 , Mahon scored his first goal for Watford , scoring with a header to give the club a brief lead over Premier League side Chelsea in the Third Round of the FA Cup , in an eventual 2–2 draw . He added to his goal tally twice during the second half of the season , in home matches against Sunderland and Derby County respectively . The goals meant Mahon had scored three times during a season that produced another mid-table finish , making 36 appearances in all competitions . Shortly after the season had finished , he was voted as the clubs Player of the Season . Two months into the 2004–05 season , in October 2004 , it was announced that Mahon had signed a new three-year contract extension with the club , keeping him at Watford until 2007 . On Mahon signing the new deal , Lewington stated — Ive known Gavin a long time and it doesnt surprise me that hes become a very important part of our squad . He made 51 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2004/2005></ref> although did not get on the scoresheet , in what was a difficult year for the club . Watford narrowly staved off relegation by two points under the new management of Aidy Boothroyd , after picking up seven points from their final three matches . Following the departure of previous captain Sean Dyche , Mahon was appointed club captain ahead of the 2005–06 season . Watford began the season in positive fashion , with Mahon scoring his first goal of the new campaign in a 3–1 home win over Burnley on 20 August 2005 . He added to his tally in November that year when he scored Watfords first goal in a 2–1 away victory against Hull City , before also giving Watford an early lead in a comfortable 3–1 win against Southampton at St Marys in March 2006 . Watford exceeded all expectations during the season , with Mahons leadership and combative nature playing a key role in guiding Watfords young squad to a third-place finish . Mahon played in all three play-off matches as Watford firstly disposed of Crystal Palace 3–0 on aggregate , before defeating Leeds United by a 3–0 scoreline in the final at the Millennium Stadium in May 2006 . The victory meant Watford had earned promotion to the Premier League , in what was a memorable first season as captain for Mahon , making 43 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2005/2006></ref> Shortly after gaining promotion , in July 2006 , Mahon signed a two-year contract extension with the club . He subsequently started in the clubs first game since their return to the top flight , playing the whole match as Watford lost 2–1 to Everton at Goodison Park . Mahon made 38 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2006/2007></ref> scoring once with a fierce volley in a 4–2 win against Portsmouth , a goal that was nominated for Aprils Goal of the Month award . Watford were relegated back to the Championship after finishing in 20th position . The club made the FA Cup semi-final that campaign , losing 4–1 to Manchester United at Villa Park , with Mahon playing in three of Watfords five FA Cup ties that campaign . With the club back in the Championship for the 2007–08 season , Mahon continued to feature regularly during the first half of the season , making 19 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2007/2008></ref> However , in December 2007 , manager Aidy Boothroyd told Mahon that he wanted to build a squad that was ready for the Premier League , and that Mahon did not feature in his future plans . Mahon stated — I said to Aidy that I wanted to stay , at least until the end of the season . I wanted to get a second promotion in three years on my CV . Aidy explained his reasons why , and I have no grudges with him for that . Mahon left Watford when the club were in first place in the Championship , although they would ultimately finish in sixth position . Boothroyd later stated that he regretted letting Mahon leave too early . During his five-and-a-half-year spell with Watford , Mahon made 215 appearances and scored seven goals . Queens Park Rangers . Mahon subsequently joined Championship rivals Queens Park Rangers on an emergency loan basis on 31 December 2007 , with a view to a permanent transfer at the end of the season . QPR beat four or five other Championship sides to his signature . Watford received an initial payment of £200,000 for Mahon , with an additional £50,000 due on further clauses . Although disappointed by his sudden exit at Watford , Mahon stated it was a very exciting time to be joining QPR , and that the ambition and drive of the board and the new investors really impressed me and Im delighted to be here . He made his debut a day after signing , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute in the clubs 3–1 win over Leicester City at Loftus Road . Mahon went on to score his first goal for the club on 12 February 2008 , netting the opening goal of the match as QPR squandered a two-goal lead to lose 4–2 at home to Burnley . He made 17 appearances during the second half of the season , with QPR finishing the season in 14th place . Mahon signed for the club on a permanent basis at the end of the season . Under the new management of Iain Dowie , Mahon and QPR began the 2008–09 campaign with five victories in their first six matches.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2008/2009></ref> Mahon scored his first goal of the season in a 1–0 home victory over Cardiff City in November 2008 , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute , before scoring a headed goal against a nine-man Cardiff side with just 10 minutes remaining . The goal was highlighted in the BBC documentary The Four Year Plan , as joint-owner Flavio Briatore ordered sporting director Gianni Paladini into going down to the touchline to order caretaker manager Gareth Ainsworth to bring Gavin Mahon off the bench . Mahon promptly scores a last gasp winner and Briatore , his football genius now proven , erupts in a mixture of self-righteous anger and joy in the directors box . His second goal of the season came in April 2009 , scoring with a diving header to equalise proceedings after QPR had trailed by two goals to Sheffield Wednesday — with Mahon atoning for his earlier own goal . QPR went on to win the match 3–2 , all of their goals coming in the last half-hour of the match . He played under three different managers during the season , making 40 appearances as the club finished in mid-table . Mahon started in QPRs opening game of the 2009–10 season on 8 August 2009 , playing the whole match as the club drew 1–1 at home to Blackpool . He played regularly in the opening months of the campaign , making nine appearances in all competitions , scoring once , with QPR winning seven of the games.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2009/2010></ref> However , he suffered a knee injury in November 2009 , which would ultimately rule him out for the remainder of the season . With Mahons contract expiring at the end of the season , manager Neil Warnock stated — Hell probably come back and do a pre-season with us and try and show me what he can do . Ive always liked Gavin , weve just got to wait and see whos available . Despite being released at the 2009–10 campaign , he re-joined the club in October 2010 on a one-month deal , describing the move as being like a trial . Although he did not make any further first-team appearances for QPR , the monthly deal was extended on four separate occasions . He joined Championship side Crystal Palace on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season on 24 March 2011 . On the loan deal , Mahon stated — Im very much pleased to have joined . Its been stop-start for me this season and I need to be playing in and amongst the first team . If I can give some input off the pitch as well as on it that will be great . However , he did not make any appearances during the loan spell and returned to his parent club in May 2011 . A month after his return , it was announced that Mahon was one of eight players to be released by QPR . During his time at the club , he scored four goals in 66 appearances . Notts County . Ahead of the 2011–12 season , Mahon joined up with former club Watford for pre-season training in order to regain fitness ahead of the new campaign . Although no move materialised , he featured for Watford against Brentford in a friendly at the end of July 2011 , and stated he really appreciated the opportunity Watford gave him to train with the club . Two weeks into the new season , on 25 August 2011 , Mahon signed for League One side Notts County on an initial pay-as-you-play deal . He made his debut for the club two days later as Notts County lost 2–0 away to Preston North End . Mahon impressed during his first month with the club , and stated manager Martin Allen wished to secure a longer deal for the player — The manager called me a few weeks ago and said hed like to try to extend the deal to the end of the season . In October 2011 , Mahon signed an 18-month contract , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2013 . He was described as a pivotal player in Notts Countys season , and went on to make 34 appearances as County narrowly missed out on a play-off place on goal difference.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2011/2012></ref> At the end of the season , Notts County announced that they wished to retain Mahons services , and the player was offered a new one-year contract , which he signed in June 2012 . Mahon began his second season at Notts County featuring predominantly as a substitute , making six starting appearances and a further nine as a substitute during the first half of the season . In November 2012 , it was revealed that Mahon was the subject of loan bids from two League Two sides in the form of Bristol Rovers and Port Vale . He rejected the opportunity of going out on loan after County manager Keith Curle told him there was still of chance of him regaining his first-team place . However , two weeks later , Mahon stated he was prepared to leave Meadow Lane if he did not play more games — You do think like that sometimes , when you travel halfway across the country to get splinters in your backside , but thats football , you have to wait for your chance to come . I told him the last thing I want to do is leave a club like Notts , but when you get to my age you have got to play , especially if you want to go on and play next season . In February 2013 , Mahon joined fellow League One club Stevenage on a loan deal for the remainder of the 2012–13 season . He made his Stevenage debut in the clubs 2–1 away defeat to Shrewsbury Town on 23 February , playing the whole match . Mahon went on to make nine appearances for the club during the two-month loan spell.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2012/2013></ref> Mahon was released by Notts County at the end of the 2012–13 campaign . Portsmouth . Mahon was without a club for the first two months of the 2013–14 campaign , eventually signing for League Two side Portsmouth on a one-month deal on 4 October 2013 . He made his Portsmouth debut four days after signing , playing the whole match in a 2–1 Football League Trophy away win at Oxford United . Mahon was sent-off in a 2–1 loss to former club Stevenage in an FA Cup tie on 9 November 2013 , receiving a straight red card for an elbow on Filipe Morais . He made three appearances in total during his brief spell at Portsmouth , leaving upon the expiry of his contract on 28 November 2013.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2013/2014></ref> Tamworth . In December 2013 , Mahon joined Conference Premier side Tamworth on a short-term deal until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut for Tamworth in the clubs 2–0 home win over Halifax Town on 4 January 2014 , playing the whole match . Mahon featured regularly for Tamworth during the second half of the campaign , starting in all of the 23 games he played in . He left Tamworth upon the expiry of his contract in May 2014 . Ahead of the 2014–15 season , Mahon was invited to spend time on trial at Barnet , and he featured in a pre-season friendly fixture against Peterborough United in July 2014 . No move materialised and Mahon subsequently retired from playing , opting to work for a sports consultancy company . Style of play . Mahon was predominantly deployed as a defensive midfielder throughout his career . He was described by his former teammate at Notts County , Alan Judge , as being a pivotal point in the centre of midfield due to his desire to play the ball on the floor , as well as being calm on the ball . Personal life . Mahon has two children called Mia and Alfie . He supports Birmingham City . After his retirement from playing , Mahon joined the Stellar Group , a sports consultancy company . He undertakes the role of Football Intermediary , a position to help pass on his knowledge and understanding to younger players that have been signed by Stellar . Honours . Brentford - Division Three : 1998–99<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1998/1999></ref> Watford - Championship play-offs : 2005–06 Individual - Brentford Player of the Month : March 2001 - Watford Player of the Year : 2003–04

easy

Which team did Gavin Mahon play for from 2013 to 2014?

/wiki/Gavin_Mahon#P54#6

Gavin Mahon Gavin Andrew Mahon ( born 2 January 1977 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder . Mahon started his career as a trainee at Wolverhampton Wanderers , although he did not make any first-team appearances for the club . In July 1996 , he joined Hereford United on a free transfer , and went on to play two-and-a-half years of regular first-team football . Mahon signed for Brentford in November 1998 , for a fee that rose to £130,000 . He helped the club earn promotion from Division Three during the 1998–99 campaign , and went on to make over 150 appearances for the west London side . He joined Watford for £150,000 in March 2002 , and would later captain the club to promotion into the Premier League . Mahon then signed for Queens Park Rangers ahead of the 2008–09 season , following a successful loan spell the previous season . Injuries hampered the latter stages of his QPR career , and he was briefly loaned out to Crystal Palace in March 2011 , although he did not make any appearances for the club . Mahon signed for Notts County on a free transfer in August 2011 . He was loaned to Stevenage in February 2013 , for the remainder of the 2012–13 campaign . Mahon left Notts County at the end of the season , and briefly joined Portsmouth in October 2013 for a one-month spell . He signed for Tamworth in December 2013 , playing for the club for the rest of the 2013–14 season in what was the final playing role of his football career . Playing career . Early career . Mahon began his career with Wolverhampton Wanderers , progressing through the youth ranks with the club and playing regularly for the youth team . He was released by Wolves at the end of the 1995–96 campaign , having made no first-team appearances . In July 1996 , he signed for Hereford United of Division Three on a free transfer , making his first professional appearance in the clubs 1–0 victory over Doncaster Rovers on 24 August 1996.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1996/1997></ref> Mahon scored the first goal of his career during the same season , in a 3–0 win against Rochdale . Despite featuring seven times during the early stages of the season , he did not make any further first-team appearances from November onwards , with Hereford suffering relegation to the Conference National at the end of the campaign . Mahon remained at Hereford for the 1997–98 season , playing in all 42 league matches as Hereford finished the season in sixth place . Brentford . In November 1998 , Mahon signed for Division Three side Brentford , joining for a nominal fee of £50,000 , which eventually increased to £130,000 under the terms of the deal . Mahon made his Brentford debut in the clubs 2–1 defeat to Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 21 November 1998 , and instantly became a permanent fixture in the sides midfield.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1997/1998></ref> He opened his goalscoring account for Brentford in the clubs first match of 1999 , scoring the third goal in a 3–1 win over Barnet at Griffin Park . His first season with the club proved to be a successful one , with Brentford earning promotion to Division Two as champions , winning the league by four points . Mahon made 32 appearances during the campaign , contributing with four goals . The 1999–00 season was Mahons first full season with the west London club , making 44 appearances in all competitions and scoring three times,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1999/2000></ref> as Brentford consolidated their place in Division Two with a mid-table finish . Mahon was almost ever-present during the 2000–01 season , making 51 appearances in league and cup competitions,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2000/2001></ref> as Brentford once again finished in mid-table . He scored once that season , restoring parity in an away game against Bristol City in December 2000 , a match that Brentford went on to win 2–1 . He was also named in the starting line-up for the first competitive final of his career , as Brentford lost 2–1 to Port Vale in the Football League Trophy Final . The campaign also witnessed the first red card of Mahons career , receiving the dismissal in the 83rd minute in a 1–0 home defeat to Swindon Town towards the latter stages of the season . His fourth straight season at Brentford started well , with the club going on an eight-match unbeaten start to the season.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2001/2002></ref> He made 39 appearances during the season , and was named Brentfords Player of the Year for the campaign despite leaving the west London club three months before the end of the season . During his three-and-a-half years at Brentford , Mahon made 166 appearances in all competitions , scoring eight goals . Watford . In March 2002 , Mahon signed for Division One side Watford for an initial fee of £150,000 . The move came about as a result of Watford reserve team manager Ray Lewington , who had previously signed Mahon at Brentford , recommending the player to new manager Gianluca Vialli . Vialli subsequently went to watch him play , and opted to make Mahon his first signing for the club . On signing for Watford , Mahon stated — As soon as I knew Watford were interested I was ready to jump at the chance . He made his Watford debut on 9 March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 away win over Crystal Palace . Mahon went on to make a further five appearances for the club during the remainder of the 2001–02 season . Ahead of the 2002–03 season , under the management of Lewington once again following Viallis sacking , Mahon was one of several players who took a voluntary pay cut as a result Watfords financial troubles . Shortly before the start of pre-season , it was announced that Mahon was going to miss the opening months of the new campaign after sustaining a knee injury in May 2002 . He returned to first-team action in the clubs 2–1 win over Burnley at Vicarage Road on 30 November 2002 , and went on to make a total of 22 appearances during the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2002/2003></ref> Five of those appearances were in Watfords FA Cup run , as they narrowly lost 2–1 in the semi-final to Southampton at Villa Park . Mahon played in the clubs opening game of the 2003–04 season , a 1–0 home win over Bournemouth in the League Cup , and remained ever-present during the first two months of the campaign.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2003/2004></ref> An injury in the clubs 1–0 away victory against Crewe Alexandra on 4 October 2003 ultimately ruled Mahon out for two months . In January 2004 , Mahon scored his first goal for Watford , scoring with a header to give the club a brief lead over Premier League side Chelsea in the Third Round of the FA Cup , in an eventual 2–2 draw . He added to his goal tally twice during the second half of the season , in home matches against Sunderland and Derby County respectively . The goals meant Mahon had scored three times during a season that produced another mid-table finish , making 36 appearances in all competitions . Shortly after the season had finished , he was voted as the clubs Player of the Season . Two months into the 2004–05 season , in October 2004 , it was announced that Mahon had signed a new three-year contract extension with the club , keeping him at Watford until 2007 . On Mahon signing the new deal , Lewington stated — Ive known Gavin a long time and it doesnt surprise me that hes become a very important part of our squad . He made 51 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2004/2005></ref> although did not get on the scoresheet , in what was a difficult year for the club . Watford narrowly staved off relegation by two points under the new management of Aidy Boothroyd , after picking up seven points from their final three matches . Following the departure of previous captain Sean Dyche , Mahon was appointed club captain ahead of the 2005–06 season . Watford began the season in positive fashion , with Mahon scoring his first goal of the new campaign in a 3–1 home win over Burnley on 20 August 2005 . He added to his tally in November that year when he scored Watfords first goal in a 2–1 away victory against Hull City , before also giving Watford an early lead in a comfortable 3–1 win against Southampton at St Marys in March 2006 . Watford exceeded all expectations during the season , with Mahons leadership and combative nature playing a key role in guiding Watfords young squad to a third-place finish . Mahon played in all three play-off matches as Watford firstly disposed of Crystal Palace 3–0 on aggregate , before defeating Leeds United by a 3–0 scoreline in the final at the Millennium Stadium in May 2006 . The victory meant Watford had earned promotion to the Premier League , in what was a memorable first season as captain for Mahon , making 43 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2005/2006></ref> Shortly after gaining promotion , in July 2006 , Mahon signed a two-year contract extension with the club . He subsequently started in the clubs first game since their return to the top flight , playing the whole match as Watford lost 2–1 to Everton at Goodison Park . Mahon made 38 appearances during the season,<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2006/2007></ref> scoring once with a fierce volley in a 4–2 win against Portsmouth , a goal that was nominated for Aprils Goal of the Month award . Watford were relegated back to the Championship after finishing in 20th position . The club made the FA Cup semi-final that campaign , losing 4–1 to Manchester United at Villa Park , with Mahon playing in three of Watfords five FA Cup ties that campaign . With the club back in the Championship for the 2007–08 season , Mahon continued to feature regularly during the first half of the season , making 19 appearances.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2007/2008></ref> However , in December 2007 , manager Aidy Boothroyd told Mahon that he wanted to build a squad that was ready for the Premier League , and that Mahon did not feature in his future plans . Mahon stated — I said to Aidy that I wanted to stay , at least until the end of the season . I wanted to get a second promotion in three years on my CV . Aidy explained his reasons why , and I have no grudges with him for that . Mahon left Watford when the club were in first place in the Championship , although they would ultimately finish in sixth position . Boothroyd later stated that he regretted letting Mahon leave too early . During his five-and-a-half-year spell with Watford , Mahon made 215 appearances and scored seven goals . Queens Park Rangers . Mahon subsequently joined Championship rivals Queens Park Rangers on an emergency loan basis on 31 December 2007 , with a view to a permanent transfer at the end of the season . QPR beat four or five other Championship sides to his signature . Watford received an initial payment of £200,000 for Mahon , with an additional £50,000 due on further clauses . Although disappointed by his sudden exit at Watford , Mahon stated it was a very exciting time to be joining QPR , and that the ambition and drive of the board and the new investors really impressed me and Im delighted to be here . He made his debut a day after signing , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute in the clubs 3–1 win over Leicester City at Loftus Road . Mahon went on to score his first goal for the club on 12 February 2008 , netting the opening goal of the match as QPR squandered a two-goal lead to lose 4–2 at home to Burnley . He made 17 appearances during the second half of the season , with QPR finishing the season in 14th place . Mahon signed for the club on a permanent basis at the end of the season . Under the new management of Iain Dowie , Mahon and QPR began the 2008–09 campaign with five victories in their first six matches.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2008/2009></ref> Mahon scored his first goal of the season in a 1–0 home victory over Cardiff City in November 2008 , coming on as a 67th-minute substitute , before scoring a headed goal against a nine-man Cardiff side with just 10 minutes remaining . The goal was highlighted in the BBC documentary The Four Year Plan , as joint-owner Flavio Briatore ordered sporting director Gianni Paladini into going down to the touchline to order caretaker manager Gareth Ainsworth to bring Gavin Mahon off the bench . Mahon promptly scores a last gasp winner and Briatore , his football genius now proven , erupts in a mixture of self-righteous anger and joy in the directors box . His second goal of the season came in April 2009 , scoring with a diving header to equalise proceedings after QPR had trailed by two goals to Sheffield Wednesday — with Mahon atoning for his earlier own goal . QPR went on to win the match 3–2 , all of their goals coming in the last half-hour of the match . He played under three different managers during the season , making 40 appearances as the club finished in mid-table . Mahon started in QPRs opening game of the 2009–10 season on 8 August 2009 , playing the whole match as the club drew 1–1 at home to Blackpool . He played regularly in the opening months of the campaign , making nine appearances in all competitions , scoring once , with QPR winning seven of the games.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2009/2010></ref> However , he suffered a knee injury in November 2009 , which would ultimately rule him out for the remainder of the season . With Mahons contract expiring at the end of the season , manager Neil Warnock stated — Hell probably come back and do a pre-season with us and try and show me what he can do . Ive always liked Gavin , weve just got to wait and see whos available . Despite being released at the 2009–10 campaign , he re-joined the club in October 2010 on a one-month deal , describing the move as being like a trial . Although he did not make any further first-team appearances for QPR , the monthly deal was extended on four separate occasions . He joined Championship side Crystal Palace on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season on 24 March 2011 . On the loan deal , Mahon stated — Im very much pleased to have joined . Its been stop-start for me this season and I need to be playing in and amongst the first team . If I can give some input off the pitch as well as on it that will be great . However , he did not make any appearances during the loan spell and returned to his parent club in May 2011 . A month after his return , it was announced that Mahon was one of eight players to be released by QPR . During his time at the club , he scored four goals in 66 appearances . Notts County . Ahead of the 2011–12 season , Mahon joined up with former club Watford for pre-season training in order to regain fitness ahead of the new campaign . Although no move materialised , he featured for Watford against Brentford in a friendly at the end of July 2011 , and stated he really appreciated the opportunity Watford gave him to train with the club . Two weeks into the new season , on 25 August 2011 , Mahon signed for League One side Notts County on an initial pay-as-you-play deal . He made his debut for the club two days later as Notts County lost 2–0 away to Preston North End . Mahon impressed during his first month with the club , and stated manager Martin Allen wished to secure a longer deal for the player — The manager called me a few weeks ago and said hed like to try to extend the deal to the end of the season . In October 2011 , Mahon signed an 18-month contract , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2013 . He was described as a pivotal player in Notts Countys season , and went on to make 34 appearances as County narrowly missed out on a play-off place on goal difference.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2011/2012></ref> At the end of the season , Notts County announced that they wished to retain Mahons services , and the player was offered a new one-year contract , which he signed in June 2012 . Mahon began his second season at Notts County featuring predominantly as a substitute , making six starting appearances and a further nine as a substitute during the first half of the season . In November 2012 , it was revealed that Mahon was the subject of loan bids from two League Two sides in the form of Bristol Rovers and Port Vale . He rejected the opportunity of going out on loan after County manager Keith Curle told him there was still of chance of him regaining his first-team place . However , two weeks later , Mahon stated he was prepared to leave Meadow Lane if he did not play more games — You do think like that sometimes , when you travel halfway across the country to get splinters in your backside , but thats football , you have to wait for your chance to come . I told him the last thing I want to do is leave a club like Notts , but when you get to my age you have got to play , especially if you want to go on and play next season . In February 2013 , Mahon joined fellow League One club Stevenage on a loan deal for the remainder of the 2012–13 season . He made his Stevenage debut in the clubs 2–1 away defeat to Shrewsbury Town on 23 February , playing the whole match . Mahon went on to make nine appearances for the club during the two-month loan spell.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2012/2013></ref> Mahon was released by Notts County at the end of the 2012–13 campaign . Portsmouth . Mahon was without a club for the first two months of the 2013–14 campaign , eventually signing for League Two side Portsmouth on a one-month deal on 4 October 2013 . He made his Portsmouth debut four days after signing , playing the whole match in a 2–1 Football League Trophy away win at Oxford United . Mahon was sent-off in a 2–1 loss to former club Stevenage in an FA Cup tie on 9 November 2013 , receiving a straight red card for an elbow on Filipe Morais . He made three appearances in total during his brief spell at Portsmouth , leaving upon the expiry of his contract on 28 November 2013.<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 2013/2014></ref> Tamworth . In December 2013 , Mahon joined Conference Premier side Tamworth on a short-term deal until the end of the 2013–14 season . He made his debut for Tamworth in the clubs 2–0 home win over Halifax Town on 4 January 2014 , playing the whole match . Mahon featured regularly for Tamworth during the second half of the campaign , starting in all of the 23 games he played in . He left Tamworth upon the expiry of his contract in May 2014 . Ahead of the 2014–15 season , Mahon was invited to spend time on trial at Barnet , and he featured in a pre-season friendly fixture against Peterborough United in July 2014 . No move materialised and Mahon subsequently retired from playing , opting to work for a sports consultancy company . Style of play . Mahon was predominantly deployed as a defensive midfielder throughout his career . He was described by his former teammate at Notts County , Alan Judge , as being a pivotal point in the centre of midfield due to his desire to play the ball on the floor , as well as being calm on the ball . Personal life . Mahon has two children called Mia and Alfie . He supports Birmingham City . After his retirement from playing , Mahon joined the Stellar Group , a sports consultancy company . He undertakes the role of Football Intermediary , a position to help pass on his knowledge and understanding to younger players that have been signed by Stellar . Honours . Brentford - Division Three : 1998–99<ref played by Gavin Mahon in 1998/1999></ref> Watford - Championship play-offs : 2005–06 Individual - Brentford Player of the Month : March 2001 - Watford Player of the Year : 2003–04

easy

Who was Henry Fonda 's spouse from 1931 to 1933?

/wiki/Henry_Fonda#P26#0

Henry Fonda Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16 , 1905 – August 12 , 1982 ) was an American film and stage actor who had a career that spanned five decades in Hollywood . Fonda cultivated a strong , appealing screen image in several films now considered to be classics , earning one Academy Award for Best Actor on two nominations . Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor and made his Hollywood film debut in 1935 . His film career began to gain momentum with roles such as Bette Daviss fiancé in her Academy Award-winning performance in Jezebel ( 1938 ) , brother Frank in Jesse James ( 1939 ) , and the future President in Young Mr . Lincoln ( 1939 ) , directed by John Ford . His early career peaked with his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in The Grapes of Wrath ( 1940 ) , about an Oklahoma family who moved to California during the Dust Bowl in the 1930s . This film is widely considered to be among the greatest American films , based on a novel of the same name by Nobel laureate for literature , John Steinbeck . In 1941 he starred opposite Barbara Stanwyck in the screwball comedy classic The Lady Eve . Book-ending his service in WWII were his starring roles in two highly regarded westerns : The Ox-Bow Incident ( 1943 ) and My Darling Clementine ( 1946 ) , the latter directed by John Ford , and he also starred in Fords western Fort Apache ( 1948 ) . After a seven-year break from films , during which Fonda focused on stage productions , he returned with the WWII war-boat ensemble Mister Roberts ( 1955 ) . In 1956 , at the age of fifty-one , he played the title role as the thirty-eight-year-old Manny Balestrero in Alfred Hitchcocks thriller The Wrong Man . In 1957 , he starred as Juror #8 , the hold-out juror , in 12 Angry Men . Fonda , who was also the co-producer of this film , won the BAFTA award for Best Foreign Actor . Later in his career , Fonda moved into darker roles , such as the villain in the epic Once Upon a Time in the West ( 1968 ) , underrated and a box office disappointment at its time of release , but now regarded as one of the best westerns of all time . He also played in lighter-hearted fare such as Yours , Mine and Ours with Lucille Ball , but also often played important military figures , such as a colonel in Battle of the Bulge ( 1965 ) , and Admiral Nimitz in Midway ( 1976 ) . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 54th Academy Awards for his final film role in On Golden Pond ( 1981 ) , which also starred Katharine Hepburn and his daughter Jane Fonda , but was too ill to attend the ceremony . He died from heart disease a few months later . Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors , including daughter Jane Fonda , son Peter Fonda , granddaughter Bridget Fonda , and grandson Troy Garity . His family and close friends called him Hank . In 1999 he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Screen Legends of the Classic Hollywood Era ( stars with a film debut by 1950 ) by the American Film Institute . Family history and early life . Born in Grand Island , Nebraska on May 16 , 1905 , Henry Jaynes Fonda was the son of printer William Brace Fonda , and his wife , Herberta ( Jaynes ) . The family moved to Omaha , Nebraska in 1906 . Fondas patriline originates with an ancestor from Genoa , Italy , who migrated to the Netherlands in the 15th century . In 1642 , a branch of the Fonda family immigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland on the East Coast of North America . They were among the first Dutch population to settle in what is now upstate New York , establishing the town of Fonda , New York . By 1888 , many of their descendants had relocated to Nebraska . Fonda was brought up as a Christian Scientist , though he was baptized an Episcopalian at St . Stephens Episcopal Church in Grand Island . He said , My whole damn family was nice . They were a close family and highly supportive , especially in health matters , as they avoided doctors due to their religion . Despite having a religious background , he later became an agnostic . Fonda was a bashful , short boy who tended to avoid girls , except his sisters , and was a good skater , swimmer , and runner . He worked part-time in his fathers print plant and imagined a possible career as a journalist . Later , he worked after school for the phone company . He also enjoyed drawing . Fonda was active in the Boy Scouts of America ; Teichmann reports that he reached the rank of Eagle Scout . However , this is denied elsewhere . When he was about 14 , his father took him to observe the brutal lynching of Will Brown during the Omaha race riot of 1919 . This enraged the young Fonda and he kept a keen awareness of prejudice for the rest of his life . By his senior year in high school , Fonda had grown to more than six feet ( 1.8m ) tall , but remained shy . He attended the University of Minnesota , where he majored in journalism , but did not graduate . While at Minnesota he was a member of Chi Delta Xi , a local fraternity , which later became Chi Phis Gamma Delta chapter on that campus . He took a job with the Retail Credit Company . Career . Early stage work . At age 20 , Fonda started his acting career at the Omaha Community Playhouse when his mothers friend Dodie Brando ( mother of Marlon Brando ) recommended that he try out for a juvenile part in You and I , in which he was cast as Ricky . He was fascinated by the stage , learning everything from set construction to stage production , and embarrassed by his acting ability . When he received the lead in Merton of the Movies , he realized the beauty of acting as a profession , as it allowed him to deflect attention from his own tongue-tied personality and create stage characters relying on someone elses scripted words . Fonda decided to quit his job and go east in 1928 to seek his fortune . He arrived on Cape Cod and played a minor role at the Cape Playhouse in Dennis , Massachusetts . A friend took him to Falmouth , MA where he joined and quickly became a valued member of the University Players , an intercollegiate summer stock company . There , he worked with Margaret Sullavan , his future wife . James Stewart joined the Players a few months after Fonda left , though they were soon to become lifelong friends . Fonda left the Players at the end of their 1931–1932 season after appearing in his first professional role in The Jest , by Sem Benelli . Joshua Logan , a young sophomore at Princeton who had been double-cast in the show , gave Fonda the part of Tornaquinci , an elderly Italian man with a long white beard and even longer hair . Also in the cast of The Jest with Fonda and Logan were Bretaigne Windust , Kent Smith , and Eleanor Phelps . Soon after , Fonda headed for New York City to be with his then wife , Margaret Sullavan . The marriage was brief , but when James Stewart came to New York his luck changed . Getting contact information from Joshua Logan , Jimmy , as he was called , Hank Fonda and these small-town boys found they had a lot in common , as long as they didnt discuss politics . The two men became roommates and honed their skills on Broadway . Fonda appeared in theatrical productions from 1926 to 1934 . They fared no better than many Americans in and out of work during the Great Depression , sometimes lacking enough money to take the subway . Entering Hollywood . Fonda got his first break in films when he was hired in 1935 as Janet Gaynors leading man in 20th Century Foxs screen adaptation of The Farmer Takes a Wife ; he reprised his role from the Broadway production of the same name , which had gained him recognition . Suddenly , Fonda was making $3,000 a week and dining with Hollywood stars such as Carole Lombard . Stewart soon followed him to Hollywood , and they roomed together again , in lodgings next door to Greta Garbo . In 1935 Fonda starred in the RKO film I Dream Too Much with the opera star Lily Pons . The New York Times announced him as Henry Fonda , the most likable of the new crop of romantic juveniles . Fondas film career blossomed as he costarred with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray in The Trail of the Lonesome Pine ( 1936 ) , the first Technicolor movie filmed outdoors . He starred with ex-wife Margaret Sullavan in The Moons Our Home , and a short rekindling of their relationship led to a brief but temporary consideration of remarriage . Fonda got the nod for the lead role in You Only Live Once ( 1937 ) , also costarring Sidney , and directed by Fritz Lang . He starred opposite Bette Davis , who had picked him , in the film Jezebel ( 1938 ) . This was followed by the title role in Young Mr . Lincoln ( 1939 ) , his first collaboration with director John Ford , and that year he played Frank James in Jesse James ( 1939 ) . Another 1939 film was Drums Along the Mohawk , also directed by Ford . Fondas successes led Ford to recruit him to play Tom Joad in the film version of John Steinbecks novel The Grapes of Wrath ( 1940 ) . A reluctant Darryl Zanuck , who preferred Tyrone Power , insisted on Fondas signing a seven-year contract with his studio , Twentieth Century-Fox . Fonda agreed and was ultimately nominated for an Academy Award for his work in the film , which many consider to be his finest role . Fonda starred in Fritz Langs The Return of Frank James ( 1940 ) with Gene Tierney . He then played opposite Barbara Stanwyck in Preston Sturgess The Lady Eve ( 1941 ) , and again teamed with Tierney in the successful screwball comedy Rings on Her Fingers ( 1942 ) . She was one of Fondas favorite co-stars , and they appeared in three films together . He was acclaimed for his role in The Ox-Bow Incident ( 1943 ) . Fonda enlisted in the United States Navy to fight in World War II , saying , I dont want to be in a fake war in a studio . Previously , Stewart and he had helped raise funds for the defense of Britain . Fonda served for three years , initially as a Quartermaster 3rd Class on the destroyer . He was later commissioned as a Lieutenant Junior Grade in Air Combat Intelligence in the Central Pacific and was awarded the Bronze Star Medal and Navy Presidential Unit Citation . After being discharged from active duty due to an overage in rank , Fonda was transferred to the Naval Reserve , serving three years ( 1945-1948 ) . Postwar career . After the war , Fonda took a break from movies and attended Hollywood parties and enjoyed civilian life . Stewart and Fonda would listen to records and invite Johnny Mercer , Hoagy Carmichael , Dinah Shore , and Nat King Cole over for music , with the latter giving the family piano lessons . Fonda played Wyatt Earp in My Darling Clementine ( 1946 ) , which was directed by John Ford . Fonda did seven postwar films until his contract with Fox expired , the last being Otto Premingers Daisy Kenyon ( 1947 ) , opposite Joan Crawford . He starred in The Fugitive ( 1947 ) , which was the first film of Fords new production company , Argosy Pictures . In 1948 he appeared in a subsequent Argosy/Ford production , Fort Apache , as a rigid Army colonel , along with John Wayne and Shirley Temple in her first adult role . Refusing another long-term studio contract , Fonda returned to Broadway , wearing his own officers cap to originate the title role in Mister Roberts , a comedy about the U.S . Navy , during World War II in the South Pacific Ocean where Fonda , a junior officer , Lt . Douglas A . Roberts wages a private war against a tyrannical captain . He won a 1948 Tony Award for the part . Fonda followed that by reprising his performance in the national tour and with successful stage runs in Point of No Return and The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . After an eight-year absence from films , he starred in the same role in the 1955 film version of Mister Roberts with James Cagney , William Powell , and Jack Lemmon , continuing a pattern of bringing his acclaimed stage roles to life on the big screen . On the set of Mister Roberts , Fonda came to blows with director John Ford , who punched him during filming , and Fonda vowed never to work for the director again . While he kept that vow for years , Fonda spoke glowingly of Ford in Peter Bogdanovichs documentary Directed by John Ford and in a documentary on Fords career alongside Ford and James Stewart . Fonda refused to participate until he learned that Ford had insisted on casting Fonda as the lead in the film version of Mr . Roberts , reviving Fondas film career after concentrating on the stage for years . After Mr . Roberts , Fonda was next in Paramount Picturess production of Leo Tolstoys epic novel War and Peace ( 1956 ) about French Emperor Napoleons invasion of Russia in 1812 , in which he played Pierre Bezukhov opposite Audrey Hepburn ; it took two years to shoot . Fonda worked with Alfred Hitchcock in 1956 , playing a man falsely accused of robbery in The Wrong Man ; the unusual semidocumentary work of Hitchcock was based on an actual incident and partly filmed on location . In 1957 Fonda made his first foray into producing with 12 Angry Men , in which he also starred . The film was based on a teleplay and a script by Reginald Rose , and directed by Sidney Lumet . The low-budget production was completed in 17 days of filming , mostly in one claustrophobic jury room . It had a strong cast , including also Jack Klugman , Lee J . Cobb , Martin Balsam , and E . G . Marshall . The intense story about twelve jurors deciding the fate of a young man accused of murder was well received by critics worldwide . Fonda shared the Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations with co-producer Reginald Rose , and won the 1958 BAFTA Award for Best Actor for his performance as Juror #8 . Early on , the film drew poorly , but after gaining recognition and awards , it proved a success . In spite of the outcome , Fonda vowed that he would never produce a movie again , fearing that failing as a producer might derail his acting career . After acting in the western movies The Tin Star ( 1957 ) and Warlock ( 1959 ) , Fonda returned to the production seat for the NBC western television series The Deputy ( 1959–1961 ) , in which he starred as Marshal Simon Fry . His co-stars were Allen Case and Read Morgan . During the 1960s , Fonda performed in a number of war and western epics , including 1962s The Longest Day and the Cinerama production How the West Was Won , 1965s In Harms Way , and Battle of the Bulge . In the Cold War suspense film Fail-Safe ( 1964 ) , Fonda played the President of the United States who tries to avert a nuclear holocaust through tense negotiations with the Soviets after American bombers are mistakenly ordered to attack the USSR . He also returned to more light-hearted cinema in Spencers Mountain ( 1963 ) , which was the inspiration for the 1970s TV series , The Waltons , based on the Great Depression of the 1930s memories of Earl Hamner , Jr. . Fonda appeared against type as the villain Frank in 1968s Once Upon a Time in the West . After initially turning down the role , he was convinced to accept it by actor Eli Wallach and director Sergio Leone ( who had previously tried to hire him to portray the Man with No Name in his Dollars Trilogy , a role that was later taken on by Clint Eastwood ) , who flew from Italy to the United States to persuade him to take the part . Fonda had planned on wearing a pair of brown-colored contact lenses , but Leone preferred the paradox of contrasting close-up shots of Fondas innocent-looking blue eyes with the vicious personality of the character Fonda portrayed . Fondas relationship with Jimmy Stewart survived their disagreements over politics – Fonda was a liberal Democrat , and Stewart a conservative Republican . After a heated argument , they avoided talking politics with each other . The two men teamed up for 1968s Firecreek , where Fonda again played the heavy . In 1970 Fonda and Stewart co-starred in the western The Cheyenne Social Club , in which they humorously argued politics . They had first appeared together on film in On Our Merry Way ( 1948 ) , an episodic comedy which also starred William Demarest and Fred MacMurray and featured a grown-up Carl Alfalfa Switzer , who had acted as a child in the Our Gang movie serials of the 1930s . Later career . Despite approaching his seventies , Fonda continued to work in theater , television and film through the 1970s . In 1970 Fonda appeared in three films ; the most successful was The Cheyenne Social Club . The other two films were Too Late the Hero , in which Fonda played a secondary role , and There Was a Crooked Man , about Paris Pitman Jr . ( played by Kirk Douglas ) trying to escape from an Arizona prison . Fonda returned to both foreign and television productions , which provided career sustenance through a decade in which many aging screen actors suffered waning careers . He starred in the ABC television series The Smith Family between 1971 and 1972 . A TV-movie adaptation of John Steinbecks novel , 1973s The Red Pony , earned Fonda an Emmy nomination . After the unsuccessful Hollywood melodrama , Ash Wednesday , he filmed three Italian productions released in 1973 and 1974 . The most successful of these , My Name Is Nobody , presented Fonda in a rare comedic performance as an old gunslinger whose plans to retire are dampened by a fan of sorts . Fonda continued stage acting throughout his last years , including several demanding roles in Broadway plays . He returned to Broadway in 1974 for the biographical drama , Clarence Darrow , for which he was nominated for a Tony Award . Fondas health had been deteriorating for years , but his first outward symptoms occurred after a performance of the play in April 1974 , when he collapsed from exhaustion . After the appearance of a cardiac arrhythmia brought on by prostate cancer , he had a pacemaker installed following cancer surgery . Fonda returned to the play in 1975 . After the run of a 1978 play , First Monday of October , he took the advice of his doctors and quit plays , though he continued to star in films and television . Fonda appeared in a revival of The Time of Your Life that opened on March 17 , 1972 , at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Los Angeles , where Fonda , Richard Dreyfuss , Gloria Grahame , Ron Thompson , Strother Martin , Jane Alexander , Lewis J . Stadlen , Richard X . Slattery , and Pepper Martin were among the cast with Edwin Sherin directing . In 1976 , Fonda appeared in several notable television productions , the first being , the story of the volatile relationship between President Harry Truman ( E . G . Marshall ) and General MacArthur ( Fonda ) , produced by ABC . After an appearance in the acclaimed Showtime broadcast of Almos a Man , based on a story by Richard Wright , he starred in the epic NBC miniseries Captains and Kings , based on Taylor Caldwells novel . Three years later , he appeared in ABCs , but the miniseries was overshadowed by its predecessor , Roots . Also in 1976 , Fonda starred in the World War II blockbuster Midway . Fonda finished the 1970s in a number of disaster films . The first of these was the 1977 Italian killer octopus thriller Tentacles and Rollercoaster , in which Fonda appeared with George Segal , Richard Widmark and a young Helen Hunt . He performed again with Widmark , Olivia de Havilland , Fred MacMurray , and José Ferrer in the killer bee action film The Swarm . He also acted in the global disaster film Meteor ( his second role as a sitting President of the United States after Fail-Safe ) , with Sean Connery , Natalie Wood , and Karl Malden , and the Canadian production City on Fire , which also featured Shelley Winters and Ava Gardner . Fonda had a small role with his son , Peter , in Wanda Nevada ( 1979 ) , with Brooke Shields . As Fondas health declined and he took longer breaks between filming , critics began to acknowledge the value of his extensive body of work . In 1979 , he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . His Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member Jimmy Stewart . In 1979 , he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame for his achievements on Broadway and received the Kennedy Center Honor . Lifetime Achievement awards from the Golden Globes and Academy Awards followed in 1980 and 1981 , respectively . Fonda continued to act into the early 1980s , though all but one of the productions in which he was featured before his death were for television . The television works included the live performance of Preston Joness The Oldest Living Graduate and the Emmy-nominated Gideons Trumpet ( co-starring Fay Wray in her last performance ) about Clarence Gideons fight to have the right to publicly funded legal counsel for the indigent . On Golden Pond in 1981 , the film adaptation of Ernest Thompsons play , marked one final professional and personal triumph for Fonda . Directed by Mark Rydell , the project provided unprecedented collaborations between Fonda and Katharine Hepburn , along with Fonda and his daughter , Jane . The elder Fonda played an emotionally brittle and distant father who becomes more accessible at the end of his life . Jane Fonda has said that elements of the story mimicked their real-life relationship , and helped them resolve certain issues . She bought the film rights in the hope that her father would play the role , and later described it as a gift to my father that was so unbelievably successful . Premiered in December 1981 , the film was well received by critics , and after a limited release on December 4 , On Golden Pond developed enough of an audience to be widely released on January 22 . With 10 Academy Award nominations , the film earned nearly $120 million at the box office , becoming an unexpected blockbuster . In addition to wins for Hepburn ( Best Actress ) , and Thompson ( Screenplay ) , On Golden Pond brought Fonda his only Oscar - for Best Actor ( he was the oldest recipient of the award ; it also earned him a Golden Globe Best Actor award ) . Fonda was by that point too ill to attend the ceremony , and his daughter Jane accepted on his behalf . She said when accepting the award that her dad would probably quip , Well , aint I lucky . Years later , Fondas performance would be remembered as a brutally honest portrayal of frightened old age . Fondas final performance was in the 1981 television drama Summer Solstice with Myrna Loy . It was filmed after On Golden Pond had wrapped and Fonda was in rapidly declining health . Personal life . Marriages and children . Fonda was married five times and had three children , one of them adopted . His marriage to Margaret Sullavan in 1931 soon ended in separation , which was finalized in a 1933 divorce . In 1936 he married Frances Ford Seymour Brokaw widow of a wealthy industrialist , George Tuttle Brokaw . The Brokaws had a daughter , Frances de Villiers , nicknamed Pan , who had been born soon after the Brokaws marriage in 1931 . Fonda met his future wife Frances at Denham Studios in England on the set of Wings of the Morning , the first picture in Europe to be filmed in three-strip Technicolor . They had two children , Jane ( born December 21 , 1937 ) and Peter ( February 23 , 1940August 16 , 2019 ) , both of whom became successful actors . Jane has won two Best Actress Academy Awards , and Peter was nominated for two Oscars , one for Best Actor . In August 1949 , Fonda announced to Frances that he wanted a divorce so he could remarry ; their 13 years of marriage had not been happy ones for him . Devastated by Fondas confession , and plagued by emotional problems for many years , Frances went into the Austen Riggs Psychiatric Hospital in January 1950 for treatment . She committed suicide there on April 14 . Before her death , she had written six notes to various individuals , but left no final message for her husband . Fonda quickly arranged a private funeral with only himself and his mother-in-law , Sophie Seymour , in attendance . Years later , Dr . Margaret Gibson , the psychiatrist who had treated Frances at Austen Riggs , described Henry Fonda as a cold , self-absorbed person , a complete narcissist . Later in 1950 , Fonda married Susan Blanchard , his mistress . She was 21 years old , the daughter of Australian-born interior designer Dorothy Hammerstein , and the step-daughter of Oscar Hammerstein II . Together , they adopted a daughter , Amy Fishman ( born 1953 ) . They divorced three years later . Blanchard was in awe of Fonda , and she described her role in the marriage as a geisha , doing everything she could to please him , dealing with and solving problems he would not acknowledge . In 1957 Fonda married the Italian baroness Afdera Franchetti . They divorced in 1961 . Soon after , in 1965 , Fonda married Shirlee Mae Adams ( born in 1932 ) , and remained with her until his death in 1982 . Fondas relationship with his children has been described as emotionally distant . Fonda loathed displays of feeling in himself or others , and this was a consistent part of his character . Whenever he felt that his emotional wall was being breached , he had outbursts of anger , exhibiting a furious temper that terrified his family . In Peter Fondas 1998 autobiography Dont Tell Dad ( 1998 ) , he described how he was never sure how his father felt about him . He never volunteered to his father that he loved him until he was elderly , and Peter finally heard , I love you , son . His daughter Jane rejected her fathers friendships with Republican actors such as John Wayne and James Stewart . Their relationship became extremely strained as Jane Fonda became a left-wing activist . Jane Fonda reported feeling detached from her father , especially during her early acting days . In 1958 she met Lee Strasberg while visiting her father at Malibu . The Fonda and Strasberg families were neighbors , and she had developed a friendship with Strasbergs daughter , Susan . Jane Fonda began studying acting with Strasberg , learning the techniques of The Method of which Strasberg was a renowned proponent . This proved to be a pivotal point in her career . As Jane Fonda developed her skill as an actress , she became frustrated with her fathers talent that , to her , appeared a demonstration of effortless ability . Politics . Fonda was an ardent supporter of the Democratic Party and an admirer of U.S . President Franklin D . Roosevelt . In 1960 Fonda appeared in a campaign commercial for presidential candidate John F . Kennedy . The ad focused on Kennedys naval service during World War II , specifically the famous PT-109 incident . He was initially a registered Republican , but switched parties because the Republican party did not represent his values . On acting . In the late 1950s , when Jane Fonda asked her father how he prepared before going on stage , she was baffled by his answer , I dont know , I stand there , I think about my wife , Afdera , I dont know . The writer Al Aronowitz , while working on a profile of Jane Fonda for The Saturday Evening Post in the 1960s , asked Henry Fonda about method acting : I cant articulate about the Method , he told me , because I never studied it . I dont mean to suggest that I have any feelings one way or the other about it...I dont know what the Method is and I dont care what the Method is . Everybodys got a method . Everybody cant articulate about their method , and I cant , if I have a method—and Jane sometimes says that I use the Method , that is , the capital letter Method , without being aware of it . Maybe I do ; it doesnt matter . Aronowitz reported Jane saying , My father cant articulate the way he works . He just cant do it . Hes not even conscious of what he does , and it made him nervous for me to try to articulate what I was trying to do . And I sensed that immediately , so we did very little talking about it...he said , Shut up , I dont want to hear about it . He didnt want me to tell him about it , you know . He wanted to make fun of it . Death and legacy . Fonda died at his Los Angeles home on August 12 , 1982 , from heart disease . Fondas wife , Shirlee , his daughter Jane , and his son Peter were at his side that day . He suffered from prostate cancer , but this did not directly cause his death and was noted only as a concurrent ailment on his death certificate . Fonda requested that no funeral be held , and his body was cremated . President Ronald Reagan , a former actor himself , hailed Fonda as a true professional dedicated to excellence in his craft . He graced the screen with a sincerity and accuracy which made him a legend . The home where Fonda was born in 1905 is preserved at The Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer in Grand Island , Nebraska . Fonda is widely recognized as one of the Hollywood greats of the classic era . On the centenary of his birth , May 16 , 2005 , Turner Classic Movies ( TCM ) honored Fonda with a marathon of his films . Also in May 2005 , the United States Post Office released a 37-cent postage stamp with an artists drawing of Fonda as part of their Hollywood legends series . The Fonda Theatre in Hollywood , originally known as the Carter DeHaven Music Box , was named for the actor in 1985 by the Nederlander Organization . In popular culture . In Joseph Hellers satirical novel Catch-22 , there is a running joke that fictional character Major Major Major Major resembles Henry Fonda . Philip D . Beidler comments that one of the novels great absurd jokes is the characters bewildering resemblance to Henry Fonda . Taking into account when Catch-22 was written , this most likely refers to Fonda circa about 1955 , when he starred in the film Mister Roberts . Filmography . From the beginning of his career in 1935 through his last projects in 1981 , Fonda appeared in 106 films , television programs , and shorts . Through the course of his career , he appeared in many films , including such classics as 12 Angry Men and The Ox-Bow Incident . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 1940s The Grapes of Wrath and won for his part in 1981s On Golden Pond . Fonda made his mark in Westerns ( which included his most villainous role as Frank in Once Upon a Time in the West ) and war films , and made frequent appearances in both television and foreign productions late in his career . Broadway stage performances . - The Game of Love and Death ( November 1929 – January 1930 ) - I Loved You , Wednesday ( October – December 1932 ) - New Faces of 1934 ( Revue ; March – July 1934 ) - The Farmer Takes a Wife ( October 1934 – January 1935 ) - Blow Ye Winds ( September – October 1937 ) - Blockade ( June 1938 ) - Mister Roberts ( February 1948 – January 1951 ) - Point of No Return ( December 1951 – November 1952 ) - The Caine Mutiny ( January 1954 – January 1955 ) - Two for the Seesaw ( January 1958 – October 1959 ) - Silent Night , Lonely Night ( December 1959 – March 1960 ) - Critics Choice ( December 1960 – May 1961 ) - A Gift of Time ( February – May 1962 ) - Generation ( October 1965 – June 1966 ) - Our Town ( November – December 1969 ) - Clarence Darrow ( March – April 1974 ; March 1975 ) - First Monday in October ( October – December 1978 ) Bibliography . - Wise , James . Stars in Blue : Movie Actors in Americas Sea Services . Annapolis , MD : Naval Institute Press , 1997 . . . External links . - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Henry Fonda as found in the 1910 US Census , 1920 US Census , 1930 US Census , 1931 Maryland Marriages , and Social Security Death Index . - Literature on Henry Fonda

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Who was Henry Fonda 's spouse from 1936 to 1950?

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Henry Fonda Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16 , 1905 – August 12 , 1982 ) was an American film and stage actor who had a career that spanned five decades in Hollywood . Fonda cultivated a strong , appealing screen image in several films now considered to be classics , earning one Academy Award for Best Actor on two nominations . Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor and made his Hollywood film debut in 1935 . His film career began to gain momentum with roles such as Bette Daviss fiancé in her Academy Award-winning performance in Jezebel ( 1938 ) , brother Frank in Jesse James ( 1939 ) , and the future President in Young Mr . Lincoln ( 1939 ) , directed by John Ford . His early career peaked with his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in The Grapes of Wrath ( 1940 ) , about an Oklahoma family who moved to California during the Dust Bowl in the 1930s . This film is widely considered to be among the greatest American films , based on a novel of the same name by Nobel laureate for literature , John Steinbeck . In 1941 he starred opposite Barbara Stanwyck in the screwball comedy classic The Lady Eve . Book-ending his service in WWII were his starring roles in two highly regarded westerns : The Ox-Bow Incident ( 1943 ) and My Darling Clementine ( 1946 ) , the latter directed by John Ford , and he also starred in Fords western Fort Apache ( 1948 ) . After a seven-year break from films , during which Fonda focused on stage productions , he returned with the WWII war-boat ensemble Mister Roberts ( 1955 ) . In 1956 , at the age of fifty-one , he played the title role as the thirty-eight-year-old Manny Balestrero in Alfred Hitchcocks thriller The Wrong Man . In 1957 , he starred as Juror #8 , the hold-out juror , in 12 Angry Men . Fonda , who was also the co-producer of this film , won the BAFTA award for Best Foreign Actor . Later in his career , Fonda moved into darker roles , such as the villain in the epic Once Upon a Time in the West ( 1968 ) , underrated and a box office disappointment at its time of release , but now regarded as one of the best westerns of all time . He also played in lighter-hearted fare such as Yours , Mine and Ours with Lucille Ball , but also often played important military figures , such as a colonel in Battle of the Bulge ( 1965 ) , and Admiral Nimitz in Midway ( 1976 ) . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 54th Academy Awards for his final film role in On Golden Pond ( 1981 ) , which also starred Katharine Hepburn and his daughter Jane Fonda , but was too ill to attend the ceremony . He died from heart disease a few months later . Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors , including daughter Jane Fonda , son Peter Fonda , granddaughter Bridget Fonda , and grandson Troy Garity . His family and close friends called him Hank . In 1999 he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Screen Legends of the Classic Hollywood Era ( stars with a film debut by 1950 ) by the American Film Institute . Family history and early life . Born in Grand Island , Nebraska on May 16 , 1905 , Henry Jaynes Fonda was the son of printer William Brace Fonda , and his wife , Herberta ( Jaynes ) . The family moved to Omaha , Nebraska in 1906 . Fondas patriline originates with an ancestor from Genoa , Italy , who migrated to the Netherlands in the 15th century . In 1642 , a branch of the Fonda family immigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland on the East Coast of North America . They were among the first Dutch population to settle in what is now upstate New York , establishing the town of Fonda , New York . By 1888 , many of their descendants had relocated to Nebraska . Fonda was brought up as a Christian Scientist , though he was baptized an Episcopalian at St . Stephens Episcopal Church in Grand Island . He said , My whole damn family was nice . They were a close family and highly supportive , especially in health matters , as they avoided doctors due to their religion . Despite having a religious background , he later became an agnostic . Fonda was a bashful , short boy who tended to avoid girls , except his sisters , and was a good skater , swimmer , and runner . He worked part-time in his fathers print plant and imagined a possible career as a journalist . Later , he worked after school for the phone company . He also enjoyed drawing . Fonda was active in the Boy Scouts of America ; Teichmann reports that he reached the rank of Eagle Scout . However , this is denied elsewhere . When he was about 14 , his father took him to observe the brutal lynching of Will Brown during the Omaha race riot of 1919 . This enraged the young Fonda and he kept a keen awareness of prejudice for the rest of his life . By his senior year in high school , Fonda had grown to more than six feet ( 1.8m ) tall , but remained shy . He attended the University of Minnesota , where he majored in journalism , but did not graduate . While at Minnesota he was a member of Chi Delta Xi , a local fraternity , which later became Chi Phis Gamma Delta chapter on that campus . He took a job with the Retail Credit Company . Career . Early stage work . At age 20 , Fonda started his acting career at the Omaha Community Playhouse when his mothers friend Dodie Brando ( mother of Marlon Brando ) recommended that he try out for a juvenile part in You and I , in which he was cast as Ricky . He was fascinated by the stage , learning everything from set construction to stage production , and embarrassed by his acting ability . When he received the lead in Merton of the Movies , he realized the beauty of acting as a profession , as it allowed him to deflect attention from his own tongue-tied personality and create stage characters relying on someone elses scripted words . Fonda decided to quit his job and go east in 1928 to seek his fortune . He arrived on Cape Cod and played a minor role at the Cape Playhouse in Dennis , Massachusetts . A friend took him to Falmouth , MA where he joined and quickly became a valued member of the University Players , an intercollegiate summer stock company . There , he worked with Margaret Sullavan , his future wife . James Stewart joined the Players a few months after Fonda left , though they were soon to become lifelong friends . Fonda left the Players at the end of their 1931–1932 season after appearing in his first professional role in The Jest , by Sem Benelli . Joshua Logan , a young sophomore at Princeton who had been double-cast in the show , gave Fonda the part of Tornaquinci , an elderly Italian man with a long white beard and even longer hair . Also in the cast of The Jest with Fonda and Logan were Bretaigne Windust , Kent Smith , and Eleanor Phelps . Soon after , Fonda headed for New York City to be with his then wife , Margaret Sullavan . The marriage was brief , but when James Stewart came to New York his luck changed . Getting contact information from Joshua Logan , Jimmy , as he was called , Hank Fonda and these small-town boys found they had a lot in common , as long as they didnt discuss politics . The two men became roommates and honed their skills on Broadway . Fonda appeared in theatrical productions from 1926 to 1934 . They fared no better than many Americans in and out of work during the Great Depression , sometimes lacking enough money to take the subway . Entering Hollywood . Fonda got his first break in films when he was hired in 1935 as Janet Gaynors leading man in 20th Century Foxs screen adaptation of The Farmer Takes a Wife ; he reprised his role from the Broadway production of the same name , which had gained him recognition . Suddenly , Fonda was making $3,000 a week and dining with Hollywood stars such as Carole Lombard . Stewart soon followed him to Hollywood , and they roomed together again , in lodgings next door to Greta Garbo . In 1935 Fonda starred in the RKO film I Dream Too Much with the opera star Lily Pons . The New York Times announced him as Henry Fonda , the most likable of the new crop of romantic juveniles . Fondas film career blossomed as he costarred with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray in The Trail of the Lonesome Pine ( 1936 ) , the first Technicolor movie filmed outdoors . He starred with ex-wife Margaret Sullavan in The Moons Our Home , and a short rekindling of their relationship led to a brief but temporary consideration of remarriage . Fonda got the nod for the lead role in You Only Live Once ( 1937 ) , also costarring Sidney , and directed by Fritz Lang . He starred opposite Bette Davis , who had picked him , in the film Jezebel ( 1938 ) . This was followed by the title role in Young Mr . Lincoln ( 1939 ) , his first collaboration with director John Ford , and that year he played Frank James in Jesse James ( 1939 ) . Another 1939 film was Drums Along the Mohawk , also directed by Ford . Fondas successes led Ford to recruit him to play Tom Joad in the film version of John Steinbecks novel The Grapes of Wrath ( 1940 ) . A reluctant Darryl Zanuck , who preferred Tyrone Power , insisted on Fondas signing a seven-year contract with his studio , Twentieth Century-Fox . Fonda agreed and was ultimately nominated for an Academy Award for his work in the film , which many consider to be his finest role . Fonda starred in Fritz Langs The Return of Frank James ( 1940 ) with Gene Tierney . He then played opposite Barbara Stanwyck in Preston Sturgess The Lady Eve ( 1941 ) , and again teamed with Tierney in the successful screwball comedy Rings on Her Fingers ( 1942 ) . She was one of Fondas favorite co-stars , and they appeared in three films together . He was acclaimed for his role in The Ox-Bow Incident ( 1943 ) . Fonda enlisted in the United States Navy to fight in World War II , saying , I dont want to be in a fake war in a studio . Previously , Stewart and he had helped raise funds for the defense of Britain . Fonda served for three years , initially as a Quartermaster 3rd Class on the destroyer . He was later commissioned as a Lieutenant Junior Grade in Air Combat Intelligence in the Central Pacific and was awarded the Bronze Star Medal and Navy Presidential Unit Citation . After being discharged from active duty due to an overage in rank , Fonda was transferred to the Naval Reserve , serving three years ( 1945-1948 ) . Postwar career . After the war , Fonda took a break from movies and attended Hollywood parties and enjoyed civilian life . Stewart and Fonda would listen to records and invite Johnny Mercer , Hoagy Carmichael , Dinah Shore , and Nat King Cole over for music , with the latter giving the family piano lessons . Fonda played Wyatt Earp in My Darling Clementine ( 1946 ) , which was directed by John Ford . Fonda did seven postwar films until his contract with Fox expired , the last being Otto Premingers Daisy Kenyon ( 1947 ) , opposite Joan Crawford . He starred in The Fugitive ( 1947 ) , which was the first film of Fords new production company , Argosy Pictures . In 1948 he appeared in a subsequent Argosy/Ford production , Fort Apache , as a rigid Army colonel , along with John Wayne and Shirley Temple in her first adult role . Refusing another long-term studio contract , Fonda returned to Broadway , wearing his own officers cap to originate the title role in Mister Roberts , a comedy about the U.S . Navy , during World War II in the South Pacific Ocean where Fonda , a junior officer , Lt . Douglas A . Roberts wages a private war against a tyrannical captain . He won a 1948 Tony Award for the part . Fonda followed that by reprising his performance in the national tour and with successful stage runs in Point of No Return and The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . After an eight-year absence from films , he starred in the same role in the 1955 film version of Mister Roberts with James Cagney , William Powell , and Jack Lemmon , continuing a pattern of bringing his acclaimed stage roles to life on the big screen . On the set of Mister Roberts , Fonda came to blows with director John Ford , who punched him during filming , and Fonda vowed never to work for the director again . While he kept that vow for years , Fonda spoke glowingly of Ford in Peter Bogdanovichs documentary Directed by John Ford and in a documentary on Fords career alongside Ford and James Stewart . Fonda refused to participate until he learned that Ford had insisted on casting Fonda as the lead in the film version of Mr . Roberts , reviving Fondas film career after concentrating on the stage for years . After Mr . Roberts , Fonda was next in Paramount Picturess production of Leo Tolstoys epic novel War and Peace ( 1956 ) about French Emperor Napoleons invasion of Russia in 1812 , in which he played Pierre Bezukhov opposite Audrey Hepburn ; it took two years to shoot . Fonda worked with Alfred Hitchcock in 1956 , playing a man falsely accused of robbery in The Wrong Man ; the unusual semidocumentary work of Hitchcock was based on an actual incident and partly filmed on location . In 1957 Fonda made his first foray into producing with 12 Angry Men , in which he also starred . The film was based on a teleplay and a script by Reginald Rose , and directed by Sidney Lumet . The low-budget production was completed in 17 days of filming , mostly in one claustrophobic jury room . It had a strong cast , including also Jack Klugman , Lee J . Cobb , Martin Balsam , and E . G . Marshall . The intense story about twelve jurors deciding the fate of a young man accused of murder was well received by critics worldwide . Fonda shared the Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations with co-producer Reginald Rose , and won the 1958 BAFTA Award for Best Actor for his performance as Juror #8 . Early on , the film drew poorly , but after gaining recognition and awards , it proved a success . In spite of the outcome , Fonda vowed that he would never produce a movie again , fearing that failing as a producer might derail his acting career . After acting in the western movies The Tin Star ( 1957 ) and Warlock ( 1959 ) , Fonda returned to the production seat for the NBC western television series The Deputy ( 1959–1961 ) , in which he starred as Marshal Simon Fry . His co-stars were Allen Case and Read Morgan . During the 1960s , Fonda performed in a number of war and western epics , including 1962s The Longest Day and the Cinerama production How the West Was Won , 1965s In Harms Way , and Battle of the Bulge . In the Cold War suspense film Fail-Safe ( 1964 ) , Fonda played the President of the United States who tries to avert a nuclear holocaust through tense negotiations with the Soviets after American bombers are mistakenly ordered to attack the USSR . He also returned to more light-hearted cinema in Spencers Mountain ( 1963 ) , which was the inspiration for the 1970s TV series , The Waltons , based on the Great Depression of the 1930s memories of Earl Hamner , Jr. . Fonda appeared against type as the villain Frank in 1968s Once Upon a Time in the West . After initially turning down the role , he was convinced to accept it by actor Eli Wallach and director Sergio Leone ( who had previously tried to hire him to portray the Man with No Name in his Dollars Trilogy , a role that was later taken on by Clint Eastwood ) , who flew from Italy to the United States to persuade him to take the part . Fonda had planned on wearing a pair of brown-colored contact lenses , but Leone preferred the paradox of contrasting close-up shots of Fondas innocent-looking blue eyes with the vicious personality of the character Fonda portrayed . Fondas relationship with Jimmy Stewart survived their disagreements over politics – Fonda was a liberal Democrat , and Stewart a conservative Republican . After a heated argument , they avoided talking politics with each other . The two men teamed up for 1968s Firecreek , where Fonda again played the heavy . In 1970 Fonda and Stewart co-starred in the western The Cheyenne Social Club , in which they humorously argued politics . They had first appeared together on film in On Our Merry Way ( 1948 ) , an episodic comedy which also starred William Demarest and Fred MacMurray and featured a grown-up Carl Alfalfa Switzer , who had acted as a child in the Our Gang movie serials of the 1930s . Later career . Despite approaching his seventies , Fonda continued to work in theater , television and film through the 1970s . In 1970 Fonda appeared in three films ; the most successful was The Cheyenne Social Club . The other two films were Too Late the Hero , in which Fonda played a secondary role , and There Was a Crooked Man , about Paris Pitman Jr . ( played by Kirk Douglas ) trying to escape from an Arizona prison . Fonda returned to both foreign and television productions , which provided career sustenance through a decade in which many aging screen actors suffered waning careers . He starred in the ABC television series The Smith Family between 1971 and 1972 . A TV-movie adaptation of John Steinbecks novel , 1973s The Red Pony , earned Fonda an Emmy nomination . After the unsuccessful Hollywood melodrama , Ash Wednesday , he filmed three Italian productions released in 1973 and 1974 . The most successful of these , My Name Is Nobody , presented Fonda in a rare comedic performance as an old gunslinger whose plans to retire are dampened by a fan of sorts . Fonda continued stage acting throughout his last years , including several demanding roles in Broadway plays . He returned to Broadway in 1974 for the biographical drama , Clarence Darrow , for which he was nominated for a Tony Award . Fondas health had been deteriorating for years , but his first outward symptoms occurred after a performance of the play in April 1974 , when he collapsed from exhaustion . After the appearance of a cardiac arrhythmia brought on by prostate cancer , he had a pacemaker installed following cancer surgery . Fonda returned to the play in 1975 . After the run of a 1978 play , First Monday of October , he took the advice of his doctors and quit plays , though he continued to star in films and television . Fonda appeared in a revival of The Time of Your Life that opened on March 17 , 1972 , at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Los Angeles , where Fonda , Richard Dreyfuss , Gloria Grahame , Ron Thompson , Strother Martin , Jane Alexander , Lewis J . Stadlen , Richard X . Slattery , and Pepper Martin were among the cast with Edwin Sherin directing . In 1976 , Fonda appeared in several notable television productions , the first being , the story of the volatile relationship between President Harry Truman ( E . G . Marshall ) and General MacArthur ( Fonda ) , produced by ABC . After an appearance in the acclaimed Showtime broadcast of Almos a Man , based on a story by Richard Wright , he starred in the epic NBC miniseries Captains and Kings , based on Taylor Caldwells novel . Three years later , he appeared in ABCs , but the miniseries was overshadowed by its predecessor , Roots . Also in 1976 , Fonda starred in the World War II blockbuster Midway . Fonda finished the 1970s in a number of disaster films . The first of these was the 1977 Italian killer octopus thriller Tentacles and Rollercoaster , in which Fonda appeared with George Segal , Richard Widmark and a young Helen Hunt . He performed again with Widmark , Olivia de Havilland , Fred MacMurray , and José Ferrer in the killer bee action film The Swarm . He also acted in the global disaster film Meteor ( his second role as a sitting President of the United States after Fail-Safe ) , with Sean Connery , Natalie Wood , and Karl Malden , and the Canadian production City on Fire , which also featured Shelley Winters and Ava Gardner . Fonda had a small role with his son , Peter , in Wanda Nevada ( 1979 ) , with Brooke Shields . As Fondas health declined and he took longer breaks between filming , critics began to acknowledge the value of his extensive body of work . In 1979 , he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . His Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member Jimmy Stewart . In 1979 , he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame for his achievements on Broadway and received the Kennedy Center Honor . Lifetime Achievement awards from the Golden Globes and Academy Awards followed in 1980 and 1981 , respectively . Fonda continued to act into the early 1980s , though all but one of the productions in which he was featured before his death were for television . The television works included the live performance of Preston Joness The Oldest Living Graduate and the Emmy-nominated Gideons Trumpet ( co-starring Fay Wray in her last performance ) about Clarence Gideons fight to have the right to publicly funded legal counsel for the indigent . On Golden Pond in 1981 , the film adaptation of Ernest Thompsons play , marked one final professional and personal triumph for Fonda . Directed by Mark Rydell , the project provided unprecedented collaborations between Fonda and Katharine Hepburn , along with Fonda and his daughter , Jane . The elder Fonda played an emotionally brittle and distant father who becomes more accessible at the end of his life . Jane Fonda has said that elements of the story mimicked their real-life relationship , and helped them resolve certain issues . She bought the film rights in the hope that her father would play the role , and later described it as a gift to my father that was so unbelievably successful . Premiered in December 1981 , the film was well received by critics , and after a limited release on December 4 , On Golden Pond developed enough of an audience to be widely released on January 22 . With 10 Academy Award nominations , the film earned nearly $120 million at the box office , becoming an unexpected blockbuster . In addition to wins for Hepburn ( Best Actress ) , and Thompson ( Screenplay ) , On Golden Pond brought Fonda his only Oscar - for Best Actor ( he was the oldest recipient of the award ; it also earned him a Golden Globe Best Actor award ) . Fonda was by that point too ill to attend the ceremony , and his daughter Jane accepted on his behalf . She said when accepting the award that her dad would probably quip , Well , aint I lucky . Years later , Fondas performance would be remembered as a brutally honest portrayal of frightened old age . Fondas final performance was in the 1981 television drama Summer Solstice with Myrna Loy . It was filmed after On Golden Pond had wrapped and Fonda was in rapidly declining health . Personal life . Marriages and children . Fonda was married five times and had three children , one of them adopted . His marriage to Margaret Sullavan in 1931 soon ended in separation , which was finalized in a 1933 divorce . In 1936 he married Frances Ford Seymour Brokaw widow of a wealthy industrialist , George Tuttle Brokaw . The Brokaws had a daughter , Frances de Villiers , nicknamed Pan , who had been born soon after the Brokaws marriage in 1931 . Fonda met his future wife Frances at Denham Studios in England on the set of Wings of the Morning , the first picture in Europe to be filmed in three-strip Technicolor . They had two children , Jane ( born December 21 , 1937 ) and Peter ( February 23 , 1940August 16 , 2019 ) , both of whom became successful actors . Jane has won two Best Actress Academy Awards , and Peter was nominated for two Oscars , one for Best Actor . In August 1949 , Fonda announced to Frances that he wanted a divorce so he could remarry ; their 13 years of marriage had not been happy ones for him . Devastated by Fondas confession , and plagued by emotional problems for many years , Frances went into the Austen Riggs Psychiatric Hospital in January 1950 for treatment . She committed suicide there on April 14 . Before her death , she had written six notes to various individuals , but left no final message for her husband . Fonda quickly arranged a private funeral with only himself and his mother-in-law , Sophie Seymour , in attendance . Years later , Dr . Margaret Gibson , the psychiatrist who had treated Frances at Austen Riggs , described Henry Fonda as a cold , self-absorbed person , a complete narcissist . Later in 1950 , Fonda married Susan Blanchard , his mistress . She was 21 years old , the daughter of Australian-born interior designer Dorothy Hammerstein , and the step-daughter of Oscar Hammerstein II . Together , they adopted a daughter , Amy Fishman ( born 1953 ) . They divorced three years later . Blanchard was in awe of Fonda , and she described her role in the marriage as a geisha , doing everything she could to please him , dealing with and solving problems he would not acknowledge . In 1957 Fonda married the Italian baroness Afdera Franchetti . They divorced in 1961 . Soon after , in 1965 , Fonda married Shirlee Mae Adams ( born in 1932 ) , and remained with her until his death in 1982 . Fondas relationship with his children has been described as emotionally distant . Fonda loathed displays of feeling in himself or others , and this was a consistent part of his character . Whenever he felt that his emotional wall was being breached , he had outbursts of anger , exhibiting a furious temper that terrified his family . In Peter Fondas 1998 autobiography Dont Tell Dad ( 1998 ) , he described how he was never sure how his father felt about him . He never volunteered to his father that he loved him until he was elderly , and Peter finally heard , I love you , son . His daughter Jane rejected her fathers friendships with Republican actors such as John Wayne and James Stewart . Their relationship became extremely strained as Jane Fonda became a left-wing activist . Jane Fonda reported feeling detached from her father , especially during her early acting days . In 1958 she met Lee Strasberg while visiting her father at Malibu . The Fonda and Strasberg families were neighbors , and she had developed a friendship with Strasbergs daughter , Susan . Jane Fonda began studying acting with Strasberg , learning the techniques of The Method of which Strasberg was a renowned proponent . This proved to be a pivotal point in her career . As Jane Fonda developed her skill as an actress , she became frustrated with her fathers talent that , to her , appeared a demonstration of effortless ability . Politics . Fonda was an ardent supporter of the Democratic Party and an admirer of U.S . President Franklin D . Roosevelt . In 1960 Fonda appeared in a campaign commercial for presidential candidate John F . Kennedy . The ad focused on Kennedys naval service during World War II , specifically the famous PT-109 incident . He was initially a registered Republican , but switched parties because the Republican party did not represent his values . On acting . In the late 1950s , when Jane Fonda asked her father how he prepared before going on stage , she was baffled by his answer , I dont know , I stand there , I think about my wife , Afdera , I dont know . The writer Al Aronowitz , while working on a profile of Jane Fonda for The Saturday Evening Post in the 1960s , asked Henry Fonda about method acting : I cant articulate about the Method , he told me , because I never studied it . I dont mean to suggest that I have any feelings one way or the other about it...I dont know what the Method is and I dont care what the Method is . Everybodys got a method . Everybody cant articulate about their method , and I cant , if I have a method—and Jane sometimes says that I use the Method , that is , the capital letter Method , without being aware of it . Maybe I do ; it doesnt matter . Aronowitz reported Jane saying , My father cant articulate the way he works . He just cant do it . Hes not even conscious of what he does , and it made him nervous for me to try to articulate what I was trying to do . And I sensed that immediately , so we did very little talking about it...he said , Shut up , I dont want to hear about it . He didnt want me to tell him about it , you know . He wanted to make fun of it . Death and legacy . Fonda died at his Los Angeles home on August 12 , 1982 , from heart disease . Fondas wife , Shirlee , his daughter Jane , and his son Peter were at his side that day . He suffered from prostate cancer , but this did not directly cause his death and was noted only as a concurrent ailment on his death certificate . Fonda requested that no funeral be held , and his body was cremated . President Ronald Reagan , a former actor himself , hailed Fonda as a true professional dedicated to excellence in his craft . He graced the screen with a sincerity and accuracy which made him a legend . The home where Fonda was born in 1905 is preserved at The Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer in Grand Island , Nebraska . Fonda is widely recognized as one of the Hollywood greats of the classic era . On the centenary of his birth , May 16 , 2005 , Turner Classic Movies ( TCM ) honored Fonda with a marathon of his films . Also in May 2005 , the United States Post Office released a 37-cent postage stamp with an artists drawing of Fonda as part of their Hollywood legends series . The Fonda Theatre in Hollywood , originally known as the Carter DeHaven Music Box , was named for the actor in 1985 by the Nederlander Organization . In popular culture . In Joseph Hellers satirical novel Catch-22 , there is a running joke that fictional character Major Major Major Major resembles Henry Fonda . Philip D . Beidler comments that one of the novels great absurd jokes is the characters bewildering resemblance to Henry Fonda . Taking into account when Catch-22 was written , this most likely refers to Fonda circa about 1955 , when he starred in the film Mister Roberts . Filmography . From the beginning of his career in 1935 through his last projects in 1981 , Fonda appeared in 106 films , television programs , and shorts . Through the course of his career , he appeared in many films , including such classics as 12 Angry Men and The Ox-Bow Incident . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 1940s The Grapes of Wrath and won for his part in 1981s On Golden Pond . Fonda made his mark in Westerns ( which included his most villainous role as Frank in Once Upon a Time in the West ) and war films , and made frequent appearances in both television and foreign productions late in his career . Broadway stage performances . - The Game of Love and Death ( November 1929 – January 1930 ) - I Loved You , Wednesday ( October – December 1932 ) - New Faces of 1934 ( Revue ; March – July 1934 ) - The Farmer Takes a Wife ( October 1934 – January 1935 ) - Blow Ye Winds ( September – October 1937 ) - Blockade ( June 1938 ) - Mister Roberts ( February 1948 – January 1951 ) - Point of No Return ( December 1951 – November 1952 ) - The Caine Mutiny ( January 1954 – January 1955 ) - Two for the Seesaw ( January 1958 – October 1959 ) - Silent Night , Lonely Night ( December 1959 – March 1960 ) - Critics Choice ( December 1960 – May 1961 ) - A Gift of Time ( February – May 1962 ) - Generation ( October 1965 – June 1966 ) - Our Town ( November – December 1969 ) - Clarence Darrow ( March – April 1974 ; March 1975 ) - First Monday in October ( October – December 1978 ) Bibliography . - Wise , James . Stars in Blue : Movie Actors in Americas Sea Services . Annapolis , MD : Naval Institute Press , 1997 . . . External links . - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Henry Fonda as found in the 1910 US Census , 1920 US Census , 1930 US Census , 1931 Maryland Marriages , and Social Security Death Index . - Literature on Henry Fonda

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Who was Henry Fonda 's spouse from 1950 to 1956?

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Henry Fonda Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16 , 1905 – August 12 , 1982 ) was an American film and stage actor who had a career that spanned five decades in Hollywood . Fonda cultivated a strong , appealing screen image in several films now considered to be classics , earning one Academy Award for Best Actor on two nominations . Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor and made his Hollywood film debut in 1935 . His film career began to gain momentum with roles such as Bette Daviss fiancé in her Academy Award-winning performance in Jezebel ( 1938 ) , brother Frank in Jesse James ( 1939 ) , and the future President in Young Mr . Lincoln ( 1939 ) , directed by John Ford . His early career peaked with his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in The Grapes of Wrath ( 1940 ) , about an Oklahoma family who moved to California during the Dust Bowl in the 1930s . This film is widely considered to be among the greatest American films , based on a novel of the same name by Nobel laureate for literature , John Steinbeck . In 1941 he starred opposite Barbara Stanwyck in the screwball comedy classic The Lady Eve . Book-ending his service in WWII were his starring roles in two highly regarded westerns : The Ox-Bow Incident ( 1943 ) and My Darling Clementine ( 1946 ) , the latter directed by John Ford , and he also starred in Fords western Fort Apache ( 1948 ) . After a seven-year break from films , during which Fonda focused on stage productions , he returned with the WWII war-boat ensemble Mister Roberts ( 1955 ) . In 1956 , at the age of fifty-one , he played the title role as the thirty-eight-year-old Manny Balestrero in Alfred Hitchcocks thriller The Wrong Man . In 1957 , he starred as Juror #8 , the hold-out juror , in 12 Angry Men . Fonda , who was also the co-producer of this film , won the BAFTA award for Best Foreign Actor . Later in his career , Fonda moved into darker roles , such as the villain in the epic Once Upon a Time in the West ( 1968 ) , underrated and a box office disappointment at its time of release , but now regarded as one of the best westerns of all time . He also played in lighter-hearted fare such as Yours , Mine and Ours with Lucille Ball , but also often played important military figures , such as a colonel in Battle of the Bulge ( 1965 ) , and Admiral Nimitz in Midway ( 1976 ) . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 54th Academy Awards for his final film role in On Golden Pond ( 1981 ) , which also starred Katharine Hepburn and his daughter Jane Fonda , but was too ill to attend the ceremony . He died from heart disease a few months later . Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors , including daughter Jane Fonda , son Peter Fonda , granddaughter Bridget Fonda , and grandson Troy Garity . His family and close friends called him Hank . In 1999 he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Screen Legends of the Classic Hollywood Era ( stars with a film debut by 1950 ) by the American Film Institute . Family history and early life . Born in Grand Island , Nebraska on May 16 , 1905 , Henry Jaynes Fonda was the son of printer William Brace Fonda , and his wife , Herberta ( Jaynes ) . The family moved to Omaha , Nebraska in 1906 . Fondas patriline originates with an ancestor from Genoa , Italy , who migrated to the Netherlands in the 15th century . In 1642 , a branch of the Fonda family immigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland on the East Coast of North America . They were among the first Dutch population to settle in what is now upstate New York , establishing the town of Fonda , New York . By 1888 , many of their descendants had relocated to Nebraska . Fonda was brought up as a Christian Scientist , though he was baptized an Episcopalian at St . Stephens Episcopal Church in Grand Island . He said , My whole damn family was nice . They were a close family and highly supportive , especially in health matters , as they avoided doctors due to their religion . Despite having a religious background , he later became an agnostic . Fonda was a bashful , short boy who tended to avoid girls , except his sisters , and was a good skater , swimmer , and runner . He worked part-time in his fathers print plant and imagined a possible career as a journalist . Later , he worked after school for the phone company . He also enjoyed drawing . Fonda was active in the Boy Scouts of America ; Teichmann reports that he reached the rank of Eagle Scout . However , this is denied elsewhere . When he was about 14 , his father took him to observe the brutal lynching of Will Brown during the Omaha race riot of 1919 . This enraged the young Fonda and he kept a keen awareness of prejudice for the rest of his life . By his senior year in high school , Fonda had grown to more than six feet ( 1.8m ) tall , but remained shy . He attended the University of Minnesota , where he majored in journalism , but did not graduate . While at Minnesota he was a member of Chi Delta Xi , a local fraternity , which later became Chi Phis Gamma Delta chapter on that campus . He took a job with the Retail Credit Company . Career . Early stage work . At age 20 , Fonda started his acting career at the Omaha Community Playhouse when his mothers friend Dodie Brando ( mother of Marlon Brando ) recommended that he try out for a juvenile part in You and I , in which he was cast as Ricky . He was fascinated by the stage , learning everything from set construction to stage production , and embarrassed by his acting ability . When he received the lead in Merton of the Movies , he realized the beauty of acting as a profession , as it allowed him to deflect attention from his own tongue-tied personality and create stage characters relying on someone elses scripted words . Fonda decided to quit his job and go east in 1928 to seek his fortune . He arrived on Cape Cod and played a minor role at the Cape Playhouse in Dennis , Massachusetts . A friend took him to Falmouth , MA where he joined and quickly became a valued member of the University Players , an intercollegiate summer stock company . There , he worked with Margaret Sullavan , his future wife . James Stewart joined the Players a few months after Fonda left , though they were soon to become lifelong friends . Fonda left the Players at the end of their 1931–1932 season after appearing in his first professional role in The Jest , by Sem Benelli . Joshua Logan , a young sophomore at Princeton who had been double-cast in the show , gave Fonda the part of Tornaquinci , an elderly Italian man with a long white beard and even longer hair . Also in the cast of The Jest with Fonda and Logan were Bretaigne Windust , Kent Smith , and Eleanor Phelps . Soon after , Fonda headed for New York City to be with his then wife , Margaret Sullavan . The marriage was brief , but when James Stewart came to New York his luck changed . Getting contact information from Joshua Logan , Jimmy , as he was called , Hank Fonda and these small-town boys found they had a lot in common , as long as they didnt discuss politics . The two men became roommates and honed their skills on Broadway . Fonda appeared in theatrical productions from 1926 to 1934 . They fared no better than many Americans in and out of work during the Great Depression , sometimes lacking enough money to take the subway . Entering Hollywood . Fonda got his first break in films when he was hired in 1935 as Janet Gaynors leading man in 20th Century Foxs screen adaptation of The Farmer Takes a Wife ; he reprised his role from the Broadway production of the same name , which had gained him recognition . Suddenly , Fonda was making $3,000 a week and dining with Hollywood stars such as Carole Lombard . Stewart soon followed him to Hollywood , and they roomed together again , in lodgings next door to Greta Garbo . In 1935 Fonda starred in the RKO film I Dream Too Much with the opera star Lily Pons . The New York Times announced him as Henry Fonda , the most likable of the new crop of romantic juveniles . Fondas film career blossomed as he costarred with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray in The Trail of the Lonesome Pine ( 1936 ) , the first Technicolor movie filmed outdoors . He starred with ex-wife Margaret Sullavan in The Moons Our Home , and a short rekindling of their relationship led to a brief but temporary consideration of remarriage . Fonda got the nod for the lead role in You Only Live Once ( 1937 ) , also costarring Sidney , and directed by Fritz Lang . He starred opposite Bette Davis , who had picked him , in the film Jezebel ( 1938 ) . This was followed by the title role in Young Mr . Lincoln ( 1939 ) , his first collaboration with director John Ford , and that year he played Frank James in Jesse James ( 1939 ) . Another 1939 film was Drums Along the Mohawk , also directed by Ford . Fondas successes led Ford to recruit him to play Tom Joad in the film version of John Steinbecks novel The Grapes of Wrath ( 1940 ) . A reluctant Darryl Zanuck , who preferred Tyrone Power , insisted on Fondas signing a seven-year contract with his studio , Twentieth Century-Fox . Fonda agreed and was ultimately nominated for an Academy Award for his work in the film , which many consider to be his finest role . Fonda starred in Fritz Langs The Return of Frank James ( 1940 ) with Gene Tierney . He then played opposite Barbara Stanwyck in Preston Sturgess The Lady Eve ( 1941 ) , and again teamed with Tierney in the successful screwball comedy Rings on Her Fingers ( 1942 ) . She was one of Fondas favorite co-stars , and they appeared in three films together . He was acclaimed for his role in The Ox-Bow Incident ( 1943 ) . Fonda enlisted in the United States Navy to fight in World War II , saying , I dont want to be in a fake war in a studio . Previously , Stewart and he had helped raise funds for the defense of Britain . Fonda served for three years , initially as a Quartermaster 3rd Class on the destroyer . He was later commissioned as a Lieutenant Junior Grade in Air Combat Intelligence in the Central Pacific and was awarded the Bronze Star Medal and Navy Presidential Unit Citation . After being discharged from active duty due to an overage in rank , Fonda was transferred to the Naval Reserve , serving three years ( 1945-1948 ) . Postwar career . After the war , Fonda took a break from movies and attended Hollywood parties and enjoyed civilian life . Stewart and Fonda would listen to records and invite Johnny Mercer , Hoagy Carmichael , Dinah Shore , and Nat King Cole over for music , with the latter giving the family piano lessons . Fonda played Wyatt Earp in My Darling Clementine ( 1946 ) , which was directed by John Ford . Fonda did seven postwar films until his contract with Fox expired , the last being Otto Premingers Daisy Kenyon ( 1947 ) , opposite Joan Crawford . He starred in The Fugitive ( 1947 ) , which was the first film of Fords new production company , Argosy Pictures . In 1948 he appeared in a subsequent Argosy/Ford production , Fort Apache , as a rigid Army colonel , along with John Wayne and Shirley Temple in her first adult role . Refusing another long-term studio contract , Fonda returned to Broadway , wearing his own officers cap to originate the title role in Mister Roberts , a comedy about the U.S . Navy , during World War II in the South Pacific Ocean where Fonda , a junior officer , Lt . Douglas A . Roberts wages a private war against a tyrannical captain . He won a 1948 Tony Award for the part . Fonda followed that by reprising his performance in the national tour and with successful stage runs in Point of No Return and The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . After an eight-year absence from films , he starred in the same role in the 1955 film version of Mister Roberts with James Cagney , William Powell , and Jack Lemmon , continuing a pattern of bringing his acclaimed stage roles to life on the big screen . On the set of Mister Roberts , Fonda came to blows with director John Ford , who punched him during filming , and Fonda vowed never to work for the director again . While he kept that vow for years , Fonda spoke glowingly of Ford in Peter Bogdanovichs documentary Directed by John Ford and in a documentary on Fords career alongside Ford and James Stewart . Fonda refused to participate until he learned that Ford had insisted on casting Fonda as the lead in the film version of Mr . Roberts , reviving Fondas film career after concentrating on the stage for years . After Mr . Roberts , Fonda was next in Paramount Picturess production of Leo Tolstoys epic novel War and Peace ( 1956 ) about French Emperor Napoleons invasion of Russia in 1812 , in which he played Pierre Bezukhov opposite Audrey Hepburn ; it took two years to shoot . Fonda worked with Alfred Hitchcock in 1956 , playing a man falsely accused of robbery in The Wrong Man ; the unusual semidocumentary work of Hitchcock was based on an actual incident and partly filmed on location . In 1957 Fonda made his first foray into producing with 12 Angry Men , in which he also starred . The film was based on a teleplay and a script by Reginald Rose , and directed by Sidney Lumet . The low-budget production was completed in 17 days of filming , mostly in one claustrophobic jury room . It had a strong cast , including also Jack Klugman , Lee J . Cobb , Martin Balsam , and E . G . Marshall . The intense story about twelve jurors deciding the fate of a young man accused of murder was well received by critics worldwide . Fonda shared the Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations with co-producer Reginald Rose , and won the 1958 BAFTA Award for Best Actor for his performance as Juror #8 . Early on , the film drew poorly , but after gaining recognition and awards , it proved a success . In spite of the outcome , Fonda vowed that he would never produce a movie again , fearing that failing as a producer might derail his acting career . After acting in the western movies The Tin Star ( 1957 ) and Warlock ( 1959 ) , Fonda returned to the production seat for the NBC western television series The Deputy ( 1959–1961 ) , in which he starred as Marshal Simon Fry . His co-stars were Allen Case and Read Morgan . During the 1960s , Fonda performed in a number of war and western epics , including 1962s The Longest Day and the Cinerama production How the West Was Won , 1965s In Harms Way , and Battle of the Bulge . In the Cold War suspense film Fail-Safe ( 1964 ) , Fonda played the President of the United States who tries to avert a nuclear holocaust through tense negotiations with the Soviets after American bombers are mistakenly ordered to attack the USSR . He also returned to more light-hearted cinema in Spencers Mountain ( 1963 ) , which was the inspiration for the 1970s TV series , The Waltons , based on the Great Depression of the 1930s memories of Earl Hamner , Jr. . Fonda appeared against type as the villain Frank in 1968s Once Upon a Time in the West . After initially turning down the role , he was convinced to accept it by actor Eli Wallach and director Sergio Leone ( who had previously tried to hire him to portray the Man with No Name in his Dollars Trilogy , a role that was later taken on by Clint Eastwood ) , who flew from Italy to the United States to persuade him to take the part . Fonda had planned on wearing a pair of brown-colored contact lenses , but Leone preferred the paradox of contrasting close-up shots of Fondas innocent-looking blue eyes with the vicious personality of the character Fonda portrayed . Fondas relationship with Jimmy Stewart survived their disagreements over politics – Fonda was a liberal Democrat , and Stewart a conservative Republican . After a heated argument , they avoided talking politics with each other . The two men teamed up for 1968s Firecreek , where Fonda again played the heavy . In 1970 Fonda and Stewart co-starred in the western The Cheyenne Social Club , in which they humorously argued politics . They had first appeared together on film in On Our Merry Way ( 1948 ) , an episodic comedy which also starred William Demarest and Fred MacMurray and featured a grown-up Carl Alfalfa Switzer , who had acted as a child in the Our Gang movie serials of the 1930s . Later career . Despite approaching his seventies , Fonda continued to work in theater , television and film through the 1970s . In 1970 Fonda appeared in three films ; the most successful was The Cheyenne Social Club . The other two films were Too Late the Hero , in which Fonda played a secondary role , and There Was a Crooked Man , about Paris Pitman Jr . ( played by Kirk Douglas ) trying to escape from an Arizona prison . Fonda returned to both foreign and television productions , which provided career sustenance through a decade in which many aging screen actors suffered waning careers . He starred in the ABC television series The Smith Family between 1971 and 1972 . A TV-movie adaptation of John Steinbecks novel , 1973s The Red Pony , earned Fonda an Emmy nomination . After the unsuccessful Hollywood melodrama , Ash Wednesday , he filmed three Italian productions released in 1973 and 1974 . The most successful of these , My Name Is Nobody , presented Fonda in a rare comedic performance as an old gunslinger whose plans to retire are dampened by a fan of sorts . Fonda continued stage acting throughout his last years , including several demanding roles in Broadway plays . He returned to Broadway in 1974 for the biographical drama , Clarence Darrow , for which he was nominated for a Tony Award . Fondas health had been deteriorating for years , but his first outward symptoms occurred after a performance of the play in April 1974 , when he collapsed from exhaustion . After the appearance of a cardiac arrhythmia brought on by prostate cancer , he had a pacemaker installed following cancer surgery . Fonda returned to the play in 1975 . After the run of a 1978 play , First Monday of October , he took the advice of his doctors and quit plays , though he continued to star in films and television . Fonda appeared in a revival of The Time of Your Life that opened on March 17 , 1972 , at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Los Angeles , where Fonda , Richard Dreyfuss , Gloria Grahame , Ron Thompson , Strother Martin , Jane Alexander , Lewis J . Stadlen , Richard X . Slattery , and Pepper Martin were among the cast with Edwin Sherin directing . In 1976 , Fonda appeared in several notable television productions , the first being , the story of the volatile relationship between President Harry Truman ( E . G . Marshall ) and General MacArthur ( Fonda ) , produced by ABC . After an appearance in the acclaimed Showtime broadcast of Almos a Man , based on a story by Richard Wright , he starred in the epic NBC miniseries Captains and Kings , based on Taylor Caldwells novel . Three years later , he appeared in ABCs , but the miniseries was overshadowed by its predecessor , Roots . Also in 1976 , Fonda starred in the World War II blockbuster Midway . Fonda finished the 1970s in a number of disaster films . The first of these was the 1977 Italian killer octopus thriller Tentacles and Rollercoaster , in which Fonda appeared with George Segal , Richard Widmark and a young Helen Hunt . He performed again with Widmark , Olivia de Havilland , Fred MacMurray , and José Ferrer in the killer bee action film The Swarm . He also acted in the global disaster film Meteor ( his second role as a sitting President of the United States after Fail-Safe ) , with Sean Connery , Natalie Wood , and Karl Malden , and the Canadian production City on Fire , which also featured Shelley Winters and Ava Gardner . Fonda had a small role with his son , Peter , in Wanda Nevada ( 1979 ) , with Brooke Shields . As Fondas health declined and he took longer breaks between filming , critics began to acknowledge the value of his extensive body of work . In 1979 , he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . His Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member Jimmy Stewart . In 1979 , he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame for his achievements on Broadway and received the Kennedy Center Honor . Lifetime Achievement awards from the Golden Globes and Academy Awards followed in 1980 and 1981 , respectively . Fonda continued to act into the early 1980s , though all but one of the productions in which he was featured before his death were for television . The television works included the live performance of Preston Joness The Oldest Living Graduate and the Emmy-nominated Gideons Trumpet ( co-starring Fay Wray in her last performance ) about Clarence Gideons fight to have the right to publicly funded legal counsel for the indigent . On Golden Pond in 1981 , the film adaptation of Ernest Thompsons play , marked one final professional and personal triumph for Fonda . Directed by Mark Rydell , the project provided unprecedented collaborations between Fonda and Katharine Hepburn , along with Fonda and his daughter , Jane . The elder Fonda played an emotionally brittle and distant father who becomes more accessible at the end of his life . Jane Fonda has said that elements of the story mimicked their real-life relationship , and helped them resolve certain issues . She bought the film rights in the hope that her father would play the role , and later described it as a gift to my father that was so unbelievably successful . Premiered in December 1981 , the film was well received by critics , and after a limited release on December 4 , On Golden Pond developed enough of an audience to be widely released on January 22 . With 10 Academy Award nominations , the film earned nearly $120 million at the box office , becoming an unexpected blockbuster . In addition to wins for Hepburn ( Best Actress ) , and Thompson ( Screenplay ) , On Golden Pond brought Fonda his only Oscar - for Best Actor ( he was the oldest recipient of the award ; it also earned him a Golden Globe Best Actor award ) . Fonda was by that point too ill to attend the ceremony , and his daughter Jane accepted on his behalf . She said when accepting the award that her dad would probably quip , Well , aint I lucky . Years later , Fondas performance would be remembered as a brutally honest portrayal of frightened old age . Fondas final performance was in the 1981 television drama Summer Solstice with Myrna Loy . It was filmed after On Golden Pond had wrapped and Fonda was in rapidly declining health . Personal life . Marriages and children . Fonda was married five times and had three children , one of them adopted . His marriage to Margaret Sullavan in 1931 soon ended in separation , which was finalized in a 1933 divorce . In 1936 he married Frances Ford Seymour Brokaw widow of a wealthy industrialist , George Tuttle Brokaw . The Brokaws had a daughter , Frances de Villiers , nicknamed Pan , who had been born soon after the Brokaws marriage in 1931 . Fonda met his future wife Frances at Denham Studios in England on the set of Wings of the Morning , the first picture in Europe to be filmed in three-strip Technicolor . They had two children , Jane ( born December 21 , 1937 ) and Peter ( February 23 , 1940August 16 , 2019 ) , both of whom became successful actors . Jane has won two Best Actress Academy Awards , and Peter was nominated for two Oscars , one for Best Actor . In August 1949 , Fonda announced to Frances that he wanted a divorce so he could remarry ; their 13 years of marriage had not been happy ones for him . Devastated by Fondas confession , and plagued by emotional problems for many years , Frances went into the Austen Riggs Psychiatric Hospital in January 1950 for treatment . She committed suicide there on April 14 . Before her death , she had written six notes to various individuals , but left no final message for her husband . Fonda quickly arranged a private funeral with only himself and his mother-in-law , Sophie Seymour , in attendance . Years later , Dr . Margaret Gibson , the psychiatrist who had treated Frances at Austen Riggs , described Henry Fonda as a cold , self-absorbed person , a complete narcissist . Later in 1950 , Fonda married Susan Blanchard , his mistress . She was 21 years old , the daughter of Australian-born interior designer Dorothy Hammerstein , and the step-daughter of Oscar Hammerstein II . Together , they adopted a daughter , Amy Fishman ( born 1953 ) . They divorced three years later . Blanchard was in awe of Fonda , and she described her role in the marriage as a geisha , doing everything she could to please him , dealing with and solving problems he would not acknowledge . In 1957 Fonda married the Italian baroness Afdera Franchetti . They divorced in 1961 . Soon after , in 1965 , Fonda married Shirlee Mae Adams ( born in 1932 ) , and remained with her until his death in 1982 . Fondas relationship with his children has been described as emotionally distant . Fonda loathed displays of feeling in himself or others , and this was a consistent part of his character . Whenever he felt that his emotional wall was being breached , he had outbursts of anger , exhibiting a furious temper that terrified his family . In Peter Fondas 1998 autobiography Dont Tell Dad ( 1998 ) , he described how he was never sure how his father felt about him . He never volunteered to his father that he loved him until he was elderly , and Peter finally heard , I love you , son . His daughter Jane rejected her fathers friendships with Republican actors such as John Wayne and James Stewart . Their relationship became extremely strained as Jane Fonda became a left-wing activist . Jane Fonda reported feeling detached from her father , especially during her early acting days . In 1958 she met Lee Strasberg while visiting her father at Malibu . The Fonda and Strasberg families were neighbors , and she had developed a friendship with Strasbergs daughter , Susan . Jane Fonda began studying acting with Strasberg , learning the techniques of The Method of which Strasberg was a renowned proponent . This proved to be a pivotal point in her career . As Jane Fonda developed her skill as an actress , she became frustrated with her fathers talent that , to her , appeared a demonstration of effortless ability . Politics . Fonda was an ardent supporter of the Democratic Party and an admirer of U.S . President Franklin D . Roosevelt . In 1960 Fonda appeared in a campaign commercial for presidential candidate John F . Kennedy . The ad focused on Kennedys naval service during World War II , specifically the famous PT-109 incident . He was initially a registered Republican , but switched parties because the Republican party did not represent his values . On acting . In the late 1950s , when Jane Fonda asked her father how he prepared before going on stage , she was baffled by his answer , I dont know , I stand there , I think about my wife , Afdera , I dont know . The writer Al Aronowitz , while working on a profile of Jane Fonda for The Saturday Evening Post in the 1960s , asked Henry Fonda about method acting : I cant articulate about the Method , he told me , because I never studied it . I dont mean to suggest that I have any feelings one way or the other about it...I dont know what the Method is and I dont care what the Method is . Everybodys got a method . Everybody cant articulate about their method , and I cant , if I have a method—and Jane sometimes says that I use the Method , that is , the capital letter Method , without being aware of it . Maybe I do ; it doesnt matter . Aronowitz reported Jane saying , My father cant articulate the way he works . He just cant do it . Hes not even conscious of what he does , and it made him nervous for me to try to articulate what I was trying to do . And I sensed that immediately , so we did very little talking about it...he said , Shut up , I dont want to hear about it . He didnt want me to tell him about it , you know . He wanted to make fun of it . Death and legacy . Fonda died at his Los Angeles home on August 12 , 1982 , from heart disease . Fondas wife , Shirlee , his daughter Jane , and his son Peter were at his side that day . He suffered from prostate cancer , but this did not directly cause his death and was noted only as a concurrent ailment on his death certificate . Fonda requested that no funeral be held , and his body was cremated . President Ronald Reagan , a former actor himself , hailed Fonda as a true professional dedicated to excellence in his craft . He graced the screen with a sincerity and accuracy which made him a legend . The home where Fonda was born in 1905 is preserved at The Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer in Grand Island , Nebraska . Fonda is widely recognized as one of the Hollywood greats of the classic era . On the centenary of his birth , May 16 , 2005 , Turner Classic Movies ( TCM ) honored Fonda with a marathon of his films . Also in May 2005 , the United States Post Office released a 37-cent postage stamp with an artists drawing of Fonda as part of their Hollywood legends series . The Fonda Theatre in Hollywood , originally known as the Carter DeHaven Music Box , was named for the actor in 1985 by the Nederlander Organization . In popular culture . In Joseph Hellers satirical novel Catch-22 , there is a running joke that fictional character Major Major Major Major resembles Henry Fonda . Philip D . Beidler comments that one of the novels great absurd jokes is the characters bewildering resemblance to Henry Fonda . Taking into account when Catch-22 was written , this most likely refers to Fonda circa about 1955 , when he starred in the film Mister Roberts . Filmography . From the beginning of his career in 1935 through his last projects in 1981 , Fonda appeared in 106 films , television programs , and shorts . Through the course of his career , he appeared in many films , including such classics as 12 Angry Men and The Ox-Bow Incident . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 1940s The Grapes of Wrath and won for his part in 1981s On Golden Pond . Fonda made his mark in Westerns ( which included his most villainous role as Frank in Once Upon a Time in the West ) and war films , and made frequent appearances in both television and foreign productions late in his career . Broadway stage performances . - The Game of Love and Death ( November 1929 – January 1930 ) - I Loved You , Wednesday ( October – December 1932 ) - New Faces of 1934 ( Revue ; March – July 1934 ) - The Farmer Takes a Wife ( October 1934 – January 1935 ) - Blow Ye Winds ( September – October 1937 ) - Blockade ( June 1938 ) - Mister Roberts ( February 1948 – January 1951 ) - Point of No Return ( December 1951 – November 1952 ) - The Caine Mutiny ( January 1954 – January 1955 ) - Two for the Seesaw ( January 1958 – October 1959 ) - Silent Night , Lonely Night ( December 1959 – March 1960 ) - Critics Choice ( December 1960 – May 1961 ) - A Gift of Time ( February – May 1962 ) - Generation ( October 1965 – June 1966 ) - Our Town ( November – December 1969 ) - Clarence Darrow ( March – April 1974 ; March 1975 ) - First Monday in October ( October – December 1978 ) Bibliography . - Wise , James . Stars in Blue : Movie Actors in Americas Sea Services . Annapolis , MD : Naval Institute Press , 1997 . . . External links . - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Henry Fonda as found in the 1910 US Census , 1920 US Census , 1930 US Census , 1931 Maryland Marriages , and Social Security Death Index . - Literature on Henry Fonda

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Who was Henry Fonda 's spouse from 1957 to 1961?

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Henry Fonda Henry Jaynes Fonda ( May 16 , 1905 – August 12 , 1982 ) was an American film and stage actor who had a career that spanned five decades in Hollywood . Fonda cultivated a strong , appealing screen image in several films now considered to be classics , earning one Academy Award for Best Actor on two nominations . Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor and made his Hollywood film debut in 1935 . His film career began to gain momentum with roles such as Bette Daviss fiancé in her Academy Award-winning performance in Jezebel ( 1938 ) , brother Frank in Jesse James ( 1939 ) , and the future President in Young Mr . Lincoln ( 1939 ) , directed by John Ford . His early career peaked with his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in The Grapes of Wrath ( 1940 ) , about an Oklahoma family who moved to California during the Dust Bowl in the 1930s . This film is widely considered to be among the greatest American films , based on a novel of the same name by Nobel laureate for literature , John Steinbeck . In 1941 he starred opposite Barbara Stanwyck in the screwball comedy classic The Lady Eve . Book-ending his service in WWII were his starring roles in two highly regarded westerns : The Ox-Bow Incident ( 1943 ) and My Darling Clementine ( 1946 ) , the latter directed by John Ford , and he also starred in Fords western Fort Apache ( 1948 ) . After a seven-year break from films , during which Fonda focused on stage productions , he returned with the WWII war-boat ensemble Mister Roberts ( 1955 ) . In 1956 , at the age of fifty-one , he played the title role as the thirty-eight-year-old Manny Balestrero in Alfred Hitchcocks thriller The Wrong Man . In 1957 , he starred as Juror #8 , the hold-out juror , in 12 Angry Men . Fonda , who was also the co-producer of this film , won the BAFTA award for Best Foreign Actor . Later in his career , Fonda moved into darker roles , such as the villain in the epic Once Upon a Time in the West ( 1968 ) , underrated and a box office disappointment at its time of release , but now regarded as one of the best westerns of all time . He also played in lighter-hearted fare such as Yours , Mine and Ours with Lucille Ball , but also often played important military figures , such as a colonel in Battle of the Bulge ( 1965 ) , and Admiral Nimitz in Midway ( 1976 ) . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 54th Academy Awards for his final film role in On Golden Pond ( 1981 ) , which also starred Katharine Hepburn and his daughter Jane Fonda , but was too ill to attend the ceremony . He died from heart disease a few months later . Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors , including daughter Jane Fonda , son Peter Fonda , granddaughter Bridget Fonda , and grandson Troy Garity . His family and close friends called him Hank . In 1999 he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Screen Legends of the Classic Hollywood Era ( stars with a film debut by 1950 ) by the American Film Institute . Family history and early life . Born in Grand Island , Nebraska on May 16 , 1905 , Henry Jaynes Fonda was the son of printer William Brace Fonda , and his wife , Herberta ( Jaynes ) . The family moved to Omaha , Nebraska in 1906 . Fondas patriline originates with an ancestor from Genoa , Italy , who migrated to the Netherlands in the 15th century . In 1642 , a branch of the Fonda family immigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland on the East Coast of North America . They were among the first Dutch population to settle in what is now upstate New York , establishing the town of Fonda , New York . By 1888 , many of their descendants had relocated to Nebraska . Fonda was brought up as a Christian Scientist , though he was baptized an Episcopalian at St . Stephens Episcopal Church in Grand Island . He said , My whole damn family was nice . They were a close family and highly supportive , especially in health matters , as they avoided doctors due to their religion . Despite having a religious background , he later became an agnostic . Fonda was a bashful , short boy who tended to avoid girls , except his sisters , and was a good skater , swimmer , and runner . He worked part-time in his fathers print plant and imagined a possible career as a journalist . Later , he worked after school for the phone company . He also enjoyed drawing . Fonda was active in the Boy Scouts of America ; Teichmann reports that he reached the rank of Eagle Scout . However , this is denied elsewhere . When he was about 14 , his father took him to observe the brutal lynching of Will Brown during the Omaha race riot of 1919 . This enraged the young Fonda and he kept a keen awareness of prejudice for the rest of his life . By his senior year in high school , Fonda had grown to more than six feet ( 1.8m ) tall , but remained shy . He attended the University of Minnesota , where he majored in journalism , but did not graduate . While at Minnesota he was a member of Chi Delta Xi , a local fraternity , which later became Chi Phis Gamma Delta chapter on that campus . He took a job with the Retail Credit Company . Career . Early stage work . At age 20 , Fonda started his acting career at the Omaha Community Playhouse when his mothers friend Dodie Brando ( mother of Marlon Brando ) recommended that he try out for a juvenile part in You and I , in which he was cast as Ricky . He was fascinated by the stage , learning everything from set construction to stage production , and embarrassed by his acting ability . When he received the lead in Merton of the Movies , he realized the beauty of acting as a profession , as it allowed him to deflect attention from his own tongue-tied personality and create stage characters relying on someone elses scripted words . Fonda decided to quit his job and go east in 1928 to seek his fortune . He arrived on Cape Cod and played a minor role at the Cape Playhouse in Dennis , Massachusetts . A friend took him to Falmouth , MA where he joined and quickly became a valued member of the University Players , an intercollegiate summer stock company . There , he worked with Margaret Sullavan , his future wife . James Stewart joined the Players a few months after Fonda left , though they were soon to become lifelong friends . Fonda left the Players at the end of their 1931–1932 season after appearing in his first professional role in The Jest , by Sem Benelli . Joshua Logan , a young sophomore at Princeton who had been double-cast in the show , gave Fonda the part of Tornaquinci , an elderly Italian man with a long white beard and even longer hair . Also in the cast of The Jest with Fonda and Logan were Bretaigne Windust , Kent Smith , and Eleanor Phelps . Soon after , Fonda headed for New York City to be with his then wife , Margaret Sullavan . The marriage was brief , but when James Stewart came to New York his luck changed . Getting contact information from Joshua Logan , Jimmy , as he was called , Hank Fonda and these small-town boys found they had a lot in common , as long as they didnt discuss politics . The two men became roommates and honed their skills on Broadway . Fonda appeared in theatrical productions from 1926 to 1934 . They fared no better than many Americans in and out of work during the Great Depression , sometimes lacking enough money to take the subway . Entering Hollywood . Fonda got his first break in films when he was hired in 1935 as Janet Gaynors leading man in 20th Century Foxs screen adaptation of The Farmer Takes a Wife ; he reprised his role from the Broadway production of the same name , which had gained him recognition . Suddenly , Fonda was making $3,000 a week and dining with Hollywood stars such as Carole Lombard . Stewart soon followed him to Hollywood , and they roomed together again , in lodgings next door to Greta Garbo . In 1935 Fonda starred in the RKO film I Dream Too Much with the opera star Lily Pons . The New York Times announced him as Henry Fonda , the most likable of the new crop of romantic juveniles . Fondas film career blossomed as he costarred with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray in The Trail of the Lonesome Pine ( 1936 ) , the first Technicolor movie filmed outdoors . He starred with ex-wife Margaret Sullavan in The Moons Our Home , and a short rekindling of their relationship led to a brief but temporary consideration of remarriage . Fonda got the nod for the lead role in You Only Live Once ( 1937 ) , also costarring Sidney , and directed by Fritz Lang . He starred opposite Bette Davis , who had picked him , in the film Jezebel ( 1938 ) . This was followed by the title role in Young Mr . Lincoln ( 1939 ) , his first collaboration with director John Ford , and that year he played Frank James in Jesse James ( 1939 ) . Another 1939 film was Drums Along the Mohawk , also directed by Ford . Fondas successes led Ford to recruit him to play Tom Joad in the film version of John Steinbecks novel The Grapes of Wrath ( 1940 ) . A reluctant Darryl Zanuck , who preferred Tyrone Power , insisted on Fondas signing a seven-year contract with his studio , Twentieth Century-Fox . Fonda agreed and was ultimately nominated for an Academy Award for his work in the film , which many consider to be his finest role . Fonda starred in Fritz Langs The Return of Frank James ( 1940 ) with Gene Tierney . He then played opposite Barbara Stanwyck in Preston Sturgess The Lady Eve ( 1941 ) , and again teamed with Tierney in the successful screwball comedy Rings on Her Fingers ( 1942 ) . She was one of Fondas favorite co-stars , and they appeared in three films together . He was acclaimed for his role in The Ox-Bow Incident ( 1943 ) . Fonda enlisted in the United States Navy to fight in World War II , saying , I dont want to be in a fake war in a studio . Previously , Stewart and he had helped raise funds for the defense of Britain . Fonda served for three years , initially as a Quartermaster 3rd Class on the destroyer . He was later commissioned as a Lieutenant Junior Grade in Air Combat Intelligence in the Central Pacific and was awarded the Bronze Star Medal and Navy Presidential Unit Citation . After being discharged from active duty due to an overage in rank , Fonda was transferred to the Naval Reserve , serving three years ( 1945-1948 ) . Postwar career . After the war , Fonda took a break from movies and attended Hollywood parties and enjoyed civilian life . Stewart and Fonda would listen to records and invite Johnny Mercer , Hoagy Carmichael , Dinah Shore , and Nat King Cole over for music , with the latter giving the family piano lessons . Fonda played Wyatt Earp in My Darling Clementine ( 1946 ) , which was directed by John Ford . Fonda did seven postwar films until his contract with Fox expired , the last being Otto Premingers Daisy Kenyon ( 1947 ) , opposite Joan Crawford . He starred in The Fugitive ( 1947 ) , which was the first film of Fords new production company , Argosy Pictures . In 1948 he appeared in a subsequent Argosy/Ford production , Fort Apache , as a rigid Army colonel , along with John Wayne and Shirley Temple in her first adult role . Refusing another long-term studio contract , Fonda returned to Broadway , wearing his own officers cap to originate the title role in Mister Roberts , a comedy about the U.S . Navy , during World War II in the South Pacific Ocean where Fonda , a junior officer , Lt . Douglas A . Roberts wages a private war against a tyrannical captain . He won a 1948 Tony Award for the part . Fonda followed that by reprising his performance in the national tour and with successful stage runs in Point of No Return and The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . After an eight-year absence from films , he starred in the same role in the 1955 film version of Mister Roberts with James Cagney , William Powell , and Jack Lemmon , continuing a pattern of bringing his acclaimed stage roles to life on the big screen . On the set of Mister Roberts , Fonda came to blows with director John Ford , who punched him during filming , and Fonda vowed never to work for the director again . While he kept that vow for years , Fonda spoke glowingly of Ford in Peter Bogdanovichs documentary Directed by John Ford and in a documentary on Fords career alongside Ford and James Stewart . Fonda refused to participate until he learned that Ford had insisted on casting Fonda as the lead in the film version of Mr . Roberts , reviving Fondas film career after concentrating on the stage for years . After Mr . Roberts , Fonda was next in Paramount Picturess production of Leo Tolstoys epic novel War and Peace ( 1956 ) about French Emperor Napoleons invasion of Russia in 1812 , in which he played Pierre Bezukhov opposite Audrey Hepburn ; it took two years to shoot . Fonda worked with Alfred Hitchcock in 1956 , playing a man falsely accused of robbery in The Wrong Man ; the unusual semidocumentary work of Hitchcock was based on an actual incident and partly filmed on location . In 1957 Fonda made his first foray into producing with 12 Angry Men , in which he also starred . The film was based on a teleplay and a script by Reginald Rose , and directed by Sidney Lumet . The low-budget production was completed in 17 days of filming , mostly in one claustrophobic jury room . It had a strong cast , including also Jack Klugman , Lee J . Cobb , Martin Balsam , and E . G . Marshall . The intense story about twelve jurors deciding the fate of a young man accused of murder was well received by critics worldwide . Fonda shared the Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations with co-producer Reginald Rose , and won the 1958 BAFTA Award for Best Actor for his performance as Juror #8 . Early on , the film drew poorly , but after gaining recognition and awards , it proved a success . In spite of the outcome , Fonda vowed that he would never produce a movie again , fearing that failing as a producer might derail his acting career . After acting in the western movies The Tin Star ( 1957 ) and Warlock ( 1959 ) , Fonda returned to the production seat for the NBC western television series The Deputy ( 1959–1961 ) , in which he starred as Marshal Simon Fry . His co-stars were Allen Case and Read Morgan . During the 1960s , Fonda performed in a number of war and western epics , including 1962s The Longest Day and the Cinerama production How the West Was Won , 1965s In Harms Way , and Battle of the Bulge . In the Cold War suspense film Fail-Safe ( 1964 ) , Fonda played the President of the United States who tries to avert a nuclear holocaust through tense negotiations with the Soviets after American bombers are mistakenly ordered to attack the USSR . He also returned to more light-hearted cinema in Spencers Mountain ( 1963 ) , which was the inspiration for the 1970s TV series , The Waltons , based on the Great Depression of the 1930s memories of Earl Hamner , Jr. . Fonda appeared against type as the villain Frank in 1968s Once Upon a Time in the West . After initially turning down the role , he was convinced to accept it by actor Eli Wallach and director Sergio Leone ( who had previously tried to hire him to portray the Man with No Name in his Dollars Trilogy , a role that was later taken on by Clint Eastwood ) , who flew from Italy to the United States to persuade him to take the part . Fonda had planned on wearing a pair of brown-colored contact lenses , but Leone preferred the paradox of contrasting close-up shots of Fondas innocent-looking blue eyes with the vicious personality of the character Fonda portrayed . Fondas relationship with Jimmy Stewart survived their disagreements over politics – Fonda was a liberal Democrat , and Stewart a conservative Republican . After a heated argument , they avoided talking politics with each other . The two men teamed up for 1968s Firecreek , where Fonda again played the heavy . In 1970 Fonda and Stewart co-starred in the western The Cheyenne Social Club , in which they humorously argued politics . They had first appeared together on film in On Our Merry Way ( 1948 ) , an episodic comedy which also starred William Demarest and Fred MacMurray and featured a grown-up Carl Alfalfa Switzer , who had acted as a child in the Our Gang movie serials of the 1930s . Later career . Despite approaching his seventies , Fonda continued to work in theater , television and film through the 1970s . In 1970 Fonda appeared in three films ; the most successful was The Cheyenne Social Club . The other two films were Too Late the Hero , in which Fonda played a secondary role , and There Was a Crooked Man , about Paris Pitman Jr . ( played by Kirk Douglas ) trying to escape from an Arizona prison . Fonda returned to both foreign and television productions , which provided career sustenance through a decade in which many aging screen actors suffered waning careers . He starred in the ABC television series The Smith Family between 1971 and 1972 . A TV-movie adaptation of John Steinbecks novel , 1973s The Red Pony , earned Fonda an Emmy nomination . After the unsuccessful Hollywood melodrama , Ash Wednesday , he filmed three Italian productions released in 1973 and 1974 . The most successful of these , My Name Is Nobody , presented Fonda in a rare comedic performance as an old gunslinger whose plans to retire are dampened by a fan of sorts . Fonda continued stage acting throughout his last years , including several demanding roles in Broadway plays . He returned to Broadway in 1974 for the biographical drama , Clarence Darrow , for which he was nominated for a Tony Award . Fondas health had been deteriorating for years , but his first outward symptoms occurred after a performance of the play in April 1974 , when he collapsed from exhaustion . After the appearance of a cardiac arrhythmia brought on by prostate cancer , he had a pacemaker installed following cancer surgery . Fonda returned to the play in 1975 . After the run of a 1978 play , First Monday of October , he took the advice of his doctors and quit plays , though he continued to star in films and television . Fonda appeared in a revival of The Time of Your Life that opened on March 17 , 1972 , at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Los Angeles , where Fonda , Richard Dreyfuss , Gloria Grahame , Ron Thompson , Strother Martin , Jane Alexander , Lewis J . Stadlen , Richard X . Slattery , and Pepper Martin were among the cast with Edwin Sherin directing . In 1976 , Fonda appeared in several notable television productions , the first being , the story of the volatile relationship between President Harry Truman ( E . G . Marshall ) and General MacArthur ( Fonda ) , produced by ABC . After an appearance in the acclaimed Showtime broadcast of Almos a Man , based on a story by Richard Wright , he starred in the epic NBC miniseries Captains and Kings , based on Taylor Caldwells novel . Three years later , he appeared in ABCs , but the miniseries was overshadowed by its predecessor , Roots . Also in 1976 , Fonda starred in the World War II blockbuster Midway . Fonda finished the 1970s in a number of disaster films . The first of these was the 1977 Italian killer octopus thriller Tentacles and Rollercoaster , in which Fonda appeared with George Segal , Richard Widmark and a young Helen Hunt . He performed again with Widmark , Olivia de Havilland , Fred MacMurray , and José Ferrer in the killer bee action film The Swarm . He also acted in the global disaster film Meteor ( his second role as a sitting President of the United States after Fail-Safe ) , with Sean Connery , Natalie Wood , and Karl Malden , and the Canadian production City on Fire , which also featured Shelley Winters and Ava Gardner . Fonda had a small role with his son , Peter , in Wanda Nevada ( 1979 ) , with Brooke Shields . As Fondas health declined and he took longer breaks between filming , critics began to acknowledge the value of his extensive body of work . In 1979 , he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . His Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member Jimmy Stewart . In 1979 , he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame for his achievements on Broadway and received the Kennedy Center Honor . Lifetime Achievement awards from the Golden Globes and Academy Awards followed in 1980 and 1981 , respectively . Fonda continued to act into the early 1980s , though all but one of the productions in which he was featured before his death were for television . The television works included the live performance of Preston Joness The Oldest Living Graduate and the Emmy-nominated Gideons Trumpet ( co-starring Fay Wray in her last performance ) about Clarence Gideons fight to have the right to publicly funded legal counsel for the indigent . On Golden Pond in 1981 , the film adaptation of Ernest Thompsons play , marked one final professional and personal triumph for Fonda . Directed by Mark Rydell , the project provided unprecedented collaborations between Fonda and Katharine Hepburn , along with Fonda and his daughter , Jane . The elder Fonda played an emotionally brittle and distant father who becomes more accessible at the end of his life . Jane Fonda has said that elements of the story mimicked their real-life relationship , and helped them resolve certain issues . She bought the film rights in the hope that her father would play the role , and later described it as a gift to my father that was so unbelievably successful . Premiered in December 1981 , the film was well received by critics , and after a limited release on December 4 , On Golden Pond developed enough of an audience to be widely released on January 22 . With 10 Academy Award nominations , the film earned nearly $120 million at the box office , becoming an unexpected blockbuster . In addition to wins for Hepburn ( Best Actress ) , and Thompson ( Screenplay ) , On Golden Pond brought Fonda his only Oscar - for Best Actor ( he was the oldest recipient of the award ; it also earned him a Golden Globe Best Actor award ) . Fonda was by that point too ill to attend the ceremony , and his daughter Jane accepted on his behalf . She said when accepting the award that her dad would probably quip , Well , aint I lucky . Years later , Fondas performance would be remembered as a brutally honest portrayal of frightened old age . Fondas final performance was in the 1981 television drama Summer Solstice with Myrna Loy . It was filmed after On Golden Pond had wrapped and Fonda was in rapidly declining health . Personal life . Marriages and children . Fonda was married five times and had three children , one of them adopted . His marriage to Margaret Sullavan in 1931 soon ended in separation , which was finalized in a 1933 divorce . In 1936 he married Frances Ford Seymour Brokaw widow of a wealthy industrialist , George Tuttle Brokaw . The Brokaws had a daughter , Frances de Villiers , nicknamed Pan , who had been born soon after the Brokaws marriage in 1931 . Fonda met his future wife Frances at Denham Studios in England on the set of Wings of the Morning , the first picture in Europe to be filmed in three-strip Technicolor . They had two children , Jane ( born December 21 , 1937 ) and Peter ( February 23 , 1940August 16 , 2019 ) , both of whom became successful actors . Jane has won two Best Actress Academy Awards , and Peter was nominated for two Oscars , one for Best Actor . In August 1949 , Fonda announced to Frances that he wanted a divorce so he could remarry ; their 13 years of marriage had not been happy ones for him . Devastated by Fondas confession , and plagued by emotional problems for many years , Frances went into the Austen Riggs Psychiatric Hospital in January 1950 for treatment . She committed suicide there on April 14 . Before her death , she had written six notes to various individuals , but left no final message for her husband . Fonda quickly arranged a private funeral with only himself and his mother-in-law , Sophie Seymour , in attendance . Years later , Dr . Margaret Gibson , the psychiatrist who had treated Frances at Austen Riggs , described Henry Fonda as a cold , self-absorbed person , a complete narcissist . Later in 1950 , Fonda married Susan Blanchard , his mistress . She was 21 years old , the daughter of Australian-born interior designer Dorothy Hammerstein , and the step-daughter of Oscar Hammerstein II . Together , they adopted a daughter , Amy Fishman ( born 1953 ) . They divorced three years later . Blanchard was in awe of Fonda , and she described her role in the marriage as a geisha , doing everything she could to please him , dealing with and solving problems he would not acknowledge . In 1957 Fonda married the Italian baroness Afdera Franchetti . They divorced in 1961 . Soon after , in 1965 , Fonda married Shirlee Mae Adams ( born in 1932 ) , and remained with her until his death in 1982 . Fondas relationship with his children has been described as emotionally distant . Fonda loathed displays of feeling in himself or others , and this was a consistent part of his character . Whenever he felt that his emotional wall was being breached , he had outbursts of anger , exhibiting a furious temper that terrified his family . In Peter Fondas 1998 autobiography Dont Tell Dad ( 1998 ) , he described how he was never sure how his father felt about him . He never volunteered to his father that he loved him until he was elderly , and Peter finally heard , I love you , son . His daughter Jane rejected her fathers friendships with Republican actors such as John Wayne and James Stewart . Their relationship became extremely strained as Jane Fonda became a left-wing activist . Jane Fonda reported feeling detached from her father , especially during her early acting days . In 1958 she met Lee Strasberg while visiting her father at Malibu . The Fonda and Strasberg families were neighbors , and she had developed a friendship with Strasbergs daughter , Susan . Jane Fonda began studying acting with Strasberg , learning the techniques of The Method of which Strasberg was a renowned proponent . This proved to be a pivotal point in her career . As Jane Fonda developed her skill as an actress , she became frustrated with her fathers talent that , to her , appeared a demonstration of effortless ability . Politics . Fonda was an ardent supporter of the Democratic Party and an admirer of U.S . President Franklin D . Roosevelt . In 1960 Fonda appeared in a campaign commercial for presidential candidate John F . Kennedy . The ad focused on Kennedys naval service during World War II , specifically the famous PT-109 incident . He was initially a registered Republican , but switched parties because the Republican party did not represent his values . On acting . In the late 1950s , when Jane Fonda asked her father how he prepared before going on stage , she was baffled by his answer , I dont know , I stand there , I think about my wife , Afdera , I dont know . The writer Al Aronowitz , while working on a profile of Jane Fonda for The Saturday Evening Post in the 1960s , asked Henry Fonda about method acting : I cant articulate about the Method , he told me , because I never studied it . I dont mean to suggest that I have any feelings one way or the other about it...I dont know what the Method is and I dont care what the Method is . Everybodys got a method . Everybody cant articulate about their method , and I cant , if I have a method—and Jane sometimes says that I use the Method , that is , the capital letter Method , without being aware of it . Maybe I do ; it doesnt matter . Aronowitz reported Jane saying , My father cant articulate the way he works . He just cant do it . Hes not even conscious of what he does , and it made him nervous for me to try to articulate what I was trying to do . And I sensed that immediately , so we did very little talking about it...he said , Shut up , I dont want to hear about it . He didnt want me to tell him about it , you know . He wanted to make fun of it . Death and legacy . Fonda died at his Los Angeles home on August 12 , 1982 , from heart disease . Fondas wife , Shirlee , his daughter Jane , and his son Peter were at his side that day . He suffered from prostate cancer , but this did not directly cause his death and was noted only as a concurrent ailment on his death certificate . Fonda requested that no funeral be held , and his body was cremated . President Ronald Reagan , a former actor himself , hailed Fonda as a true professional dedicated to excellence in his craft . He graced the screen with a sincerity and accuracy which made him a legend . The home where Fonda was born in 1905 is preserved at The Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer in Grand Island , Nebraska . Fonda is widely recognized as one of the Hollywood greats of the classic era . On the centenary of his birth , May 16 , 2005 , Turner Classic Movies ( TCM ) honored Fonda with a marathon of his films . Also in May 2005 , the United States Post Office released a 37-cent postage stamp with an artists drawing of Fonda as part of their Hollywood legends series . The Fonda Theatre in Hollywood , originally known as the Carter DeHaven Music Box , was named for the actor in 1985 by the Nederlander Organization . In popular culture . In Joseph Hellers satirical novel Catch-22 , there is a running joke that fictional character Major Major Major Major resembles Henry Fonda . Philip D . Beidler comments that one of the novels great absurd jokes is the characters bewildering resemblance to Henry Fonda . Taking into account when Catch-22 was written , this most likely refers to Fonda circa about 1955 , when he starred in the film Mister Roberts . Filmography . From the beginning of his career in 1935 through his last projects in 1981 , Fonda appeared in 106 films , television programs , and shorts . Through the course of his career , he appeared in many films , including such classics as 12 Angry Men and The Ox-Bow Incident . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 1940s The Grapes of Wrath and won for his part in 1981s On Golden Pond . Fonda made his mark in Westerns ( which included his most villainous role as Frank in Once Upon a Time in the West ) and war films , and made frequent appearances in both television and foreign productions late in his career . Broadway stage performances . - The Game of Love and Death ( November 1929 – January 1930 ) - I Loved You , Wednesday ( October – December 1932 ) - New Faces of 1934 ( Revue ; March – July 1934 ) - The Farmer Takes a Wife ( October 1934 – January 1935 ) - Blow Ye Winds ( September – October 1937 ) - Blockade ( June 1938 ) - Mister Roberts ( February 1948 – January 1951 ) - Point of No Return ( December 1951 – November 1952 ) - The Caine Mutiny ( January 1954 – January 1955 ) - Two for the Seesaw ( January 1958 – October 1959 ) - Silent Night , Lonely Night ( December 1959 – March 1960 ) - Critics Choice ( December 1960 – May 1961 ) - A Gift of Time ( February – May 1962 ) - Generation ( October 1965 – June 1966 ) - Our Town ( November – December 1969 ) - Clarence Darrow ( March – April 1974 ; March 1975 ) - First Monday in October ( October – December 1978 ) Bibliography . - Wise , James . Stars in Blue : Movie Actors in Americas Sea Services . Annapolis , MD : Naval Institute Press , 1997 . . . External links . - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Retrieved on 2008-07-26 Retrieved on 2008-07-26 - Henry Fonda as found in the 1910 US Census , 1920 US Census , 1930 US Census , 1931 Maryland Marriages , and Social Security Death Index . - Literature on Henry Fonda

easy

What was the residence of Gordon W. McKay from 1911 to 1930?

/wiki/Gordon_W._McKay#P551#0

Gordon W . McKay Gordon William McKay ( March 17 , 1910 – October 26 , 1990 ) was an American politician and businessman from Oregon . He was a Republican who served two four-year terms in the Oregon State Senate . In the senate , McKay represented a large rural district in Central Oregon . While serving in the state senate , he was a champion of tax relief and helped modernize the states criminal code . In the private sector , he was president of a title insurance company in Bend , Oregon . Early life . McKay was born on March 17 , 1910 in Aitkin , Minnesota . His parents were Clyde Marshall and Olive Elizabeth ( Spencer ) McKay . In 1911 , when he was less than a year old , McKay moved with his parents to Oregon . They traveled to central Oregon by passenger train , disembarking at Shaniko , where the railroad line ended at that time . From there the family , took a stagecoach to Bend , where they settled . After arriving in Bend , his father became active in business , civic affairs , and local politics . McKays father founded the Bend Company , a sawmill operation located along the Deschutes River . Later , his father became president of the Deschutes County Title and Abstract Company . He actively supported the effort to form a new county from the western part of Crook County . When the new Deschutes County was created in 1916 , McKays father was elected county treasurer , a position he held for 14 years . In addition , he served on the Bend city council and the local school board . McKay attended school in Bend , graduating from high school there in 1929 . He then attended the University of Oregon . Construction career . In 1930 , McKay left Bend to take a job with the Oregon Highway Department . He worked for the highway department for four years before taking a career position as a construction engineer with the United States Bureau of Reclamation . His first assignment with the bureau began in 1934 at Parker Dam on the Colorado River located on the border between California and Arizona . In 1936 , McKay married Melba T . McKay . Prior to her marriage , she worked at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios in Hollywood , California . After their marriage , Melba joined her husband at the Parker Dam site . Together they had two children . McKay worked at Parker Dam for a total of four years before transferring to Marshall Ford Dam near Austin , Texas . He remained there until 1942 , when he was reassigned to a power station in Phoenix , Arizona . In early 1943 , McKay left the Bureau of Reclamation to join the United States Navy . He served as a Chief Warrant Officer in the Seabees , specializing in amphibious landings . He saw combat action in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater during World War II including participation in the Battle of Tarawa . McKay was discharged from the navy in early 1946 . Businessman and civic leader . After leaving the navy , McKay moved to Los Angeles , where he sold real estate for four years . He returned to Bend in 1950 , becoming vice president of Deschutes County Title and Abstract Company . At that time , his father was still president of the company . In 1952 , McKays wife Melba died of cancer at the age of 40 . A year later , McKay married Evelyn Ruth Watson . Prior to her marriage , she owned and operated a cattle ranch along the Lewis River in Washington . After their marriage , she joined McKay in Bend . In Bend , McKay was involved in a number of civic organizations . He was president of the local Kiwanis . He served on the Bend-La Pine School Board for eleven years , from 1953 through 1963 . This included a term as board chairman . He was also a member of the Central Oregon Community College Foundation board of directors , a member of the Central Oregon Realty Board , and the Oregon Land Title Association . He was elected president of that organization in 1957 . He was a member of the Bend chamber of commerce and served as chairman of the local United Way fund drive . In 1959 , he was chosen as the Bend communitys Boss of the Year . A year later , he was honored as Bends Senior Citizen of the Year . State Senator . In 1964 , McKay decided to run for a seat in the Oregon State Senate as a Republican . He was unopposed in the 1964 Republican primary . In the general election that followed , McKay defeated the Democratic candidate , Charles L . Allen of Tumalo . In the state senate , he represented District 19 which at the time included Crook , Deschutes , Jefferson , and Lake counties . The 1965 legislative session lasted just over four months , from January 11 through May 14 . During the session , he was appointed to the powerful ways and means committee . He also participated in a week-long special legislative session , shortly after the close of the 1965 regular session . Because terms in the Oregon state senate last four years , McKay was seated in the 1967 legislative sessions without running for re-election in 1966 . The 1967 session began on January 11 and lasted through June 14 . During the session , McKay served as chairman of the elections committee and vice chairman of the commerce and utilities committee . He was also a member of the ways and means , air and water quality control , health and welfare , and judiciary committees . In 1968 , McKay ran for a second term representing District 19 . He was unopposed in the Republican primary and got enough write-in votes in the Democratic primary to win that partys nomination as well . As a result , he was unopposed in the general election . The 1969 legislative session lasted just over three months , starting on January 13 and ending on April 23 . During the session , McKay chaired the rules and resolutions committee and was a member of the ways and means , constitutional revisions and government reorganization , and judiciary committees . His main focus during the session was tax relief . During the second half of his second senate term , McKay attended the regular 1971 legislative session . That session began on January 11 and lasted through June 10 . McKay served as chairman of the financial affairs committee and vice chairman of the rules and resolutions committee . He was also a member of the judiciary committee . During the session , he helped enact legislation that revised the states criminal code . Prior to the 1972 election , state senate districts were reorganized . In the redistricting , Deschutes County ( McKays home county ) was joined with Klamath County to form District 27 . In 1972 , McKay ran for a third senate term . This time , seeking to represent District 27 . He won the Republican nomination , but lost the general election to his Democratic opponent , Fred W . Heard of Klamath Falls . In the general election , McKay easily won Deschutes County with 8,509 votes against 6,131 votes for Heard . However , it was the opposite story in Klamath County , where Heard won by an even greater margin . The final vote was 12,578 for McKay and 15,205 for Heard . McKay left the state senate in January 1973 when his second term expired . Later life and legacy . After leaving the state Senate , McKay returned to his title insurance business in Bend . When he eventually retired from business , McKay and his third wife , Della Marjorie ( Phillips ) McKay , traveled around the country in a motor home . This included regular trips up and down the west coast to watch University of Oregon Ducks football games . Over the years , they traveled enough to wear out two motor home engines . McKay died of a heart attack at his home in Bend on October 26 , 1990 . He was 80 years old at the time of his death . McKay is buried in Pilot Butte Cemetery in Bend . McKays boyhood home was built in 1916 . It is a craftsman style bungalow . Its original site overlooked the Deschutes River . In 1973 , the house was moved to a new location , upstream along the river . It was then restored with the help of the Deschutes County Historical Society . Today , it is a popular restaurant called McKays Cottage . External links . - Oregon Blue Book Legislative Guide

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What was the residence of Gordon W. McKay from 1946 to 1950?

/wiki/Gordon_W._McKay#P551#1

Gordon W . McKay Gordon William McKay ( March 17 , 1910 – October 26 , 1990 ) was an American politician and businessman from Oregon . He was a Republican who served two four-year terms in the Oregon State Senate . In the senate , McKay represented a large rural district in Central Oregon . While serving in the state senate , he was a champion of tax relief and helped modernize the states criminal code . In the private sector , he was president of a title insurance company in Bend , Oregon . Early life . McKay was born on March 17 , 1910 in Aitkin , Minnesota . His parents were Clyde Marshall and Olive Elizabeth ( Spencer ) McKay . In 1911 , when he was less than a year old , McKay moved with his parents to Oregon . They traveled to central Oregon by passenger train , disembarking at Shaniko , where the railroad line ended at that time . From there the family , took a stagecoach to Bend , where they settled . After arriving in Bend , his father became active in business , civic affairs , and local politics . McKays father founded the Bend Company , a sawmill operation located along the Deschutes River . Later , his father became president of the Deschutes County Title and Abstract Company . He actively supported the effort to form a new county from the western part of Crook County . When the new Deschutes County was created in 1916 , McKays father was elected county treasurer , a position he held for 14 years . In addition , he served on the Bend city council and the local school board . McKay attended school in Bend , graduating from high school there in 1929 . He then attended the University of Oregon . Construction career . In 1930 , McKay left Bend to take a job with the Oregon Highway Department . He worked for the highway department for four years before taking a career position as a construction engineer with the United States Bureau of Reclamation . His first assignment with the bureau began in 1934 at Parker Dam on the Colorado River located on the border between California and Arizona . In 1936 , McKay married Melba T . McKay . Prior to her marriage , she worked at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios in Hollywood , California . After their marriage , Melba joined her husband at the Parker Dam site . Together they had two children . McKay worked at Parker Dam for a total of four years before transferring to Marshall Ford Dam near Austin , Texas . He remained there until 1942 , when he was reassigned to a power station in Phoenix , Arizona . In early 1943 , McKay left the Bureau of Reclamation to join the United States Navy . He served as a Chief Warrant Officer in the Seabees , specializing in amphibious landings . He saw combat action in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater during World War II including participation in the Battle of Tarawa . McKay was discharged from the navy in early 1946 . Businessman and civic leader . After leaving the navy , McKay moved to Los Angeles , where he sold real estate for four years . He returned to Bend in 1950 , becoming vice president of Deschutes County Title and Abstract Company . At that time , his father was still president of the company . In 1952 , McKays wife Melba died of cancer at the age of 40 . A year later , McKay married Evelyn Ruth Watson . Prior to her marriage , she owned and operated a cattle ranch along the Lewis River in Washington . After their marriage , she joined McKay in Bend . In Bend , McKay was involved in a number of civic organizations . He was president of the local Kiwanis . He served on the Bend-La Pine School Board for eleven years , from 1953 through 1963 . This included a term as board chairman . He was also a member of the Central Oregon Community College Foundation board of directors , a member of the Central Oregon Realty Board , and the Oregon Land Title Association . He was elected president of that organization in 1957 . He was a member of the Bend chamber of commerce and served as chairman of the local United Way fund drive . In 1959 , he was chosen as the Bend communitys Boss of the Year . A year later , he was honored as Bends Senior Citizen of the Year . State Senator . In 1964 , McKay decided to run for a seat in the Oregon State Senate as a Republican . He was unopposed in the 1964 Republican primary . In the general election that followed , McKay defeated the Democratic candidate , Charles L . Allen of Tumalo . In the state senate , he represented District 19 which at the time included Crook , Deschutes , Jefferson , and Lake counties . The 1965 legislative session lasted just over four months , from January 11 through May 14 . During the session , he was appointed to the powerful ways and means committee . He also participated in a week-long special legislative session , shortly after the close of the 1965 regular session . Because terms in the Oregon state senate last four years , McKay was seated in the 1967 legislative sessions without running for re-election in 1966 . The 1967 session began on January 11 and lasted through June 14 . During the session , McKay served as chairman of the elections committee and vice chairman of the commerce and utilities committee . He was also a member of the ways and means , air and water quality control , health and welfare , and judiciary committees . In 1968 , McKay ran for a second term representing District 19 . He was unopposed in the Republican primary and got enough write-in votes in the Democratic primary to win that partys nomination as well . As a result , he was unopposed in the general election . The 1969 legislative session lasted just over three months , starting on January 13 and ending on April 23 . During the session , McKay chaired the rules and resolutions committee and was a member of the ways and means , constitutional revisions and government reorganization , and judiciary committees . His main focus during the session was tax relief . During the second half of his second senate term , McKay attended the regular 1971 legislative session . That session began on January 11 and lasted through June 10 . McKay served as chairman of the financial affairs committee and vice chairman of the rules and resolutions committee . He was also a member of the judiciary committee . During the session , he helped enact legislation that revised the states criminal code . Prior to the 1972 election , state senate districts were reorganized . In the redistricting , Deschutes County ( McKays home county ) was joined with Klamath County to form District 27 . In 1972 , McKay ran for a third senate term . This time , seeking to represent District 27 . He won the Republican nomination , but lost the general election to his Democratic opponent , Fred W . Heard of Klamath Falls . In the general election , McKay easily won Deschutes County with 8,509 votes against 6,131 votes for Heard . However , it was the opposite story in Klamath County , where Heard won by an even greater margin . The final vote was 12,578 for McKay and 15,205 for Heard . McKay left the state senate in January 1973 when his second term expired . Later life and legacy . After leaving the state Senate , McKay returned to his title insurance business in Bend . When he eventually retired from business , McKay and his third wife , Della Marjorie ( Phillips ) McKay , traveled around the country in a motor home . This included regular trips up and down the west coast to watch University of Oregon Ducks football games . Over the years , they traveled enough to wear out two motor home engines . McKay died of a heart attack at his home in Bend on October 26 , 1990 . He was 80 years old at the time of his death . McKay is buried in Pilot Butte Cemetery in Bend . McKays boyhood home was built in 1916 . It is a craftsman style bungalow . Its original site overlooked the Deschutes River . In 1973 , the house was moved to a new location , upstream along the river . It was then restored with the help of the Deschutes County Historical Society . Today , it is a popular restaurant called McKays Cottage . External links . - Oregon Blue Book Legislative Guide

easy

What was the residence of Gordon W. McKay from 1950 to 1990?

/wiki/Gordon_W._McKay#P551#2

Gordon W . McKay Gordon William McKay ( March 17 , 1910 – October 26 , 1990 ) was an American politician and businessman from Oregon . He was a Republican who served two four-year terms in the Oregon State Senate . In the senate , McKay represented a large rural district in Central Oregon . While serving in the state senate , he was a champion of tax relief and helped modernize the states criminal code . In the private sector , he was president of a title insurance company in Bend , Oregon . Early life . McKay was born on March 17 , 1910 in Aitkin , Minnesota . His parents were Clyde Marshall and Olive Elizabeth ( Spencer ) McKay . In 1911 , when he was less than a year old , McKay moved with his parents to Oregon . They traveled to central Oregon by passenger train , disembarking at Shaniko , where the railroad line ended at that time . From there the family , took a stagecoach to Bend , where they settled . After arriving in Bend , his father became active in business , civic affairs , and local politics . McKays father founded the Bend Company , a sawmill operation located along the Deschutes River . Later , his father became president of the Deschutes County Title and Abstract Company . He actively supported the effort to form a new county from the western part of Crook County . When the new Deschutes County was created in 1916 , McKays father was elected county treasurer , a position he held for 14 years . In addition , he served on the Bend city council and the local school board . McKay attended school in Bend , graduating from high school there in 1929 . He then attended the University of Oregon . Construction career . In 1930 , McKay left Bend to take a job with the Oregon Highway Department . He worked for the highway department for four years before taking a career position as a construction engineer with the United States Bureau of Reclamation . His first assignment with the bureau began in 1934 at Parker Dam on the Colorado River located on the border between California and Arizona . In 1936 , McKay married Melba T . McKay . Prior to her marriage , she worked at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios in Hollywood , California . After their marriage , Melba joined her husband at the Parker Dam site . Together they had two children . McKay worked at Parker Dam for a total of four years before transferring to Marshall Ford Dam near Austin , Texas . He remained there until 1942 , when he was reassigned to a power station in Phoenix , Arizona . In early 1943 , McKay left the Bureau of Reclamation to join the United States Navy . He served as a Chief Warrant Officer in the Seabees , specializing in amphibious landings . He saw combat action in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater during World War II including participation in the Battle of Tarawa . McKay was discharged from the navy in early 1946 . Businessman and civic leader . After leaving the navy , McKay moved to Los Angeles , where he sold real estate for four years . He returned to Bend in 1950 , becoming vice president of Deschutes County Title and Abstract Company . At that time , his father was still president of the company . In 1952 , McKays wife Melba died of cancer at the age of 40 . A year later , McKay married Evelyn Ruth Watson . Prior to her marriage , she owned and operated a cattle ranch along the Lewis River in Washington . After their marriage , she joined McKay in Bend . In Bend , McKay was involved in a number of civic organizations . He was president of the local Kiwanis . He served on the Bend-La Pine School Board for eleven years , from 1953 through 1963 . This included a term as board chairman . He was also a member of the Central Oregon Community College Foundation board of directors , a member of the Central Oregon Realty Board , and the Oregon Land Title Association . He was elected president of that organization in 1957 . He was a member of the Bend chamber of commerce and served as chairman of the local United Way fund drive . In 1959 , he was chosen as the Bend communitys Boss of the Year . A year later , he was honored as Bends Senior Citizen of the Year . State Senator . In 1964 , McKay decided to run for a seat in the Oregon State Senate as a Republican . He was unopposed in the 1964 Republican primary . In the general election that followed , McKay defeated the Democratic candidate , Charles L . Allen of Tumalo . In the state senate , he represented District 19 which at the time included Crook , Deschutes , Jefferson , and Lake counties . The 1965 legislative session lasted just over four months , from January 11 through May 14 . During the session , he was appointed to the powerful ways and means committee . He also participated in a week-long special legislative session , shortly after the close of the 1965 regular session . Because terms in the Oregon state senate last four years , McKay was seated in the 1967 legislative sessions without running for re-election in 1966 . The 1967 session began on January 11 and lasted through June 14 . During the session , McKay served as chairman of the elections committee and vice chairman of the commerce and utilities committee . He was also a member of the ways and means , air and water quality control , health and welfare , and judiciary committees . In 1968 , McKay ran for a second term representing District 19 . He was unopposed in the Republican primary and got enough write-in votes in the Democratic primary to win that partys nomination as well . As a result , he was unopposed in the general election . The 1969 legislative session lasted just over three months , starting on January 13 and ending on April 23 . During the session , McKay chaired the rules and resolutions committee and was a member of the ways and means , constitutional revisions and government reorganization , and judiciary committees . His main focus during the session was tax relief . During the second half of his second senate term , McKay attended the regular 1971 legislative session . That session began on January 11 and lasted through June 10 . McKay served as chairman of the financial affairs committee and vice chairman of the rules and resolutions committee . He was also a member of the judiciary committee . During the session , he helped enact legislation that revised the states criminal code . Prior to the 1972 election , state senate districts were reorganized . In the redistricting , Deschutes County ( McKays home county ) was joined with Klamath County to form District 27 . In 1972 , McKay ran for a third senate term . This time , seeking to represent District 27 . He won the Republican nomination , but lost the general election to his Democratic opponent , Fred W . Heard of Klamath Falls . In the general election , McKay easily won Deschutes County with 8,509 votes against 6,131 votes for Heard . However , it was the opposite story in Klamath County , where Heard won by an even greater margin . The final vote was 12,578 for McKay and 15,205 for Heard . McKay left the state senate in January 1973 when his second term expired . Later life and legacy . After leaving the state Senate , McKay returned to his title insurance business in Bend . When he eventually retired from business , McKay and his third wife , Della Marjorie ( Phillips ) McKay , traveled around the country in a motor home . This included regular trips up and down the west coast to watch University of Oregon Ducks football games . Over the years , they traveled enough to wear out two motor home engines . McKay died of a heart attack at his home in Bend on October 26 , 1990 . He was 80 years old at the time of his death . McKay is buried in Pilot Butte Cemetery in Bend . McKays boyhood home was built in 1916 . It is a craftsman style bungalow . Its original site overlooked the Deschutes River . In 1973 , the house was moved to a new location , upstream along the river . It was then restored with the help of the Deschutes County Historical Society . Today , it is a popular restaurant called McKays Cottage . External links . - Oregon Blue Book Legislative Guide

easy

What organization did Meg Whitman join in 1?

/wiki/Meg_Whitman#P463#0

Meg Whitman Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 . Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World . In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% . Early life and education . Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor . Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 . Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation . Career . Early work . Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 . As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S . eBay . Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding . Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses . During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B . In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement . Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision . Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade . Hewlett-Packard . In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding . In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down . In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job . On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO . Quibi . Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.” Boards . Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins . She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey . Sports investments . IGC . In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club . FC Cincinnati . In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors . Philanthropy . Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund . In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area . As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America . Political career . Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama . During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama . During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division . Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially . Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history . In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or party . On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short . Voting record . In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been . Housekeeper controversy . In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do , but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you . Ties to Goldman Sachs . Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor . Political positions . While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them . Environment . Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment . On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% . Illegal immigration . Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree . She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers . Marriage , abortion and marijuana . During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights . Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen . Infrastructure . Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project . Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay . Awards . In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .

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Meg Whitman became a member of what organization or association in Oct 2001?

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Meg Whitman Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 . Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World . In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% . Early life and education . Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor . Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 . Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation . Career . Early work . Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 . As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S . eBay . Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding . Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses . During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B . In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement . Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision . Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade . Hewlett-Packard . In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding . In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down . In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job . On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO . Quibi . Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.” Boards . Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins . She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey . Sports investments . IGC . In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club . FC Cincinnati . In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors . Philanthropy . Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund . In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area . As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America . Political career . Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama . During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama . During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division . Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially . Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history . In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or party . On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short . Voting record . In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been . Housekeeper controversy . In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do , but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you . Ties to Goldman Sachs . Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor . Political positions . While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them . Environment . Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment . On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% . Illegal immigration . Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree . She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers . Marriage , abortion and marijuana . During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights . Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen . Infrastructure . Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project . Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay . Awards . In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .

easy

What organization did Meg Whitman join in Mar 2011?

/wiki/Meg_Whitman#P463#2

Meg Whitman Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 . Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World . In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% . Early life and education . Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor . Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 . Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation . Career . Early work . Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 . As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S . eBay . Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding . Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses . During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B . In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement . Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision . Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade . Hewlett-Packard . In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding . In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down . In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job . On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO . Quibi . Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.” Boards . Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins . She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey . Sports investments . IGC . In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club . FC Cincinnati . In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors . Philanthropy . Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund . In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area . As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America . Political career . Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama . During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama . During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division . Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially . Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history . In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or party . On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short . Voting record . In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been . Housekeeper controversy . In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do , but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you . Ties to Goldman Sachs . Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor . Political positions . While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them . Environment . Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment . On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% . Illegal immigration . Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree . She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers . Marriage , abortion and marijuana . During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights . Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen . Infrastructure . Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project . Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay . Awards . In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .

easy

What organization did Meg Whitman join in 2011?

/wiki/Meg_Whitman#P463#3

Meg Whitman Margaret Cushing Whitman ( born August 4 , 1956 ) is an American business executive and former political candidate . She is a board member of Procter & Gamble and General Motors . Whitman was previously president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise . She was also the CEO of Quibi before its closure in October 2020 . Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romneys presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010 , but supported Democrats Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020 . Whitman was an executive in The Walt Disney Company , where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s . In the 1990s , she was an executive for DreamWorks , Procter & Gamble , and Hasbro . Whitman was president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008 . During Whitmans 10 years with the company , she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue , to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . In 2014 , Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World . In 2008 , Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States . She ran for Governor of California in 2010 . She won the Republican primary . The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010 , she spent the second most of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history , spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total , including money from donors , a record surpassed only by Michael Bloomberg in the 2020 presidential election . Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41% . Early life and education . Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , the daughter of Margaret Cushing ( née Goodhue ) and Hendricks Hallett Whitman , Jr . Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather , Elnathan Whitman , was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . Through her father , Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U.S . Senator Charles B . Farwell , of Illinois . On her mothers side , she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and a great-great-granddaughter of General Henry S . Huidekoper . Her paternal grandmother , born Adelaide Chatfield-Taylor , was the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and his wife , Rose Farwell Chatfield-Taylor , and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor . Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor , New York , graduating after three years in 1974 . In her memoirs , she says she was in the top 10 of her class . She wanted to be a doctor , so she studied math and science at Princeton University . However , after spending a summer selling advertisements for the magazine Business Today , she changed over to the study of economics . She graduated with an A.B . in economics with honors from Princeton University in 1977 after completing an 83-page-long senior thesis titled The Marketing of American Consumer Products in Western Europe . Whitman then obtained an M.B.A . from Harvard Business School in 1979 . Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV , Chair of Neurosurgery at the University of California , Davis , previously at Stanford University Medical Center . They have two sons . She has lived in Atherton , California , since March 1998 . Whitman College , a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University , was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation . Career . Early work . Whitman began her career in 1979 as a brand manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati , Ohio . Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Company . She rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president . Whitman became vice president of strategic planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989 . Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation , before becoming president and CEO of Florists Transworld Delivery in 1995 . As Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager , starting in January 1997 , she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands , Playskool and Mr . Potato Head . She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U.S . eBay . Whitman joined eBay in March 1998 , when it had 30 employees and revenues of approximately $4 million . During her time as CEO , through 2008 , the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue . Originally , when Whitman had joined eBay , she found the website as a simple black and white webpage with courier font . On her first day , the site crashed for eight hours . She believed the site to be confusing and began by building a new executive team . Whitman organized the company by splitting it into twenty-three business categories . She then assigned executives to each , including some 35,000 subcategories . In 2002 , soon after its initial public offering , PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay valued at $1.5 billion . In 2004 , Whitman made several key changes in her management team . Jeff Jordan took over PayPal , Matt Bannick took control of international operations and Bill Cobb was placed in control of U.S . operations , which has the colorful U.S . logo , while each international site has unique branding . Whitman picked John J . Donahoe for eBay in March 2005 as president of eBay Marketplaces , responsible for all elements of eBays global ecommerce businesses . During Whitmans tenure as CEO , eBay completed the purchase of Skype for $4.1B in cash and stock in September 2005 . eBay later admitted that it had overpaid and , in 2009 , eBay sold Skype to a group of investors led by Silver Lake Partners at a valuation of $2.75B . In 2011 , after the first papers were filed for a possible IPO , Microsoft purchased Skype for US$8.5B . In June 2007 , while preparing for an interview with Reuters , Whitman allegedly shoved her subordinate , communications employee Young Mi Kim . Of the incident , Whitman related , In any high-pressure working environment , tensions can surface . Kim also stated , Yes , we had an unfortunate incident , but we resolved it in a way that speaks well for her and for eBay . The matter was resolved after a $200,000 settlement . Whitman resigned as CEO of eBay in November 2007 , but remained on the board and served as an advisor to new CEO John Donahoe until late 2008 . She was inducted into the U.S . Business Hall of Fame in 2008 . Ive said for some time that 10 years is roughly the right time to stay at the helm at a company like ours , she said in an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle , adding that its time for new leadership , a new perspective and a new vision . Whitman has received numerous awards and accolades for her work at eBay . On more than one occasion , she was named among the top five most powerful women by Fortune magazine . Harvard Business Review named her the eighth-best-performing CEO of the past decade and the Financial Times named her as one of the 50 faces that shaped the decade . Hewlett-Packard . In January 2011 , Whitman joined Hewlett-Packards ( HP ) board of directors . She was named CEO on September 22 , 2011 . As well as renewing focus on HPs Research & Development division , Whitmans major decision during her first year as CEO has been to retain and recommit the firm to the PC business that her predecessor announced he was considering discarding . In 2012 , Whitman announced that HP would write down $8.8 billion of the value of Autonomy , the British software company it had purchased the previous year . The announcement eventually led to a civil case in the UK in 2019 at which Whitman testified to having not carried out proper calculations of the write-down . In May 2013 , Bloomberg L.P . named Whitman Most Underachieving CEO along with Apples CEO Tim Cook ( ranked 12th ) and IBMs Virginia Rometty ( ranked 10th ) -- whose stocks have all turned in the worst numbers relative to the broader market since the beginning of each CEOs tenure . HPs stock led the list by underperforming by 30.7 percentage points since Whitman took the job . On July 26 , 2017 , Whitman stepped down as chair of HP Inc.s board of directors , while remaining as CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE ) . Whitman fought off further rumours around her position at HPE , where she was quoted by The New York Times So let me make this as clear as I can . I am fully committed to HPE and plan to remain the companys C.E.O . We have a lot of work still to do at HPE and I am not going anywhere On November 21 , 2017 it was announced Whitman was stepping down as the CEO of HPE , effective February 1 , 2018 , with HPE president Antonio Neri taking over as CEO . Quibi . Whitman was CEO of Quibi , a short-form media content app designed for smartphones . In September 2020 , just 5 months after its launch , Quibi was considering sale or acquisition with a valuation of $500 million , despite its $1.75 billion initial investment , having failed to meet subscriber targets . Coverage and analysis has blamed this failure on the concept itself , and failures of leadership from Meg Whitman due to her lack of “experience in the industry of the company she is running.” The failure of the app was predicted by many in the Silicon Valley tech ecosystem , with one critic , Rob Enderle listing this as the most recent in Whitmans “repetitive failures” due to her “inability to take responsibility for mistakes , an inability to support subordinates , a focus on shifting blame , and a lack of subject matter expertise.” Boards . Whitman also served on the board of directors of the eBay Foundation , Summit Public Schools , Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks SKG , until early 2009 . She was appointed to the board of Goldman Sachs in October 2001 and then resigned in December 2002 , amidst controversy that she had received shares in several public offerings managed by Goldman Sachs , although she denied any wrongdoing . ( see Ties to Goldman Sachs for further detail ) . In March 2011 , she was appointed a part-time special adviser at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins . She has also joined the boards of Zipcar and Teach For America , and re-joined the board of Procter & Gamble . Whitman has also been a member of the board at Survey Monkey . Sports investments . IGC . In 2018 , Meg Whitman invested in and joined the board of the eSports organization Immortals Gaming Club . FC Cincinnati . In November 2019 , Meg Whitman purchased a minority stake in FC Cincinnati . Whitman will serve as the clubs Alternate Governor on the MLS Board of Governors . Philanthropy . Whitman founded a charitable foundation with husband Harsh on December 21 , 2006 , by donating to it 300,000 shares of eBay stock worth $9.4 million . By the end of its first year of operation , the Griffith R . Harsh IV and Margaret C Whitman Charitable Foundation had $46 million in assets and has disbursed $125,000 to charitable causes . Most of the money disbursed went to the Environmental Defense Fund . In 2010 , Warren Buffett asked Whitman to join the Giving Pledge in which billionaires would commit to donating half of their money to charity , and Whitman declined . In 2011 , the foundation donated $2.5 million to Summit Public Schools , which operates several charter schools in the San Jose area . As of 2020 , Meg Whitman is the national board chair of Teach for America . Political career . Presidential endorsements and fundraising . Whitman was a supporter of former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romneys presidential campaign in 2008 and was on his national finance team . She was also listed as finance co-chair of Romneys exploratory committee . After Romney stepped out of the race and endorsed John McCain , Whitman joined McCains presidential campaign as a national co-chair . McCain mentioned Whitman as a possible Secretary of the Treasury during the second presidential debate in 2008 , but lost the election to Barack Obama . During the 2012 Republican primaries , Whitman endorsed Mitt Romney , who praised her . Whitmans name was mentioned as a possible cabinet member in a Romney administration before he lost to Obama . During the 2016 Republican primaries , Whitman was finance co-chair of Chris Christies presidential campaign . After Christie withdrew from the race and subsequently endorsed Donald Trump , Whitman criticized it as an astonishing display of political opportunism and called on other Christie donors to reject Trump , whom she compared to Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini . In August , Whitman endorsed Democrat Hillary Clintons presidential campaign , stating that to vote for Trump out of party loyalty alone would be to endorse a candidacy that I believe has exploited anger , grievance , xenophobia and racial division . Acknowledging policy differences with Clinton , Whitman nonetheless praised her temperament , global experience and commitment to Americas bedrock national values . She called on all Republicans to put country first before party and added that she would support the campaign financially . Whitman spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention in support of the partys presidential nominee Joe Biden . 2010 gubernatorial campaign . On February 10 , 2009 , Whitman announced she would run for governor of California in the 2010 election . Her campaign was largely self-funded . She ultimately lost to Jerry Brown . According to final reports , Whitman spent $144 million from her own personal funds . As of 2010 , this was more than any other self-funded political candidate in U.S . history . In June 2010 , Whitman released a political ad , A Lifetime in Politics A Legacy of Failure , which seemingly contained one image of the FAIL Blog website , making it appear in the ad as if Jerry Brown had been the subject of one of the websites namesake fails . Ben Huh , founder of the Cheezburger Network , of which failblog.org is a part , demanded an apology and the removal of the video , stating that the image was faked , and that the website is non-partisan and has never endorsed a particular political candidate or party . On November 2 , 2010 , at 11:35 pm , Whitman conceded the election to her opponent , Jerry Brown , stating Weve come up a little short . Voting record . In 2010 , The Sacramento Bee reported that Whitman did not vote for 28 years , after reviewing her voting records in California . Whitman has described her voting record as inexcusable , apologized for it , and stated that she is happy to discuss the matter . Whitman answered questions about her record in September , replying , And I think the reason for many years , I wasnt as engaged in the political process and should have been . Housekeeper controversy . In September 2010 , Nicky Diaz Santillan revealed that she was employed in the Whitman household as a housekeeper and nanny from 2000 to 2009 despite her status as an illegal worker . Whitmans campaign released documents which she says Santillan provided prior to her employment including a drivers license , social security ID , and application . Santillan says Whitman knew she was undocumented , producing a 2003 letter from the Social Security Administration stating that her Social Security number did not match her name . Whitman initially stated that they never received those letters , however , after a hand-written note on the document was shown , believed to be from Whitmans husband , they acknowledged they may have received it , but forgot . Santillans attorney , Gloria Allred , states that Santillan was fired for the sake of the campaign . Whitmans campaign maintains that this is a political attack , stating that Allred is a Jerry Brown supporter . Brown , Allred and Santillan all deny this . Crystal Williams , Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated Not only is accepting the documents all the law required [ Whitman ] to do , but theres a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents . Others disagree ; Immigration lawyer Greg Siskind states Whitman was the employer , and the documents by law needed to be signed by her but were not , nor did they have a social security number on them ; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram noted that Whitman hired her , paid her and had direct contact with her for nine years , so should have known her legal status . The Los Angeles Times noted that Latino voters were more likely interested that Whitman treated Santillan like a piece of garbage when the maid asked for help finding an immigration attorney , and Whitman allegedly stated you dont know me and I dont know you . Ties to Goldman Sachs . Goldman Sachs , whose executives donated $100,000 to the Whitman campaign , manages a part of Whitmans fortune . As CEO of eBay , Whitman earned approximately $1.78 million resulting from a practice known as spinning whereby executives who did business with Goldman Sachs could reap profits by getting early deals before the public on hot IPOs offered by the bank . Whitman later resigned from the Goldman Sachs board after some expressed concern over her receiving shares from Goldman Sachs . In commenting on Whitmans resignation from the Goldman Sachs board , eBay spokesman Henry Gomez told The Wall Street Journal at the time that , If we wanted to use Goldmans services , she doesnt want there to be even the slightest perception of any conflict . Shes doing this because she thinks quite highly of the firm . While Whitman was on Goldman Sachs board , she served on the compensation committee , which approved multimillion-dollar bonus packages for then-CEO Henry Paulson and his top aides . Public domain documents reveal that Whitman has a multimillion-dollar stake in 21 investment funds managed by Goldman Sachs . Given Goldman Sachs major investments in California state finances , all these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign . In response , Whitman vowed to eliminate any potential conflicts of interest , and publicly stated that she would immediately sell her Goldman Sachs stock and put her Goldman Sachs-managed investments in a blind trust if elected governor . Political positions . While running for governor , Whitman emphasized three major areas : job creation , reduced state government spending , and reform of the states K-12 educational system . She argued that it is best to start only a few things and finish them , instead of starting a lot of things and finishing few of them . Environment . Whitman said that if elected , on her first day she would have suspended AB 32 , the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 , for a year to study its potential economic implications . AB 32 requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020 . At the state Republican Convention in March 2010 , Whitman described California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzeneggers climate change bill as a job-killer . Whitman opposed Proposition 23 , which would delay the global warming law AB 32 until Californias unemployment falls to 5.5 percent and stays there for a year , stating that the proposition did not reasonably balance the need to protect jobs with the need to preserve environment . On water issues , Whitman opposed further restrictions on water supply in the Central Valley , and she suggested that President Obama should overturn a federal judges ruling under provisions in the Endangered Species Act which reduced water supplies another 5% to 7% . Illegal immigration . Whitman said that Arizonas approach to illegal immigration with Arizona SB 1070 is wrong and that there are better ways to solve the problem . She said that , if she had lived in California in 1994 , she would have voted against Proposition 187 concerning illegal immigrants . In an op-ed during her gubernatorial campaign , Whitman wrote , Clearly , when examining our positions on immigration , there is very little over which Jerry Brown and I disagree . She stated that illegal immigrant students should be prohibited from attending state-funded institutions of higher education . Currently , California state law permits this . In 2009 , Whitman called for a path to legalization of illegal immigrants . In a 2010 interview on television station KTLA , Whitman said , I want to hold employers accountable for hiring only documented workers . Marriage , abortion and marijuana . During the 2010 California gubernatorial election , Whitman supported Californias Proposition 8 , which reversed In re Marriage Cases and defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in the state . Whitman also criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Attorney General Jerry Brown for not defending Proposition 8 in the federal judicial system . However , on February 26 , 2013 , Whitman confirmed that she had reversed that opinion . Whitman stated , At the time , I believed the people of California had weighed in on this question and that overturning the will of the people was the wrong approach , and The facts and arguments presented during the legal process since then have had a profound impact on my thinking . Whitman also believes that gay and lesbian couples should be permitted to adopt children . Whitman supports abortion rights . Whitman has said that the legalization of marijuana is not what any law enforcement person would suggest for any reason and that this is the worst idea [ she has ] ever seen . Infrastructure . Whitman does not support the California High-Speed Rail project . In a 2010 letter to the Sacramento Bee Whitmans spokeswoman Sarah Pompei said , Meg believes the state cannot afford the costs associated with high-speed rail due to our current fiscal crisis . Her opponent Jerry Brown was in favor of the project . Whitman has made monetary donations to various candidates and political action committees ( PAC ) . While these have gone to both Republicans and Democrats , the donations are weighted to Republicans . Though Whitman has contributed to a few Democrats , including Senator Barbara Boxer ; donating $4,000 to her campaign and serving on the Friends of Boxer committee in 2004 , she donated more than $225,000 during the same period to Republicans , eBays PAC and to Americans for a Republican Majority , the PAC of former Representative Tom DeLay . Awards . In 2017 , Whitman was the Commencement speaker for Carnegie Mellon University and was awarded an honorary doctorate degree .

easy

Which team did the player Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986) belong to from 2003 to 2004?

/wiki/Michael_Collins_(footballer,_born_1986)#P54#0

Michael Collins ( footballer , born 1986 ) Michael Anthony Collins ( born 30 April 1986 ) is a football player and coach . As a player , he has played club football for Huddersfield Town , Scunthorpe United , AFC Wimbledon , Oxford United , York City , Leyton Orient and F.C . Halifax Town ; he also had a spell playing in India for I-League side Bengaluru and represented the Republic of Ireland under-18 , under-19 and under-21 teams . Club career . Huddersfield Town . Collins was born in Halifax , West Yorkshire . Having come through Huddersfield Towns academy , he made his first team debut in a 1–0 home win over Blackpool on 19 February 2005 . Collins made eight appearances in the 2004–05 season , with seven of them being starts . He signed a professional contract with the club on 11 May 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season coming on as an 89th-minute substitute in a 3–1 home win over Swansea City on 13 August 2005 . His first start came in a 4–2 away win in the League Cup over Chesterfield on 24 August 2005 . Collins scored his first goal on 18 February 2006 in a 5–0 win over Milton Keynes Dons . He came on as a substitute in the FA Cup third round tie in January 2006 against Premier League champions Chelsea , and set-up Gary Taylor-Fletcher for an equaliser . Collins made 21 appearances in all competitions Huddersfield in 2005–06 . Collins made his first appearance of 2006–07 on the opening day of the season , coming on in the 66th minute in a 2–1 away defeat away to Gillingham . He made his first start of the season in a 2–0 defeat by Mansfield Town at home in the first round of the League Cup on 22 August 2006 . His first league start of the season came on 26 August 2006 in a 1–1 draw at home with Nottingham Forest . Collins scored his first goal of the season in a 2–1 away win over Port Vale on 21 October 2006 . He scored in the last two matches of the season ; first in a 4–2 win over Millwall on 21 April 2007 and then on the final day in a 3–1 win over Leyton Orient on 5 May . Collins finished 2006–07 with 46 appearances in all competitions , starting 41 with five coming of the bench , scoring four goals . He scored his first league goal of 2007–08 in Huddersfields 2–0 win over Yeovil Town at Huish Park on 2 February 2008 . During 2007–08 , Huddersfield manager Andy Ritchie tended to use Collins as cover in right-back and right-midfield positions , but he mainly tended to use Collins in tandem with Andy Holdsworth in Huddersfields central midfield . On 16 February 2008 , Collins equalised Frank Lampards goal on the stroke of half-time in the FA Cup fifth round at Stamford Bridge against Chelsea . However , Huddersfield lost the match 3–1 . After being left out of the first-team squad for the most of the first part of 2008–09 by manager Stan Ternent , he was re-called to the team by caretaker manager Gerry Murphy to play in the FA Cup first-round tie at home to Port Vale . Collins scored Huddersfields equaliser , but was unable to prevent them losing 4–3 . A week later , Collins scored his first league goal of the season , with a 90th-minute winner in a 2–1 win at Elland Road against local rivals Leeds United . Collins scored 10 goals in 2008–09 , from 39 appearances . Collins gained a red card in Huddersfields first match of 2009–10 away to Southend United on 8 August 2009 . His first goal of the season came in the 65th minute of Huddersfields 2–1 home victory over Yeovil Town on 29 August 2009 . Collins was ruled out for the remainder of 2009–10 in April 2010 , following surgery on a broken finger , but he returned as a substitute in the 2–1 defeat at Exeter City . He then came on as an 89th-minute substitute in the first leg of Huddersfields play-off semi-final match with Millwall , and was an unused substitute in the second leg defeat at The Den on 18 May 2010 . Collins made 35 appearances in 2009–10 , scoring three goals . Along with seven other players , he was added to the transfer list by manager Lee Clark in May 2010 . Scunthorpe United . Collins joined Championship club Scunthorpe United on 6 July 2010 for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract . On 20 February 2014 , Collins joined AFC Wimbledon on loan for the rest of the 2013–14 season . Oxford United . On 15 July 2014 , Collins signed a one-year deal at Oxford United , becoming new manager Michael Appletons first signing . Appleton said : Michael has played 300 league games , most of them at a higher level , and will bring a little bit of know-how and quality to the squad . He made 43 appearances for Oxford , scoring twice , before joining their League Two rivals York City on 2 October 2015 on a one-month loan . Collins left Oxford by mutual agreement on 7 January 2016 , after failing to make any first-team appearances in the 2015–16 season . Bengaluru . On 21 January 2016 , Collins signed for I-League club Bengaluru . He left the club in May 2016 . He played all total of 10 matches in the club and represented the side in the Hero I-League . Leyton Orient . On 28 October 2016 , Collins signed for Leyton Orient on a three-month contract . He turned down the offer of a new one-year contract with Orient at the end of 2016–17 , after the clubs relegation to the National League . F.C . Halifax Town . On 9 December 2017 , Collins came out of retirement to sign for his hometown club , F.C . Halifax Town of the National League . Alfreton Town . He returned to playing in December 2018 with Alfreton Town . International career . Qualifying through the parentage rule , Collins made his international debut in a Republic of Ireland under-18 match in April 2003 . He was the captain of the Irish under-19 squad and on 14 March 2007 , he got his first call-up to the Republic of Ireland under-21 squad for a match against the Netherlands . However , he was forced to withdraw from the squad after picking up a shoulder injury in a league match for Huddersfield against Brighton & Hove Albion . Collins made his under-21 debut against Germany in a friendly match at the Sportpark Ronhof in Fürth on 21 August 2007 . His home debut came against Portugal at Turners Cross in Cork on 7 September 2007 . On 15 May 2008 , he scored his first goals for the under-21s in a 3–1 win over Malaysia in an Intercontinental Cup match in Malaysia . Collins made six appearances scoring twice between 2007 and 2008 . Coaching career . Bradford Under 18s . In July 2017 , Collins joined League One club Bradford City as their under-18s lead coach . Bradford head coach . He was appointed head coach of Bradford City on 18 June 2018 , with Martin Drury and Greg Abbott named as his assistants . He won his first league game , 1-0 away at Shrewsbury , but won only one more game out of 7 in total , and was sacked by the club on 3 September 2018 . He later became a coach at Sunderlands Academy . Personal life . He is the cousin of professional rugby league players Scott Grix and Simon Grix . Honours . Scunthorpe United - Football League Two runner-up : 2013–14 Bengaluru - I-League : 2015–16 External links . - Michael Collins profile at the Football Association of Ireland website

easy

Which team did Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986) play for from 2004 to 2005?

/wiki/Michael_Collins_(footballer,_born_1986)#P54#1

Michael Collins ( footballer , born 1986 ) Michael Anthony Collins ( born 30 April 1986 ) is a football player and coach . As a player , he has played club football for Huddersfield Town , Scunthorpe United , AFC Wimbledon , Oxford United , York City , Leyton Orient and F.C . Halifax Town ; he also had a spell playing in India for I-League side Bengaluru and represented the Republic of Ireland under-18 , under-19 and under-21 teams . Club career . Huddersfield Town . Collins was born in Halifax , West Yorkshire . Having come through Huddersfield Towns academy , he made his first team debut in a 1–0 home win over Blackpool on 19 February 2005 . Collins made eight appearances in the 2004–05 season , with seven of them being starts . He signed a professional contract with the club on 11 May 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season coming on as an 89th-minute substitute in a 3–1 home win over Swansea City on 13 August 2005 . His first start came in a 4–2 away win in the League Cup over Chesterfield on 24 August 2005 . Collins scored his first goal on 18 February 2006 in a 5–0 win over Milton Keynes Dons . He came on as a substitute in the FA Cup third round tie in January 2006 against Premier League champions Chelsea , and set-up Gary Taylor-Fletcher for an equaliser . Collins made 21 appearances in all competitions Huddersfield in 2005–06 . Collins made his first appearance of 2006–07 on the opening day of the season , coming on in the 66th minute in a 2–1 away defeat away to Gillingham . He made his first start of the season in a 2–0 defeat by Mansfield Town at home in the first round of the League Cup on 22 August 2006 . His first league start of the season came on 26 August 2006 in a 1–1 draw at home with Nottingham Forest . Collins scored his first goal of the season in a 2–1 away win over Port Vale on 21 October 2006 . He scored in the last two matches of the season ; first in a 4–2 win over Millwall on 21 April 2007 and then on the final day in a 3–1 win over Leyton Orient on 5 May . Collins finished 2006–07 with 46 appearances in all competitions , starting 41 with five coming of the bench , scoring four goals . He scored his first league goal of 2007–08 in Huddersfields 2–0 win over Yeovil Town at Huish Park on 2 February 2008 . During 2007–08 , Huddersfield manager Andy Ritchie tended to use Collins as cover in right-back and right-midfield positions , but he mainly tended to use Collins in tandem with Andy Holdsworth in Huddersfields central midfield . On 16 February 2008 , Collins equalised Frank Lampards goal on the stroke of half-time in the FA Cup fifth round at Stamford Bridge against Chelsea . However , Huddersfield lost the match 3–1 . After being left out of the first-team squad for the most of the first part of 2008–09 by manager Stan Ternent , he was re-called to the team by caretaker manager Gerry Murphy to play in the FA Cup first-round tie at home to Port Vale . Collins scored Huddersfields equaliser , but was unable to prevent them losing 4–3 . A week later , Collins scored his first league goal of the season , with a 90th-minute winner in a 2–1 win at Elland Road against local rivals Leeds United . Collins scored 10 goals in 2008–09 , from 39 appearances . Collins gained a red card in Huddersfields first match of 2009–10 away to Southend United on 8 August 2009 . His first goal of the season came in the 65th minute of Huddersfields 2–1 home victory over Yeovil Town on 29 August 2009 . Collins was ruled out for the remainder of 2009–10 in April 2010 , following surgery on a broken finger , but he returned as a substitute in the 2–1 defeat at Exeter City . He then came on as an 89th-minute substitute in the first leg of Huddersfields play-off semi-final match with Millwall , and was an unused substitute in the second leg defeat at The Den on 18 May 2010 . Collins made 35 appearances in 2009–10 , scoring three goals . Along with seven other players , he was added to the transfer list by manager Lee Clark in May 2010 . Scunthorpe United . Collins joined Championship club Scunthorpe United on 6 July 2010 for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract . On 20 February 2014 , Collins joined AFC Wimbledon on loan for the rest of the 2013–14 season . Oxford United . On 15 July 2014 , Collins signed a one-year deal at Oxford United , becoming new manager Michael Appletons first signing . Appleton said : Michael has played 300 league games , most of them at a higher level , and will bring a little bit of know-how and quality to the squad . He made 43 appearances for Oxford , scoring twice , before joining their League Two rivals York City on 2 October 2015 on a one-month loan . Collins left Oxford by mutual agreement on 7 January 2016 , after failing to make any first-team appearances in the 2015–16 season . Bengaluru . On 21 January 2016 , Collins signed for I-League club Bengaluru . He left the club in May 2016 . He played all total of 10 matches in the club and represented the side in the Hero I-League . Leyton Orient . On 28 October 2016 , Collins signed for Leyton Orient on a three-month contract . He turned down the offer of a new one-year contract with Orient at the end of 2016–17 , after the clubs relegation to the National League . F.C . Halifax Town . On 9 December 2017 , Collins came out of retirement to sign for his hometown club , F.C . Halifax Town of the National League . Alfreton Town . He returned to playing in December 2018 with Alfreton Town . International career . Qualifying through the parentage rule , Collins made his international debut in a Republic of Ireland under-18 match in April 2003 . He was the captain of the Irish under-19 squad and on 14 March 2007 , he got his first call-up to the Republic of Ireland under-21 squad for a match against the Netherlands . However , he was forced to withdraw from the squad after picking up a shoulder injury in a league match for Huddersfield against Brighton & Hove Albion . Collins made his under-21 debut against Germany in a friendly match at the Sportpark Ronhof in Fürth on 21 August 2007 . His home debut came against Portugal at Turners Cross in Cork on 7 September 2007 . On 15 May 2008 , he scored his first goals for the under-21s in a 3–1 win over Malaysia in an Intercontinental Cup match in Malaysia . Collins made six appearances scoring twice between 2007 and 2008 . Coaching career . Bradford Under 18s . In July 2017 , Collins joined League One club Bradford City as their under-18s lead coach . Bradford head coach . He was appointed head coach of Bradford City on 18 June 2018 , with Martin Drury and Greg Abbott named as his assistants . He won his first league game , 1-0 away at Shrewsbury , but won only one more game out of 7 in total , and was sacked by the club on 3 September 2018 . He later became a coach at Sunderlands Academy . Personal life . He is the cousin of professional rugby league players Scott Grix and Simon Grix . Honours . Scunthorpe United - Football League Two runner-up : 2013–14 Bengaluru - I-League : 2015–16 External links . - Michael Collins profile at the Football Association of Ireland website

easy

Which team did the player Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986) belong to from 2007 to 2008?

/wiki/Michael_Collins_(footballer,_born_1986)#P54#2

Michael Collins ( footballer , born 1986 ) Michael Anthony Collins ( born 30 April 1986 ) is a football player and coach . As a player , he has played club football for Huddersfield Town , Scunthorpe United , AFC Wimbledon , Oxford United , York City , Leyton Orient and F.C . Halifax Town ; he also had a spell playing in India for I-League side Bengaluru and represented the Republic of Ireland under-18 , under-19 and under-21 teams . Club career . Huddersfield Town . Collins was born in Halifax , West Yorkshire . Having come through Huddersfield Towns academy , he made his first team debut in a 1–0 home win over Blackpool on 19 February 2005 . Collins made eight appearances in the 2004–05 season , with seven of them being starts . He signed a professional contract with the club on 11 May 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season coming on as an 89th-minute substitute in a 3–1 home win over Swansea City on 13 August 2005 . His first start came in a 4–2 away win in the League Cup over Chesterfield on 24 August 2005 . Collins scored his first goal on 18 February 2006 in a 5–0 win over Milton Keynes Dons . He came on as a substitute in the FA Cup third round tie in January 2006 against Premier League champions Chelsea , and set-up Gary Taylor-Fletcher for an equaliser . Collins made 21 appearances in all competitions Huddersfield in 2005–06 . Collins made his first appearance of 2006–07 on the opening day of the season , coming on in the 66th minute in a 2–1 away defeat away to Gillingham . He made his first start of the season in a 2–0 defeat by Mansfield Town at home in the first round of the League Cup on 22 August 2006 . His first league start of the season came on 26 August 2006 in a 1–1 draw at home with Nottingham Forest . Collins scored his first goal of the season in a 2–1 away win over Port Vale on 21 October 2006 . He scored in the last two matches of the season ; first in a 4–2 win over Millwall on 21 April 2007 and then on the final day in a 3–1 win over Leyton Orient on 5 May . Collins finished 2006–07 with 46 appearances in all competitions , starting 41 with five coming of the bench , scoring four goals . He scored his first league goal of 2007–08 in Huddersfields 2–0 win over Yeovil Town at Huish Park on 2 February 2008 . During 2007–08 , Huddersfield manager Andy Ritchie tended to use Collins as cover in right-back and right-midfield positions , but he mainly tended to use Collins in tandem with Andy Holdsworth in Huddersfields central midfield . On 16 February 2008 , Collins equalised Frank Lampards goal on the stroke of half-time in the FA Cup fifth round at Stamford Bridge against Chelsea . However , Huddersfield lost the match 3–1 . After being left out of the first-team squad for the most of the first part of 2008–09 by manager Stan Ternent , he was re-called to the team by caretaker manager Gerry Murphy to play in the FA Cup first-round tie at home to Port Vale . Collins scored Huddersfields equaliser , but was unable to prevent them losing 4–3 . A week later , Collins scored his first league goal of the season , with a 90th-minute winner in a 2–1 win at Elland Road against local rivals Leeds United . Collins scored 10 goals in 2008–09 , from 39 appearances . Collins gained a red card in Huddersfields first match of 2009–10 away to Southend United on 8 August 2009 . His first goal of the season came in the 65th minute of Huddersfields 2–1 home victory over Yeovil Town on 29 August 2009 . Collins was ruled out for the remainder of 2009–10 in April 2010 , following surgery on a broken finger , but he returned as a substitute in the 2–1 defeat at Exeter City . He then came on as an 89th-minute substitute in the first leg of Huddersfields play-off semi-final match with Millwall , and was an unused substitute in the second leg defeat at The Den on 18 May 2010 . Collins made 35 appearances in 2009–10 , scoring three goals . Along with seven other players , he was added to the transfer list by manager Lee Clark in May 2010 . Scunthorpe United . Collins joined Championship club Scunthorpe United on 6 July 2010 for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract . On 20 February 2014 , Collins joined AFC Wimbledon on loan for the rest of the 2013–14 season . Oxford United . On 15 July 2014 , Collins signed a one-year deal at Oxford United , becoming new manager Michael Appletons first signing . Appleton said : Michael has played 300 league games , most of them at a higher level , and will bring a little bit of know-how and quality to the squad . He made 43 appearances for Oxford , scoring twice , before joining their League Two rivals York City on 2 October 2015 on a one-month loan . Collins left Oxford by mutual agreement on 7 January 2016 , after failing to make any first-team appearances in the 2015–16 season . Bengaluru . On 21 January 2016 , Collins signed for I-League club Bengaluru . He left the club in May 2016 . He played all total of 10 matches in the club and represented the side in the Hero I-League . Leyton Orient . On 28 October 2016 , Collins signed for Leyton Orient on a three-month contract . He turned down the offer of a new one-year contract with Orient at the end of 2016–17 , after the clubs relegation to the National League . F.C . Halifax Town . On 9 December 2017 , Collins came out of retirement to sign for his hometown club , F.C . Halifax Town of the National League . Alfreton Town . He returned to playing in December 2018 with Alfreton Town . International career . Qualifying through the parentage rule , Collins made his international debut in a Republic of Ireland under-18 match in April 2003 . He was the captain of the Irish under-19 squad and on 14 March 2007 , he got his first call-up to the Republic of Ireland under-21 squad for a match against the Netherlands . However , he was forced to withdraw from the squad after picking up a shoulder injury in a league match for Huddersfield against Brighton & Hove Albion . Collins made his under-21 debut against Germany in a friendly match at the Sportpark Ronhof in Fürth on 21 August 2007 . His home debut came against Portugal at Turners Cross in Cork on 7 September 2007 . On 15 May 2008 , he scored his first goals for the under-21s in a 3–1 win over Malaysia in an Intercontinental Cup match in Malaysia . Collins made six appearances scoring twice between 2007 and 2008 . Coaching career . Bradford Under 18s . In July 2017 , Collins joined League One club Bradford City as their under-18s lead coach . Bradford head coach . He was appointed head coach of Bradford City on 18 June 2018 , with Martin Drury and Greg Abbott named as his assistants . He won his first league game , 1-0 away at Shrewsbury , but won only one more game out of 7 in total , and was sacked by the club on 3 September 2018 . He later became a coach at Sunderlands Academy . Personal life . He is the cousin of professional rugby league players Scott Grix and Simon Grix . Honours . Scunthorpe United - Football League Two runner-up : 2013–14 Bengaluru - I-League : 2015–16 External links . - Michael Collins profile at the Football Association of Ireland website

easy

Which team did the player Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986) belong to from 2010 to 2017?

/wiki/Michael_Collins_(footballer,_born_1986)#P54#3

Michael Collins ( footballer , born 1986 ) Michael Anthony Collins ( born 30 April 1986 ) is a football player and coach . As a player , he has played club football for Huddersfield Town , Scunthorpe United , AFC Wimbledon , Oxford United , York City , Leyton Orient and F.C . Halifax Town ; he also had a spell playing in India for I-League side Bengaluru and represented the Republic of Ireland under-18 , under-19 and under-21 teams . Club career . Huddersfield Town . Collins was born in Halifax , West Yorkshire . Having come through Huddersfield Towns academy , he made his first team debut in a 1–0 home win over Blackpool on 19 February 2005 . Collins made eight appearances in the 2004–05 season , with seven of them being starts . He signed a professional contract with the club on 11 May 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season coming on as an 89th-minute substitute in a 3–1 home win over Swansea City on 13 August 2005 . His first start came in a 4–2 away win in the League Cup over Chesterfield on 24 August 2005 . Collins scored his first goal on 18 February 2006 in a 5–0 win over Milton Keynes Dons . He came on as a substitute in the FA Cup third round tie in January 2006 against Premier League champions Chelsea , and set-up Gary Taylor-Fletcher for an equaliser . Collins made 21 appearances in all competitions Huddersfield in 2005–06 . Collins made his first appearance of 2006–07 on the opening day of the season , coming on in the 66th minute in a 2–1 away defeat away to Gillingham . He made his first start of the season in a 2–0 defeat by Mansfield Town at home in the first round of the League Cup on 22 August 2006 . His first league start of the season came on 26 August 2006 in a 1–1 draw at home with Nottingham Forest . Collins scored his first goal of the season in a 2–1 away win over Port Vale on 21 October 2006 . He scored in the last two matches of the season ; first in a 4–2 win over Millwall on 21 April 2007 and then on the final day in a 3–1 win over Leyton Orient on 5 May . Collins finished 2006–07 with 46 appearances in all competitions , starting 41 with five coming of the bench , scoring four goals . He scored his first league goal of 2007–08 in Huddersfields 2–0 win over Yeovil Town at Huish Park on 2 February 2008 . During 2007–08 , Huddersfield manager Andy Ritchie tended to use Collins as cover in right-back and right-midfield positions , but he mainly tended to use Collins in tandem with Andy Holdsworth in Huddersfields central midfield . On 16 February 2008 , Collins equalised Frank Lampards goal on the stroke of half-time in the FA Cup fifth round at Stamford Bridge against Chelsea . However , Huddersfield lost the match 3–1 . After being left out of the first-team squad for the most of the first part of 2008–09 by manager Stan Ternent , he was re-called to the team by caretaker manager Gerry Murphy to play in the FA Cup first-round tie at home to Port Vale . Collins scored Huddersfields equaliser , but was unable to prevent them losing 4–3 . A week later , Collins scored his first league goal of the season , with a 90th-minute winner in a 2–1 win at Elland Road against local rivals Leeds United . Collins scored 10 goals in 2008–09 , from 39 appearances . Collins gained a red card in Huddersfields first match of 2009–10 away to Southend United on 8 August 2009 . His first goal of the season came in the 65th minute of Huddersfields 2–1 home victory over Yeovil Town on 29 August 2009 . Collins was ruled out for the remainder of 2009–10 in April 2010 , following surgery on a broken finger , but he returned as a substitute in the 2–1 defeat at Exeter City . He then came on as an 89th-minute substitute in the first leg of Huddersfields play-off semi-final match with Millwall , and was an unused substitute in the second leg defeat at The Den on 18 May 2010 . Collins made 35 appearances in 2009–10 , scoring three goals . Along with seven other players , he was added to the transfer list by manager Lee Clark in May 2010 . Scunthorpe United . Collins joined Championship club Scunthorpe United on 6 July 2010 for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract . On 20 February 2014 , Collins joined AFC Wimbledon on loan for the rest of the 2013–14 season . Oxford United . On 15 July 2014 , Collins signed a one-year deal at Oxford United , becoming new manager Michael Appletons first signing . Appleton said : Michael has played 300 league games , most of them at a higher level , and will bring a little bit of know-how and quality to the squad . He made 43 appearances for Oxford , scoring twice , before joining their League Two rivals York City on 2 October 2015 on a one-month loan . Collins left Oxford by mutual agreement on 7 January 2016 , after failing to make any first-team appearances in the 2015–16 season . Bengaluru . On 21 January 2016 , Collins signed for I-League club Bengaluru . He left the club in May 2016 . He played all total of 10 matches in the club and represented the side in the Hero I-League . Leyton Orient . On 28 October 2016 , Collins signed for Leyton Orient on a three-month contract . He turned down the offer of a new one-year contract with Orient at the end of 2016–17 , after the clubs relegation to the National League . F.C . Halifax Town . On 9 December 2017 , Collins came out of retirement to sign for his hometown club , F.C . Halifax Town of the National League . Alfreton Town . He returned to playing in December 2018 with Alfreton Town . International career . Qualifying through the parentage rule , Collins made his international debut in a Republic of Ireland under-18 match in April 2003 . He was the captain of the Irish under-19 squad and on 14 March 2007 , he got his first call-up to the Republic of Ireland under-21 squad for a match against the Netherlands . However , he was forced to withdraw from the squad after picking up a shoulder injury in a league match for Huddersfield against Brighton & Hove Albion . Collins made his under-21 debut against Germany in a friendly match at the Sportpark Ronhof in Fürth on 21 August 2007 . His home debut came against Portugal at Turners Cross in Cork on 7 September 2007 . On 15 May 2008 , he scored his first goals for the under-21s in a 3–1 win over Malaysia in an Intercontinental Cup match in Malaysia . Collins made six appearances scoring twice between 2007 and 2008 . Coaching career . Bradford Under 18s . In July 2017 , Collins joined League One club Bradford City as their under-18s lead coach . Bradford head coach . He was appointed head coach of Bradford City on 18 June 2018 , with Martin Drury and Greg Abbott named as his assistants . He won his first league game , 1-0 away at Shrewsbury , but won only one more game out of 7 in total , and was sacked by the club on 3 September 2018 . He later became a coach at Sunderlands Academy . Personal life . He is the cousin of professional rugby league players Scott Grix and Simon Grix . Honours . Scunthorpe United - Football League Two runner-up : 2013–14 Bengaluru - I-League : 2015–16 External links . - Michael Collins profile at the Football Association of Ireland website

easy

Armitage Robinson took which position from 1901 to 1902?

/wiki/Armitage_Robinson#P39#0

Armitage Robinson Joseph Armitage Robinson ( 9 January 1858 – 7 May 1933 ) was a priest in the Church of England and scholar . He was successively Dean of Westminster ( 1902–1911 ) and of Wells ( 1911–1933 ) . Biography . Robinson was born the son of a poor vicar in Keynsham , and was educated at Liverpool College and Christs College , Cambridge , of which he became a fellow . He was ordained deacon in the Diocese of Ely in 1881 , and priest in 1882 , when he was Fellow . After a BA degree in 1881 , he received his MA degree in 1884 , was made Bachelor of Divinity ( BD ) in 1891 , and Doctor of Divinity ( DD ) in 1896 . His first ecclesiastical posting was a domestic chaplain to Joseph Lightfoot , Bishop of Durham from 1883 to 1884 , following which he was curate of Great St . Mary , Cambridge until 1886 , then a Cambridge Whitehall preacher from 1886 to 1888 . That year he was appointed examining chaplain to the Bishop of Bath and Wells and vicar of All Saints Church , Cambridge where he stayed from 1888 until 1892 . He was also a dean of Christs College , Cambridge , from 1884 to 1890 . In 1893 he was appointed Norrisian professor of Divinity at Cambridge University , serving as such until 1899 , during which he was also a prebendary of Wells Cathedral . He served as rector of St Margarets , Westminster 1899–1900 , and was appointed a canon of Westminster in 1899 , serving until his appointment as dean . In January 1902 he was appointed a Chaplain-in-Ordinary to King Edward VII . The Dean of Westminster , George Granville Bradley , was severely ill throughout most of 1902 , but wanted to stay in the position until the coronation of the King in August . Bradley resigned the following month , and the King appointed Robinson Dean of Westminster in early October , followed by a formal installation in Westminster Abbey on 28 October 1902 . As Dean of Westminster , he acted as chaplain to the Queens Westminsters , the largest volunteer corps in London . Robinson was Lord High Almoner from 1906 to 1933 . He served at Westminster until he was appointed Dean of Wells in 1911 . It has been suggested that the move to Wells was arranged to avoid friction in the run-up to the coronation of George V . As Dean of Wells Robinson enjoyed close links with Downside Abbey . He also critically explored the origins of the Glastonbury legends to which the Glastonbury Festival had revived attention . A renowned scholar in patristics ( he was particularly known for his work on the Lausiac History and for having been the first person to translate into English the newly discovered work by Irenaeus The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching ) , Armitage Robinson was a participant in the bilateral Anglican-Roman Catholic Malines Conversations . He held honorary doctorates from Göttingen ( Hon Ph.D. , 1893 ) and Halle ( Hon . D.Theol. , 1894 ) . He was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) in 1932 , and died at Upton Noble , Somerset , on 7 May 1933 aged 75 . Works . - Encyclopaedia Biblica ( contributor ) , 1903 . - St . Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians , A revised text and translation with exposition and notes London 1903 , Second Edition 1904 . - The Lausiac History of Palladius ( Texts and Studies , vol . vi ) ,Cambridge 1904 . - ( with Cuthbert Butler ) The Lausiac History of Palladius , 1918 . - The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching ( translated from the Armenian with introduction and notes ) , 1920 - The Saxon Bishops of Wells , London , 1919 . - Somerset Historical Essays , Oxford,1921 . - The Times of St . Dunstan , Oxford , 1923 . - Two Glastonbury Legends : King Arthur and Joseph of Arimathaea , Cambridge 1926 . Reprinted in 2010 by Kessinger Publishing , LLC .

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What was the position of Armitage Robinson from 1902 to 1906?

/wiki/Armitage_Robinson#P39#1

Armitage Robinson Joseph Armitage Robinson ( 9 January 1858 – 7 May 1933 ) was a priest in the Church of England and scholar . He was successively Dean of Westminster ( 1902–1911 ) and of Wells ( 1911–1933 ) . Biography . Robinson was born the son of a poor vicar in Keynsham , and was educated at Liverpool College and Christs College , Cambridge , of which he became a fellow . He was ordained deacon in the Diocese of Ely in 1881 , and priest in 1882 , when he was Fellow . After a BA degree in 1881 , he received his MA degree in 1884 , was made Bachelor of Divinity ( BD ) in 1891 , and Doctor of Divinity ( DD ) in 1896 . His first ecclesiastical posting was a domestic chaplain to Joseph Lightfoot , Bishop of Durham from 1883 to 1884 , following which he was curate of Great St . Mary , Cambridge until 1886 , then a Cambridge Whitehall preacher from 1886 to 1888 . That year he was appointed examining chaplain to the Bishop of Bath and Wells and vicar of All Saints Church , Cambridge where he stayed from 1888 until 1892 . He was also a dean of Christs College , Cambridge , from 1884 to 1890 . In 1893 he was appointed Norrisian professor of Divinity at Cambridge University , serving as such until 1899 , during which he was also a prebendary of Wells Cathedral . He served as rector of St Margarets , Westminster 1899–1900 , and was appointed a canon of Westminster in 1899 , serving until his appointment as dean . In January 1902 he was appointed a Chaplain-in-Ordinary to King Edward VII . The Dean of Westminster , George Granville Bradley , was severely ill throughout most of 1902 , but wanted to stay in the position until the coronation of the King in August . Bradley resigned the following month , and the King appointed Robinson Dean of Westminster in early October , followed by a formal installation in Westminster Abbey on 28 October 1902 . As Dean of Westminster , he acted as chaplain to the Queens Westminsters , the largest volunteer corps in London . Robinson was Lord High Almoner from 1906 to 1933 . He served at Westminster until he was appointed Dean of Wells in 1911 . It has been suggested that the move to Wells was arranged to avoid friction in the run-up to the coronation of George V . As Dean of Wells Robinson enjoyed close links with Downside Abbey . He also critically explored the origins of the Glastonbury legends to which the Glastonbury Festival had revived attention . A renowned scholar in patristics ( he was particularly known for his work on the Lausiac History and for having been the first person to translate into English the newly discovered work by Irenaeus The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching ) , Armitage Robinson was a participant in the bilateral Anglican-Roman Catholic Malines Conversations . He held honorary doctorates from Göttingen ( Hon Ph.D. , 1893 ) and Halle ( Hon . D.Theol. , 1894 ) . He was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) in 1932 , and died at Upton Noble , Somerset , on 7 May 1933 aged 75 . Works . - Encyclopaedia Biblica ( contributor ) , 1903 . - St . Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians , A revised text and translation with exposition and notes London 1903 , Second Edition 1904 . - The Lausiac History of Palladius ( Texts and Studies , vol . vi ) ,Cambridge 1904 . - ( with Cuthbert Butler ) The Lausiac History of Palladius , 1918 . - The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching ( translated from the Armenian with introduction and notes ) , 1920 - The Saxon Bishops of Wells , London , 1919 . - Somerset Historical Essays , Oxford,1921 . - The Times of St . Dunstan , Oxford , 1923 . - Two Glastonbury Legends : King Arthur and Joseph of Arimathaea , Cambridge 1926 . Reprinted in 2010 by Kessinger Publishing , LLC .

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Which position did Armitage Robinson hold from 1906 to 1911?

/wiki/Armitage_Robinson#P39#2

Armitage Robinson Joseph Armitage Robinson ( 9 January 1858 – 7 May 1933 ) was a priest in the Church of England and scholar . He was successively Dean of Westminster ( 1902–1911 ) and of Wells ( 1911–1933 ) . Biography . Robinson was born the son of a poor vicar in Keynsham , and was educated at Liverpool College and Christs College , Cambridge , of which he became a fellow . He was ordained deacon in the Diocese of Ely in 1881 , and priest in 1882 , when he was Fellow . After a BA degree in 1881 , he received his MA degree in 1884 , was made Bachelor of Divinity ( BD ) in 1891 , and Doctor of Divinity ( DD ) in 1896 . His first ecclesiastical posting was a domestic chaplain to Joseph Lightfoot , Bishop of Durham from 1883 to 1884 , following which he was curate of Great St . Mary , Cambridge until 1886 , then a Cambridge Whitehall preacher from 1886 to 1888 . That year he was appointed examining chaplain to the Bishop of Bath and Wells and vicar of All Saints Church , Cambridge where he stayed from 1888 until 1892 . He was also a dean of Christs College , Cambridge , from 1884 to 1890 . In 1893 he was appointed Norrisian professor of Divinity at Cambridge University , serving as such until 1899 , during which he was also a prebendary of Wells Cathedral . He served as rector of St Margarets , Westminster 1899–1900 , and was appointed a canon of Westminster in 1899 , serving until his appointment as dean . In January 1902 he was appointed a Chaplain-in-Ordinary to King Edward VII . The Dean of Westminster , George Granville Bradley , was severely ill throughout most of 1902 , but wanted to stay in the position until the coronation of the King in August . Bradley resigned the following month , and the King appointed Robinson Dean of Westminster in early October , followed by a formal installation in Westminster Abbey on 28 October 1902 . As Dean of Westminster , he acted as chaplain to the Queens Westminsters , the largest volunteer corps in London . Robinson was Lord High Almoner from 1906 to 1933 . He served at Westminster until he was appointed Dean of Wells in 1911 . It has been suggested that the move to Wells was arranged to avoid friction in the run-up to the coronation of George V . As Dean of Wells Robinson enjoyed close links with Downside Abbey . He also critically explored the origins of the Glastonbury legends to which the Glastonbury Festival had revived attention . A renowned scholar in patristics ( he was particularly known for his work on the Lausiac History and for having been the first person to translate into English the newly discovered work by Irenaeus The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching ) , Armitage Robinson was a participant in the bilateral Anglican-Roman Catholic Malines Conversations . He held honorary doctorates from Göttingen ( Hon Ph.D. , 1893 ) and Halle ( Hon . D.Theol. , 1894 ) . He was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) in 1932 , and died at Upton Noble , Somerset , on 7 May 1933 aged 75 . Works . - Encyclopaedia Biblica ( contributor ) , 1903 . - St . Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians , A revised text and translation with exposition and notes London 1903 , Second Edition 1904 . - The Lausiac History of Palladius ( Texts and Studies , vol . vi ) ,Cambridge 1904 . - ( with Cuthbert Butler ) The Lausiac History of Palladius , 1918 . - The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching ( translated from the Armenian with introduction and notes ) , 1920 - The Saxon Bishops of Wells , London , 1919 . - Somerset Historical Essays , Oxford,1921 . - The Times of St . Dunstan , Oxford , 1923 . - Two Glastonbury Legends : King Arthur and Joseph of Arimathaea , Cambridge 1926 . Reprinted in 2010 by Kessinger Publishing , LLC .

easy

What position did Armitage Robinson take from 1911 to 1933?

/wiki/Armitage_Robinson#P39#3

Armitage Robinson Joseph Armitage Robinson ( 9 January 1858 – 7 May 1933 ) was a priest in the Church of England and scholar . He was successively Dean of Westminster ( 1902–1911 ) and of Wells ( 1911–1933 ) . Biography . Robinson was born the son of a poor vicar in Keynsham , and was educated at Liverpool College and Christs College , Cambridge , of which he became a fellow . He was ordained deacon in the Diocese of Ely in 1881 , and priest in 1882 , when he was Fellow . After a BA degree in 1881 , he received his MA degree in 1884 , was made Bachelor of Divinity ( BD ) in 1891 , and Doctor of Divinity ( DD ) in 1896 . His first ecclesiastical posting was a domestic chaplain to Joseph Lightfoot , Bishop of Durham from 1883 to 1884 , following which he was curate of Great St . Mary , Cambridge until 1886 , then a Cambridge Whitehall preacher from 1886 to 1888 . That year he was appointed examining chaplain to the Bishop of Bath and Wells and vicar of All Saints Church , Cambridge where he stayed from 1888 until 1892 . He was also a dean of Christs College , Cambridge , from 1884 to 1890 . In 1893 he was appointed Norrisian professor of Divinity at Cambridge University , serving as such until 1899 , during which he was also a prebendary of Wells Cathedral . He served as rector of St Margarets , Westminster 1899–1900 , and was appointed a canon of Westminster in 1899 , serving until his appointment as dean . In January 1902 he was appointed a Chaplain-in-Ordinary to King Edward VII . The Dean of Westminster , George Granville Bradley , was severely ill throughout most of 1902 , but wanted to stay in the position until the coronation of the King in August . Bradley resigned the following month , and the King appointed Robinson Dean of Westminster in early October , followed by a formal installation in Westminster Abbey on 28 October 1902 . As Dean of Westminster , he acted as chaplain to the Queens Westminsters , the largest volunteer corps in London . Robinson was Lord High Almoner from 1906 to 1933 . He served at Westminster until he was appointed Dean of Wells in 1911 . It has been suggested that the move to Wells was arranged to avoid friction in the run-up to the coronation of George V . As Dean of Wells Robinson enjoyed close links with Downside Abbey . He also critically explored the origins of the Glastonbury legends to which the Glastonbury Festival had revived attention . A renowned scholar in patristics ( he was particularly known for his work on the Lausiac History and for having been the first person to translate into English the newly discovered work by Irenaeus The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching ) , Armitage Robinson was a participant in the bilateral Anglican-Roman Catholic Malines Conversations . He held honorary doctorates from Göttingen ( Hon Ph.D. , 1893 ) and Halle ( Hon . D.Theol. , 1894 ) . He was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ( KCVO ) in 1932 , and died at Upton Noble , Somerset , on 7 May 1933 aged 75 . Works . - Encyclopaedia Biblica ( contributor ) , 1903 . - St . Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians , A revised text and translation with exposition and notes London 1903 , Second Edition 1904 . - The Lausiac History of Palladius ( Texts and Studies , vol . vi ) ,Cambridge 1904 . - ( with Cuthbert Butler ) The Lausiac History of Palladius , 1918 . - The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching ( translated from the Armenian with introduction and notes ) , 1920 - The Saxon Bishops of Wells , London , 1919 . - Somerset Historical Essays , Oxford,1921 . - The Times of St . Dunstan , Oxford , 1923 . - Two Glastonbury Legends : King Arthur and Joseph of Arimathaea , Cambridge 1926 . Reprinted in 2010 by Kessinger Publishing , LLC .

easy

Cris Carter played for which team from 1984 to 1986?

/wiki/Cris_Carter#P54#0

Cris Carter Christopher Darin Carter ( born November 25 , 1965 ) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles ( 1987–1989 ) , the Minnesota Vikings ( 1990–2001 ) and the Miami Dolphins ( 2002 ) . After playing college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes , Carter was drafted by the Eagles in the fourth round of the 1987 NFL supplemental draft . While in Philadelphia , head coach Buddy Ryan helped to coin one of ESPNs Chris Bermans famous quotes about Carter : All he does is catch touchdowns . He was let go by Ryan in 1989 , however , due to off-the-field issues . Carter was signed by the Vikings and turned his life and career around , becoming a two-time first-team and one-time second-team All-Pro and playing in eight consecutive Pro Bowls . When he left the Vikings after 2001 , he held most of the team career receiving records . He briefly played for the Dolphins in 2002 before retiring . Since retiring from the NFL , Carter has worked on HBOs Inside the NFL , ESPNs Sunday NFL Countdown and Monday Night Countdown , and online at Yahoo Sports . He also works as an assistant coach at St . Thomas Aquinas High School , where his son played wide receiver . In 2017 , Carter began co-hosting First Things First with Nick Wright on FS1 . He was terminated from the show following a suspension and investigation in 2019 . Carter resides in Boca Raton , Florida . He is the brother of former NBA player and coach Butch Carter . After six years , and five finalist selections , Carter was voted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame on February 2 , 2013 . Early years . Carter was born in Troy , Ohio . For elementary school he went to Heywood Elementary in Troy , Ohio . He spent his early childhood there before moving to Middletown , Ohio , with his mother , three brothers , and two sisters . They lived in a small four-bedroom apartment . He attended Middletown High School and starred in both football and basketball . Named after his grandfather , Graduel , Carter dropped his birth name and unofficially changed his name to Cris after wide receiver Cris Collinsworth , stating that he would never be famous with the name Graduel . According to Carter on ESPN Radios Mike & Mike ( on September 15 , 2014 ) , he dropped the name during 7th grade , and his name is still listed as Christopher on official documents , including his drivers license . College career . Carter was heavily recruited out of high school for both basketball and football . He accepted the offer to attend Ohio State University from Buckeyes head coach Earle Bruce . Carter became a consensus All-America selection after his junior season , Ohio States first All American at wide receiver . Carter had intended to play both football and basketball at Ohio State , but decided to focus on football after making an immediate impact his freshman year . That year , he set a Rose Bowl record with nine receptions for 172 yards . Carter was known for great hands , running precise routes , and for acrobatic leaps . He had remarkable body control and footwork when making catches near the sidelines . At the Citrus Bowl at the end of the 1985 season , Carter caught a ball that quarterback Jim Karsatos was intending to throw away . Karsatos has claimed that catch by Carter was the greatest in the history of college football : When I finally saw it on film , he was tiptoeing the sidelines and he jumped up and caught the ball left-handed by the point of the football at least a yard out of bounds . Then he somehow levitated back in bounds to get both his feet in bounds . I swear to this day he actually levitated to get back in bounds . When I saw it on film , it just blew me away . Prior to Carters senior season , he secretly signed with notorious sports agent Norby Walters . When the contract was discovered , Carter was ruled ineligible . The absence of Carter in the 1987 offense contributed to a disappointing 6–4–1 season and the firing of Coach Bruce . Missing this season also cost him a chance at evening his personal record against Michigan ; Carter finished 1–2 , his lone taste of victory in the series being his freshman year . Despite losing his senior year , Carter left Ohio State holding the school record for receptions ( 168 ) . In 2000 , he was selected as a member of the Ohio State Football All-Century Team . In 2003 , he was inducted into the Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame . Professional career . Philadelphia Eagles . A 4th round pick by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 1987 supplemental draft , Carter saw limited action during his rookie season catching just 5 passes for 84 yards and 2 touchdowns . His first professional catch was a 22-yard touchdown vs . the St . Louis Cardinals . Carter got more involved in the Eagles offense in 1988 catching 39 passes for 761 yards and tying for the team lead with 6 scoring receptions . In 1989 , he became the teams primary red zone receiver , leading the Eagles with 11 touchdown catches ( 3rd in the NFC ) while hauling in 45 passes for 605 yards . Shortly after , Carter had a falling out with coach Buddy Ryan and was a surprise cut following the pre-season . Carter later admitted that Ryan released him because of alcohol and drug abuse , including large amounts of ecstasy , cocaine and marijuana , and credits his former coach with helping him turn his life around as a result . Minnesota Vikings . The Minnesota Vikings claimed the troubled wide receiver off waivers on September 4 , 1990 , for only $100 . Stuck behind Hassan Jones and resident star receiver , Anthony Carter ( no relation ) , Carter didnt see very many passes come his way during his first season in Minnesota . He did gain a measure of revenge against his former team , however , catching six passes for 151 yards , including a 78-yard touchdown , in a Monday Night contest at Philadelphia on October 15 . Carter finished the 1990 campaign with 27 receptions for 413 yards and 3 touchdowns . In 1991 , Carter stepped forward as Minnesotas top pass catcher . He led the team with 72 receptions , 962 yards , and 5 touchdown catches . The winds of change were blowing in Minnesota ; after a second straight disappointing season head coach Jerry Burns retired . Stanford head coach Dennis Green was named as his replacement on January 10 , 1992 , and began a house cleaning process . The New Sheriff in Town released stalwarts like RB Herschel Walker and QB Wade Wilson and traded DT Keith Millard to the Seattle Seahawks . The Vikings returned to NFL prominence in 1992 , posting an 11–5 record and capturing their first NFC Central Division title since 1989 . With Rich Gannon and Sean Salisbury alternating at QB , Carter remained the teams primary aerial weapon—leading the team with 53 receptions , 681 yards , and 6 touchdowns despite missing the final four games of the season with a broken collar bone . The Vikings season ended in disappointment , however , as the defending Super Bowl champions Washington Redskins upended them 24–7 in the Wild Card round . In 1993 , veteran QB Jim McMahon acted as the teams primary signal-caller and Carter had a breakout season . He posted career highs in receptions , 86 , and yards , 1,071 , while catching 9 touchdowns — all team highs , and appeared in his first Pro Bowl . The Vikings finished the season 9–7 , good enough for a playoff berth , but fell 17–10 to the New York Giants in the Wild Card round . Veteran quarterback Warren Moon was acquired before the 1994 season and immediately developed a rapport with Carter . The veteran helped Carter set the NFL single-season record for receptions with 122 ( the record was broken in 1995 by Detroits Herman Moore ) . Carter also led the team with 1256 yards and 7 receiving touchdowns , which earned him First-team All Pro honors . Moon and Carter carried the team to a 10–6 record and the NFC Central title , but couldnt stop the Vikings from a third straight first-round playoff exit — a 35–18 home loss to the Chicago Bears . Carter teamed up with Moon in 1995 to post his finest statistical season . He caught 122 passes for a career-high 1,371 yards and led the NFL with 17 touchdown receptions . Carter received Second-team All Pro honors for his efforts . The Vikings , however , finished 8–8 and missed the playoffs for the first time under Green . Midway through the 1996 season Brad Johnson took over at QB for the Vikings . Carter didnt miss a beat , catching 96 passes for 1,163 yards and 10 touchdowns . The Vikings returned to the playoffs with a 9–7 record , but were routed by the Dallas Cowboys 40–15 in the Wild Card round . Carter appeared in his fourth straight Pro Bowl following the season . Carter continued to be the focal point of the Vikings offense in 1997 . He was named to his fifth consecutive Pro Bowl , leading the NFL with 13 touchdown receptions while pacing the team with 89 catches and 1069 yards . Even though he had more impressive seasons statistically , 1997 may have been Carters finest hour , as week after week he dazzled with one spectacular catch after another . With Randall Cunningham at QB ( he replaced the injured Johnson late in the season ) the Vikings finally broke through in the playoffs , defeating the Giants 23–22 in a last-minute miracle comeback . The playoff success was fleeting , however , as the team fell to the San Francisco 49ers 38–22 the following week . In 1998 the Vikings drafted Marshall wide receiver Randy Moss with 21st pick in the first round . Suddenly , the Vikings possessed the NFLs most dangerous weapon . They cruised through the regular season , posting a 15–1 record while scoring a then-league record 556 points . Carter , who made the Pro Bowl for the fifth time , caught 78 passes for 1,011 yards and 12 touchdowns . Led by Moss , Carter , and Miller Lite Player of the Year Randall Cunningham , the Vikings entered the playoffs as heavy favorites to reach the Super Bowl . They easily defeated the Arizona Cardinals 41–21 in the Divisional Round , advancing to the NFC Championship Game for the first time since 1987 . The Vikings entered that game as 13 and a half point favorites over the Atlanta Falcons , but lost in overtime 30–27 to become the biggest favorite to ever lose a home playoff game . Carter later said losing that game was the lone regret of his time in Minnesota , and that he didnt even know if he wanted to play anymore afterwards . The following year , Carter had his finest individual season since 1995— the First-team All Pro caught 90 passes for 1241 yards and an NFL-best 13 touchdowns . The Vikings easily defeated the Dallas Cowboys 27–10 in the Wild Card round and headed to St . Louis to face the NFLs new hottest offense . Minnesota led the eventual Super Bowl champions 17–14 at the half , but a second-half flurry led to a 49–37 Rams win . Carter finished the decade of the 90s with 835 receptions , second only to Jerry Rices 860 , and was named to the NFLs All Decade team . In 2000 , led by Daunte Culpepper , the Vikings won the NFC Central division , and Carter finished the season with 96 receptions , 1274 yards , 9 touchdowns , and an eighth Pro Bowl . On November 30 , Carter became only the second player in NFL history to reach the 1,000 reception plateau when he caught a 4-yard touchdown pass against Detroit . In 2001 , the Vikings floundered with a record of 5–11 , their first losing season since 1990 . Carters production dipped to its lowest point since 1992 ( mostly because of QB Spergon Wynns ineffectiveness in the last three games ) — 73 catches , 871 yards , 6 touchdowns — and his streak of eight straight Pro Bowls came to an end . Following the season , the longest-tenured Viking exercised an out clause in his contract that ended his career in Minnesota . Cris Carter left the Vikings as their all-time leader in , among other things , receptions ( 1,004 ) , receiving yards ( 12,383 ) , and touchdowns ( 110 ) . Miami Dolphins . Carter spent the spring of 2002 looking for a team . Although he talked with the Rams , Browns , and Dolphins , he was unable to complete a deal and joined HBOs Inside the NFL team as an analyst on May 21 . He served in that capacity until October 21 when the Miami Dolphins lured the veteran back onto the playing field to bolster their injury-riddled receiving corps . The Boca Raton resident started in his first game as a Dolphin at Lambeau Field in Week 9 . Carter showed signs of rust , catching just three passes for 31 yards and fumbling once . During the week that followed , he checked into the hospital with a kidney ailment and was sidelined for the next four weeks . Carter returned in Week 14 , but struggled to get back into the Dolphins receiver rotation . In Week 15 , however , he caught a one-handed touchdown pass as the Dolphins beat the Raiders 23–17 . The following week against the Vikings , however , he made a key drop in the end zone that cost Miami a touchdown . The Dolphins wound up losing that game and then lost to the Patriots the following week , missing the playoffs . Even though he put up respectable numbers for the number of games that he played , he retired after the season . Legacy . At the time of his retirement , Carters 1,101 career receptions and 130 touchdowns as a receiver placed him second in NFL history behind Jerry Rice , although his reception total has since been surpassed by Marvin Harrison , and his touchdown receptions by Randy Moss and Terrell Owens . Carter is one of 14 players in NFL history with 1,000 or more receptions . He was named to the NFL 1990s All-Decade Team . Carter was one of 15 finalists for the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2008 , but was not elected in a surprise to some commentators . Carter was once again excluded in 2009 and again in 2010 as receivers Jerry Rice and Tim Brown became eligible for the first time , though Brown did not make it . Additionally , Andre Reed was another possible candidate that diminished Carters chance for enshrinement in 2010 . In 2011 , he also did not make it despite not having a single wide receiver in the class . NFL Networks NFLs Top 10 placed him atop the list of wide receivers with the best hands . On February 2 , 2013 , Carter was announced as an inductee into the Hall of Fame Class of 2013 along with Bill Parcells , Larry Allen , Jonathan Ogden , Warren Sapp , Curley Culp , and Dave Robinson . NFL career statistics . ! || PHI ! || PHI ! || PHI ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIA ! || 234 || 209 || 1,515 || 1,101 || 13,899 || 12.6 || 59.4 || 130 Career notables . - One of three players to record more than 120 receptions in a season twice , 1994 and 1995 . ( Wes Welker , Antonio Brown ) - Most touchdown receptions on Thursday games ( 9 ) - Most more than 12 reception games in a single season ( 4 ) in 1995 - One of 3 players ( Clarke Gaines and Jerry Rice ) to record more than 12 receptions in back to back games - Most 1-yard touchdown receptions in NFL history ( 9 ) - tied with Jeremy Shockey - Most touchdown receptions 2 yards or less in NFL history ( 16 ) – tied with Jerry Rice - Most touchdown receptions 4 yards or less in NFL history ( 28 ) - Most touchdown receptions 5 yards or less in NFL history ( 36 ) – tied with Jerry Rice - Most touchdown receptions 6 yards or less in NFL history ( 44 ) - Most touchdown receptions 7 yards or less in NFL history ( 48 ) - Most consecutive games with 2 touchdown receptions ( 4 ) – tied with Calvin Johnson and Doug Baldwin - Most consecutive seasons with more than 5 touchdown receptions ( 11 ) – Terrell Owens , Jerry Rice , Marvin Harrison , Don Hutson , and Tim Brown - Most consecutive seasons with more than 5 touchdowns ( 11 ) – Terrell Owens , Jerry Rice , Marvin Harrison , Don Hutson , Tim Brown , and Frank Gore - First player to record a 150-yard receiving game in 3 different decades ( Jerry Rice and Terrell Owens are the only other players to do so ) - Member of 2013 Hall of Fame Class After football . Carter was one of the hosts of HBOs Inside the NFL and also was an NFL Analyst for Yahoo Sports and ESPN . He is also a faculty member and assistant coach at St . Thomas Aquinas High School , where his son played wide receiver in 2008 . He is the owner of Cris Carters FAST Program , a sports training center in South Florida and is an ordained minister . He also appeared in the 2005 sports video game NFL Street 2 as a wide receiver for the NFL Gridiron Legends team along with former teammate , safety Joey Browner , and a few other historical NFL legends . Carter was a speaker at the 2008 NFL rookie symposium and again at the 2009 NFL Rookie Symposium . He also spoke at the 2014 NFL rookie symposium , where he encouraged players to get a fall guy they can trust to take the blame if they get in trouble . The comments were revealed in 2015 in an ESPN The Magazine story about Chris Borland . The NFL took the video of the speech down from its website and released a statement saying in part : The comment was not representative of the message of the symposium or any other league program...The comment was not repeated in the 2014 AFC session or this years symposium . Carter apologized on Twitter , saying he realized it was bad advice , and everyone should take responsibility for their own actions . ESPN also released a statement saying Carters comments do not reflect the companys views . Carter was chosen to be a coach for a team in the 2015 Pro Bowl , along with former Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Michael Irvin . In December 2016 , Carter was hired by Fox Sports as a football analyst . In May 2017 , his role was expanded as it was announced that Carter would co-host a morning show , First Things First , on Fox Sports 1 with radio personality Nick Wright and moderator Jenna Wolfe . The show premiered on September 5 , 2017 . His tenure ended in November 2019 following a suspension . Personal life . Carter is a Christian and has two children . His daughter , Monterae works in philanthropy . His son , Duron Carter , played wide receiver at Ohio State in 2009 and Coffeyville Community College in 2010 . Professionally , he played for the Montreal Alouettes , a Canadian Football League ( CFL ) team , in 2013-2014 and 2016 , spending 2015 on the practice squad of the Indianapolis Colts of the NFL . In Montreal , Duron was described as being a terrible teammate among the players on the Alouettes team . In 2017 , he signed on with the Saskatchewan Roughriders , also in the CFL , where he served primarily as a receiver and occasionally played cornerback . Duron was released by the Roughriders in August 2018 , in the midst of the 2018 CFL season . He subsequently signed on with the Toronto Argonauts a few weeks later , and now currently plays for the B.C Lions . Cris is the younger brother of ex-NBA player and coach Butch Carter .

easy

Which team did the player Cris Carter belong to from 1987 to 1989?

/wiki/Cris_Carter#P54#1

Cris Carter Christopher Darin Carter ( born November 25 , 1965 ) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles ( 1987–1989 ) , the Minnesota Vikings ( 1990–2001 ) and the Miami Dolphins ( 2002 ) . After playing college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes , Carter was drafted by the Eagles in the fourth round of the 1987 NFL supplemental draft . While in Philadelphia , head coach Buddy Ryan helped to coin one of ESPNs Chris Bermans famous quotes about Carter : All he does is catch touchdowns . He was let go by Ryan in 1989 , however , due to off-the-field issues . Carter was signed by the Vikings and turned his life and career around , becoming a two-time first-team and one-time second-team All-Pro and playing in eight consecutive Pro Bowls . When he left the Vikings after 2001 , he held most of the team career receiving records . He briefly played for the Dolphins in 2002 before retiring . Since retiring from the NFL , Carter has worked on HBOs Inside the NFL , ESPNs Sunday NFL Countdown and Monday Night Countdown , and online at Yahoo Sports . He also works as an assistant coach at St . Thomas Aquinas High School , where his son played wide receiver . In 2017 , Carter began co-hosting First Things First with Nick Wright on FS1 . He was terminated from the show following a suspension and investigation in 2019 . Carter resides in Boca Raton , Florida . He is the brother of former NBA player and coach Butch Carter . After six years , and five finalist selections , Carter was voted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame on February 2 , 2013 . Early years . Carter was born in Troy , Ohio . For elementary school he went to Heywood Elementary in Troy , Ohio . He spent his early childhood there before moving to Middletown , Ohio , with his mother , three brothers , and two sisters . They lived in a small four-bedroom apartment . He attended Middletown High School and starred in both football and basketball . Named after his grandfather , Graduel , Carter dropped his birth name and unofficially changed his name to Cris after wide receiver Cris Collinsworth , stating that he would never be famous with the name Graduel . According to Carter on ESPN Radios Mike & Mike ( on September 15 , 2014 ) , he dropped the name during 7th grade , and his name is still listed as Christopher on official documents , including his drivers license . College career . Carter was heavily recruited out of high school for both basketball and football . He accepted the offer to attend Ohio State University from Buckeyes head coach Earle Bruce . Carter became a consensus All-America selection after his junior season , Ohio States first All American at wide receiver . Carter had intended to play both football and basketball at Ohio State , but decided to focus on football after making an immediate impact his freshman year . That year , he set a Rose Bowl record with nine receptions for 172 yards . Carter was known for great hands , running precise routes , and for acrobatic leaps . He had remarkable body control and footwork when making catches near the sidelines . At the Citrus Bowl at the end of the 1985 season , Carter caught a ball that quarterback Jim Karsatos was intending to throw away . Karsatos has claimed that catch by Carter was the greatest in the history of college football : When I finally saw it on film , he was tiptoeing the sidelines and he jumped up and caught the ball left-handed by the point of the football at least a yard out of bounds . Then he somehow levitated back in bounds to get both his feet in bounds . I swear to this day he actually levitated to get back in bounds . When I saw it on film , it just blew me away . Prior to Carters senior season , he secretly signed with notorious sports agent Norby Walters . When the contract was discovered , Carter was ruled ineligible . The absence of Carter in the 1987 offense contributed to a disappointing 6–4–1 season and the firing of Coach Bruce . Missing this season also cost him a chance at evening his personal record against Michigan ; Carter finished 1–2 , his lone taste of victory in the series being his freshman year . Despite losing his senior year , Carter left Ohio State holding the school record for receptions ( 168 ) . In 2000 , he was selected as a member of the Ohio State Football All-Century Team . In 2003 , he was inducted into the Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame . Professional career . Philadelphia Eagles . A 4th round pick by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 1987 supplemental draft , Carter saw limited action during his rookie season catching just 5 passes for 84 yards and 2 touchdowns . His first professional catch was a 22-yard touchdown vs . the St . Louis Cardinals . Carter got more involved in the Eagles offense in 1988 catching 39 passes for 761 yards and tying for the team lead with 6 scoring receptions . In 1989 , he became the teams primary red zone receiver , leading the Eagles with 11 touchdown catches ( 3rd in the NFC ) while hauling in 45 passes for 605 yards . Shortly after , Carter had a falling out with coach Buddy Ryan and was a surprise cut following the pre-season . Carter later admitted that Ryan released him because of alcohol and drug abuse , including large amounts of ecstasy , cocaine and marijuana , and credits his former coach with helping him turn his life around as a result . Minnesota Vikings . The Minnesota Vikings claimed the troubled wide receiver off waivers on September 4 , 1990 , for only $100 . Stuck behind Hassan Jones and resident star receiver , Anthony Carter ( no relation ) , Carter didnt see very many passes come his way during his first season in Minnesota . He did gain a measure of revenge against his former team , however , catching six passes for 151 yards , including a 78-yard touchdown , in a Monday Night contest at Philadelphia on October 15 . Carter finished the 1990 campaign with 27 receptions for 413 yards and 3 touchdowns . In 1991 , Carter stepped forward as Minnesotas top pass catcher . He led the team with 72 receptions , 962 yards , and 5 touchdown catches . The winds of change were blowing in Minnesota ; after a second straight disappointing season head coach Jerry Burns retired . Stanford head coach Dennis Green was named as his replacement on January 10 , 1992 , and began a house cleaning process . The New Sheriff in Town released stalwarts like RB Herschel Walker and QB Wade Wilson and traded DT Keith Millard to the Seattle Seahawks . The Vikings returned to NFL prominence in 1992 , posting an 11–5 record and capturing their first NFC Central Division title since 1989 . With Rich Gannon and Sean Salisbury alternating at QB , Carter remained the teams primary aerial weapon—leading the team with 53 receptions , 681 yards , and 6 touchdowns despite missing the final four games of the season with a broken collar bone . The Vikings season ended in disappointment , however , as the defending Super Bowl champions Washington Redskins upended them 24–7 in the Wild Card round . In 1993 , veteran QB Jim McMahon acted as the teams primary signal-caller and Carter had a breakout season . He posted career highs in receptions , 86 , and yards , 1,071 , while catching 9 touchdowns — all team highs , and appeared in his first Pro Bowl . The Vikings finished the season 9–7 , good enough for a playoff berth , but fell 17–10 to the New York Giants in the Wild Card round . Veteran quarterback Warren Moon was acquired before the 1994 season and immediately developed a rapport with Carter . The veteran helped Carter set the NFL single-season record for receptions with 122 ( the record was broken in 1995 by Detroits Herman Moore ) . Carter also led the team with 1256 yards and 7 receiving touchdowns , which earned him First-team All Pro honors . Moon and Carter carried the team to a 10–6 record and the NFC Central title , but couldnt stop the Vikings from a third straight first-round playoff exit — a 35–18 home loss to the Chicago Bears . Carter teamed up with Moon in 1995 to post his finest statistical season . He caught 122 passes for a career-high 1,371 yards and led the NFL with 17 touchdown receptions . Carter received Second-team All Pro honors for his efforts . The Vikings , however , finished 8–8 and missed the playoffs for the first time under Green . Midway through the 1996 season Brad Johnson took over at QB for the Vikings . Carter didnt miss a beat , catching 96 passes for 1,163 yards and 10 touchdowns . The Vikings returned to the playoffs with a 9–7 record , but were routed by the Dallas Cowboys 40–15 in the Wild Card round . Carter appeared in his fourth straight Pro Bowl following the season . Carter continued to be the focal point of the Vikings offense in 1997 . He was named to his fifth consecutive Pro Bowl , leading the NFL with 13 touchdown receptions while pacing the team with 89 catches and 1069 yards . Even though he had more impressive seasons statistically , 1997 may have been Carters finest hour , as week after week he dazzled with one spectacular catch after another . With Randall Cunningham at QB ( he replaced the injured Johnson late in the season ) the Vikings finally broke through in the playoffs , defeating the Giants 23–22 in a last-minute miracle comeback . The playoff success was fleeting , however , as the team fell to the San Francisco 49ers 38–22 the following week . In 1998 the Vikings drafted Marshall wide receiver Randy Moss with 21st pick in the first round . Suddenly , the Vikings possessed the NFLs most dangerous weapon . They cruised through the regular season , posting a 15–1 record while scoring a then-league record 556 points . Carter , who made the Pro Bowl for the fifth time , caught 78 passes for 1,011 yards and 12 touchdowns . Led by Moss , Carter , and Miller Lite Player of the Year Randall Cunningham , the Vikings entered the playoffs as heavy favorites to reach the Super Bowl . They easily defeated the Arizona Cardinals 41–21 in the Divisional Round , advancing to the NFC Championship Game for the first time since 1987 . The Vikings entered that game as 13 and a half point favorites over the Atlanta Falcons , but lost in overtime 30–27 to become the biggest favorite to ever lose a home playoff game . Carter later said losing that game was the lone regret of his time in Minnesota , and that he didnt even know if he wanted to play anymore afterwards . The following year , Carter had his finest individual season since 1995— the First-team All Pro caught 90 passes for 1241 yards and an NFL-best 13 touchdowns . The Vikings easily defeated the Dallas Cowboys 27–10 in the Wild Card round and headed to St . Louis to face the NFLs new hottest offense . Minnesota led the eventual Super Bowl champions 17–14 at the half , but a second-half flurry led to a 49–37 Rams win . Carter finished the decade of the 90s with 835 receptions , second only to Jerry Rices 860 , and was named to the NFLs All Decade team . In 2000 , led by Daunte Culpepper , the Vikings won the NFC Central division , and Carter finished the season with 96 receptions , 1274 yards , 9 touchdowns , and an eighth Pro Bowl . On November 30 , Carter became only the second player in NFL history to reach the 1,000 reception plateau when he caught a 4-yard touchdown pass against Detroit . In 2001 , the Vikings floundered with a record of 5–11 , their first losing season since 1990 . Carters production dipped to its lowest point since 1992 ( mostly because of QB Spergon Wynns ineffectiveness in the last three games ) — 73 catches , 871 yards , 6 touchdowns — and his streak of eight straight Pro Bowls came to an end . Following the season , the longest-tenured Viking exercised an out clause in his contract that ended his career in Minnesota . Cris Carter left the Vikings as their all-time leader in , among other things , receptions ( 1,004 ) , receiving yards ( 12,383 ) , and touchdowns ( 110 ) . Miami Dolphins . Carter spent the spring of 2002 looking for a team . Although he talked with the Rams , Browns , and Dolphins , he was unable to complete a deal and joined HBOs Inside the NFL team as an analyst on May 21 . He served in that capacity until October 21 when the Miami Dolphins lured the veteran back onto the playing field to bolster their injury-riddled receiving corps . The Boca Raton resident started in his first game as a Dolphin at Lambeau Field in Week 9 . Carter showed signs of rust , catching just three passes for 31 yards and fumbling once . During the week that followed , he checked into the hospital with a kidney ailment and was sidelined for the next four weeks . Carter returned in Week 14 , but struggled to get back into the Dolphins receiver rotation . In Week 15 , however , he caught a one-handed touchdown pass as the Dolphins beat the Raiders 23–17 . The following week against the Vikings , however , he made a key drop in the end zone that cost Miami a touchdown . The Dolphins wound up losing that game and then lost to the Patriots the following week , missing the playoffs . Even though he put up respectable numbers for the number of games that he played , he retired after the season . Legacy . At the time of his retirement , Carters 1,101 career receptions and 130 touchdowns as a receiver placed him second in NFL history behind Jerry Rice , although his reception total has since been surpassed by Marvin Harrison , and his touchdown receptions by Randy Moss and Terrell Owens . Carter is one of 14 players in NFL history with 1,000 or more receptions . He was named to the NFL 1990s All-Decade Team . Carter was one of 15 finalists for the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2008 , but was not elected in a surprise to some commentators . Carter was once again excluded in 2009 and again in 2010 as receivers Jerry Rice and Tim Brown became eligible for the first time , though Brown did not make it . Additionally , Andre Reed was another possible candidate that diminished Carters chance for enshrinement in 2010 . In 2011 , he also did not make it despite not having a single wide receiver in the class . NFL Networks NFLs Top 10 placed him atop the list of wide receivers with the best hands . On February 2 , 2013 , Carter was announced as an inductee into the Hall of Fame Class of 2013 along with Bill Parcells , Larry Allen , Jonathan Ogden , Warren Sapp , Curley Culp , and Dave Robinson . NFL career statistics . ! || PHI ! || PHI ! || PHI ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIA ! || 234 || 209 || 1,515 || 1,101 || 13,899 || 12.6 || 59.4 || 130 Career notables . - One of three players to record more than 120 receptions in a season twice , 1994 and 1995 . ( Wes Welker , Antonio Brown ) - Most touchdown receptions on Thursday games ( 9 ) - Most more than 12 reception games in a single season ( 4 ) in 1995 - One of 3 players ( Clarke Gaines and Jerry Rice ) to record more than 12 receptions in back to back games - Most 1-yard touchdown receptions in NFL history ( 9 ) - tied with Jeremy Shockey - Most touchdown receptions 2 yards or less in NFL history ( 16 ) – tied with Jerry Rice - Most touchdown receptions 4 yards or less in NFL history ( 28 ) - Most touchdown receptions 5 yards or less in NFL history ( 36 ) – tied with Jerry Rice - Most touchdown receptions 6 yards or less in NFL history ( 44 ) - Most touchdown receptions 7 yards or less in NFL history ( 48 ) - Most consecutive games with 2 touchdown receptions ( 4 ) – tied with Calvin Johnson and Doug Baldwin - Most consecutive seasons with more than 5 touchdown receptions ( 11 ) – Terrell Owens , Jerry Rice , Marvin Harrison , Don Hutson , and Tim Brown - Most consecutive seasons with more than 5 touchdowns ( 11 ) – Terrell Owens , Jerry Rice , Marvin Harrison , Don Hutson , Tim Brown , and Frank Gore - First player to record a 150-yard receiving game in 3 different decades ( Jerry Rice and Terrell Owens are the only other players to do so ) - Member of 2013 Hall of Fame Class After football . Carter was one of the hosts of HBOs Inside the NFL and also was an NFL Analyst for Yahoo Sports and ESPN . He is also a faculty member and assistant coach at St . Thomas Aquinas High School , where his son played wide receiver in 2008 . He is the owner of Cris Carters FAST Program , a sports training center in South Florida and is an ordained minister . He also appeared in the 2005 sports video game NFL Street 2 as a wide receiver for the NFL Gridiron Legends team along with former teammate , safety Joey Browner , and a few other historical NFL legends . Carter was a speaker at the 2008 NFL rookie symposium and again at the 2009 NFL Rookie Symposium . He also spoke at the 2014 NFL rookie symposium , where he encouraged players to get a fall guy they can trust to take the blame if they get in trouble . The comments were revealed in 2015 in an ESPN The Magazine story about Chris Borland . The NFL took the video of the speech down from its website and released a statement saying in part : The comment was not representative of the message of the symposium or any other league program...The comment was not repeated in the 2014 AFC session or this years symposium . Carter apologized on Twitter , saying he realized it was bad advice , and everyone should take responsibility for their own actions . ESPN also released a statement saying Carters comments do not reflect the companys views . Carter was chosen to be a coach for a team in the 2015 Pro Bowl , along with former Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Michael Irvin . In December 2016 , Carter was hired by Fox Sports as a football analyst . In May 2017 , his role was expanded as it was announced that Carter would co-host a morning show , First Things First , on Fox Sports 1 with radio personality Nick Wright and moderator Jenna Wolfe . The show premiered on September 5 , 2017 . His tenure ended in November 2019 following a suspension . Personal life . Carter is a Christian and has two children . His daughter , Monterae works in philanthropy . His son , Duron Carter , played wide receiver at Ohio State in 2009 and Coffeyville Community College in 2010 . Professionally , he played for the Montreal Alouettes , a Canadian Football League ( CFL ) team , in 2013-2014 and 2016 , spending 2015 on the practice squad of the Indianapolis Colts of the NFL . In Montreal , Duron was described as being a terrible teammate among the players on the Alouettes team . In 2017 , he signed on with the Saskatchewan Roughriders , also in the CFL , where he served primarily as a receiver and occasionally played cornerback . Duron was released by the Roughriders in August 2018 , in the midst of the 2018 CFL season . He subsequently signed on with the Toronto Argonauts a few weeks later , and now currently plays for the B.C Lions . Cris is the younger brother of ex-NBA player and coach Butch Carter .

easy

Cris Carter played for which team from 1990 to 2001?

/wiki/Cris_Carter#P54#2

Cris Carter Christopher Darin Carter ( born November 25 , 1965 ) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles ( 1987–1989 ) , the Minnesota Vikings ( 1990–2001 ) and the Miami Dolphins ( 2002 ) . After playing college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes , Carter was drafted by the Eagles in the fourth round of the 1987 NFL supplemental draft . While in Philadelphia , head coach Buddy Ryan helped to coin one of ESPNs Chris Bermans famous quotes about Carter : All he does is catch touchdowns . He was let go by Ryan in 1989 , however , due to off-the-field issues . Carter was signed by the Vikings and turned his life and career around , becoming a two-time first-team and one-time second-team All-Pro and playing in eight consecutive Pro Bowls . When he left the Vikings after 2001 , he held most of the team career receiving records . He briefly played for the Dolphins in 2002 before retiring . Since retiring from the NFL , Carter has worked on HBOs Inside the NFL , ESPNs Sunday NFL Countdown and Monday Night Countdown , and online at Yahoo Sports . He also works as an assistant coach at St . Thomas Aquinas High School , where his son played wide receiver . In 2017 , Carter began co-hosting First Things First with Nick Wright on FS1 . He was terminated from the show following a suspension and investigation in 2019 . Carter resides in Boca Raton , Florida . He is the brother of former NBA player and coach Butch Carter . After six years , and five finalist selections , Carter was voted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame on February 2 , 2013 . Early years . Carter was born in Troy , Ohio . For elementary school he went to Heywood Elementary in Troy , Ohio . He spent his early childhood there before moving to Middletown , Ohio , with his mother , three brothers , and two sisters . They lived in a small four-bedroom apartment . He attended Middletown High School and starred in both football and basketball . Named after his grandfather , Graduel , Carter dropped his birth name and unofficially changed his name to Cris after wide receiver Cris Collinsworth , stating that he would never be famous with the name Graduel . According to Carter on ESPN Radios Mike & Mike ( on September 15 , 2014 ) , he dropped the name during 7th grade , and his name is still listed as Christopher on official documents , including his drivers license . College career . Carter was heavily recruited out of high school for both basketball and football . He accepted the offer to attend Ohio State University from Buckeyes head coach Earle Bruce . Carter became a consensus All-America selection after his junior season , Ohio States first All American at wide receiver . Carter had intended to play both football and basketball at Ohio State , but decided to focus on football after making an immediate impact his freshman year . That year , he set a Rose Bowl record with nine receptions for 172 yards . Carter was known for great hands , running precise routes , and for acrobatic leaps . He had remarkable body control and footwork when making catches near the sidelines . At the Citrus Bowl at the end of the 1985 season , Carter caught a ball that quarterback Jim Karsatos was intending to throw away . Karsatos has claimed that catch by Carter was the greatest in the history of college football : When I finally saw it on film , he was tiptoeing the sidelines and he jumped up and caught the ball left-handed by the point of the football at least a yard out of bounds . Then he somehow levitated back in bounds to get both his feet in bounds . I swear to this day he actually levitated to get back in bounds . When I saw it on film , it just blew me away . Prior to Carters senior season , he secretly signed with notorious sports agent Norby Walters . When the contract was discovered , Carter was ruled ineligible . The absence of Carter in the 1987 offense contributed to a disappointing 6–4–1 season and the firing of Coach Bruce . Missing this season also cost him a chance at evening his personal record against Michigan ; Carter finished 1–2 , his lone taste of victory in the series being his freshman year . Despite losing his senior year , Carter left Ohio State holding the school record for receptions ( 168 ) . In 2000 , he was selected as a member of the Ohio State Football All-Century Team . In 2003 , he was inducted into the Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame . Professional career . Philadelphia Eagles . A 4th round pick by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 1987 supplemental draft , Carter saw limited action during his rookie season catching just 5 passes for 84 yards and 2 touchdowns . His first professional catch was a 22-yard touchdown vs . the St . Louis Cardinals . Carter got more involved in the Eagles offense in 1988 catching 39 passes for 761 yards and tying for the team lead with 6 scoring receptions . In 1989 , he became the teams primary red zone receiver , leading the Eagles with 11 touchdown catches ( 3rd in the NFC ) while hauling in 45 passes for 605 yards . Shortly after , Carter had a falling out with coach Buddy Ryan and was a surprise cut following the pre-season . Carter later admitted that Ryan released him because of alcohol and drug abuse , including large amounts of ecstasy , cocaine and marijuana , and credits his former coach with helping him turn his life around as a result . Minnesota Vikings . The Minnesota Vikings claimed the troubled wide receiver off waivers on September 4 , 1990 , for only $100 . Stuck behind Hassan Jones and resident star receiver , Anthony Carter ( no relation ) , Carter didnt see very many passes come his way during his first season in Minnesota . He did gain a measure of revenge against his former team , however , catching six passes for 151 yards , including a 78-yard touchdown , in a Monday Night contest at Philadelphia on October 15 . Carter finished the 1990 campaign with 27 receptions for 413 yards and 3 touchdowns . In 1991 , Carter stepped forward as Minnesotas top pass catcher . He led the team with 72 receptions , 962 yards , and 5 touchdown catches . The winds of change were blowing in Minnesota ; after a second straight disappointing season head coach Jerry Burns retired . Stanford head coach Dennis Green was named as his replacement on January 10 , 1992 , and began a house cleaning process . The New Sheriff in Town released stalwarts like RB Herschel Walker and QB Wade Wilson and traded DT Keith Millard to the Seattle Seahawks . The Vikings returned to NFL prominence in 1992 , posting an 11–5 record and capturing their first NFC Central Division title since 1989 . With Rich Gannon and Sean Salisbury alternating at QB , Carter remained the teams primary aerial weapon—leading the team with 53 receptions , 681 yards , and 6 touchdowns despite missing the final four games of the season with a broken collar bone . The Vikings season ended in disappointment , however , as the defending Super Bowl champions Washington Redskins upended them 24–7 in the Wild Card round . In 1993 , veteran QB Jim McMahon acted as the teams primary signal-caller and Carter had a breakout season . He posted career highs in receptions , 86 , and yards , 1,071 , while catching 9 touchdowns — all team highs , and appeared in his first Pro Bowl . The Vikings finished the season 9–7 , good enough for a playoff berth , but fell 17–10 to the New York Giants in the Wild Card round . Veteran quarterback Warren Moon was acquired before the 1994 season and immediately developed a rapport with Carter . The veteran helped Carter set the NFL single-season record for receptions with 122 ( the record was broken in 1995 by Detroits Herman Moore ) . Carter also led the team with 1256 yards and 7 receiving touchdowns , which earned him First-team All Pro honors . Moon and Carter carried the team to a 10–6 record and the NFC Central title , but couldnt stop the Vikings from a third straight first-round playoff exit — a 35–18 home loss to the Chicago Bears . Carter teamed up with Moon in 1995 to post his finest statistical season . He caught 122 passes for a career-high 1,371 yards and led the NFL with 17 touchdown receptions . Carter received Second-team All Pro honors for his efforts . The Vikings , however , finished 8–8 and missed the playoffs for the first time under Green . Midway through the 1996 season Brad Johnson took over at QB for the Vikings . Carter didnt miss a beat , catching 96 passes for 1,163 yards and 10 touchdowns . The Vikings returned to the playoffs with a 9–7 record , but were routed by the Dallas Cowboys 40–15 in the Wild Card round . Carter appeared in his fourth straight Pro Bowl following the season . Carter continued to be the focal point of the Vikings offense in 1997 . He was named to his fifth consecutive Pro Bowl , leading the NFL with 13 touchdown receptions while pacing the team with 89 catches and 1069 yards . Even though he had more impressive seasons statistically , 1997 may have been Carters finest hour , as week after week he dazzled with one spectacular catch after another . With Randall Cunningham at QB ( he replaced the injured Johnson late in the season ) the Vikings finally broke through in the playoffs , defeating the Giants 23–22 in a last-minute miracle comeback . The playoff success was fleeting , however , as the team fell to the San Francisco 49ers 38–22 the following week . In 1998 the Vikings drafted Marshall wide receiver Randy Moss with 21st pick in the first round . Suddenly , the Vikings possessed the NFLs most dangerous weapon . They cruised through the regular season , posting a 15–1 record while scoring a then-league record 556 points . Carter , who made the Pro Bowl for the fifth time , caught 78 passes for 1,011 yards and 12 touchdowns . Led by Moss , Carter , and Miller Lite Player of the Year Randall Cunningham , the Vikings entered the playoffs as heavy favorites to reach the Super Bowl . They easily defeated the Arizona Cardinals 41–21 in the Divisional Round , advancing to the NFC Championship Game for the first time since 1987 . The Vikings entered that game as 13 and a half point favorites over the Atlanta Falcons , but lost in overtime 30–27 to become the biggest favorite to ever lose a home playoff game . Carter later said losing that game was the lone regret of his time in Minnesota , and that he didnt even know if he wanted to play anymore afterwards . The following year , Carter had his finest individual season since 1995— the First-team All Pro caught 90 passes for 1241 yards and an NFL-best 13 touchdowns . The Vikings easily defeated the Dallas Cowboys 27–10 in the Wild Card round and headed to St . Louis to face the NFLs new hottest offense . Minnesota led the eventual Super Bowl champions 17–14 at the half , but a second-half flurry led to a 49–37 Rams win . Carter finished the decade of the 90s with 835 receptions , second only to Jerry Rices 860 , and was named to the NFLs All Decade team . In 2000 , led by Daunte Culpepper , the Vikings won the NFC Central division , and Carter finished the season with 96 receptions , 1274 yards , 9 touchdowns , and an eighth Pro Bowl . On November 30 , Carter became only the second player in NFL history to reach the 1,000 reception plateau when he caught a 4-yard touchdown pass against Detroit . In 2001 , the Vikings floundered with a record of 5–11 , their first losing season since 1990 . Carters production dipped to its lowest point since 1992 ( mostly because of QB Spergon Wynns ineffectiveness in the last three games ) — 73 catches , 871 yards , 6 touchdowns — and his streak of eight straight Pro Bowls came to an end . Following the season , the longest-tenured Viking exercised an out clause in his contract that ended his career in Minnesota . Cris Carter left the Vikings as their all-time leader in , among other things , receptions ( 1,004 ) , receiving yards ( 12,383 ) , and touchdowns ( 110 ) . Miami Dolphins . Carter spent the spring of 2002 looking for a team . Although he talked with the Rams , Browns , and Dolphins , he was unable to complete a deal and joined HBOs Inside the NFL team as an analyst on May 21 . He served in that capacity until October 21 when the Miami Dolphins lured the veteran back onto the playing field to bolster their injury-riddled receiving corps . The Boca Raton resident started in his first game as a Dolphin at Lambeau Field in Week 9 . Carter showed signs of rust , catching just three passes for 31 yards and fumbling once . During the week that followed , he checked into the hospital with a kidney ailment and was sidelined for the next four weeks . Carter returned in Week 14 , but struggled to get back into the Dolphins receiver rotation . In Week 15 , however , he caught a one-handed touchdown pass as the Dolphins beat the Raiders 23–17 . The following week against the Vikings , however , he made a key drop in the end zone that cost Miami a touchdown . The Dolphins wound up losing that game and then lost to the Patriots the following week , missing the playoffs . Even though he put up respectable numbers for the number of games that he played , he retired after the season . Legacy . At the time of his retirement , Carters 1,101 career receptions and 130 touchdowns as a receiver placed him second in NFL history behind Jerry Rice , although his reception total has since been surpassed by Marvin Harrison , and his touchdown receptions by Randy Moss and Terrell Owens . Carter is one of 14 players in NFL history with 1,000 or more receptions . He was named to the NFL 1990s All-Decade Team . Carter was one of 15 finalists for the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2008 , but was not elected in a surprise to some commentators . Carter was once again excluded in 2009 and again in 2010 as receivers Jerry Rice and Tim Brown became eligible for the first time , though Brown did not make it . Additionally , Andre Reed was another possible candidate that diminished Carters chance for enshrinement in 2010 . In 2011 , he also did not make it despite not having a single wide receiver in the class . NFL Networks NFLs Top 10 placed him atop the list of wide receivers with the best hands . On February 2 , 2013 , Carter was announced as an inductee into the Hall of Fame Class of 2013 along with Bill Parcells , Larry Allen , Jonathan Ogden , Warren Sapp , Curley Culp , and Dave Robinson . NFL career statistics . ! || PHI ! || PHI ! || PHI ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIN ! || MIA ! || 234 || 209 || 1,515 || 1,101 || 13,899 || 12.6 || 59.4 || 130 Career notables . - One of three players to record more than 120 receptions in a season twice , 1994 and 1995 . ( Wes Welker , Antonio Brown ) - Most touchdown receptions on Thursday games ( 9 ) - Most more than 12 reception games in a single season ( 4 ) in 1995 - One of 3 players ( Clarke Gaines and Jerry Rice ) to record more than 12 receptions in back to back games - Most 1-yard touchdown receptions in NFL history ( 9 ) - tied with Jeremy Shockey - Most touchdown receptions 2 yards or less in NFL history ( 16 ) – tied with Jerry Rice - Most touchdown receptions 4 yards or less in NFL history ( 28 ) - Most touchdown receptions 5 yards or less in NFL history ( 36 ) – tied with Jerry Rice - Most touchdown receptions 6 yards or less in NFL history ( 44 ) - Most touchdown receptions 7 yards or less in NFL history ( 48 ) - Most consecutive games with 2 touchdown receptions ( 4 ) – tied with Calvin Johnson and Doug Baldwin - Most consecutive seasons with more than 5 touchdown receptions ( 11 ) – Terrell Owens , Jerry Rice , Marvin Harrison , Don Hutson , and Tim Brown - Most consecutive seasons with more than 5 touchdowns ( 11 ) – Terrell Owens , Jerry Rice , Marvin Harrison , Don Hutson , Tim Brown , and Frank Gore - First player to record a 150-yard receiving game in 3 different decades ( Jerry Rice and Terrell Owens are the only other players to do so ) - Member of 2013 Hall of Fame Class After football . Carter was one of the hosts of HBOs Inside the NFL and also was an NFL Analyst for Yahoo Sports and ESPN . He is also a faculty member and assistant coach at St . Thomas Aquinas High School , where his son played wide receiver in 2008 . He is the owner of Cris Carters FAST Program , a sports training center in South Florida and is an ordained minister . He also appeared in the 2005 sports video game NFL Street 2 as a wide receiver for the NFL Gridiron Legends team along with former teammate , safety Joey Browner , and a few other historical NFL legends . Carter was a speaker at the 2008 NFL rookie symposium and again at the 2009 NFL Rookie Symposium . He also spoke at the 2014 NFL rookie symposium , where he encouraged players to get a fall guy they can trust to take the blame if they get in trouble . The comments were revealed in 2015 in an ESPN The Magazine story about Chris Borland . The NFL took the video of the speech down from its website and released a statement saying in part : The comment was not representative of the message of the symposium or any other league program...The comment was not repeated in the 2014 AFC session or this years symposium . Carter apologized on Twitter , saying he realized it was bad advice , and everyone should take responsibility for their own actions . ESPN also released a statement saying Carters comments do not reflect the companys views . Carter was chosen to be a coach for a team in the 2015 Pro Bowl , along with former Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Michael Irvin . In December 2016 , Carter was hired by Fox Sports as a football analyst . In May 2017 , his role was expanded as it was announced that Carter would co-host a morning show , First Things First , on Fox Sports 1 with radio personality Nick Wright and moderator Jenna Wolfe . The show premiered on September 5 , 2017 . His tenure ended in November 2019 following a suspension . Personal life . Carter is a Christian and has two children . His daughter , Monterae works in philanthropy . His son , Duron Carter , played wide receiver at Ohio State in 2009 and Coffeyville Community College in 2010 . Professionally , he played for the Montreal Alouettes , a Canadian Football League ( CFL ) team , in 2013-2014 and 2016 , spending 2015 on the practice squad of the Indianapolis Colts of the NFL . In Montreal , Duron was described as being a terrible teammate among the players on the Alouettes team . In 2017 , he signed on with the Saskatchewan Roughriders , also in the CFL , where he served primarily as a receiver and occasionally played cornerback . Duron was released by the Roughriders in August 2018 , in the midst of the 2018 CFL season . He subsequently signed on with the Toronto Argonauts a few weeks later , and now currently plays for the B.C Lions . Cris is the younger brother of ex-NBA player and coach Butch Carter .

easy

Which employer did James Mirrlees work for from 1963 to 1968?

/wiki/James_Mirrlees#P108#0

James Mirrlees Sir James Alexander Mirrlees ( 5 July 1936 – 29 August 2018 ) was a British economist and winner of the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences . He was knighted in the 1997 Birthday Honours . Early life and education . Born in Minnigaff , Kirkcudbrightshire , Mirrlees was educated at Douglas Ewart High School , then at the University of Edinburgh ( MA in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in 1957 ) and Trinity College , Cambridge ( Mathematical Tripos and PhD in 1963 with thesis title Optimum Planning for a Dynamic Economy , supervised by Richard Stone ) . He was a very active student debater . A contemporary , Quentin Skinner , has suggested that Mirrlees was a member of the Cambridge Apostles along with fellow Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen during the period . Economics . Between 1968 and 1976 , Mirrlees was a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology three times . He was also a visiting professor at the University of California , Berkeley ( 1986 ) and Yale University ( 1989 ) . He taught at both Oxford University ( as Edgeworth Professor of Economics 1968–1995 ) and University of Cambridge ( 1963–1968 and 1995–2018 ) . During his time at Oxford , he published papers on economic models for which he would eventually be awarded his Nobel Prize . The papers centred on asymmetric information , which determines the extent to which they should affect the optimal rate of saving in an economy . Among other results , he demonstrated the principles of moral hazard and optimal income taxation discussed in the books of William Vickrey . The methodology has since become the standard in the field . Mirrlees and Vickrey shared the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information . Mirrlees was also co-creator , with MIT Professor Peter A . Diamond , of the Diamond–Mirrlees efficiency theorem , which was developed in 1971 . Mirrlees was emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity College , Cambridge . He spent several months a year at the University of Melbourne , Australia . He was the Distinguished Professor-at-Large of the Chinese University of Hong Kong as well as University of Macau . In 2009 , he was appointed Founding Master of the Morningside College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong . Mirrlees was a member of Scotlands Council of Economic Advisers . He also led the Mirrlees Review , a review of the UK tax system by the Institute for Fiscal Studies . His Ph.D . students included eminent academics and policy makers like professor Franklin Allen , Sir Partha Dasgupta , professor Huw Dixon , professor Hyun-Song Shin , Lord Nicholas Stern , professor Anthony Venables , Sir John Vickers , and professor Zhang Weiying . He died in Cambridge , England , on 29 August 2018 . Personal life . Mirrlees was an atheist . Publications . - A New Model of Economic Growth ( with N . Kaldor ) , RES , 1962 - Optimum Growth When Technology is Changing , RES , 1967 - The Dynamic Nonsubstitution Theorem , RES , 1969 - The Evaluation of National Income in an Imperfect Economy , Pakistan Development Review , 1969 - Manual of Industrial Project Analysis in Developing Countries , Vol II : Social Cost Benefit Analysis ( with I.M.D . Little ) , 1969 - An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation , RES , 1971 - Optimal Taxation and Public Production I : Production Efficiency ( with P.A . Diamond ) , AER , 1971 - Optimal Taxation and Public Production II : Tax Rules ( with P.A . Diamond ) ,AER , 1971 - The Terms of Trade : Pearson on Trade , Debt , and Liquidity , in The Widening Gap ( ed . Barbara Ward ) , 1971 ) - On Producer Taxation , RES , 1972 - Further Reflections on Project Analysis ( with I.M.D . Little ) , Development and Planning . Essays for Paul Rosenstein-Rodan ( eds . Bhagwati and Eckaus , 1972 - Fairly Good Plans ( with N.H . Stern ) , Journal of Economic Theory , 1972 - Aggregate Production with Consumption Externalities ( with P.A . Diamond ) , QJE , 1973 - The Optimum Town , Swedish Journal of Economics , 1972 - Population Policy and the Taxation of Family Size , Journal of Public Economics , 1972 *Agreeable Plans ( with P.J . Hammond ) and Models of Economic Growth ( introduction ) , in Models of Economic Growth ( ed . Mirrlees and Stern ) , 1973 - Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries ( with I.M.D . Little ) , 1974 - Optimal Accumulation under Uncertainty : the Case of Stationary Returns to Investment , in Allocation under Uncertainty ( ed . J . Dreze ) , 1974 - Notes on Welfare Economics , Information and Uncertainty , in Essays in Equilibrium Behavior under Uncertainty ( eds . M . Balch , D . McFadden , and S . Wu ) , 1974 - Optimal Taxation in a Two-Class Economy , Journal of Public Economics , 1975 - Optimum Saving with Economies of Scale ( with A.K . Dixit and N.H . Stern ) , RES , 1975 - A Pure Theory of Underdeveloped Economies , using a Relationship between Consumption and Productivity , in Agriculture in Development Theory ( ed . L . Reynolds ) , 1975 - The Desirability of Natural Resource Depletion ( with J.A . Kay ) , in The Economics of Natural Resource Depletion ( ed . D.W . Pearce ) , 1975 - The Optimal Structure of Incentives and Authority within an Organization , Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science , 1976 - On the Assignment of Liability : the Uniform Case ( with P.A . Diamond ) , Bell Journal of Economics , 1975 - Private Constant Returns and Public Shadow Prices ( with P.A . Diamond ) , RES , 1976 - Optimal Tax Theory : A Synthesis , Journal of Public Economics , December 1976 - Implications for Tax Rates , in Taxation and Incentives , 1976 - Arguments for Public Expenditure in Contemporary Economic Analysis ( eds . Artis and Nobay ) , 1979 - Social Benefit-Cost Analysis and the Distribution of Income , World Development , 1978 - A Model of Optimal Social Insurance with Variable Retirement ( with P.A . Diamond ) , Journal of Public Economics , 1978 - Optimal Taxation in a Stochastic Economy : A Cobb-Douglas Example ( with P.A . Diamond and J . Helms ) , Journal of Public Economics , 1980 - Optimal Foreign-income taxation , Journal of Public Economics , 1982 - The economic uses of utilitarianism , in - The Theory of Optimum Taxation , Handbook of Mathematical Economics ( eds . Arrow and Intriligator ) , Vol.III , 1985 - Insurance Aspects of Pensions ( with P.A . Diamond ) , in Pensions , Labor and Individual Choice ( ed . David A . Wise ) , 1985 - Payroll-tax financed social insurance with variable retirement ( with P . A . Diamond ) , Scandinavian Journal of Economics , 1986 - Taxing Uncertain Incomes , Oxford Economic Papers , 1990 - Project Appraisal and Planning Twenty Years On ( with I.M.D . Little ) , in Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics 1990 ( eds . Stanley Fischer , Dennis de Tray and Shekhar Shah ) , 1991 - Optimal Taxation of Identical Consumers when markets are incomplete ( with P.A . Diamond ) , in Economic Analysis of Markets and Games ( ed . Dasgupta , Gale , Hart and Maskin ) , 1992 - Optimal Taxation and Government Finance in Modern Public Finance ( eds . Quigley and Smolensky ) , 1994 - Welfare Economics and Economies of Scale , Japanese Economic Review , 1995 - Private Risk and Public Action : The Economies of the Welfare State , European Economic Review , 1995 - Tax by Design : the Mirrlees Review , J . Mirrlees , S . Adam , T . Besley , R . Blundell , S . Bond , R . Chote , M . Gammie , P . Johnson , G . Myles and J . Poterba , , Oxford University Press : September 2011 . Further reading . - Richard Blundell , Ian Preston . 25 January 2019 . Principles of tax design , public policy and beyond : The ideas of James Mirrlees , 1936-2018 External links . - Biographic speech from The Chinese University of Hong Kong - James Mirrlees interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 21 July 2009 ( video ) - including the Prize Lecture December 9 , 1996 Information and Incentives : The Economics of Carrots and Sticks

easy

Who did James Mirrlees work for from 1968 to 1995?

/wiki/James_Mirrlees#P108#1

James Mirrlees Sir James Alexander Mirrlees ( 5 July 1936 – 29 August 2018 ) was a British economist and winner of the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences . He was knighted in the 1997 Birthday Honours . Early life and education . Born in Minnigaff , Kirkcudbrightshire , Mirrlees was educated at Douglas Ewart High School , then at the University of Edinburgh ( MA in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in 1957 ) and Trinity College , Cambridge ( Mathematical Tripos and PhD in 1963 with thesis title Optimum Planning for a Dynamic Economy , supervised by Richard Stone ) . He was a very active student debater . A contemporary , Quentin Skinner , has suggested that Mirrlees was a member of the Cambridge Apostles along with fellow Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen during the period . Economics . Between 1968 and 1976 , Mirrlees was a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology three times . He was also a visiting professor at the University of California , Berkeley ( 1986 ) and Yale University ( 1989 ) . He taught at both Oxford University ( as Edgeworth Professor of Economics 1968–1995 ) and University of Cambridge ( 1963–1968 and 1995–2018 ) . During his time at Oxford , he published papers on economic models for which he would eventually be awarded his Nobel Prize . The papers centred on asymmetric information , which determines the extent to which they should affect the optimal rate of saving in an economy . Among other results , he demonstrated the principles of moral hazard and optimal income taxation discussed in the books of William Vickrey . The methodology has since become the standard in the field . Mirrlees and Vickrey shared the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information . Mirrlees was also co-creator , with MIT Professor Peter A . Diamond , of the Diamond–Mirrlees efficiency theorem , which was developed in 1971 . Mirrlees was emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity College , Cambridge . He spent several months a year at the University of Melbourne , Australia . He was the Distinguished Professor-at-Large of the Chinese University of Hong Kong as well as University of Macau . In 2009 , he was appointed Founding Master of the Morningside College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong . Mirrlees was a member of Scotlands Council of Economic Advisers . He also led the Mirrlees Review , a review of the UK tax system by the Institute for Fiscal Studies . His Ph.D . students included eminent academics and policy makers like professor Franklin Allen , Sir Partha Dasgupta , professor Huw Dixon , professor Hyun-Song Shin , Lord Nicholas Stern , professor Anthony Venables , Sir John Vickers , and professor Zhang Weiying . He died in Cambridge , England , on 29 August 2018 . Personal life . Mirrlees was an atheist . Publications . - A New Model of Economic Growth ( with N . Kaldor ) , RES , 1962 - Optimum Growth When Technology is Changing , RES , 1967 - The Dynamic Nonsubstitution Theorem , RES , 1969 - The Evaluation of National Income in an Imperfect Economy , Pakistan Development Review , 1969 - Manual of Industrial Project Analysis in Developing Countries , Vol II : Social Cost Benefit Analysis ( with I.M.D . Little ) , 1969 - An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation , RES , 1971 - Optimal Taxation and Public Production I : Production Efficiency ( with P.A . Diamond ) , AER , 1971 - Optimal Taxation and Public Production II : Tax Rules ( with P.A . Diamond ) ,AER , 1971 - The Terms of Trade : Pearson on Trade , Debt , and Liquidity , in The Widening Gap ( ed . Barbara Ward ) , 1971 ) - On Producer Taxation , RES , 1972 - Further Reflections on Project Analysis ( with I.M.D . Little ) , Development and Planning . Essays for Paul Rosenstein-Rodan ( eds . Bhagwati and Eckaus , 1972 - Fairly Good Plans ( with N.H . Stern ) , Journal of Economic Theory , 1972 - Aggregate Production with Consumption Externalities ( with P.A . Diamond ) , QJE , 1973 - The Optimum Town , Swedish Journal of Economics , 1972 - Population Policy and the Taxation of Family Size , Journal of Public Economics , 1972 *Agreeable Plans ( with P.J . Hammond ) and Models of Economic Growth ( introduction ) , in Models of Economic Growth ( ed . Mirrlees and Stern ) , 1973 - Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries ( with I.M.D . Little ) , 1974 - Optimal Accumulation under Uncertainty : the Case of Stationary Returns to Investment , in Allocation under Uncertainty ( ed . J . Dreze ) , 1974 - Notes on Welfare Economics , Information and Uncertainty , in Essays in Equilibrium Behavior under Uncertainty ( eds . M . Balch , D . McFadden , and S . Wu ) , 1974 - Optimal Taxation in a Two-Class Economy , Journal of Public Economics , 1975 - Optimum Saving with Economies of Scale ( with A.K . Dixit and N.H . Stern ) , RES , 1975 - A Pure Theory of Underdeveloped Economies , using a Relationship between Consumption and Productivity , in Agriculture in Development Theory ( ed . L . Reynolds ) , 1975 - The Desirability of Natural Resource Depletion ( with J.A . Kay ) , in The Economics of Natural Resource Depletion ( ed . D.W . Pearce ) , 1975 - The Optimal Structure of Incentives and Authority within an Organization , Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science , 1976 - On the Assignment of Liability : the Uniform Case ( with P.A . Diamond ) , Bell Journal of Economics , 1975 - Private Constant Returns and Public Shadow Prices ( with P.A . Diamond ) , RES , 1976 - Optimal Tax Theory : A Synthesis , Journal of Public Economics , December 1976 - Implications for Tax Rates , in Taxation and Incentives , 1976 - Arguments for Public Expenditure in Contemporary Economic Analysis ( eds . Artis and Nobay ) , 1979 - Social Benefit-Cost Analysis and the Distribution of Income , World Development , 1978 - A Model of Optimal Social Insurance with Variable Retirement ( with P.A . Diamond ) , Journal of Public Economics , 1978 - Optimal Taxation in a Stochastic Economy : A Cobb-Douglas Example ( with P.A . Diamond and J . Helms ) , Journal of Public Economics , 1980 - Optimal Foreign-income taxation , Journal of Public Economics , 1982 - The economic uses of utilitarianism , in - The Theory of Optimum Taxation , Handbook of Mathematical Economics ( eds . Arrow and Intriligator ) , Vol.III , 1985 - Insurance Aspects of Pensions ( with P.A . Diamond ) , in Pensions , Labor and Individual Choice ( ed . David A . Wise ) , 1985 - Payroll-tax financed social insurance with variable retirement ( with P . A . Diamond ) , Scandinavian Journal of Economics , 1986 - Taxing Uncertain Incomes , Oxford Economic Papers , 1990 - Project Appraisal and Planning Twenty Years On ( with I.M.D . Little ) , in Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics 1990 ( eds . Stanley Fischer , Dennis de Tray and Shekhar Shah ) , 1991 - Optimal Taxation of Identical Consumers when markets are incomplete ( with P.A . Diamond ) , in Economic Analysis of Markets and Games ( ed . Dasgupta , Gale , Hart and Maskin ) , 1992 - Optimal Taxation and Government Finance in Modern Public Finance ( eds . Quigley and Smolensky ) , 1994 - Welfare Economics and Economies of Scale , Japanese Economic Review , 1995 - Private Risk and Public Action : The Economies of the Welfare State , European Economic Review , 1995 - Tax by Design : the Mirrlees Review , J . Mirrlees , S . Adam , T . Besley , R . Blundell , S . Bond , R . Chote , M . Gammie , P . Johnson , G . Myles and J . Poterba , , Oxford University Press : September 2011 . Further reading . - Richard Blundell , Ian Preston . 25 January 2019 . Principles of tax design , public policy and beyond : The ideas of James Mirrlees , 1936-2018 External links . - Biographic speech from The Chinese University of Hong Kong - James Mirrlees interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 21 July 2009 ( video ) - including the Prize Lecture December 9 , 1996 Information and Incentives : The Economics of Carrots and Sticks

easy

What was the name of the employer James Mirrlees work for from 1995 to 1996?

/wiki/James_Mirrlees#P108#2

James Mirrlees Sir James Alexander Mirrlees ( 5 July 1936 – 29 August 2018 ) was a British economist and winner of the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences . He was knighted in the 1997 Birthday Honours . Early life and education . Born in Minnigaff , Kirkcudbrightshire , Mirrlees was educated at Douglas Ewart High School , then at the University of Edinburgh ( MA in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in 1957 ) and Trinity College , Cambridge ( Mathematical Tripos and PhD in 1963 with thesis title Optimum Planning for a Dynamic Economy , supervised by Richard Stone ) . He was a very active student debater . A contemporary , Quentin Skinner , has suggested that Mirrlees was a member of the Cambridge Apostles along with fellow Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen during the period . Economics . Between 1968 and 1976 , Mirrlees was a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology three times . He was also a visiting professor at the University of California , Berkeley ( 1986 ) and Yale University ( 1989 ) . He taught at both Oxford University ( as Edgeworth Professor of Economics 1968–1995 ) and University of Cambridge ( 1963–1968 and 1995–2018 ) . During his time at Oxford , he published papers on economic models for which he would eventually be awarded his Nobel Prize . The papers centred on asymmetric information , which determines the extent to which they should affect the optimal rate of saving in an economy . Among other results , he demonstrated the principles of moral hazard and optimal income taxation discussed in the books of William Vickrey . The methodology has since become the standard in the field . Mirrlees and Vickrey shared the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information . Mirrlees was also co-creator , with MIT Professor Peter A . Diamond , of the Diamond–Mirrlees efficiency theorem , which was developed in 1971 . Mirrlees was emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity College , Cambridge . He spent several months a year at the University of Melbourne , Australia . He was the Distinguished Professor-at-Large of the Chinese University of Hong Kong as well as University of Macau . In 2009 , he was appointed Founding Master of the Morningside College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong . Mirrlees was a member of Scotlands Council of Economic Advisers . He also led the Mirrlees Review , a review of the UK tax system by the Institute for Fiscal Studies . His Ph.D . students included eminent academics and policy makers like professor Franklin Allen , Sir Partha Dasgupta , professor Huw Dixon , professor Hyun-Song Shin , Lord Nicholas Stern , professor Anthony Venables , Sir John Vickers , and professor Zhang Weiying . He died in Cambridge , England , on 29 August 2018 . Personal life . Mirrlees was an atheist . Publications . - A New Model of Economic Growth ( with N . Kaldor ) , RES , 1962 - Optimum Growth When Technology is Changing , RES , 1967 - The Dynamic Nonsubstitution Theorem , RES , 1969 - The Evaluation of National Income in an Imperfect Economy , Pakistan Development Review , 1969 - Manual of Industrial Project Analysis in Developing Countries , Vol II : Social Cost Benefit Analysis ( with I.M.D . Little ) , 1969 - An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation , RES , 1971 - Optimal Taxation and Public Production I : Production Efficiency ( with P.A . Diamond ) , AER , 1971 - Optimal Taxation and Public Production II : Tax Rules ( with P.A . Diamond ) ,AER , 1971 - The Terms of Trade : Pearson on Trade , Debt , and Liquidity , in The Widening Gap ( ed . Barbara Ward ) , 1971 ) - On Producer Taxation , RES , 1972 - Further Reflections on Project Analysis ( with I.M.D . Little ) , Development and Planning . Essays for Paul Rosenstein-Rodan ( eds . Bhagwati and Eckaus , 1972 - Fairly Good Plans ( with N.H . Stern ) , Journal of Economic Theory , 1972 - Aggregate Production with Consumption Externalities ( with P.A . Diamond ) , QJE , 1973 - The Optimum Town , Swedish Journal of Economics , 1972 - Population Policy and the Taxation of Family Size , Journal of Public Economics , 1972 *Agreeable Plans ( with P.J . Hammond ) and Models of Economic Growth ( introduction ) , in Models of Economic Growth ( ed . Mirrlees and Stern ) , 1973 - Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries ( with I.M.D . Little ) , 1974 - Optimal Accumulation under Uncertainty : the Case of Stationary Returns to Investment , in Allocation under Uncertainty ( ed . J . Dreze ) , 1974 - Notes on Welfare Economics , Information and Uncertainty , in Essays in Equilibrium Behavior under Uncertainty ( eds . M . Balch , D . McFadden , and S . Wu ) , 1974 - Optimal Taxation in a Two-Class Economy , Journal of Public Economics , 1975 - Optimum Saving with Economies of Scale ( with A.K . Dixit and N.H . Stern ) , RES , 1975 - A Pure Theory of Underdeveloped Economies , using a Relationship between Consumption and Productivity , in Agriculture in Development Theory ( ed . L . Reynolds ) , 1975 - The Desirability of Natural Resource Depletion ( with J.A . Kay ) , in The Economics of Natural Resource Depletion ( ed . D.W . Pearce ) , 1975 - The Optimal Structure of Incentives and Authority within an Organization , Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science , 1976 - On the Assignment of Liability : the Uniform Case ( with P.A . Diamond ) , Bell Journal of Economics , 1975 - Private Constant Returns and Public Shadow Prices ( with P.A . Diamond ) , RES , 1976 - Optimal Tax Theory : A Synthesis , Journal of Public Economics , December 1976 - Implications for Tax Rates , in Taxation and Incentives , 1976 - Arguments for Public Expenditure in Contemporary Economic Analysis ( eds . Artis and Nobay ) , 1979 - Social Benefit-Cost Analysis and the Distribution of Income , World Development , 1978 - A Model of Optimal Social Insurance with Variable Retirement ( with P.A . Diamond ) , Journal of Public Economics , 1978 - Optimal Taxation in a Stochastic Economy : A Cobb-Douglas Example ( with P.A . Diamond and J . Helms ) , Journal of Public Economics , 1980 - Optimal Foreign-income taxation , Journal of Public Economics , 1982 - The economic uses of utilitarianism , in - The Theory of Optimum Taxation , Handbook of Mathematical Economics ( eds . Arrow and Intriligator ) , Vol.III , 1985 - Insurance Aspects of Pensions ( with P.A . Diamond ) , in Pensions , Labor and Individual Choice ( ed . David A . Wise ) , 1985 - Payroll-tax financed social insurance with variable retirement ( with P . A . Diamond ) , Scandinavian Journal of Economics , 1986 - Taxing Uncertain Incomes , Oxford Economic Papers , 1990 - Project Appraisal and Planning Twenty Years On ( with I.M.D . Little ) , in Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics 1990 ( eds . Stanley Fischer , Dennis de Tray and Shekhar Shah ) , 1991 - Optimal Taxation of Identical Consumers when markets are incomplete ( with P.A . Diamond ) , in Economic Analysis of Markets and Games ( ed . Dasgupta , Gale , Hart and Maskin ) , 1992 - Optimal Taxation and Government Finance in Modern Public Finance ( eds . Quigley and Smolensky ) , 1994 - Welfare Economics and Economies of Scale , Japanese Economic Review , 1995 - Private Risk and Public Action : The Economies of the Welfare State , European Economic Review , 1995 - Tax by Design : the Mirrlees Review , J . Mirrlees , S . Adam , T . Besley , R . Blundell , S . Bond , R . Chote , M . Gammie , P . Johnson , G . Myles and J . Poterba , , Oxford University Press : September 2011 . Further reading . - Richard Blundell , Ian Preston . 25 January 2019 . Principles of tax design , public policy and beyond : The ideas of James Mirrlees , 1936-2018 External links . - Biographic speech from The Chinese University of Hong Kong - James Mirrlees interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 21 July 2009 ( video ) - including the Prize Lecture December 9 , 1996 Information and Incentives : The Economics of Carrots and Sticks

easy

What position did Rosemary Butler (politician) take in May 1999?

/wiki/Rosemary_Butler_(politician)#P39#0

Rosemary Butler ( politician ) Dame Rosemary Janet Mair Butler ( née McGrath ; born 21 January 1943 ) is a British politician who was Labour Member of the Senedd for Newport West from 1999 to 2016 . Serving briefly as Secretary for Education in the first two years of the Welsh Government , she was elected Dirprwy Lywydd of the Senedd in May 2007 . In May 2011 , Butler was elected as the Llywydd of the Senedd . She did not stand for election to the Senedd in the 2016 elections . Family . Rosemary Janet Mair McGrath was born in Much Wenlock , Shropshire . Her family moved to the Rhymney Valley soon after . As a teenager she moved to Newport with her parents ( Godfrey and Gwen McGrath ) and brother John ; there she attended St Julians High School . In the early 1960s she met her husband Derek Butler , whom she married in 1966 . He was a lecturer in art and design at Newport Art college , which was at the time based in Clarence Place . They have two daughters , Kate ( born 1968-2013 ) and Alice ( born 1970 ) Local politics . In 1971 Butler joined the Labour Party . She was elected to Newport Borough Council from Caerleon ward in 1973 , and played an important part in Labour administrations on the council as Deputy Leader and Mayor of Newport in 1989–90 . She was Chair of the Leisure Services Committee for 12 years . National Assembly . At the first Senedd election in 1999 , Butler was selected as Labour candidate for Newport West which she won . She was appointed Secretary for Education : Minister for Children and Young People ( up to 16 ) by Alun Michael but held office only for a year , leaving in October 2000 when the new First Minister , Rhodri Morgan , formed a coalition government . She was Chair of the Senedds Culture , Welsh Language and Sport Committee and served on the Panel of Chairs . She led the British Council activities in the Senedd and also represents the Senedd on the European Committee of the Regions ( CoR ) where she is a member of the Bureau ( executive ) of the Committee . Presiding Officer and Deputy Presiding Officer . On 9 May 2007 , Butler was picked as the Labour groups nominee for Dirprwy Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru , a position vacant by the defeat of the previous holder and which had to be held by a member from a different party to the Llywydd . Her election by the whole of the Senedd was not opposed . Butler was appointed the second Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru on 11 May 2011 , following Dafydd Elis-Thomas . Butler was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the 2014 New Year Honours for political and public services , particularly to women . Women in Public Life Campaign #POWiPL . In 2012 Rosemary Butler AM launched a campaign to address the need for more women to apply for and take up public roles and appointments . Her Women in Public Life campaign ( POWiPL ) aims to ensure that women are fairly represented at all levels of public life in Wales . During the campaign , Rosemary has hosted many high-profile influential speakers at the Senedd , most notably former Prime Minister of Australia , Julia Gillard to talk about gender equality and encourage women to put themselves forward for public appointments . She also launched a website ; Women in Public Life Portal to enable women in Wales to search for public appointments . In October 2014 , Rosemary launched a mentoring and development scheme for women who wanted to gain experience in public life and undergo training to help prepare them for decision making roles over a period of 18 months . The scheme is delivered by Chwarae Teg and Cardiff Business School on behalf of the Senedd Cymru . Personal interests . - Honorary Fellow of the University of Wales , Newport - Co-founder and Chair of the Newport International Competition for Young Pianists - An Honorary Citizen of Newports twin town Kutaisi ( Republic of Georgia ) , and founding member of the Newport-Kutaisi Twinning Association - President of the Friends of Newport Transporter Bridge - President of the Wales Home Safety Council - President of Newport Harriers Athletic Club - Honorary Life Member of Newport Sports Council - Life Member of Newport Cricket Club - Founder member of the Friends of Tredegar House - Ambassador for Girl Guiding - Founder member of Newport Womens Aid - Member of Womens International League of Peace and Freedom - Patron of Caerleon Arts Festival - Chairwoman , Newport Womens Forum - Chairwoman , Live Music Now Wales References . - BBC profile - Personal website - Carwyn Jones reappointed as Wales first ministe

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What position did Rosemary Butler (politician) take from May 1999 to Feb 2000?

/wiki/Rosemary_Butler_(politician)#P39#1

Rosemary Butler ( politician ) Dame Rosemary Janet Mair Butler ( née McGrath ; born 21 January 1943 ) is a British politician who was Labour Member of the Senedd for Newport West from 1999 to 2016 . Serving briefly as Secretary for Education in the first two years of the Welsh Government , she was elected Dirprwy Lywydd of the Senedd in May 2007 . In May 2011 , Butler was elected as the Llywydd of the Senedd . She did not stand for election to the Senedd in the 2016 elections . Family . Rosemary Janet Mair McGrath was born in Much Wenlock , Shropshire . Her family moved to the Rhymney Valley soon after . As a teenager she moved to Newport with her parents ( Godfrey and Gwen McGrath ) and brother John ; there she attended St Julians High School . In the early 1960s she met her husband Derek Butler , whom she married in 1966 . He was a lecturer in art and design at Newport Art college , which was at the time based in Clarence Place . They have two daughters , Kate ( born 1968-2013 ) and Alice ( born 1970 ) Local politics . In 1971 Butler joined the Labour Party . She was elected to Newport Borough Council from Caerleon ward in 1973 , and played an important part in Labour administrations on the council as Deputy Leader and Mayor of Newport in 1989–90 . She was Chair of the Leisure Services Committee for 12 years . National Assembly . At the first Senedd election in 1999 , Butler was selected as Labour candidate for Newport West which she won . She was appointed Secretary for Education : Minister for Children and Young People ( up to 16 ) by Alun Michael but held office only for a year , leaving in October 2000 when the new First Minister , Rhodri Morgan , formed a coalition government . She was Chair of the Senedds Culture , Welsh Language and Sport Committee and served on the Panel of Chairs . She led the British Council activities in the Senedd and also represents the Senedd on the European Committee of the Regions ( CoR ) where she is a member of the Bureau ( executive ) of the Committee . Presiding Officer and Deputy Presiding Officer . On 9 May 2007 , Butler was picked as the Labour groups nominee for Dirprwy Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru , a position vacant by the defeat of the previous holder and which had to be held by a member from a different party to the Llywydd . Her election by the whole of the Senedd was not opposed . Butler was appointed the second Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru on 11 May 2011 , following Dafydd Elis-Thomas . Butler was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the 2014 New Year Honours for political and public services , particularly to women . Women in Public Life Campaign #POWiPL . In 2012 Rosemary Butler AM launched a campaign to address the need for more women to apply for and take up public roles and appointments . Her Women in Public Life campaign ( POWiPL ) aims to ensure that women are fairly represented at all levels of public life in Wales . During the campaign , Rosemary has hosted many high-profile influential speakers at the Senedd , most notably former Prime Minister of Australia , Julia Gillard to talk about gender equality and encourage women to put themselves forward for public appointments . She also launched a website ; Women in Public Life Portal to enable women in Wales to search for public appointments . In October 2014 , Rosemary launched a mentoring and development scheme for women who wanted to gain experience in public life and undergo training to help prepare them for decision making roles over a period of 18 months . The scheme is delivered by Chwarae Teg and Cardiff Business School on behalf of the Senedd Cymru . Personal interests . - Honorary Fellow of the University of Wales , Newport - Co-founder and Chair of the Newport International Competition for Young Pianists - An Honorary Citizen of Newports twin town Kutaisi ( Republic of Georgia ) , and founding member of the Newport-Kutaisi Twinning Association - President of the Friends of Newport Transporter Bridge - President of the Wales Home Safety Council - President of Newport Harriers Athletic Club - Honorary Life Member of Newport Sports Council - Life Member of Newport Cricket Club - Founder member of the Friends of Tredegar House - Ambassador for Girl Guiding - Founder member of Newport Womens Aid - Member of Womens International League of Peace and Freedom - Patron of Caerleon Arts Festival - Chairwoman , Newport Womens Forum - Chairwoman , Live Music Now Wales References . - BBC profile - Personal website - Carwyn Jones reappointed as Wales first ministe

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What was the position of Rosemary Butler (politician) from Feb 2000 to Apr 2003?

/wiki/Rosemary_Butler_(politician)#P39#2

Rosemary Butler ( politician ) Dame Rosemary Janet Mair Butler ( née McGrath ; born 21 January 1943 ) is a British politician who was Labour Member of the Senedd for Newport West from 1999 to 2016 . Serving briefly as Secretary for Education in the first two years of the Welsh Government , she was elected Dirprwy Lywydd of the Senedd in May 2007 . In May 2011 , Butler was elected as the Llywydd of the Senedd . She did not stand for election to the Senedd in the 2016 elections . Family . Rosemary Janet Mair McGrath was born in Much Wenlock , Shropshire . Her family moved to the Rhymney Valley soon after . As a teenager she moved to Newport with her parents ( Godfrey and Gwen McGrath ) and brother John ; there she attended St Julians High School . In the early 1960s she met her husband Derek Butler , whom she married in 1966 . He was a lecturer in art and design at Newport Art college , which was at the time based in Clarence Place . They have two daughters , Kate ( born 1968-2013 ) and Alice ( born 1970 ) Local politics . In 1971 Butler joined the Labour Party . She was elected to Newport Borough Council from Caerleon ward in 1973 , and played an important part in Labour administrations on the council as Deputy Leader and Mayor of Newport in 1989–90 . She was Chair of the Leisure Services Committee for 12 years . National Assembly . At the first Senedd election in 1999 , Butler was selected as Labour candidate for Newport West which she won . She was appointed Secretary for Education : Minister for Children and Young People ( up to 16 ) by Alun Michael but held office only for a year , leaving in October 2000 when the new First Minister , Rhodri Morgan , formed a coalition government . She was Chair of the Senedds Culture , Welsh Language and Sport Committee and served on the Panel of Chairs . She led the British Council activities in the Senedd and also represents the Senedd on the European Committee of the Regions ( CoR ) where she is a member of the Bureau ( executive ) of the Committee . Presiding Officer and Deputy Presiding Officer . On 9 May 2007 , Butler was picked as the Labour groups nominee for Dirprwy Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru , a position vacant by the defeat of the previous holder and which had to be held by a member from a different party to the Llywydd . Her election by the whole of the Senedd was not opposed . Butler was appointed the second Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru on 11 May 2011 , following Dafydd Elis-Thomas . Butler was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the 2014 New Year Honours for political and public services , particularly to women . Women in Public Life Campaign #POWiPL . In 2012 Rosemary Butler AM launched a campaign to address the need for more women to apply for and take up public roles and appointments . Her Women in Public Life campaign ( POWiPL ) aims to ensure that women are fairly represented at all levels of public life in Wales . During the campaign , Rosemary has hosted many high-profile influential speakers at the Senedd , most notably former Prime Minister of Australia , Julia Gillard to talk about gender equality and encourage women to put themselves forward for public appointments . She also launched a website ; Women in Public Life Portal to enable women in Wales to search for public appointments . In October 2014 , Rosemary launched a mentoring and development scheme for women who wanted to gain experience in public life and undergo training to help prepare them for decision making roles over a period of 18 months . The scheme is delivered by Chwarae Teg and Cardiff Business School on behalf of the Senedd Cymru . Personal interests . - Honorary Fellow of the University of Wales , Newport - Co-founder and Chair of the Newport International Competition for Young Pianists - An Honorary Citizen of Newports twin town Kutaisi ( Republic of Georgia ) , and founding member of the Newport-Kutaisi Twinning Association - President of the Friends of Newport Transporter Bridge - President of the Wales Home Safety Council - President of Newport Harriers Athletic Club - Honorary Life Member of Newport Sports Council - Life Member of Newport Cricket Club - Founder member of the Friends of Tredegar House - Ambassador for Girl Guiding - Founder member of Newport Womens Aid - Member of Womens International League of Peace and Freedom - Patron of Caerleon Arts Festival - Chairwoman , Newport Womens Forum - Chairwoman , Live Music Now Wales References . - BBC profile - Personal website - Carwyn Jones reappointed as Wales first ministe

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Which position did Rosemary Butler (politician) hold from May 2003 to Mar 2007?

/wiki/Rosemary_Butler_(politician)#P39#3

Rosemary Butler ( politician ) Dame Rosemary Janet Mair Butler ( née McGrath ; born 21 January 1943 ) is a British politician who was Labour Member of the Senedd for Newport West from 1999 to 2016 . Serving briefly as Secretary for Education in the first two years of the Welsh Government , she was elected Dirprwy Lywydd of the Senedd in May 2007 . In May 2011 , Butler was elected as the Llywydd of the Senedd . She did not stand for election to the Senedd in the 2016 elections . Family . Rosemary Janet Mair McGrath was born in Much Wenlock , Shropshire . Her family moved to the Rhymney Valley soon after . As a teenager she moved to Newport with her parents ( Godfrey and Gwen McGrath ) and brother John ; there she attended St Julians High School . In the early 1960s she met her husband Derek Butler , whom she married in 1966 . He was a lecturer in art and design at Newport Art college , which was at the time based in Clarence Place . They have two daughters , Kate ( born 1968-2013 ) and Alice ( born 1970 ) Local politics . In 1971 Butler joined the Labour Party . She was elected to Newport Borough Council from Caerleon ward in 1973 , and played an important part in Labour administrations on the council as Deputy Leader and Mayor of Newport in 1989–90 . She was Chair of the Leisure Services Committee for 12 years . National Assembly . At the first Senedd election in 1999 , Butler was selected as Labour candidate for Newport West which she won . She was appointed Secretary for Education : Minister for Children and Young People ( up to 16 ) by Alun Michael but held office only for a year , leaving in October 2000 when the new First Minister , Rhodri Morgan , formed a coalition government . She was Chair of the Senedds Culture , Welsh Language and Sport Committee and served on the Panel of Chairs . She led the British Council activities in the Senedd and also represents the Senedd on the European Committee of the Regions ( CoR ) where she is a member of the Bureau ( executive ) of the Committee . Presiding Officer and Deputy Presiding Officer . On 9 May 2007 , Butler was picked as the Labour groups nominee for Dirprwy Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru , a position vacant by the defeat of the previous holder and which had to be held by a member from a different party to the Llywydd . Her election by the whole of the Senedd was not opposed . Butler was appointed the second Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru on 11 May 2011 , following Dafydd Elis-Thomas . Butler was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the 2014 New Year Honours for political and public services , particularly to women . Women in Public Life Campaign #POWiPL . In 2012 Rosemary Butler AM launched a campaign to address the need for more women to apply for and take up public roles and appointments . Her Women in Public Life campaign ( POWiPL ) aims to ensure that women are fairly represented at all levels of public life in Wales . During the campaign , Rosemary has hosted many high-profile influential speakers at the Senedd , most notably former Prime Minister of Australia , Julia Gillard to talk about gender equality and encourage women to put themselves forward for public appointments . She also launched a website ; Women in Public Life Portal to enable women in Wales to search for public appointments . In October 2014 , Rosemary launched a mentoring and development scheme for women who wanted to gain experience in public life and undergo training to help prepare them for decision making roles over a period of 18 months . The scheme is delivered by Chwarae Teg and Cardiff Business School on behalf of the Senedd Cymru . Personal interests . - Honorary Fellow of the University of Wales , Newport - Co-founder and Chair of the Newport International Competition for Young Pianists - An Honorary Citizen of Newports twin town Kutaisi ( Republic of Georgia ) , and founding member of the Newport-Kutaisi Twinning Association - President of the Friends of Newport Transporter Bridge - President of the Wales Home Safety Council - President of Newport Harriers Athletic Club - Honorary Life Member of Newport Sports Council - Life Member of Newport Cricket Club - Founder member of the Friends of Tredegar House - Ambassador for Girl Guiding - Founder member of Newport Womens Aid - Member of Womens International League of Peace and Freedom - Patron of Caerleon Arts Festival - Chairwoman , Newport Womens Forum - Chairwoman , Live Music Now Wales References . - BBC profile - Personal website - Carwyn Jones reappointed as Wales first ministe

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What was the position of Rosemary Butler (politician) from May 2007 to Mar 2011?

/wiki/Rosemary_Butler_(politician)#P39#4

Rosemary Butler ( politician ) Dame Rosemary Janet Mair Butler ( née McGrath ; born 21 January 1943 ) is a British politician who was Labour Member of the Senedd for Newport West from 1999 to 2016 . Serving briefly as Secretary for Education in the first two years of the Welsh Government , she was elected Dirprwy Lywydd of the Senedd in May 2007 . In May 2011 , Butler was elected as the Llywydd of the Senedd . She did not stand for election to the Senedd in the 2016 elections . Family . Rosemary Janet Mair McGrath was born in Much Wenlock , Shropshire . Her family moved to the Rhymney Valley soon after . As a teenager she moved to Newport with her parents ( Godfrey and Gwen McGrath ) and brother John ; there she attended St Julians High School . In the early 1960s she met her husband Derek Butler , whom she married in 1966 . He was a lecturer in art and design at Newport Art college , which was at the time based in Clarence Place . They have two daughters , Kate ( born 1968-2013 ) and Alice ( born 1970 ) Local politics . In 1971 Butler joined the Labour Party . She was elected to Newport Borough Council from Caerleon ward in 1973 , and played an important part in Labour administrations on the council as Deputy Leader and Mayor of Newport in 1989–90 . She was Chair of the Leisure Services Committee for 12 years . National Assembly . At the first Senedd election in 1999 , Butler was selected as Labour candidate for Newport West which she won . She was appointed Secretary for Education : Minister for Children and Young People ( up to 16 ) by Alun Michael but held office only for a year , leaving in October 2000 when the new First Minister , Rhodri Morgan , formed a coalition government . She was Chair of the Senedds Culture , Welsh Language and Sport Committee and served on the Panel of Chairs . She led the British Council activities in the Senedd and also represents the Senedd on the European Committee of the Regions ( CoR ) where she is a member of the Bureau ( executive ) of the Committee . Presiding Officer and Deputy Presiding Officer . On 9 May 2007 , Butler was picked as the Labour groups nominee for Dirprwy Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru , a position vacant by the defeat of the previous holder and which had to be held by a member from a different party to the Llywydd . Her election by the whole of the Senedd was not opposed . Butler was appointed the second Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru on 11 May 2011 , following Dafydd Elis-Thomas . Butler was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the 2014 New Year Honours for political and public services , particularly to women . Women in Public Life Campaign #POWiPL . In 2012 Rosemary Butler AM launched a campaign to address the need for more women to apply for and take up public roles and appointments . Her Women in Public Life campaign ( POWiPL ) aims to ensure that women are fairly represented at all levels of public life in Wales . During the campaign , Rosemary has hosted many high-profile influential speakers at the Senedd , most notably former Prime Minister of Australia , Julia Gillard to talk about gender equality and encourage women to put themselves forward for public appointments . She also launched a website ; Women in Public Life Portal to enable women in Wales to search for public appointments . In October 2014 , Rosemary launched a mentoring and development scheme for women who wanted to gain experience in public life and undergo training to help prepare them for decision making roles over a period of 18 months . The scheme is delivered by Chwarae Teg and Cardiff Business School on behalf of the Senedd Cymru . Personal interests . - Honorary Fellow of the University of Wales , Newport - Co-founder and Chair of the Newport International Competition for Young Pianists - An Honorary Citizen of Newports twin town Kutaisi ( Republic of Georgia ) , and founding member of the Newport-Kutaisi Twinning Association - President of the Friends of Newport Transporter Bridge - President of the Wales Home Safety Council - President of Newport Harriers Athletic Club - Honorary Life Member of Newport Sports Council - Life Member of Newport Cricket Club - Founder member of the Friends of Tredegar House - Ambassador for Girl Guiding - Founder member of Newport Womens Aid - Member of Womens International League of Peace and Freedom - Patron of Caerleon Arts Festival - Chairwoman , Newport Womens Forum - Chairwoman , Live Music Now Wales References . - BBC profile - Personal website - Carwyn Jones reappointed as Wales first ministe

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Which position did Rosemary Butler (politician) hold from May 2011 to Apr 2016?

/wiki/Rosemary_Butler_(politician)#P39#5

Rosemary Butler ( politician ) Dame Rosemary Janet Mair Butler ( née McGrath ; born 21 January 1943 ) is a British politician who was Labour Member of the Senedd for Newport West from 1999 to 2016 . Serving briefly as Secretary for Education in the first two years of the Welsh Government , she was elected Dirprwy Lywydd of the Senedd in May 2007 . In May 2011 , Butler was elected as the Llywydd of the Senedd . She did not stand for election to the Senedd in the 2016 elections . Family . Rosemary Janet Mair McGrath was born in Much Wenlock , Shropshire . Her family moved to the Rhymney Valley soon after . As a teenager she moved to Newport with her parents ( Godfrey and Gwen McGrath ) and brother John ; there she attended St Julians High School . In the early 1960s she met her husband Derek Butler , whom she married in 1966 . He was a lecturer in art and design at Newport Art college , which was at the time based in Clarence Place . They have two daughters , Kate ( born 1968-2013 ) and Alice ( born 1970 ) Local politics . In 1971 Butler joined the Labour Party . She was elected to Newport Borough Council from Caerleon ward in 1973 , and played an important part in Labour administrations on the council as Deputy Leader and Mayor of Newport in 1989–90 . She was Chair of the Leisure Services Committee for 12 years . National Assembly . At the first Senedd election in 1999 , Butler was selected as Labour candidate for Newport West which she won . She was appointed Secretary for Education : Minister for Children and Young People ( up to 16 ) by Alun Michael but held office only for a year , leaving in October 2000 when the new First Minister , Rhodri Morgan , formed a coalition government . She was Chair of the Senedds Culture , Welsh Language and Sport Committee and served on the Panel of Chairs . She led the British Council activities in the Senedd and also represents the Senedd on the European Committee of the Regions ( CoR ) where she is a member of the Bureau ( executive ) of the Committee . Presiding Officer and Deputy Presiding Officer . On 9 May 2007 , Butler was picked as the Labour groups nominee for Dirprwy Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru , a position vacant by the defeat of the previous holder and which had to be held by a member from a different party to the Llywydd . Her election by the whole of the Senedd was not opposed . Butler was appointed the second Llywydd of the Senedd Cymru on 11 May 2011 , following Dafydd Elis-Thomas . Butler was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the 2014 New Year Honours for political and public services , particularly to women . Women in Public Life Campaign #POWiPL . In 2012 Rosemary Butler AM launched a campaign to address the need for more women to apply for and take up public roles and appointments . Her Women in Public Life campaign ( POWiPL ) aims to ensure that women are fairly represented at all levels of public life in Wales . During the campaign , Rosemary has hosted many high-profile influential speakers at the Senedd , most notably former Prime Minister of Australia , Julia Gillard to talk about gender equality and encourage women to put themselves forward for public appointments . She also launched a website ; Women in Public Life Portal to enable women in Wales to search for public appointments . In October 2014 , Rosemary launched a mentoring and development scheme for women who wanted to gain experience in public life and undergo training to help prepare them for decision making roles over a period of 18 months . The scheme is delivered by Chwarae Teg and Cardiff Business School on behalf of the Senedd Cymru . Personal interests . - Honorary Fellow of the University of Wales , Newport - Co-founder and Chair of the Newport International Competition for Young Pianists - An Honorary Citizen of Newports twin town Kutaisi ( Republic of Georgia ) , and founding member of the Newport-Kutaisi Twinning Association - President of the Friends of Newport Transporter Bridge - President of the Wales Home Safety Council - President of Newport Harriers Athletic Club - Honorary Life Member of Newport Sports Council - Life Member of Newport Cricket Club - Founder member of the Friends of Tredegar House - Ambassador for Girl Guiding - Founder member of Newport Womens Aid - Member of Womens International League of Peace and Freedom - Patron of Caerleon Arts Festival - Chairwoman , Newport Womens Forum - Chairwoman , Live Music Now Wales References . - BBC profile - Personal website - Carwyn Jones reappointed as Wales first ministe

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Which team did Lee Dixon play for from 1982 to 1984?

/wiki/Lee_Dixon#P54#0

Lee Dixon Lee Michael Dixon ( born 17 March 1964 ) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a right-back for Arsenal , Burnley , Bury , Chester City and Stoke City . Dixon was also capped 22 times for England , scoring once . A childhood Manchester City fan , Dixon began his footballing career as a youth at Burnley , making his professional debut for them in 1982 . From there he played for Chester City and Bury before joining Stoke City in 1986 for a fee of £50,000 . He instantly impressed at Stoke and forged a fine defensive partnership with Steve Bould . The pairs potential and performances attracted the attention of Arsenal and in January 1988 they both joined the Gunners for a combined fee of £765,000 . The following season , as Dixon cemented his place in the team , Arsenal won their first league title in eighteen years in a dramatic final game of the season . A defensive mainstay in a successful Arsenal team until his retirement in 2002 , Dixons tenure at Arsenal saw him collect four league championship medals , three FA Cup winners medals and a UEFA Cup Winners Cup medal . He was named in the PFA Team of the Year twice , for the seasons 1989–90 and 1990–91 . His retirement came at the end of Arsenals domestic double-winning 2001–02 season , their second in his time at the club . At the time of his retirement , he had played at 91 out of the 92 Football League grounds – every one except Fulhams Craven Cottage . Since his playing retirement , Dixon has worked as a football pundit and columnist . He began his television career working for the BBC , primarily on their Match of the Day and Football Focus programmes , then moved to ITV Sport in July 2012 . Starting in 2013 , he provides commentary alongside Arlo White for NBCs Premier League coverage in the USA . He has also done charitable work , joining Lawrence Dallaglio in a sponsored bike ride for Sport Relief which raised over £986,000 for the charity . Club career . Early career . Born in Manchester , son of former Manchester City goalkeeper Roy Dixon , Lee was a boyhood Manchester City supporter . He began his professional playing career in the lower divisions . On leaving school in 1980 , he joined Burnley as an apprentice in 1980 , turning professional in 1982 , then signed for Chester City ( where he experienced finishing bottom of the whole Football League in 1983–84 ) , Bury and later Stoke City . At the Victoria Ground Dixon made a fine impression with some fine performances from right back as he played in 50 matches in 1986–87 scoring three goals . In 1987–88 Dixon made 38 appearances scoring twice . He joined First Division Arsenal in January 1988 for a fee of £375,000 and was later joined at Highbury by Stoke teammate Steve Bould . Arsenal . Dixon was signed by Arsenal boss George Graham in January 1988 following the departure of England right back , Viv Anderson , to Manchester United . This was the first time that Dixon had played in the First Division . It took a while for Dixon to be given a first team role at Highbury . With England international Kenny Sansom at left back , the equally left-sided Nigel Winterburn had been a guarded success in the unfamiliar right back role , though Dixon did make his debut against Luton Town in February 1988 and played six times in total before the season ended . Dixon was cup-tied in his first season which limited his appearances , and also meant he was unable to take part in the 1988 League Cup Final . In the new season , Winterburn moved across to left back , allowing Dixon to take over the No.2 shirt , which he duly did for well over ten years . Displaced Sansom left Arsenal the following winter . Dixon later wrote in his column in The Independent of the defence that he played in at Arsenal , I was fortunate to play in an Arsenal back line that earned itself a reputation as being OK . Im not trying to be overly modest in saying that , as individuals , we werent the best players in the world . But certainly all my weaknesses were compensated for by Tony Adams , Nigel Winterburn , Martin Keown and Steve Bould , and vice versa . If one of us wasnt playing well , the others picked up the slack . Dixon and Winterburn made the full back positions their own for the next decade or so , while captain Tony Adams and the long-serving David OLeary operated in the middle . Later in 1988 they were joined by Steve Bould who , like Dixon before him , had been spotted by Graham playing for Stoke City . These five defenders , often playing as a back five together ( rather than the conventional back four ) were the linchpin of an Arsenal side who became serious challengers for the First Division title the 1988–89 season , an honour which they had not won since 1971 but had looked more and more like winning since Grahams appointment as Arsenal manager in May 1986 . Dixon was a marauding right back , ever willing to support his winger David Rocastle and his attacking skills were still noted even though his main job ( and the main priority of the side as a whole ) was to defend . He also had a short spell during this period as the clubs penalty taker . Arsenal took the chase for the League championship to the last day of the season when they faced Liverpool at Anfield . With Arsenal needing to win by two goals , the game stood at 1–0 as the clock showed the 90 minutes were up . Dixon received a ball in his own half and looked to mount a final attack . Spotting the run of centre forward Alan Smith towards the right channel , Dixon delivered a long ball on to his chest . Smiths run had forced a Liverpool defender across with him and Arsenal midfielder Michael Thomas made a charge into the gap , took Smiths sideways pass in his stride and slipped the ball past Bruce Grobbelaar . There was barely time for Liverpool to restart and Arsenal took the title , the first of many honours Dixon would win . Arsenal struggled to hold on to the title the following year ( and were unable to take part in the European Cup because the ban on English clubs after Heysel was still ongoing ) . In the 1990–91 season , Arsenals defence ( now with David Seaman playing behind them in goal ) grew even meaner , with just one defeat all season as they won the League championship again . After the 1992 summer , a fit-again Dixon was also defending the League title within the familiar Arsenal defence . With OLearys retirement imminent , Graham had provided extra cover in the centre of defence by signing Martin Keown from Everton – ironically the player whod ended up playing at right back in Euro 92 after both Dixon and Stevens became unavailable . OLeary ended up in Dixons place at right back for the 1993 League Cup final against Sheffield Wednesday – Dixon was suspended , having been sent off in Arsenals FA Cup semi-final victory over Spurs . Arsenal won 2–1 . Dixon was back when the sides met again for the FA Cup final which Arsenal won by the same scoreline in a replay , after the initial game had ended in a 1–1 draw . In 1994 , Dixon won a European medal to complement his domestic collection as Dixon , Winterburn , Bould and Adams suppressed the efforts of Tomas Brolin , Gianfranco Zola and Faustino Asprilla of Italian side Parma . Arsenal scored an early goal in the European Cup Winners Cup final in Copenhagen and this was enough , winning 1–0 . Dixon was again in his No.2 shirt as Arsenal slumped domestically in 1995 but reached the final of the Cup Winners Cup again . Though the defence in Paris was breached by Real Zaragoza , Arsenal equalised and took the game to extra time . A lob from 40 yards in the final minute from Nayim ( an ex-Spurs player ) over David Seaman prised the trophy from the Gunners . On 1 October 1996 Arsène Wenger arrived at Highbury and started to introduce lifestyle policies to the Arsenal squad , changing their outlook , self-awareness and diet . Wenger later admitted that he expected to replace each defender he inherited fairly quickly , but just as quickly realised he didnt need to . Dixon and his defensive colleagues recognised Wenger for giving them extra years at the helm of the game . Arsenal won the second double of the clubs history in 1998 and Dixon received a testimonial the following year as he entered his tenth full season at Arsenal . Dixon played in a UEFA Cup campaign in 2000 which saw Arsenal reach the final in the same Copenhagen stadium where they had won the Cup Winners Cup six years earlier . This time they were beaten on penalties by Galatasaray of Turkey . Earlier in that season he had missed a penalty in a shootout as Arsenal crashed out of the 1999/2000 FA Cup to Leicester City . The following year Arsenal reached the FA Cup final but lost 2–1 to Liverpool at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff – the 37-year-old Dixon being outpaced by the 21-year-old Michael Owen for the winning goal . Dixon played on for one more season helping Arsenal to win another historic double , the third in the clubs history and second under manager Arsène Wenger , clinching the league title over rivals Manchester United at their home ground Old Trafford . This made him one of the few men to have won league titles in three different decades ( 1980s , 1990s and 2000s ) . Dixon retired from playing after winning that double in 2002 at the age of 38 , with Adams quitting at the same time . Only Seaman and Keown then remained at the club from the defensive group Dixon had become associated with at Arsenal ( after OLearys retirement in 1993 , Bould had been the next to go in 1999 and then Winterburn followed him out of Highbury a year later ) . Dixon made 458 appearances in the League , scoring 25 goals . International career . Dixon made his England début in April 1990 in a World Cup warm-up game against Czechoslovakia . He played well , but there was little hope of him being in the squad for the tournament as he was at least third in the pecking order behind Gary Stevens and Paul Parker . Only injury to one of these two would have opened a door for Dixon to go to Italy and that didnt happen as the pair stayed fully fit for the length of the tournament . After the World Cup , new manager Graham Taylor instantly replaced Stevens and Parker with Dixon , who scored a goal at Wembley in his sixth international in an important Euro 92 qualifier against the Republic of Ireland . The game ended 1–1 . By the end of 1991 , Dixon had played in eleven internationals , including all of the Euro 92 qualifiers , through which England qualified for the finals in Sweden . As the finals approached , Dixon suffered an injury , allowing Stevens a route back into the side as the deadline for squad announcement approached . Taylor duly named Dixon instead of Stevens in his provisional squad , but ultimately neither went to the tournament . Dixon pulled out through an injury suffered in an accident at home so Stevens was recalled , only for the Rangers full back also to withdraw through injury . England ended up with no recognised right back in their squad and didnt get past the group stages . 1993 did not go well internationally , with England failing to qualify for the 1994 World Cup in the United States . Dixons 21st cap , in a 7–1 win over San Marino in the final qualifier ( a result which was immaterial ) seemed to be his last as Taylors successors Terry Venables and Glenn Hoddle did not select Dixon . In late January 1999 , caretaker England manager Howard Wilkinson recalled Dixon to the England squad more than five years after his last appearance , and he took to the field on 10 February in a 2–0 defeat by France . His international career ended with 22 caps in total but he did not play in a major tournament . After football . In retirement , Dixon has concentrated on several business interests including the Riverside Brasserie in Bray , Berkshire , originally with his friend Heston Blumenthal . He also worked as a regular pundit for the BBC on Match of the Day 2 as well as appearing on Score , and Football Focus before leaving the BBC to join ITV Sport in July 2012 . At ITV he teamed up with pundit and former player Roy Keane . In 2010 , he became completely hooked on cycling , and goes riding two or three times a week , after Lawrence Dallaglio persuaded him to take part in the Dallaglio Cycle Slam during the Six Nations Championship in February that year , raising money for Sport Relief . They raised over £986,000 for the charity . From 2013 , he has been the co-lead commentator with Graeme Le Saux for the Premier League on NBC Sports , working alongside Arlo White . He has also contributed to the networks Premier League Download program . In 2018 , he co-commentated UEFA Champions League matches in the video game by EA Sports , FIFA 19 alongside Derek Rae . This partnership continued in the 2019 game , FIFA 20 with inclusion of him also commentating some default games ( kick off , tournament , career and Ultimate Team modes ) alongside Derek Rae once again as well in FIFA 21 . Honours . Arsenal - Football League First Division : 1988–89 , 1990–91 - Premier League : 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Cup : 1992–93 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Charity Shield : 1991 ( shared ) , 1998 , 1999 - European Cup Winners Cup : 1993–94 External links . - Burnley career stats

easy

Lee Dixon played for which team from 1984 to 1985?

/wiki/Lee_Dixon#P54#1

Lee Dixon Lee Michael Dixon ( born 17 March 1964 ) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a right-back for Arsenal , Burnley , Bury , Chester City and Stoke City . Dixon was also capped 22 times for England , scoring once . A childhood Manchester City fan , Dixon began his footballing career as a youth at Burnley , making his professional debut for them in 1982 . From there he played for Chester City and Bury before joining Stoke City in 1986 for a fee of £50,000 . He instantly impressed at Stoke and forged a fine defensive partnership with Steve Bould . The pairs potential and performances attracted the attention of Arsenal and in January 1988 they both joined the Gunners for a combined fee of £765,000 . The following season , as Dixon cemented his place in the team , Arsenal won their first league title in eighteen years in a dramatic final game of the season . A defensive mainstay in a successful Arsenal team until his retirement in 2002 , Dixons tenure at Arsenal saw him collect four league championship medals , three FA Cup winners medals and a UEFA Cup Winners Cup medal . He was named in the PFA Team of the Year twice , for the seasons 1989–90 and 1990–91 . His retirement came at the end of Arsenals domestic double-winning 2001–02 season , their second in his time at the club . At the time of his retirement , he had played at 91 out of the 92 Football League grounds – every one except Fulhams Craven Cottage . Since his playing retirement , Dixon has worked as a football pundit and columnist . He began his television career working for the BBC , primarily on their Match of the Day and Football Focus programmes , then moved to ITV Sport in July 2012 . Starting in 2013 , he provides commentary alongside Arlo White for NBCs Premier League coverage in the USA . He has also done charitable work , joining Lawrence Dallaglio in a sponsored bike ride for Sport Relief which raised over £986,000 for the charity . Club career . Early career . Born in Manchester , son of former Manchester City goalkeeper Roy Dixon , Lee was a boyhood Manchester City supporter . He began his professional playing career in the lower divisions . On leaving school in 1980 , he joined Burnley as an apprentice in 1980 , turning professional in 1982 , then signed for Chester City ( where he experienced finishing bottom of the whole Football League in 1983–84 ) , Bury and later Stoke City . At the Victoria Ground Dixon made a fine impression with some fine performances from right back as he played in 50 matches in 1986–87 scoring three goals . In 1987–88 Dixon made 38 appearances scoring twice . He joined First Division Arsenal in January 1988 for a fee of £375,000 and was later joined at Highbury by Stoke teammate Steve Bould . Arsenal . Dixon was signed by Arsenal boss George Graham in January 1988 following the departure of England right back , Viv Anderson , to Manchester United . This was the first time that Dixon had played in the First Division . It took a while for Dixon to be given a first team role at Highbury . With England international Kenny Sansom at left back , the equally left-sided Nigel Winterburn had been a guarded success in the unfamiliar right back role , though Dixon did make his debut against Luton Town in February 1988 and played six times in total before the season ended . Dixon was cup-tied in his first season which limited his appearances , and also meant he was unable to take part in the 1988 League Cup Final . In the new season , Winterburn moved across to left back , allowing Dixon to take over the No.2 shirt , which he duly did for well over ten years . Displaced Sansom left Arsenal the following winter . Dixon later wrote in his column in The Independent of the defence that he played in at Arsenal , I was fortunate to play in an Arsenal back line that earned itself a reputation as being OK . Im not trying to be overly modest in saying that , as individuals , we werent the best players in the world . But certainly all my weaknesses were compensated for by Tony Adams , Nigel Winterburn , Martin Keown and Steve Bould , and vice versa . If one of us wasnt playing well , the others picked up the slack . Dixon and Winterburn made the full back positions their own for the next decade or so , while captain Tony Adams and the long-serving David OLeary operated in the middle . Later in 1988 they were joined by Steve Bould who , like Dixon before him , had been spotted by Graham playing for Stoke City . These five defenders , often playing as a back five together ( rather than the conventional back four ) were the linchpin of an Arsenal side who became serious challengers for the First Division title the 1988–89 season , an honour which they had not won since 1971 but had looked more and more like winning since Grahams appointment as Arsenal manager in May 1986 . Dixon was a marauding right back , ever willing to support his winger David Rocastle and his attacking skills were still noted even though his main job ( and the main priority of the side as a whole ) was to defend . He also had a short spell during this period as the clubs penalty taker . Arsenal took the chase for the League championship to the last day of the season when they faced Liverpool at Anfield . With Arsenal needing to win by two goals , the game stood at 1–0 as the clock showed the 90 minutes were up . Dixon received a ball in his own half and looked to mount a final attack . Spotting the run of centre forward Alan Smith towards the right channel , Dixon delivered a long ball on to his chest . Smiths run had forced a Liverpool defender across with him and Arsenal midfielder Michael Thomas made a charge into the gap , took Smiths sideways pass in his stride and slipped the ball past Bruce Grobbelaar . There was barely time for Liverpool to restart and Arsenal took the title , the first of many honours Dixon would win . Arsenal struggled to hold on to the title the following year ( and were unable to take part in the European Cup because the ban on English clubs after Heysel was still ongoing ) . In the 1990–91 season , Arsenals defence ( now with David Seaman playing behind them in goal ) grew even meaner , with just one defeat all season as they won the League championship again . After the 1992 summer , a fit-again Dixon was also defending the League title within the familiar Arsenal defence . With OLearys retirement imminent , Graham had provided extra cover in the centre of defence by signing Martin Keown from Everton – ironically the player whod ended up playing at right back in Euro 92 after both Dixon and Stevens became unavailable . OLeary ended up in Dixons place at right back for the 1993 League Cup final against Sheffield Wednesday – Dixon was suspended , having been sent off in Arsenals FA Cup semi-final victory over Spurs . Arsenal won 2–1 . Dixon was back when the sides met again for the FA Cup final which Arsenal won by the same scoreline in a replay , after the initial game had ended in a 1–1 draw . In 1994 , Dixon won a European medal to complement his domestic collection as Dixon , Winterburn , Bould and Adams suppressed the efforts of Tomas Brolin , Gianfranco Zola and Faustino Asprilla of Italian side Parma . Arsenal scored an early goal in the European Cup Winners Cup final in Copenhagen and this was enough , winning 1–0 . Dixon was again in his No.2 shirt as Arsenal slumped domestically in 1995 but reached the final of the Cup Winners Cup again . Though the defence in Paris was breached by Real Zaragoza , Arsenal equalised and took the game to extra time . A lob from 40 yards in the final minute from Nayim ( an ex-Spurs player ) over David Seaman prised the trophy from the Gunners . On 1 October 1996 Arsène Wenger arrived at Highbury and started to introduce lifestyle policies to the Arsenal squad , changing their outlook , self-awareness and diet . Wenger later admitted that he expected to replace each defender he inherited fairly quickly , but just as quickly realised he didnt need to . Dixon and his defensive colleagues recognised Wenger for giving them extra years at the helm of the game . Arsenal won the second double of the clubs history in 1998 and Dixon received a testimonial the following year as he entered his tenth full season at Arsenal . Dixon played in a UEFA Cup campaign in 2000 which saw Arsenal reach the final in the same Copenhagen stadium where they had won the Cup Winners Cup six years earlier . This time they were beaten on penalties by Galatasaray of Turkey . Earlier in that season he had missed a penalty in a shootout as Arsenal crashed out of the 1999/2000 FA Cup to Leicester City . The following year Arsenal reached the FA Cup final but lost 2–1 to Liverpool at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff – the 37-year-old Dixon being outpaced by the 21-year-old Michael Owen for the winning goal . Dixon played on for one more season helping Arsenal to win another historic double , the third in the clubs history and second under manager Arsène Wenger , clinching the league title over rivals Manchester United at their home ground Old Trafford . This made him one of the few men to have won league titles in three different decades ( 1980s , 1990s and 2000s ) . Dixon retired from playing after winning that double in 2002 at the age of 38 , with Adams quitting at the same time . Only Seaman and Keown then remained at the club from the defensive group Dixon had become associated with at Arsenal ( after OLearys retirement in 1993 , Bould had been the next to go in 1999 and then Winterburn followed him out of Highbury a year later ) . Dixon made 458 appearances in the League , scoring 25 goals . International career . Dixon made his England début in April 1990 in a World Cup warm-up game against Czechoslovakia . He played well , but there was little hope of him being in the squad for the tournament as he was at least third in the pecking order behind Gary Stevens and Paul Parker . Only injury to one of these two would have opened a door for Dixon to go to Italy and that didnt happen as the pair stayed fully fit for the length of the tournament . After the World Cup , new manager Graham Taylor instantly replaced Stevens and Parker with Dixon , who scored a goal at Wembley in his sixth international in an important Euro 92 qualifier against the Republic of Ireland . The game ended 1–1 . By the end of 1991 , Dixon had played in eleven internationals , including all of the Euro 92 qualifiers , through which England qualified for the finals in Sweden . As the finals approached , Dixon suffered an injury , allowing Stevens a route back into the side as the deadline for squad announcement approached . Taylor duly named Dixon instead of Stevens in his provisional squad , but ultimately neither went to the tournament . Dixon pulled out through an injury suffered in an accident at home so Stevens was recalled , only for the Rangers full back also to withdraw through injury . England ended up with no recognised right back in their squad and didnt get past the group stages . 1993 did not go well internationally , with England failing to qualify for the 1994 World Cup in the United States . Dixons 21st cap , in a 7–1 win over San Marino in the final qualifier ( a result which was immaterial ) seemed to be his last as Taylors successors Terry Venables and Glenn Hoddle did not select Dixon . In late January 1999 , caretaker England manager Howard Wilkinson recalled Dixon to the England squad more than five years after his last appearance , and he took to the field on 10 February in a 2–0 defeat by France . His international career ended with 22 caps in total but he did not play in a major tournament . After football . In retirement , Dixon has concentrated on several business interests including the Riverside Brasserie in Bray , Berkshire , originally with his friend Heston Blumenthal . He also worked as a regular pundit for the BBC on Match of the Day 2 as well as appearing on Score , and Football Focus before leaving the BBC to join ITV Sport in July 2012 . At ITV he teamed up with pundit and former player Roy Keane . In 2010 , he became completely hooked on cycling , and goes riding two or three times a week , after Lawrence Dallaglio persuaded him to take part in the Dallaglio Cycle Slam during the Six Nations Championship in February that year , raising money for Sport Relief . They raised over £986,000 for the charity . From 2013 , he has been the co-lead commentator with Graeme Le Saux for the Premier League on NBC Sports , working alongside Arlo White . He has also contributed to the networks Premier League Download program . In 2018 , he co-commentated UEFA Champions League matches in the video game by EA Sports , FIFA 19 alongside Derek Rae . This partnership continued in the 2019 game , FIFA 20 with inclusion of him also commentating some default games ( kick off , tournament , career and Ultimate Team modes ) alongside Derek Rae once again as well in FIFA 21 . Honours . Arsenal - Football League First Division : 1988–89 , 1990–91 - Premier League : 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Cup : 1992–93 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Charity Shield : 1991 ( shared ) , 1998 , 1999 - European Cup Winners Cup : 1993–94 External links . - Burnley career stats

easy

Which team did the player Lee Dixon belong to from 1985 to 1986?

/wiki/Lee_Dixon#P54#2

Lee Dixon Lee Michael Dixon ( born 17 March 1964 ) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a right-back for Arsenal , Burnley , Bury , Chester City and Stoke City . Dixon was also capped 22 times for England , scoring once . A childhood Manchester City fan , Dixon began his footballing career as a youth at Burnley , making his professional debut for them in 1982 . From there he played for Chester City and Bury before joining Stoke City in 1986 for a fee of £50,000 . He instantly impressed at Stoke and forged a fine defensive partnership with Steve Bould . The pairs potential and performances attracted the attention of Arsenal and in January 1988 they both joined the Gunners for a combined fee of £765,000 . The following season , as Dixon cemented his place in the team , Arsenal won their first league title in eighteen years in a dramatic final game of the season . A defensive mainstay in a successful Arsenal team until his retirement in 2002 , Dixons tenure at Arsenal saw him collect four league championship medals , three FA Cup winners medals and a UEFA Cup Winners Cup medal . He was named in the PFA Team of the Year twice , for the seasons 1989–90 and 1990–91 . His retirement came at the end of Arsenals domestic double-winning 2001–02 season , their second in his time at the club . At the time of his retirement , he had played at 91 out of the 92 Football League grounds – every one except Fulhams Craven Cottage . Since his playing retirement , Dixon has worked as a football pundit and columnist . He began his television career working for the BBC , primarily on their Match of the Day and Football Focus programmes , then moved to ITV Sport in July 2012 . Starting in 2013 , he provides commentary alongside Arlo White for NBCs Premier League coverage in the USA . He has also done charitable work , joining Lawrence Dallaglio in a sponsored bike ride for Sport Relief which raised over £986,000 for the charity . Club career . Early career . Born in Manchester , son of former Manchester City goalkeeper Roy Dixon , Lee was a boyhood Manchester City supporter . He began his professional playing career in the lower divisions . On leaving school in 1980 , he joined Burnley as an apprentice in 1980 , turning professional in 1982 , then signed for Chester City ( where he experienced finishing bottom of the whole Football League in 1983–84 ) , Bury and later Stoke City . At the Victoria Ground Dixon made a fine impression with some fine performances from right back as he played in 50 matches in 1986–87 scoring three goals . In 1987–88 Dixon made 38 appearances scoring twice . He joined First Division Arsenal in January 1988 for a fee of £375,000 and was later joined at Highbury by Stoke teammate Steve Bould . Arsenal . Dixon was signed by Arsenal boss George Graham in January 1988 following the departure of England right back , Viv Anderson , to Manchester United . This was the first time that Dixon had played in the First Division . It took a while for Dixon to be given a first team role at Highbury . With England international Kenny Sansom at left back , the equally left-sided Nigel Winterburn had been a guarded success in the unfamiliar right back role , though Dixon did make his debut against Luton Town in February 1988 and played six times in total before the season ended . Dixon was cup-tied in his first season which limited his appearances , and also meant he was unable to take part in the 1988 League Cup Final . In the new season , Winterburn moved across to left back , allowing Dixon to take over the No.2 shirt , which he duly did for well over ten years . Displaced Sansom left Arsenal the following winter . Dixon later wrote in his column in The Independent of the defence that he played in at Arsenal , I was fortunate to play in an Arsenal back line that earned itself a reputation as being OK . Im not trying to be overly modest in saying that , as individuals , we werent the best players in the world . But certainly all my weaknesses were compensated for by Tony Adams , Nigel Winterburn , Martin Keown and Steve Bould , and vice versa . If one of us wasnt playing well , the others picked up the slack . Dixon and Winterburn made the full back positions their own for the next decade or so , while captain Tony Adams and the long-serving David OLeary operated in the middle . Later in 1988 they were joined by Steve Bould who , like Dixon before him , had been spotted by Graham playing for Stoke City . These five defenders , often playing as a back five together ( rather than the conventional back four ) were the linchpin of an Arsenal side who became serious challengers for the First Division title the 1988–89 season , an honour which they had not won since 1971 but had looked more and more like winning since Grahams appointment as Arsenal manager in May 1986 . Dixon was a marauding right back , ever willing to support his winger David Rocastle and his attacking skills were still noted even though his main job ( and the main priority of the side as a whole ) was to defend . He also had a short spell during this period as the clubs penalty taker . Arsenal took the chase for the League championship to the last day of the season when they faced Liverpool at Anfield . With Arsenal needing to win by two goals , the game stood at 1–0 as the clock showed the 90 minutes were up . Dixon received a ball in his own half and looked to mount a final attack . Spotting the run of centre forward Alan Smith towards the right channel , Dixon delivered a long ball on to his chest . Smiths run had forced a Liverpool defender across with him and Arsenal midfielder Michael Thomas made a charge into the gap , took Smiths sideways pass in his stride and slipped the ball past Bruce Grobbelaar . There was barely time for Liverpool to restart and Arsenal took the title , the first of many honours Dixon would win . Arsenal struggled to hold on to the title the following year ( and were unable to take part in the European Cup because the ban on English clubs after Heysel was still ongoing ) . In the 1990–91 season , Arsenals defence ( now with David Seaman playing behind them in goal ) grew even meaner , with just one defeat all season as they won the League championship again . After the 1992 summer , a fit-again Dixon was also defending the League title within the familiar Arsenal defence . With OLearys retirement imminent , Graham had provided extra cover in the centre of defence by signing Martin Keown from Everton – ironically the player whod ended up playing at right back in Euro 92 after both Dixon and Stevens became unavailable . OLeary ended up in Dixons place at right back for the 1993 League Cup final against Sheffield Wednesday – Dixon was suspended , having been sent off in Arsenals FA Cup semi-final victory over Spurs . Arsenal won 2–1 . Dixon was back when the sides met again for the FA Cup final which Arsenal won by the same scoreline in a replay , after the initial game had ended in a 1–1 draw . In 1994 , Dixon won a European medal to complement his domestic collection as Dixon , Winterburn , Bould and Adams suppressed the efforts of Tomas Brolin , Gianfranco Zola and Faustino Asprilla of Italian side Parma . Arsenal scored an early goal in the European Cup Winners Cup final in Copenhagen and this was enough , winning 1–0 . Dixon was again in his No.2 shirt as Arsenal slumped domestically in 1995 but reached the final of the Cup Winners Cup again . Though the defence in Paris was breached by Real Zaragoza , Arsenal equalised and took the game to extra time . A lob from 40 yards in the final minute from Nayim ( an ex-Spurs player ) over David Seaman prised the trophy from the Gunners . On 1 October 1996 Arsène Wenger arrived at Highbury and started to introduce lifestyle policies to the Arsenal squad , changing their outlook , self-awareness and diet . Wenger later admitted that he expected to replace each defender he inherited fairly quickly , but just as quickly realised he didnt need to . Dixon and his defensive colleagues recognised Wenger for giving them extra years at the helm of the game . Arsenal won the second double of the clubs history in 1998 and Dixon received a testimonial the following year as he entered his tenth full season at Arsenal . Dixon played in a UEFA Cup campaign in 2000 which saw Arsenal reach the final in the same Copenhagen stadium where they had won the Cup Winners Cup six years earlier . This time they were beaten on penalties by Galatasaray of Turkey . Earlier in that season he had missed a penalty in a shootout as Arsenal crashed out of the 1999/2000 FA Cup to Leicester City . The following year Arsenal reached the FA Cup final but lost 2–1 to Liverpool at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff – the 37-year-old Dixon being outpaced by the 21-year-old Michael Owen for the winning goal . Dixon played on for one more season helping Arsenal to win another historic double , the third in the clubs history and second under manager Arsène Wenger , clinching the league title over rivals Manchester United at their home ground Old Trafford . This made him one of the few men to have won league titles in three different decades ( 1980s , 1990s and 2000s ) . Dixon retired from playing after winning that double in 2002 at the age of 38 , with Adams quitting at the same time . Only Seaman and Keown then remained at the club from the defensive group Dixon had become associated with at Arsenal ( after OLearys retirement in 1993 , Bould had been the next to go in 1999 and then Winterburn followed him out of Highbury a year later ) . Dixon made 458 appearances in the League , scoring 25 goals . International career . Dixon made his England début in April 1990 in a World Cup warm-up game against Czechoslovakia . He played well , but there was little hope of him being in the squad for the tournament as he was at least third in the pecking order behind Gary Stevens and Paul Parker . Only injury to one of these two would have opened a door for Dixon to go to Italy and that didnt happen as the pair stayed fully fit for the length of the tournament . After the World Cup , new manager Graham Taylor instantly replaced Stevens and Parker with Dixon , who scored a goal at Wembley in his sixth international in an important Euro 92 qualifier against the Republic of Ireland . The game ended 1–1 . By the end of 1991 , Dixon had played in eleven internationals , including all of the Euro 92 qualifiers , through which England qualified for the finals in Sweden . As the finals approached , Dixon suffered an injury , allowing Stevens a route back into the side as the deadline for squad announcement approached . Taylor duly named Dixon instead of Stevens in his provisional squad , but ultimately neither went to the tournament . Dixon pulled out through an injury suffered in an accident at home so Stevens was recalled , only for the Rangers full back also to withdraw through injury . England ended up with no recognised right back in their squad and didnt get past the group stages . 1993 did not go well internationally , with England failing to qualify for the 1994 World Cup in the United States . Dixons 21st cap , in a 7–1 win over San Marino in the final qualifier ( a result which was immaterial ) seemed to be his last as Taylors successors Terry Venables and Glenn Hoddle did not select Dixon . In late January 1999 , caretaker England manager Howard Wilkinson recalled Dixon to the England squad more than five years after his last appearance , and he took to the field on 10 February in a 2–0 defeat by France . His international career ended with 22 caps in total but he did not play in a major tournament . After football . In retirement , Dixon has concentrated on several business interests including the Riverside Brasserie in Bray , Berkshire , originally with his friend Heston Blumenthal . He also worked as a regular pundit for the BBC on Match of the Day 2 as well as appearing on Score , and Football Focus before leaving the BBC to join ITV Sport in July 2012 . At ITV he teamed up with pundit and former player Roy Keane . In 2010 , he became completely hooked on cycling , and goes riding two or three times a week , after Lawrence Dallaglio persuaded him to take part in the Dallaglio Cycle Slam during the Six Nations Championship in February that year , raising money for Sport Relief . They raised over £986,000 for the charity . From 2013 , he has been the co-lead commentator with Graeme Le Saux for the Premier League on NBC Sports , working alongside Arlo White . He has also contributed to the networks Premier League Download program . In 2018 , he co-commentated UEFA Champions League matches in the video game by EA Sports , FIFA 19 alongside Derek Rae . This partnership continued in the 2019 game , FIFA 20 with inclusion of him also commentating some default games ( kick off , tournament , career and Ultimate Team modes ) alongside Derek Rae once again as well in FIFA 21 . Honours . Arsenal - Football League First Division : 1988–89 , 1990–91 - Premier League : 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Cup : 1992–93 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Charity Shield : 1991 ( shared ) , 1998 , 1999 - European Cup Winners Cup : 1993–94 External links . - Burnley career stats

easy

Lee Dixon played for which team from 1986 to 1988?

/wiki/Lee_Dixon#P54#3

Lee Dixon Lee Michael Dixon ( born 17 March 1964 ) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a right-back for Arsenal , Burnley , Bury , Chester City and Stoke City . Dixon was also capped 22 times for England , scoring once . A childhood Manchester City fan , Dixon began his footballing career as a youth at Burnley , making his professional debut for them in 1982 . From there he played for Chester City and Bury before joining Stoke City in 1986 for a fee of £50,000 . He instantly impressed at Stoke and forged a fine defensive partnership with Steve Bould . The pairs potential and performances attracted the attention of Arsenal and in January 1988 they both joined the Gunners for a combined fee of £765,000 . The following season , as Dixon cemented his place in the team , Arsenal won their first league title in eighteen years in a dramatic final game of the season . A defensive mainstay in a successful Arsenal team until his retirement in 2002 , Dixons tenure at Arsenal saw him collect four league championship medals , three FA Cup winners medals and a UEFA Cup Winners Cup medal . He was named in the PFA Team of the Year twice , for the seasons 1989–90 and 1990–91 . His retirement came at the end of Arsenals domestic double-winning 2001–02 season , their second in his time at the club . At the time of his retirement , he had played at 91 out of the 92 Football League grounds – every one except Fulhams Craven Cottage . Since his playing retirement , Dixon has worked as a football pundit and columnist . He began his television career working for the BBC , primarily on their Match of the Day and Football Focus programmes , then moved to ITV Sport in July 2012 . Starting in 2013 , he provides commentary alongside Arlo White for NBCs Premier League coverage in the USA . He has also done charitable work , joining Lawrence Dallaglio in a sponsored bike ride for Sport Relief which raised over £986,000 for the charity . Club career . Early career . Born in Manchester , son of former Manchester City goalkeeper Roy Dixon , Lee was a boyhood Manchester City supporter . He began his professional playing career in the lower divisions . On leaving school in 1980 , he joined Burnley as an apprentice in 1980 , turning professional in 1982 , then signed for Chester City ( where he experienced finishing bottom of the whole Football League in 1983–84 ) , Bury and later Stoke City . At the Victoria Ground Dixon made a fine impression with some fine performances from right back as he played in 50 matches in 1986–87 scoring three goals . In 1987–88 Dixon made 38 appearances scoring twice . He joined First Division Arsenal in January 1988 for a fee of £375,000 and was later joined at Highbury by Stoke teammate Steve Bould . Arsenal . Dixon was signed by Arsenal boss George Graham in January 1988 following the departure of England right back , Viv Anderson , to Manchester United . This was the first time that Dixon had played in the First Division . It took a while for Dixon to be given a first team role at Highbury . With England international Kenny Sansom at left back , the equally left-sided Nigel Winterburn had been a guarded success in the unfamiliar right back role , though Dixon did make his debut against Luton Town in February 1988 and played six times in total before the season ended . Dixon was cup-tied in his first season which limited his appearances , and also meant he was unable to take part in the 1988 League Cup Final . In the new season , Winterburn moved across to left back , allowing Dixon to take over the No.2 shirt , which he duly did for well over ten years . Displaced Sansom left Arsenal the following winter . Dixon later wrote in his column in The Independent of the defence that he played in at Arsenal , I was fortunate to play in an Arsenal back line that earned itself a reputation as being OK . Im not trying to be overly modest in saying that , as individuals , we werent the best players in the world . But certainly all my weaknesses were compensated for by Tony Adams , Nigel Winterburn , Martin Keown and Steve Bould , and vice versa . If one of us wasnt playing well , the others picked up the slack . Dixon and Winterburn made the full back positions their own for the next decade or so , while captain Tony Adams and the long-serving David OLeary operated in the middle . Later in 1988 they were joined by Steve Bould who , like Dixon before him , had been spotted by Graham playing for Stoke City . These five defenders , often playing as a back five together ( rather than the conventional back four ) were the linchpin of an Arsenal side who became serious challengers for the First Division title the 1988–89 season , an honour which they had not won since 1971 but had looked more and more like winning since Grahams appointment as Arsenal manager in May 1986 . Dixon was a marauding right back , ever willing to support his winger David Rocastle and his attacking skills were still noted even though his main job ( and the main priority of the side as a whole ) was to defend . He also had a short spell during this period as the clubs penalty taker . Arsenal took the chase for the League championship to the last day of the season when they faced Liverpool at Anfield . With Arsenal needing to win by two goals , the game stood at 1–0 as the clock showed the 90 minutes were up . Dixon received a ball in his own half and looked to mount a final attack . Spotting the run of centre forward Alan Smith towards the right channel , Dixon delivered a long ball on to his chest . Smiths run had forced a Liverpool defender across with him and Arsenal midfielder Michael Thomas made a charge into the gap , took Smiths sideways pass in his stride and slipped the ball past Bruce Grobbelaar . There was barely time for Liverpool to restart and Arsenal took the title , the first of many honours Dixon would win . Arsenal struggled to hold on to the title the following year ( and were unable to take part in the European Cup because the ban on English clubs after Heysel was still ongoing ) . In the 1990–91 season , Arsenals defence ( now with David Seaman playing behind them in goal ) grew even meaner , with just one defeat all season as they won the League championship again . After the 1992 summer , a fit-again Dixon was also defending the League title within the familiar Arsenal defence . With OLearys retirement imminent , Graham had provided extra cover in the centre of defence by signing Martin Keown from Everton – ironically the player whod ended up playing at right back in Euro 92 after both Dixon and Stevens became unavailable . OLeary ended up in Dixons place at right back for the 1993 League Cup final against Sheffield Wednesday – Dixon was suspended , having been sent off in Arsenals FA Cup semi-final victory over Spurs . Arsenal won 2–1 . Dixon was back when the sides met again for the FA Cup final which Arsenal won by the same scoreline in a replay , after the initial game had ended in a 1–1 draw . In 1994 , Dixon won a European medal to complement his domestic collection as Dixon , Winterburn , Bould and Adams suppressed the efforts of Tomas Brolin , Gianfranco Zola and Faustino Asprilla of Italian side Parma . Arsenal scored an early goal in the European Cup Winners Cup final in Copenhagen and this was enough , winning 1–0 . Dixon was again in his No.2 shirt as Arsenal slumped domestically in 1995 but reached the final of the Cup Winners Cup again . Though the defence in Paris was breached by Real Zaragoza , Arsenal equalised and took the game to extra time . A lob from 40 yards in the final minute from Nayim ( an ex-Spurs player ) over David Seaman prised the trophy from the Gunners . On 1 October 1996 Arsène Wenger arrived at Highbury and started to introduce lifestyle policies to the Arsenal squad , changing their outlook , self-awareness and diet . Wenger later admitted that he expected to replace each defender he inherited fairly quickly , but just as quickly realised he didnt need to . Dixon and his defensive colleagues recognised Wenger for giving them extra years at the helm of the game . Arsenal won the second double of the clubs history in 1998 and Dixon received a testimonial the following year as he entered his tenth full season at Arsenal . Dixon played in a UEFA Cup campaign in 2000 which saw Arsenal reach the final in the same Copenhagen stadium where they had won the Cup Winners Cup six years earlier . This time they were beaten on penalties by Galatasaray of Turkey . Earlier in that season he had missed a penalty in a shootout as Arsenal crashed out of the 1999/2000 FA Cup to Leicester City . The following year Arsenal reached the FA Cup final but lost 2–1 to Liverpool at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff – the 37-year-old Dixon being outpaced by the 21-year-old Michael Owen for the winning goal . Dixon played on for one more season helping Arsenal to win another historic double , the third in the clubs history and second under manager Arsène Wenger , clinching the league title over rivals Manchester United at their home ground Old Trafford . This made him one of the few men to have won league titles in three different decades ( 1980s , 1990s and 2000s ) . Dixon retired from playing after winning that double in 2002 at the age of 38 , with Adams quitting at the same time . Only Seaman and Keown then remained at the club from the defensive group Dixon had become associated with at Arsenal ( after OLearys retirement in 1993 , Bould had been the next to go in 1999 and then Winterburn followed him out of Highbury a year later ) . Dixon made 458 appearances in the League , scoring 25 goals . International career . Dixon made his England début in April 1990 in a World Cup warm-up game against Czechoslovakia . He played well , but there was little hope of him being in the squad for the tournament as he was at least third in the pecking order behind Gary Stevens and Paul Parker . Only injury to one of these two would have opened a door for Dixon to go to Italy and that didnt happen as the pair stayed fully fit for the length of the tournament . After the World Cup , new manager Graham Taylor instantly replaced Stevens and Parker with Dixon , who scored a goal at Wembley in his sixth international in an important Euro 92 qualifier against the Republic of Ireland . The game ended 1–1 . By the end of 1991 , Dixon had played in eleven internationals , including all of the Euro 92 qualifiers , through which England qualified for the finals in Sweden . As the finals approached , Dixon suffered an injury , allowing Stevens a route back into the side as the deadline for squad announcement approached . Taylor duly named Dixon instead of Stevens in his provisional squad , but ultimately neither went to the tournament . Dixon pulled out through an injury suffered in an accident at home so Stevens was recalled , only for the Rangers full back also to withdraw through injury . England ended up with no recognised right back in their squad and didnt get past the group stages . 1993 did not go well internationally , with England failing to qualify for the 1994 World Cup in the United States . Dixons 21st cap , in a 7–1 win over San Marino in the final qualifier ( a result which was immaterial ) seemed to be his last as Taylors successors Terry Venables and Glenn Hoddle did not select Dixon . In late January 1999 , caretaker England manager Howard Wilkinson recalled Dixon to the England squad more than five years after his last appearance , and he took to the field on 10 February in a 2–0 defeat by France . His international career ended with 22 caps in total but he did not play in a major tournament . After football . In retirement , Dixon has concentrated on several business interests including the Riverside Brasserie in Bray , Berkshire , originally with his friend Heston Blumenthal . He also worked as a regular pundit for the BBC on Match of the Day 2 as well as appearing on Score , and Football Focus before leaving the BBC to join ITV Sport in July 2012 . At ITV he teamed up with pundit and former player Roy Keane . In 2010 , he became completely hooked on cycling , and goes riding two or three times a week , after Lawrence Dallaglio persuaded him to take part in the Dallaglio Cycle Slam during the Six Nations Championship in February that year , raising money for Sport Relief . They raised over £986,000 for the charity . From 2013 , he has been the co-lead commentator with Graeme Le Saux for the Premier League on NBC Sports , working alongside Arlo White . He has also contributed to the networks Premier League Download program . In 2018 , he co-commentated UEFA Champions League matches in the video game by EA Sports , FIFA 19 alongside Derek Rae . This partnership continued in the 2019 game , FIFA 20 with inclusion of him also commentating some default games ( kick off , tournament , career and Ultimate Team modes ) alongside Derek Rae once again as well in FIFA 21 . Honours . Arsenal - Football League First Division : 1988–89 , 1990–91 - Premier League : 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Cup : 1992–93 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Charity Shield : 1991 ( shared ) , 1998 , 1999 - European Cup Winners Cup : 1993–94 External links . - Burnley career stats

easy

Lee Dixon played for which team from 1988 to 1989?

/wiki/Lee_Dixon#P54#4

Lee Dixon Lee Michael Dixon ( born 17 March 1964 ) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a right-back for Arsenal , Burnley , Bury , Chester City and Stoke City . Dixon was also capped 22 times for England , scoring once . A childhood Manchester City fan , Dixon began his footballing career as a youth at Burnley , making his professional debut for them in 1982 . From there he played for Chester City and Bury before joining Stoke City in 1986 for a fee of £50,000 . He instantly impressed at Stoke and forged a fine defensive partnership with Steve Bould . The pairs potential and performances attracted the attention of Arsenal and in January 1988 they both joined the Gunners for a combined fee of £765,000 . The following season , as Dixon cemented his place in the team , Arsenal won their first league title in eighteen years in a dramatic final game of the season . A defensive mainstay in a successful Arsenal team until his retirement in 2002 , Dixons tenure at Arsenal saw him collect four league championship medals , three FA Cup winners medals and a UEFA Cup Winners Cup medal . He was named in the PFA Team of the Year twice , for the seasons 1989–90 and 1990–91 . His retirement came at the end of Arsenals domestic double-winning 2001–02 season , their second in his time at the club . At the time of his retirement , he had played at 91 out of the 92 Football League grounds – every one except Fulhams Craven Cottage . Since his playing retirement , Dixon has worked as a football pundit and columnist . He began his television career working for the BBC , primarily on their Match of the Day and Football Focus programmes , then moved to ITV Sport in July 2012 . Starting in 2013 , he provides commentary alongside Arlo White for NBCs Premier League coverage in the USA . He has also done charitable work , joining Lawrence Dallaglio in a sponsored bike ride for Sport Relief which raised over £986,000 for the charity . Club career . Early career . Born in Manchester , son of former Manchester City goalkeeper Roy Dixon , Lee was a boyhood Manchester City supporter . He began his professional playing career in the lower divisions . On leaving school in 1980 , he joined Burnley as an apprentice in 1980 , turning professional in 1982 , then signed for Chester City ( where he experienced finishing bottom of the whole Football League in 1983–84 ) , Bury and later Stoke City . At the Victoria Ground Dixon made a fine impression with some fine performances from right back as he played in 50 matches in 1986–87 scoring three goals . In 1987–88 Dixon made 38 appearances scoring twice . He joined First Division Arsenal in January 1988 for a fee of £375,000 and was later joined at Highbury by Stoke teammate Steve Bould . Arsenal . Dixon was signed by Arsenal boss George Graham in January 1988 following the departure of England right back , Viv Anderson , to Manchester United . This was the first time that Dixon had played in the First Division . It took a while for Dixon to be given a first team role at Highbury . With England international Kenny Sansom at left back , the equally left-sided Nigel Winterburn had been a guarded success in the unfamiliar right back role , though Dixon did make his debut against Luton Town in February 1988 and played six times in total before the season ended . Dixon was cup-tied in his first season which limited his appearances , and also meant he was unable to take part in the 1988 League Cup Final . In the new season , Winterburn moved across to left back , allowing Dixon to take over the No.2 shirt , which he duly did for well over ten years . Displaced Sansom left Arsenal the following winter . Dixon later wrote in his column in The Independent of the defence that he played in at Arsenal , I was fortunate to play in an Arsenal back line that earned itself a reputation as being OK . Im not trying to be overly modest in saying that , as individuals , we werent the best players in the world . But certainly all my weaknesses were compensated for by Tony Adams , Nigel Winterburn , Martin Keown and Steve Bould , and vice versa . If one of us wasnt playing well , the others picked up the slack . Dixon and Winterburn made the full back positions their own for the next decade or so , while captain Tony Adams and the long-serving David OLeary operated in the middle . Later in 1988 they were joined by Steve Bould who , like Dixon before him , had been spotted by Graham playing for Stoke City . These five defenders , often playing as a back five together ( rather than the conventional back four ) were the linchpin of an Arsenal side who became serious challengers for the First Division title the 1988–89 season , an honour which they had not won since 1971 but had looked more and more like winning since Grahams appointment as Arsenal manager in May 1986 . Dixon was a marauding right back , ever willing to support his winger David Rocastle and his attacking skills were still noted even though his main job ( and the main priority of the side as a whole ) was to defend . He also had a short spell during this period as the clubs penalty taker . Arsenal took the chase for the League championship to the last day of the season when they faced Liverpool at Anfield . With Arsenal needing to win by two goals , the game stood at 1–0 as the clock showed the 90 minutes were up . Dixon received a ball in his own half and looked to mount a final attack . Spotting the run of centre forward Alan Smith towards the right channel , Dixon delivered a long ball on to his chest . Smiths run had forced a Liverpool defender across with him and Arsenal midfielder Michael Thomas made a charge into the gap , took Smiths sideways pass in his stride and slipped the ball past Bruce Grobbelaar . There was barely time for Liverpool to restart and Arsenal took the title , the first of many honours Dixon would win . Arsenal struggled to hold on to the title the following year ( and were unable to take part in the European Cup because the ban on English clubs after Heysel was still ongoing ) . In the 1990–91 season , Arsenals defence ( now with David Seaman playing behind them in goal ) grew even meaner , with just one defeat all season as they won the League championship again . After the 1992 summer , a fit-again Dixon was also defending the League title within the familiar Arsenal defence . With OLearys retirement imminent , Graham had provided extra cover in the centre of defence by signing Martin Keown from Everton – ironically the player whod ended up playing at right back in Euro 92 after both Dixon and Stevens became unavailable . OLeary ended up in Dixons place at right back for the 1993 League Cup final against Sheffield Wednesday – Dixon was suspended , having been sent off in Arsenals FA Cup semi-final victory over Spurs . Arsenal won 2–1 . Dixon was back when the sides met again for the FA Cup final which Arsenal won by the same scoreline in a replay , after the initial game had ended in a 1–1 draw . In 1994 , Dixon won a European medal to complement his domestic collection as Dixon , Winterburn , Bould and Adams suppressed the efforts of Tomas Brolin , Gianfranco Zola and Faustino Asprilla of Italian side Parma . Arsenal scored an early goal in the European Cup Winners Cup final in Copenhagen and this was enough , winning 1–0 . Dixon was again in his No.2 shirt as Arsenal slumped domestically in 1995 but reached the final of the Cup Winners Cup again . Though the defence in Paris was breached by Real Zaragoza , Arsenal equalised and took the game to extra time . A lob from 40 yards in the final minute from Nayim ( an ex-Spurs player ) over David Seaman prised the trophy from the Gunners . On 1 October 1996 Arsène Wenger arrived at Highbury and started to introduce lifestyle policies to the Arsenal squad , changing their outlook , self-awareness and diet . Wenger later admitted that he expected to replace each defender he inherited fairly quickly , but just as quickly realised he didnt need to . Dixon and his defensive colleagues recognised Wenger for giving them extra years at the helm of the game . Arsenal won the second double of the clubs history in 1998 and Dixon received a testimonial the following year as he entered his tenth full season at Arsenal . Dixon played in a UEFA Cup campaign in 2000 which saw Arsenal reach the final in the same Copenhagen stadium where they had won the Cup Winners Cup six years earlier . This time they were beaten on penalties by Galatasaray of Turkey . Earlier in that season he had missed a penalty in a shootout as Arsenal crashed out of the 1999/2000 FA Cup to Leicester City . The following year Arsenal reached the FA Cup final but lost 2–1 to Liverpool at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff – the 37-year-old Dixon being outpaced by the 21-year-old Michael Owen for the winning goal . Dixon played on for one more season helping Arsenal to win another historic double , the third in the clubs history and second under manager Arsène Wenger , clinching the league title over rivals Manchester United at their home ground Old Trafford . This made him one of the few men to have won league titles in three different decades ( 1980s , 1990s and 2000s ) . Dixon retired from playing after winning that double in 2002 at the age of 38 , with Adams quitting at the same time . Only Seaman and Keown then remained at the club from the defensive group Dixon had become associated with at Arsenal ( after OLearys retirement in 1993 , Bould had been the next to go in 1999 and then Winterburn followed him out of Highbury a year later ) . Dixon made 458 appearances in the League , scoring 25 goals . International career . Dixon made his England début in April 1990 in a World Cup warm-up game against Czechoslovakia . He played well , but there was little hope of him being in the squad for the tournament as he was at least third in the pecking order behind Gary Stevens and Paul Parker . Only injury to one of these two would have opened a door for Dixon to go to Italy and that didnt happen as the pair stayed fully fit for the length of the tournament . After the World Cup , new manager Graham Taylor instantly replaced Stevens and Parker with Dixon , who scored a goal at Wembley in his sixth international in an important Euro 92 qualifier against the Republic of Ireland . The game ended 1–1 . By the end of 1991 , Dixon had played in eleven internationals , including all of the Euro 92 qualifiers , through which England qualified for the finals in Sweden . As the finals approached , Dixon suffered an injury , allowing Stevens a route back into the side as the deadline for squad announcement approached . Taylor duly named Dixon instead of Stevens in his provisional squad , but ultimately neither went to the tournament . Dixon pulled out through an injury suffered in an accident at home so Stevens was recalled , only for the Rangers full back also to withdraw through injury . England ended up with no recognised right back in their squad and didnt get past the group stages . 1993 did not go well internationally , with England failing to qualify for the 1994 World Cup in the United States . Dixons 21st cap , in a 7–1 win over San Marino in the final qualifier ( a result which was immaterial ) seemed to be his last as Taylors successors Terry Venables and Glenn Hoddle did not select Dixon . In late January 1999 , caretaker England manager Howard Wilkinson recalled Dixon to the England squad more than five years after his last appearance , and he took to the field on 10 February in a 2–0 defeat by France . His international career ended with 22 caps in total but he did not play in a major tournament . After football . In retirement , Dixon has concentrated on several business interests including the Riverside Brasserie in Bray , Berkshire , originally with his friend Heston Blumenthal . He also worked as a regular pundit for the BBC on Match of the Day 2 as well as appearing on Score , and Football Focus before leaving the BBC to join ITV Sport in July 2012 . At ITV he teamed up with pundit and former player Roy Keane . In 2010 , he became completely hooked on cycling , and goes riding two or three times a week , after Lawrence Dallaglio persuaded him to take part in the Dallaglio Cycle Slam during the Six Nations Championship in February that year , raising money for Sport Relief . They raised over £986,000 for the charity . From 2013 , he has been the co-lead commentator with Graeme Le Saux for the Premier League on NBC Sports , working alongside Arlo White . He has also contributed to the networks Premier League Download program . In 2018 , he co-commentated UEFA Champions League matches in the video game by EA Sports , FIFA 19 alongside Derek Rae . This partnership continued in the 2019 game , FIFA 20 with inclusion of him also commentating some default games ( kick off , tournament , career and Ultimate Team modes ) alongside Derek Rae once again as well in FIFA 21 . Honours . Arsenal - Football League First Division : 1988–89 , 1990–91 - Premier League : 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Cup : 1992–93 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Charity Shield : 1991 ( shared ) , 1998 , 1999 - European Cup Winners Cup : 1993–94 External links . - Burnley career stats

easy

Which team did the player Lee Dixon belong to from 1989 to 1990?

/wiki/Lee_Dixon#P54#5

Lee Dixon Lee Michael Dixon ( born 17 March 1964 ) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a right-back for Arsenal , Burnley , Bury , Chester City and Stoke City . Dixon was also capped 22 times for England , scoring once . A childhood Manchester City fan , Dixon began his footballing career as a youth at Burnley , making his professional debut for them in 1982 . From there he played for Chester City and Bury before joining Stoke City in 1986 for a fee of £50,000 . He instantly impressed at Stoke and forged a fine defensive partnership with Steve Bould . The pairs potential and performances attracted the attention of Arsenal and in January 1988 they both joined the Gunners for a combined fee of £765,000 . The following season , as Dixon cemented his place in the team , Arsenal won their first league title in eighteen years in a dramatic final game of the season . A defensive mainstay in a successful Arsenal team until his retirement in 2002 , Dixons tenure at Arsenal saw him collect four league championship medals , three FA Cup winners medals and a UEFA Cup Winners Cup medal . He was named in the PFA Team of the Year twice , for the seasons 1989–90 and 1990–91 . His retirement came at the end of Arsenals domestic double-winning 2001–02 season , their second in his time at the club . At the time of his retirement , he had played at 91 out of the 92 Football League grounds – every one except Fulhams Craven Cottage . Since his playing retirement , Dixon has worked as a football pundit and columnist . He began his television career working for the BBC , primarily on their Match of the Day and Football Focus programmes , then moved to ITV Sport in July 2012 . Starting in 2013 , he provides commentary alongside Arlo White for NBCs Premier League coverage in the USA . He has also done charitable work , joining Lawrence Dallaglio in a sponsored bike ride for Sport Relief which raised over £986,000 for the charity . Club career . Early career . Born in Manchester , son of former Manchester City goalkeeper Roy Dixon , Lee was a boyhood Manchester City supporter . He began his professional playing career in the lower divisions . On leaving school in 1980 , he joined Burnley as an apprentice in 1980 , turning professional in 1982 , then signed for Chester City ( where he experienced finishing bottom of the whole Football League in 1983–84 ) , Bury and later Stoke City . At the Victoria Ground Dixon made a fine impression with some fine performances from right back as he played in 50 matches in 1986–87 scoring three goals . In 1987–88 Dixon made 38 appearances scoring twice . He joined First Division Arsenal in January 1988 for a fee of £375,000 and was later joined at Highbury by Stoke teammate Steve Bould . Arsenal . Dixon was signed by Arsenal boss George Graham in January 1988 following the departure of England right back , Viv Anderson , to Manchester United . This was the first time that Dixon had played in the First Division . It took a while for Dixon to be given a first team role at Highbury . With England international Kenny Sansom at left back , the equally left-sided Nigel Winterburn had been a guarded success in the unfamiliar right back role , though Dixon did make his debut against Luton Town in February 1988 and played six times in total before the season ended . Dixon was cup-tied in his first season which limited his appearances , and also meant he was unable to take part in the 1988 League Cup Final . In the new season , Winterburn moved across to left back , allowing Dixon to take over the No.2 shirt , which he duly did for well over ten years . Displaced Sansom left Arsenal the following winter . Dixon later wrote in his column in The Independent of the defence that he played in at Arsenal , I was fortunate to play in an Arsenal back line that earned itself a reputation as being OK . Im not trying to be overly modest in saying that , as individuals , we werent the best players in the world . But certainly all my weaknesses were compensated for by Tony Adams , Nigel Winterburn , Martin Keown and Steve Bould , and vice versa . If one of us wasnt playing well , the others picked up the slack . Dixon and Winterburn made the full back positions their own for the next decade or so , while captain Tony Adams and the long-serving David OLeary operated in the middle . Later in 1988 they were joined by Steve Bould who , like Dixon before him , had been spotted by Graham playing for Stoke City . These five defenders , often playing as a back five together ( rather than the conventional back four ) were the linchpin of an Arsenal side who became serious challengers for the First Division title the 1988–89 season , an honour which they had not won since 1971 but had looked more and more like winning since Grahams appointment as Arsenal manager in May 1986 . Dixon was a marauding right back , ever willing to support his winger David Rocastle and his attacking skills were still noted even though his main job ( and the main priority of the side as a whole ) was to defend . He also had a short spell during this period as the clubs penalty taker . Arsenal took the chase for the League championship to the last day of the season when they faced Liverpool at Anfield . With Arsenal needing to win by two goals , the game stood at 1–0 as the clock showed the 90 minutes were up . Dixon received a ball in his own half and looked to mount a final attack . Spotting the run of centre forward Alan Smith towards the right channel , Dixon delivered a long ball on to his chest . Smiths run had forced a Liverpool defender across with him and Arsenal midfielder Michael Thomas made a charge into the gap , took Smiths sideways pass in his stride and slipped the ball past Bruce Grobbelaar . There was barely time for Liverpool to restart and Arsenal took the title , the first of many honours Dixon would win . Arsenal struggled to hold on to the title the following year ( and were unable to take part in the European Cup because the ban on English clubs after Heysel was still ongoing ) . In the 1990–91 season , Arsenals defence ( now with David Seaman playing behind them in goal ) grew even meaner , with just one defeat all season as they won the League championship again . After the 1992 summer , a fit-again Dixon was also defending the League title within the familiar Arsenal defence . With OLearys retirement imminent , Graham had provided extra cover in the centre of defence by signing Martin Keown from Everton – ironically the player whod ended up playing at right back in Euro 92 after both Dixon and Stevens became unavailable . OLeary ended up in Dixons place at right back for the 1993 League Cup final against Sheffield Wednesday – Dixon was suspended , having been sent off in Arsenals FA Cup semi-final victory over Spurs . Arsenal won 2–1 . Dixon was back when the sides met again for the FA Cup final which Arsenal won by the same scoreline in a replay , after the initial game had ended in a 1–1 draw . In 1994 , Dixon won a European medal to complement his domestic collection as Dixon , Winterburn , Bould and Adams suppressed the efforts of Tomas Brolin , Gianfranco Zola and Faustino Asprilla of Italian side Parma . Arsenal scored an early goal in the European Cup Winners Cup final in Copenhagen and this was enough , winning 1–0 . Dixon was again in his No.2 shirt as Arsenal slumped domestically in 1995 but reached the final of the Cup Winners Cup again . Though the defence in Paris was breached by Real Zaragoza , Arsenal equalised and took the game to extra time . A lob from 40 yards in the final minute from Nayim ( an ex-Spurs player ) over David Seaman prised the trophy from the Gunners . On 1 October 1996 Arsène Wenger arrived at Highbury and started to introduce lifestyle policies to the Arsenal squad , changing their outlook , self-awareness and diet . Wenger later admitted that he expected to replace each defender he inherited fairly quickly , but just as quickly realised he didnt need to . Dixon and his defensive colleagues recognised Wenger for giving them extra years at the helm of the game . Arsenal won the second double of the clubs history in 1998 and Dixon received a testimonial the following year as he entered his tenth full season at Arsenal . Dixon played in a UEFA Cup campaign in 2000 which saw Arsenal reach the final in the same Copenhagen stadium where they had won the Cup Winners Cup six years earlier . This time they were beaten on penalties by Galatasaray of Turkey . Earlier in that season he had missed a penalty in a shootout as Arsenal crashed out of the 1999/2000 FA Cup to Leicester City . The following year Arsenal reached the FA Cup final but lost 2–1 to Liverpool at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff – the 37-year-old Dixon being outpaced by the 21-year-old Michael Owen for the winning goal . Dixon played on for one more season helping Arsenal to win another historic double , the third in the clubs history and second under manager Arsène Wenger , clinching the league title over rivals Manchester United at their home ground Old Trafford . This made him one of the few men to have won league titles in three different decades ( 1980s , 1990s and 2000s ) . Dixon retired from playing after winning that double in 2002 at the age of 38 , with Adams quitting at the same time . Only Seaman and Keown then remained at the club from the defensive group Dixon had become associated with at Arsenal ( after OLearys retirement in 1993 , Bould had been the next to go in 1999 and then Winterburn followed him out of Highbury a year later ) . Dixon made 458 appearances in the League , scoring 25 goals . International career . Dixon made his England début in April 1990 in a World Cup warm-up game against Czechoslovakia . He played well , but there was little hope of him being in the squad for the tournament as he was at least third in the pecking order behind Gary Stevens and Paul Parker . Only injury to one of these two would have opened a door for Dixon to go to Italy and that didnt happen as the pair stayed fully fit for the length of the tournament . After the World Cup , new manager Graham Taylor instantly replaced Stevens and Parker with Dixon , who scored a goal at Wembley in his sixth international in an important Euro 92 qualifier against the Republic of Ireland . The game ended 1–1 . By the end of 1991 , Dixon had played in eleven internationals , including all of the Euro 92 qualifiers , through which England qualified for the finals in Sweden . As the finals approached , Dixon suffered an injury , allowing Stevens a route back into the side as the deadline for squad announcement approached . Taylor duly named Dixon instead of Stevens in his provisional squad , but ultimately neither went to the tournament . Dixon pulled out through an injury suffered in an accident at home so Stevens was recalled , only for the Rangers full back also to withdraw through injury . England ended up with no recognised right back in their squad and didnt get past the group stages . 1993 did not go well internationally , with England failing to qualify for the 1994 World Cup in the United States . Dixons 21st cap , in a 7–1 win over San Marino in the final qualifier ( a result which was immaterial ) seemed to be his last as Taylors successors Terry Venables and Glenn Hoddle did not select Dixon . In late January 1999 , caretaker England manager Howard Wilkinson recalled Dixon to the England squad more than five years after his last appearance , and he took to the field on 10 February in a 2–0 defeat by France . His international career ended with 22 caps in total but he did not play in a major tournament . After football . In retirement , Dixon has concentrated on several business interests including the Riverside Brasserie in Bray , Berkshire , originally with his friend Heston Blumenthal . He also worked as a regular pundit for the BBC on Match of the Day 2 as well as appearing on Score , and Football Focus before leaving the BBC to join ITV Sport in July 2012 . At ITV he teamed up with pundit and former player Roy Keane . In 2010 , he became completely hooked on cycling , and goes riding two or three times a week , after Lawrence Dallaglio persuaded him to take part in the Dallaglio Cycle Slam during the Six Nations Championship in February that year , raising money for Sport Relief . They raised over £986,000 for the charity . From 2013 , he has been the co-lead commentator with Graeme Le Saux for the Premier League on NBC Sports , working alongside Arlo White . He has also contributed to the networks Premier League Download program . In 2018 , he co-commentated UEFA Champions League matches in the video game by EA Sports , FIFA 19 alongside Derek Rae . This partnership continued in the 2019 game , FIFA 20 with inclusion of him also commentating some default games ( kick off , tournament , career and Ultimate Team modes ) alongside Derek Rae once again as well in FIFA 21 . Honours . Arsenal - Football League First Division : 1988–89 , 1990–91 - Premier League : 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Cup : 1992–93 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Charity Shield : 1991 ( shared ) , 1998 , 1999 - European Cup Winners Cup : 1993–94 External links . - Burnley career stats

easy

Which team did the player Lee Dixon belong to from 1990 to 1999?

/wiki/Lee_Dixon#P54#6

Lee Dixon Lee Michael Dixon ( born 17 March 1964 ) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a right-back for Arsenal , Burnley , Bury , Chester City and Stoke City . Dixon was also capped 22 times for England , scoring once . A childhood Manchester City fan , Dixon began his footballing career as a youth at Burnley , making his professional debut for them in 1982 . From there he played for Chester City and Bury before joining Stoke City in 1986 for a fee of £50,000 . He instantly impressed at Stoke and forged a fine defensive partnership with Steve Bould . The pairs potential and performances attracted the attention of Arsenal and in January 1988 they both joined the Gunners for a combined fee of £765,000 . The following season , as Dixon cemented his place in the team , Arsenal won their first league title in eighteen years in a dramatic final game of the season . A defensive mainstay in a successful Arsenal team until his retirement in 2002 , Dixons tenure at Arsenal saw him collect four league championship medals , three FA Cup winners medals and a UEFA Cup Winners Cup medal . He was named in the PFA Team of the Year twice , for the seasons 1989–90 and 1990–91 . His retirement came at the end of Arsenals domestic double-winning 2001–02 season , their second in his time at the club . At the time of his retirement , he had played at 91 out of the 92 Football League grounds – every one except Fulhams Craven Cottage . Since his playing retirement , Dixon has worked as a football pundit and columnist . He began his television career working for the BBC , primarily on their Match of the Day and Football Focus programmes , then moved to ITV Sport in July 2012 . Starting in 2013 , he provides commentary alongside Arlo White for NBCs Premier League coverage in the USA . He has also done charitable work , joining Lawrence Dallaglio in a sponsored bike ride for Sport Relief which raised over £986,000 for the charity . Club career . Early career . Born in Manchester , son of former Manchester City goalkeeper Roy Dixon , Lee was a boyhood Manchester City supporter . He began his professional playing career in the lower divisions . On leaving school in 1980 , he joined Burnley as an apprentice in 1980 , turning professional in 1982 , then signed for Chester City ( where he experienced finishing bottom of the whole Football League in 1983–84 ) , Bury and later Stoke City . At the Victoria Ground Dixon made a fine impression with some fine performances from right back as he played in 50 matches in 1986–87 scoring three goals . In 1987–88 Dixon made 38 appearances scoring twice . He joined First Division Arsenal in January 1988 for a fee of £375,000 and was later joined at Highbury by Stoke teammate Steve Bould . Arsenal . Dixon was signed by Arsenal boss George Graham in January 1988 following the departure of England right back , Viv Anderson , to Manchester United . This was the first time that Dixon had played in the First Division . It took a while for Dixon to be given a first team role at Highbury . With England international Kenny Sansom at left back , the equally left-sided Nigel Winterburn had been a guarded success in the unfamiliar right back role , though Dixon did make his debut against Luton Town in February 1988 and played six times in total before the season ended . Dixon was cup-tied in his first season which limited his appearances , and also meant he was unable to take part in the 1988 League Cup Final . In the new season , Winterburn moved across to left back , allowing Dixon to take over the No.2 shirt , which he duly did for well over ten years . Displaced Sansom left Arsenal the following winter . Dixon later wrote in his column in The Independent of the defence that he played in at Arsenal , I was fortunate to play in an Arsenal back line that earned itself a reputation as being OK . Im not trying to be overly modest in saying that , as individuals , we werent the best players in the world . But certainly all my weaknesses were compensated for by Tony Adams , Nigel Winterburn , Martin Keown and Steve Bould , and vice versa . If one of us wasnt playing well , the others picked up the slack . Dixon and Winterburn made the full back positions their own for the next decade or so , while captain Tony Adams and the long-serving David OLeary operated in the middle . Later in 1988 they were joined by Steve Bould who , like Dixon before him , had been spotted by Graham playing for Stoke City . These five defenders , often playing as a back five together ( rather than the conventional back four ) were the linchpin of an Arsenal side who became serious challengers for the First Division title the 1988–89 season , an honour which they had not won since 1971 but had looked more and more like winning since Grahams appointment as Arsenal manager in May 1986 . Dixon was a marauding right back , ever willing to support his winger David Rocastle and his attacking skills were still noted even though his main job ( and the main priority of the side as a whole ) was to defend . He also had a short spell during this period as the clubs penalty taker . Arsenal took the chase for the League championship to the last day of the season when they faced Liverpool at Anfield . With Arsenal needing to win by two goals , the game stood at 1–0 as the clock showed the 90 minutes were up . Dixon received a ball in his own half and looked to mount a final attack . Spotting the run of centre forward Alan Smith towards the right channel , Dixon delivered a long ball on to his chest . Smiths run had forced a Liverpool defender across with him and Arsenal midfielder Michael Thomas made a charge into the gap , took Smiths sideways pass in his stride and slipped the ball past Bruce Grobbelaar . There was barely time for Liverpool to restart and Arsenal took the title , the first of many honours Dixon would win . Arsenal struggled to hold on to the title the following year ( and were unable to take part in the European Cup because the ban on English clubs after Heysel was still ongoing ) . In the 1990–91 season , Arsenals defence ( now with David Seaman playing behind them in goal ) grew even meaner , with just one defeat all season as they won the League championship again . After the 1992 summer , a fit-again Dixon was also defending the League title within the familiar Arsenal defence . With OLearys retirement imminent , Graham had provided extra cover in the centre of defence by signing Martin Keown from Everton – ironically the player whod ended up playing at right back in Euro 92 after both Dixon and Stevens became unavailable . OLeary ended up in Dixons place at right back for the 1993 League Cup final against Sheffield Wednesday – Dixon was suspended , having been sent off in Arsenals FA Cup semi-final victory over Spurs . Arsenal won 2–1 . Dixon was back when the sides met again for the FA Cup final which Arsenal won by the same scoreline in a replay , after the initial game had ended in a 1–1 draw . In 1994 , Dixon won a European medal to complement his domestic collection as Dixon , Winterburn , Bould and Adams suppressed the efforts of Tomas Brolin , Gianfranco Zola and Faustino Asprilla of Italian side Parma . Arsenal scored an early goal in the European Cup Winners Cup final in Copenhagen and this was enough , winning 1–0 . Dixon was again in his No.2 shirt as Arsenal slumped domestically in 1995 but reached the final of the Cup Winners Cup again . Though the defence in Paris was breached by Real Zaragoza , Arsenal equalised and took the game to extra time . A lob from 40 yards in the final minute from Nayim ( an ex-Spurs player ) over David Seaman prised the trophy from the Gunners . On 1 October 1996 Arsène Wenger arrived at Highbury and started to introduce lifestyle policies to the Arsenal squad , changing their outlook , self-awareness and diet . Wenger later admitted that he expected to replace each defender he inherited fairly quickly , but just as quickly realised he didnt need to . Dixon and his defensive colleagues recognised Wenger for giving them extra years at the helm of the game . Arsenal won the second double of the clubs history in 1998 and Dixon received a testimonial the following year as he entered his tenth full season at Arsenal . Dixon played in a UEFA Cup campaign in 2000 which saw Arsenal reach the final in the same Copenhagen stadium where they had won the Cup Winners Cup six years earlier . This time they were beaten on penalties by Galatasaray of Turkey . Earlier in that season he had missed a penalty in a shootout as Arsenal crashed out of the 1999/2000 FA Cup to Leicester City . The following year Arsenal reached the FA Cup final but lost 2–1 to Liverpool at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff – the 37-year-old Dixon being outpaced by the 21-year-old Michael Owen for the winning goal . Dixon played on for one more season helping Arsenal to win another historic double , the third in the clubs history and second under manager Arsène Wenger , clinching the league title over rivals Manchester United at their home ground Old Trafford . This made him one of the few men to have won league titles in three different decades ( 1980s , 1990s and 2000s ) . Dixon retired from playing after winning that double in 2002 at the age of 38 , with Adams quitting at the same time . Only Seaman and Keown then remained at the club from the defensive group Dixon had become associated with at Arsenal ( after OLearys retirement in 1993 , Bould had been the next to go in 1999 and then Winterburn followed him out of Highbury a year later ) . Dixon made 458 appearances in the League , scoring 25 goals . International career . Dixon made his England début in April 1990 in a World Cup warm-up game against Czechoslovakia . He played well , but there was little hope of him being in the squad for the tournament as he was at least third in the pecking order behind Gary Stevens and Paul Parker . Only injury to one of these two would have opened a door for Dixon to go to Italy and that didnt happen as the pair stayed fully fit for the length of the tournament . After the World Cup , new manager Graham Taylor instantly replaced Stevens and Parker with Dixon , who scored a goal at Wembley in his sixth international in an important Euro 92 qualifier against the Republic of Ireland . The game ended 1–1 . By the end of 1991 , Dixon had played in eleven internationals , including all of the Euro 92 qualifiers , through which England qualified for the finals in Sweden . As the finals approached , Dixon suffered an injury , allowing Stevens a route back into the side as the deadline for squad announcement approached . Taylor duly named Dixon instead of Stevens in his provisional squad , but ultimately neither went to the tournament . Dixon pulled out through an injury suffered in an accident at home so Stevens was recalled , only for the Rangers full back also to withdraw through injury . England ended up with no recognised right back in their squad and didnt get past the group stages . 1993 did not go well internationally , with England failing to qualify for the 1994 World Cup in the United States . Dixons 21st cap , in a 7–1 win over San Marino in the final qualifier ( a result which was immaterial ) seemed to be his last as Taylors successors Terry Venables and Glenn Hoddle did not select Dixon . In late January 1999 , caretaker England manager Howard Wilkinson recalled Dixon to the England squad more than five years after his last appearance , and he took to the field on 10 February in a 2–0 defeat by France . His international career ended with 22 caps in total but he did not play in a major tournament . After football . In retirement , Dixon has concentrated on several business interests including the Riverside Brasserie in Bray , Berkshire , originally with his friend Heston Blumenthal . He also worked as a regular pundit for the BBC on Match of the Day 2 as well as appearing on Score , and Football Focus before leaving the BBC to join ITV Sport in July 2012 . At ITV he teamed up with pundit and former player Roy Keane . In 2010 , he became completely hooked on cycling , and goes riding two or three times a week , after Lawrence Dallaglio persuaded him to take part in the Dallaglio Cycle Slam during the Six Nations Championship in February that year , raising money for Sport Relief . They raised over £986,000 for the charity . From 2013 , he has been the co-lead commentator with Graeme Le Saux for the Premier League on NBC Sports , working alongside Arlo White . He has also contributed to the networks Premier League Download program . In 2018 , he co-commentated UEFA Champions League matches in the video game by EA Sports , FIFA 19 alongside Derek Rae . This partnership continued in the 2019 game , FIFA 20 with inclusion of him also commentating some default games ( kick off , tournament , career and Ultimate Team modes ) alongside Derek Rae once again as well in FIFA 21 . Honours . Arsenal - Football League First Division : 1988–89 , 1990–91 - Premier League : 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Cup : 1992–93 , 1997–98 , 2001–02 - FA Charity Shield : 1991 ( shared ) , 1998 , 1999 - European Cup Winners Cup : 1993–94 External links . - Burnley career stats

easy

Which team did the player Stephen Kearney belong to from 1993 to 1995?

/wiki/Stephen_Kearney#P54#0

Stephen Kearney Stephen Peter Kearney ( born 11 June 1972 ) is a New Zealand professional rugby league football coach who until recently was the head coach of the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL and a former player . A New Zealand national captain and second-row forward , Kearneys club football career , which spanned from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s , was played for the Randwick Kingfishers , Western Suburbs Magpies , Auckland Warriors , Melbourne Storm ( with whom he won the 1999 NRL Premiership ) , and Hull F.C . ( with whom he won the 2005 Challenge Cup ) . Kearney was previously the head coach of the New Zealand national team , with whom he won the 2008 World Cup and 2011 Four Nations tournaments . He also previously coached the Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League . Background . Kearney was born in Paraparaumu , New Zealand . Playing career . A Kapiti Bears junior , Kearney played for the Junior Kiwis between 1989 and 1991 , becoming the sides captain for the 1991 series against Great Britain . He made his senior début in 1991 for the Randwick Kingfishers and also played for Wellington that year . Randwick lost the Wellington Rugby League Grand Final 6–14 to the Wainuiomata Lions . Turning professional he moved to Australia to play for the Western Suburbs Magpies in 1992 in what is now the NSWRL Premiership . In 1993 he became the New Zealand national rugby league team youngest test captain , aged 21 . He left the Magpies at the end of 1994 , returning home to play for the Auckland Warriors in their inaugural season . At the end of that season he traveled to England to represent New Zealand in the 1995 World Cup . He missed the first test match against a re-unified Australian team in 1998 due to suspension . Kearney remained a Warrior until 1998 , when he moved to Australia to join the Melbourne Storm . In the Melbourne clubs second ever season Kearney played at second-row forward in their victory in the 1999 NRL Grand Final . Kearney was selected for the New Zealand team to compete in the end of season 1999 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament . In the final against Australia he played at second-row forward in the Kiwis 22–20 loss . Having won the 1999 Premiership , the Melbourne Storm traveled to England to contest the 2000 World Club Challenge against Super League Champions St Helens R.F.C. , with Kearney playing at second-row forward in the victory . In 2002 Kearney missed the series-deciding match against Great Britain as he had to rush back home to Melbourne to be with his sick five-year-old daughter , who needed emergency surgery . While captaining the Storm in 2004 , Kearney became the first New Zealand footballer to play 250 Australian first-grade matches . He also played his last test match for the Kiwis in 2004 , in a game that marked the début of Sonny Bill Williams . Kearney finished his playing career with English club Hull F.C . in the Super League competition , playing in their 2005 Challenge Cup-winning side . Coaching career . In 2006 Kearney retired from playing and returned to Australia to take up a role as assistant coach at his old club , the Melbourne Storm , under Craig Bellamy . In 2008 Kearney was appointed as the New Zealand national rugby league team head coach on a two-year contract . Kearney ( with assistant Wayne Bennett ) coached the Kiwis to their first World Cup win . On 22 November 2008 , they defeated Australia 34–20 in the final , at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane . Following this achievement , he was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit , for services to rugby league , in the 2009 Queens Birthday Honours . For the 2010 Anzac Test , Kearney coached New Zealand in their loss against Australia . In the 2010 post-season Kearney was announced as Daniel Andersons replacement as head coach of the Parramatta Eels for three years beginning in 2011 . Shortly after that , he took the Kiwis to victory in the 2010 Four Nations Final against Australia . In 2011 he failed to coach the Parramatta NRL team to any success , with the Eels achieving just 6 wins and 1 draw in 24 matches , and only just missing out on the wooden spoon when they beat the Gold Coast Titans in the last game of the regular season . Things didnt get any better for Kearney in the 2012 NRL season . With the Eels struggling in last place on the NRL ladder after 16 rounds , Melbourne Storms inaugural coach , and two time premiership winning coach Chris Anderson was appointed as a mentor to Stephen Kearney to help him turn the clubs fortunes around . However this did not eventuate and Kearney was forced to resign only three rounds later on 20 July , after achieving only 3 wins from 19 matches in the season . He left the Eels with just 10 wins from 42 matches , a very poor winning percentage of 24 percent . In October 2012 Kearney signed a 2-year contract as Brisbane Broncos assistant coach from 2013 . Kearney coached the holders , New Zealand in the 2013 World Cup where they were beaten in the final by Australia . In November 2014 , Kearney guided New Zealand to their second Four Nations championship , defeating Australia 22–18 in the final . In March 2015 , Kearney signed a new deal to remain as coach of the Kiwis until the conclusion of the 2017 Rugby League World Cup . At the end of 2015 , his 23 test wins as coach and five wins over Australia is the most out of any that has coached New Zealand in the past , in stark contrast to his record as an NRL head coach . On 12 September 2016 , Kearney stepped down from his role as coach of New Zealand after accepting a return to head coaching in the NRL as coach of the New Zealand Warriors on a three-year deal . He replaced Andrew McFadden who remained at the Warriors as his assistant . In his first season coaching the Warriors , 2017 , the team finished 13th on the table , after managing only 7 wins from their 24 games , a win percentage of 29% . In 2018 , however , Kearneys season started brightly , with the club winning their first 5 matches of the season , for the first time in the clubs history . Slipping slowly down the ladder through the season , from starting right at the top , they finally secured eighth spot , with 15 wins out of 24 , a 62% win percentage . They then crashed out of their first finals match since 2011 with a 27–12 loss to the Penrith Panthers at ANZ Stadium in Sydney . At the halfway point of the 2019 season , Kearneys Warriors had 4 wins from 12 starts , a 33% win percentage . Kearney signed a contract to extend his time as head coach of the Warriors until 2022 at the end of February 2019 . On 20 June 2020 , Kearney was sacked by the New Zealand Warriors , due to poor results , and was replaced by his assistant coach Todd Payten . Kearney returned to the Melbourne Storm for the 2021 NRL season , signing a one year deal as an assistant coach . Legacy . In 2007 Kearney was named in the Melbourne Storm team of the decade . In 2012 Kearney was named as one of the New Zealand Rugby Leagues Legends of League . Born in Wellington , he was also named in the Wellington Rugby Leagues Team of the Century . As part of their 20-year celebrations in 2018 , Melbourne Storm named Kearney part of their team of the Melbourne Storm Team for the first 20 years . External links . - New Zealand Warriors profile - Kiwi Player Profiles : Stephen Kearney - Stephen Kearney Player Profile at Hull - Article on Kapiti Bears website : Stephen Kearney - a role model for young Rugby League players .

easy

Which team did Stephen Kearney play for from 1995 to 1998?

/wiki/Stephen_Kearney#P54#1

Stephen Kearney Stephen Peter Kearney ( born 11 June 1972 ) is a New Zealand professional rugby league football coach who until recently was the head coach of the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL and a former player . A New Zealand national captain and second-row forward , Kearneys club football career , which spanned from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s , was played for the Randwick Kingfishers , Western Suburbs Magpies , Auckland Warriors , Melbourne Storm ( with whom he won the 1999 NRL Premiership ) , and Hull F.C . ( with whom he won the 2005 Challenge Cup ) . Kearney was previously the head coach of the New Zealand national team , with whom he won the 2008 World Cup and 2011 Four Nations tournaments . He also previously coached the Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League . Background . Kearney was born in Paraparaumu , New Zealand . Playing career . A Kapiti Bears junior , Kearney played for the Junior Kiwis between 1989 and 1991 , becoming the sides captain for the 1991 series against Great Britain . He made his senior début in 1991 for the Randwick Kingfishers and also played for Wellington that year . Randwick lost the Wellington Rugby League Grand Final 6–14 to the Wainuiomata Lions . Turning professional he moved to Australia to play for the Western Suburbs Magpies in 1992 in what is now the NSWRL Premiership . In 1993 he became the New Zealand national rugby league team youngest test captain , aged 21 . He left the Magpies at the end of 1994 , returning home to play for the Auckland Warriors in their inaugural season . At the end of that season he traveled to England to represent New Zealand in the 1995 World Cup . He missed the first test match against a re-unified Australian team in 1998 due to suspension . Kearney remained a Warrior until 1998 , when he moved to Australia to join the Melbourne Storm . In the Melbourne clubs second ever season Kearney played at second-row forward in their victory in the 1999 NRL Grand Final . Kearney was selected for the New Zealand team to compete in the end of season 1999 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament . In the final against Australia he played at second-row forward in the Kiwis 22–20 loss . Having won the 1999 Premiership , the Melbourne Storm traveled to England to contest the 2000 World Club Challenge against Super League Champions St Helens R.F.C. , with Kearney playing at second-row forward in the victory . In 2002 Kearney missed the series-deciding match against Great Britain as he had to rush back home to Melbourne to be with his sick five-year-old daughter , who needed emergency surgery . While captaining the Storm in 2004 , Kearney became the first New Zealand footballer to play 250 Australian first-grade matches . He also played his last test match for the Kiwis in 2004 , in a game that marked the début of Sonny Bill Williams . Kearney finished his playing career with English club Hull F.C . in the Super League competition , playing in their 2005 Challenge Cup-winning side . Coaching career . In 2006 Kearney retired from playing and returned to Australia to take up a role as assistant coach at his old club , the Melbourne Storm , under Craig Bellamy . In 2008 Kearney was appointed as the New Zealand national rugby league team head coach on a two-year contract . Kearney ( with assistant Wayne Bennett ) coached the Kiwis to their first World Cup win . On 22 November 2008 , they defeated Australia 34–20 in the final , at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane . Following this achievement , he was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit , for services to rugby league , in the 2009 Queens Birthday Honours . For the 2010 Anzac Test , Kearney coached New Zealand in their loss against Australia . In the 2010 post-season Kearney was announced as Daniel Andersons replacement as head coach of the Parramatta Eels for three years beginning in 2011 . Shortly after that , he took the Kiwis to victory in the 2010 Four Nations Final against Australia . In 2011 he failed to coach the Parramatta NRL team to any success , with the Eels achieving just 6 wins and 1 draw in 24 matches , and only just missing out on the wooden spoon when they beat the Gold Coast Titans in the last game of the regular season . Things didnt get any better for Kearney in the 2012 NRL season . With the Eels struggling in last place on the NRL ladder after 16 rounds , Melbourne Storms inaugural coach , and two time premiership winning coach Chris Anderson was appointed as a mentor to Stephen Kearney to help him turn the clubs fortunes around . However this did not eventuate and Kearney was forced to resign only three rounds later on 20 July , after achieving only 3 wins from 19 matches in the season . He left the Eels with just 10 wins from 42 matches , a very poor winning percentage of 24 percent . In October 2012 Kearney signed a 2-year contract as Brisbane Broncos assistant coach from 2013 . Kearney coached the holders , New Zealand in the 2013 World Cup where they were beaten in the final by Australia . In November 2014 , Kearney guided New Zealand to their second Four Nations championship , defeating Australia 22–18 in the final . In March 2015 , Kearney signed a new deal to remain as coach of the Kiwis until the conclusion of the 2017 Rugby League World Cup . At the end of 2015 , his 23 test wins as coach and five wins over Australia is the most out of any that has coached New Zealand in the past , in stark contrast to his record as an NRL head coach . On 12 September 2016 , Kearney stepped down from his role as coach of New Zealand after accepting a return to head coaching in the NRL as coach of the New Zealand Warriors on a three-year deal . He replaced Andrew McFadden who remained at the Warriors as his assistant . In his first season coaching the Warriors , 2017 , the team finished 13th on the table , after managing only 7 wins from their 24 games , a win percentage of 29% . In 2018 , however , Kearneys season started brightly , with the club winning their first 5 matches of the season , for the first time in the clubs history . Slipping slowly down the ladder through the season , from starting right at the top , they finally secured eighth spot , with 15 wins out of 24 , a 62% win percentage . They then crashed out of their first finals match since 2011 with a 27–12 loss to the Penrith Panthers at ANZ Stadium in Sydney . At the halfway point of the 2019 season , Kearneys Warriors had 4 wins from 12 starts , a 33% win percentage . Kearney signed a contract to extend his time as head coach of the Warriors until 2022 at the end of February 2019 . On 20 June 2020 , Kearney was sacked by the New Zealand Warriors , due to poor results , and was replaced by his assistant coach Todd Payten . Kearney returned to the Melbourne Storm for the 2021 NRL season , signing a one year deal as an assistant coach . Legacy . In 2007 Kearney was named in the Melbourne Storm team of the decade . In 2012 Kearney was named as one of the New Zealand Rugby Leagues Legends of League . Born in Wellington , he was also named in the Wellington Rugby Leagues Team of the Century . As part of their 20-year celebrations in 2018 , Melbourne Storm named Kearney part of their team of the Melbourne Storm Team for the first 20 years . External links . - New Zealand Warriors profile - Kiwi Player Profiles : Stephen Kearney - Stephen Kearney Player Profile at Hull - Article on Kapiti Bears website : Stephen Kearney - a role model for young Rugby League players .

easy

Which team did the player Stephen Kearney belong to from 1998 to 1999?

/wiki/Stephen_Kearney#P54#2

Stephen Kearney Stephen Peter Kearney ( born 11 June 1972 ) is a New Zealand professional rugby league football coach who until recently was the head coach of the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL and a former player . A New Zealand national captain and second-row forward , Kearneys club football career , which spanned from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s , was played for the Randwick Kingfishers , Western Suburbs Magpies , Auckland Warriors , Melbourne Storm ( with whom he won the 1999 NRL Premiership ) , and Hull F.C . ( with whom he won the 2005 Challenge Cup ) . Kearney was previously the head coach of the New Zealand national team , with whom he won the 2008 World Cup and 2011 Four Nations tournaments . He also previously coached the Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League . Background . Kearney was born in Paraparaumu , New Zealand . Playing career . A Kapiti Bears junior , Kearney played for the Junior Kiwis between 1989 and 1991 , becoming the sides captain for the 1991 series against Great Britain . He made his senior début in 1991 for the Randwick Kingfishers and also played for Wellington that year . Randwick lost the Wellington Rugby League Grand Final 6–14 to the Wainuiomata Lions . Turning professional he moved to Australia to play for the Western Suburbs Magpies in 1992 in what is now the NSWRL Premiership . In 1993 he became the New Zealand national rugby league team youngest test captain , aged 21 . He left the Magpies at the end of 1994 , returning home to play for the Auckland Warriors in their inaugural season . At the end of that season he traveled to England to represent New Zealand in the 1995 World Cup . He missed the first test match against a re-unified Australian team in 1998 due to suspension . Kearney remained a Warrior until 1998 , when he moved to Australia to join the Melbourne Storm . In the Melbourne clubs second ever season Kearney played at second-row forward in their victory in the 1999 NRL Grand Final . Kearney was selected for the New Zealand team to compete in the end of season 1999 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament . In the final against Australia he played at second-row forward in the Kiwis 22–20 loss . Having won the 1999 Premiership , the Melbourne Storm traveled to England to contest the 2000 World Club Challenge against Super League Champions St Helens R.F.C. , with Kearney playing at second-row forward in the victory . In 2002 Kearney missed the series-deciding match against Great Britain as he had to rush back home to Melbourne to be with his sick five-year-old daughter , who needed emergency surgery . While captaining the Storm in 2004 , Kearney became the first New Zealand footballer to play 250 Australian first-grade matches . He also played his last test match for the Kiwis in 2004 , in a game that marked the début of Sonny Bill Williams . Kearney finished his playing career with English club Hull F.C . in the Super League competition , playing in their 2005 Challenge Cup-winning side . Coaching career . In 2006 Kearney retired from playing and returned to Australia to take up a role as assistant coach at his old club , the Melbourne Storm , under Craig Bellamy . In 2008 Kearney was appointed as the New Zealand national rugby league team head coach on a two-year contract . Kearney ( with assistant Wayne Bennett ) coached the Kiwis to their first World Cup win . On 22 November 2008 , they defeated Australia 34–20 in the final , at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane . Following this achievement , he was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit , for services to rugby league , in the 2009 Queens Birthday Honours . For the 2010 Anzac Test , Kearney coached New Zealand in their loss against Australia . In the 2010 post-season Kearney was announced as Daniel Andersons replacement as head coach of the Parramatta Eels for three years beginning in 2011 . Shortly after that , he took the Kiwis to victory in the 2010 Four Nations Final against Australia . In 2011 he failed to coach the Parramatta NRL team to any success , with the Eels achieving just 6 wins and 1 draw in 24 matches , and only just missing out on the wooden spoon when they beat the Gold Coast Titans in the last game of the regular season . Things didnt get any better for Kearney in the 2012 NRL season . With the Eels struggling in last place on the NRL ladder after 16 rounds , Melbourne Storms inaugural coach , and two time premiership winning coach Chris Anderson was appointed as a mentor to Stephen Kearney to help him turn the clubs fortunes around . However this did not eventuate and Kearney was forced to resign only three rounds later on 20 July , after achieving only 3 wins from 19 matches in the season . He left the Eels with just 10 wins from 42 matches , a very poor winning percentage of 24 percent . In October 2012 Kearney signed a 2-year contract as Brisbane Broncos assistant coach from 2013 . Kearney coached the holders , New Zealand in the 2013 World Cup where they were beaten in the final by Australia . In November 2014 , Kearney guided New Zealand to their second Four Nations championship , defeating Australia 22–18 in the final . In March 2015 , Kearney signed a new deal to remain as coach of the Kiwis until the conclusion of the 2017 Rugby League World Cup . At the end of 2015 , his 23 test wins as coach and five wins over Australia is the most out of any that has coached New Zealand in the past , in stark contrast to his record as an NRL head coach . On 12 September 2016 , Kearney stepped down from his role as coach of New Zealand after accepting a return to head coaching in the NRL as coach of the New Zealand Warriors on a three-year deal . He replaced Andrew McFadden who remained at the Warriors as his assistant . In his first season coaching the Warriors , 2017 , the team finished 13th on the table , after managing only 7 wins from their 24 games , a win percentage of 29% . In 2018 , however , Kearneys season started brightly , with the club winning their first 5 matches of the season , for the first time in the clubs history . Slipping slowly down the ladder through the season , from starting right at the top , they finally secured eighth spot , with 15 wins out of 24 , a 62% win percentage . They then crashed out of their first finals match since 2011 with a 27–12 loss to the Penrith Panthers at ANZ Stadium in Sydney . At the halfway point of the 2019 season , Kearneys Warriors had 4 wins from 12 starts , a 33% win percentage . Kearney signed a contract to extend his time as head coach of the Warriors until 2022 at the end of February 2019 . On 20 June 2020 , Kearney was sacked by the New Zealand Warriors , due to poor results , and was replaced by his assistant coach Todd Payten . Kearney returned to the Melbourne Storm for the 2021 NRL season , signing a one year deal as an assistant coach . Legacy . In 2007 Kearney was named in the Melbourne Storm team of the decade . In 2012 Kearney was named as one of the New Zealand Rugby Leagues Legends of League . Born in Wellington , he was also named in the Wellington Rugby Leagues Team of the Century . As part of their 20-year celebrations in 2018 , Melbourne Storm named Kearney part of their team of the Melbourne Storm Team for the first 20 years . External links . - New Zealand Warriors profile - Kiwi Player Profiles : Stephen Kearney - Stephen Kearney Player Profile at Hull - Article on Kapiti Bears website : Stephen Kearney - a role model for young Rugby League players .

easy

Stephen Kearney played for which team from 1999 to 2004?

/wiki/Stephen_Kearney#P54#3

Stephen Kearney Stephen Peter Kearney ( born 11 June 1972 ) is a New Zealand professional rugby league football coach who until recently was the head coach of the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL and a former player . A New Zealand national captain and second-row forward , Kearneys club football career , which spanned from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s , was played for the Randwick Kingfishers , Western Suburbs Magpies , Auckland Warriors , Melbourne Storm ( with whom he won the 1999 NRL Premiership ) , and Hull F.C . ( with whom he won the 2005 Challenge Cup ) . Kearney was previously the head coach of the New Zealand national team , with whom he won the 2008 World Cup and 2011 Four Nations tournaments . He also previously coached the Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League . Background . Kearney was born in Paraparaumu , New Zealand . Playing career . A Kapiti Bears junior , Kearney played for the Junior Kiwis between 1989 and 1991 , becoming the sides captain for the 1991 series against Great Britain . He made his senior début in 1991 for the Randwick Kingfishers and also played for Wellington that year . Randwick lost the Wellington Rugby League Grand Final 6–14 to the Wainuiomata Lions . Turning professional he moved to Australia to play for the Western Suburbs Magpies in 1992 in what is now the NSWRL Premiership . In 1993 he became the New Zealand national rugby league team youngest test captain , aged 21 . He left the Magpies at the end of 1994 , returning home to play for the Auckland Warriors in their inaugural season . At the end of that season he traveled to England to represent New Zealand in the 1995 World Cup . He missed the first test match against a re-unified Australian team in 1998 due to suspension . Kearney remained a Warrior until 1998 , when he moved to Australia to join the Melbourne Storm . In the Melbourne clubs second ever season Kearney played at second-row forward in their victory in the 1999 NRL Grand Final . Kearney was selected for the New Zealand team to compete in the end of season 1999 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament . In the final against Australia he played at second-row forward in the Kiwis 22–20 loss . Having won the 1999 Premiership , the Melbourne Storm traveled to England to contest the 2000 World Club Challenge against Super League Champions St Helens R.F.C. , with Kearney playing at second-row forward in the victory . In 2002 Kearney missed the series-deciding match against Great Britain as he had to rush back home to Melbourne to be with his sick five-year-old daughter , who needed emergency surgery . While captaining the Storm in 2004 , Kearney became the first New Zealand footballer to play 250 Australian first-grade matches . He also played his last test match for the Kiwis in 2004 , in a game that marked the début of Sonny Bill Williams . Kearney finished his playing career with English club Hull F.C . in the Super League competition , playing in their 2005 Challenge Cup-winning side . Coaching career . In 2006 Kearney retired from playing and returned to Australia to take up a role as assistant coach at his old club , the Melbourne Storm , under Craig Bellamy . In 2008 Kearney was appointed as the New Zealand national rugby league team head coach on a two-year contract . Kearney ( with assistant Wayne Bennett ) coached the Kiwis to their first World Cup win . On 22 November 2008 , they defeated Australia 34–20 in the final , at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane . Following this achievement , he was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit , for services to rugby league , in the 2009 Queens Birthday Honours . For the 2010 Anzac Test , Kearney coached New Zealand in their loss against Australia . In the 2010 post-season Kearney was announced as Daniel Andersons replacement as head coach of the Parramatta Eels for three years beginning in 2011 . Shortly after that , he took the Kiwis to victory in the 2010 Four Nations Final against Australia . In 2011 he failed to coach the Parramatta NRL team to any success , with the Eels achieving just 6 wins and 1 draw in 24 matches , and only just missing out on the wooden spoon when they beat the Gold Coast Titans in the last game of the regular season . Things didnt get any better for Kearney in the 2012 NRL season . With the Eels struggling in last place on the NRL ladder after 16 rounds , Melbourne Storms inaugural coach , and two time premiership winning coach Chris Anderson was appointed as a mentor to Stephen Kearney to help him turn the clubs fortunes around . However this did not eventuate and Kearney was forced to resign only three rounds later on 20 July , after achieving only 3 wins from 19 matches in the season . He left the Eels with just 10 wins from 42 matches , a very poor winning percentage of 24 percent . In October 2012 Kearney signed a 2-year contract as Brisbane Broncos assistant coach from 2013 . Kearney coached the holders , New Zealand in the 2013 World Cup where they were beaten in the final by Australia . In November 2014 , Kearney guided New Zealand to their second Four Nations championship , defeating Australia 22–18 in the final . In March 2015 , Kearney signed a new deal to remain as coach of the Kiwis until the conclusion of the 2017 Rugby League World Cup . At the end of 2015 , his 23 test wins as coach and five wins over Australia is the most out of any that has coached New Zealand in the past , in stark contrast to his record as an NRL head coach . On 12 September 2016 , Kearney stepped down from his role as coach of New Zealand after accepting a return to head coaching in the NRL as coach of the New Zealand Warriors on a three-year deal . He replaced Andrew McFadden who remained at the Warriors as his assistant . In his first season coaching the Warriors , 2017 , the team finished 13th on the table , after managing only 7 wins from their 24 games , a win percentage of 29% . In 2018 , however , Kearneys season started brightly , with the club winning their first 5 matches of the season , for the first time in the clubs history . Slipping slowly down the ladder through the season , from starting right at the top , they finally secured eighth spot , with 15 wins out of 24 , a 62% win percentage . They then crashed out of their first finals match since 2011 with a 27–12 loss to the Penrith Panthers at ANZ Stadium in Sydney . At the halfway point of the 2019 season , Kearneys Warriors had 4 wins from 12 starts , a 33% win percentage . Kearney signed a contract to extend his time as head coach of the Warriors until 2022 at the end of February 2019 . On 20 June 2020 , Kearney was sacked by the New Zealand Warriors , due to poor results , and was replaced by his assistant coach Todd Payten . Kearney returned to the Melbourne Storm for the 2021 NRL season , signing a one year deal as an assistant coach . Legacy . In 2007 Kearney was named in the Melbourne Storm team of the decade . In 2012 Kearney was named as one of the New Zealand Rugby Leagues Legends of League . Born in Wellington , he was also named in the Wellington Rugby Leagues Team of the Century . As part of their 20-year celebrations in 2018 , Melbourne Storm named Kearney part of their team of the Melbourne Storm Team for the first 20 years . External links . - New Zealand Warriors profile - Kiwi Player Profiles : Stephen Kearney - Stephen Kearney Player Profile at Hull - Article on Kapiti Bears website : Stephen Kearney - a role model for young Rugby League players .

easy

Which team did Darren Powell play for from 1997 to 1998?

/wiki/Darren_Powell#P54#0

Darren Powell Darren David Powell ( born 10 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer who played as a centre back . During his playing career , he appeared over 250 times in the Football League and Premier League . Powell was known as a tough-tackling centre-back . Following his retirement , Powell moved to coaching and managing Hampton & Richmond Borough before taking over as an academy coach for Crystal Palace . Football career . Brentford . Powell began his career with Hampton , where he quickly established himself in the starting eleven for the side . His performance attracted interests from Stevenage and Hayes before he joined Brentford for £15,000 . Powell made his debut for Brentford , where he played the whole game , in a 3–0 win over Mansfield Town . He started well for the side at the beginning of the season , winning five out of the six matches by the end of August , including scoring his first goal for the side , in a 2–1 win over Rochdale . He was later in the squad for Brentford when he helped the club win the Division Two by four points . At the end of the 1998–99 season , Powell had made 37 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . For his performances , he was named the clubs Player of the Year . In the 1999–00 season , Powell continued to be a first team regular . He then scored his first goal for the club , in a 2–0 win over Luton Town on 16 September 1999 . A month later , on 16 October 1999 , Powell scored again , in a 2–0 win over Oxford United . He spent the rest of the 1999–00 season , as a first team regular and went on to make 43 appearances , scoring three times in all competitions . However , in the 2000–01 season , Powell suffered a hamstring injury that saw him sidelined until January . On his return from injury , he was sent–off on his first appearance on 13 January 2001 , in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers . After returning , he regained his first team place for the side . On 21 March 2001 , Powell was sent–off for the second time that season , in a 2–1 win over Southend United , which saw Brentford go through to the LDV Final following a 4–2 on aggregate . This was followed up by scoring his first goal of the season , in a 1–0 win over Wrexham on 31 March 2001 . However , in the Football League Trophy Final against Port Vale , Powell played the whole game , in a 2–1 loss . At the end of the 2000–01 season , he had made 22 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2001–02 season , Powell retained his first team place for the side despite being linked with a move away from the club . On 18 September 2001 , he scored his first goal of the season , in a 2–2 draw against Bristol Rovers . Powell then captained Brentford for the first time in his career following the absence of Paul Evans , as the club lost 1–0 against Northampton Town . During a 0–0 draw against Chesterfield on 12 March 2002 , he tore his hamstring early in the first half and was substituted as a result . Powell returned to the first team on 6 April 2002 , in a 3–0 win over Huddersfield Town . On 1 May 2002 , he scored his second goal of the season , in a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town to help Brentford reach the Second Division play-off final at the Millennium Stadium , where they lost 2–0 to Stoke City . At the end of the 2001–02 season , Powell had made 48 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . During his time at Brentford , Powell made 150 appearances and scored eight times in all competitions . Crystal Palace . In the summer transfer window of 2002 , it was expected that Powell would stay at Brentford for the 2002–03 season . However , in August , he signed for Crystal Palace for £400,000 , having previously been targeted by Manager Trevor Francis . Powell made his Crystal Palace debut in the opening game of the season against Preston North End , starting and scoring the first goal , in a 2–1 win . From the start of the season , he established himself in the starting eleven . On 10 September 2002 , Powell scored again in the first round of the League Cup , in a 2–1 win over Plymouth Argyle . Despite being sidelined on numerous occasions during the 2002–03 season , Powell went on to make 46 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . In the 2003–04 season , Powell was initially an integral part of the team , but was subsequently plagued with injuries . Powell was also suspended when he received a second bookable offence , in a 1–1 draw against Derby County on 14 October 2003 . While on the sidelines , Powell was close to joining Palaces Division One rivals , Reading , but the transfer move broke down , citing a failed medical , as well as , manager Iain Dowies desire to keep him . After seven months away from the first team , he returned to training . Powell made his first appearance from injury on 14 May 2004 , where he came on as a late substitute , in a 3–2 win over Sunderland . Powell then scored in the dying seconds of Palaces Play-off semi-final second-leg game , at Sunderland taking the score on the night to a 2–1 defeat , but the aggregate score to 4–4 . Palace won on penalties and were promoted to the Premiership , following a play-off final win over West Ham . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Powell had made 15 appearance , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2004–05 season , however , Powell found himself dropping down the pecking order in the clubs first team and having limited game time , only appearing three times in the League Cup . On 20 November 2004 , he spent a month on loan to West Ham United . His debut came on 24 November 2004 against rivals Millwall , where he played the whole game , in a 1–0 loss . In a follow up match against Watford , Powell scored his only goal for the club , in a 3–2 win . After the spell at West Ham United , Powell returned to his parent club , Crystal Palace . Upon returning to Crystal Palace , Powell made his first Premier League appearance , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Aston Villa on 3 January 2005 . In a follow up match against Manchester City on 15 January 2005 , he scored his first Premier League goal , in a 3–1 loss . However , injuries plagued him once again , as the club were relegated to the Championship at the end of the season . At the end of the 2004–05 season , Powell had made 10 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . However , Powell was released by the club . Southampton . In July 2005 , he was out of contract and signed for Harry Redknapp at Southampton on a Bosman free transfer . Powell made his Southampton debut , where he played the whole game in a centre–back partnership with Tomasz Hajto , in a 0–0 draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers . He then helped the Saints keep three clean sheets during August against Sheffield Wednesday , Norwich City and Crewe Alexandra . On joining the club , he quickly became a first team regular . Powells first goal for Southampton was against Ipswich Town on 13 September 2005 . He started in every match until he was hit with a three match suspension following his foul on Readings Kevin Doyle . It was not until 22 November 2005 , that he returned to the starting lineup after a month away , in a 1–1 draw against Hull City . However , Powell soon lost his first team place following the appointment of George Burley , as well as , his own injury concerns . At the end of the 2005–06 season , Powell had made 26 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2006–07 season , Powell , was sidelined until the end of the year . While on the sidelines , Powell was the subject of a transfer bid from Leeds United , which was rejected by the club . He did not make his return to the first team until 6 January 2007 , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Torquay United in the first round of the FA Cup . This was followed by keeping another two clean sheets against Burnley and Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell was once again sidelined with another injury that kept him out throughout February . Once again , Powell helped the side keep two clean sheets in a row against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Luton Town between 31 March 2007 and 7 April 2007 . Following this , Powell was incurred an injury that ultimately ruled him out for the rest of the season . At the end of the 2006–07 season , Powell had made ten appearances . In the 2007–08 season , Powell missed the first three matches , due to suspension . His suspension came after he was sent–off for violent conduct after reacting angrily to a heavy challenge from Phil Mulryne , in the clubs win at Bournemouth the previous month . After serving a three-match suspension , he made his return to the first team against Stoke City on 25 August 2007 , in a 3–2 win . His return , was short–lived though , as he suffered an ankle injury during the match . After returning to training from injury in early–December , Powell did not make his return to the first team until 29 December 2007 , where he came on as a second–half substitute , in a 2–2 draw against Barnsley . After being sidelined on three separate occasions throughout January , Powell scored his second goal for the club with a first minute tap in from Adam Hammills cross in a 3–2 home defeat to Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell continued to be plagued with injuries towards the end of the season . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Powell had made thirteen appearances , scoring once in all competitions . After three years of failing to establish himself in the first team due to a run of minor injuries , returning chairman Rupert Lowe decided not to renew Powells contract . Derby County . He trained with Charlton Athletic whilst searching for a club and was handed a trial at Derby County in November 2008 . On 21 November 2008 , Powell signed an initial two-month contract for Derby , and made his debut in the 2–0 defeat to Ipswich Town a day later . However , Powell was released by Derby on 21 January 2009 , after new manager Nigel Clough decided against extending his contract , Powell played eight times for the club . Brentford ( second spell ) . On 11 March 2009 , Powell joined Leeds United on a trial basis . However , after making two reserve appearances , the club decided against offering him a contract . He re-signed for his first professional club , Brentford , on 21 March 2009 on a contract until the end of the season . Powell made his second Brentford debut on 28 March 2009 , where he came on as a late substitute and received a positive reception from Brentford supporters , in a 1–1 draw against Gillingham . He managed only a handful of appearances before being sent–off on 14 April 2009 , in a 1–0 win over Bournemouth following an altercation with teammate Karleigh Osborne . Powell never played for the side again ; he had made four appearances and was released at the end of the season . Milton Keynes Dons . On 7 August 2009 , Powell agreed a one-year contract with League One team Milton Keynes Dons . He played his first game for the club in a 0–0 draw against Hartlepool United on 8 August 2009 . Powell was involved in the next two matches against Swindon Town and Tranmere Rovers , where the team kept two clean sheets . He became a first team regular at the club , under the management of Paul Ince . Then , on 3 October 2009 , Powell played a vital role when he set up the only goal of the game , in a 1–0 win over Brighton & Hove Albion . However , he was plagued by injuries during the season . At the end of the 2009–10 season , Powell had made twenty–seven appearances , scoring once in all competitions . Along with three other players , he was released by MK Dons at the end of his contract on 30 June 2010 . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In January 2012 , Hampton & Richmond Borough Chairman Steve McPherson claimed that Powell was close to making a comeback with the club . a move which was confirmed on 27 January . He made his second debut for the club the next day coming off the bench at half time in a 2–2 draw away to Havant & Waterlooville . However , he was plagued by injuries during his time at the club . He made 15 appearances for the side and subsequently announced his retirement from playing . Coaching career . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In April 2013 , Powell and first-team coach Paul Barry took charge of Hampton & Richmond Borough , now in the Isthmian League Premier Division , on a caretaker basis until the end of the season after manager Mark Harper resigned his position . The pair were installed as the permanent management team in May 2013 . The pair helped the side go nine matches unbeaten between 3 December 2013 and 21 January 2014 . At the end of the 2013–14 season , the side finished in twelfth place in the league . The club went on to win the Middlesex Senior Cup after beating Wealdstone 3–2 . However , a poor start to the 2014–15 season saw Powell sacked along with Barry after Hampton & Richmond lost 3–2 to VCD Athletic in the FA Cup Qualifying Round on 13 September 2014 . After leaving the club , Powell enrolled on the Elite Coaches Apprenticeship Scheme and acquired his A Licence . Crystal Palace . On 24 February 2015 , Powell joined the academy coaching team at Crystal Palace . Honours . Brentford - Football League Third Division : 1998–99 - Football League Two : 2008–09 Crystal Palace - Football League First Division play-offs : 2004 Individual - Brentford Supporters Player of the Year : 1998–99

easy

Which team did the player Darren Powell belong to from 1998 to 2002?

/wiki/Darren_Powell#P54#1

Darren Powell Darren David Powell ( born 10 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer who played as a centre back . During his playing career , he appeared over 250 times in the Football League and Premier League . Powell was known as a tough-tackling centre-back . Following his retirement , Powell moved to coaching and managing Hampton & Richmond Borough before taking over as an academy coach for Crystal Palace . Football career . Brentford . Powell began his career with Hampton , where he quickly established himself in the starting eleven for the side . His performance attracted interests from Stevenage and Hayes before he joined Brentford for £15,000 . Powell made his debut for Brentford , where he played the whole game , in a 3–0 win over Mansfield Town . He started well for the side at the beginning of the season , winning five out of the six matches by the end of August , including scoring his first goal for the side , in a 2–1 win over Rochdale . He was later in the squad for Brentford when he helped the club win the Division Two by four points . At the end of the 1998–99 season , Powell had made 37 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . For his performances , he was named the clubs Player of the Year . In the 1999–00 season , Powell continued to be a first team regular . He then scored his first goal for the club , in a 2–0 win over Luton Town on 16 September 1999 . A month later , on 16 October 1999 , Powell scored again , in a 2–0 win over Oxford United . He spent the rest of the 1999–00 season , as a first team regular and went on to make 43 appearances , scoring three times in all competitions . However , in the 2000–01 season , Powell suffered a hamstring injury that saw him sidelined until January . On his return from injury , he was sent–off on his first appearance on 13 January 2001 , in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers . After returning , he regained his first team place for the side . On 21 March 2001 , Powell was sent–off for the second time that season , in a 2–1 win over Southend United , which saw Brentford go through to the LDV Final following a 4–2 on aggregate . This was followed up by scoring his first goal of the season , in a 1–0 win over Wrexham on 31 March 2001 . However , in the Football League Trophy Final against Port Vale , Powell played the whole game , in a 2–1 loss . At the end of the 2000–01 season , he had made 22 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2001–02 season , Powell retained his first team place for the side despite being linked with a move away from the club . On 18 September 2001 , he scored his first goal of the season , in a 2–2 draw against Bristol Rovers . Powell then captained Brentford for the first time in his career following the absence of Paul Evans , as the club lost 1–0 against Northampton Town . During a 0–0 draw against Chesterfield on 12 March 2002 , he tore his hamstring early in the first half and was substituted as a result . Powell returned to the first team on 6 April 2002 , in a 3–0 win over Huddersfield Town . On 1 May 2002 , he scored his second goal of the season , in a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town to help Brentford reach the Second Division play-off final at the Millennium Stadium , where they lost 2–0 to Stoke City . At the end of the 2001–02 season , Powell had made 48 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . During his time at Brentford , Powell made 150 appearances and scored eight times in all competitions . Crystal Palace . In the summer transfer window of 2002 , it was expected that Powell would stay at Brentford for the 2002–03 season . However , in August , he signed for Crystal Palace for £400,000 , having previously been targeted by Manager Trevor Francis . Powell made his Crystal Palace debut in the opening game of the season against Preston North End , starting and scoring the first goal , in a 2–1 win . From the start of the season , he established himself in the starting eleven . On 10 September 2002 , Powell scored again in the first round of the League Cup , in a 2–1 win over Plymouth Argyle . Despite being sidelined on numerous occasions during the 2002–03 season , Powell went on to make 46 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . In the 2003–04 season , Powell was initially an integral part of the team , but was subsequently plagued with injuries . Powell was also suspended when he received a second bookable offence , in a 1–1 draw against Derby County on 14 October 2003 . While on the sidelines , Powell was close to joining Palaces Division One rivals , Reading , but the transfer move broke down , citing a failed medical , as well as , manager Iain Dowies desire to keep him . After seven months away from the first team , he returned to training . Powell made his first appearance from injury on 14 May 2004 , where he came on as a late substitute , in a 3–2 win over Sunderland . Powell then scored in the dying seconds of Palaces Play-off semi-final second-leg game , at Sunderland taking the score on the night to a 2–1 defeat , but the aggregate score to 4–4 . Palace won on penalties and were promoted to the Premiership , following a play-off final win over West Ham . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Powell had made 15 appearance , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2004–05 season , however , Powell found himself dropping down the pecking order in the clubs first team and having limited game time , only appearing three times in the League Cup . On 20 November 2004 , he spent a month on loan to West Ham United . His debut came on 24 November 2004 against rivals Millwall , where he played the whole game , in a 1–0 loss . In a follow up match against Watford , Powell scored his only goal for the club , in a 3–2 win . After the spell at West Ham United , Powell returned to his parent club , Crystal Palace . Upon returning to Crystal Palace , Powell made his first Premier League appearance , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Aston Villa on 3 January 2005 . In a follow up match against Manchester City on 15 January 2005 , he scored his first Premier League goal , in a 3–1 loss . However , injuries plagued him once again , as the club were relegated to the Championship at the end of the season . At the end of the 2004–05 season , Powell had made 10 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . However , Powell was released by the club . Southampton . In July 2005 , he was out of contract and signed for Harry Redknapp at Southampton on a Bosman free transfer . Powell made his Southampton debut , where he played the whole game in a centre–back partnership with Tomasz Hajto , in a 0–0 draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers . He then helped the Saints keep three clean sheets during August against Sheffield Wednesday , Norwich City and Crewe Alexandra . On joining the club , he quickly became a first team regular . Powells first goal for Southampton was against Ipswich Town on 13 September 2005 . He started in every match until he was hit with a three match suspension following his foul on Readings Kevin Doyle . It was not until 22 November 2005 , that he returned to the starting lineup after a month away , in a 1–1 draw against Hull City . However , Powell soon lost his first team place following the appointment of George Burley , as well as , his own injury concerns . At the end of the 2005–06 season , Powell had made 26 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2006–07 season , Powell , was sidelined until the end of the year . While on the sidelines , Powell was the subject of a transfer bid from Leeds United , which was rejected by the club . He did not make his return to the first team until 6 January 2007 , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Torquay United in the first round of the FA Cup . This was followed by keeping another two clean sheets against Burnley and Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell was once again sidelined with another injury that kept him out throughout February . Once again , Powell helped the side keep two clean sheets in a row against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Luton Town between 31 March 2007 and 7 April 2007 . Following this , Powell was incurred an injury that ultimately ruled him out for the rest of the season . At the end of the 2006–07 season , Powell had made ten appearances . In the 2007–08 season , Powell missed the first three matches , due to suspension . His suspension came after he was sent–off for violent conduct after reacting angrily to a heavy challenge from Phil Mulryne , in the clubs win at Bournemouth the previous month . After serving a three-match suspension , he made his return to the first team against Stoke City on 25 August 2007 , in a 3–2 win . His return , was short–lived though , as he suffered an ankle injury during the match . After returning to training from injury in early–December , Powell did not make his return to the first team until 29 December 2007 , where he came on as a second–half substitute , in a 2–2 draw against Barnsley . After being sidelined on three separate occasions throughout January , Powell scored his second goal for the club with a first minute tap in from Adam Hammills cross in a 3–2 home defeat to Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell continued to be plagued with injuries towards the end of the season . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Powell had made thirteen appearances , scoring once in all competitions . After three years of failing to establish himself in the first team due to a run of minor injuries , returning chairman Rupert Lowe decided not to renew Powells contract . Derby County . He trained with Charlton Athletic whilst searching for a club and was handed a trial at Derby County in November 2008 . On 21 November 2008 , Powell signed an initial two-month contract for Derby , and made his debut in the 2–0 defeat to Ipswich Town a day later . However , Powell was released by Derby on 21 January 2009 , after new manager Nigel Clough decided against extending his contract , Powell played eight times for the club . Brentford ( second spell ) . On 11 March 2009 , Powell joined Leeds United on a trial basis . However , after making two reserve appearances , the club decided against offering him a contract . He re-signed for his first professional club , Brentford , on 21 March 2009 on a contract until the end of the season . Powell made his second Brentford debut on 28 March 2009 , where he came on as a late substitute and received a positive reception from Brentford supporters , in a 1–1 draw against Gillingham . He managed only a handful of appearances before being sent–off on 14 April 2009 , in a 1–0 win over Bournemouth following an altercation with teammate Karleigh Osborne . Powell never played for the side again ; he had made four appearances and was released at the end of the season . Milton Keynes Dons . On 7 August 2009 , Powell agreed a one-year contract with League One team Milton Keynes Dons . He played his first game for the club in a 0–0 draw against Hartlepool United on 8 August 2009 . Powell was involved in the next two matches against Swindon Town and Tranmere Rovers , where the team kept two clean sheets . He became a first team regular at the club , under the management of Paul Ince . Then , on 3 October 2009 , Powell played a vital role when he set up the only goal of the game , in a 1–0 win over Brighton & Hove Albion . However , he was plagued by injuries during the season . At the end of the 2009–10 season , Powell had made twenty–seven appearances , scoring once in all competitions . Along with three other players , he was released by MK Dons at the end of his contract on 30 June 2010 . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In January 2012 , Hampton & Richmond Borough Chairman Steve McPherson claimed that Powell was close to making a comeback with the club . a move which was confirmed on 27 January . He made his second debut for the club the next day coming off the bench at half time in a 2–2 draw away to Havant & Waterlooville . However , he was plagued by injuries during his time at the club . He made 15 appearances for the side and subsequently announced his retirement from playing . Coaching career . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In April 2013 , Powell and first-team coach Paul Barry took charge of Hampton & Richmond Borough , now in the Isthmian League Premier Division , on a caretaker basis until the end of the season after manager Mark Harper resigned his position . The pair were installed as the permanent management team in May 2013 . The pair helped the side go nine matches unbeaten between 3 December 2013 and 21 January 2014 . At the end of the 2013–14 season , the side finished in twelfth place in the league . The club went on to win the Middlesex Senior Cup after beating Wealdstone 3–2 . However , a poor start to the 2014–15 season saw Powell sacked along with Barry after Hampton & Richmond lost 3–2 to VCD Athletic in the FA Cup Qualifying Round on 13 September 2014 . After leaving the club , Powell enrolled on the Elite Coaches Apprenticeship Scheme and acquired his A Licence . Crystal Palace . On 24 February 2015 , Powell joined the academy coaching team at Crystal Palace . Honours . Brentford - Football League Third Division : 1998–99 - Football League Two : 2008–09 Crystal Palace - Football League First Division play-offs : 2004 Individual - Brentford Supporters Player of the Year : 1998–99

easy

Which team did the player Darren Powell belong to from 2002 to 2005?

/wiki/Darren_Powell#P54#2

Darren Powell Darren David Powell ( born 10 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer who played as a centre back . During his playing career , he appeared over 250 times in the Football League and Premier League . Powell was known as a tough-tackling centre-back . Following his retirement , Powell moved to coaching and managing Hampton & Richmond Borough before taking over as an academy coach for Crystal Palace . Football career . Brentford . Powell began his career with Hampton , where he quickly established himself in the starting eleven for the side . His performance attracted interests from Stevenage and Hayes before he joined Brentford for £15,000 . Powell made his debut for Brentford , where he played the whole game , in a 3–0 win over Mansfield Town . He started well for the side at the beginning of the season , winning five out of the six matches by the end of August , including scoring his first goal for the side , in a 2–1 win over Rochdale . He was later in the squad for Brentford when he helped the club win the Division Two by four points . At the end of the 1998–99 season , Powell had made 37 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . For his performances , he was named the clubs Player of the Year . In the 1999–00 season , Powell continued to be a first team regular . He then scored his first goal for the club , in a 2–0 win over Luton Town on 16 September 1999 . A month later , on 16 October 1999 , Powell scored again , in a 2–0 win over Oxford United . He spent the rest of the 1999–00 season , as a first team regular and went on to make 43 appearances , scoring three times in all competitions . However , in the 2000–01 season , Powell suffered a hamstring injury that saw him sidelined until January . On his return from injury , he was sent–off on his first appearance on 13 January 2001 , in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers . After returning , he regained his first team place for the side . On 21 March 2001 , Powell was sent–off for the second time that season , in a 2–1 win over Southend United , which saw Brentford go through to the LDV Final following a 4–2 on aggregate . This was followed up by scoring his first goal of the season , in a 1–0 win over Wrexham on 31 March 2001 . However , in the Football League Trophy Final against Port Vale , Powell played the whole game , in a 2–1 loss . At the end of the 2000–01 season , he had made 22 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2001–02 season , Powell retained his first team place for the side despite being linked with a move away from the club . On 18 September 2001 , he scored his first goal of the season , in a 2–2 draw against Bristol Rovers . Powell then captained Brentford for the first time in his career following the absence of Paul Evans , as the club lost 1–0 against Northampton Town . During a 0–0 draw against Chesterfield on 12 March 2002 , he tore his hamstring early in the first half and was substituted as a result . Powell returned to the first team on 6 April 2002 , in a 3–0 win over Huddersfield Town . On 1 May 2002 , he scored his second goal of the season , in a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town to help Brentford reach the Second Division play-off final at the Millennium Stadium , where they lost 2–0 to Stoke City . At the end of the 2001–02 season , Powell had made 48 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . During his time at Brentford , Powell made 150 appearances and scored eight times in all competitions . Crystal Palace . In the summer transfer window of 2002 , it was expected that Powell would stay at Brentford for the 2002–03 season . However , in August , he signed for Crystal Palace for £400,000 , having previously been targeted by Manager Trevor Francis . Powell made his Crystal Palace debut in the opening game of the season against Preston North End , starting and scoring the first goal , in a 2–1 win . From the start of the season , he established himself in the starting eleven . On 10 September 2002 , Powell scored again in the first round of the League Cup , in a 2–1 win over Plymouth Argyle . Despite being sidelined on numerous occasions during the 2002–03 season , Powell went on to make 46 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . In the 2003–04 season , Powell was initially an integral part of the team , but was subsequently plagued with injuries . Powell was also suspended when he received a second bookable offence , in a 1–1 draw against Derby County on 14 October 2003 . While on the sidelines , Powell was close to joining Palaces Division One rivals , Reading , but the transfer move broke down , citing a failed medical , as well as , manager Iain Dowies desire to keep him . After seven months away from the first team , he returned to training . Powell made his first appearance from injury on 14 May 2004 , where he came on as a late substitute , in a 3–2 win over Sunderland . Powell then scored in the dying seconds of Palaces Play-off semi-final second-leg game , at Sunderland taking the score on the night to a 2–1 defeat , but the aggregate score to 4–4 . Palace won on penalties and were promoted to the Premiership , following a play-off final win over West Ham . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Powell had made 15 appearance , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2004–05 season , however , Powell found himself dropping down the pecking order in the clubs first team and having limited game time , only appearing three times in the League Cup . On 20 November 2004 , he spent a month on loan to West Ham United . His debut came on 24 November 2004 against rivals Millwall , where he played the whole game , in a 1–0 loss . In a follow up match against Watford , Powell scored his only goal for the club , in a 3–2 win . After the spell at West Ham United , Powell returned to his parent club , Crystal Palace . Upon returning to Crystal Palace , Powell made his first Premier League appearance , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Aston Villa on 3 January 2005 . In a follow up match against Manchester City on 15 January 2005 , he scored his first Premier League goal , in a 3–1 loss . However , injuries plagued him once again , as the club were relegated to the Championship at the end of the season . At the end of the 2004–05 season , Powell had made 10 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . However , Powell was released by the club . Southampton . In July 2005 , he was out of contract and signed for Harry Redknapp at Southampton on a Bosman free transfer . Powell made his Southampton debut , where he played the whole game in a centre–back partnership with Tomasz Hajto , in a 0–0 draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers . He then helped the Saints keep three clean sheets during August against Sheffield Wednesday , Norwich City and Crewe Alexandra . On joining the club , he quickly became a first team regular . Powells first goal for Southampton was against Ipswich Town on 13 September 2005 . He started in every match until he was hit with a three match suspension following his foul on Readings Kevin Doyle . It was not until 22 November 2005 , that he returned to the starting lineup after a month away , in a 1–1 draw against Hull City . However , Powell soon lost his first team place following the appointment of George Burley , as well as , his own injury concerns . At the end of the 2005–06 season , Powell had made 26 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2006–07 season , Powell , was sidelined until the end of the year . While on the sidelines , Powell was the subject of a transfer bid from Leeds United , which was rejected by the club . He did not make his return to the first team until 6 January 2007 , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Torquay United in the first round of the FA Cup . This was followed by keeping another two clean sheets against Burnley and Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell was once again sidelined with another injury that kept him out throughout February . Once again , Powell helped the side keep two clean sheets in a row against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Luton Town between 31 March 2007 and 7 April 2007 . Following this , Powell was incurred an injury that ultimately ruled him out for the rest of the season . At the end of the 2006–07 season , Powell had made ten appearances . In the 2007–08 season , Powell missed the first three matches , due to suspension . His suspension came after he was sent–off for violent conduct after reacting angrily to a heavy challenge from Phil Mulryne , in the clubs win at Bournemouth the previous month . After serving a three-match suspension , he made his return to the first team against Stoke City on 25 August 2007 , in a 3–2 win . His return , was short–lived though , as he suffered an ankle injury during the match . After returning to training from injury in early–December , Powell did not make his return to the first team until 29 December 2007 , where he came on as a second–half substitute , in a 2–2 draw against Barnsley . After being sidelined on three separate occasions throughout January , Powell scored his second goal for the club with a first minute tap in from Adam Hammills cross in a 3–2 home defeat to Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell continued to be plagued with injuries towards the end of the season . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Powell had made thirteen appearances , scoring once in all competitions . After three years of failing to establish himself in the first team due to a run of minor injuries , returning chairman Rupert Lowe decided not to renew Powells contract . Derby County . He trained with Charlton Athletic whilst searching for a club and was handed a trial at Derby County in November 2008 . On 21 November 2008 , Powell signed an initial two-month contract for Derby , and made his debut in the 2–0 defeat to Ipswich Town a day later . However , Powell was released by Derby on 21 January 2009 , after new manager Nigel Clough decided against extending his contract , Powell played eight times for the club . Brentford ( second spell ) . On 11 March 2009 , Powell joined Leeds United on a trial basis . However , after making two reserve appearances , the club decided against offering him a contract . He re-signed for his first professional club , Brentford , on 21 March 2009 on a contract until the end of the season . Powell made his second Brentford debut on 28 March 2009 , where he came on as a late substitute and received a positive reception from Brentford supporters , in a 1–1 draw against Gillingham . He managed only a handful of appearances before being sent–off on 14 April 2009 , in a 1–0 win over Bournemouth following an altercation with teammate Karleigh Osborne . Powell never played for the side again ; he had made four appearances and was released at the end of the season . Milton Keynes Dons . On 7 August 2009 , Powell agreed a one-year contract with League One team Milton Keynes Dons . He played his first game for the club in a 0–0 draw against Hartlepool United on 8 August 2009 . Powell was involved in the next two matches against Swindon Town and Tranmere Rovers , where the team kept two clean sheets . He became a first team regular at the club , under the management of Paul Ince . Then , on 3 October 2009 , Powell played a vital role when he set up the only goal of the game , in a 1–0 win over Brighton & Hove Albion . However , he was plagued by injuries during the season . At the end of the 2009–10 season , Powell had made twenty–seven appearances , scoring once in all competitions . Along with three other players , he was released by MK Dons at the end of his contract on 30 June 2010 . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In January 2012 , Hampton & Richmond Borough Chairman Steve McPherson claimed that Powell was close to making a comeback with the club . a move which was confirmed on 27 January . He made his second debut for the club the next day coming off the bench at half time in a 2–2 draw away to Havant & Waterlooville . However , he was plagued by injuries during his time at the club . He made 15 appearances for the side and subsequently announced his retirement from playing . Coaching career . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In April 2013 , Powell and first-team coach Paul Barry took charge of Hampton & Richmond Borough , now in the Isthmian League Premier Division , on a caretaker basis until the end of the season after manager Mark Harper resigned his position . The pair were installed as the permanent management team in May 2013 . The pair helped the side go nine matches unbeaten between 3 December 2013 and 21 January 2014 . At the end of the 2013–14 season , the side finished in twelfth place in the league . The club went on to win the Middlesex Senior Cup after beating Wealdstone 3–2 . However , a poor start to the 2014–15 season saw Powell sacked along with Barry after Hampton & Richmond lost 3–2 to VCD Athletic in the FA Cup Qualifying Round on 13 September 2014 . After leaving the club , Powell enrolled on the Elite Coaches Apprenticeship Scheme and acquired his A Licence . Crystal Palace . On 24 February 2015 , Powell joined the academy coaching team at Crystal Palace . Honours . Brentford - Football League Third Division : 1998–99 - Football League Two : 2008–09 Crystal Palace - Football League First Division play-offs : 2004 Individual - Brentford Supporters Player of the Year : 1998–99

easy

Which team did Darren Powell play for from 2005 to 2008?

/wiki/Darren_Powell#P54#3

Darren Powell Darren David Powell ( born 10 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer who played as a centre back . During his playing career , he appeared over 250 times in the Football League and Premier League . Powell was known as a tough-tackling centre-back . Following his retirement , Powell moved to coaching and managing Hampton & Richmond Borough before taking over as an academy coach for Crystal Palace . Football career . Brentford . Powell began his career with Hampton , where he quickly established himself in the starting eleven for the side . His performance attracted interests from Stevenage and Hayes before he joined Brentford for £15,000 . Powell made his debut for Brentford , where he played the whole game , in a 3–0 win over Mansfield Town . He started well for the side at the beginning of the season , winning five out of the six matches by the end of August , including scoring his first goal for the side , in a 2–1 win over Rochdale . He was later in the squad for Brentford when he helped the club win the Division Two by four points . At the end of the 1998–99 season , Powell had made 37 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . For his performances , he was named the clubs Player of the Year . In the 1999–00 season , Powell continued to be a first team regular . He then scored his first goal for the club , in a 2–0 win over Luton Town on 16 September 1999 . A month later , on 16 October 1999 , Powell scored again , in a 2–0 win over Oxford United . He spent the rest of the 1999–00 season , as a first team regular and went on to make 43 appearances , scoring three times in all competitions . However , in the 2000–01 season , Powell suffered a hamstring injury that saw him sidelined until January . On his return from injury , he was sent–off on his first appearance on 13 January 2001 , in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers . After returning , he regained his first team place for the side . On 21 March 2001 , Powell was sent–off for the second time that season , in a 2–1 win over Southend United , which saw Brentford go through to the LDV Final following a 4–2 on aggregate . This was followed up by scoring his first goal of the season , in a 1–0 win over Wrexham on 31 March 2001 . However , in the Football League Trophy Final against Port Vale , Powell played the whole game , in a 2–1 loss . At the end of the 2000–01 season , he had made 22 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2001–02 season , Powell retained his first team place for the side despite being linked with a move away from the club . On 18 September 2001 , he scored his first goal of the season , in a 2–2 draw against Bristol Rovers . Powell then captained Brentford for the first time in his career following the absence of Paul Evans , as the club lost 1–0 against Northampton Town . During a 0–0 draw against Chesterfield on 12 March 2002 , he tore his hamstring early in the first half and was substituted as a result . Powell returned to the first team on 6 April 2002 , in a 3–0 win over Huddersfield Town . On 1 May 2002 , he scored his second goal of the season , in a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town to help Brentford reach the Second Division play-off final at the Millennium Stadium , where they lost 2–0 to Stoke City . At the end of the 2001–02 season , Powell had made 48 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . During his time at Brentford , Powell made 150 appearances and scored eight times in all competitions . Crystal Palace . In the summer transfer window of 2002 , it was expected that Powell would stay at Brentford for the 2002–03 season . However , in August , he signed for Crystal Palace for £400,000 , having previously been targeted by Manager Trevor Francis . Powell made his Crystal Palace debut in the opening game of the season against Preston North End , starting and scoring the first goal , in a 2–1 win . From the start of the season , he established himself in the starting eleven . On 10 September 2002 , Powell scored again in the first round of the League Cup , in a 2–1 win over Plymouth Argyle . Despite being sidelined on numerous occasions during the 2002–03 season , Powell went on to make 46 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . In the 2003–04 season , Powell was initially an integral part of the team , but was subsequently plagued with injuries . Powell was also suspended when he received a second bookable offence , in a 1–1 draw against Derby County on 14 October 2003 . While on the sidelines , Powell was close to joining Palaces Division One rivals , Reading , but the transfer move broke down , citing a failed medical , as well as , manager Iain Dowies desire to keep him . After seven months away from the first team , he returned to training . Powell made his first appearance from injury on 14 May 2004 , where he came on as a late substitute , in a 3–2 win over Sunderland . Powell then scored in the dying seconds of Palaces Play-off semi-final second-leg game , at Sunderland taking the score on the night to a 2–1 defeat , but the aggregate score to 4–4 . Palace won on penalties and were promoted to the Premiership , following a play-off final win over West Ham . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Powell had made 15 appearance , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2004–05 season , however , Powell found himself dropping down the pecking order in the clubs first team and having limited game time , only appearing three times in the League Cup . On 20 November 2004 , he spent a month on loan to West Ham United . His debut came on 24 November 2004 against rivals Millwall , where he played the whole game , in a 1–0 loss . In a follow up match against Watford , Powell scored his only goal for the club , in a 3–2 win . After the spell at West Ham United , Powell returned to his parent club , Crystal Palace . Upon returning to Crystal Palace , Powell made his first Premier League appearance , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Aston Villa on 3 January 2005 . In a follow up match against Manchester City on 15 January 2005 , he scored his first Premier League goal , in a 3–1 loss . However , injuries plagued him once again , as the club were relegated to the Championship at the end of the season . At the end of the 2004–05 season , Powell had made 10 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . However , Powell was released by the club . Southampton . In July 2005 , he was out of contract and signed for Harry Redknapp at Southampton on a Bosman free transfer . Powell made his Southampton debut , where he played the whole game in a centre–back partnership with Tomasz Hajto , in a 0–0 draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers . He then helped the Saints keep three clean sheets during August against Sheffield Wednesday , Norwich City and Crewe Alexandra . On joining the club , he quickly became a first team regular . Powells first goal for Southampton was against Ipswich Town on 13 September 2005 . He started in every match until he was hit with a three match suspension following his foul on Readings Kevin Doyle . It was not until 22 November 2005 , that he returned to the starting lineup after a month away , in a 1–1 draw against Hull City . However , Powell soon lost his first team place following the appointment of George Burley , as well as , his own injury concerns . At the end of the 2005–06 season , Powell had made 26 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2006–07 season , Powell , was sidelined until the end of the year . While on the sidelines , Powell was the subject of a transfer bid from Leeds United , which was rejected by the club . He did not make his return to the first team until 6 January 2007 , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Torquay United in the first round of the FA Cup . This was followed by keeping another two clean sheets against Burnley and Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell was once again sidelined with another injury that kept him out throughout February . Once again , Powell helped the side keep two clean sheets in a row against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Luton Town between 31 March 2007 and 7 April 2007 . Following this , Powell was incurred an injury that ultimately ruled him out for the rest of the season . At the end of the 2006–07 season , Powell had made ten appearances . In the 2007–08 season , Powell missed the first three matches , due to suspension . His suspension came after he was sent–off for violent conduct after reacting angrily to a heavy challenge from Phil Mulryne , in the clubs win at Bournemouth the previous month . After serving a three-match suspension , he made his return to the first team against Stoke City on 25 August 2007 , in a 3–2 win . His return , was short–lived though , as he suffered an ankle injury during the match . After returning to training from injury in early–December , Powell did not make his return to the first team until 29 December 2007 , where he came on as a second–half substitute , in a 2–2 draw against Barnsley . After being sidelined on three separate occasions throughout January , Powell scored his second goal for the club with a first minute tap in from Adam Hammills cross in a 3–2 home defeat to Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell continued to be plagued with injuries towards the end of the season . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Powell had made thirteen appearances , scoring once in all competitions . After three years of failing to establish himself in the first team due to a run of minor injuries , returning chairman Rupert Lowe decided not to renew Powells contract . Derby County . He trained with Charlton Athletic whilst searching for a club and was handed a trial at Derby County in November 2008 . On 21 November 2008 , Powell signed an initial two-month contract for Derby , and made his debut in the 2–0 defeat to Ipswich Town a day later . However , Powell was released by Derby on 21 January 2009 , after new manager Nigel Clough decided against extending his contract , Powell played eight times for the club . Brentford ( second spell ) . On 11 March 2009 , Powell joined Leeds United on a trial basis . However , after making two reserve appearances , the club decided against offering him a contract . He re-signed for his first professional club , Brentford , on 21 March 2009 on a contract until the end of the season . Powell made his second Brentford debut on 28 March 2009 , where he came on as a late substitute and received a positive reception from Brentford supporters , in a 1–1 draw against Gillingham . He managed only a handful of appearances before being sent–off on 14 April 2009 , in a 1–0 win over Bournemouth following an altercation with teammate Karleigh Osborne . Powell never played for the side again ; he had made four appearances and was released at the end of the season . Milton Keynes Dons . On 7 August 2009 , Powell agreed a one-year contract with League One team Milton Keynes Dons . He played his first game for the club in a 0–0 draw against Hartlepool United on 8 August 2009 . Powell was involved in the next two matches against Swindon Town and Tranmere Rovers , where the team kept two clean sheets . He became a first team regular at the club , under the management of Paul Ince . Then , on 3 October 2009 , Powell played a vital role when he set up the only goal of the game , in a 1–0 win over Brighton & Hove Albion . However , he was plagued by injuries during the season . At the end of the 2009–10 season , Powell had made twenty–seven appearances , scoring once in all competitions . Along with three other players , he was released by MK Dons at the end of his contract on 30 June 2010 . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In January 2012 , Hampton & Richmond Borough Chairman Steve McPherson claimed that Powell was close to making a comeback with the club . a move which was confirmed on 27 January . He made his second debut for the club the next day coming off the bench at half time in a 2–2 draw away to Havant & Waterlooville . However , he was plagued by injuries during his time at the club . He made 15 appearances for the side and subsequently announced his retirement from playing . Coaching career . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In April 2013 , Powell and first-team coach Paul Barry took charge of Hampton & Richmond Borough , now in the Isthmian League Premier Division , on a caretaker basis until the end of the season after manager Mark Harper resigned his position . The pair were installed as the permanent management team in May 2013 . The pair helped the side go nine matches unbeaten between 3 December 2013 and 21 January 2014 . At the end of the 2013–14 season , the side finished in twelfth place in the league . The club went on to win the Middlesex Senior Cup after beating Wealdstone 3–2 . However , a poor start to the 2014–15 season saw Powell sacked along with Barry after Hampton & Richmond lost 3–2 to VCD Athletic in the FA Cup Qualifying Round on 13 September 2014 . After leaving the club , Powell enrolled on the Elite Coaches Apprenticeship Scheme and acquired his A Licence . Crystal Palace . On 24 February 2015 , Powell joined the academy coaching team at Crystal Palace . Honours . Brentford - Football League Third Division : 1998–99 - Football League Two : 2008–09 Crystal Palace - Football League First Division play-offs : 2004 Individual - Brentford Supporters Player of the Year : 1998–99

easy

Which team did the player Darren Powell belong to from 2008 to 2009?

/wiki/Darren_Powell#P54#4

Darren Powell Darren David Powell ( born 10 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer who played as a centre back . During his playing career , he appeared over 250 times in the Football League and Premier League . Powell was known as a tough-tackling centre-back . Following his retirement , Powell moved to coaching and managing Hampton & Richmond Borough before taking over as an academy coach for Crystal Palace . Football career . Brentford . Powell began his career with Hampton , where he quickly established himself in the starting eleven for the side . His performance attracted interests from Stevenage and Hayes before he joined Brentford for £15,000 . Powell made his debut for Brentford , where he played the whole game , in a 3–0 win over Mansfield Town . He started well for the side at the beginning of the season , winning five out of the six matches by the end of August , including scoring his first goal for the side , in a 2–1 win over Rochdale . He was later in the squad for Brentford when he helped the club win the Division Two by four points . At the end of the 1998–99 season , Powell had made 37 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . For his performances , he was named the clubs Player of the Year . In the 1999–00 season , Powell continued to be a first team regular . He then scored his first goal for the club , in a 2–0 win over Luton Town on 16 September 1999 . A month later , on 16 October 1999 , Powell scored again , in a 2–0 win over Oxford United . He spent the rest of the 1999–00 season , as a first team regular and went on to make 43 appearances , scoring three times in all competitions . However , in the 2000–01 season , Powell suffered a hamstring injury that saw him sidelined until January . On his return from injury , he was sent–off on his first appearance on 13 January 2001 , in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers . After returning , he regained his first team place for the side . On 21 March 2001 , Powell was sent–off for the second time that season , in a 2–1 win over Southend United , which saw Brentford go through to the LDV Final following a 4–2 on aggregate . This was followed up by scoring his first goal of the season , in a 1–0 win over Wrexham on 31 March 2001 . However , in the Football League Trophy Final against Port Vale , Powell played the whole game , in a 2–1 loss . At the end of the 2000–01 season , he had made 22 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2001–02 season , Powell retained his first team place for the side despite being linked with a move away from the club . On 18 September 2001 , he scored his first goal of the season , in a 2–2 draw against Bristol Rovers . Powell then captained Brentford for the first time in his career following the absence of Paul Evans , as the club lost 1–0 against Northampton Town . During a 0–0 draw against Chesterfield on 12 March 2002 , he tore his hamstring early in the first half and was substituted as a result . Powell returned to the first team on 6 April 2002 , in a 3–0 win over Huddersfield Town . On 1 May 2002 , he scored his second goal of the season , in a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town to help Brentford reach the Second Division play-off final at the Millennium Stadium , where they lost 2–0 to Stoke City . At the end of the 2001–02 season , Powell had made 48 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . During his time at Brentford , Powell made 150 appearances and scored eight times in all competitions . Crystal Palace . In the summer transfer window of 2002 , it was expected that Powell would stay at Brentford for the 2002–03 season . However , in August , he signed for Crystal Palace for £400,000 , having previously been targeted by Manager Trevor Francis . Powell made his Crystal Palace debut in the opening game of the season against Preston North End , starting and scoring the first goal , in a 2–1 win . From the start of the season , he established himself in the starting eleven . On 10 September 2002 , Powell scored again in the first round of the League Cup , in a 2–1 win over Plymouth Argyle . Despite being sidelined on numerous occasions during the 2002–03 season , Powell went on to make 46 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . In the 2003–04 season , Powell was initially an integral part of the team , but was subsequently plagued with injuries . Powell was also suspended when he received a second bookable offence , in a 1–1 draw against Derby County on 14 October 2003 . While on the sidelines , Powell was close to joining Palaces Division One rivals , Reading , but the transfer move broke down , citing a failed medical , as well as , manager Iain Dowies desire to keep him . After seven months away from the first team , he returned to training . Powell made his first appearance from injury on 14 May 2004 , where he came on as a late substitute , in a 3–2 win over Sunderland . Powell then scored in the dying seconds of Palaces Play-off semi-final second-leg game , at Sunderland taking the score on the night to a 2–1 defeat , but the aggregate score to 4–4 . Palace won on penalties and were promoted to the Premiership , following a play-off final win over West Ham . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Powell had made 15 appearance , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2004–05 season , however , Powell found himself dropping down the pecking order in the clubs first team and having limited game time , only appearing three times in the League Cup . On 20 November 2004 , he spent a month on loan to West Ham United . His debut came on 24 November 2004 against rivals Millwall , where he played the whole game , in a 1–0 loss . In a follow up match against Watford , Powell scored his only goal for the club , in a 3–2 win . After the spell at West Ham United , Powell returned to his parent club , Crystal Palace . Upon returning to Crystal Palace , Powell made his first Premier League appearance , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Aston Villa on 3 January 2005 . In a follow up match against Manchester City on 15 January 2005 , he scored his first Premier League goal , in a 3–1 loss . However , injuries plagued him once again , as the club were relegated to the Championship at the end of the season . At the end of the 2004–05 season , Powell had made 10 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . However , Powell was released by the club . Southampton . In July 2005 , he was out of contract and signed for Harry Redknapp at Southampton on a Bosman free transfer . Powell made his Southampton debut , where he played the whole game in a centre–back partnership with Tomasz Hajto , in a 0–0 draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers . He then helped the Saints keep three clean sheets during August against Sheffield Wednesday , Norwich City and Crewe Alexandra . On joining the club , he quickly became a first team regular . Powells first goal for Southampton was against Ipswich Town on 13 September 2005 . He started in every match until he was hit with a three match suspension following his foul on Readings Kevin Doyle . It was not until 22 November 2005 , that he returned to the starting lineup after a month away , in a 1–1 draw against Hull City . However , Powell soon lost his first team place following the appointment of George Burley , as well as , his own injury concerns . At the end of the 2005–06 season , Powell had made 26 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2006–07 season , Powell , was sidelined until the end of the year . While on the sidelines , Powell was the subject of a transfer bid from Leeds United , which was rejected by the club . He did not make his return to the first team until 6 January 2007 , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Torquay United in the first round of the FA Cup . This was followed by keeping another two clean sheets against Burnley and Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell was once again sidelined with another injury that kept him out throughout February . Once again , Powell helped the side keep two clean sheets in a row against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Luton Town between 31 March 2007 and 7 April 2007 . Following this , Powell was incurred an injury that ultimately ruled him out for the rest of the season . At the end of the 2006–07 season , Powell had made ten appearances . In the 2007–08 season , Powell missed the first three matches , due to suspension . His suspension came after he was sent–off for violent conduct after reacting angrily to a heavy challenge from Phil Mulryne , in the clubs win at Bournemouth the previous month . After serving a three-match suspension , he made his return to the first team against Stoke City on 25 August 2007 , in a 3–2 win . His return , was short–lived though , as he suffered an ankle injury during the match . After returning to training from injury in early–December , Powell did not make his return to the first team until 29 December 2007 , where he came on as a second–half substitute , in a 2–2 draw against Barnsley . After being sidelined on three separate occasions throughout January , Powell scored his second goal for the club with a first minute tap in from Adam Hammills cross in a 3–2 home defeat to Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell continued to be plagued with injuries towards the end of the season . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Powell had made thirteen appearances , scoring once in all competitions . After three years of failing to establish himself in the first team due to a run of minor injuries , returning chairman Rupert Lowe decided not to renew Powells contract . Derby County . He trained with Charlton Athletic whilst searching for a club and was handed a trial at Derby County in November 2008 . On 21 November 2008 , Powell signed an initial two-month contract for Derby , and made his debut in the 2–0 defeat to Ipswich Town a day later . However , Powell was released by Derby on 21 January 2009 , after new manager Nigel Clough decided against extending his contract , Powell played eight times for the club . Brentford ( second spell ) . On 11 March 2009 , Powell joined Leeds United on a trial basis . However , after making two reserve appearances , the club decided against offering him a contract . He re-signed for his first professional club , Brentford , on 21 March 2009 on a contract until the end of the season . Powell made his second Brentford debut on 28 March 2009 , where he came on as a late substitute and received a positive reception from Brentford supporters , in a 1–1 draw against Gillingham . He managed only a handful of appearances before being sent–off on 14 April 2009 , in a 1–0 win over Bournemouth following an altercation with teammate Karleigh Osborne . Powell never played for the side again ; he had made four appearances and was released at the end of the season . Milton Keynes Dons . On 7 August 2009 , Powell agreed a one-year contract with League One team Milton Keynes Dons . He played his first game for the club in a 0–0 draw against Hartlepool United on 8 August 2009 . Powell was involved in the next two matches against Swindon Town and Tranmere Rovers , where the team kept two clean sheets . He became a first team regular at the club , under the management of Paul Ince . Then , on 3 October 2009 , Powell played a vital role when he set up the only goal of the game , in a 1–0 win over Brighton & Hove Albion . However , he was plagued by injuries during the season . At the end of the 2009–10 season , Powell had made twenty–seven appearances , scoring once in all competitions . Along with three other players , he was released by MK Dons at the end of his contract on 30 June 2010 . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In January 2012 , Hampton & Richmond Borough Chairman Steve McPherson claimed that Powell was close to making a comeback with the club . a move which was confirmed on 27 January . He made his second debut for the club the next day coming off the bench at half time in a 2–2 draw away to Havant & Waterlooville . However , he was plagued by injuries during his time at the club . He made 15 appearances for the side and subsequently announced his retirement from playing . Coaching career . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In April 2013 , Powell and first-team coach Paul Barry took charge of Hampton & Richmond Borough , now in the Isthmian League Premier Division , on a caretaker basis until the end of the season after manager Mark Harper resigned his position . The pair were installed as the permanent management team in May 2013 . The pair helped the side go nine matches unbeaten between 3 December 2013 and 21 January 2014 . At the end of the 2013–14 season , the side finished in twelfth place in the league . The club went on to win the Middlesex Senior Cup after beating Wealdstone 3–2 . However , a poor start to the 2014–15 season saw Powell sacked along with Barry after Hampton & Richmond lost 3–2 to VCD Athletic in the FA Cup Qualifying Round on 13 September 2014 . After leaving the club , Powell enrolled on the Elite Coaches Apprenticeship Scheme and acquired his A Licence . Crystal Palace . On 24 February 2015 , Powell joined the academy coaching team at Crystal Palace . Honours . Brentford - Football League Third Division : 1998–99 - Football League Two : 2008–09 Crystal Palace - Football League First Division play-offs : 2004 Individual - Brentford Supporters Player of the Year : 1998–99

easy

Darren Powell played for which team from 2009 to 2010?

/wiki/Darren_Powell#P54#5

Darren Powell Darren David Powell ( born 10 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer who played as a centre back . During his playing career , he appeared over 250 times in the Football League and Premier League . Powell was known as a tough-tackling centre-back . Following his retirement , Powell moved to coaching and managing Hampton & Richmond Borough before taking over as an academy coach for Crystal Palace . Football career . Brentford . Powell began his career with Hampton , where he quickly established himself in the starting eleven for the side . His performance attracted interests from Stevenage and Hayes before he joined Brentford for £15,000 . Powell made his debut for Brentford , where he played the whole game , in a 3–0 win over Mansfield Town . He started well for the side at the beginning of the season , winning five out of the six matches by the end of August , including scoring his first goal for the side , in a 2–1 win over Rochdale . He was later in the squad for Brentford when he helped the club win the Division Two by four points . At the end of the 1998–99 season , Powell had made 37 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . For his performances , he was named the clubs Player of the Year . In the 1999–00 season , Powell continued to be a first team regular . He then scored his first goal for the club , in a 2–0 win over Luton Town on 16 September 1999 . A month later , on 16 October 1999 , Powell scored again , in a 2–0 win over Oxford United . He spent the rest of the 1999–00 season , as a first team regular and went on to make 43 appearances , scoring three times in all competitions . However , in the 2000–01 season , Powell suffered a hamstring injury that saw him sidelined until January . On his return from injury , he was sent–off on his first appearance on 13 January 2001 , in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers . After returning , he regained his first team place for the side . On 21 March 2001 , Powell was sent–off for the second time that season , in a 2–1 win over Southend United , which saw Brentford go through to the LDV Final following a 4–2 on aggregate . This was followed up by scoring his first goal of the season , in a 1–0 win over Wrexham on 31 March 2001 . However , in the Football League Trophy Final against Port Vale , Powell played the whole game , in a 2–1 loss . At the end of the 2000–01 season , he had made 22 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2001–02 season , Powell retained his first team place for the side despite being linked with a move away from the club . On 18 September 2001 , he scored his first goal of the season , in a 2–2 draw against Bristol Rovers . Powell then captained Brentford for the first time in his career following the absence of Paul Evans , as the club lost 1–0 against Northampton Town . During a 0–0 draw against Chesterfield on 12 March 2002 , he tore his hamstring early in the first half and was substituted as a result . Powell returned to the first team on 6 April 2002 , in a 3–0 win over Huddersfield Town . On 1 May 2002 , he scored his second goal of the season , in a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town to help Brentford reach the Second Division play-off final at the Millennium Stadium , where they lost 2–0 to Stoke City . At the end of the 2001–02 season , Powell had made 48 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . During his time at Brentford , Powell made 150 appearances and scored eight times in all competitions . Crystal Palace . In the summer transfer window of 2002 , it was expected that Powell would stay at Brentford for the 2002–03 season . However , in August , he signed for Crystal Palace for £400,000 , having previously been targeted by Manager Trevor Francis . Powell made his Crystal Palace debut in the opening game of the season against Preston North End , starting and scoring the first goal , in a 2–1 win . From the start of the season , he established himself in the starting eleven . On 10 September 2002 , Powell scored again in the first round of the League Cup , in a 2–1 win over Plymouth Argyle . Despite being sidelined on numerous occasions during the 2002–03 season , Powell went on to make 46 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . In the 2003–04 season , Powell was initially an integral part of the team , but was subsequently plagued with injuries . Powell was also suspended when he received a second bookable offence , in a 1–1 draw against Derby County on 14 October 2003 . While on the sidelines , Powell was close to joining Palaces Division One rivals , Reading , but the transfer move broke down , citing a failed medical , as well as , manager Iain Dowies desire to keep him . After seven months away from the first team , he returned to training . Powell made his first appearance from injury on 14 May 2004 , where he came on as a late substitute , in a 3–2 win over Sunderland . Powell then scored in the dying seconds of Palaces Play-off semi-final second-leg game , at Sunderland taking the score on the night to a 2–1 defeat , but the aggregate score to 4–4 . Palace won on penalties and were promoted to the Premiership , following a play-off final win over West Ham . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Powell had made 15 appearance , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2004–05 season , however , Powell found himself dropping down the pecking order in the clubs first team and having limited game time , only appearing three times in the League Cup . On 20 November 2004 , he spent a month on loan to West Ham United . His debut came on 24 November 2004 against rivals Millwall , where he played the whole game , in a 1–0 loss . In a follow up match against Watford , Powell scored his only goal for the club , in a 3–2 win . After the spell at West Ham United , Powell returned to his parent club , Crystal Palace . Upon returning to Crystal Palace , Powell made his first Premier League appearance , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Aston Villa on 3 January 2005 . In a follow up match against Manchester City on 15 January 2005 , he scored his first Premier League goal , in a 3–1 loss . However , injuries plagued him once again , as the club were relegated to the Championship at the end of the season . At the end of the 2004–05 season , Powell had made 10 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . However , Powell was released by the club . Southampton . In July 2005 , he was out of contract and signed for Harry Redknapp at Southampton on a Bosman free transfer . Powell made his Southampton debut , where he played the whole game in a centre–back partnership with Tomasz Hajto , in a 0–0 draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers . He then helped the Saints keep three clean sheets during August against Sheffield Wednesday , Norwich City and Crewe Alexandra . On joining the club , he quickly became a first team regular . Powells first goal for Southampton was against Ipswich Town on 13 September 2005 . He started in every match until he was hit with a three match suspension following his foul on Readings Kevin Doyle . It was not until 22 November 2005 , that he returned to the starting lineup after a month away , in a 1–1 draw against Hull City . However , Powell soon lost his first team place following the appointment of George Burley , as well as , his own injury concerns . At the end of the 2005–06 season , Powell had made 26 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2006–07 season , Powell , was sidelined until the end of the year . While on the sidelines , Powell was the subject of a transfer bid from Leeds United , which was rejected by the club . He did not make his return to the first team until 6 January 2007 , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Torquay United in the first round of the FA Cup . This was followed by keeping another two clean sheets against Burnley and Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell was once again sidelined with another injury that kept him out throughout February . Once again , Powell helped the side keep two clean sheets in a row against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Luton Town between 31 March 2007 and 7 April 2007 . Following this , Powell was incurred an injury that ultimately ruled him out for the rest of the season . At the end of the 2006–07 season , Powell had made ten appearances . In the 2007–08 season , Powell missed the first three matches , due to suspension . His suspension came after he was sent–off for violent conduct after reacting angrily to a heavy challenge from Phil Mulryne , in the clubs win at Bournemouth the previous month . After serving a three-match suspension , he made his return to the first team against Stoke City on 25 August 2007 , in a 3–2 win . His return , was short–lived though , as he suffered an ankle injury during the match . After returning to training from injury in early–December , Powell did not make his return to the first team until 29 December 2007 , where he came on as a second–half substitute , in a 2–2 draw against Barnsley . After being sidelined on three separate occasions throughout January , Powell scored his second goal for the club with a first minute tap in from Adam Hammills cross in a 3–2 home defeat to Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell continued to be plagued with injuries towards the end of the season . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Powell had made thirteen appearances , scoring once in all competitions . After three years of failing to establish himself in the first team due to a run of minor injuries , returning chairman Rupert Lowe decided not to renew Powells contract . Derby County . He trained with Charlton Athletic whilst searching for a club and was handed a trial at Derby County in November 2008 . On 21 November 2008 , Powell signed an initial two-month contract for Derby , and made his debut in the 2–0 defeat to Ipswich Town a day later . However , Powell was released by Derby on 21 January 2009 , after new manager Nigel Clough decided against extending his contract , Powell played eight times for the club . Brentford ( second spell ) . On 11 March 2009 , Powell joined Leeds United on a trial basis . However , after making two reserve appearances , the club decided against offering him a contract . He re-signed for his first professional club , Brentford , on 21 March 2009 on a contract until the end of the season . Powell made his second Brentford debut on 28 March 2009 , where he came on as a late substitute and received a positive reception from Brentford supporters , in a 1–1 draw against Gillingham . He managed only a handful of appearances before being sent–off on 14 April 2009 , in a 1–0 win over Bournemouth following an altercation with teammate Karleigh Osborne . Powell never played for the side again ; he had made four appearances and was released at the end of the season . Milton Keynes Dons . On 7 August 2009 , Powell agreed a one-year contract with League One team Milton Keynes Dons . He played his first game for the club in a 0–0 draw against Hartlepool United on 8 August 2009 . Powell was involved in the next two matches against Swindon Town and Tranmere Rovers , where the team kept two clean sheets . He became a first team regular at the club , under the management of Paul Ince . Then , on 3 October 2009 , Powell played a vital role when he set up the only goal of the game , in a 1–0 win over Brighton & Hove Albion . However , he was plagued by injuries during the season . At the end of the 2009–10 season , Powell had made twenty–seven appearances , scoring once in all competitions . Along with three other players , he was released by MK Dons at the end of his contract on 30 June 2010 . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In January 2012 , Hampton & Richmond Borough Chairman Steve McPherson claimed that Powell was close to making a comeback with the club . a move which was confirmed on 27 January . He made his second debut for the club the next day coming off the bench at half time in a 2–2 draw away to Havant & Waterlooville . However , he was plagued by injuries during his time at the club . He made 15 appearances for the side and subsequently announced his retirement from playing . Coaching career . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In April 2013 , Powell and first-team coach Paul Barry took charge of Hampton & Richmond Borough , now in the Isthmian League Premier Division , on a caretaker basis until the end of the season after manager Mark Harper resigned his position . The pair were installed as the permanent management team in May 2013 . The pair helped the side go nine matches unbeaten between 3 December 2013 and 21 January 2014 . At the end of the 2013–14 season , the side finished in twelfth place in the league . The club went on to win the Middlesex Senior Cup after beating Wealdstone 3–2 . However , a poor start to the 2014–15 season saw Powell sacked along with Barry after Hampton & Richmond lost 3–2 to VCD Athletic in the FA Cup Qualifying Round on 13 September 2014 . After leaving the club , Powell enrolled on the Elite Coaches Apprenticeship Scheme and acquired his A Licence . Crystal Palace . On 24 February 2015 , Powell joined the academy coaching team at Crystal Palace . Honours . Brentford - Football League Third Division : 1998–99 - Football League Two : 2008–09 Crystal Palace - Football League First Division play-offs : 2004 Individual - Brentford Supporters Player of the Year : 1998–99

easy

Which team did Darren Powell play for from 2012 to 2014?

/wiki/Darren_Powell#P54#6

Darren Powell Darren David Powell ( born 10 March 1976 ) is an English former footballer who played as a centre back . During his playing career , he appeared over 250 times in the Football League and Premier League . Powell was known as a tough-tackling centre-back . Following his retirement , Powell moved to coaching and managing Hampton & Richmond Borough before taking over as an academy coach for Crystal Palace . Football career . Brentford . Powell began his career with Hampton , where he quickly established himself in the starting eleven for the side . His performance attracted interests from Stevenage and Hayes before he joined Brentford for £15,000 . Powell made his debut for Brentford , where he played the whole game , in a 3–0 win over Mansfield Town . He started well for the side at the beginning of the season , winning five out of the six matches by the end of August , including scoring his first goal for the side , in a 2–1 win over Rochdale . He was later in the squad for Brentford when he helped the club win the Division Two by four points . At the end of the 1998–99 season , Powell had made 37 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . For his performances , he was named the clubs Player of the Year . In the 1999–00 season , Powell continued to be a first team regular . He then scored his first goal for the club , in a 2–0 win over Luton Town on 16 September 1999 . A month later , on 16 October 1999 , Powell scored again , in a 2–0 win over Oxford United . He spent the rest of the 1999–00 season , as a first team regular and went on to make 43 appearances , scoring three times in all competitions . However , in the 2000–01 season , Powell suffered a hamstring injury that saw him sidelined until January . On his return from injury , he was sent–off on his first appearance on 13 January 2001 , in a 0–0 draw against Bristol Rovers . After returning , he regained his first team place for the side . On 21 March 2001 , Powell was sent–off for the second time that season , in a 2–1 win over Southend United , which saw Brentford go through to the LDV Final following a 4–2 on aggregate . This was followed up by scoring his first goal of the season , in a 1–0 win over Wrexham on 31 March 2001 . However , in the Football League Trophy Final against Port Vale , Powell played the whole game , in a 2–1 loss . At the end of the 2000–01 season , he had made 22 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2001–02 season , Powell retained his first team place for the side despite being linked with a move away from the club . On 18 September 2001 , he scored his first goal of the season , in a 2–2 draw against Bristol Rovers . Powell then captained Brentford for the first time in his career following the absence of Paul Evans , as the club lost 1–0 against Northampton Town . During a 0–0 draw against Chesterfield on 12 March 2002 , he tore his hamstring early in the first half and was substituted as a result . Powell returned to the first team on 6 April 2002 , in a 3–0 win over Huddersfield Town . On 1 May 2002 , he scored his second goal of the season , in a 2–1 win over Huddersfield Town to help Brentford reach the Second Division play-off final at the Millennium Stadium , where they lost 2–0 to Stoke City . At the end of the 2001–02 season , Powell had made 48 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . During his time at Brentford , Powell made 150 appearances and scored eight times in all competitions . Crystal Palace . In the summer transfer window of 2002 , it was expected that Powell would stay at Brentford for the 2002–03 season . However , in August , he signed for Crystal Palace for £400,000 , having previously been targeted by Manager Trevor Francis . Powell made his Crystal Palace debut in the opening game of the season against Preston North End , starting and scoring the first goal , in a 2–1 win . From the start of the season , he established himself in the starting eleven . On 10 September 2002 , Powell scored again in the first round of the League Cup , in a 2–1 win over Plymouth Argyle . Despite being sidelined on numerous occasions during the 2002–03 season , Powell went on to make 46 appearances , scoring twice in all competitions . In the 2003–04 season , Powell was initially an integral part of the team , but was subsequently plagued with injuries . Powell was also suspended when he received a second bookable offence , in a 1–1 draw against Derby County on 14 October 2003 . While on the sidelines , Powell was close to joining Palaces Division One rivals , Reading , but the transfer move broke down , citing a failed medical , as well as , manager Iain Dowies desire to keep him . After seven months away from the first team , he returned to training . Powell made his first appearance from injury on 14 May 2004 , where he came on as a late substitute , in a 3–2 win over Sunderland . Powell then scored in the dying seconds of Palaces Play-off semi-final second-leg game , at Sunderland taking the score on the night to a 2–1 defeat , but the aggregate score to 4–4 . Palace won on penalties and were promoted to the Premiership , following a play-off final win over West Ham . At the end of the 2003–04 season , Powell had made 15 appearance , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2004–05 season , however , Powell found himself dropping down the pecking order in the clubs first team and having limited game time , only appearing three times in the League Cup . On 20 November 2004 , he spent a month on loan to West Ham United . His debut came on 24 November 2004 against rivals Millwall , where he played the whole game , in a 1–0 loss . In a follow up match against Watford , Powell scored his only goal for the club , in a 3–2 win . After the spell at West Ham United , Powell returned to his parent club , Crystal Palace . Upon returning to Crystal Palace , Powell made his first Premier League appearance , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Aston Villa on 3 January 2005 . In a follow up match against Manchester City on 15 January 2005 , he scored his first Premier League goal , in a 3–1 loss . However , injuries plagued him once again , as the club were relegated to the Championship at the end of the season . At the end of the 2004–05 season , Powell had made 10 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . However , Powell was released by the club . Southampton . In July 2005 , he was out of contract and signed for Harry Redknapp at Southampton on a Bosman free transfer . Powell made his Southampton debut , where he played the whole game in a centre–back partnership with Tomasz Hajto , in a 0–0 draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers . He then helped the Saints keep three clean sheets during August against Sheffield Wednesday , Norwich City and Crewe Alexandra . On joining the club , he quickly became a first team regular . Powells first goal for Southampton was against Ipswich Town on 13 September 2005 . He started in every match until he was hit with a three match suspension following his foul on Readings Kevin Doyle . It was not until 22 November 2005 , that he returned to the starting lineup after a month away , in a 1–1 draw against Hull City . However , Powell soon lost his first team place following the appointment of George Burley , as well as , his own injury concerns . At the end of the 2005–06 season , Powell had made 26 appearances , scoring once in all competitions . In the 2006–07 season , Powell , was sidelined until the end of the year . While on the sidelines , Powell was the subject of a transfer bid from Leeds United , which was rejected by the club . He did not make his return to the first team until 6 January 2007 , where he played the whole game , in a 2–0 win over Torquay United in the first round of the FA Cup . This was followed by keeping another two clean sheets against Burnley and Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell was once again sidelined with another injury that kept him out throughout February . Once again , Powell helped the side keep two clean sheets in a row against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Luton Town between 31 March 2007 and 7 April 2007 . Following this , Powell was incurred an injury that ultimately ruled him out for the rest of the season . At the end of the 2006–07 season , Powell had made ten appearances . In the 2007–08 season , Powell missed the first three matches , due to suspension . His suspension came after he was sent–off for violent conduct after reacting angrily to a heavy challenge from Phil Mulryne , in the clubs win at Bournemouth the previous month . After serving a three-match suspension , he made his return to the first team against Stoke City on 25 August 2007 , in a 3–2 win . His return , was short–lived though , as he suffered an ankle injury during the match . After returning to training from injury in early–December , Powell did not make his return to the first team until 29 December 2007 , where he came on as a second–half substitute , in a 2–2 draw against Barnsley . After being sidelined on three separate occasions throughout January , Powell scored his second goal for the club with a first minute tap in from Adam Hammills cross in a 3–2 home defeat to Queens Park Rangers . However , Powell continued to be plagued with injuries towards the end of the season . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Powell had made thirteen appearances , scoring once in all competitions . After three years of failing to establish himself in the first team due to a run of minor injuries , returning chairman Rupert Lowe decided not to renew Powells contract . Derby County . He trained with Charlton Athletic whilst searching for a club and was handed a trial at Derby County in November 2008 . On 21 November 2008 , Powell signed an initial two-month contract for Derby , and made his debut in the 2–0 defeat to Ipswich Town a day later . However , Powell was released by Derby on 21 January 2009 , after new manager Nigel Clough decided against extending his contract , Powell played eight times for the club . Brentford ( second spell ) . On 11 March 2009 , Powell joined Leeds United on a trial basis . However , after making two reserve appearances , the club decided against offering him a contract . He re-signed for his first professional club , Brentford , on 21 March 2009 on a contract until the end of the season . Powell made his second Brentford debut on 28 March 2009 , where he came on as a late substitute and received a positive reception from Brentford supporters , in a 1–1 draw against Gillingham . He managed only a handful of appearances before being sent–off on 14 April 2009 , in a 1–0 win over Bournemouth following an altercation with teammate Karleigh Osborne . Powell never played for the side again ; he had made four appearances and was released at the end of the season . Milton Keynes Dons . On 7 August 2009 , Powell agreed a one-year contract with League One team Milton Keynes Dons . He played his first game for the club in a 0–0 draw against Hartlepool United on 8 August 2009 . Powell was involved in the next two matches against Swindon Town and Tranmere Rovers , where the team kept two clean sheets . He became a first team regular at the club , under the management of Paul Ince . Then , on 3 October 2009 , Powell played a vital role when he set up the only goal of the game , in a 1–0 win over Brighton & Hove Albion . However , he was plagued by injuries during the season . At the end of the 2009–10 season , Powell had made twenty–seven appearances , scoring once in all competitions . Along with three other players , he was released by MK Dons at the end of his contract on 30 June 2010 . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In January 2012 , Hampton & Richmond Borough Chairman Steve McPherson claimed that Powell was close to making a comeback with the club . a move which was confirmed on 27 January . He made his second debut for the club the next day coming off the bench at half time in a 2–2 draw away to Havant & Waterlooville . However , he was plagued by injuries during his time at the club . He made 15 appearances for the side and subsequently announced his retirement from playing . Coaching career . Hampton & Richmond Borough . In April 2013 , Powell and first-team coach Paul Barry took charge of Hampton & Richmond Borough , now in the Isthmian League Premier Division , on a caretaker basis until the end of the season after manager Mark Harper resigned his position . The pair were installed as the permanent management team in May 2013 . The pair helped the side go nine matches unbeaten between 3 December 2013 and 21 January 2014 . At the end of the 2013–14 season , the side finished in twelfth place in the league . The club went on to win the Middlesex Senior Cup after beating Wealdstone 3–2 . However , a poor start to the 2014–15 season saw Powell sacked along with Barry after Hampton & Richmond lost 3–2 to VCD Athletic in the FA Cup Qualifying Round on 13 September 2014 . After leaving the club , Powell enrolled on the Elite Coaches Apprenticeship Scheme and acquired his A Licence . Crystal Palace . On 24 February 2015 , Powell joined the academy coaching team at Crystal Palace . Honours . Brentford - Football League Third Division : 1998–99 - Football League Two : 2008–09 Crystal Palace - Football League First Division play-offs : 2004 Individual - Brentford Supporters Player of the Year : 1998–99

easy

Who was Leeza Gibbons 's spouse from 1989 to 1991?

/wiki/Leeza_Gibbons#P26#0

Leeza Gibbons Leeza Kim Gibbons ( born March 26 , 1957 ) is an American talk show host . She is best known as a correspondent and co-host for Entertainment Tonight ( 1984–2000 ) as well as for having her own syndicated daytime talk show , Leeza ( 1993–2000 ) . In 2013 , her book Take 2 became a New York Times bestseller and she won the Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Host in a Lifestyle or Travel program for the PBS show , My Generation . On February 16 , 2015 , Leeza was named the winner of Celebrity Apprentice , having raised $714,000 for her charity Leezas Care Connection . Biography . Early life . Gibbons was born in Hartsville , South Carolina , the daughter of Jean and Carlos Gibbons , a former state superintendent of education and antique shop owner . Gibbons has two siblings – a brother , Carlos Jr. , and a sister , Cammy . Leeza and her family also adopted a young chimpanzee from a traveling circus they named Martha . When Martha was older , it became difficult to manage her care and she was sent to a Great Ape sanctuary in Florida , where she still lives to this day . Gibbons grew up in Columbia , South Carolina in a housing subdivision called Whitehall , and graduated from Irmo High School . After completing high school , Gibbons graduated summa cum laude from the University of South Carolinas school of journalism and mass communication , where she was a member of the Delta Delta Delta sorority . Career . Leeza Gibbons’s television career started at WSPA-TV in Spartanburg , South Carolina . Then she was the co host of PM Magazine for KFDM-TV in Beaumont , Texas , and later moved up to then-sister station WFAA-TV in Dallas . In 1983 Gibbons joined WCBS-TV in New York City , where she became a host on Two on the Town , a program modeled after PM Magazine ; her co-host was Robb Weller . The following year , they would both join Entertainment Tonight , with Gibbons as a reporter and co-anchor of the programs weekend edition . Concurrently hosted , Leeza was her own NBC/syndicated talk show , which ran from June 1993 to September 2000 . The show originated as John & Leeza from Hollywood , a talk show with former Entertainment Tonight co-host John Tesh . Tesh was dropped from the show after seven months , and Gibbons hosted solo for the remainder of the series . From 2001–2003 , Gibbons was the host and managing editor of the television show Extra . In 2011 , she pulled down double duty ( again ) as the host of the PBS talk show My Generation ( 2011–2014 ) and as co-host and executive producer of the syndicated news magazine show America Now ( 2011–2015 ) . In the 1990s , Gibbons hosted the radio countdown show Blockbuster Top 25 Countdown with Leeza Gibbons . The show was created for Adult Contemporary and Hot Adult Contemporary formats . Gibbons counted down the hits in the respective formats and included entertainment news and pre-recorded interviews . When Blockbuster Video stopped sponsoring the program in 1999 , the shows name was changed to Leeza Gibbons Top 25 Countdown . The Adult Contemporary version was cut to a top 20 . In January 2001 , the countdown aspect of the show was dropped and was renamed Leeza Gibbons Hollywood Confidential , which focused more on entertainment news . The change in format brought new life to the show , as the show continued on for another 12 years ( ending in 2013 ) . In the early to mid-1990s , Gibbons partnered with Guthy Renker and became a trailblazer in the world of direct response . She was the first television star on a daily show to be featured in an infomercial as she starred in back-to-back blockbusters ( Personal Power 2 and Get the Edge ) with a young Tony Robbins . In 1998 , Gibbons has received the Congressional Horizon Award ( 1998 ) for her work on childrens issues . In early 2000s , Gibbons launched her mineral makeup line , Sheer Cover Studio , with Guthy-Renker . Gibbons said , Sheer Cover is not just a makeup product , its a transformative experience for women who have serious skin issues like sun damage , birth marks , scars and acne or just for any woman who wants natural looking skin that glows with a healthy radiance . Presently , Sheer Cover continues to be sold around the world . In 2005 , Gibbons received the Public Leadership in Neurology Award from the American Academy of Neurology for raising awareness about Alzheimers disease . On November 14 , 2007 , California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced the appointment of Gibbons to the board that oversees Californias stem cell research agency . Gibbons fills a slot designated for a patient advocate for Alzheimers as the result of her nonprofit group , Leezas Place , which is aimed at caregivers for persons with memory disorders . Gibbons efforts with memory disorders grew out of her own familys experience with her mother who was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease and died in May 2008 . Gibbons replaced Meredith Vieira for a week of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire shows on June 23–27 , 2008 . In May 2009 Gibbons new book , Take Your Oxygen First : Protecting Your Health and Happiness While Caring for a Loved One with Memory Loss , tells the story of Leezas familys personal struggle with Alzheimers disease after her mothers diagnosis . She provides practical advice on how caregivers and their families can ( and must ) take care of their own physical , emotional and spiritual needs in order to give better care to their loved ones who may be suffering with a memory loss disorder . In 2013 , Gibbons won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lifestyle/Travel Host for the PBS series My Generation . In 2015 , she won the NBC reality game-show series Celebrity Apprentice , beating out TV news personality Geraldo Rivera . She became the second female winner of the show , after Joan Rivers . She began co-hosting the Rose Parade on January 2 , 2017 . In 2015 , Gibbons received the Icon award from the Electronic Retailing Association , where it was announced that Gibbons had crossed the $1 billion mark in sales . Her partnership with Guthy-Renker is the longest studio/talent relationship in infomercial history . In 2016 , Gibbons and Guthy-Renker launched their latest infomercial together , Dr Denese Skinscience . Personal life . Gibbons has been married four times ; she was married to John Hicks from 1980 to 1982 . From 1989 to 1991 , she was married to British actor Christopher Quinten , who she met when they both featured in the 1988 New Zealand Telethon , and with whom she has a daughter , Jordan Alexandra ( Lexi ) Gibbons . She was married to actor Stephen Meadows from 1991 to 2005 , and they had two sons , Troy and Nathan Daniel . In 2011 , she married New York Times best selling author , Steven Fenton , in Beverly Hills . Fenton is the son of the former mayor of Beverly Hills , Frank M . Fenton . Gibbons is a member of Hollywood United Methodist Church , and had all her children baptized there . Her grandmother and mother have both been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease . External links . - Leezas Care Connection

easy

Who was the spouse of Leeza Gibbons from 1991 to 2005?

/wiki/Leeza_Gibbons#P26#1

Leeza Gibbons Leeza Kim Gibbons ( born March 26 , 1957 ) is an American talk show host . She is best known as a correspondent and co-host for Entertainment Tonight ( 1984–2000 ) as well as for having her own syndicated daytime talk show , Leeza ( 1993–2000 ) . In 2013 , her book Take 2 became a New York Times bestseller and she won the Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Host in a Lifestyle or Travel program for the PBS show , My Generation . On February 16 , 2015 , Leeza was named the winner of Celebrity Apprentice , having raised $714,000 for her charity Leezas Care Connection . Biography . Early life . Gibbons was born in Hartsville , South Carolina , the daughter of Jean and Carlos Gibbons , a former state superintendent of education and antique shop owner . Gibbons has two siblings – a brother , Carlos Jr. , and a sister , Cammy . Leeza and her family also adopted a young chimpanzee from a traveling circus they named Martha . When Martha was older , it became difficult to manage her care and she was sent to a Great Ape sanctuary in Florida , where she still lives to this day . Gibbons grew up in Columbia , South Carolina in a housing subdivision called Whitehall , and graduated from Irmo High School . After completing high school , Gibbons graduated summa cum laude from the University of South Carolinas school of journalism and mass communication , where she was a member of the Delta Delta Delta sorority . Career . Leeza Gibbons’s television career started at WSPA-TV in Spartanburg , South Carolina . Then she was the co host of PM Magazine for KFDM-TV in Beaumont , Texas , and later moved up to then-sister station WFAA-TV in Dallas . In 1983 Gibbons joined WCBS-TV in New York City , where she became a host on Two on the Town , a program modeled after PM Magazine ; her co-host was Robb Weller . The following year , they would both join Entertainment Tonight , with Gibbons as a reporter and co-anchor of the programs weekend edition . Concurrently hosted , Leeza was her own NBC/syndicated talk show , which ran from June 1993 to September 2000 . The show originated as John & Leeza from Hollywood , a talk show with former Entertainment Tonight co-host John Tesh . Tesh was dropped from the show after seven months , and Gibbons hosted solo for the remainder of the series . From 2001–2003 , Gibbons was the host and managing editor of the television show Extra . In 2011 , she pulled down double duty ( again ) as the host of the PBS talk show My Generation ( 2011–2014 ) and as co-host and executive producer of the syndicated news magazine show America Now ( 2011–2015 ) . In the 1990s , Gibbons hosted the radio countdown show Blockbuster Top 25 Countdown with Leeza Gibbons . The show was created for Adult Contemporary and Hot Adult Contemporary formats . Gibbons counted down the hits in the respective formats and included entertainment news and pre-recorded interviews . When Blockbuster Video stopped sponsoring the program in 1999 , the shows name was changed to Leeza Gibbons Top 25 Countdown . The Adult Contemporary version was cut to a top 20 . In January 2001 , the countdown aspect of the show was dropped and was renamed Leeza Gibbons Hollywood Confidential , which focused more on entertainment news . The change in format brought new life to the show , as the show continued on for another 12 years ( ending in 2013 ) . In the early to mid-1990s , Gibbons partnered with Guthy Renker and became a trailblazer in the world of direct response . She was the first television star on a daily show to be featured in an infomercial as she starred in back-to-back blockbusters ( Personal Power 2 and Get the Edge ) with a young Tony Robbins . In 1998 , Gibbons has received the Congressional Horizon Award ( 1998 ) for her work on childrens issues . In early 2000s , Gibbons launched her mineral makeup line , Sheer Cover Studio , with Guthy-Renker . Gibbons said , Sheer Cover is not just a makeup product , its a transformative experience for women who have serious skin issues like sun damage , birth marks , scars and acne or just for any woman who wants natural looking skin that glows with a healthy radiance . Presently , Sheer Cover continues to be sold around the world . In 2005 , Gibbons received the Public Leadership in Neurology Award from the American Academy of Neurology for raising awareness about Alzheimers disease . On November 14 , 2007 , California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced the appointment of Gibbons to the board that oversees Californias stem cell research agency . Gibbons fills a slot designated for a patient advocate for Alzheimers as the result of her nonprofit group , Leezas Place , which is aimed at caregivers for persons with memory disorders . Gibbons efforts with memory disorders grew out of her own familys experience with her mother who was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease and died in May 2008 . Gibbons replaced Meredith Vieira for a week of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire shows on June 23–27 , 2008 . In May 2009 Gibbons new book , Take Your Oxygen First : Protecting Your Health and Happiness While Caring for a Loved One with Memory Loss , tells the story of Leezas familys personal struggle with Alzheimers disease after her mothers diagnosis . She provides practical advice on how caregivers and their families can ( and must ) take care of their own physical , emotional and spiritual needs in order to give better care to their loved ones who may be suffering with a memory loss disorder . In 2013 , Gibbons won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lifestyle/Travel Host for the PBS series My Generation . In 2015 , she won the NBC reality game-show series Celebrity Apprentice , beating out TV news personality Geraldo Rivera . She became the second female winner of the show , after Joan Rivers . She began co-hosting the Rose Parade on January 2 , 2017 . In 2015 , Gibbons received the Icon award from the Electronic Retailing Association , where it was announced that Gibbons had crossed the $1 billion mark in sales . Her partnership with Guthy-Renker is the longest studio/talent relationship in infomercial history . In 2016 , Gibbons and Guthy-Renker launched their latest infomercial together , Dr Denese Skinscience . Personal life . Gibbons has been married four times ; she was married to John Hicks from 1980 to 1982 . From 1989 to 1991 , she was married to British actor Christopher Quinten , who she met when they both featured in the 1988 New Zealand Telethon , and with whom she has a daughter , Jordan Alexandra ( Lexi ) Gibbons . She was married to actor Stephen Meadows from 1991 to 2005 , and they had two sons , Troy and Nathan Daniel . In 2011 , she married New York Times best selling author , Steven Fenton , in Beverly Hills . Fenton is the son of the former mayor of Beverly Hills , Frank M . Fenton . Gibbons is a member of Hollywood United Methodist Church , and had all her children baptized there . Her grandmother and mother have both been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease . External links . - Leezas Care Connection

easy

Who was the spouse of Leeza Gibbons from Apr 2011 to Apr 2012?

/wiki/Leeza_Gibbons#P26#2

Leeza Gibbons Leeza Kim Gibbons ( born March 26 , 1957 ) is an American talk show host . She is best known as a correspondent and co-host for Entertainment Tonight ( 1984–2000 ) as well as for having her own syndicated daytime talk show , Leeza ( 1993–2000 ) . In 2013 , her book Take 2 became a New York Times bestseller and she won the Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Host in a Lifestyle or Travel program for the PBS show , My Generation . On February 16 , 2015 , Leeza was named the winner of Celebrity Apprentice , having raised $714,000 for her charity Leezas Care Connection . Biography . Early life . Gibbons was born in Hartsville , South Carolina , the daughter of Jean and Carlos Gibbons , a former state superintendent of education and antique shop owner . Gibbons has two siblings – a brother , Carlos Jr. , and a sister , Cammy . Leeza and her family also adopted a young chimpanzee from a traveling circus they named Martha . When Martha was older , it became difficult to manage her care and she was sent to a Great Ape sanctuary in Florida , where she still lives to this day . Gibbons grew up in Columbia , South Carolina in a housing subdivision called Whitehall , and graduated from Irmo High School . After completing high school , Gibbons graduated summa cum laude from the University of South Carolinas school of journalism and mass communication , where she was a member of the Delta Delta Delta sorority . Career . Leeza Gibbons’s television career started at WSPA-TV in Spartanburg , South Carolina . Then she was the co host of PM Magazine for KFDM-TV in Beaumont , Texas , and later moved up to then-sister station WFAA-TV in Dallas . In 1983 Gibbons joined WCBS-TV in New York City , where she became a host on Two on the Town , a program modeled after PM Magazine ; her co-host was Robb Weller . The following year , they would both join Entertainment Tonight , with Gibbons as a reporter and co-anchor of the programs weekend edition . Concurrently hosted , Leeza was her own NBC/syndicated talk show , which ran from June 1993 to September 2000 . The show originated as John & Leeza from Hollywood , a talk show with former Entertainment Tonight co-host John Tesh . Tesh was dropped from the show after seven months , and Gibbons hosted solo for the remainder of the series . From 2001–2003 , Gibbons was the host and managing editor of the television show Extra . In 2011 , she pulled down double duty ( again ) as the host of the PBS talk show My Generation ( 2011–2014 ) and as co-host and executive producer of the syndicated news magazine show America Now ( 2011–2015 ) . In the 1990s , Gibbons hosted the radio countdown show Blockbuster Top 25 Countdown with Leeza Gibbons . The show was created for Adult Contemporary and Hot Adult Contemporary formats . Gibbons counted down the hits in the respective formats and included entertainment news and pre-recorded interviews . When Blockbuster Video stopped sponsoring the program in 1999 , the shows name was changed to Leeza Gibbons Top 25 Countdown . The Adult Contemporary version was cut to a top 20 . In January 2001 , the countdown aspect of the show was dropped and was renamed Leeza Gibbons Hollywood Confidential , which focused more on entertainment news . The change in format brought new life to the show , as the show continued on for another 12 years ( ending in 2013 ) . In the early to mid-1990s , Gibbons partnered with Guthy Renker and became a trailblazer in the world of direct response . She was the first television star on a daily show to be featured in an infomercial as she starred in back-to-back blockbusters ( Personal Power 2 and Get the Edge ) with a young Tony Robbins . In 1998 , Gibbons has received the Congressional Horizon Award ( 1998 ) for her work on childrens issues . In early 2000s , Gibbons launched her mineral makeup line , Sheer Cover Studio , with Guthy-Renker . Gibbons said , Sheer Cover is not just a makeup product , its a transformative experience for women who have serious skin issues like sun damage , birth marks , scars and acne or just for any woman who wants natural looking skin that glows with a healthy radiance . Presently , Sheer Cover continues to be sold around the world . In 2005 , Gibbons received the Public Leadership in Neurology Award from the American Academy of Neurology for raising awareness about Alzheimers disease . On November 14 , 2007 , California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced the appointment of Gibbons to the board that oversees Californias stem cell research agency . Gibbons fills a slot designated for a patient advocate for Alzheimers as the result of her nonprofit group , Leezas Place , which is aimed at caregivers for persons with memory disorders . Gibbons efforts with memory disorders grew out of her own familys experience with her mother who was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease and died in May 2008 . Gibbons replaced Meredith Vieira for a week of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire shows on June 23–27 , 2008 . In May 2009 Gibbons new book , Take Your Oxygen First : Protecting Your Health and Happiness While Caring for a Loved One with Memory Loss , tells the story of Leezas familys personal struggle with Alzheimers disease after her mothers diagnosis . She provides practical advice on how caregivers and their families can ( and must ) take care of their own physical , emotional and spiritual needs in order to give better care to their loved ones who may be suffering with a memory loss disorder . In 2013 , Gibbons won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lifestyle/Travel Host for the PBS series My Generation . In 2015 , she won the NBC reality game-show series Celebrity Apprentice , beating out TV news personality Geraldo Rivera . She became the second female winner of the show , after Joan Rivers . She began co-hosting the Rose Parade on January 2 , 2017 . In 2015 , Gibbons received the Icon award from the Electronic Retailing Association , where it was announced that Gibbons had crossed the $1 billion mark in sales . Her partnership with Guthy-Renker is the longest studio/talent relationship in infomercial history . In 2016 , Gibbons and Guthy-Renker launched their latest infomercial together , Dr Denese Skinscience . Personal life . Gibbons has been married four times ; she was married to John Hicks from 1980 to 1982 . From 1989 to 1991 , she was married to British actor Christopher Quinten , who she met when they both featured in the 1988 New Zealand Telethon , and with whom she has a daughter , Jordan Alexandra ( Lexi ) Gibbons . She was married to actor Stephen Meadows from 1991 to 2005 , and they had two sons , Troy and Nathan Daniel . In 2011 , she married New York Times best selling author , Steven Fenton , in Beverly Hills . Fenton is the son of the former mayor of Beverly Hills , Frank M . Fenton . Gibbons is a member of Hollywood United Methodist Church , and had all her children baptized there . Her grandmother and mother have both been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease . External links . - Leezas Care Connection

easy

Carrier Air Wing Seven was officially named what from Jul 1943 to Nov 1946?

/wiki/Carrier_Air_Wing_Seven#P1448#0

Carrier Air Wing Seven Carrier Air Wing Seven ( CVW-7 ) is a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing based at Naval Air Station Oceana , Virginia . At the moment , CVW-7 is assigned to the USS George H . W . Bush . The tail code of aircraft assigned to CVW-7 is AG . Mission . To conduct carrier air warfare operations and assist in the planning , control , coordination and integration of seven air wing squadrons in support of carrier air warfare including ; Interception and destruction of enemy aircraft and missiles in all-weather conditions to establish and maintain local air superiority . All-weather offensive air-to-surface attacks , Detection , localization , and destruction of enemy ships and submarines to establish and maintain local sea control . Aerial photographic , sighting , and electronic intelligence for naval and joint operations . Airborne early warning service to fleet forces and shore warning nets . Airborne electronic countermeasures . In-flight refueling operations to extend the range and the endurance of air wing aircraft and Search and rescue operations . Subordinate units . CVW-7 consists of 9 Squadrons History . World War II to 1950 . Carrier Air Wing Seven was originally established 20 July 1943 at Naval Air Station Alameda , California , as Carrier Air Group Eighteen . After an intensive training period , the air group embarked in and participated in combat operations against the Japanese during World War II . In September 1945 , the air group transferred to Naval Air Station Quonset Point , Rhode Island . On 15 November the Navy changed the designation scheme for its Carrier Air Groups and CVG-18 was re-designated CVAG-7 . On 1 September 1948 the designation scheme was again changed and the Air Group became Carrier Air Group Seven ( CVG-7 ) ( it was the second Air Group to carry the CVG-7 designation ; the first CVG-7 existed from January 1944 to July 1946 ) . Cold War . During the Korean War , the air group flew close air support strikes , attacks on industrial facilities and supply line interdiction missions from the deck of . After moving from Quonset Point to Naval Air Station Oceana in 1958 , the Air Group teamed up with and deployed as the first all jet air wing . On 20 December 1963 all Carrier Air Groups were re-designated Carrier Air Wings and CVG-7 became Carrier Air Wing Seven ( CVW-7 ) . During the years from 1966 – 1977 the air wing completed seven Mediterranean deployments in USS Independence and participated in numerous North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) exercises . In early 1978 , Air Wing Seven embarked in for shakedown and weapons training in the Roosevelt Roads , Puerto Rico operating area . On 1 March 1978 , Air Wing SEVEN became permanently assigned to USS Dwight D . Eisenhower and deployed in January 1979 for IKEs maiden , Mediterranean voyage . From April through December 1980 , the air wing embarked for an Indian Ocean deployment in support of operations to rescue the hostages in Tehran , following in September and October by NATO exercises in the North Atlantic . From January to July 1982 , Air Wing Seven embarked for a Mediterranean deployment which included support for the evacuation of Americans from Lebanon . In April 1983 , the IKE/CVW-7 team began another Mediterranean deployment that included the first over water night intercept for an F-14 , multiple Carrier Battle Group operations with USS Independence and , and support of the Multi-national Peace Keeping Force in Beirut , Lebanon . Reunited in 1987 , the IKE/CVW-7 team worked up in preparation for Mediterranean Deployment , followed by extensive work ups in preparation for a 1990 deployment . Mediterranean Deployment 2-90 became a Red Sea excursion as the IKE/CVW-7 Battle Group was the first on scene to deter Iraqi aggression in Operation Desert Shield . Once relieved IKE/CVW-7 returned home and began a compressed turnaround training cycle for a May 1991 CENTCOM deployment . As Operation Desert Storm progressed to quick victory , the deployment was delayed to reestablish the normal CV deployment cycle . In September 1991 CVW-7/IKE deployed to the Red Sea/Persian Gulf as part of post hostilities Operation Desert Storm . They were the first CV and Air Wing team to deploy for a second time to the Gulf War . 1990s operations . In September 1992 CVW-7 initially embarked in for a weapons system shakedown . The air wing deployed on USS George Washington as a component of Commander , Cruiser Destroyer Group Two on 20 May 1994 . Following refresher carrier qualifications , the Battle Group transited to Portsmouth , England to participate in the Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the D-Day invasion . The Commemoration activities were highlighted by port visits to England , Brest , France and President Bill Clintons stay aboard the carrier . Following turnover with , the Battle Group proceeded directly to the Adriatic to conduct operations in support of Operation Deny Flight and Sharp Guard . In response to aggressive Iraqi troop movements south towards Kuwait , the George Washington Battle Group transited the Suez Canal at maximum speed . Persian Gulf Operations Vigilant and Southern Watch were resumed on 15 October 1994 . After Iraqi forces turned north and tensions eased , the Battle Group returned to the Mediterranean Sea . Turnover with the IKE Battle Group took place north of the Suez Canal and USS George Washington/CVW-7 returned to a rainy Norfolk on 17 November 1994 . In September 1996 CVW-7 began preparations for a 26 February 1998 around the world deployment in . This Joint Task Group 98-2 deployment included over four months on station in the Northern Persian Gulf supporting Operation Southern Watch . Into the 21st century . In 2000 CVW-7 was again deployed with USS Dwight D . Eisenhower to the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean . Two years later , the Wing was deployed to the same regions aboard USS John F . Kennedy and aboard USS George Washington , before finally returning to Dwight D . Eisenhower in 2006–2007 . Two deployments aboard Dwight D . Eisenhower followed in 2009 and 2010.<ref As part of Operation Vigilant Resolve , on 28 April 2004 , Carrier Air Wing Seven squadrons VFA-136 , VFA-131 , VF-11 , and VF-143 flew combat air sorties against insurgents in Fallujah , dropping 13 GBU-12 Paveway II laser-guided bombs on insurgent positions , while providing combat air support to the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force . In April and May 2008 , CVW-7s strike fighter squadrons accompanied George Washington from Norfolk , Virginia , to San Diego , California , around Cape Hoorn . Although formally assigned to CVW-17 , the squadrons kept their AG tail code . Four deployments aboard Dwight D . Eisenhower followed in 2009 , 2010 , 2012 and 2013 . In 2015 , CVW-7 was reassigned to and began a scheduled deployment to the U.S . 6th and 5th Fleet areas of operation on 16 November . On May 22 , 2018 CVW-7 was assigned to . Current force . Fixed-wing aircraft . - F/A-18E/F Super Hornet - EA-18G Growler - E-2 Hawkeye - C-2 Greyhound Rotary wing aircraft . - MH-60S Seahawk - MH-60R Seahawk

easy

What was the official name of Carrier Air Wing Seven from Nov 1946 to Sep 1948?

/wiki/Carrier_Air_Wing_Seven#P1448#1

Carrier Air Wing Seven Carrier Air Wing Seven ( CVW-7 ) is a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing based at Naval Air Station Oceana , Virginia . At the moment , CVW-7 is assigned to the USS George H . W . Bush . The tail code of aircraft assigned to CVW-7 is AG . Mission . To conduct carrier air warfare operations and assist in the planning , control , coordination and integration of seven air wing squadrons in support of carrier air warfare including ; Interception and destruction of enemy aircraft and missiles in all-weather conditions to establish and maintain local air superiority . All-weather offensive air-to-surface attacks , Detection , localization , and destruction of enemy ships and submarines to establish and maintain local sea control . Aerial photographic , sighting , and electronic intelligence for naval and joint operations . Airborne early warning service to fleet forces and shore warning nets . Airborne electronic countermeasures . In-flight refueling operations to extend the range and the endurance of air wing aircraft and Search and rescue operations . Subordinate units . CVW-7 consists of 9 Squadrons History . World War II to 1950 . Carrier Air Wing Seven was originally established 20 July 1943 at Naval Air Station Alameda , California , as Carrier Air Group Eighteen . After an intensive training period , the air group embarked in and participated in combat operations against the Japanese during World War II . In September 1945 , the air group transferred to Naval Air Station Quonset Point , Rhode Island . On 15 November the Navy changed the designation scheme for its Carrier Air Groups and CVG-18 was re-designated CVAG-7 . On 1 September 1948 the designation scheme was again changed and the Air Group became Carrier Air Group Seven ( CVG-7 ) ( it was the second Air Group to carry the CVG-7 designation ; the first CVG-7 existed from January 1944 to July 1946 ) . Cold War . During the Korean War , the air group flew close air support strikes , attacks on industrial facilities and supply line interdiction missions from the deck of . After moving from Quonset Point to Naval Air Station Oceana in 1958 , the Air Group teamed up with and deployed as the first all jet air wing . On 20 December 1963 all Carrier Air Groups were re-designated Carrier Air Wings and CVG-7 became Carrier Air Wing Seven ( CVW-7 ) . During the years from 1966 – 1977 the air wing completed seven Mediterranean deployments in USS Independence and participated in numerous North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) exercises . In early 1978 , Air Wing Seven embarked in for shakedown and weapons training in the Roosevelt Roads , Puerto Rico operating area . On 1 March 1978 , Air Wing SEVEN became permanently assigned to USS Dwight D . Eisenhower and deployed in January 1979 for IKEs maiden , Mediterranean voyage . From April through December 1980 , the air wing embarked for an Indian Ocean deployment in support of operations to rescue the hostages in Tehran , following in September and October by NATO exercises in the North Atlantic . From January to July 1982 , Air Wing Seven embarked for a Mediterranean deployment which included support for the evacuation of Americans from Lebanon . In April 1983 , the IKE/CVW-7 team began another Mediterranean deployment that included the first over water night intercept for an F-14 , multiple Carrier Battle Group operations with USS Independence and , and support of the Multi-national Peace Keeping Force in Beirut , Lebanon . Reunited in 1987 , the IKE/CVW-7 team worked up in preparation for Mediterranean Deployment , followed by extensive work ups in preparation for a 1990 deployment . Mediterranean Deployment 2-90 became a Red Sea excursion as the IKE/CVW-7 Battle Group was the first on scene to deter Iraqi aggression in Operation Desert Shield . Once relieved IKE/CVW-7 returned home and began a compressed turnaround training cycle for a May 1991 CENTCOM deployment . As Operation Desert Storm progressed to quick victory , the deployment was delayed to reestablish the normal CV deployment cycle . In September 1991 CVW-7/IKE deployed to the Red Sea/Persian Gulf as part of post hostilities Operation Desert Storm . They were the first CV and Air Wing team to deploy for a second time to the Gulf War . 1990s operations . In September 1992 CVW-7 initially embarked in for a weapons system shakedown . The air wing deployed on USS George Washington as a component of Commander , Cruiser Destroyer Group Two on 20 May 1994 . Following refresher carrier qualifications , the Battle Group transited to Portsmouth , England to participate in the Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the D-Day invasion . The Commemoration activities were highlighted by port visits to England , Brest , France and President Bill Clintons stay aboard the carrier . Following turnover with , the Battle Group proceeded directly to the Adriatic to conduct operations in support of Operation Deny Flight and Sharp Guard . In response to aggressive Iraqi troop movements south towards Kuwait , the George Washington Battle Group transited the Suez Canal at maximum speed . Persian Gulf Operations Vigilant and Southern Watch were resumed on 15 October 1994 . After Iraqi forces turned north and tensions eased , the Battle Group returned to the Mediterranean Sea . Turnover with the IKE Battle Group took place north of the Suez Canal and USS George Washington/CVW-7 returned to a rainy Norfolk on 17 November 1994 . In September 1996 CVW-7 began preparations for a 26 February 1998 around the world deployment in . This Joint Task Group 98-2 deployment included over four months on station in the Northern Persian Gulf supporting Operation Southern Watch . Into the 21st century . In 2000 CVW-7 was again deployed with USS Dwight D . Eisenhower to the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean . Two years later , the Wing was deployed to the same regions aboard USS John F . Kennedy and aboard USS George Washington , before finally returning to Dwight D . Eisenhower in 2006–2007 . Two deployments aboard Dwight D . Eisenhower followed in 2009 and 2010.<ref As part of Operation Vigilant Resolve , on 28 April 2004 , Carrier Air Wing Seven squadrons VFA-136 , VFA-131 , VF-11 , and VF-143 flew combat air sorties against insurgents in Fallujah , dropping 13 GBU-12 Paveway II laser-guided bombs on insurgent positions , while providing combat air support to the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force . In April and May 2008 , CVW-7s strike fighter squadrons accompanied George Washington from Norfolk , Virginia , to San Diego , California , around Cape Hoorn . Although formally assigned to CVW-17 , the squadrons kept their AG tail code . Four deployments aboard Dwight D . Eisenhower followed in 2009 , 2010 , 2012 and 2013 . In 2015 , CVW-7 was reassigned to and began a scheduled deployment to the U.S . 6th and 5th Fleet areas of operation on 16 November . On May 22 , 2018 CVW-7 was assigned to . Current force . Fixed-wing aircraft . - F/A-18E/F Super Hornet - EA-18G Growler - E-2 Hawkeye - C-2 Greyhound Rotary wing aircraft . - MH-60S Seahawk - MH-60R Seahawk

easy

Carrier Air Wing Seven was officially named what from Sep 1948 to Dec 1963?

/wiki/Carrier_Air_Wing_Seven#P1448#2

Carrier Air Wing Seven Carrier Air Wing Seven ( CVW-7 ) is a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing based at Naval Air Station Oceana , Virginia . At the moment , CVW-7 is assigned to the USS George H . W . Bush . The tail code of aircraft assigned to CVW-7 is AG . Mission . To conduct carrier air warfare operations and assist in the planning , control , coordination and integration of seven air wing squadrons in support of carrier air warfare including ; Interception and destruction of enemy aircraft and missiles in all-weather conditions to establish and maintain local air superiority . All-weather offensive air-to-surface attacks , Detection , localization , and destruction of enemy ships and submarines to establish and maintain local sea control . Aerial photographic , sighting , and electronic intelligence for naval and joint operations . Airborne early warning service to fleet forces and shore warning nets . Airborne electronic countermeasures . In-flight refueling operations to extend the range and the endurance of air wing aircraft and Search and rescue operations . Subordinate units . CVW-7 consists of 9 Squadrons History . World War II to 1950 . Carrier Air Wing Seven was originally established 20 July 1943 at Naval Air Station Alameda , California , as Carrier Air Group Eighteen . After an intensive training period , the air group embarked in and participated in combat operations against the Japanese during World War II . In September 1945 , the air group transferred to Naval Air Station Quonset Point , Rhode Island . On 15 November the Navy changed the designation scheme for its Carrier Air Groups and CVG-18 was re-designated CVAG-7 . On 1 September 1948 the designation scheme was again changed and the Air Group became Carrier Air Group Seven ( CVG-7 ) ( it was the second Air Group to carry the CVG-7 designation ; the first CVG-7 existed from January 1944 to July 1946 ) . Cold War . During the Korean War , the air group flew close air support strikes , attacks on industrial facilities and supply line interdiction missions from the deck of . After moving from Quonset Point to Naval Air Station Oceana in 1958 , the Air Group teamed up with and deployed as the first all jet air wing . On 20 December 1963 all Carrier Air Groups were re-designated Carrier Air Wings and CVG-7 became Carrier Air Wing Seven ( CVW-7 ) . During the years from 1966 – 1977 the air wing completed seven Mediterranean deployments in USS Independence and participated in numerous North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) exercises . In early 1978 , Air Wing Seven embarked in for shakedown and weapons training in the Roosevelt Roads , Puerto Rico operating area . On 1 March 1978 , Air Wing SEVEN became permanently assigned to USS Dwight D . Eisenhower and deployed in January 1979 for IKEs maiden , Mediterranean voyage . From April through December 1980 , the air wing embarked for an Indian Ocean deployment in support of operations to rescue the hostages in Tehran , following in September and October by NATO exercises in the North Atlantic . From January to July 1982 , Air Wing Seven embarked for a Mediterranean deployment which included support for the evacuation of Americans from Lebanon . In April 1983 , the IKE/CVW-7 team began another Mediterranean deployment that included the first over water night intercept for an F-14 , multiple Carrier Battle Group operations with USS Independence and , and support of the Multi-national Peace Keeping Force in Beirut , Lebanon . Reunited in 1987 , the IKE/CVW-7 team worked up in preparation for Mediterranean Deployment , followed by extensive work ups in preparation for a 1990 deployment . Mediterranean Deployment 2-90 became a Red Sea excursion as the IKE/CVW-7 Battle Group was the first on scene to deter Iraqi aggression in Operation Desert Shield . Once relieved IKE/CVW-7 returned home and began a compressed turnaround training cycle for a May 1991 CENTCOM deployment . As Operation Desert Storm progressed to quick victory , the deployment was delayed to reestablish the normal CV deployment cycle . In September 1991 CVW-7/IKE deployed to the Red Sea/Persian Gulf as part of post hostilities Operation Desert Storm . They were the first CV and Air Wing team to deploy for a second time to the Gulf War . 1990s operations . In September 1992 CVW-7 initially embarked in for a weapons system shakedown . The air wing deployed on USS George Washington as a component of Commander , Cruiser Destroyer Group Two on 20 May 1994 . Following refresher carrier qualifications , the Battle Group transited to Portsmouth , England to participate in the Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the D-Day invasion . The Commemoration activities were highlighted by port visits to England , Brest , France and President Bill Clintons stay aboard the carrier . Following turnover with , the Battle Group proceeded directly to the Adriatic to conduct operations in support of Operation Deny Flight and Sharp Guard . In response to aggressive Iraqi troop movements south towards Kuwait , the George Washington Battle Group transited the Suez Canal at maximum speed . Persian Gulf Operations Vigilant and Southern Watch were resumed on 15 October 1994 . After Iraqi forces turned north and tensions eased , the Battle Group returned to the Mediterranean Sea . Turnover with the IKE Battle Group took place north of the Suez Canal and USS George Washington/CVW-7 returned to a rainy Norfolk on 17 November 1994 . In September 1996 CVW-7 began preparations for a 26 February 1998 around the world deployment in . This Joint Task Group 98-2 deployment included over four months on station in the Northern Persian Gulf supporting Operation Southern Watch . Into the 21st century . In 2000 CVW-7 was again deployed with USS Dwight D . Eisenhower to the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean . Two years later , the Wing was deployed to the same regions aboard USS John F . Kennedy and aboard USS George Washington , before finally returning to Dwight D . Eisenhower in 2006–2007 . Two deployments aboard Dwight D . Eisenhower followed in 2009 and 2010.<ref As part of Operation Vigilant Resolve , on 28 April 2004 , Carrier Air Wing Seven squadrons VFA-136 , VFA-131 , VF-11 , and VF-143 flew combat air sorties against insurgents in Fallujah , dropping 13 GBU-12 Paveway II laser-guided bombs on insurgent positions , while providing combat air support to the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force . In April and May 2008 , CVW-7s strike fighter squadrons accompanied George Washington from Norfolk , Virginia , to San Diego , California , around Cape Hoorn . Although formally assigned to CVW-17 , the squadrons kept their AG tail code . Four deployments aboard Dwight D . Eisenhower followed in 2009 , 2010 , 2012 and 2013 . In 2015 , CVW-7 was reassigned to and began a scheduled deployment to the U.S . 6th and 5th Fleet areas of operation on 16 November . On May 22 , 2018 CVW-7 was assigned to . Current force . Fixed-wing aircraft . - F/A-18E/F Super Hornet - EA-18G Growler - E-2 Hawkeye - C-2 Greyhound Rotary wing aircraft . - MH-60S Seahawk - MH-60R Seahawk

easy

Carrier Air Wing Seven was officially named what from Dec 1963 to Dec 1964?

/wiki/Carrier_Air_Wing_Seven#P1448#3

Carrier Air Wing Seven Carrier Air Wing Seven ( CVW-7 ) is a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing based at Naval Air Station Oceana , Virginia . At the moment , CVW-7 is assigned to the USS George H . W . Bush . The tail code of aircraft assigned to CVW-7 is AG . Mission . To conduct carrier air warfare operations and assist in the planning , control , coordination and integration of seven air wing squadrons in support of carrier air warfare including ; Interception and destruction of enemy aircraft and missiles in all-weather conditions to establish and maintain local air superiority . All-weather offensive air-to-surface attacks , Detection , localization , and destruction of enemy ships and submarines to establish and maintain local sea control . Aerial photographic , sighting , and electronic intelligence for naval and joint operations . Airborne early warning service to fleet forces and shore warning nets . Airborne electronic countermeasures . In-flight refueling operations to extend the range and the endurance of air wing aircraft and Search and rescue operations . Subordinate units . CVW-7 consists of 9 Squadrons History . World War II to 1950 . Carrier Air Wing Seven was originally established 20 July 1943 at Naval Air Station Alameda , California , as Carrier Air Group Eighteen . After an intensive training period , the air group embarked in and participated in combat operations against the Japanese during World War II . In September 1945 , the air group transferred to Naval Air Station Quonset Point , Rhode Island . On 15 November the Navy changed the designation scheme for its Carrier Air Groups and CVG-18 was re-designated CVAG-7 . On 1 September 1948 the designation scheme was again changed and the Air Group became Carrier Air Group Seven ( CVG-7 ) ( it was the second Air Group to carry the CVG-7 designation ; the first CVG-7 existed from January 1944 to July 1946 ) . Cold War . During the Korean War , the air group flew close air support strikes , attacks on industrial facilities and supply line interdiction missions from the deck of . After moving from Quonset Point to Naval Air Station Oceana in 1958 , the Air Group teamed up with and deployed as the first all jet air wing . On 20 December 1963 all Carrier Air Groups were re-designated Carrier Air Wings and CVG-7 became Carrier Air Wing Seven ( CVW-7 ) . During the years from 1966 – 1977 the air wing completed seven Mediterranean deployments in USS Independence and participated in numerous North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) exercises . In early 1978 , Air Wing Seven embarked in for shakedown and weapons training in the Roosevelt Roads , Puerto Rico operating area . On 1 March 1978 , Air Wing SEVEN became permanently assigned to USS Dwight D . Eisenhower and deployed in January 1979 for IKEs maiden , Mediterranean voyage . From April through December 1980 , the air wing embarked for an Indian Ocean deployment in support of operations to rescue the hostages in Tehran , following in September and October by NATO exercises in the North Atlantic . From January to July 1982 , Air Wing Seven embarked for a Mediterranean deployment which included support for the evacuation of Americans from Lebanon . In April 1983 , the IKE/CVW-7 team began another Mediterranean deployment that included the first over water night intercept for an F-14 , multiple Carrier Battle Group operations with USS Independence and , and support of the Multi-national Peace Keeping Force in Beirut , Lebanon . Reunited in 1987 , the IKE/CVW-7 team worked up in preparation for Mediterranean Deployment , followed by extensive work ups in preparation for a 1990 deployment . Mediterranean Deployment 2-90 became a Red Sea excursion as the IKE/CVW-7 Battle Group was the first on scene to deter Iraqi aggression in Operation Desert Shield . Once relieved IKE/CVW-7 returned home and began a compressed turnaround training cycle for a May 1991 CENTCOM deployment . As Operation Desert Storm progressed to quick victory , the deployment was delayed to reestablish the normal CV deployment cycle . In September 1991 CVW-7/IKE deployed to the Red Sea/Persian Gulf as part of post hostilities Operation Desert Storm . They were the first CV and Air Wing team to deploy for a second time to the Gulf War . 1990s operations . In September 1992 CVW-7 initially embarked in for a weapons system shakedown . The air wing deployed on USS George Washington as a component of Commander , Cruiser Destroyer Group Two on 20 May 1994 . Following refresher carrier qualifications , the Battle Group transited to Portsmouth , England to participate in the Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the D-Day invasion . The Commemoration activities were highlighted by port visits to England , Brest , France and President Bill Clintons stay aboard the carrier . Following turnover with , the Battle Group proceeded directly to the Adriatic to conduct operations in support of Operation Deny Flight and Sharp Guard . In response to aggressive Iraqi troop movements south towards Kuwait , the George Washington Battle Group transited the Suez Canal at maximum speed . Persian Gulf Operations Vigilant and Southern Watch were resumed on 15 October 1994 . After Iraqi forces turned north and tensions eased , the Battle Group returned to the Mediterranean Sea . Turnover with the IKE Battle Group took place north of the Suez Canal and USS George Washington/CVW-7 returned to a rainy Norfolk on 17 November 1994 . In September 1996 CVW-7 began preparations for a 26 February 1998 around the world deployment in . This Joint Task Group 98-2 deployment included over four months on station in the Northern Persian Gulf supporting Operation Southern Watch . Into the 21st century . In 2000 CVW-7 was again deployed with USS Dwight D . Eisenhower to the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean . Two years later , the Wing was deployed to the same regions aboard USS John F . Kennedy and aboard USS George Washington , before finally returning to Dwight D . Eisenhower in 2006–2007 . Two deployments aboard Dwight D . Eisenhower followed in 2009 and 2010.<ref As part of Operation Vigilant Resolve , on 28 April 2004 , Carrier Air Wing Seven squadrons VFA-136 , VFA-131 , VF-11 , and VF-143 flew combat air sorties against insurgents in Fallujah , dropping 13 GBU-12 Paveway II laser-guided bombs on insurgent positions , while providing combat air support to the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force . In April and May 2008 , CVW-7s strike fighter squadrons accompanied George Washington from Norfolk , Virginia , to San Diego , California , around Cape Hoorn . Although formally assigned to CVW-17 , the squadrons kept their AG tail code . Four deployments aboard Dwight D . Eisenhower followed in 2009 , 2010 , 2012 and 2013 . In 2015 , CVW-7 was reassigned to and began a scheduled deployment to the U.S . 6th and 5th Fleet areas of operation on 16 November . On May 22 , 2018 CVW-7 was assigned to . Current force . Fixed-wing aircraft . - F/A-18E/F Super Hornet - EA-18G Growler - E-2 Hawkeye - C-2 Greyhound Rotary wing aircraft . - MH-60S Seahawk - MH-60R Seahawk

easy

What was the position of Douglas Hyde from 1893 to 1894?

/wiki/Douglas_Hyde#P39#0

Douglas Hyde Douglas Ross Hyde ( ; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949 ) , known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( lit . the pleasant little branch ) , was an Irish academic , linguist , scholar of the Irish language , politician and diplomat who served as the first President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945 . He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival , and the first President of the Gaelic League , one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time . Background . Hyde was born at Longford House in Castlerea , County Roscommon , while his mother , Elizabeth née Oldfield ( 1834–1886 ) was on a short visit . His father , Arthur Hyde , whose family were originally from Castlehyde , Fermoy , County Cork , was Church of Ireland rector of Kilmactranny , County Sligo , from 1852 to 1867 , and it was here that Hyde spent his early years . Arthur Hyde and Elizabeth Oldfield married in County Roscommon , in 1852 , and had three other children , Arthur ( 1853–79 in County Leitrim ) , John Oldfield ( 1854–96 in County Dublin ) , and Hugh ( 1856 ) Hyde . In 1867 , his father was appointed prebendary and rector of Tibohine , and the family moved to neighbouring Frenchpark , in County Roscommon . He was home schooled by his father and his aunt due to a childhood illness . While a young man , he became fascinated with hearing the old people in the locality speak the Irish language . He was influenced in particular by the gamekeeper Seamus Hart and his friends wife , Mrs . Connolly . Aged 14 , Hyde was devastated when Hart died , and his interest in the Irish language—the first language he began to study in any detail , as his own undertaking—flagged for a while . However , he visited Dublin a number of times and realised that there were groups of people , just like him , interested in Irish , a language looked down on at the time by many and seen as backward and old-fashioned . Rejecting family pressure that , like past generations of Hydes , he would follow a career in the Church , Hyde instead became an academic . He entered Trinity College Dublin , where he became fluent in French , Latin , German , Greek and Hebrew , graduating in 1884 as a moderator in modern literature . A medallist of the College Historical Society , he was elected its president in 1931 . His passion for Irish , already a language in severe decline , led him to help found the Gaelic League , or in Irish , Conradh na Gaeilge , in 1893 . Hyde married German-born but British-raised Lucy Kurtz in 1893 . The couple had two daughters , Nuala and Úna . Conradh na Gaeilge/Gaelic League . Hyde joined the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language around 1880 , and between 1879 and 1884 , he published more than a hundred pieces of Irish verse under the pen name An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( The Pleasant Little Branch ) . Initially derided , the Irish language movement gained a mass following . Hyde helped establish the Gaelic Journal in 1892 ; in November , he wrote a manifesto called The necessity for de-anglicising the Irish nation , arguing that Ireland should follow its own traditions in language , literature and dress . In 1893 , he helped found Conradh na Gaeilge ( the Gaelic League ) to encourage the preservation of Irish culture , music , dance and language . A new generation of Irish republicans ( including Pádraig Pearse , Éamon de Valera , Michael Collins and Ernest Blythe ) , became politicised through their involvement in Conradh na Gaeilge . Hyde filled out the 1911 census form in Irish . Uncomfortable at the growing politicisation of the movement , Hyde resigned the presidency in 1915 . He was succeeded by the Leagues co-founder Eoin MacNeill . Senator . Hyde had no association with Sinn Féin and the independence movement . He was elected to Seanad Éireann , the upper house of the Irish Free States Oireachtas ( parliament ) , at a by-election on 4 February 1925 , replacing Sir Hutcheson Poë . In the 1925 Seanad election , Hyde placed 28th of the 78 candidates , with 19 seats available . The Catholic Truth Society opposed him for his Protestantism and publicised his supposed support for divorce . Historians have suggested that the CTS campaign was ineffective , and that Irish-language advocates performed poorly , with all those endorsed by the Gaelic League losing . He returned to academia as Professor of Irish at University College Dublin , where one of his students was future Attorney General of Ireland , Chief Justice of Ireland and President of Ireland , Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh . President of Ireland . Nomination . In April 1938 , by now retired from academia , Hyde was plucked from retirement by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera and again appointed to Seanad Éireann . Again his tenure proved short , even shorter than before ; however , this time it was because Hyde was chosen , after inter-party negotiations—following an initial suggestion by Fine Gael—to be the first President of Ireland , to which office he was elected unopposed . He was selected for a number of reasons : - Both the Taoiseach , Éamon de Valera , and the Leader of the Opposition , W . T . Cosgrave , admired him ; - Both wanted a President with universal prestige to lend credibility to the new office , especially since the new 1937 Constitution made it unclear whether the President or the British monarch was the official head of state ; - Both wanted to purge the humiliation that had occurred when Hyde lost his Senate seat in 1925 ; - Both wanted a President who would prove there was no danger that the holder of the office would become an authoritarian dictator , a widespread fear when the new constitution was being discussed in 1937 ; - Both wanted to pay tribute to Hydes role in promoting the Irish language . - Both wanted to choose a non-Catholic to disprove the assertion that the State was a confessional state , although on 11 May 1937 Seán MacEntee , the Fianna Fáil Minister of Finance , had described the 1937 Constitution in the Dáil as the Constitution of a Catholic State . Inauguration . Hyde was inaugurated as the first President of Ireland , on 26 June 1938 . The Irish Times reported it as follows : Hyde set a precedent by reciting the Presidential Declaration of Office in Irish . His recitation , in Roscommon Irish , is one of a few recordings of a dialect of which Hyde was one of the last speakers . Upon inauguration , he moved into the long vacant Viceregal Lodge in Phoenix Park , since known as Áras an Uachtaráin . Hydes selection and inauguration received worldwide media attention and was covered by newspapers in Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Argentina , and even Egypt . Hitler ordered the Berlin newspapers to splash on the Irish presidential installation ceremony . However , the British government ignored the event . The Northern Ireland Finance Minister , John Miller Andrews , described Hydes inauguration as a slight on the King and a deplorable tragedy . Presidency . Despite being placed in a position to shape the office of the presidency via precedent , Hyde by and large opted for a quiet , conservative interpretation of the office . His age and health obligated him to schedule periods of rest throughout his days , and his lack of political experience caused him to defer to his advisers on questions of policy and discretionary powers , especially to his Secretary , Michael McDunphy . On 13 November 1938 , just months after Hydes inauguration , Hyde attended an international soccer match between Ireland and Poland at Dalymount Park in Dublin . This was seen as breaching the GAAs ban on foreign games and he was subsequently removed as patron of the GAA , an honour he had held since 1902 . However , after a massive stroke in April 1940 , plans were made for his lying-in-state and state funeral . However , Hyde survived , albeit paralysed and having to use a wheelchair . Although the role of President of Ireland was largely ceremonial , Hyde did make important decisions during his presidency . He was confronted with a crisis in 1944 , when de Valeras government unexpectedly collapsed in a vote on the Transport Bill and the President had to decide whether or not to grant a dissolution of the Dáil to de Valera . Under the Constitution the President of Ireland may grant or refuse a dissolution of the Dáil to a Taoiseach who has ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . If a dissolution is granted , a general election is proclaimed to fill the seats now vacated by the dissolution . However , this means that for four to six weeks , until the new Dáil assembles , there is no Dáil . Fearing this gap might facilitate an invasion during World War II , during which no parliament could be called upon to deal with the invasion , the Oireachtas enacted emergency legislation ( under Article 28.3.3° ) - the General Elections ( Emergency Powers ) Act 1943 - which allowed an election to be called separate from a dissolution , with the Dáil only being dissolved just before new Dáil would assemble , so ensuring the gap between Dála ( plural of Dáil ) would be too short to facilitate an invasion . Under the Act the President could refuse to proclaim a general election on the advice of a Taoiseach who had ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . Hyde had that option , but after considering it with his senior advisor , Michael McDunphy , he opted to grant de Valera his election request . Hyde twice used his power under Article 26 of the Constitution , having consulted the Council of State , to refer a Bill or part of a Bill to the Supreme Court , for the courts decision on whether the Bill or part referred is repugnant to the Constitution ( so that the Bill in question cannot be signed into law ) . On the first occasion , the court held that the Bill referred – Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Bill , 1940 – was not repugnant to the Constitution . In response to the second reference , the Court decided that the particular provision referred – section 4 of the School Attendance Bill , 1942 – was repugnant to the Constitution . Because of Article 34.3.3° of the Constitution , the constitutional validity of the Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Act , 1940 cannot be challenged in any court , since the Bill which became that Act was found by the Supreme Court not to be repugnant in the context of an Article 26 reference . One of Hydes last presidential acts was a visit to the German Ambassador Eduard Hempel , on 3 May 1945 , to offer his formal condolences on the death of Adolf Hitler . The visit remained a secret until 2005 . Retirement and death . Hyde left office on 25 June 1945 , opting not to nominate himself for a second term . Owing to his ill-health he did not return to his Roscommon home , Ratra , empty since the death of his wife early in his term . He moved into the former residence of the Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant , in the grounds of Áras an Uachtaráin , which he renamed Little Ratra , where he lived out the remaining four years of his life . He died at 10pm on 12 July 1949 , aged 89 . State funeral . As a former President of Ireland he was accorded a state funeral . A problem arose ; as a member of the Church of Ireland , his funeral service took place in Dublins Church of Ireland St . Patricks Cathedral . However , contemporary rules of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland prohibited Roman Catholics from attending services in non-Catholic churches . As a result , all but one member of the Catholic cabinet , Noël Browne , remained outside the cathedral grounds while Hydes funeral took place . They then joined the cortège when his coffin left the cathedral . Éamon de Valera , by now Leader of the Opposition also did not attend , being represented by a senior Fianna Fáil figure who was a member of the Church of Ireland , Erskine H . Childers , a future President of Ireland himself . Hyde was buried in Frenchpark , County Roscommon at Portahard Church , ( where he had spent most of his childhood life ) beside his wife Lucy , his daughter Nuala , his sister Annette , mother Elizabeth and father Arthur . External links . - Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website - Oireachtas Members Database – Profile - Dunleavy , Janet Egleson and Gareth W . Dunleavy . Douglas Hyde : A Maker of Modern Ireland . Berkeley et al. : Univ . of California Press , 1991 . Available from eScholarship . - Hyde , Douglas . The Love Songs of Connacht : Being the Fourth Chapter of the Songs of Connacht . Dundrum , Ireland : Dun Emer Press , 1904 . Available from Google Books .

easy

What was the position of Douglas Hyde from 1894 to 1915?

/wiki/Douglas_Hyde#P39#1

Douglas Hyde Douglas Ross Hyde ( ; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949 ) , known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( lit . the pleasant little branch ) , was an Irish academic , linguist , scholar of the Irish language , politician and diplomat who served as the first President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945 . He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival , and the first President of the Gaelic League , one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time . Background . Hyde was born at Longford House in Castlerea , County Roscommon , while his mother , Elizabeth née Oldfield ( 1834–1886 ) was on a short visit . His father , Arthur Hyde , whose family were originally from Castlehyde , Fermoy , County Cork , was Church of Ireland rector of Kilmactranny , County Sligo , from 1852 to 1867 , and it was here that Hyde spent his early years . Arthur Hyde and Elizabeth Oldfield married in County Roscommon , in 1852 , and had three other children , Arthur ( 1853–79 in County Leitrim ) , John Oldfield ( 1854–96 in County Dublin ) , and Hugh ( 1856 ) Hyde . In 1867 , his father was appointed prebendary and rector of Tibohine , and the family moved to neighbouring Frenchpark , in County Roscommon . He was home schooled by his father and his aunt due to a childhood illness . While a young man , he became fascinated with hearing the old people in the locality speak the Irish language . He was influenced in particular by the gamekeeper Seamus Hart and his friends wife , Mrs . Connolly . Aged 14 , Hyde was devastated when Hart died , and his interest in the Irish language—the first language he began to study in any detail , as his own undertaking—flagged for a while . However , he visited Dublin a number of times and realised that there were groups of people , just like him , interested in Irish , a language looked down on at the time by many and seen as backward and old-fashioned . Rejecting family pressure that , like past generations of Hydes , he would follow a career in the Church , Hyde instead became an academic . He entered Trinity College Dublin , where he became fluent in French , Latin , German , Greek and Hebrew , graduating in 1884 as a moderator in modern literature . A medallist of the College Historical Society , he was elected its president in 1931 . His passion for Irish , already a language in severe decline , led him to help found the Gaelic League , or in Irish , Conradh na Gaeilge , in 1893 . Hyde married German-born but British-raised Lucy Kurtz in 1893 . The couple had two daughters , Nuala and Úna . Conradh na Gaeilge/Gaelic League . Hyde joined the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language around 1880 , and between 1879 and 1884 , he published more than a hundred pieces of Irish verse under the pen name An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( The Pleasant Little Branch ) . Initially derided , the Irish language movement gained a mass following . Hyde helped establish the Gaelic Journal in 1892 ; in November , he wrote a manifesto called The necessity for de-anglicising the Irish nation , arguing that Ireland should follow its own traditions in language , literature and dress . In 1893 , he helped found Conradh na Gaeilge ( the Gaelic League ) to encourage the preservation of Irish culture , music , dance and language . A new generation of Irish republicans ( including Pádraig Pearse , Éamon de Valera , Michael Collins and Ernest Blythe ) , became politicised through their involvement in Conradh na Gaeilge . Hyde filled out the 1911 census form in Irish . Uncomfortable at the growing politicisation of the movement , Hyde resigned the presidency in 1915 . He was succeeded by the Leagues co-founder Eoin MacNeill . Senator . Hyde had no association with Sinn Féin and the independence movement . He was elected to Seanad Éireann , the upper house of the Irish Free States Oireachtas ( parliament ) , at a by-election on 4 February 1925 , replacing Sir Hutcheson Poë . In the 1925 Seanad election , Hyde placed 28th of the 78 candidates , with 19 seats available . The Catholic Truth Society opposed him for his Protestantism and publicised his supposed support for divorce . Historians have suggested that the CTS campaign was ineffective , and that Irish-language advocates performed poorly , with all those endorsed by the Gaelic League losing . He returned to academia as Professor of Irish at University College Dublin , where one of his students was future Attorney General of Ireland , Chief Justice of Ireland and President of Ireland , Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh . President of Ireland . Nomination . In April 1938 , by now retired from academia , Hyde was plucked from retirement by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera and again appointed to Seanad Éireann . Again his tenure proved short , even shorter than before ; however , this time it was because Hyde was chosen , after inter-party negotiations—following an initial suggestion by Fine Gael—to be the first President of Ireland , to which office he was elected unopposed . He was selected for a number of reasons : - Both the Taoiseach , Éamon de Valera , and the Leader of the Opposition , W . T . Cosgrave , admired him ; - Both wanted a President with universal prestige to lend credibility to the new office , especially since the new 1937 Constitution made it unclear whether the President or the British monarch was the official head of state ; - Both wanted to purge the humiliation that had occurred when Hyde lost his Senate seat in 1925 ; - Both wanted a President who would prove there was no danger that the holder of the office would become an authoritarian dictator , a widespread fear when the new constitution was being discussed in 1937 ; - Both wanted to pay tribute to Hydes role in promoting the Irish language . - Both wanted to choose a non-Catholic to disprove the assertion that the State was a confessional state , although on 11 May 1937 Seán MacEntee , the Fianna Fáil Minister of Finance , had described the 1937 Constitution in the Dáil as the Constitution of a Catholic State . Inauguration . Hyde was inaugurated as the first President of Ireland , on 26 June 1938 . The Irish Times reported it as follows : Hyde set a precedent by reciting the Presidential Declaration of Office in Irish . His recitation , in Roscommon Irish , is one of a few recordings of a dialect of which Hyde was one of the last speakers . Upon inauguration , he moved into the long vacant Viceregal Lodge in Phoenix Park , since known as Áras an Uachtaráin . Hydes selection and inauguration received worldwide media attention and was covered by newspapers in Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Argentina , and even Egypt . Hitler ordered the Berlin newspapers to splash on the Irish presidential installation ceremony . However , the British government ignored the event . The Northern Ireland Finance Minister , John Miller Andrews , described Hydes inauguration as a slight on the King and a deplorable tragedy . Presidency . Despite being placed in a position to shape the office of the presidency via precedent , Hyde by and large opted for a quiet , conservative interpretation of the office . His age and health obligated him to schedule periods of rest throughout his days , and his lack of political experience caused him to defer to his advisers on questions of policy and discretionary powers , especially to his Secretary , Michael McDunphy . On 13 November 1938 , just months after Hydes inauguration , Hyde attended an international soccer match between Ireland and Poland at Dalymount Park in Dublin . This was seen as breaching the GAAs ban on foreign games and he was subsequently removed as patron of the GAA , an honour he had held since 1902 . However , after a massive stroke in April 1940 , plans were made for his lying-in-state and state funeral . However , Hyde survived , albeit paralysed and having to use a wheelchair . Although the role of President of Ireland was largely ceremonial , Hyde did make important decisions during his presidency . He was confronted with a crisis in 1944 , when de Valeras government unexpectedly collapsed in a vote on the Transport Bill and the President had to decide whether or not to grant a dissolution of the Dáil to de Valera . Under the Constitution the President of Ireland may grant or refuse a dissolution of the Dáil to a Taoiseach who has ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . If a dissolution is granted , a general election is proclaimed to fill the seats now vacated by the dissolution . However , this means that for four to six weeks , until the new Dáil assembles , there is no Dáil . Fearing this gap might facilitate an invasion during World War II , during which no parliament could be called upon to deal with the invasion , the Oireachtas enacted emergency legislation ( under Article 28.3.3° ) - the General Elections ( Emergency Powers ) Act 1943 - which allowed an election to be called separate from a dissolution , with the Dáil only being dissolved just before new Dáil would assemble , so ensuring the gap between Dála ( plural of Dáil ) would be too short to facilitate an invasion . Under the Act the President could refuse to proclaim a general election on the advice of a Taoiseach who had ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . Hyde had that option , but after considering it with his senior advisor , Michael McDunphy , he opted to grant de Valera his election request . Hyde twice used his power under Article 26 of the Constitution , having consulted the Council of State , to refer a Bill or part of a Bill to the Supreme Court , for the courts decision on whether the Bill or part referred is repugnant to the Constitution ( so that the Bill in question cannot be signed into law ) . On the first occasion , the court held that the Bill referred – Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Bill , 1940 – was not repugnant to the Constitution . In response to the second reference , the Court decided that the particular provision referred – section 4 of the School Attendance Bill , 1942 – was repugnant to the Constitution . Because of Article 34.3.3° of the Constitution , the constitutional validity of the Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Act , 1940 cannot be challenged in any court , since the Bill which became that Act was found by the Supreme Court not to be repugnant in the context of an Article 26 reference . One of Hydes last presidential acts was a visit to the German Ambassador Eduard Hempel , on 3 May 1945 , to offer his formal condolences on the death of Adolf Hitler . The visit remained a secret until 2005 . Retirement and death . Hyde left office on 25 June 1945 , opting not to nominate himself for a second term . Owing to his ill-health he did not return to his Roscommon home , Ratra , empty since the death of his wife early in his term . He moved into the former residence of the Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant , in the grounds of Áras an Uachtaráin , which he renamed Little Ratra , where he lived out the remaining four years of his life . He died at 10pm on 12 July 1949 , aged 89 . State funeral . As a former President of Ireland he was accorded a state funeral . A problem arose ; as a member of the Church of Ireland , his funeral service took place in Dublins Church of Ireland St . Patricks Cathedral . However , contemporary rules of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland prohibited Roman Catholics from attending services in non-Catholic churches . As a result , all but one member of the Catholic cabinet , Noël Browne , remained outside the cathedral grounds while Hydes funeral took place . They then joined the cortège when his coffin left the cathedral . Éamon de Valera , by now Leader of the Opposition also did not attend , being represented by a senior Fianna Fáil figure who was a member of the Church of Ireland , Erskine H . Childers , a future President of Ireland himself . Hyde was buried in Frenchpark , County Roscommon at Portahard Church , ( where he had spent most of his childhood life ) beside his wife Lucy , his daughter Nuala , his sister Annette , mother Elizabeth and father Arthur . External links . - Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website - Oireachtas Members Database – Profile - Dunleavy , Janet Egleson and Gareth W . Dunleavy . Douglas Hyde : A Maker of Modern Ireland . Berkeley et al. : Univ . of California Press , 1991 . Available from eScholarship . - Hyde , Douglas . The Love Songs of Connacht : Being the Fourth Chapter of the Songs of Connacht . Dundrum , Ireland : Dun Emer Press , 1904 . Available from Google Books .