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Which position did Douglas Hyde hold from Feb 1925 to Apr 1938?

/wiki/Douglas_Hyde#P39#2

Douglas Hyde Douglas Ross Hyde ( ; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949 ) , known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( lit . the pleasant little branch ) , was an Irish academic , linguist , scholar of the Irish language , politician and diplomat who served as the first President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945 . He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival , and the first President of the Gaelic League , one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time . Background . Hyde was born at Longford House in Castlerea , County Roscommon , while his mother , Elizabeth née Oldfield ( 1834–1886 ) was on a short visit . His father , Arthur Hyde , whose family were originally from Castlehyde , Fermoy , County Cork , was Church of Ireland rector of Kilmactranny , County Sligo , from 1852 to 1867 , and it was here that Hyde spent his early years . Arthur Hyde and Elizabeth Oldfield married in County Roscommon , in 1852 , and had three other children , Arthur ( 1853–79 in County Leitrim ) , John Oldfield ( 1854–96 in County Dublin ) , and Hugh ( 1856 ) Hyde . In 1867 , his father was appointed prebendary and rector of Tibohine , and the family moved to neighbouring Frenchpark , in County Roscommon . He was home schooled by his father and his aunt due to a childhood illness . While a young man , he became fascinated with hearing the old people in the locality speak the Irish language . He was influenced in particular by the gamekeeper Seamus Hart and his friends wife , Mrs . Connolly . Aged 14 , Hyde was devastated when Hart died , and his interest in the Irish language—the first language he began to study in any detail , as his own undertaking—flagged for a while . However , he visited Dublin a number of times and realised that there were groups of people , just like him , interested in Irish , a language looked down on at the time by many and seen as backward and old-fashioned . Rejecting family pressure that , like past generations of Hydes , he would follow a career in the Church , Hyde instead became an academic . He entered Trinity College Dublin , where he became fluent in French , Latin , German , Greek and Hebrew , graduating in 1884 as a moderator in modern literature . A medallist of the College Historical Society , he was elected its president in 1931 . His passion for Irish , already a language in severe decline , led him to help found the Gaelic League , or in Irish , Conradh na Gaeilge , in 1893 . Hyde married German-born but British-raised Lucy Kurtz in 1893 . The couple had two daughters , Nuala and Úna . Conradh na Gaeilge/Gaelic League . Hyde joined the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language around 1880 , and between 1879 and 1884 , he published more than a hundred pieces of Irish verse under the pen name An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( The Pleasant Little Branch ) . Initially derided , the Irish language movement gained a mass following . Hyde helped establish the Gaelic Journal in 1892 ; in November , he wrote a manifesto called The necessity for de-anglicising the Irish nation , arguing that Ireland should follow its own traditions in language , literature and dress . In 1893 , he helped found Conradh na Gaeilge ( the Gaelic League ) to encourage the preservation of Irish culture , music , dance and language . A new generation of Irish republicans ( including Pádraig Pearse , Éamon de Valera , Michael Collins and Ernest Blythe ) , became politicised through their involvement in Conradh na Gaeilge . Hyde filled out the 1911 census form in Irish . Uncomfortable at the growing politicisation of the movement , Hyde resigned the presidency in 1915 . He was succeeded by the Leagues co-founder Eoin MacNeill . Senator . Hyde had no association with Sinn Féin and the independence movement . He was elected to Seanad Éireann , the upper house of the Irish Free States Oireachtas ( parliament ) , at a by-election on 4 February 1925 , replacing Sir Hutcheson Poë . In the 1925 Seanad election , Hyde placed 28th of the 78 candidates , with 19 seats available . The Catholic Truth Society opposed him for his Protestantism and publicised his supposed support for divorce . Historians have suggested that the CTS campaign was ineffective , and that Irish-language advocates performed poorly , with all those endorsed by the Gaelic League losing . He returned to academia as Professor of Irish at University College Dublin , where one of his students was future Attorney General of Ireland , Chief Justice of Ireland and President of Ireland , Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh . President of Ireland . Nomination . In April 1938 , by now retired from academia , Hyde was plucked from retirement by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera and again appointed to Seanad Éireann . Again his tenure proved short , even shorter than before ; however , this time it was because Hyde was chosen , after inter-party negotiations—following an initial suggestion by Fine Gael—to be the first President of Ireland , to which office he was elected unopposed . He was selected for a number of reasons : - Both the Taoiseach , Éamon de Valera , and the Leader of the Opposition , W . T . Cosgrave , admired him ; - Both wanted a President with universal prestige to lend credibility to the new office , especially since the new 1937 Constitution made it unclear whether the President or the British monarch was the official head of state ; - Both wanted to purge the humiliation that had occurred when Hyde lost his Senate seat in 1925 ; - Both wanted a President who would prove there was no danger that the holder of the office would become an authoritarian dictator , a widespread fear when the new constitution was being discussed in 1937 ; - Both wanted to pay tribute to Hydes role in promoting the Irish language . - Both wanted to choose a non-Catholic to disprove the assertion that the State was a confessional state , although on 11 May 1937 Seán MacEntee , the Fianna Fáil Minister of Finance , had described the 1937 Constitution in the Dáil as the Constitution of a Catholic State . Inauguration . Hyde was inaugurated as the first President of Ireland , on 26 June 1938 . The Irish Times reported it as follows : Hyde set a precedent by reciting the Presidential Declaration of Office in Irish . His recitation , in Roscommon Irish , is one of a few recordings of a dialect of which Hyde was one of the last speakers . Upon inauguration , he moved into the long vacant Viceregal Lodge in Phoenix Park , since known as Áras an Uachtaráin . Hydes selection and inauguration received worldwide media attention and was covered by newspapers in Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Argentina , and even Egypt . Hitler ordered the Berlin newspapers to splash on the Irish presidential installation ceremony . However , the British government ignored the event . The Northern Ireland Finance Minister , John Miller Andrews , described Hydes inauguration as a slight on the King and a deplorable tragedy . Presidency . Despite being placed in a position to shape the office of the presidency via precedent , Hyde by and large opted for a quiet , conservative interpretation of the office . His age and health obligated him to schedule periods of rest throughout his days , and his lack of political experience caused him to defer to his advisers on questions of policy and discretionary powers , especially to his Secretary , Michael McDunphy . On 13 November 1938 , just months after Hydes inauguration , Hyde attended an international soccer match between Ireland and Poland at Dalymount Park in Dublin . This was seen as breaching the GAAs ban on foreign games and he was subsequently removed as patron of the GAA , an honour he had held since 1902 . However , after a massive stroke in April 1940 , plans were made for his lying-in-state and state funeral . However , Hyde survived , albeit paralysed and having to use a wheelchair . Although the role of President of Ireland was largely ceremonial , Hyde did make important decisions during his presidency . He was confronted with a crisis in 1944 , when de Valeras government unexpectedly collapsed in a vote on the Transport Bill and the President had to decide whether or not to grant a dissolution of the Dáil to de Valera . Under the Constitution the President of Ireland may grant or refuse a dissolution of the Dáil to a Taoiseach who has ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . If a dissolution is granted , a general election is proclaimed to fill the seats now vacated by the dissolution . However , this means that for four to six weeks , until the new Dáil assembles , there is no Dáil . Fearing this gap might facilitate an invasion during World War II , during which no parliament could be called upon to deal with the invasion , the Oireachtas enacted emergency legislation ( under Article 28.3.3° ) - the General Elections ( Emergency Powers ) Act 1943 - which allowed an election to be called separate from a dissolution , with the Dáil only being dissolved just before new Dáil would assemble , so ensuring the gap between Dála ( plural of Dáil ) would be too short to facilitate an invasion . Under the Act the President could refuse to proclaim a general election on the advice of a Taoiseach who had ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . Hyde had that option , but after considering it with his senior advisor , Michael McDunphy , he opted to grant de Valera his election request . Hyde twice used his power under Article 26 of the Constitution , having consulted the Council of State , to refer a Bill or part of a Bill to the Supreme Court , for the courts decision on whether the Bill or part referred is repugnant to the Constitution ( so that the Bill in question cannot be signed into law ) . On the first occasion , the court held that the Bill referred – Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Bill , 1940 – was not repugnant to the Constitution . In response to the second reference , the Court decided that the particular provision referred – section 4 of the School Attendance Bill , 1942 – was repugnant to the Constitution . Because of Article 34.3.3° of the Constitution , the constitutional validity of the Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Act , 1940 cannot be challenged in any court , since the Bill which became that Act was found by the Supreme Court not to be repugnant in the context of an Article 26 reference . One of Hydes last presidential acts was a visit to the German Ambassador Eduard Hempel , on 3 May 1945 , to offer his formal condolences on the death of Adolf Hitler . The visit remained a secret until 2005 . Retirement and death . Hyde left office on 25 June 1945 , opting not to nominate himself for a second term . Owing to his ill-health he did not return to his Roscommon home , Ratra , empty since the death of his wife early in his term . He moved into the former residence of the Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant , in the grounds of Áras an Uachtaráin , which he renamed Little Ratra , where he lived out the remaining four years of his life . He died at 10pm on 12 July 1949 , aged 89 . State funeral . As a former President of Ireland he was accorded a state funeral . A problem arose ; as a member of the Church of Ireland , his funeral service took place in Dublins Church of Ireland St . Patricks Cathedral . However , contemporary rules of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland prohibited Roman Catholics from attending services in non-Catholic churches . As a result , all but one member of the Catholic cabinet , Noël Browne , remained outside the cathedral grounds while Hydes funeral took place . They then joined the cortège when his coffin left the cathedral . Éamon de Valera , by now Leader of the Opposition also did not attend , being represented by a senior Fianna Fáil figure who was a member of the Church of Ireland , Erskine H . Childers , a future President of Ireland himself . Hyde was buried in Frenchpark , County Roscommon at Portahard Church , ( where he had spent most of his childhood life ) beside his wife Lucy , his daughter Nuala , his sister Annette , mother Elizabeth and father Arthur . External links . - Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website - Oireachtas Members Database – Profile - Dunleavy , Janet Egleson and Gareth W . Dunleavy . Douglas Hyde : A Maker of Modern Ireland . Berkeley et al. : Univ . of California Press , 1991 . Available from eScholarship . - Hyde , Douglas . The Love Songs of Connacht : Being the Fourth Chapter of the Songs of Connacht . Dundrum , Ireland : Dun Emer Press , 1904 . Available from Google Books .

easy

What position did Douglas Hyde take in Apr 1938?

/wiki/Douglas_Hyde#P39#3

Douglas Hyde Douglas Ross Hyde ( ; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949 ) , known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( lit . the pleasant little branch ) , was an Irish academic , linguist , scholar of the Irish language , politician and diplomat who served as the first President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945 . He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival , and the first President of the Gaelic League , one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time . Background . Hyde was born at Longford House in Castlerea , County Roscommon , while his mother , Elizabeth née Oldfield ( 1834–1886 ) was on a short visit . His father , Arthur Hyde , whose family were originally from Castlehyde , Fermoy , County Cork , was Church of Ireland rector of Kilmactranny , County Sligo , from 1852 to 1867 , and it was here that Hyde spent his early years . Arthur Hyde and Elizabeth Oldfield married in County Roscommon , in 1852 , and had three other children , Arthur ( 1853–79 in County Leitrim ) , John Oldfield ( 1854–96 in County Dublin ) , and Hugh ( 1856 ) Hyde . In 1867 , his father was appointed prebendary and rector of Tibohine , and the family moved to neighbouring Frenchpark , in County Roscommon . He was home schooled by his father and his aunt due to a childhood illness . While a young man , he became fascinated with hearing the old people in the locality speak the Irish language . He was influenced in particular by the gamekeeper Seamus Hart and his friends wife , Mrs . Connolly . Aged 14 , Hyde was devastated when Hart died , and his interest in the Irish language—the first language he began to study in any detail , as his own undertaking—flagged for a while . However , he visited Dublin a number of times and realised that there were groups of people , just like him , interested in Irish , a language looked down on at the time by many and seen as backward and old-fashioned . Rejecting family pressure that , like past generations of Hydes , he would follow a career in the Church , Hyde instead became an academic . He entered Trinity College Dublin , where he became fluent in French , Latin , German , Greek and Hebrew , graduating in 1884 as a moderator in modern literature . A medallist of the College Historical Society , he was elected its president in 1931 . His passion for Irish , already a language in severe decline , led him to help found the Gaelic League , or in Irish , Conradh na Gaeilge , in 1893 . Hyde married German-born but British-raised Lucy Kurtz in 1893 . The couple had two daughters , Nuala and Úna . Conradh na Gaeilge/Gaelic League . Hyde joined the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language around 1880 , and between 1879 and 1884 , he published more than a hundred pieces of Irish verse under the pen name An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( The Pleasant Little Branch ) . Initially derided , the Irish language movement gained a mass following . Hyde helped establish the Gaelic Journal in 1892 ; in November , he wrote a manifesto called The necessity for de-anglicising the Irish nation , arguing that Ireland should follow its own traditions in language , literature and dress . In 1893 , he helped found Conradh na Gaeilge ( the Gaelic League ) to encourage the preservation of Irish culture , music , dance and language . A new generation of Irish republicans ( including Pádraig Pearse , Éamon de Valera , Michael Collins and Ernest Blythe ) , became politicised through their involvement in Conradh na Gaeilge . Hyde filled out the 1911 census form in Irish . Uncomfortable at the growing politicisation of the movement , Hyde resigned the presidency in 1915 . He was succeeded by the Leagues co-founder Eoin MacNeill . Senator . Hyde had no association with Sinn Féin and the independence movement . He was elected to Seanad Éireann , the upper house of the Irish Free States Oireachtas ( parliament ) , at a by-election on 4 February 1925 , replacing Sir Hutcheson Poë . In the 1925 Seanad election , Hyde placed 28th of the 78 candidates , with 19 seats available . The Catholic Truth Society opposed him for his Protestantism and publicised his supposed support for divorce . Historians have suggested that the CTS campaign was ineffective , and that Irish-language advocates performed poorly , with all those endorsed by the Gaelic League losing . He returned to academia as Professor of Irish at University College Dublin , where one of his students was future Attorney General of Ireland , Chief Justice of Ireland and President of Ireland , Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh . President of Ireland . Nomination . In April 1938 , by now retired from academia , Hyde was plucked from retirement by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera and again appointed to Seanad Éireann . Again his tenure proved short , even shorter than before ; however , this time it was because Hyde was chosen , after inter-party negotiations—following an initial suggestion by Fine Gael—to be the first President of Ireland , to which office he was elected unopposed . He was selected for a number of reasons : - Both the Taoiseach , Éamon de Valera , and the Leader of the Opposition , W . T . Cosgrave , admired him ; - Both wanted a President with universal prestige to lend credibility to the new office , especially since the new 1937 Constitution made it unclear whether the President or the British monarch was the official head of state ; - Both wanted to purge the humiliation that had occurred when Hyde lost his Senate seat in 1925 ; - Both wanted a President who would prove there was no danger that the holder of the office would become an authoritarian dictator , a widespread fear when the new constitution was being discussed in 1937 ; - Both wanted to pay tribute to Hydes role in promoting the Irish language . - Both wanted to choose a non-Catholic to disprove the assertion that the State was a confessional state , although on 11 May 1937 Seán MacEntee , the Fianna Fáil Minister of Finance , had described the 1937 Constitution in the Dáil as the Constitution of a Catholic State . Inauguration . Hyde was inaugurated as the first President of Ireland , on 26 June 1938 . The Irish Times reported it as follows : Hyde set a precedent by reciting the Presidential Declaration of Office in Irish . His recitation , in Roscommon Irish , is one of a few recordings of a dialect of which Hyde was one of the last speakers . Upon inauguration , he moved into the long vacant Viceregal Lodge in Phoenix Park , since known as Áras an Uachtaráin . Hydes selection and inauguration received worldwide media attention and was covered by newspapers in Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Argentina , and even Egypt . Hitler ordered the Berlin newspapers to splash on the Irish presidential installation ceremony . However , the British government ignored the event . The Northern Ireland Finance Minister , John Miller Andrews , described Hydes inauguration as a slight on the King and a deplorable tragedy . Presidency . Despite being placed in a position to shape the office of the presidency via precedent , Hyde by and large opted for a quiet , conservative interpretation of the office . His age and health obligated him to schedule periods of rest throughout his days , and his lack of political experience caused him to defer to his advisers on questions of policy and discretionary powers , especially to his Secretary , Michael McDunphy . On 13 November 1938 , just months after Hydes inauguration , Hyde attended an international soccer match between Ireland and Poland at Dalymount Park in Dublin . This was seen as breaching the GAAs ban on foreign games and he was subsequently removed as patron of the GAA , an honour he had held since 1902 . However , after a massive stroke in April 1940 , plans were made for his lying-in-state and state funeral . However , Hyde survived , albeit paralysed and having to use a wheelchair . Although the role of President of Ireland was largely ceremonial , Hyde did make important decisions during his presidency . He was confronted with a crisis in 1944 , when de Valeras government unexpectedly collapsed in a vote on the Transport Bill and the President had to decide whether or not to grant a dissolution of the Dáil to de Valera . Under the Constitution the President of Ireland may grant or refuse a dissolution of the Dáil to a Taoiseach who has ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . If a dissolution is granted , a general election is proclaimed to fill the seats now vacated by the dissolution . However , this means that for four to six weeks , until the new Dáil assembles , there is no Dáil . Fearing this gap might facilitate an invasion during World War II , during which no parliament could be called upon to deal with the invasion , the Oireachtas enacted emergency legislation ( under Article 28.3.3° ) - the General Elections ( Emergency Powers ) Act 1943 - which allowed an election to be called separate from a dissolution , with the Dáil only being dissolved just before new Dáil would assemble , so ensuring the gap between Dála ( plural of Dáil ) would be too short to facilitate an invasion . Under the Act the President could refuse to proclaim a general election on the advice of a Taoiseach who had ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . Hyde had that option , but after considering it with his senior advisor , Michael McDunphy , he opted to grant de Valera his election request . Hyde twice used his power under Article 26 of the Constitution , having consulted the Council of State , to refer a Bill or part of a Bill to the Supreme Court , for the courts decision on whether the Bill or part referred is repugnant to the Constitution ( so that the Bill in question cannot be signed into law ) . On the first occasion , the court held that the Bill referred – Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Bill , 1940 – was not repugnant to the Constitution . In response to the second reference , the Court decided that the particular provision referred – section 4 of the School Attendance Bill , 1942 – was repugnant to the Constitution . Because of Article 34.3.3° of the Constitution , the constitutional validity of the Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Act , 1940 cannot be challenged in any court , since the Bill which became that Act was found by the Supreme Court not to be repugnant in the context of an Article 26 reference . One of Hydes last presidential acts was a visit to the German Ambassador Eduard Hempel , on 3 May 1945 , to offer his formal condolences on the death of Adolf Hitler . The visit remained a secret until 2005 . Retirement and death . Hyde left office on 25 June 1945 , opting not to nominate himself for a second term . Owing to his ill-health he did not return to his Roscommon home , Ratra , empty since the death of his wife early in his term . He moved into the former residence of the Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant , in the grounds of Áras an Uachtaráin , which he renamed Little Ratra , where he lived out the remaining four years of his life . He died at 10pm on 12 July 1949 , aged 89 . State funeral . As a former President of Ireland he was accorded a state funeral . A problem arose ; as a member of the Church of Ireland , his funeral service took place in Dublins Church of Ireland St . Patricks Cathedral . However , contemporary rules of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland prohibited Roman Catholics from attending services in non-Catholic churches . As a result , all but one member of the Catholic cabinet , Noël Browne , remained outside the cathedral grounds while Hydes funeral took place . They then joined the cortège when his coffin left the cathedral . Éamon de Valera , by now Leader of the Opposition also did not attend , being represented by a senior Fianna Fáil figure who was a member of the Church of Ireland , Erskine H . Childers , a future President of Ireland himself . Hyde was buried in Frenchpark , County Roscommon at Portahard Church , ( where he had spent most of his childhood life ) beside his wife Lucy , his daughter Nuala , his sister Annette , mother Elizabeth and father Arthur . External links . - Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website - Oireachtas Members Database – Profile - Dunleavy , Janet Egleson and Gareth W . Dunleavy . Douglas Hyde : A Maker of Modern Ireland . Berkeley et al. : Univ . of California Press , 1991 . Available from eScholarship . - Hyde , Douglas . The Love Songs of Connacht : Being the Fourth Chapter of the Songs of Connacht . Dundrum , Ireland : Dun Emer Press , 1904 . Available from Google Books .

easy

Douglas Hyde took which position in May 1938?

/wiki/Douglas_Hyde#P39#4

Douglas Hyde Douglas Ross Hyde ( ; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949 ) , known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( lit . the pleasant little branch ) , was an Irish academic , linguist , scholar of the Irish language , politician and diplomat who served as the first President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945 . He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival , and the first President of the Gaelic League , one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time . Background . Hyde was born at Longford House in Castlerea , County Roscommon , while his mother , Elizabeth née Oldfield ( 1834–1886 ) was on a short visit . His father , Arthur Hyde , whose family were originally from Castlehyde , Fermoy , County Cork , was Church of Ireland rector of Kilmactranny , County Sligo , from 1852 to 1867 , and it was here that Hyde spent his early years . Arthur Hyde and Elizabeth Oldfield married in County Roscommon , in 1852 , and had three other children , Arthur ( 1853–79 in County Leitrim ) , John Oldfield ( 1854–96 in County Dublin ) , and Hugh ( 1856 ) Hyde . In 1867 , his father was appointed prebendary and rector of Tibohine , and the family moved to neighbouring Frenchpark , in County Roscommon . He was home schooled by his father and his aunt due to a childhood illness . While a young man , he became fascinated with hearing the old people in the locality speak the Irish language . He was influenced in particular by the gamekeeper Seamus Hart and his friends wife , Mrs . Connolly . Aged 14 , Hyde was devastated when Hart died , and his interest in the Irish language—the first language he began to study in any detail , as his own undertaking—flagged for a while . However , he visited Dublin a number of times and realised that there were groups of people , just like him , interested in Irish , a language looked down on at the time by many and seen as backward and old-fashioned . Rejecting family pressure that , like past generations of Hydes , he would follow a career in the Church , Hyde instead became an academic . He entered Trinity College Dublin , where he became fluent in French , Latin , German , Greek and Hebrew , graduating in 1884 as a moderator in modern literature . A medallist of the College Historical Society , he was elected its president in 1931 . His passion for Irish , already a language in severe decline , led him to help found the Gaelic League , or in Irish , Conradh na Gaeilge , in 1893 . Hyde married German-born but British-raised Lucy Kurtz in 1893 . The couple had two daughters , Nuala and Úna . Conradh na Gaeilge/Gaelic League . Hyde joined the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language around 1880 , and between 1879 and 1884 , he published more than a hundred pieces of Irish verse under the pen name An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( The Pleasant Little Branch ) . Initially derided , the Irish language movement gained a mass following . Hyde helped establish the Gaelic Journal in 1892 ; in November , he wrote a manifesto called The necessity for de-anglicising the Irish nation , arguing that Ireland should follow its own traditions in language , literature and dress . In 1893 , he helped found Conradh na Gaeilge ( the Gaelic League ) to encourage the preservation of Irish culture , music , dance and language . A new generation of Irish republicans ( including Pádraig Pearse , Éamon de Valera , Michael Collins and Ernest Blythe ) , became politicised through their involvement in Conradh na Gaeilge . Hyde filled out the 1911 census form in Irish . Uncomfortable at the growing politicisation of the movement , Hyde resigned the presidency in 1915 . He was succeeded by the Leagues co-founder Eoin MacNeill . Senator . Hyde had no association with Sinn Féin and the independence movement . He was elected to Seanad Éireann , the upper house of the Irish Free States Oireachtas ( parliament ) , at a by-election on 4 February 1925 , replacing Sir Hutcheson Poë . In the 1925 Seanad election , Hyde placed 28th of the 78 candidates , with 19 seats available . The Catholic Truth Society opposed him for his Protestantism and publicised his supposed support for divorce . Historians have suggested that the CTS campaign was ineffective , and that Irish-language advocates performed poorly , with all those endorsed by the Gaelic League losing . He returned to academia as Professor of Irish at University College Dublin , where one of his students was future Attorney General of Ireland , Chief Justice of Ireland and President of Ireland , Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh . President of Ireland . Nomination . In April 1938 , by now retired from academia , Hyde was plucked from retirement by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera and again appointed to Seanad Éireann . Again his tenure proved short , even shorter than before ; however , this time it was because Hyde was chosen , after inter-party negotiations—following an initial suggestion by Fine Gael—to be the first President of Ireland , to which office he was elected unopposed . He was selected for a number of reasons : - Both the Taoiseach , Éamon de Valera , and the Leader of the Opposition , W . T . Cosgrave , admired him ; - Both wanted a President with universal prestige to lend credibility to the new office , especially since the new 1937 Constitution made it unclear whether the President or the British monarch was the official head of state ; - Both wanted to purge the humiliation that had occurred when Hyde lost his Senate seat in 1925 ; - Both wanted a President who would prove there was no danger that the holder of the office would become an authoritarian dictator , a widespread fear when the new constitution was being discussed in 1937 ; - Both wanted to pay tribute to Hydes role in promoting the Irish language . - Both wanted to choose a non-Catholic to disprove the assertion that the State was a confessional state , although on 11 May 1937 Seán MacEntee , the Fianna Fáil Minister of Finance , had described the 1937 Constitution in the Dáil as the Constitution of a Catholic State . Inauguration . Hyde was inaugurated as the first President of Ireland , on 26 June 1938 . The Irish Times reported it as follows : Hyde set a precedent by reciting the Presidential Declaration of Office in Irish . His recitation , in Roscommon Irish , is one of a few recordings of a dialect of which Hyde was one of the last speakers . Upon inauguration , he moved into the long vacant Viceregal Lodge in Phoenix Park , since known as Áras an Uachtaráin . Hydes selection and inauguration received worldwide media attention and was covered by newspapers in Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Argentina , and even Egypt . Hitler ordered the Berlin newspapers to splash on the Irish presidential installation ceremony . However , the British government ignored the event . The Northern Ireland Finance Minister , John Miller Andrews , described Hydes inauguration as a slight on the King and a deplorable tragedy . Presidency . Despite being placed in a position to shape the office of the presidency via precedent , Hyde by and large opted for a quiet , conservative interpretation of the office . His age and health obligated him to schedule periods of rest throughout his days , and his lack of political experience caused him to defer to his advisers on questions of policy and discretionary powers , especially to his Secretary , Michael McDunphy . On 13 November 1938 , just months after Hydes inauguration , Hyde attended an international soccer match between Ireland and Poland at Dalymount Park in Dublin . This was seen as breaching the GAAs ban on foreign games and he was subsequently removed as patron of the GAA , an honour he had held since 1902 . However , after a massive stroke in April 1940 , plans were made for his lying-in-state and state funeral . However , Hyde survived , albeit paralysed and having to use a wheelchair . Although the role of President of Ireland was largely ceremonial , Hyde did make important decisions during his presidency . He was confronted with a crisis in 1944 , when de Valeras government unexpectedly collapsed in a vote on the Transport Bill and the President had to decide whether or not to grant a dissolution of the Dáil to de Valera . Under the Constitution the President of Ireland may grant or refuse a dissolution of the Dáil to a Taoiseach who has ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . If a dissolution is granted , a general election is proclaimed to fill the seats now vacated by the dissolution . However , this means that for four to six weeks , until the new Dáil assembles , there is no Dáil . Fearing this gap might facilitate an invasion during World War II , during which no parliament could be called upon to deal with the invasion , the Oireachtas enacted emergency legislation ( under Article 28.3.3° ) - the General Elections ( Emergency Powers ) Act 1943 - which allowed an election to be called separate from a dissolution , with the Dáil only being dissolved just before new Dáil would assemble , so ensuring the gap between Dála ( plural of Dáil ) would be too short to facilitate an invasion . Under the Act the President could refuse to proclaim a general election on the advice of a Taoiseach who had ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . Hyde had that option , but after considering it with his senior advisor , Michael McDunphy , he opted to grant de Valera his election request . Hyde twice used his power under Article 26 of the Constitution , having consulted the Council of State , to refer a Bill or part of a Bill to the Supreme Court , for the courts decision on whether the Bill or part referred is repugnant to the Constitution ( so that the Bill in question cannot be signed into law ) . On the first occasion , the court held that the Bill referred – Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Bill , 1940 – was not repugnant to the Constitution . In response to the second reference , the Court decided that the particular provision referred – section 4 of the School Attendance Bill , 1942 – was repugnant to the Constitution . Because of Article 34.3.3° of the Constitution , the constitutional validity of the Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Act , 1940 cannot be challenged in any court , since the Bill which became that Act was found by the Supreme Court not to be repugnant in the context of an Article 26 reference . One of Hydes last presidential acts was a visit to the German Ambassador Eduard Hempel , on 3 May 1945 , to offer his formal condolences on the death of Adolf Hitler . The visit remained a secret until 2005 . Retirement and death . Hyde left office on 25 June 1945 , opting not to nominate himself for a second term . Owing to his ill-health he did not return to his Roscommon home , Ratra , empty since the death of his wife early in his term . He moved into the former residence of the Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant , in the grounds of Áras an Uachtaráin , which he renamed Little Ratra , where he lived out the remaining four years of his life . He died at 10pm on 12 July 1949 , aged 89 . State funeral . As a former President of Ireland he was accorded a state funeral . A problem arose ; as a member of the Church of Ireland , his funeral service took place in Dublins Church of Ireland St . Patricks Cathedral . However , contemporary rules of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland prohibited Roman Catholics from attending services in non-Catholic churches . As a result , all but one member of the Catholic cabinet , Noël Browne , remained outside the cathedral grounds while Hydes funeral took place . They then joined the cortège when his coffin left the cathedral . Éamon de Valera , by now Leader of the Opposition also did not attend , being represented by a senior Fianna Fáil figure who was a member of the Church of Ireland , Erskine H . Childers , a future President of Ireland himself . Hyde was buried in Frenchpark , County Roscommon at Portahard Church , ( where he had spent most of his childhood life ) beside his wife Lucy , his daughter Nuala , his sister Annette , mother Elizabeth and father Arthur . External links . - Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website - Oireachtas Members Database – Profile - Dunleavy , Janet Egleson and Gareth W . Dunleavy . Douglas Hyde : A Maker of Modern Ireland . Berkeley et al. : Univ . of California Press , 1991 . Available from eScholarship . - Hyde , Douglas . The Love Songs of Connacht : Being the Fourth Chapter of the Songs of Connacht . Dundrum , Ireland : Dun Emer Press , 1904 . Available from Google Books .

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Douglas Hyde took which position from Jun 1938 to Jun 1945?

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Douglas Hyde Douglas Ross Hyde ( ; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949 ) , known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( lit . the pleasant little branch ) , was an Irish academic , linguist , scholar of the Irish language , politician and diplomat who served as the first President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945 . He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival , and the first President of the Gaelic League , one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time . Background . Hyde was born at Longford House in Castlerea , County Roscommon , while his mother , Elizabeth née Oldfield ( 1834–1886 ) was on a short visit . His father , Arthur Hyde , whose family were originally from Castlehyde , Fermoy , County Cork , was Church of Ireland rector of Kilmactranny , County Sligo , from 1852 to 1867 , and it was here that Hyde spent his early years . Arthur Hyde and Elizabeth Oldfield married in County Roscommon , in 1852 , and had three other children , Arthur ( 1853–79 in County Leitrim ) , John Oldfield ( 1854–96 in County Dublin ) , and Hugh ( 1856 ) Hyde . In 1867 , his father was appointed prebendary and rector of Tibohine , and the family moved to neighbouring Frenchpark , in County Roscommon . He was home schooled by his father and his aunt due to a childhood illness . While a young man , he became fascinated with hearing the old people in the locality speak the Irish language . He was influenced in particular by the gamekeeper Seamus Hart and his friends wife , Mrs . Connolly . Aged 14 , Hyde was devastated when Hart died , and his interest in the Irish language—the first language he began to study in any detail , as his own undertaking—flagged for a while . However , he visited Dublin a number of times and realised that there were groups of people , just like him , interested in Irish , a language looked down on at the time by many and seen as backward and old-fashioned . Rejecting family pressure that , like past generations of Hydes , he would follow a career in the Church , Hyde instead became an academic . He entered Trinity College Dublin , where he became fluent in French , Latin , German , Greek and Hebrew , graduating in 1884 as a moderator in modern literature . A medallist of the College Historical Society , he was elected its president in 1931 . His passion for Irish , already a language in severe decline , led him to help found the Gaelic League , or in Irish , Conradh na Gaeilge , in 1893 . Hyde married German-born but British-raised Lucy Kurtz in 1893 . The couple had two daughters , Nuala and Úna . Conradh na Gaeilge/Gaelic League . Hyde joined the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language around 1880 , and between 1879 and 1884 , he published more than a hundred pieces of Irish verse under the pen name An Craoibhín Aoibhinn ( The Pleasant Little Branch ) . Initially derided , the Irish language movement gained a mass following . Hyde helped establish the Gaelic Journal in 1892 ; in November , he wrote a manifesto called The necessity for de-anglicising the Irish nation , arguing that Ireland should follow its own traditions in language , literature and dress . In 1893 , he helped found Conradh na Gaeilge ( the Gaelic League ) to encourage the preservation of Irish culture , music , dance and language . A new generation of Irish republicans ( including Pádraig Pearse , Éamon de Valera , Michael Collins and Ernest Blythe ) , became politicised through their involvement in Conradh na Gaeilge . Hyde filled out the 1911 census form in Irish . Uncomfortable at the growing politicisation of the movement , Hyde resigned the presidency in 1915 . He was succeeded by the Leagues co-founder Eoin MacNeill . Senator . Hyde had no association with Sinn Féin and the independence movement . He was elected to Seanad Éireann , the upper house of the Irish Free States Oireachtas ( parliament ) , at a by-election on 4 February 1925 , replacing Sir Hutcheson Poë . In the 1925 Seanad election , Hyde placed 28th of the 78 candidates , with 19 seats available . The Catholic Truth Society opposed him for his Protestantism and publicised his supposed support for divorce . Historians have suggested that the CTS campaign was ineffective , and that Irish-language advocates performed poorly , with all those endorsed by the Gaelic League losing . He returned to academia as Professor of Irish at University College Dublin , where one of his students was future Attorney General of Ireland , Chief Justice of Ireland and President of Ireland , Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh . President of Ireland . Nomination . In April 1938 , by now retired from academia , Hyde was plucked from retirement by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera and again appointed to Seanad Éireann . Again his tenure proved short , even shorter than before ; however , this time it was because Hyde was chosen , after inter-party negotiations—following an initial suggestion by Fine Gael—to be the first President of Ireland , to which office he was elected unopposed . He was selected for a number of reasons : - Both the Taoiseach , Éamon de Valera , and the Leader of the Opposition , W . T . Cosgrave , admired him ; - Both wanted a President with universal prestige to lend credibility to the new office , especially since the new 1937 Constitution made it unclear whether the President or the British monarch was the official head of state ; - Both wanted to purge the humiliation that had occurred when Hyde lost his Senate seat in 1925 ; - Both wanted a President who would prove there was no danger that the holder of the office would become an authoritarian dictator , a widespread fear when the new constitution was being discussed in 1937 ; - Both wanted to pay tribute to Hydes role in promoting the Irish language . - Both wanted to choose a non-Catholic to disprove the assertion that the State was a confessional state , although on 11 May 1937 Seán MacEntee , the Fianna Fáil Minister of Finance , had described the 1937 Constitution in the Dáil as the Constitution of a Catholic State . Inauguration . Hyde was inaugurated as the first President of Ireland , on 26 June 1938 . The Irish Times reported it as follows : Hyde set a precedent by reciting the Presidential Declaration of Office in Irish . His recitation , in Roscommon Irish , is one of a few recordings of a dialect of which Hyde was one of the last speakers . Upon inauguration , he moved into the long vacant Viceregal Lodge in Phoenix Park , since known as Áras an Uachtaráin . Hydes selection and inauguration received worldwide media attention and was covered by newspapers in Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Argentina , and even Egypt . Hitler ordered the Berlin newspapers to splash on the Irish presidential installation ceremony . However , the British government ignored the event . The Northern Ireland Finance Minister , John Miller Andrews , described Hydes inauguration as a slight on the King and a deplorable tragedy . Presidency . Despite being placed in a position to shape the office of the presidency via precedent , Hyde by and large opted for a quiet , conservative interpretation of the office . His age and health obligated him to schedule periods of rest throughout his days , and his lack of political experience caused him to defer to his advisers on questions of policy and discretionary powers , especially to his Secretary , Michael McDunphy . On 13 November 1938 , just months after Hydes inauguration , Hyde attended an international soccer match between Ireland and Poland at Dalymount Park in Dublin . This was seen as breaching the GAAs ban on foreign games and he was subsequently removed as patron of the GAA , an honour he had held since 1902 . However , after a massive stroke in April 1940 , plans were made for his lying-in-state and state funeral . However , Hyde survived , albeit paralysed and having to use a wheelchair . Although the role of President of Ireland was largely ceremonial , Hyde did make important decisions during his presidency . He was confronted with a crisis in 1944 , when de Valeras government unexpectedly collapsed in a vote on the Transport Bill and the President had to decide whether or not to grant a dissolution of the Dáil to de Valera . Under the Constitution the President of Ireland may grant or refuse a dissolution of the Dáil to a Taoiseach who has ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . If a dissolution is granted , a general election is proclaimed to fill the seats now vacated by the dissolution . However , this means that for four to six weeks , until the new Dáil assembles , there is no Dáil . Fearing this gap might facilitate an invasion during World War II , during which no parliament could be called upon to deal with the invasion , the Oireachtas enacted emergency legislation ( under Article 28.3.3° ) - the General Elections ( Emergency Powers ) Act 1943 - which allowed an election to be called separate from a dissolution , with the Dáil only being dissolved just before new Dáil would assemble , so ensuring the gap between Dála ( plural of Dáil ) would be too short to facilitate an invasion . Under the Act the President could refuse to proclaim a general election on the advice of a Taoiseach who had ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann . Hyde had that option , but after considering it with his senior advisor , Michael McDunphy , he opted to grant de Valera his election request . Hyde twice used his power under Article 26 of the Constitution , having consulted the Council of State , to refer a Bill or part of a Bill to the Supreme Court , for the courts decision on whether the Bill or part referred is repugnant to the Constitution ( so that the Bill in question cannot be signed into law ) . On the first occasion , the court held that the Bill referred – Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Bill , 1940 – was not repugnant to the Constitution . In response to the second reference , the Court decided that the particular provision referred – section 4 of the School Attendance Bill , 1942 – was repugnant to the Constitution . Because of Article 34.3.3° of the Constitution , the constitutional validity of the Offences Against the State ( Amendment ) Act , 1940 cannot be challenged in any court , since the Bill which became that Act was found by the Supreme Court not to be repugnant in the context of an Article 26 reference . One of Hydes last presidential acts was a visit to the German Ambassador Eduard Hempel , on 3 May 1945 , to offer his formal condolences on the death of Adolf Hitler . The visit remained a secret until 2005 . Retirement and death . Hyde left office on 25 June 1945 , opting not to nominate himself for a second term . Owing to his ill-health he did not return to his Roscommon home , Ratra , empty since the death of his wife early in his term . He moved into the former residence of the Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant , in the grounds of Áras an Uachtaráin , which he renamed Little Ratra , where he lived out the remaining four years of his life . He died at 10pm on 12 July 1949 , aged 89 . State funeral . As a former President of Ireland he was accorded a state funeral . A problem arose ; as a member of the Church of Ireland , his funeral service took place in Dublins Church of Ireland St . Patricks Cathedral . However , contemporary rules of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland prohibited Roman Catholics from attending services in non-Catholic churches . As a result , all but one member of the Catholic cabinet , Noël Browne , remained outside the cathedral grounds while Hydes funeral took place . They then joined the cortège when his coffin left the cathedral . Éamon de Valera , by now Leader of the Opposition also did not attend , being represented by a senior Fianna Fáil figure who was a member of the Church of Ireland , Erskine H . Childers , a future President of Ireland himself . Hyde was buried in Frenchpark , County Roscommon at Portahard Church , ( where he had spent most of his childhood life ) beside his wife Lucy , his daughter Nuala , his sister Annette , mother Elizabeth and father Arthur . External links . - Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website - Oireachtas Members Database – Profile - Dunleavy , Janet Egleson and Gareth W . Dunleavy . Douglas Hyde : A Maker of Modern Ireland . Berkeley et al. : Univ . of California Press , 1991 . Available from eScholarship . - Hyde , Douglas . The Love Songs of Connacht : Being the Fourth Chapter of the Songs of Connacht . Dundrum , Ireland : Dun Emer Press , 1904 . Available from Google Books .

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Which team did the player Alex McLeish belong to from 1978 to 1980?

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Alex McLeish Alexander McLeish ( born 21 January 1959 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player . Born in Glasgow , McLeish played as a central defender for Aberdeen during their 1980s glory years , making nearly 500 League appearances for the club , and won 77 caps for Scotland . McLeish started his managerial career with spells at Motherwell and Hibernian , before guiding Rangers to two championships and five cup wins in five years . McLeish spent ten months as manager of the Scotland national team which narrowly failed to qualify for the finals of the 2008 UEFA European championship . He then resigned this post in November 2007 to become manager of Birmingham City , who were in the Premier League at the time . Though Birmingham were relegated at the end of the season , McLeish guided them back to the Premier League in 2009 . Birmingham then won the 2011 Football League Cup Final , but were relegated again from the Premier League at the end of the 2010–11 season . Following this relegation he resigned his post at Birmingham to become manager at their city rivals , Aston Villa . This made him the first manager to move directly from Birmingham City to Aston Villa , and only the second manager after Ron Saunders to manage both clubs . Having only narrowly avoided relegation in the 2011–12 Premier League season , his contract was terminated by Villa at the end of his first season . McLeish was appointed manager of Championship club Nottingham Forest in December 2012 , but left after 40 days by mutual consent . He managed Belgian Pro League club Genk in the 2014–15 season , and Zamalek of the Egyptian Premier League in 2016 . He then had a second stint as Scotland national team manager . In recognition of his distinguished service to Scottish sport , in 2008 McLeish was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Aberdeen . Early years . McLeish was born in Duke Street Hospital , Glasgow to parents Alex , a shipyard worker , and Jean . He has younger siblings Angela and Ian . After living in the Parkhead and Kinning Park districts of the city , the family moved to Barrhead , Renfrewshire soon after McLeish had reached school age . He attended Springhill Primary , Barrhead High School – where he was one year below future Aberdeen and Scotland teammate Peter Weir – and John Neilson High School in Paisley . As a juvenile he played for Barrhead Youth Club , alongside Weir , and Glasgow United as well as training for a short period with Hamilton Accies . After a local cup final with Glasgow United in 1976 which was watched by a delegation from Aberdeen , including then manager Ally MacLeod , McLeish signed for the Pittodrie club the following day . Playing career . Club . McLeish spent the majority of his first two seasons at Aberdeen in the reserves and also had a loan spell at local Junior side Lewis United . He made his competitive debut under Billy McNeill in a New Year fixture against Dundee United on 2 January 1978 . His first major final appearance was under the management of Alex Ferguson as a substitute in a 2–1 defeat to Rangers in the 1978–79 League Cup and most of his appearances during the 1970s were as a midfielder , with Willie Garner and Doug Rougvie preferred in defence . However McLeish eventually made the centre-back position his own , and over the next seven seasons he enjoyed great success , winning eight domestic and two European trophies . Highlights included scoring in a 4–1 victory over Rangers in the 1982 Scottish Cup Final on his 200th Dons appearance , and a vital goal against Bayern Munich during the campaign leading to the European Cup Winners Cup win over Real Madrid in 1983 . During this period , McLeish formed a formidable defensive triumvirate with Willie Miller and Jim Leighton for both club and country . Even after he had won his first Scotland cap , McLeishs father asked then Aberdeen boss Alex Ferguson to persuade him to continue training as an accountant . When Ferguson left in 1986 to go to Manchester United , he tried to get McLeish to sign , but it did not work out ; he also had talks with Tottenham Hotspur . A testimonial match was arranged for McLeish in December 1988 , with the clubs Gothenburg ( Cup Winners Cup ) squad taking on an International legends team . He won the Scottish player of the year in 1990 , after a season in which Aberdeen won both domestic cups . He became captain of Aberdeen after the retirement of Willie Miller . His 692 competitive appearances for the club ranks as the second-most in its history ( 100 behind Miller , but almost 100 more than Bobby Clark ) . International . McLeish is Scotlands third most capped player , having gained 77 international caps between 1980 and 1993 . He was first capped for the Scotland under-21 team while still a reserve player at Aberdeen by his former club manager Ally MacLeod , eventually gaining six caps at that level . His full international debut came on 26 March 1980 against Portugal , manager Jock Stein playing him in midfield alongside Archie Gemmill and Graeme Souness . He played in three World Cups with Scotland , in 1982 , 1986 and 1990 . He is a member of the Scottish Football Hall of Fame , the Scotland national football team roll of honour and Scottish Televisions fan poll Scotlands Greatest Team . On the occasion of his 50th cap , against Luxembourg in 1987 , McLeish was appointed team captain for the game . His final cap came on 17 February 1993 in a 3–0 win over Malta at Hampden Park during the 1994 World Cup qualifiers . Management career . Motherwell . After his successful playing career he quickly went into football management with Motherwell in 1994 , one year before he retired as a player . His first season at Motherwell saw him take the Lanarkshire club to second in the Premier Division behind Walter Smiths Rangers . However , he failed to build on this success and the next two seasons were spent in relegation battles . He resigned as manager to take over at Hibernian in 1998 . Hibernian . McLeish took over a struggling Hibernian side , which was relegated from the Scottish Premier Division in 1998 despite a slight upturn in fortunes under McLeish . He then guided the Edinburgh team back to the Scottish Premier League at the first attempt by winning the First Division championship . Hibernian consolidated in their first season back in the top division , finishing mid-table and reaching the Scottish Cup semi-final . In the 2000–01 season , Hibs started very strongly . Eventually they had to settle for third place and a Scottish Cup final appearance . This performance attracted the attention of bigger clubs , including West Ham United and Rangers . McLeish attracted players such as Russell Latapy and former French international Franck Sauzée to Hibs . He also helped develop young striker Kenny Miller , who would later go on to play for Scotland . During this period McLeish worked towards and was awarded a UEFA Pro Licence . Rangers . His work at Hibs was noticed , and he was linked with several moves to England , before he was appointed as Rangers manager in December 2001 after outgoing Rangers manager Dick Advocaat recommended McLeish to chairman David Murray . McLeish was an instant success at Rangers , winning both the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup in his first season , but the big prize of the league title was essentially lost before his arrival . His second season saw him go one better when he won the domestic treble , with the help of players such as Ronald de Boer and Barry Ferguson . Rangers worsening financial state saw many of his top players leave in the summer of 2003 . Celtic won the league comfortably in season 2003–04 , and Rangers failed to win any trophies . McLeish was consequently put under pressure from fans after his poor signings and a record run of seven consecutive Old Firm derby losses to Celtic . The high-profile Bosman signings of Jean-Alain Boumsong and Dado Pršo in the close season of 2004–05 gave Rangers renewed hope of regaining the title from Celtics grasp . McLeishs team won the 2005 league title on a dramatic last day , an outcome that had looked highly unlikely after Rangers fell five points behind leaders Celtic with just four games remaining . After this unexpected success , McLeish and his Rangers team headed into the 2005–06 SPL campaign as favourites to retain the championship . McLeish made a number of signings , including Julien Rodriguez and Ian Murray , despite having little money to spend . After a reasonable start to the season , including a win over Celtic , Rangers suffered a series of poor results between September and November . This period included a club record of 10 games without a win . However the tenth match of this run , a 1–1 draw with Inter Milan in the Champions League , took Rangers into the knockout stages of the tournament for the first time . Despite the poor domestic form , McLeish guided Rangers to the last 16 of the Champions League , where they were defeated on the away goals rule by Villarreal . They became the first Scottish team to progress this far in the European Cup since 1993 , and the first Scottish team to progress through a European group stage . In December , chairman David Murray publicly announced his support for McLeish . Rangers then went on a good run of results in December and January . This run of good results came to a sudden halt when they were defeated 3–0 by Hibernian in the Scottish Cup , prompting protests outside Ibrox against both McLeish and David Murray . On 9 February 2006 , it was announced by chairman David Murray that McLeish would be standing down as manager at the end of that season . It was later announced that he would be succeeded by former Olympique Lyonnais manager Paul Le Guen . Rangers beat Hearts 2–0 at Ibrox Stadium in his final match as manager . Scotland national team . McLeish said after leaving Rangers that he would not manage another Scottish club , because he felt that he had achieved everything in the Scottish game . He was linked in the media with a number of managerial positions in England while he worked as a television pundit for the BBC and Setanta Sports . McLeish took charge of the Scotland national team on 29 January 2007 . His assistants in the job were Roy Aitken and Andy Watson . McLeishs first game in charge of the national team was a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match , a 2–1 victory against Georgia on 24 March 2007 at Hampden Park . His second game was an away fixture against Italy on 28 March 2007 which ended in a 2–0 defeat . McLeishs Scotland side then went on to defeat the Faroe Islands away in June , Lithuania at home in September before recording a historic victory in Paris four days later by defeating France 1–0 in the Parc des Princes . James McFaddens 64th-minute strike from 30 yards was enough to earn Scotland the win and returned them to the top of Group B with three games to play . This result has been hailed as one of the Scotland national teams greatest victories . Scotlands next success was at home to Ukraine , winning 3–1 at Hampden on 13 October . McLeish suffered his second defeat as manager , away in Georgia on 17 October . This result left Scotland facing a decider against the World Champions , Italy . Scotland lost the game 2–1 , McLeishs last , and Italy qualified for the finals . Birmingham City . Premier League club Birmingham Citys approach to the SFA for permission to speak to McLeish about their managerial vacancy was refused , but on his return on 27 November 2007 from attending the draw for 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification in South Africa , he resigned his post as manager of Scotland and was announced as Birminghams new manager the following day . His assistants with Scotland , Roy Aitken and Andy Watson , were to accompany him . McLeish said he wanted to return to working with players on a daily basis and had always harboured a desire to manage in the Premier League . He enjoyed a positive managerial debut with Birmingham , winning 3–2 away to Tottenham Hotspur . In the January 2008 transfer window , McLeish strengthened Birminghams squad , buying David Murphy and James McFadden and signing Argentina under-20 international Mauro Zárate on loan , while generating funds by allowing fringe players to leave . He was unable to save Birmingham from relegation , despite the team recording an impressive 4–1 victory over Blackburn Rovers on the last day of the season . McLeish changed the clubs backroom staff and training procedures , appointed David Watson as goalkeeping coach , and overhauled the scouting setup , bringing in Paul Montgomery – the scout who recommended a relatively unknown Didier Drogba to West Ham United – to oversee player recruitment . On the final day of the 2008–09 season , McLeish secured Birminghams return to the top flight of English football at the first attempt with a 2–1 away victory over Reading . By mid-January 2010 , he had guided them to a 12-game unbeaten run , a club record in the top division , set a Premier League record by selecting the same starting eleven for nine consecutive games , and been named Premier League Manager of the Month for December 2009 , the first Birmingham manager to receive the award . By the end of the season McLeish had led Birmingham to ninth place , their highest finish for more than 50 years . Following Birminghams success during the 2009–10 season , McLeish agreed a new three-year deal with the club in September 2010 . In February 2011 , McLeish led Birmingham to victory in the League Cup , defeating favourites Arsenal 2–1 in the final at Wembley in what he described as relatively speaking , .. . [ his ] greatest achievement . However , a poor run of form followed the League Cup win , and Birmingham were relegated to the Championship on the last day of the 2010–11 season . The directors confirmed that McLeish would keep his job , and would be expected to return the club to the Premier League at the first opportunity . McLeish however opted to quit Birmingham City on 12 June 2011 by email . Aston Villa . On 17 June 2011 , Aston Villa appointed McLeish as manager , just five days after leaving their local rivals Birmingham City . There was much controversy surrounding his appointment as Birmingham City claimed McLeish was still under contract and filed a complaint against Aston Villa to the Premier League while Villa claimed McLeish was a free agent . Aston Villa fans protested outside Villa Park and anti-McLeish graffiti had to be removed from outside Villas training ground . McLeish made out of favour Manchester City goalkeeper Shay Given his first signing , and then recruited winger Charles NZogbia . McLeishs first competitive game as Villa manager ended in a 0–0 draw with Fulham at Craven Cottage . He gained his first Premier League win as manager of Villa in a 3–1 win over Blackburn Rovers . Following victory over Blackburn , Villa drew their next four Premier League games until winning against Wigan 2–0 . Aston Villa finally ended their unbeaten start with a 4–1 defeat away at Manchester City . McLeishs side secured a surprise win over Chelsea just before signing LA Galaxy striker Robbie Keane on loan . Keane helped to secure Villa a crucial win against rivals Wolves in a 3–2 victory . McLeish led the 2011–12 Villa team to 16th place in the Premier League , avoiding relegation by two points , and set an unwanted club record of only four home wins . McLeishs contract was terminated on 14 May , the day after the season ended . The reasons cited for his termination were the poor results and style of play used throughout his term as manager . Nottingham Forest . McLeish was appointed manager of Football League Championship club Nottingham Forest on 27 December 2012 . His first game in charge was on 29 December 2012 , a 2–2 draw against Crystal Palace at the City Ground , with Billy Sharp scoring an injury-time equaliser for Nottingham Forest . McLeish earned his first win as Nottingham Forest manager on 12 January 2013 , a 2–1 victory against Peterborough at home . McLeish took charge of his only East Midlands derby against Derby County on 19 January 2013 , drawing 1–1 at Pride Park . On 2 February 2013 , after a 2–1 defeat to former club Birmingham City on his first return to St Andrews , he refused to commit his future to Nottingham Forest and claimed he was unhappy . This came after the Nottingham Forest board pulled out of a deal to sign George Boyd on the final day of the January transfer window . On 5 February 2013 , he left the club by mutual consent . Genk . McLeish stated in November 2013 that he would like to re-enter football management in some capacity , in England , Scotland or abroad . In August 2014 , he was appointed manager of Belgian club Genk . McLeish made his managerial debut on 30 August , in which Genk drew Oostende 1–1 away . It was reported in March 2015 that McLeish would leave Genk at the end of the 2014–15 Belgian Pro League season , as the club had failed to qualify for the Championship play-offs , although they did reach Europa League play-offs . Zamalek . McLeish was appointed manager of Egyptian Premier League club Zamalek on 28 February 2016 . After a series of poor performances from the team , he was sacked on 2 May with ten matches of the season remaining . Scotland national team ( second spell ) . McLeish was reappointed Scotland manager on 16 February 2018 , on a two-year contract . Scotland won their 2018–19 UEFA Nations League group under McLeish , but he was sacked on 18 April 2019 following a 3–0 defeat by Kazakhstan . Outside of football . McLeish had a cameo appearance in the Laurel and Hardy biopic Stan & Ollie , after a chance meeting with director and Aberdeen FC fan Jon S . Baird on a flight . In the film , McLeish can be briefly seen reading a newspaper in the lobby of the Savoy Hotel behind Steve Coogan . Honours . Player . Aberdeen - Scottish Premier Division : 1979–80 , 1983–84 , 1984–85 - Scottish Cup : 1981–82 , 1982–83 , 1983–84 , 1985–86 , 1989–90 ; runner-up : 1992–93 - Scottish League Cup : 1985–86 , 1989–90 ; runner-up : 5 times - European Cup Winners Cup : 1982–83 - European Super Cup : 1983 Individual - Scotland national football team roll of honour : 1987 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 1990 Manager . Motherwell - Scottish Premier League runner-up : 1994–95 Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2000–01 Rangers - Scottish Premier League : 2002–03 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Scottish League Cup : 2001–02 , 2002–03 , 2004–05 Birmingham City - Football League Championship runner-up : 2008–09 - Football League Cup : 2010–11 Individual - Scottish Football Hall of Fame : inducted 2005 - Scottish Premier League Manager of the Month : October 2000 , February 2002 , September 2002 , February 2003 , August 2003 , September 2003 , November 2004 , February 2005 , January 2006 - Premier League Manager of the Month : December 2009

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Alex McLeish played for which team from 1980 to 1993?

/wiki/Alex_McLeish#P54#1

Alex McLeish Alexander McLeish ( born 21 January 1959 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player . Born in Glasgow , McLeish played as a central defender for Aberdeen during their 1980s glory years , making nearly 500 League appearances for the club , and won 77 caps for Scotland . McLeish started his managerial career with spells at Motherwell and Hibernian , before guiding Rangers to two championships and five cup wins in five years . McLeish spent ten months as manager of the Scotland national team which narrowly failed to qualify for the finals of the 2008 UEFA European championship . He then resigned this post in November 2007 to become manager of Birmingham City , who were in the Premier League at the time . Though Birmingham were relegated at the end of the season , McLeish guided them back to the Premier League in 2009 . Birmingham then won the 2011 Football League Cup Final , but were relegated again from the Premier League at the end of the 2010–11 season . Following this relegation he resigned his post at Birmingham to become manager at their city rivals , Aston Villa . This made him the first manager to move directly from Birmingham City to Aston Villa , and only the second manager after Ron Saunders to manage both clubs . Having only narrowly avoided relegation in the 2011–12 Premier League season , his contract was terminated by Villa at the end of his first season . McLeish was appointed manager of Championship club Nottingham Forest in December 2012 , but left after 40 days by mutual consent . He managed Belgian Pro League club Genk in the 2014–15 season , and Zamalek of the Egyptian Premier League in 2016 . He then had a second stint as Scotland national team manager . In recognition of his distinguished service to Scottish sport , in 2008 McLeish was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Aberdeen . Early years . McLeish was born in Duke Street Hospital , Glasgow to parents Alex , a shipyard worker , and Jean . He has younger siblings Angela and Ian . After living in the Parkhead and Kinning Park districts of the city , the family moved to Barrhead , Renfrewshire soon after McLeish had reached school age . He attended Springhill Primary , Barrhead High School – where he was one year below future Aberdeen and Scotland teammate Peter Weir – and John Neilson High School in Paisley . As a juvenile he played for Barrhead Youth Club , alongside Weir , and Glasgow United as well as training for a short period with Hamilton Accies . After a local cup final with Glasgow United in 1976 which was watched by a delegation from Aberdeen , including then manager Ally MacLeod , McLeish signed for the Pittodrie club the following day . Playing career . Club . McLeish spent the majority of his first two seasons at Aberdeen in the reserves and also had a loan spell at local Junior side Lewis United . He made his competitive debut under Billy McNeill in a New Year fixture against Dundee United on 2 January 1978 . His first major final appearance was under the management of Alex Ferguson as a substitute in a 2–1 defeat to Rangers in the 1978–79 League Cup and most of his appearances during the 1970s were as a midfielder , with Willie Garner and Doug Rougvie preferred in defence . However McLeish eventually made the centre-back position his own , and over the next seven seasons he enjoyed great success , winning eight domestic and two European trophies . Highlights included scoring in a 4–1 victory over Rangers in the 1982 Scottish Cup Final on his 200th Dons appearance , and a vital goal against Bayern Munich during the campaign leading to the European Cup Winners Cup win over Real Madrid in 1983 . During this period , McLeish formed a formidable defensive triumvirate with Willie Miller and Jim Leighton for both club and country . Even after he had won his first Scotland cap , McLeishs father asked then Aberdeen boss Alex Ferguson to persuade him to continue training as an accountant . When Ferguson left in 1986 to go to Manchester United , he tried to get McLeish to sign , but it did not work out ; he also had talks with Tottenham Hotspur . A testimonial match was arranged for McLeish in December 1988 , with the clubs Gothenburg ( Cup Winners Cup ) squad taking on an International legends team . He won the Scottish player of the year in 1990 , after a season in which Aberdeen won both domestic cups . He became captain of Aberdeen after the retirement of Willie Miller . His 692 competitive appearances for the club ranks as the second-most in its history ( 100 behind Miller , but almost 100 more than Bobby Clark ) . International . McLeish is Scotlands third most capped player , having gained 77 international caps between 1980 and 1993 . He was first capped for the Scotland under-21 team while still a reserve player at Aberdeen by his former club manager Ally MacLeod , eventually gaining six caps at that level . His full international debut came on 26 March 1980 against Portugal , manager Jock Stein playing him in midfield alongside Archie Gemmill and Graeme Souness . He played in three World Cups with Scotland , in 1982 , 1986 and 1990 . He is a member of the Scottish Football Hall of Fame , the Scotland national football team roll of honour and Scottish Televisions fan poll Scotlands Greatest Team . On the occasion of his 50th cap , against Luxembourg in 1987 , McLeish was appointed team captain for the game . His final cap came on 17 February 1993 in a 3–0 win over Malta at Hampden Park during the 1994 World Cup qualifiers . Management career . Motherwell . After his successful playing career he quickly went into football management with Motherwell in 1994 , one year before he retired as a player . His first season at Motherwell saw him take the Lanarkshire club to second in the Premier Division behind Walter Smiths Rangers . However , he failed to build on this success and the next two seasons were spent in relegation battles . He resigned as manager to take over at Hibernian in 1998 . Hibernian . McLeish took over a struggling Hibernian side , which was relegated from the Scottish Premier Division in 1998 despite a slight upturn in fortunes under McLeish . He then guided the Edinburgh team back to the Scottish Premier League at the first attempt by winning the First Division championship . Hibernian consolidated in their first season back in the top division , finishing mid-table and reaching the Scottish Cup semi-final . In the 2000–01 season , Hibs started very strongly . Eventually they had to settle for third place and a Scottish Cup final appearance . This performance attracted the attention of bigger clubs , including West Ham United and Rangers . McLeish attracted players such as Russell Latapy and former French international Franck Sauzée to Hibs . He also helped develop young striker Kenny Miller , who would later go on to play for Scotland . During this period McLeish worked towards and was awarded a UEFA Pro Licence . Rangers . His work at Hibs was noticed , and he was linked with several moves to England , before he was appointed as Rangers manager in December 2001 after outgoing Rangers manager Dick Advocaat recommended McLeish to chairman David Murray . McLeish was an instant success at Rangers , winning both the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup in his first season , but the big prize of the league title was essentially lost before his arrival . His second season saw him go one better when he won the domestic treble , with the help of players such as Ronald de Boer and Barry Ferguson . Rangers worsening financial state saw many of his top players leave in the summer of 2003 . Celtic won the league comfortably in season 2003–04 , and Rangers failed to win any trophies . McLeish was consequently put under pressure from fans after his poor signings and a record run of seven consecutive Old Firm derby losses to Celtic . The high-profile Bosman signings of Jean-Alain Boumsong and Dado Pršo in the close season of 2004–05 gave Rangers renewed hope of regaining the title from Celtics grasp . McLeishs team won the 2005 league title on a dramatic last day , an outcome that had looked highly unlikely after Rangers fell five points behind leaders Celtic with just four games remaining . After this unexpected success , McLeish and his Rangers team headed into the 2005–06 SPL campaign as favourites to retain the championship . McLeish made a number of signings , including Julien Rodriguez and Ian Murray , despite having little money to spend . After a reasonable start to the season , including a win over Celtic , Rangers suffered a series of poor results between September and November . This period included a club record of 10 games without a win . However the tenth match of this run , a 1–1 draw with Inter Milan in the Champions League , took Rangers into the knockout stages of the tournament for the first time . Despite the poor domestic form , McLeish guided Rangers to the last 16 of the Champions League , where they were defeated on the away goals rule by Villarreal . They became the first Scottish team to progress this far in the European Cup since 1993 , and the first Scottish team to progress through a European group stage . In December , chairman David Murray publicly announced his support for McLeish . Rangers then went on a good run of results in December and January . This run of good results came to a sudden halt when they were defeated 3–0 by Hibernian in the Scottish Cup , prompting protests outside Ibrox against both McLeish and David Murray . On 9 February 2006 , it was announced by chairman David Murray that McLeish would be standing down as manager at the end of that season . It was later announced that he would be succeeded by former Olympique Lyonnais manager Paul Le Guen . Rangers beat Hearts 2–0 at Ibrox Stadium in his final match as manager . Scotland national team . McLeish said after leaving Rangers that he would not manage another Scottish club , because he felt that he had achieved everything in the Scottish game . He was linked in the media with a number of managerial positions in England while he worked as a television pundit for the BBC and Setanta Sports . McLeish took charge of the Scotland national team on 29 January 2007 . His assistants in the job were Roy Aitken and Andy Watson . McLeishs first game in charge of the national team was a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match , a 2–1 victory against Georgia on 24 March 2007 at Hampden Park . His second game was an away fixture against Italy on 28 March 2007 which ended in a 2–0 defeat . McLeishs Scotland side then went on to defeat the Faroe Islands away in June , Lithuania at home in September before recording a historic victory in Paris four days later by defeating France 1–0 in the Parc des Princes . James McFaddens 64th-minute strike from 30 yards was enough to earn Scotland the win and returned them to the top of Group B with three games to play . This result has been hailed as one of the Scotland national teams greatest victories . Scotlands next success was at home to Ukraine , winning 3–1 at Hampden on 13 October . McLeish suffered his second defeat as manager , away in Georgia on 17 October . This result left Scotland facing a decider against the World Champions , Italy . Scotland lost the game 2–1 , McLeishs last , and Italy qualified for the finals . Birmingham City . Premier League club Birmingham Citys approach to the SFA for permission to speak to McLeish about their managerial vacancy was refused , but on his return on 27 November 2007 from attending the draw for 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification in South Africa , he resigned his post as manager of Scotland and was announced as Birminghams new manager the following day . His assistants with Scotland , Roy Aitken and Andy Watson , were to accompany him . McLeish said he wanted to return to working with players on a daily basis and had always harboured a desire to manage in the Premier League . He enjoyed a positive managerial debut with Birmingham , winning 3–2 away to Tottenham Hotspur . In the January 2008 transfer window , McLeish strengthened Birminghams squad , buying David Murphy and James McFadden and signing Argentina under-20 international Mauro Zárate on loan , while generating funds by allowing fringe players to leave . He was unable to save Birmingham from relegation , despite the team recording an impressive 4–1 victory over Blackburn Rovers on the last day of the season . McLeish changed the clubs backroom staff and training procedures , appointed David Watson as goalkeeping coach , and overhauled the scouting setup , bringing in Paul Montgomery – the scout who recommended a relatively unknown Didier Drogba to West Ham United – to oversee player recruitment . On the final day of the 2008–09 season , McLeish secured Birminghams return to the top flight of English football at the first attempt with a 2–1 away victory over Reading . By mid-January 2010 , he had guided them to a 12-game unbeaten run , a club record in the top division , set a Premier League record by selecting the same starting eleven for nine consecutive games , and been named Premier League Manager of the Month for December 2009 , the first Birmingham manager to receive the award . By the end of the season McLeish had led Birmingham to ninth place , their highest finish for more than 50 years . Following Birminghams success during the 2009–10 season , McLeish agreed a new three-year deal with the club in September 2010 . In February 2011 , McLeish led Birmingham to victory in the League Cup , defeating favourites Arsenal 2–1 in the final at Wembley in what he described as relatively speaking , .. . [ his ] greatest achievement . However , a poor run of form followed the League Cup win , and Birmingham were relegated to the Championship on the last day of the 2010–11 season . The directors confirmed that McLeish would keep his job , and would be expected to return the club to the Premier League at the first opportunity . McLeish however opted to quit Birmingham City on 12 June 2011 by email . Aston Villa . On 17 June 2011 , Aston Villa appointed McLeish as manager , just five days after leaving their local rivals Birmingham City . There was much controversy surrounding his appointment as Birmingham City claimed McLeish was still under contract and filed a complaint against Aston Villa to the Premier League while Villa claimed McLeish was a free agent . Aston Villa fans protested outside Villa Park and anti-McLeish graffiti had to be removed from outside Villas training ground . McLeish made out of favour Manchester City goalkeeper Shay Given his first signing , and then recruited winger Charles NZogbia . McLeishs first competitive game as Villa manager ended in a 0–0 draw with Fulham at Craven Cottage . He gained his first Premier League win as manager of Villa in a 3–1 win over Blackburn Rovers . Following victory over Blackburn , Villa drew their next four Premier League games until winning against Wigan 2–0 . Aston Villa finally ended their unbeaten start with a 4–1 defeat away at Manchester City . McLeishs side secured a surprise win over Chelsea just before signing LA Galaxy striker Robbie Keane on loan . Keane helped to secure Villa a crucial win against rivals Wolves in a 3–2 victory . McLeish led the 2011–12 Villa team to 16th place in the Premier League , avoiding relegation by two points , and set an unwanted club record of only four home wins . McLeishs contract was terminated on 14 May , the day after the season ended . The reasons cited for his termination were the poor results and style of play used throughout his term as manager . Nottingham Forest . McLeish was appointed manager of Football League Championship club Nottingham Forest on 27 December 2012 . His first game in charge was on 29 December 2012 , a 2–2 draw against Crystal Palace at the City Ground , with Billy Sharp scoring an injury-time equaliser for Nottingham Forest . McLeish earned his first win as Nottingham Forest manager on 12 January 2013 , a 2–1 victory against Peterborough at home . McLeish took charge of his only East Midlands derby against Derby County on 19 January 2013 , drawing 1–1 at Pride Park . On 2 February 2013 , after a 2–1 defeat to former club Birmingham City on his first return to St Andrews , he refused to commit his future to Nottingham Forest and claimed he was unhappy . This came after the Nottingham Forest board pulled out of a deal to sign George Boyd on the final day of the January transfer window . On 5 February 2013 , he left the club by mutual consent . Genk . McLeish stated in November 2013 that he would like to re-enter football management in some capacity , in England , Scotland or abroad . In August 2014 , he was appointed manager of Belgian club Genk . McLeish made his managerial debut on 30 August , in which Genk drew Oostende 1–1 away . It was reported in March 2015 that McLeish would leave Genk at the end of the 2014–15 Belgian Pro League season , as the club had failed to qualify for the Championship play-offs , although they did reach Europa League play-offs . Zamalek . McLeish was appointed manager of Egyptian Premier League club Zamalek on 28 February 2016 . After a series of poor performances from the team , he was sacked on 2 May with ten matches of the season remaining . Scotland national team ( second spell ) . McLeish was reappointed Scotland manager on 16 February 2018 , on a two-year contract . Scotland won their 2018–19 UEFA Nations League group under McLeish , but he was sacked on 18 April 2019 following a 3–0 defeat by Kazakhstan . Outside of football . McLeish had a cameo appearance in the Laurel and Hardy biopic Stan & Ollie , after a chance meeting with director and Aberdeen FC fan Jon S . Baird on a flight . In the film , McLeish can be briefly seen reading a newspaper in the lobby of the Savoy Hotel behind Steve Coogan . Honours . Player . Aberdeen - Scottish Premier Division : 1979–80 , 1983–84 , 1984–85 - Scottish Cup : 1981–82 , 1982–83 , 1983–84 , 1985–86 , 1989–90 ; runner-up : 1992–93 - Scottish League Cup : 1985–86 , 1989–90 ; runner-up : 5 times - European Cup Winners Cup : 1982–83 - European Super Cup : 1983 Individual - Scotland national football team roll of honour : 1987 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 1990 Manager . Motherwell - Scottish Premier League runner-up : 1994–95 Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2000–01 Rangers - Scottish Premier League : 2002–03 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Scottish League Cup : 2001–02 , 2002–03 , 2004–05 Birmingham City - Football League Championship runner-up : 2008–09 - Football League Cup : 2010–11 Individual - Scottish Football Hall of Fame : inducted 2005 - Scottish Premier League Manager of the Month : October 2000 , February 2002 , September 2002 , February 2003 , August 2003 , September 2003 , November 2004 , February 2005 , January 2006 - Premier League Manager of the Month : December 2009

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Alex McLeish Alexander McLeish ( born 21 January 1959 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player . Born in Glasgow , McLeish played as a central defender for Aberdeen during their 1980s glory years , making nearly 500 League appearances for the club , and won 77 caps for Scotland . McLeish started his managerial career with spells at Motherwell and Hibernian , before guiding Rangers to two championships and five cup wins in five years . McLeish spent ten months as manager of the Scotland national team which narrowly failed to qualify for the finals of the 2008 UEFA European championship . He then resigned this post in November 2007 to become manager of Birmingham City , who were in the Premier League at the time . Though Birmingham were relegated at the end of the season , McLeish guided them back to the Premier League in 2009 . Birmingham then won the 2011 Football League Cup Final , but were relegated again from the Premier League at the end of the 2010–11 season . Following this relegation he resigned his post at Birmingham to become manager at their city rivals , Aston Villa . This made him the first manager to move directly from Birmingham City to Aston Villa , and only the second manager after Ron Saunders to manage both clubs . Having only narrowly avoided relegation in the 2011–12 Premier League season , his contract was terminated by Villa at the end of his first season . McLeish was appointed manager of Championship club Nottingham Forest in December 2012 , but left after 40 days by mutual consent . He managed Belgian Pro League club Genk in the 2014–15 season , and Zamalek of the Egyptian Premier League in 2016 . He then had a second stint as Scotland national team manager . In recognition of his distinguished service to Scottish sport , in 2008 McLeish was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Aberdeen . Early years . McLeish was born in Duke Street Hospital , Glasgow to parents Alex , a shipyard worker , and Jean . He has younger siblings Angela and Ian . After living in the Parkhead and Kinning Park districts of the city , the family moved to Barrhead , Renfrewshire soon after McLeish had reached school age . He attended Springhill Primary , Barrhead High School – where he was one year below future Aberdeen and Scotland teammate Peter Weir – and John Neilson High School in Paisley . As a juvenile he played for Barrhead Youth Club , alongside Weir , and Glasgow United as well as training for a short period with Hamilton Accies . After a local cup final with Glasgow United in 1976 which was watched by a delegation from Aberdeen , including then manager Ally MacLeod , McLeish signed for the Pittodrie club the following day . Playing career . Club . McLeish spent the majority of his first two seasons at Aberdeen in the reserves and also had a loan spell at local Junior side Lewis United . He made his competitive debut under Billy McNeill in a New Year fixture against Dundee United on 2 January 1978 . His first major final appearance was under the management of Alex Ferguson as a substitute in a 2–1 defeat to Rangers in the 1978–79 League Cup and most of his appearances during the 1970s were as a midfielder , with Willie Garner and Doug Rougvie preferred in defence . However McLeish eventually made the centre-back position his own , and over the next seven seasons he enjoyed great success , winning eight domestic and two European trophies . Highlights included scoring in a 4–1 victory over Rangers in the 1982 Scottish Cup Final on his 200th Dons appearance , and a vital goal against Bayern Munich during the campaign leading to the European Cup Winners Cup win over Real Madrid in 1983 . During this period , McLeish formed a formidable defensive triumvirate with Willie Miller and Jim Leighton for both club and country . Even after he had won his first Scotland cap , McLeishs father asked then Aberdeen boss Alex Ferguson to persuade him to continue training as an accountant . When Ferguson left in 1986 to go to Manchester United , he tried to get McLeish to sign , but it did not work out ; he also had talks with Tottenham Hotspur . A testimonial match was arranged for McLeish in December 1988 , with the clubs Gothenburg ( Cup Winners Cup ) squad taking on an International legends team . He won the Scottish player of the year in 1990 , after a season in which Aberdeen won both domestic cups . He became captain of Aberdeen after the retirement of Willie Miller . His 692 competitive appearances for the club ranks as the second-most in its history ( 100 behind Miller , but almost 100 more than Bobby Clark ) . International . McLeish is Scotlands third most capped player , having gained 77 international caps between 1980 and 1993 . He was first capped for the Scotland under-21 team while still a reserve player at Aberdeen by his former club manager Ally MacLeod , eventually gaining six caps at that level . His full international debut came on 26 March 1980 against Portugal , manager Jock Stein playing him in midfield alongside Archie Gemmill and Graeme Souness . He played in three World Cups with Scotland , in 1982 , 1986 and 1990 . He is a member of the Scottish Football Hall of Fame , the Scotland national football team roll of honour and Scottish Televisions fan poll Scotlands Greatest Team . On the occasion of his 50th cap , against Luxembourg in 1987 , McLeish was appointed team captain for the game . His final cap came on 17 February 1993 in a 3–0 win over Malta at Hampden Park during the 1994 World Cup qualifiers . Management career . Motherwell . After his successful playing career he quickly went into football management with Motherwell in 1994 , one year before he retired as a player . His first season at Motherwell saw him take the Lanarkshire club to second in the Premier Division behind Walter Smiths Rangers . However , he failed to build on this success and the next two seasons were spent in relegation battles . He resigned as manager to take over at Hibernian in 1998 . Hibernian . McLeish took over a struggling Hibernian side , which was relegated from the Scottish Premier Division in 1998 despite a slight upturn in fortunes under McLeish . He then guided the Edinburgh team back to the Scottish Premier League at the first attempt by winning the First Division championship . Hibernian consolidated in their first season back in the top division , finishing mid-table and reaching the Scottish Cup semi-final . In the 2000–01 season , Hibs started very strongly . Eventually they had to settle for third place and a Scottish Cup final appearance . This performance attracted the attention of bigger clubs , including West Ham United and Rangers . McLeish attracted players such as Russell Latapy and former French international Franck Sauzée to Hibs . He also helped develop young striker Kenny Miller , who would later go on to play for Scotland . During this period McLeish worked towards and was awarded a UEFA Pro Licence . Rangers . His work at Hibs was noticed , and he was linked with several moves to England , before he was appointed as Rangers manager in December 2001 after outgoing Rangers manager Dick Advocaat recommended McLeish to chairman David Murray . McLeish was an instant success at Rangers , winning both the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup in his first season , but the big prize of the league title was essentially lost before his arrival . His second season saw him go one better when he won the domestic treble , with the help of players such as Ronald de Boer and Barry Ferguson . Rangers worsening financial state saw many of his top players leave in the summer of 2003 . Celtic won the league comfortably in season 2003–04 , and Rangers failed to win any trophies . McLeish was consequently put under pressure from fans after his poor signings and a record run of seven consecutive Old Firm derby losses to Celtic . The high-profile Bosman signings of Jean-Alain Boumsong and Dado Pršo in the close season of 2004–05 gave Rangers renewed hope of regaining the title from Celtics grasp . McLeishs team won the 2005 league title on a dramatic last day , an outcome that had looked highly unlikely after Rangers fell five points behind leaders Celtic with just four games remaining . After this unexpected success , McLeish and his Rangers team headed into the 2005–06 SPL campaign as favourites to retain the championship . McLeish made a number of signings , including Julien Rodriguez and Ian Murray , despite having little money to spend . After a reasonable start to the season , including a win over Celtic , Rangers suffered a series of poor results between September and November . This period included a club record of 10 games without a win . However the tenth match of this run , a 1–1 draw with Inter Milan in the Champions League , took Rangers into the knockout stages of the tournament for the first time . Despite the poor domestic form , McLeish guided Rangers to the last 16 of the Champions League , where they were defeated on the away goals rule by Villarreal . They became the first Scottish team to progress this far in the European Cup since 1993 , and the first Scottish team to progress through a European group stage . In December , chairman David Murray publicly announced his support for McLeish . Rangers then went on a good run of results in December and January . This run of good results came to a sudden halt when they were defeated 3–0 by Hibernian in the Scottish Cup , prompting protests outside Ibrox against both McLeish and David Murray . On 9 February 2006 , it was announced by chairman David Murray that McLeish would be standing down as manager at the end of that season . It was later announced that he would be succeeded by former Olympique Lyonnais manager Paul Le Guen . Rangers beat Hearts 2–0 at Ibrox Stadium in his final match as manager . Scotland national team . McLeish said after leaving Rangers that he would not manage another Scottish club , because he felt that he had achieved everything in the Scottish game . He was linked in the media with a number of managerial positions in England while he worked as a television pundit for the BBC and Setanta Sports . McLeish took charge of the Scotland national team on 29 January 2007 . His assistants in the job were Roy Aitken and Andy Watson . McLeishs first game in charge of the national team was a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match , a 2–1 victory against Georgia on 24 March 2007 at Hampden Park . His second game was an away fixture against Italy on 28 March 2007 which ended in a 2–0 defeat . McLeishs Scotland side then went on to defeat the Faroe Islands away in June , Lithuania at home in September before recording a historic victory in Paris four days later by defeating France 1–0 in the Parc des Princes . James McFaddens 64th-minute strike from 30 yards was enough to earn Scotland the win and returned them to the top of Group B with three games to play . This result has been hailed as one of the Scotland national teams greatest victories . Scotlands next success was at home to Ukraine , winning 3–1 at Hampden on 13 October . McLeish suffered his second defeat as manager , away in Georgia on 17 October . This result left Scotland facing a decider against the World Champions , Italy . Scotland lost the game 2–1 , McLeishs last , and Italy qualified for the finals . Birmingham City . Premier League club Birmingham Citys approach to the SFA for permission to speak to McLeish about their managerial vacancy was refused , but on his return on 27 November 2007 from attending the draw for 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification in South Africa , he resigned his post as manager of Scotland and was announced as Birminghams new manager the following day . His assistants with Scotland , Roy Aitken and Andy Watson , were to accompany him . McLeish said he wanted to return to working with players on a daily basis and had always harboured a desire to manage in the Premier League . He enjoyed a positive managerial debut with Birmingham , winning 3–2 away to Tottenham Hotspur . In the January 2008 transfer window , McLeish strengthened Birminghams squad , buying David Murphy and James McFadden and signing Argentina under-20 international Mauro Zárate on loan , while generating funds by allowing fringe players to leave . He was unable to save Birmingham from relegation , despite the team recording an impressive 4–1 victory over Blackburn Rovers on the last day of the season . McLeish changed the clubs backroom staff and training procedures , appointed David Watson as goalkeeping coach , and overhauled the scouting setup , bringing in Paul Montgomery – the scout who recommended a relatively unknown Didier Drogba to West Ham United – to oversee player recruitment . On the final day of the 2008–09 season , McLeish secured Birminghams return to the top flight of English football at the first attempt with a 2–1 away victory over Reading . By mid-January 2010 , he had guided them to a 12-game unbeaten run , a club record in the top division , set a Premier League record by selecting the same starting eleven for nine consecutive games , and been named Premier League Manager of the Month for December 2009 , the first Birmingham manager to receive the award . By the end of the season McLeish had led Birmingham to ninth place , their highest finish for more than 50 years . Following Birminghams success during the 2009–10 season , McLeish agreed a new three-year deal with the club in September 2010 . In February 2011 , McLeish led Birmingham to victory in the League Cup , defeating favourites Arsenal 2–1 in the final at Wembley in what he described as relatively speaking , .. . [ his ] greatest achievement . However , a poor run of form followed the League Cup win , and Birmingham were relegated to the Championship on the last day of the 2010–11 season . The directors confirmed that McLeish would keep his job , and would be expected to return the club to the Premier League at the first opportunity . McLeish however opted to quit Birmingham City on 12 June 2011 by email . Aston Villa . On 17 June 2011 , Aston Villa appointed McLeish as manager , just five days after leaving their local rivals Birmingham City . There was much controversy surrounding his appointment as Birmingham City claimed McLeish was still under contract and filed a complaint against Aston Villa to the Premier League while Villa claimed McLeish was a free agent . Aston Villa fans protested outside Villa Park and anti-McLeish graffiti had to be removed from outside Villas training ground . McLeish made out of favour Manchester City goalkeeper Shay Given his first signing , and then recruited winger Charles NZogbia . McLeishs first competitive game as Villa manager ended in a 0–0 draw with Fulham at Craven Cottage . He gained his first Premier League win as manager of Villa in a 3–1 win over Blackburn Rovers . Following victory over Blackburn , Villa drew their next four Premier League games until winning against Wigan 2–0 . Aston Villa finally ended their unbeaten start with a 4–1 defeat away at Manchester City . McLeishs side secured a surprise win over Chelsea just before signing LA Galaxy striker Robbie Keane on loan . Keane helped to secure Villa a crucial win against rivals Wolves in a 3–2 victory . McLeish led the 2011–12 Villa team to 16th place in the Premier League , avoiding relegation by two points , and set an unwanted club record of only four home wins . McLeishs contract was terminated on 14 May , the day after the season ended . The reasons cited for his termination were the poor results and style of play used throughout his term as manager . Nottingham Forest . McLeish was appointed manager of Football League Championship club Nottingham Forest on 27 December 2012 . His first game in charge was on 29 December 2012 , a 2–2 draw against Crystal Palace at the City Ground , with Billy Sharp scoring an injury-time equaliser for Nottingham Forest . McLeish earned his first win as Nottingham Forest manager on 12 January 2013 , a 2–1 victory against Peterborough at home . McLeish took charge of his only East Midlands derby against Derby County on 19 January 2013 , drawing 1–1 at Pride Park . On 2 February 2013 , after a 2–1 defeat to former club Birmingham City on his first return to St Andrews , he refused to commit his future to Nottingham Forest and claimed he was unhappy . This came after the Nottingham Forest board pulled out of a deal to sign George Boyd on the final day of the January transfer window . On 5 February 2013 , he left the club by mutual consent . Genk . McLeish stated in November 2013 that he would like to re-enter football management in some capacity , in England , Scotland or abroad . In August 2014 , he was appointed manager of Belgian club Genk . McLeish made his managerial debut on 30 August , in which Genk drew Oostende 1–1 away . It was reported in March 2015 that McLeish would leave Genk at the end of the 2014–15 Belgian Pro League season , as the club had failed to qualify for the Championship play-offs , although they did reach Europa League play-offs . Zamalek . McLeish was appointed manager of Egyptian Premier League club Zamalek on 28 February 2016 . After a series of poor performances from the team , he was sacked on 2 May with ten matches of the season remaining . Scotland national team ( second spell ) . McLeish was reappointed Scotland manager on 16 February 2018 , on a two-year contract . Scotland won their 2018–19 UEFA Nations League group under McLeish , but he was sacked on 18 April 2019 following a 3–0 defeat by Kazakhstan . Outside of football . McLeish had a cameo appearance in the Laurel and Hardy biopic Stan & Ollie , after a chance meeting with director and Aberdeen FC fan Jon S . Baird on a flight . In the film , McLeish can be briefly seen reading a newspaper in the lobby of the Savoy Hotel behind Steve Coogan . Honours . Player . Aberdeen - Scottish Premier Division : 1979–80 , 1983–84 , 1984–85 - Scottish Cup : 1981–82 , 1982–83 , 1983–84 , 1985–86 , 1989–90 ; runner-up : 1992–93 - Scottish League Cup : 1985–86 , 1989–90 ; runner-up : 5 times - European Cup Winners Cup : 1982–83 - European Super Cup : 1983 Individual - Scotland national football team roll of honour : 1987 - SFWA Footballer of the Year : 1990 Manager . Motherwell - Scottish Premier League runner-up : 1994–95 Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 - Scottish Cup runner-up : 2000–01 Rangers - Scottish Premier League : 2002–03 , 2004–05 ; runner-up : 2001–02 , 2003–04 - Scottish Cup : 2001–02 , 2002–03 - Scottish League Cup : 2001–02 , 2002–03 , 2004–05 Birmingham City - Football League Championship runner-up : 2008–09 - Football League Cup : 2010–11 Individual - Scottish Football Hall of Fame : inducted 2005 - Scottish Premier League Manager of the Month : October 2000 , February 2002 , September 2002 , February 2003 , August 2003 , September 2003 , November 2004 , February 2005 , January 2006 - Premier League Manager of the Month : December 2009

easy

Which team did the player Davide Somma belong to from 2004 to 2005?

/wiki/Davide_Somma#P54#0

Davide Somma Davide Enrico Somma ( born 26 March 1985 ) is a South African former footballer who played as a striker . He played for the South Africa national team as a striker and his most notable spell was at Leeds United . In November 2010 Somma made his debut for the South Africa national side against United States . He now works as a Junior Coach for Long Island United . Career . Youth and college . Born in Johannesburg , South Africa , Somma started playing football at the age of five for the Edenvale Football Club in his native Johannesburg . After moving to the United States with his family when he was 12 , he attended Riverview High School in Sarasota , Florida , and played club soccer with the Sarasota Storm and St . Pete Raiders . He played one year of college soccer at Tyler Junior College in 2004 , scoring 13 goals and registering nine assists , and being named to the National Junior College Athletic Association ( NJCAA ) Region XIV first team . After one season with Tyler , Somma enrolled at Edukick ( great camp ) , an international soccer school program , and joined the youth system of the Spanish team Logroñés , his Italian passport giving him the opportunity to pursue a career in Europe . Professional . Italy . Somma signed a four-year contract with Italian Serie A club Perugia in 2004 . However , Somma never played a game for the team as Perugias president bankrupted the club and it folded six months later . Somma transferred to Pro Vasto , and played 39 games for the team between 2005 and 2007 . He later played for Olbia before returning to the United States in 2008 . Major League Soccer . Somma signed a developmental contract with the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer in September 2008 along with Michael Ghebru and made three regular season appearances for the club during the 2008 season , in addition to five reserve team appearances in which he notched two goals and three assists . In December 2008 he joined the Generation Adidas team in London for a three-game tour of England and scored two goals for the squad as they faced the reserve teams of Reading , Chelsea , and West Ham United . In February 2009 , Somma signed a senior contract with the San Jose Earthquakes , but was placed on waivers on 26 May . Whilst at San Jose , he was a teammate of former Leeds United player Darren Huckerby , who encouraged Somma to find a new club in England . Leeds United . In July 2009 , Somma took part in a trial with Queens Park Rangers and played in a pre-season fixture as a winger . After his trial at QPR , Somma took part in a trial at Leeds United , and earned an extended spell at the club . He scored in a pre-season friendly against Newport County and also scored in friendlies against Newcastle United and Hull City , and signed a permanent contract with the club in September 2009 on a one-year deal , with an option in the clubs favour to extend the contract for a further season . In signing for Leeds , Somma became the fifth South African to play for Leeds following Gerry Francis , Albert Johanneson , Lucas Radebe and Phil Masinga . In an LUTV interview , Somma said that , due to his Italian heritage , he and teammate Mike Grella can speak to each other in Italian . Somma made his debut for Leeds in a reserve game against Rotherham United , and marked the game by scoring two goals . Somma was named in the Leeds squad for the Football League Trophy game against Darlington , and made his debut when he came on as a second-half substitute . His debut ended prematurely when he suffered a hamstring injury , which meant Leeds had to play the rest of the game with 10 men having used all their substitutions . After working his way back from injury and scoring regularly in the reserves , Somma returned to the Leeds first team squad when he was named as a substitute for a game against Leyton Orient on 23 November 2009 . On 26 November , Somma joined Chesterfield on loan until January 2010 . Somma was given squad number 32 , and made his Football League debut for the team on 2 December , starting a game against Crewe Alexandra . Somma had a penalty saved by Crewe goalkeeper Steve Phillips on his debut . Somma missed a number of Chesterfields games through injury . After Sommas one-month loan spell expired on 5 January 2010 , he returned to Leeds . He immediately returned to a Leeds first team squad when he was named on the bench in the FA Cup replay against Tottenham Hotspur . After impressing whilst out on loan to Lincoln , Somma was handed a new one-year extension to his contract at Leeds . Lincoln City loan . On 25 February 2010 , Somma joined Chris Suttons Lincoln City on a months loan to gain some more first -team experience and scored on his debut against Crewe Alexandra two days later . His second goal came against Hereford United . Sommas third goal came against Dagenham & Redbridge in the 1–1 draw . His fourth and fifth goals came in the same game against Torquay United , with Somma scoring a brace which helped earn a 3–2 win for Lincoln . He had scored five goals in five games during his loan spell , and thus became Lincolns top goal scorer for the entire season . On 23 March 2010 , City extended the loan of Somma until the end of the season . Somma scored a brace against Bournemouth taking his tally to seven goals in nine games for Lincoln . Later he scored his eighth of the season against Bury to secure Lincolns survival in League Two for another year . Somma then made it nine goals in 13 matches scoring Lincolns only goal in a 3–1 defeat away at Aldershot Town . He was given a red card for violent conduct in his final game for Lincoln City . After the match , his loan spell expired and he ended the season as Lincolns top goal scorer with nine goals . He also came third in Lincolns player of the season awards . Manager Chris Sutton said after Sommas loan spell that he would love to bring Somma back to the club on a permanent deal if he was not in Leeds first team plans . Return to Leeds United . 2010–11 season . Somma returned to Leeds United after his spell at Lincoln ended . Despite Sommas missing the first three competitive games of the season after his red card for Lincoln in the last game of the 2009–10 season , Simon Grayson has said Somma is part of his plans and will not be going out on loan for the 2010–11 season . Following his suspension , Somma was available to return to the Leeds side against Millwall , and duly scored twice on his league debut after coming on as a 75th-minute substitute , as Leeds won 3–1 . Somma claimed after his debut that he could replace Jermaine Beckford and score the goals the departed hitman previously scored for Leeds . He came into the starting line-up for the following match against Leicester City in the League Cup , scoring his third goal in two games . In his fourth game of the season , he scored his fourth goal of the season in the 5–2 defeat against Barnsley , with Somma scoring a late consolation goal for Leeds . Sommas first league start for Leeds came in the match against Doncaster Rovers , Somma received the man of the match award after putting in an impressive performance where he hit the crossbar and also had a goal ruled out for offside . Somma scored his fifth and sixth goals of the season against Preston North End . He scored his seventh goal of the season with a left footed volley against Middlesbrough . In November 2010 , Somma entered contract negotiations with Leeds over extending his contract , signing a three-year deal on 9 November . In December 2010 , after reports circulated in South Africa that Somma had joined Swansea City on loan , Leeds denied the story and said that it was totally incorrect . After a spell out of the side , Somma came on as a substitute on 8 January against Arsenal . Leeds were 1–0 up when Robert Snodgrass scored a second half penalty , Arsenal equalised in the 90th minute when Cesc Fàbregas scored a penalty . He came on as a second-half substitute against Scunthorpe United and scored his eighth goal of the season for Leeds . Seconds after coming on against Arsenal in the FA Cup replay , Somma nearly scored but instead put his shot wide of the goal . Somma scored his ninth goal of the season with his first touch of the ball after coming on as a substitute against Portsmouth . On 1 February , Somma made his first start since the 8 November and marked it with his 10th goal of the season against Hull City . Somma scored his 11th goal of the season against Coventry City . Somma continued his reputation as a super-sub when he scored his 12th goal of the season with his first touch versus Norwich City . The phonetic similarities between his surname Somma and the season Summer have led to the popular terrace chant parody of the Mungo Jerry song In the Summertime , which must be sung upon the very sight of the player on or off the field . 2011–12 season . On 15 July 2011 , Somma revealed via his Twitter page that he had torn his anterior cruciate ligaments during pre-season training and would be out for at least six months . After Somma revealed via Twitter the severity of his injury , manager Simon Grayson banned all Leeds United players Twitter accounts . Somma returned to light training during mid-December , stepping up his recovery from his cruciate ligament injury , meaning the players recovery was well in front of schedule . 2012–13 season . Leeds manager Neil Warnock said on 3 May that he hoped that Somma could return from injury during the 2012 pre-season and that he was looking forward to working with him upon his long-awaited return . Somma returned to light training for Leeds during September , It was revealed that Leeds were also looking to get Somma back playing reserve team matches to gain fitness from October onwards in the hope of him returning to the first team . Somma was set to play for Leeds Under 21 Development Squad in December , however his playing comeback was delayed when two matches were postponed due to adverse weather conditions . Somma was named in a Leeds United squad for the first time since the final day of the 2010–11 season when he was named on the bench for the League Cup tie against Chelsea on 19 December 2012 . Somma was also allocated the number 28 shirt for the season . Somma made his first team return as a second-half substitute in Leeds 2-1 victory against Middlesbrough on 22 December . Somma scored his first goal in only his second comeback appearance with a consolation goal in a 4-2 loss against Nottingham Forest on 26 December . Somma suffered a setback from his knee injury in February 2013 , with manager Neil Warnock revealing Somma had come back too quickly and that he would scale down his training . Somma returned to full training in April 2013 , and revealed that he would be available to take part in Leeds final 5 games of the season under new manager Brian McDermott . Somma returned to the Leeds team in Brian McDermotts first game in charge when he was named on the bench on 13 April against Sheffield Wednesday . Somma made his playing return as a substitute against Burnley F.C. , however his return was short lived when it was revealed Somma had damaged his knee cartilage and required an operation . The latest setback put Sommas future at the club in doubt with his contract set to expire in June . Following the expiry of Sommas contract in the summer of 2013 , the South African was released from Leeds , however he was due to return to the club for pre-season training with the aim of proving his fitness and earning a new contract , however Somma decided against returning . Post Leeds . After being without a club since leaving Leeds and almost unofficially retired from playing , Somma became a Junior Coach at Long Island United . In February 2017 , Somma tried to make a playing comeback when he and Striker Robbie Findley had a trial at MLS club New York Red Bulls , however both were unsuccessful with the trial and left the club on 15 February 2017 . International . Somma was eligible to play for his home country South Africa and Italy due to his heritage . Somma also expressed desire to play for USA but was not yet eligible . However ex-Leeds captain Lucas Radebe confirmed that Somma told him he wanted to play for South Africa ( Bafana Bafana ) . In October 2010 , new South Africa manager , Pitso Mosimane singled out Somma for special praise after impressing at Leeds United . Mosimane said ; We have good players playing in Europe and we have other players that we havent called up . There is a striker who is constantly scoring goals , Davide Somma . He is busy scoring and Im monitoring that . Im monitoring whether he can add value to our team… it is not because he plays overseas after mentioning a planned trip to Europe to take a closer look at some of these players . Mosimane claimed in November 2010 , that Somma might be called up for Bafana Bafanas friendly against USA on 17 November , in Cape Town On 10 November , Somma was named in South Africas squad for the first time for the friendly against USA . He responded to the opportunity by saying , I want to score goals , that is what feels good for me . I want to destroy them ( the USA ) . . . . I wanted to play for them , but nothing ever happened so I just want to do it against them tomorrow . On 17 November 2010 , Somma made his debut for Bafana Bafana against USA , wearing the number 19 shirt . South Africa lost the game 1–0 , with man of the match Brad Guzan keeping a clean sheet for the US . Somma was kept relatively quiet , although he provided a through ball in the first half to create one of South Africas best chances of the match . Somma was substituted early in the second half . 9 February 2011 , Somma scored his first international goal against Kenya in only his second cap for South Africa . 21 March Somma was called up to the South Africa squad to face Egypt , however he was an unused substitute . In May 2011 , South Africa legend Lucas Radebe said he believed that Somma could be the next Benni McCarthy for South Africa . 5 June Somma came on as a late substitute against Egypt to earn his 3rd cap in a 0–0 draw between the two countries . Honours . Club . Leeds United - League One runners up ( promoted ) : 2009–10 Individual . - Inducted into the NJCAA Mens Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011 External links . - MLSnet Profile - Davide Sommas Ex-File Page

easy

Davide Somma played for which team from 2005 to 2007?

/wiki/Davide_Somma#P54#1

Davide Somma Davide Enrico Somma ( born 26 March 1985 ) is a South African former footballer who played as a striker . He played for the South Africa national team as a striker and his most notable spell was at Leeds United . In November 2010 Somma made his debut for the South Africa national side against United States . He now works as a Junior Coach for Long Island United . Career . Youth and college . Born in Johannesburg , South Africa , Somma started playing football at the age of five for the Edenvale Football Club in his native Johannesburg . After moving to the United States with his family when he was 12 , he attended Riverview High School in Sarasota , Florida , and played club soccer with the Sarasota Storm and St . Pete Raiders . He played one year of college soccer at Tyler Junior College in 2004 , scoring 13 goals and registering nine assists , and being named to the National Junior College Athletic Association ( NJCAA ) Region XIV first team . After one season with Tyler , Somma enrolled at Edukick ( great camp ) , an international soccer school program , and joined the youth system of the Spanish team Logroñés , his Italian passport giving him the opportunity to pursue a career in Europe . Professional . Italy . Somma signed a four-year contract with Italian Serie A club Perugia in 2004 . However , Somma never played a game for the team as Perugias president bankrupted the club and it folded six months later . Somma transferred to Pro Vasto , and played 39 games for the team between 2005 and 2007 . He later played for Olbia before returning to the United States in 2008 . Major League Soccer . Somma signed a developmental contract with the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer in September 2008 along with Michael Ghebru and made three regular season appearances for the club during the 2008 season , in addition to five reserve team appearances in which he notched two goals and three assists . In December 2008 he joined the Generation Adidas team in London for a three-game tour of England and scored two goals for the squad as they faced the reserve teams of Reading , Chelsea , and West Ham United . In February 2009 , Somma signed a senior contract with the San Jose Earthquakes , but was placed on waivers on 26 May . Whilst at San Jose , he was a teammate of former Leeds United player Darren Huckerby , who encouraged Somma to find a new club in England . Leeds United . In July 2009 , Somma took part in a trial with Queens Park Rangers and played in a pre-season fixture as a winger . After his trial at QPR , Somma took part in a trial at Leeds United , and earned an extended spell at the club . He scored in a pre-season friendly against Newport County and also scored in friendlies against Newcastle United and Hull City , and signed a permanent contract with the club in September 2009 on a one-year deal , with an option in the clubs favour to extend the contract for a further season . In signing for Leeds , Somma became the fifth South African to play for Leeds following Gerry Francis , Albert Johanneson , Lucas Radebe and Phil Masinga . In an LUTV interview , Somma said that , due to his Italian heritage , he and teammate Mike Grella can speak to each other in Italian . Somma made his debut for Leeds in a reserve game against Rotherham United , and marked the game by scoring two goals . Somma was named in the Leeds squad for the Football League Trophy game against Darlington , and made his debut when he came on as a second-half substitute . His debut ended prematurely when he suffered a hamstring injury , which meant Leeds had to play the rest of the game with 10 men having used all their substitutions . After working his way back from injury and scoring regularly in the reserves , Somma returned to the Leeds first team squad when he was named as a substitute for a game against Leyton Orient on 23 November 2009 . On 26 November , Somma joined Chesterfield on loan until January 2010 . Somma was given squad number 32 , and made his Football League debut for the team on 2 December , starting a game against Crewe Alexandra . Somma had a penalty saved by Crewe goalkeeper Steve Phillips on his debut . Somma missed a number of Chesterfields games through injury . After Sommas one-month loan spell expired on 5 January 2010 , he returned to Leeds . He immediately returned to a Leeds first team squad when he was named on the bench in the FA Cup replay against Tottenham Hotspur . After impressing whilst out on loan to Lincoln , Somma was handed a new one-year extension to his contract at Leeds . Lincoln City loan . On 25 February 2010 , Somma joined Chris Suttons Lincoln City on a months loan to gain some more first -team experience and scored on his debut against Crewe Alexandra two days later . His second goal came against Hereford United . Sommas third goal came against Dagenham & Redbridge in the 1–1 draw . His fourth and fifth goals came in the same game against Torquay United , with Somma scoring a brace which helped earn a 3–2 win for Lincoln . He had scored five goals in five games during his loan spell , and thus became Lincolns top goal scorer for the entire season . On 23 March 2010 , City extended the loan of Somma until the end of the season . Somma scored a brace against Bournemouth taking his tally to seven goals in nine games for Lincoln . Later he scored his eighth of the season against Bury to secure Lincolns survival in League Two for another year . Somma then made it nine goals in 13 matches scoring Lincolns only goal in a 3–1 defeat away at Aldershot Town . He was given a red card for violent conduct in his final game for Lincoln City . After the match , his loan spell expired and he ended the season as Lincolns top goal scorer with nine goals . He also came third in Lincolns player of the season awards . Manager Chris Sutton said after Sommas loan spell that he would love to bring Somma back to the club on a permanent deal if he was not in Leeds first team plans . Return to Leeds United . 2010–11 season . Somma returned to Leeds United after his spell at Lincoln ended . Despite Sommas missing the first three competitive games of the season after his red card for Lincoln in the last game of the 2009–10 season , Simon Grayson has said Somma is part of his plans and will not be going out on loan for the 2010–11 season . Following his suspension , Somma was available to return to the Leeds side against Millwall , and duly scored twice on his league debut after coming on as a 75th-minute substitute , as Leeds won 3–1 . Somma claimed after his debut that he could replace Jermaine Beckford and score the goals the departed hitman previously scored for Leeds . He came into the starting line-up for the following match against Leicester City in the League Cup , scoring his third goal in two games . In his fourth game of the season , he scored his fourth goal of the season in the 5–2 defeat against Barnsley , with Somma scoring a late consolation goal for Leeds . Sommas first league start for Leeds came in the match against Doncaster Rovers , Somma received the man of the match award after putting in an impressive performance where he hit the crossbar and also had a goal ruled out for offside . Somma scored his fifth and sixth goals of the season against Preston North End . He scored his seventh goal of the season with a left footed volley against Middlesbrough . In November 2010 , Somma entered contract negotiations with Leeds over extending his contract , signing a three-year deal on 9 November . In December 2010 , after reports circulated in South Africa that Somma had joined Swansea City on loan , Leeds denied the story and said that it was totally incorrect . After a spell out of the side , Somma came on as a substitute on 8 January against Arsenal . Leeds were 1–0 up when Robert Snodgrass scored a second half penalty , Arsenal equalised in the 90th minute when Cesc Fàbregas scored a penalty . He came on as a second-half substitute against Scunthorpe United and scored his eighth goal of the season for Leeds . Seconds after coming on against Arsenal in the FA Cup replay , Somma nearly scored but instead put his shot wide of the goal . Somma scored his ninth goal of the season with his first touch of the ball after coming on as a substitute against Portsmouth . On 1 February , Somma made his first start since the 8 November and marked it with his 10th goal of the season against Hull City . Somma scored his 11th goal of the season against Coventry City . Somma continued his reputation as a super-sub when he scored his 12th goal of the season with his first touch versus Norwich City . The phonetic similarities between his surname Somma and the season Summer have led to the popular terrace chant parody of the Mungo Jerry song In the Summertime , which must be sung upon the very sight of the player on or off the field . 2011–12 season . On 15 July 2011 , Somma revealed via his Twitter page that he had torn his anterior cruciate ligaments during pre-season training and would be out for at least six months . After Somma revealed via Twitter the severity of his injury , manager Simon Grayson banned all Leeds United players Twitter accounts . Somma returned to light training during mid-December , stepping up his recovery from his cruciate ligament injury , meaning the players recovery was well in front of schedule . 2012–13 season . Leeds manager Neil Warnock said on 3 May that he hoped that Somma could return from injury during the 2012 pre-season and that he was looking forward to working with him upon his long-awaited return . Somma returned to light training for Leeds during September , It was revealed that Leeds were also looking to get Somma back playing reserve team matches to gain fitness from October onwards in the hope of him returning to the first team . Somma was set to play for Leeds Under 21 Development Squad in December , however his playing comeback was delayed when two matches were postponed due to adverse weather conditions . Somma was named in a Leeds United squad for the first time since the final day of the 2010–11 season when he was named on the bench for the League Cup tie against Chelsea on 19 December 2012 . Somma was also allocated the number 28 shirt for the season . Somma made his first team return as a second-half substitute in Leeds 2-1 victory against Middlesbrough on 22 December . Somma scored his first goal in only his second comeback appearance with a consolation goal in a 4-2 loss against Nottingham Forest on 26 December . Somma suffered a setback from his knee injury in February 2013 , with manager Neil Warnock revealing Somma had come back too quickly and that he would scale down his training . Somma returned to full training in April 2013 , and revealed that he would be available to take part in Leeds final 5 games of the season under new manager Brian McDermott . Somma returned to the Leeds team in Brian McDermotts first game in charge when he was named on the bench on 13 April against Sheffield Wednesday . Somma made his playing return as a substitute against Burnley F.C. , however his return was short lived when it was revealed Somma had damaged his knee cartilage and required an operation . The latest setback put Sommas future at the club in doubt with his contract set to expire in June . Following the expiry of Sommas contract in the summer of 2013 , the South African was released from Leeds , however he was due to return to the club for pre-season training with the aim of proving his fitness and earning a new contract , however Somma decided against returning . Post Leeds . After being without a club since leaving Leeds and almost unofficially retired from playing , Somma became a Junior Coach at Long Island United . In February 2017 , Somma tried to make a playing comeback when he and Striker Robbie Findley had a trial at MLS club New York Red Bulls , however both were unsuccessful with the trial and left the club on 15 February 2017 . International . Somma was eligible to play for his home country South Africa and Italy due to his heritage . Somma also expressed desire to play for USA but was not yet eligible . However ex-Leeds captain Lucas Radebe confirmed that Somma told him he wanted to play for South Africa ( Bafana Bafana ) . In October 2010 , new South Africa manager , Pitso Mosimane singled out Somma for special praise after impressing at Leeds United . Mosimane said ; We have good players playing in Europe and we have other players that we havent called up . There is a striker who is constantly scoring goals , Davide Somma . He is busy scoring and Im monitoring that . Im monitoring whether he can add value to our team… it is not because he plays overseas after mentioning a planned trip to Europe to take a closer look at some of these players . Mosimane claimed in November 2010 , that Somma might be called up for Bafana Bafanas friendly against USA on 17 November , in Cape Town On 10 November , Somma was named in South Africas squad for the first time for the friendly against USA . He responded to the opportunity by saying , I want to score goals , that is what feels good for me . I want to destroy them ( the USA ) . . . . I wanted to play for them , but nothing ever happened so I just want to do it against them tomorrow . On 17 November 2010 , Somma made his debut for Bafana Bafana against USA , wearing the number 19 shirt . South Africa lost the game 1–0 , with man of the match Brad Guzan keeping a clean sheet for the US . Somma was kept relatively quiet , although he provided a through ball in the first half to create one of South Africas best chances of the match . Somma was substituted early in the second half . 9 February 2011 , Somma scored his first international goal against Kenya in only his second cap for South Africa . 21 March Somma was called up to the South Africa squad to face Egypt , however he was an unused substitute . In May 2011 , South Africa legend Lucas Radebe said he believed that Somma could be the next Benni McCarthy for South Africa . 5 June Somma came on as a late substitute against Egypt to earn his 3rd cap in a 0–0 draw between the two countries . Honours . Club . Leeds United - League One runners up ( promoted ) : 2009–10 Individual . - Inducted into the NJCAA Mens Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011 External links . - MLSnet Profile - Davide Sommas Ex-File Page

easy

Which team did Davide Somma play for from 2007 to 2008?

/wiki/Davide_Somma#P54#2

Davide Somma Davide Enrico Somma ( born 26 March 1985 ) is a South African former footballer who played as a striker . He played for the South Africa national team as a striker and his most notable spell was at Leeds United . In November 2010 Somma made his debut for the South Africa national side against United States . He now works as a Junior Coach for Long Island United . Career . Youth and college . Born in Johannesburg , South Africa , Somma started playing football at the age of five for the Edenvale Football Club in his native Johannesburg . After moving to the United States with his family when he was 12 , he attended Riverview High School in Sarasota , Florida , and played club soccer with the Sarasota Storm and St . Pete Raiders . He played one year of college soccer at Tyler Junior College in 2004 , scoring 13 goals and registering nine assists , and being named to the National Junior College Athletic Association ( NJCAA ) Region XIV first team . After one season with Tyler , Somma enrolled at Edukick ( great camp ) , an international soccer school program , and joined the youth system of the Spanish team Logroñés , his Italian passport giving him the opportunity to pursue a career in Europe . Professional . Italy . Somma signed a four-year contract with Italian Serie A club Perugia in 2004 . However , Somma never played a game for the team as Perugias president bankrupted the club and it folded six months later . Somma transferred to Pro Vasto , and played 39 games for the team between 2005 and 2007 . He later played for Olbia before returning to the United States in 2008 . Major League Soccer . Somma signed a developmental contract with the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer in September 2008 along with Michael Ghebru and made three regular season appearances for the club during the 2008 season , in addition to five reserve team appearances in which he notched two goals and three assists . In December 2008 he joined the Generation Adidas team in London for a three-game tour of England and scored two goals for the squad as they faced the reserve teams of Reading , Chelsea , and West Ham United . In February 2009 , Somma signed a senior contract with the San Jose Earthquakes , but was placed on waivers on 26 May . Whilst at San Jose , he was a teammate of former Leeds United player Darren Huckerby , who encouraged Somma to find a new club in England . Leeds United . In July 2009 , Somma took part in a trial with Queens Park Rangers and played in a pre-season fixture as a winger . After his trial at QPR , Somma took part in a trial at Leeds United , and earned an extended spell at the club . He scored in a pre-season friendly against Newport County and also scored in friendlies against Newcastle United and Hull City , and signed a permanent contract with the club in September 2009 on a one-year deal , with an option in the clubs favour to extend the contract for a further season . In signing for Leeds , Somma became the fifth South African to play for Leeds following Gerry Francis , Albert Johanneson , Lucas Radebe and Phil Masinga . In an LUTV interview , Somma said that , due to his Italian heritage , he and teammate Mike Grella can speak to each other in Italian . Somma made his debut for Leeds in a reserve game against Rotherham United , and marked the game by scoring two goals . Somma was named in the Leeds squad for the Football League Trophy game against Darlington , and made his debut when he came on as a second-half substitute . His debut ended prematurely when he suffered a hamstring injury , which meant Leeds had to play the rest of the game with 10 men having used all their substitutions . After working his way back from injury and scoring regularly in the reserves , Somma returned to the Leeds first team squad when he was named as a substitute for a game against Leyton Orient on 23 November 2009 . On 26 November , Somma joined Chesterfield on loan until January 2010 . Somma was given squad number 32 , and made his Football League debut for the team on 2 December , starting a game against Crewe Alexandra . Somma had a penalty saved by Crewe goalkeeper Steve Phillips on his debut . Somma missed a number of Chesterfields games through injury . After Sommas one-month loan spell expired on 5 January 2010 , he returned to Leeds . He immediately returned to a Leeds first team squad when he was named on the bench in the FA Cup replay against Tottenham Hotspur . After impressing whilst out on loan to Lincoln , Somma was handed a new one-year extension to his contract at Leeds . Lincoln City loan . On 25 February 2010 , Somma joined Chris Suttons Lincoln City on a months loan to gain some more first -team experience and scored on his debut against Crewe Alexandra two days later . His second goal came against Hereford United . Sommas third goal came against Dagenham & Redbridge in the 1–1 draw . His fourth and fifth goals came in the same game against Torquay United , with Somma scoring a brace which helped earn a 3–2 win for Lincoln . He had scored five goals in five games during his loan spell , and thus became Lincolns top goal scorer for the entire season . On 23 March 2010 , City extended the loan of Somma until the end of the season . Somma scored a brace against Bournemouth taking his tally to seven goals in nine games for Lincoln . Later he scored his eighth of the season against Bury to secure Lincolns survival in League Two for another year . Somma then made it nine goals in 13 matches scoring Lincolns only goal in a 3–1 defeat away at Aldershot Town . He was given a red card for violent conduct in his final game for Lincoln City . After the match , his loan spell expired and he ended the season as Lincolns top goal scorer with nine goals . He also came third in Lincolns player of the season awards . Manager Chris Sutton said after Sommas loan spell that he would love to bring Somma back to the club on a permanent deal if he was not in Leeds first team plans . Return to Leeds United . 2010–11 season . Somma returned to Leeds United after his spell at Lincoln ended . Despite Sommas missing the first three competitive games of the season after his red card for Lincoln in the last game of the 2009–10 season , Simon Grayson has said Somma is part of his plans and will not be going out on loan for the 2010–11 season . Following his suspension , Somma was available to return to the Leeds side against Millwall , and duly scored twice on his league debut after coming on as a 75th-minute substitute , as Leeds won 3–1 . Somma claimed after his debut that he could replace Jermaine Beckford and score the goals the departed hitman previously scored for Leeds . He came into the starting line-up for the following match against Leicester City in the League Cup , scoring his third goal in two games . In his fourth game of the season , he scored his fourth goal of the season in the 5–2 defeat against Barnsley , with Somma scoring a late consolation goal for Leeds . Sommas first league start for Leeds came in the match against Doncaster Rovers , Somma received the man of the match award after putting in an impressive performance where he hit the crossbar and also had a goal ruled out for offside . Somma scored his fifth and sixth goals of the season against Preston North End . He scored his seventh goal of the season with a left footed volley against Middlesbrough . In November 2010 , Somma entered contract negotiations with Leeds over extending his contract , signing a three-year deal on 9 November . In December 2010 , after reports circulated in South Africa that Somma had joined Swansea City on loan , Leeds denied the story and said that it was totally incorrect . After a spell out of the side , Somma came on as a substitute on 8 January against Arsenal . Leeds were 1–0 up when Robert Snodgrass scored a second half penalty , Arsenal equalised in the 90th minute when Cesc Fàbregas scored a penalty . He came on as a second-half substitute against Scunthorpe United and scored his eighth goal of the season for Leeds . Seconds after coming on against Arsenal in the FA Cup replay , Somma nearly scored but instead put his shot wide of the goal . Somma scored his ninth goal of the season with his first touch of the ball after coming on as a substitute against Portsmouth . On 1 February , Somma made his first start since the 8 November and marked it with his 10th goal of the season against Hull City . Somma scored his 11th goal of the season against Coventry City . Somma continued his reputation as a super-sub when he scored his 12th goal of the season with his first touch versus Norwich City . The phonetic similarities between his surname Somma and the season Summer have led to the popular terrace chant parody of the Mungo Jerry song In the Summertime , which must be sung upon the very sight of the player on or off the field . 2011–12 season . On 15 July 2011 , Somma revealed via his Twitter page that he had torn his anterior cruciate ligaments during pre-season training and would be out for at least six months . After Somma revealed via Twitter the severity of his injury , manager Simon Grayson banned all Leeds United players Twitter accounts . Somma returned to light training during mid-December , stepping up his recovery from his cruciate ligament injury , meaning the players recovery was well in front of schedule . 2012–13 season . Leeds manager Neil Warnock said on 3 May that he hoped that Somma could return from injury during the 2012 pre-season and that he was looking forward to working with him upon his long-awaited return . Somma returned to light training for Leeds during September , It was revealed that Leeds were also looking to get Somma back playing reserve team matches to gain fitness from October onwards in the hope of him returning to the first team . Somma was set to play for Leeds Under 21 Development Squad in December , however his playing comeback was delayed when two matches were postponed due to adverse weather conditions . Somma was named in a Leeds United squad for the first time since the final day of the 2010–11 season when he was named on the bench for the League Cup tie against Chelsea on 19 December 2012 . Somma was also allocated the number 28 shirt for the season . Somma made his first team return as a second-half substitute in Leeds 2-1 victory against Middlesbrough on 22 December . Somma scored his first goal in only his second comeback appearance with a consolation goal in a 4-2 loss against Nottingham Forest on 26 December . Somma suffered a setback from his knee injury in February 2013 , with manager Neil Warnock revealing Somma had come back too quickly and that he would scale down his training . Somma returned to full training in April 2013 , and revealed that he would be available to take part in Leeds final 5 games of the season under new manager Brian McDermott . Somma returned to the Leeds team in Brian McDermotts first game in charge when he was named on the bench on 13 April against Sheffield Wednesday . Somma made his playing return as a substitute against Burnley F.C. , however his return was short lived when it was revealed Somma had damaged his knee cartilage and required an operation . The latest setback put Sommas future at the club in doubt with his contract set to expire in June . Following the expiry of Sommas contract in the summer of 2013 , the South African was released from Leeds , however he was due to return to the club for pre-season training with the aim of proving his fitness and earning a new contract , however Somma decided against returning . Post Leeds . After being without a club since leaving Leeds and almost unofficially retired from playing , Somma became a Junior Coach at Long Island United . In February 2017 , Somma tried to make a playing comeback when he and Striker Robbie Findley had a trial at MLS club New York Red Bulls , however both were unsuccessful with the trial and left the club on 15 February 2017 . International . Somma was eligible to play for his home country South Africa and Italy due to his heritage . Somma also expressed desire to play for USA but was not yet eligible . However ex-Leeds captain Lucas Radebe confirmed that Somma told him he wanted to play for South Africa ( Bafana Bafana ) . In October 2010 , new South Africa manager , Pitso Mosimane singled out Somma for special praise after impressing at Leeds United . Mosimane said ; We have good players playing in Europe and we have other players that we havent called up . There is a striker who is constantly scoring goals , Davide Somma . He is busy scoring and Im monitoring that . Im monitoring whether he can add value to our team… it is not because he plays overseas after mentioning a planned trip to Europe to take a closer look at some of these players . Mosimane claimed in November 2010 , that Somma might be called up for Bafana Bafanas friendly against USA on 17 November , in Cape Town On 10 November , Somma was named in South Africas squad for the first time for the friendly against USA . He responded to the opportunity by saying , I want to score goals , that is what feels good for me . I want to destroy them ( the USA ) . . . . I wanted to play for them , but nothing ever happened so I just want to do it against them tomorrow . On 17 November 2010 , Somma made his debut for Bafana Bafana against USA , wearing the number 19 shirt . South Africa lost the game 1–0 , with man of the match Brad Guzan keeping a clean sheet for the US . Somma was kept relatively quiet , although he provided a through ball in the first half to create one of South Africas best chances of the match . Somma was substituted early in the second half . 9 February 2011 , Somma scored his first international goal against Kenya in only his second cap for South Africa . 21 March Somma was called up to the South Africa squad to face Egypt , however he was an unused substitute . In May 2011 , South Africa legend Lucas Radebe said he believed that Somma could be the next Benni McCarthy for South Africa . 5 June Somma came on as a late substitute against Egypt to earn his 3rd cap in a 0–0 draw between the two countries . Honours . Club . Leeds United - League One runners up ( promoted ) : 2009–10 Individual . - Inducted into the NJCAA Mens Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011 External links . - MLSnet Profile - Davide Sommas Ex-File Page

easy

Which team did the player Davide Somma belong to from 2008 to 2009?

/wiki/Davide_Somma#P54#3

Davide Somma Davide Enrico Somma ( born 26 March 1985 ) is a South African former footballer who played as a striker . He played for the South Africa national team as a striker and his most notable spell was at Leeds United . In November 2010 Somma made his debut for the South Africa national side against United States . He now works as a Junior Coach for Long Island United . Career . Youth and college . Born in Johannesburg , South Africa , Somma started playing football at the age of five for the Edenvale Football Club in his native Johannesburg . After moving to the United States with his family when he was 12 , he attended Riverview High School in Sarasota , Florida , and played club soccer with the Sarasota Storm and St . Pete Raiders . He played one year of college soccer at Tyler Junior College in 2004 , scoring 13 goals and registering nine assists , and being named to the National Junior College Athletic Association ( NJCAA ) Region XIV first team . After one season with Tyler , Somma enrolled at Edukick ( great camp ) , an international soccer school program , and joined the youth system of the Spanish team Logroñés , his Italian passport giving him the opportunity to pursue a career in Europe . Professional . Italy . Somma signed a four-year contract with Italian Serie A club Perugia in 2004 . However , Somma never played a game for the team as Perugias president bankrupted the club and it folded six months later . Somma transferred to Pro Vasto , and played 39 games for the team between 2005 and 2007 . He later played for Olbia before returning to the United States in 2008 . Major League Soccer . Somma signed a developmental contract with the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer in September 2008 along with Michael Ghebru and made three regular season appearances for the club during the 2008 season , in addition to five reserve team appearances in which he notched two goals and three assists . In December 2008 he joined the Generation Adidas team in London for a three-game tour of England and scored two goals for the squad as they faced the reserve teams of Reading , Chelsea , and West Ham United . In February 2009 , Somma signed a senior contract with the San Jose Earthquakes , but was placed on waivers on 26 May . Whilst at San Jose , he was a teammate of former Leeds United player Darren Huckerby , who encouraged Somma to find a new club in England . Leeds United . In July 2009 , Somma took part in a trial with Queens Park Rangers and played in a pre-season fixture as a winger . After his trial at QPR , Somma took part in a trial at Leeds United , and earned an extended spell at the club . He scored in a pre-season friendly against Newport County and also scored in friendlies against Newcastle United and Hull City , and signed a permanent contract with the club in September 2009 on a one-year deal , with an option in the clubs favour to extend the contract for a further season . In signing for Leeds , Somma became the fifth South African to play for Leeds following Gerry Francis , Albert Johanneson , Lucas Radebe and Phil Masinga . In an LUTV interview , Somma said that , due to his Italian heritage , he and teammate Mike Grella can speak to each other in Italian . Somma made his debut for Leeds in a reserve game against Rotherham United , and marked the game by scoring two goals . Somma was named in the Leeds squad for the Football League Trophy game against Darlington , and made his debut when he came on as a second-half substitute . His debut ended prematurely when he suffered a hamstring injury , which meant Leeds had to play the rest of the game with 10 men having used all their substitutions . After working his way back from injury and scoring regularly in the reserves , Somma returned to the Leeds first team squad when he was named as a substitute for a game against Leyton Orient on 23 November 2009 . On 26 November , Somma joined Chesterfield on loan until January 2010 . Somma was given squad number 32 , and made his Football League debut for the team on 2 December , starting a game against Crewe Alexandra . Somma had a penalty saved by Crewe goalkeeper Steve Phillips on his debut . Somma missed a number of Chesterfields games through injury . After Sommas one-month loan spell expired on 5 January 2010 , he returned to Leeds . He immediately returned to a Leeds first team squad when he was named on the bench in the FA Cup replay against Tottenham Hotspur . After impressing whilst out on loan to Lincoln , Somma was handed a new one-year extension to his contract at Leeds . Lincoln City loan . On 25 February 2010 , Somma joined Chris Suttons Lincoln City on a months loan to gain some more first -team experience and scored on his debut against Crewe Alexandra two days later . His second goal came against Hereford United . Sommas third goal came against Dagenham & Redbridge in the 1–1 draw . His fourth and fifth goals came in the same game against Torquay United , with Somma scoring a brace which helped earn a 3–2 win for Lincoln . He had scored five goals in five games during his loan spell , and thus became Lincolns top goal scorer for the entire season . On 23 March 2010 , City extended the loan of Somma until the end of the season . Somma scored a brace against Bournemouth taking his tally to seven goals in nine games for Lincoln . Later he scored his eighth of the season against Bury to secure Lincolns survival in League Two for another year . Somma then made it nine goals in 13 matches scoring Lincolns only goal in a 3–1 defeat away at Aldershot Town . He was given a red card for violent conduct in his final game for Lincoln City . After the match , his loan spell expired and he ended the season as Lincolns top goal scorer with nine goals . He also came third in Lincolns player of the season awards . Manager Chris Sutton said after Sommas loan spell that he would love to bring Somma back to the club on a permanent deal if he was not in Leeds first team plans . Return to Leeds United . 2010–11 season . Somma returned to Leeds United after his spell at Lincoln ended . Despite Sommas missing the first three competitive games of the season after his red card for Lincoln in the last game of the 2009–10 season , Simon Grayson has said Somma is part of his plans and will not be going out on loan for the 2010–11 season . Following his suspension , Somma was available to return to the Leeds side against Millwall , and duly scored twice on his league debut after coming on as a 75th-minute substitute , as Leeds won 3–1 . Somma claimed after his debut that he could replace Jermaine Beckford and score the goals the departed hitman previously scored for Leeds . He came into the starting line-up for the following match against Leicester City in the League Cup , scoring his third goal in two games . In his fourth game of the season , he scored his fourth goal of the season in the 5–2 defeat against Barnsley , with Somma scoring a late consolation goal for Leeds . Sommas first league start for Leeds came in the match against Doncaster Rovers , Somma received the man of the match award after putting in an impressive performance where he hit the crossbar and also had a goal ruled out for offside . Somma scored his fifth and sixth goals of the season against Preston North End . He scored his seventh goal of the season with a left footed volley against Middlesbrough . In November 2010 , Somma entered contract negotiations with Leeds over extending his contract , signing a three-year deal on 9 November . In December 2010 , after reports circulated in South Africa that Somma had joined Swansea City on loan , Leeds denied the story and said that it was totally incorrect . After a spell out of the side , Somma came on as a substitute on 8 January against Arsenal . Leeds were 1–0 up when Robert Snodgrass scored a second half penalty , Arsenal equalised in the 90th minute when Cesc Fàbregas scored a penalty . He came on as a second-half substitute against Scunthorpe United and scored his eighth goal of the season for Leeds . Seconds after coming on against Arsenal in the FA Cup replay , Somma nearly scored but instead put his shot wide of the goal . Somma scored his ninth goal of the season with his first touch of the ball after coming on as a substitute against Portsmouth . On 1 February , Somma made his first start since the 8 November and marked it with his 10th goal of the season against Hull City . Somma scored his 11th goal of the season against Coventry City . Somma continued his reputation as a super-sub when he scored his 12th goal of the season with his first touch versus Norwich City . The phonetic similarities between his surname Somma and the season Summer have led to the popular terrace chant parody of the Mungo Jerry song In the Summertime , which must be sung upon the very sight of the player on or off the field . 2011–12 season . On 15 July 2011 , Somma revealed via his Twitter page that he had torn his anterior cruciate ligaments during pre-season training and would be out for at least six months . After Somma revealed via Twitter the severity of his injury , manager Simon Grayson banned all Leeds United players Twitter accounts . Somma returned to light training during mid-December , stepping up his recovery from his cruciate ligament injury , meaning the players recovery was well in front of schedule . 2012–13 season . Leeds manager Neil Warnock said on 3 May that he hoped that Somma could return from injury during the 2012 pre-season and that he was looking forward to working with him upon his long-awaited return . Somma returned to light training for Leeds during September , It was revealed that Leeds were also looking to get Somma back playing reserve team matches to gain fitness from October onwards in the hope of him returning to the first team . Somma was set to play for Leeds Under 21 Development Squad in December , however his playing comeback was delayed when two matches were postponed due to adverse weather conditions . Somma was named in a Leeds United squad for the first time since the final day of the 2010–11 season when he was named on the bench for the League Cup tie against Chelsea on 19 December 2012 . Somma was also allocated the number 28 shirt for the season . Somma made his first team return as a second-half substitute in Leeds 2-1 victory against Middlesbrough on 22 December . Somma scored his first goal in only his second comeback appearance with a consolation goal in a 4-2 loss against Nottingham Forest on 26 December . Somma suffered a setback from his knee injury in February 2013 , with manager Neil Warnock revealing Somma had come back too quickly and that he would scale down his training . Somma returned to full training in April 2013 , and revealed that he would be available to take part in Leeds final 5 games of the season under new manager Brian McDermott . Somma returned to the Leeds team in Brian McDermotts first game in charge when he was named on the bench on 13 April against Sheffield Wednesday . Somma made his playing return as a substitute against Burnley F.C. , however his return was short lived when it was revealed Somma had damaged his knee cartilage and required an operation . The latest setback put Sommas future at the club in doubt with his contract set to expire in June . Following the expiry of Sommas contract in the summer of 2013 , the South African was released from Leeds , however he was due to return to the club for pre-season training with the aim of proving his fitness and earning a new contract , however Somma decided against returning . Post Leeds . After being without a club since leaving Leeds and almost unofficially retired from playing , Somma became a Junior Coach at Long Island United . In February 2017 , Somma tried to make a playing comeback when he and Striker Robbie Findley had a trial at MLS club New York Red Bulls , however both were unsuccessful with the trial and left the club on 15 February 2017 . International . Somma was eligible to play for his home country South Africa and Italy due to his heritage . Somma also expressed desire to play for USA but was not yet eligible . However ex-Leeds captain Lucas Radebe confirmed that Somma told him he wanted to play for South Africa ( Bafana Bafana ) . In October 2010 , new South Africa manager , Pitso Mosimane singled out Somma for special praise after impressing at Leeds United . Mosimane said ; We have good players playing in Europe and we have other players that we havent called up . There is a striker who is constantly scoring goals , Davide Somma . He is busy scoring and Im monitoring that . Im monitoring whether he can add value to our team… it is not because he plays overseas after mentioning a planned trip to Europe to take a closer look at some of these players . Mosimane claimed in November 2010 , that Somma might be called up for Bafana Bafanas friendly against USA on 17 November , in Cape Town On 10 November , Somma was named in South Africas squad for the first time for the friendly against USA . He responded to the opportunity by saying , I want to score goals , that is what feels good for me . I want to destroy them ( the USA ) . . . . I wanted to play for them , but nothing ever happened so I just want to do it against them tomorrow . On 17 November 2010 , Somma made his debut for Bafana Bafana against USA , wearing the number 19 shirt . South Africa lost the game 1–0 , with man of the match Brad Guzan keeping a clean sheet for the US . Somma was kept relatively quiet , although he provided a through ball in the first half to create one of South Africas best chances of the match . Somma was substituted early in the second half . 9 February 2011 , Somma scored his first international goal against Kenya in only his second cap for South Africa . 21 March Somma was called up to the South Africa squad to face Egypt , however he was an unused substitute . In May 2011 , South Africa legend Lucas Radebe said he believed that Somma could be the next Benni McCarthy for South Africa . 5 June Somma came on as a late substitute against Egypt to earn his 3rd cap in a 0–0 draw between the two countries . Honours . Club . Leeds United - League One runners up ( promoted ) : 2009–10 Individual . - Inducted into the NJCAA Mens Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011 External links . - MLSnet Profile - Davide Sommas Ex-File Page

easy

Which team did the player Davide Somma belong to from 2009 to 2010?

/wiki/Davide_Somma#P54#4

Davide Somma Davide Enrico Somma ( born 26 March 1985 ) is a South African former footballer who played as a striker . He played for the South Africa national team as a striker and his most notable spell was at Leeds United . In November 2010 Somma made his debut for the South Africa national side against United States . He now works as a Junior Coach for Long Island United . Career . Youth and college . Born in Johannesburg , South Africa , Somma started playing football at the age of five for the Edenvale Football Club in his native Johannesburg . After moving to the United States with his family when he was 12 , he attended Riverview High School in Sarasota , Florida , and played club soccer with the Sarasota Storm and St . Pete Raiders . He played one year of college soccer at Tyler Junior College in 2004 , scoring 13 goals and registering nine assists , and being named to the National Junior College Athletic Association ( NJCAA ) Region XIV first team . After one season with Tyler , Somma enrolled at Edukick ( great camp ) , an international soccer school program , and joined the youth system of the Spanish team Logroñés , his Italian passport giving him the opportunity to pursue a career in Europe . Professional . Italy . Somma signed a four-year contract with Italian Serie A club Perugia in 2004 . However , Somma never played a game for the team as Perugias president bankrupted the club and it folded six months later . Somma transferred to Pro Vasto , and played 39 games for the team between 2005 and 2007 . He later played for Olbia before returning to the United States in 2008 . Major League Soccer . Somma signed a developmental contract with the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer in September 2008 along with Michael Ghebru and made three regular season appearances for the club during the 2008 season , in addition to five reserve team appearances in which he notched two goals and three assists . In December 2008 he joined the Generation Adidas team in London for a three-game tour of England and scored two goals for the squad as they faced the reserve teams of Reading , Chelsea , and West Ham United . In February 2009 , Somma signed a senior contract with the San Jose Earthquakes , but was placed on waivers on 26 May . Whilst at San Jose , he was a teammate of former Leeds United player Darren Huckerby , who encouraged Somma to find a new club in England . Leeds United . In July 2009 , Somma took part in a trial with Queens Park Rangers and played in a pre-season fixture as a winger . After his trial at QPR , Somma took part in a trial at Leeds United , and earned an extended spell at the club . He scored in a pre-season friendly against Newport County and also scored in friendlies against Newcastle United and Hull City , and signed a permanent contract with the club in September 2009 on a one-year deal , with an option in the clubs favour to extend the contract for a further season . In signing for Leeds , Somma became the fifth South African to play for Leeds following Gerry Francis , Albert Johanneson , Lucas Radebe and Phil Masinga . In an LUTV interview , Somma said that , due to his Italian heritage , he and teammate Mike Grella can speak to each other in Italian . Somma made his debut for Leeds in a reserve game against Rotherham United , and marked the game by scoring two goals . Somma was named in the Leeds squad for the Football League Trophy game against Darlington , and made his debut when he came on as a second-half substitute . His debut ended prematurely when he suffered a hamstring injury , which meant Leeds had to play the rest of the game with 10 men having used all their substitutions . After working his way back from injury and scoring regularly in the reserves , Somma returned to the Leeds first team squad when he was named as a substitute for a game against Leyton Orient on 23 November 2009 . On 26 November , Somma joined Chesterfield on loan until January 2010 . Somma was given squad number 32 , and made his Football League debut for the team on 2 December , starting a game against Crewe Alexandra . Somma had a penalty saved by Crewe goalkeeper Steve Phillips on his debut . Somma missed a number of Chesterfields games through injury . After Sommas one-month loan spell expired on 5 January 2010 , he returned to Leeds . He immediately returned to a Leeds first team squad when he was named on the bench in the FA Cup replay against Tottenham Hotspur . After impressing whilst out on loan to Lincoln , Somma was handed a new one-year extension to his contract at Leeds . Lincoln City loan . On 25 February 2010 , Somma joined Chris Suttons Lincoln City on a months loan to gain some more first -team experience and scored on his debut against Crewe Alexandra two days later . His second goal came against Hereford United . Sommas third goal came against Dagenham & Redbridge in the 1–1 draw . His fourth and fifth goals came in the same game against Torquay United , with Somma scoring a brace which helped earn a 3–2 win for Lincoln . He had scored five goals in five games during his loan spell , and thus became Lincolns top goal scorer for the entire season . On 23 March 2010 , City extended the loan of Somma until the end of the season . Somma scored a brace against Bournemouth taking his tally to seven goals in nine games for Lincoln . Later he scored his eighth of the season against Bury to secure Lincolns survival in League Two for another year . Somma then made it nine goals in 13 matches scoring Lincolns only goal in a 3–1 defeat away at Aldershot Town . He was given a red card for violent conduct in his final game for Lincoln City . After the match , his loan spell expired and he ended the season as Lincolns top goal scorer with nine goals . He also came third in Lincolns player of the season awards . Manager Chris Sutton said after Sommas loan spell that he would love to bring Somma back to the club on a permanent deal if he was not in Leeds first team plans . Return to Leeds United . 2010–11 season . Somma returned to Leeds United after his spell at Lincoln ended . Despite Sommas missing the first three competitive games of the season after his red card for Lincoln in the last game of the 2009–10 season , Simon Grayson has said Somma is part of his plans and will not be going out on loan for the 2010–11 season . Following his suspension , Somma was available to return to the Leeds side against Millwall , and duly scored twice on his league debut after coming on as a 75th-minute substitute , as Leeds won 3–1 . Somma claimed after his debut that he could replace Jermaine Beckford and score the goals the departed hitman previously scored for Leeds . He came into the starting line-up for the following match against Leicester City in the League Cup , scoring his third goal in two games . In his fourth game of the season , he scored his fourth goal of the season in the 5–2 defeat against Barnsley , with Somma scoring a late consolation goal for Leeds . Sommas first league start for Leeds came in the match against Doncaster Rovers , Somma received the man of the match award after putting in an impressive performance where he hit the crossbar and also had a goal ruled out for offside . Somma scored his fifth and sixth goals of the season against Preston North End . He scored his seventh goal of the season with a left footed volley against Middlesbrough . In November 2010 , Somma entered contract negotiations with Leeds over extending his contract , signing a three-year deal on 9 November . In December 2010 , after reports circulated in South Africa that Somma had joined Swansea City on loan , Leeds denied the story and said that it was totally incorrect . After a spell out of the side , Somma came on as a substitute on 8 January against Arsenal . Leeds were 1–0 up when Robert Snodgrass scored a second half penalty , Arsenal equalised in the 90th minute when Cesc Fàbregas scored a penalty . He came on as a second-half substitute against Scunthorpe United and scored his eighth goal of the season for Leeds . Seconds after coming on against Arsenal in the FA Cup replay , Somma nearly scored but instead put his shot wide of the goal . Somma scored his ninth goal of the season with his first touch of the ball after coming on as a substitute against Portsmouth . On 1 February , Somma made his first start since the 8 November and marked it with his 10th goal of the season against Hull City . Somma scored his 11th goal of the season against Coventry City . Somma continued his reputation as a super-sub when he scored his 12th goal of the season with his first touch versus Norwich City . The phonetic similarities between his surname Somma and the season Summer have led to the popular terrace chant parody of the Mungo Jerry song In the Summertime , which must be sung upon the very sight of the player on or off the field . 2011–12 season . On 15 July 2011 , Somma revealed via his Twitter page that he had torn his anterior cruciate ligaments during pre-season training and would be out for at least six months . After Somma revealed via Twitter the severity of his injury , manager Simon Grayson banned all Leeds United players Twitter accounts . Somma returned to light training during mid-December , stepping up his recovery from his cruciate ligament injury , meaning the players recovery was well in front of schedule . 2012–13 season . Leeds manager Neil Warnock said on 3 May that he hoped that Somma could return from injury during the 2012 pre-season and that he was looking forward to working with him upon his long-awaited return . Somma returned to light training for Leeds during September , It was revealed that Leeds were also looking to get Somma back playing reserve team matches to gain fitness from October onwards in the hope of him returning to the first team . Somma was set to play for Leeds Under 21 Development Squad in December , however his playing comeback was delayed when two matches were postponed due to adverse weather conditions . Somma was named in a Leeds United squad for the first time since the final day of the 2010–11 season when he was named on the bench for the League Cup tie against Chelsea on 19 December 2012 . Somma was also allocated the number 28 shirt for the season . Somma made his first team return as a second-half substitute in Leeds 2-1 victory against Middlesbrough on 22 December . Somma scored his first goal in only his second comeback appearance with a consolation goal in a 4-2 loss against Nottingham Forest on 26 December . Somma suffered a setback from his knee injury in February 2013 , with manager Neil Warnock revealing Somma had come back too quickly and that he would scale down his training . Somma returned to full training in April 2013 , and revealed that he would be available to take part in Leeds final 5 games of the season under new manager Brian McDermott . Somma returned to the Leeds team in Brian McDermotts first game in charge when he was named on the bench on 13 April against Sheffield Wednesday . Somma made his playing return as a substitute against Burnley F.C. , however his return was short lived when it was revealed Somma had damaged his knee cartilage and required an operation . The latest setback put Sommas future at the club in doubt with his contract set to expire in June . Following the expiry of Sommas contract in the summer of 2013 , the South African was released from Leeds , however he was due to return to the club for pre-season training with the aim of proving his fitness and earning a new contract , however Somma decided against returning . Post Leeds . After being without a club since leaving Leeds and almost unofficially retired from playing , Somma became a Junior Coach at Long Island United . In February 2017 , Somma tried to make a playing comeback when he and Striker Robbie Findley had a trial at MLS club New York Red Bulls , however both were unsuccessful with the trial and left the club on 15 February 2017 . International . Somma was eligible to play for his home country South Africa and Italy due to his heritage . Somma also expressed desire to play for USA but was not yet eligible . However ex-Leeds captain Lucas Radebe confirmed that Somma told him he wanted to play for South Africa ( Bafana Bafana ) . In October 2010 , new South Africa manager , Pitso Mosimane singled out Somma for special praise after impressing at Leeds United . Mosimane said ; We have good players playing in Europe and we have other players that we havent called up . There is a striker who is constantly scoring goals , Davide Somma . He is busy scoring and Im monitoring that . Im monitoring whether he can add value to our team… it is not because he plays overseas after mentioning a planned trip to Europe to take a closer look at some of these players . Mosimane claimed in November 2010 , that Somma might be called up for Bafana Bafanas friendly against USA on 17 November , in Cape Town On 10 November , Somma was named in South Africas squad for the first time for the friendly against USA . He responded to the opportunity by saying , I want to score goals , that is what feels good for me . I want to destroy them ( the USA ) . . . . I wanted to play for them , but nothing ever happened so I just want to do it against them tomorrow . On 17 November 2010 , Somma made his debut for Bafana Bafana against USA , wearing the number 19 shirt . South Africa lost the game 1–0 , with man of the match Brad Guzan keeping a clean sheet for the US . Somma was kept relatively quiet , although he provided a through ball in the first half to create one of South Africas best chances of the match . Somma was substituted early in the second half . 9 February 2011 , Somma scored his first international goal against Kenya in only his second cap for South Africa . 21 March Somma was called up to the South Africa squad to face Egypt , however he was an unused substitute . In May 2011 , South Africa legend Lucas Radebe said he believed that Somma could be the next Benni McCarthy for South Africa . 5 June Somma came on as a late substitute against Egypt to earn his 3rd cap in a 0–0 draw between the two countries . Honours . Club . Leeds United - League One runners up ( promoted ) : 2009–10 Individual . - Inducted into the NJCAA Mens Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011 External links . - MLSnet Profile - Davide Sommas Ex-File Page

easy

Which team did the player Davide Somma belong to from 2010 to 2011?

/wiki/Davide_Somma#P54#5

Davide Somma Davide Enrico Somma ( born 26 March 1985 ) is a South African former footballer who played as a striker . He played for the South Africa national team as a striker and his most notable spell was at Leeds United . In November 2010 Somma made his debut for the South Africa national side against United States . He now works as a Junior Coach for Long Island United . Career . Youth and college . Born in Johannesburg , South Africa , Somma started playing football at the age of five for the Edenvale Football Club in his native Johannesburg . After moving to the United States with his family when he was 12 , he attended Riverview High School in Sarasota , Florida , and played club soccer with the Sarasota Storm and St . Pete Raiders . He played one year of college soccer at Tyler Junior College in 2004 , scoring 13 goals and registering nine assists , and being named to the National Junior College Athletic Association ( NJCAA ) Region XIV first team . After one season with Tyler , Somma enrolled at Edukick ( great camp ) , an international soccer school program , and joined the youth system of the Spanish team Logroñés , his Italian passport giving him the opportunity to pursue a career in Europe . Professional . Italy . Somma signed a four-year contract with Italian Serie A club Perugia in 2004 . However , Somma never played a game for the team as Perugias president bankrupted the club and it folded six months later . Somma transferred to Pro Vasto , and played 39 games for the team between 2005 and 2007 . He later played for Olbia before returning to the United States in 2008 . Major League Soccer . Somma signed a developmental contract with the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer in September 2008 along with Michael Ghebru and made three regular season appearances for the club during the 2008 season , in addition to five reserve team appearances in which he notched two goals and three assists . In December 2008 he joined the Generation Adidas team in London for a three-game tour of England and scored two goals for the squad as they faced the reserve teams of Reading , Chelsea , and West Ham United . In February 2009 , Somma signed a senior contract with the San Jose Earthquakes , but was placed on waivers on 26 May . Whilst at San Jose , he was a teammate of former Leeds United player Darren Huckerby , who encouraged Somma to find a new club in England . Leeds United . In July 2009 , Somma took part in a trial with Queens Park Rangers and played in a pre-season fixture as a winger . After his trial at QPR , Somma took part in a trial at Leeds United , and earned an extended spell at the club . He scored in a pre-season friendly against Newport County and also scored in friendlies against Newcastle United and Hull City , and signed a permanent contract with the club in September 2009 on a one-year deal , with an option in the clubs favour to extend the contract for a further season . In signing for Leeds , Somma became the fifth South African to play for Leeds following Gerry Francis , Albert Johanneson , Lucas Radebe and Phil Masinga . In an LUTV interview , Somma said that , due to his Italian heritage , he and teammate Mike Grella can speak to each other in Italian . Somma made his debut for Leeds in a reserve game against Rotherham United , and marked the game by scoring two goals . Somma was named in the Leeds squad for the Football League Trophy game against Darlington , and made his debut when he came on as a second-half substitute . His debut ended prematurely when he suffered a hamstring injury , which meant Leeds had to play the rest of the game with 10 men having used all their substitutions . After working his way back from injury and scoring regularly in the reserves , Somma returned to the Leeds first team squad when he was named as a substitute for a game against Leyton Orient on 23 November 2009 . On 26 November , Somma joined Chesterfield on loan until January 2010 . Somma was given squad number 32 , and made his Football League debut for the team on 2 December , starting a game against Crewe Alexandra . Somma had a penalty saved by Crewe goalkeeper Steve Phillips on his debut . Somma missed a number of Chesterfields games through injury . After Sommas one-month loan spell expired on 5 January 2010 , he returned to Leeds . He immediately returned to a Leeds first team squad when he was named on the bench in the FA Cup replay against Tottenham Hotspur . After impressing whilst out on loan to Lincoln , Somma was handed a new one-year extension to his contract at Leeds . Lincoln City loan . On 25 February 2010 , Somma joined Chris Suttons Lincoln City on a months loan to gain some more first -team experience and scored on his debut against Crewe Alexandra two days later . His second goal came against Hereford United . Sommas third goal came against Dagenham & Redbridge in the 1–1 draw . His fourth and fifth goals came in the same game against Torquay United , with Somma scoring a brace which helped earn a 3–2 win for Lincoln . He had scored five goals in five games during his loan spell , and thus became Lincolns top goal scorer for the entire season . On 23 March 2010 , City extended the loan of Somma until the end of the season . Somma scored a brace against Bournemouth taking his tally to seven goals in nine games for Lincoln . Later he scored his eighth of the season against Bury to secure Lincolns survival in League Two for another year . Somma then made it nine goals in 13 matches scoring Lincolns only goal in a 3–1 defeat away at Aldershot Town . He was given a red card for violent conduct in his final game for Lincoln City . After the match , his loan spell expired and he ended the season as Lincolns top goal scorer with nine goals . He also came third in Lincolns player of the season awards . Manager Chris Sutton said after Sommas loan spell that he would love to bring Somma back to the club on a permanent deal if he was not in Leeds first team plans . Return to Leeds United . 2010–11 season . Somma returned to Leeds United after his spell at Lincoln ended . Despite Sommas missing the first three competitive games of the season after his red card for Lincoln in the last game of the 2009–10 season , Simon Grayson has said Somma is part of his plans and will not be going out on loan for the 2010–11 season . Following his suspension , Somma was available to return to the Leeds side against Millwall , and duly scored twice on his league debut after coming on as a 75th-minute substitute , as Leeds won 3–1 . Somma claimed after his debut that he could replace Jermaine Beckford and score the goals the departed hitman previously scored for Leeds . He came into the starting line-up for the following match against Leicester City in the League Cup , scoring his third goal in two games . In his fourth game of the season , he scored his fourth goal of the season in the 5–2 defeat against Barnsley , with Somma scoring a late consolation goal for Leeds . Sommas first league start for Leeds came in the match against Doncaster Rovers , Somma received the man of the match award after putting in an impressive performance where he hit the crossbar and also had a goal ruled out for offside . Somma scored his fifth and sixth goals of the season against Preston North End . He scored his seventh goal of the season with a left footed volley against Middlesbrough . In November 2010 , Somma entered contract negotiations with Leeds over extending his contract , signing a three-year deal on 9 November . In December 2010 , after reports circulated in South Africa that Somma had joined Swansea City on loan , Leeds denied the story and said that it was totally incorrect . After a spell out of the side , Somma came on as a substitute on 8 January against Arsenal . Leeds were 1–0 up when Robert Snodgrass scored a second half penalty , Arsenal equalised in the 90th minute when Cesc Fàbregas scored a penalty . He came on as a second-half substitute against Scunthorpe United and scored his eighth goal of the season for Leeds . Seconds after coming on against Arsenal in the FA Cup replay , Somma nearly scored but instead put his shot wide of the goal . Somma scored his ninth goal of the season with his first touch of the ball after coming on as a substitute against Portsmouth . On 1 February , Somma made his first start since the 8 November and marked it with his 10th goal of the season against Hull City . Somma scored his 11th goal of the season against Coventry City . Somma continued his reputation as a super-sub when he scored his 12th goal of the season with his first touch versus Norwich City . The phonetic similarities between his surname Somma and the season Summer have led to the popular terrace chant parody of the Mungo Jerry song In the Summertime , which must be sung upon the very sight of the player on or off the field . 2011–12 season . On 15 July 2011 , Somma revealed via his Twitter page that he had torn his anterior cruciate ligaments during pre-season training and would be out for at least six months . After Somma revealed via Twitter the severity of his injury , manager Simon Grayson banned all Leeds United players Twitter accounts . Somma returned to light training during mid-December , stepping up his recovery from his cruciate ligament injury , meaning the players recovery was well in front of schedule . 2012–13 season . Leeds manager Neil Warnock said on 3 May that he hoped that Somma could return from injury during the 2012 pre-season and that he was looking forward to working with him upon his long-awaited return . Somma returned to light training for Leeds during September , It was revealed that Leeds were also looking to get Somma back playing reserve team matches to gain fitness from October onwards in the hope of him returning to the first team . Somma was set to play for Leeds Under 21 Development Squad in December , however his playing comeback was delayed when two matches were postponed due to adverse weather conditions . Somma was named in a Leeds United squad for the first time since the final day of the 2010–11 season when he was named on the bench for the League Cup tie against Chelsea on 19 December 2012 . Somma was also allocated the number 28 shirt for the season . Somma made his first team return as a second-half substitute in Leeds 2-1 victory against Middlesbrough on 22 December . Somma scored his first goal in only his second comeback appearance with a consolation goal in a 4-2 loss against Nottingham Forest on 26 December . Somma suffered a setback from his knee injury in February 2013 , with manager Neil Warnock revealing Somma had come back too quickly and that he would scale down his training . Somma returned to full training in April 2013 , and revealed that he would be available to take part in Leeds final 5 games of the season under new manager Brian McDermott . Somma returned to the Leeds team in Brian McDermotts first game in charge when he was named on the bench on 13 April against Sheffield Wednesday . Somma made his playing return as a substitute against Burnley F.C. , however his return was short lived when it was revealed Somma had damaged his knee cartilage and required an operation . The latest setback put Sommas future at the club in doubt with his contract set to expire in June . Following the expiry of Sommas contract in the summer of 2013 , the South African was released from Leeds , however he was due to return to the club for pre-season training with the aim of proving his fitness and earning a new contract , however Somma decided against returning . Post Leeds . After being without a club since leaving Leeds and almost unofficially retired from playing , Somma became a Junior Coach at Long Island United . In February 2017 , Somma tried to make a playing comeback when he and Striker Robbie Findley had a trial at MLS club New York Red Bulls , however both were unsuccessful with the trial and left the club on 15 February 2017 . International . Somma was eligible to play for his home country South Africa and Italy due to his heritage . Somma also expressed desire to play for USA but was not yet eligible . However ex-Leeds captain Lucas Radebe confirmed that Somma told him he wanted to play for South Africa ( Bafana Bafana ) . In October 2010 , new South Africa manager , Pitso Mosimane singled out Somma for special praise after impressing at Leeds United . Mosimane said ; We have good players playing in Europe and we have other players that we havent called up . There is a striker who is constantly scoring goals , Davide Somma . He is busy scoring and Im monitoring that . Im monitoring whether he can add value to our team… it is not because he plays overseas after mentioning a planned trip to Europe to take a closer look at some of these players . Mosimane claimed in November 2010 , that Somma might be called up for Bafana Bafanas friendly against USA on 17 November , in Cape Town On 10 November , Somma was named in South Africas squad for the first time for the friendly against USA . He responded to the opportunity by saying , I want to score goals , that is what feels good for me . I want to destroy them ( the USA ) . . . . I wanted to play for them , but nothing ever happened so I just want to do it against them tomorrow . On 17 November 2010 , Somma made his debut for Bafana Bafana against USA , wearing the number 19 shirt . South Africa lost the game 1–0 , with man of the match Brad Guzan keeping a clean sheet for the US . Somma was kept relatively quiet , although he provided a through ball in the first half to create one of South Africas best chances of the match . Somma was substituted early in the second half . 9 February 2011 , Somma scored his first international goal against Kenya in only his second cap for South Africa . 21 March Somma was called up to the South Africa squad to face Egypt , however he was an unused substitute . In May 2011 , South Africa legend Lucas Radebe said he believed that Somma could be the next Benni McCarthy for South Africa . 5 June Somma came on as a late substitute against Egypt to earn his 3rd cap in a 0–0 draw between the two countries . Honours . Club . Leeds United - League One runners up ( promoted ) : 2009–10 Individual . - Inducted into the NJCAA Mens Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011 External links . - MLSnet Profile - Davide Sommas Ex-File Page

easy

Davide Somma played for which team in 2011?

/wiki/Davide_Somma#P54#6

Davide Somma Davide Enrico Somma ( born 26 March 1985 ) is a South African former footballer who played as a striker . He played for the South Africa national team as a striker and his most notable spell was at Leeds United . In November 2010 Somma made his debut for the South Africa national side against United States . He now works as a Junior Coach for Long Island United . Career . Youth and college . Born in Johannesburg , South Africa , Somma started playing football at the age of five for the Edenvale Football Club in his native Johannesburg . After moving to the United States with his family when he was 12 , he attended Riverview High School in Sarasota , Florida , and played club soccer with the Sarasota Storm and St . Pete Raiders . He played one year of college soccer at Tyler Junior College in 2004 , scoring 13 goals and registering nine assists , and being named to the National Junior College Athletic Association ( NJCAA ) Region XIV first team . After one season with Tyler , Somma enrolled at Edukick ( great camp ) , an international soccer school program , and joined the youth system of the Spanish team Logroñés , his Italian passport giving him the opportunity to pursue a career in Europe . Professional . Italy . Somma signed a four-year contract with Italian Serie A club Perugia in 2004 . However , Somma never played a game for the team as Perugias president bankrupted the club and it folded six months later . Somma transferred to Pro Vasto , and played 39 games for the team between 2005 and 2007 . He later played for Olbia before returning to the United States in 2008 . Major League Soccer . Somma signed a developmental contract with the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer in September 2008 along with Michael Ghebru and made three regular season appearances for the club during the 2008 season , in addition to five reserve team appearances in which he notched two goals and three assists . In December 2008 he joined the Generation Adidas team in London for a three-game tour of England and scored two goals for the squad as they faced the reserve teams of Reading , Chelsea , and West Ham United . In February 2009 , Somma signed a senior contract with the San Jose Earthquakes , but was placed on waivers on 26 May . Whilst at San Jose , he was a teammate of former Leeds United player Darren Huckerby , who encouraged Somma to find a new club in England . Leeds United . In July 2009 , Somma took part in a trial with Queens Park Rangers and played in a pre-season fixture as a winger . After his trial at QPR , Somma took part in a trial at Leeds United , and earned an extended spell at the club . He scored in a pre-season friendly against Newport County and also scored in friendlies against Newcastle United and Hull City , and signed a permanent contract with the club in September 2009 on a one-year deal , with an option in the clubs favour to extend the contract for a further season . In signing for Leeds , Somma became the fifth South African to play for Leeds following Gerry Francis , Albert Johanneson , Lucas Radebe and Phil Masinga . In an LUTV interview , Somma said that , due to his Italian heritage , he and teammate Mike Grella can speak to each other in Italian . Somma made his debut for Leeds in a reserve game against Rotherham United , and marked the game by scoring two goals . Somma was named in the Leeds squad for the Football League Trophy game against Darlington , and made his debut when he came on as a second-half substitute . His debut ended prematurely when he suffered a hamstring injury , which meant Leeds had to play the rest of the game with 10 men having used all their substitutions . After working his way back from injury and scoring regularly in the reserves , Somma returned to the Leeds first team squad when he was named as a substitute for a game against Leyton Orient on 23 November 2009 . On 26 November , Somma joined Chesterfield on loan until January 2010 . Somma was given squad number 32 , and made his Football League debut for the team on 2 December , starting a game against Crewe Alexandra . Somma had a penalty saved by Crewe goalkeeper Steve Phillips on his debut . Somma missed a number of Chesterfields games through injury . After Sommas one-month loan spell expired on 5 January 2010 , he returned to Leeds . He immediately returned to a Leeds first team squad when he was named on the bench in the FA Cup replay against Tottenham Hotspur . After impressing whilst out on loan to Lincoln , Somma was handed a new one-year extension to his contract at Leeds . Lincoln City loan . On 25 February 2010 , Somma joined Chris Suttons Lincoln City on a months loan to gain some more first -team experience and scored on his debut against Crewe Alexandra two days later . His second goal came against Hereford United . Sommas third goal came against Dagenham & Redbridge in the 1–1 draw . His fourth and fifth goals came in the same game against Torquay United , with Somma scoring a brace which helped earn a 3–2 win for Lincoln . He had scored five goals in five games during his loan spell , and thus became Lincolns top goal scorer for the entire season . On 23 March 2010 , City extended the loan of Somma until the end of the season . Somma scored a brace against Bournemouth taking his tally to seven goals in nine games for Lincoln . Later he scored his eighth of the season against Bury to secure Lincolns survival in League Two for another year . Somma then made it nine goals in 13 matches scoring Lincolns only goal in a 3–1 defeat away at Aldershot Town . He was given a red card for violent conduct in his final game for Lincoln City . After the match , his loan spell expired and he ended the season as Lincolns top goal scorer with nine goals . He also came third in Lincolns player of the season awards . Manager Chris Sutton said after Sommas loan spell that he would love to bring Somma back to the club on a permanent deal if he was not in Leeds first team plans . Return to Leeds United . 2010–11 season . Somma returned to Leeds United after his spell at Lincoln ended . Despite Sommas missing the first three competitive games of the season after his red card for Lincoln in the last game of the 2009–10 season , Simon Grayson has said Somma is part of his plans and will not be going out on loan for the 2010–11 season . Following his suspension , Somma was available to return to the Leeds side against Millwall , and duly scored twice on his league debut after coming on as a 75th-minute substitute , as Leeds won 3–1 . Somma claimed after his debut that he could replace Jermaine Beckford and score the goals the departed hitman previously scored for Leeds . He came into the starting line-up for the following match against Leicester City in the League Cup , scoring his third goal in two games . In his fourth game of the season , he scored his fourth goal of the season in the 5–2 defeat against Barnsley , with Somma scoring a late consolation goal for Leeds . Sommas first league start for Leeds came in the match against Doncaster Rovers , Somma received the man of the match award after putting in an impressive performance where he hit the crossbar and also had a goal ruled out for offside . Somma scored his fifth and sixth goals of the season against Preston North End . He scored his seventh goal of the season with a left footed volley against Middlesbrough . In November 2010 , Somma entered contract negotiations with Leeds over extending his contract , signing a three-year deal on 9 November . In December 2010 , after reports circulated in South Africa that Somma had joined Swansea City on loan , Leeds denied the story and said that it was totally incorrect . After a spell out of the side , Somma came on as a substitute on 8 January against Arsenal . Leeds were 1–0 up when Robert Snodgrass scored a second half penalty , Arsenal equalised in the 90th minute when Cesc Fàbregas scored a penalty . He came on as a second-half substitute against Scunthorpe United and scored his eighth goal of the season for Leeds . Seconds after coming on against Arsenal in the FA Cup replay , Somma nearly scored but instead put his shot wide of the goal . Somma scored his ninth goal of the season with his first touch of the ball after coming on as a substitute against Portsmouth . On 1 February , Somma made his first start since the 8 November and marked it with his 10th goal of the season against Hull City . Somma scored his 11th goal of the season against Coventry City . Somma continued his reputation as a super-sub when he scored his 12th goal of the season with his first touch versus Norwich City . The phonetic similarities between his surname Somma and the season Summer have led to the popular terrace chant parody of the Mungo Jerry song In the Summertime , which must be sung upon the very sight of the player on or off the field . 2011–12 season . On 15 July 2011 , Somma revealed via his Twitter page that he had torn his anterior cruciate ligaments during pre-season training and would be out for at least six months . After Somma revealed via Twitter the severity of his injury , manager Simon Grayson banned all Leeds United players Twitter accounts . Somma returned to light training during mid-December , stepping up his recovery from his cruciate ligament injury , meaning the players recovery was well in front of schedule . 2012–13 season . Leeds manager Neil Warnock said on 3 May that he hoped that Somma could return from injury during the 2012 pre-season and that he was looking forward to working with him upon his long-awaited return . Somma returned to light training for Leeds during September , It was revealed that Leeds were also looking to get Somma back playing reserve team matches to gain fitness from October onwards in the hope of him returning to the first team . Somma was set to play for Leeds Under 21 Development Squad in December , however his playing comeback was delayed when two matches were postponed due to adverse weather conditions . Somma was named in a Leeds United squad for the first time since the final day of the 2010–11 season when he was named on the bench for the League Cup tie against Chelsea on 19 December 2012 . Somma was also allocated the number 28 shirt for the season . Somma made his first team return as a second-half substitute in Leeds 2-1 victory against Middlesbrough on 22 December . Somma scored his first goal in only his second comeback appearance with a consolation goal in a 4-2 loss against Nottingham Forest on 26 December . Somma suffered a setback from his knee injury in February 2013 , with manager Neil Warnock revealing Somma had come back too quickly and that he would scale down his training . Somma returned to full training in April 2013 , and revealed that he would be available to take part in Leeds final 5 games of the season under new manager Brian McDermott . Somma returned to the Leeds team in Brian McDermotts first game in charge when he was named on the bench on 13 April against Sheffield Wednesday . Somma made his playing return as a substitute against Burnley F.C. , however his return was short lived when it was revealed Somma had damaged his knee cartilage and required an operation . The latest setback put Sommas future at the club in doubt with his contract set to expire in June . Following the expiry of Sommas contract in the summer of 2013 , the South African was released from Leeds , however he was due to return to the club for pre-season training with the aim of proving his fitness and earning a new contract , however Somma decided against returning . Post Leeds . After being without a club since leaving Leeds and almost unofficially retired from playing , Somma became a Junior Coach at Long Island United . In February 2017 , Somma tried to make a playing comeback when he and Striker Robbie Findley had a trial at MLS club New York Red Bulls , however both were unsuccessful with the trial and left the club on 15 February 2017 . International . Somma was eligible to play for his home country South Africa and Italy due to his heritage . Somma also expressed desire to play for USA but was not yet eligible . However ex-Leeds captain Lucas Radebe confirmed that Somma told him he wanted to play for South Africa ( Bafana Bafana ) . In October 2010 , new South Africa manager , Pitso Mosimane singled out Somma for special praise after impressing at Leeds United . Mosimane said ; We have good players playing in Europe and we have other players that we havent called up . There is a striker who is constantly scoring goals , Davide Somma . He is busy scoring and Im monitoring that . Im monitoring whether he can add value to our team… it is not because he plays overseas after mentioning a planned trip to Europe to take a closer look at some of these players . Mosimane claimed in November 2010 , that Somma might be called up for Bafana Bafanas friendly against USA on 17 November , in Cape Town On 10 November , Somma was named in South Africas squad for the first time for the friendly against USA . He responded to the opportunity by saying , I want to score goals , that is what feels good for me . I want to destroy them ( the USA ) . . . . I wanted to play for them , but nothing ever happened so I just want to do it against them tomorrow . On 17 November 2010 , Somma made his debut for Bafana Bafana against USA , wearing the number 19 shirt . South Africa lost the game 1–0 , with man of the match Brad Guzan keeping a clean sheet for the US . Somma was kept relatively quiet , although he provided a through ball in the first half to create one of South Africas best chances of the match . Somma was substituted early in the second half . 9 February 2011 , Somma scored his first international goal against Kenya in only his second cap for South Africa . 21 March Somma was called up to the South Africa squad to face Egypt , however he was an unused substitute . In May 2011 , South Africa legend Lucas Radebe said he believed that Somma could be the next Benni McCarthy for South Africa . 5 June Somma came on as a late substitute against Egypt to earn his 3rd cap in a 0–0 draw between the two countries . Honours . Club . Leeds United - League One runners up ( promoted ) : 2009–10 Individual . - Inducted into the NJCAA Mens Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011 External links . - MLSnet Profile - Davide Sommas Ex-File Page

easy

Which political party did Wilhelm Külz belong to from 1918 to 1945?

/wiki/Wilhelm_Külz#P102#0

Wilhelm Külz Wilhelm Külz ( 18 February 1875 – 10 April 1948 ) was a German liberal politician of the National Liberal Party , the German Democratic Party ( DDP ) and later the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany ( LDPD ) . He held public office both in the German Empire and in the Weimar Republic . In 1926 , he served as interior minister of Germany in the cabinets of chancellors Hans Luther and Wilhelm Marx . Early life . Külz was born on 18 February 1875 at Borna near Leipzig in the Kingdom of Saxony . He was the son of Otto Külz ( 1839–1921 ) , a Protestant priest , and his wife Anna ( 1849–1914 , née Paschasius ) . He had a sister , Käthe ( 1878–1924 ) and a twin brother , Ludwig ( 1875–1938 ) . From a conservative family , Wilhelm studied law at the University of Leipzig . He then served in the military ( as Reserveleutnant ) . Külz married Erna Freymond ( 1881–1963 ) in 1901 . They had one son , Helmut . Also in 1901 , he was awarded a doctorate at the Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät of the University of Tübingen with a thesis on the peacetime strength of the army . He then joined the civil service , working at various courts and as city councillor at Leipzig , Hainichen , Zittau and Meerane . In 1904 , he became mayor of Bückeburg and president of the Landtag of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe . As an expert in administration , the Reichskolonialamt ( the Imperial ministry for the colonies ) made him Reichskommissar of the colony German South-West Africa , where he worked on establishing self-government in 1907 to 1908 . After returning to Bückeburg , Külz was a Reichstag candidate for the National Liberals in 1912 but was not elected . The same year , he was elected Oberbürgermeister ( mayor ) of Zittau , an office that he held until 1923 . During World War I , Külz served as Hauptmann ( captain ) and Kompanieführer . Weimar Republic . In 1919 , he joined the German Democratic Party ( DDP ) , which he represented first in the Weimar National Assembly and then from 1922 to 1932 in the Reichstag . In 1923 , he was elected as 2 . Bürgermeister of Dresden . In 1926 to 1927 , Külz served as Reichsminister des Innern ( interior minister ) in the second cabinet of Hans Luther and the third cabinet of Wilhelm Marx . Elected as Oberbürgermeister ( mayor ) of Dresden in 1931 , Külz was removed from office by the Reichskommissar for Saxony in March 1933 , after he had refused to hoist a flag with the Nazi swastika over city hall . Until 1945 , he was active as a private entrepreneur . Postwar . After 1945 , he took a leading role in establishing the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany ( LDPD ) . He founded the Berlin branch of the LDPD in the summer of 1945 and acted as LDPD chairman from November 1945 after the first leader , Waldemar Koch , had been deposed by Soviet orders . On 17 March 1947 , in a conference in Rothenburg ob der Tauber Külz and Theodor Heuss were elected co-chairmen of the planned Democratic Party of Germany ( DPD ) , aimed at uniting liberals of both the Soviet and the Western occupation zones . The plans were never realised since Wilhelm Külz , unlike the East German CDU leader , Jakob Kaiser , participated in SED-dominated Deutscher Volkskongress ( German Peoples Congress for Unity and True Peace ) that took place on 6 December 1947 . That brought about internal confrontations both within the LDPD as well as between the East and West German partners in the DPD . Although the LDPD leadership criticised that participation , it was unable to take any further steps demanded by the West German liberals . During a session of the united leadership of the DPD that took place on 18 January 1948 and Külz refused to attend , Heuss argued that the Liberal Democrats unwillingness to take any measures against Külz proved their commitment to the Russian conception of German unity . Arthur Lieutenant , the spokesman of the LDPD on the matter , declared that under those circumstances and considering reproaches laid against East German liberals , no further co-operation was possible . That was in fact the end of DPD . Together with Otto Nuschke ( CDU ) and Wilhelm Pieck ( SED ) , Wilhelm Külz led the German Peoples Council ( Deutscher Volksrat ) , forerunner of Volkskammer of GDR . From 1945 on , Külz was the publisher of the LDPD daily Der Morgen . In March 1948 , Külz once again was the representative of the LDPD at the Deutscher Volkskongress , organized at the behest of the Soviet authorities and the SED . On the morning of 10 April 1948 , Külz was found by his party deputy , Arthur Lieutenant , to have died in the night at his Berlin apartment , apparently from a heart attack . Legacy . Although he was mostly unknown in West Germany and still is in Germany , Külz was viewed in East Germany as a prime example of a bourgeois but upright citizen who found his way to socialism . He was seen as one of the founding fathers of East Germany . Wilhelm-Külz-Stiftung , a foundation close to the Free Democratic Party , is named after him . External links . - Wilhelm Külz Stiftung

easy

Which political party did Wilhelm Külz belong to from 1945 to 1946?

/wiki/Wilhelm_Külz#P102#1

Wilhelm Külz Wilhelm Külz ( 18 February 1875 – 10 April 1948 ) was a German liberal politician of the National Liberal Party , the German Democratic Party ( DDP ) and later the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany ( LDPD ) . He held public office both in the German Empire and in the Weimar Republic . In 1926 , he served as interior minister of Germany in the cabinets of chancellors Hans Luther and Wilhelm Marx . Early life . Külz was born on 18 February 1875 at Borna near Leipzig in the Kingdom of Saxony . He was the son of Otto Külz ( 1839–1921 ) , a Protestant priest , and his wife Anna ( 1849–1914 , née Paschasius ) . He had a sister , Käthe ( 1878–1924 ) and a twin brother , Ludwig ( 1875–1938 ) . From a conservative family , Wilhelm studied law at the University of Leipzig . He then served in the military ( as Reserveleutnant ) . Külz married Erna Freymond ( 1881–1963 ) in 1901 . They had one son , Helmut . Also in 1901 , he was awarded a doctorate at the Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät of the University of Tübingen with a thesis on the peacetime strength of the army . He then joined the civil service , working at various courts and as city councillor at Leipzig , Hainichen , Zittau and Meerane . In 1904 , he became mayor of Bückeburg and president of the Landtag of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe . As an expert in administration , the Reichskolonialamt ( the Imperial ministry for the colonies ) made him Reichskommissar of the colony German South-West Africa , where he worked on establishing self-government in 1907 to 1908 . After returning to Bückeburg , Külz was a Reichstag candidate for the National Liberals in 1912 but was not elected . The same year , he was elected Oberbürgermeister ( mayor ) of Zittau , an office that he held until 1923 . During World War I , Külz served as Hauptmann ( captain ) and Kompanieführer . Weimar Republic . In 1919 , he joined the German Democratic Party ( DDP ) , which he represented first in the Weimar National Assembly and then from 1922 to 1932 in the Reichstag . In 1923 , he was elected as 2 . Bürgermeister of Dresden . In 1926 to 1927 , Külz served as Reichsminister des Innern ( interior minister ) in the second cabinet of Hans Luther and the third cabinet of Wilhelm Marx . Elected as Oberbürgermeister ( mayor ) of Dresden in 1931 , Külz was removed from office by the Reichskommissar for Saxony in March 1933 , after he had refused to hoist a flag with the Nazi swastika over city hall . Until 1945 , he was active as a private entrepreneur . Postwar . After 1945 , he took a leading role in establishing the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany ( LDPD ) . He founded the Berlin branch of the LDPD in the summer of 1945 and acted as LDPD chairman from November 1945 after the first leader , Waldemar Koch , had been deposed by Soviet orders . On 17 March 1947 , in a conference in Rothenburg ob der Tauber Külz and Theodor Heuss were elected co-chairmen of the planned Democratic Party of Germany ( DPD ) , aimed at uniting liberals of both the Soviet and the Western occupation zones . The plans were never realised since Wilhelm Külz , unlike the East German CDU leader , Jakob Kaiser , participated in SED-dominated Deutscher Volkskongress ( German Peoples Congress for Unity and True Peace ) that took place on 6 December 1947 . That brought about internal confrontations both within the LDPD as well as between the East and West German partners in the DPD . Although the LDPD leadership criticised that participation , it was unable to take any further steps demanded by the West German liberals . During a session of the united leadership of the DPD that took place on 18 January 1948 and Külz refused to attend , Heuss argued that the Liberal Democrats unwillingness to take any measures against Külz proved their commitment to the Russian conception of German unity . Arthur Lieutenant , the spokesman of the LDPD on the matter , declared that under those circumstances and considering reproaches laid against East German liberals , no further co-operation was possible . That was in fact the end of DPD . Together with Otto Nuschke ( CDU ) and Wilhelm Pieck ( SED ) , Wilhelm Külz led the German Peoples Council ( Deutscher Volksrat ) , forerunner of Volkskammer of GDR . From 1945 on , Külz was the publisher of the LDPD daily Der Morgen . In March 1948 , Külz once again was the representative of the LDPD at the Deutscher Volkskongress , organized at the behest of the Soviet authorities and the SED . On the morning of 10 April 1948 , Külz was found by his party deputy , Arthur Lieutenant , to have died in the night at his Berlin apartment , apparently from a heart attack . Legacy . Although he was mostly unknown in West Germany and still is in Germany , Külz was viewed in East Germany as a prime example of a bourgeois but upright citizen who found his way to socialism . He was seen as one of the founding fathers of East Germany . Wilhelm-Külz-Stiftung , a foundation close to the Free Democratic Party , is named after him . External links . - Wilhelm Külz Stiftung

easy

Ray Dolby went to which school from 1950 to 1951?

/wiki/Ray_Dolby#P69#0

Ray Dolby Ray Milton Dolby ( ; January 18 , 1933 – September 12 , 2013 ) was an American engineer and inventor of the noise reduction system known as Dolby NR . He helped develop the video tape recorder while at Ampex and was the founder of Dolby Laboratories . Early life and education . Dolby was born in Portland , Oregon , the son of Esther Eufemia ( née Strand ) and Earl Milton Dolby , an inventor . He attended Sequoia High School ( class of 1951 ) in Redwood City , California . As a teenager in the decade following World War II , he held part-time and summer jobs at Ampex in Redwood City , working with their first audio tape recorder in 1949 . While at San Jose State College and later at Stanford University ( interrupted by two years of Army service ) , he worked on early prototypes of video tape recorder technologies for Alexander M . Poniatoff and Charlie Ginsburg . In 1957 , Dolby received his B.S . in electrical engineering from Stanford . He subsequently won a Marshall Scholarship for a Ph.D ( 1961 ) in physics from the University of Cambridge , where he was a Research Fellow at Pembroke College . Career . As a non degree-holding consultant , Dolby played a key role in the effort that led Ampex to unveil their prototype Quadruplex videotape recorder in April 1956 which soon entered production . After Cambridge , Dolby acted as a technical advisor to the United Nations in India until 1965 , when he returned to England , where he founded Dolby Laboratories in London with a staff of four . In that same year , 1965 , he officially invented the Dolby noise-reduction system , a form of audio signal processing for analog tape recorders . His first U.S . patent was not filed until 1969 , four years later . The system was first used by Decca Records in the UK . The Dolby B consumer noise-reduction system works by compressing and increasing the volume of low-level high-frequency sounds during recording and correspondingly reversing the process during playback . This high-frequency round turn reduces the audible level of tape hiss . The professional Type A system operates on four different frequency bands , and the final SR system on ten . After his pioneering work with noise reduction Dolby sought to improve film sound . As Dolby Laboratories corporate history explains : The first film with Dolby sound was A Clockwork Orange ( 1971 ) , which used Dolby noise reduction on all pre-mixes and masters , but a conventional optical sound track on release prints . Callan ( 1974 ) was the first film with a Dolby-encoded optical soundtrack . The first true LCRS ( Left-Center-Right-Surround ) soundtrack was encoded on the movie A Star Is Born in 1976 . In fewer than ten years , 6,000 cinemas worldwide were equipped to use Dolby Stereo sound . Dolby then developed a digital surround sound compression scheme for the cinema . Dolby Stereo Digital ( now simply called Dolby Digital ) was first featured on the 1992 film Batman Returns . Dolby Digital is now found in the HDTV ( ATSC ) standard of the United States , DVD players , and many satellite-TV and cable-TV receivers . Dolby was a Fellow and past president of the Audio Engineering Society . Death . Dolby died of leukemia on September 12 , 2013 , at his home in San Francisco at the age of 80 . Dolby was survived by his wife Dagmar , two sons , Tom and David , and four grandchildren . Kevin Yeaman , president and chief executive of Dolby Laboratories , said Today we lost a friend , mentor and true visionary . Neil Portnow , president of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences , said Dolby had changed the way we listen to music and movies for nearly 50 years and that Dolbys technologies have become an essential part of the creative process for recording artists and filmmakers , ensuring his remarkable legacy for generations to come . In his will , Dolby bequeathed £35 million to Pembroke College , Cambridge , the largest single donation received by the Universitys fundraising campaign launched in October 2015 . In December 2017 it was announced that his family has donated a further £85m from his estate to Cambridge Universitys Cavendish Laboratory and a new Ray Dolby Center will be established in 2022 . Awards and honors . - 1971 — AES Silver Medal - 1979 — 51st Academy Awards — Academy Award , Scientific or Technical ( Scientific and Engineering Award ) [ plaque ] - 1983 — SMPTE Progress Medal For his contributions to theater sound and his continuing work in noise reduction and quality improvements in audio and video systems and as a prime inventor of the videotape recorder - 1985 — SMPTE Alexander M . Poniatoff Gold Medal - 1986 — honorary Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) - 1988 — Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation - 1989 — 61st Academy Awards — Academy Award , Scientific or Technical ( Academy Award of Merit ) [ statuette ] - 1989 — Emmy Award by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( NATAS ) - 1992 — AES Gold Medal - 1995 — Special Merit/Technical Grammy Award - 1997 — U.S . National Medal of Technology - 1997 — IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award - 1999 — honorary Doctor degree by the University of York - 2000 — honorary Doctor of Science degree from Cambridge University - 2003 — Charles F . Jenkins Lifetime Achievement Award by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences - 2004 — inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and the Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame - 2010 — IEEE Edison Medal - 2012 — Berlin International Film Festival Berlinale Kamera - 2014 — Induction into the Television Hall of Fame - 2015 — Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame U.S . patents . - , Signal compressor , filed 1969 . External links . - 2004 Interview With Dolby - Group photo of the Ampex VTR team including Ray Dolby

easy

Which school did Ray Dolby go to from 1951 to 1961?

/wiki/Ray_Dolby#P69#1

Ray Dolby Ray Milton Dolby ( ; January 18 , 1933 – September 12 , 2013 ) was an American engineer and inventor of the noise reduction system known as Dolby NR . He helped develop the video tape recorder while at Ampex and was the founder of Dolby Laboratories . Early life and education . Dolby was born in Portland , Oregon , the son of Esther Eufemia ( née Strand ) and Earl Milton Dolby , an inventor . He attended Sequoia High School ( class of 1951 ) in Redwood City , California . As a teenager in the decade following World War II , he held part-time and summer jobs at Ampex in Redwood City , working with their first audio tape recorder in 1949 . While at San Jose State College and later at Stanford University ( interrupted by two years of Army service ) , he worked on early prototypes of video tape recorder technologies for Alexander M . Poniatoff and Charlie Ginsburg . In 1957 , Dolby received his B.S . in electrical engineering from Stanford . He subsequently won a Marshall Scholarship for a Ph.D ( 1961 ) in physics from the University of Cambridge , where he was a Research Fellow at Pembroke College . Career . As a non degree-holding consultant , Dolby played a key role in the effort that led Ampex to unveil their prototype Quadruplex videotape recorder in April 1956 which soon entered production . After Cambridge , Dolby acted as a technical advisor to the United Nations in India until 1965 , when he returned to England , where he founded Dolby Laboratories in London with a staff of four . In that same year , 1965 , he officially invented the Dolby noise-reduction system , a form of audio signal processing for analog tape recorders . His first U.S . patent was not filed until 1969 , four years later . The system was first used by Decca Records in the UK . The Dolby B consumer noise-reduction system works by compressing and increasing the volume of low-level high-frequency sounds during recording and correspondingly reversing the process during playback . This high-frequency round turn reduces the audible level of tape hiss . The professional Type A system operates on four different frequency bands , and the final SR system on ten . After his pioneering work with noise reduction Dolby sought to improve film sound . As Dolby Laboratories corporate history explains : The first film with Dolby sound was A Clockwork Orange ( 1971 ) , which used Dolby noise reduction on all pre-mixes and masters , but a conventional optical sound track on release prints . Callan ( 1974 ) was the first film with a Dolby-encoded optical soundtrack . The first true LCRS ( Left-Center-Right-Surround ) soundtrack was encoded on the movie A Star Is Born in 1976 . In fewer than ten years , 6,000 cinemas worldwide were equipped to use Dolby Stereo sound . Dolby then developed a digital surround sound compression scheme for the cinema . Dolby Stereo Digital ( now simply called Dolby Digital ) was first featured on the 1992 film Batman Returns . Dolby Digital is now found in the HDTV ( ATSC ) standard of the United States , DVD players , and many satellite-TV and cable-TV receivers . Dolby was a Fellow and past president of the Audio Engineering Society . Death . Dolby died of leukemia on September 12 , 2013 , at his home in San Francisco at the age of 80 . Dolby was survived by his wife Dagmar , two sons , Tom and David , and four grandchildren . Kevin Yeaman , president and chief executive of Dolby Laboratories , said Today we lost a friend , mentor and true visionary . Neil Portnow , president of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences , said Dolby had changed the way we listen to music and movies for nearly 50 years and that Dolbys technologies have become an essential part of the creative process for recording artists and filmmakers , ensuring his remarkable legacy for generations to come . In his will , Dolby bequeathed £35 million to Pembroke College , Cambridge , the largest single donation received by the Universitys fundraising campaign launched in October 2015 . In December 2017 it was announced that his family has donated a further £85m from his estate to Cambridge Universitys Cavendish Laboratory and a new Ray Dolby Center will be established in 2022 . Awards and honors . - 1971 — AES Silver Medal - 1979 — 51st Academy Awards — Academy Award , Scientific or Technical ( Scientific and Engineering Award ) [ plaque ] - 1983 — SMPTE Progress Medal For his contributions to theater sound and his continuing work in noise reduction and quality improvements in audio and video systems and as a prime inventor of the videotape recorder - 1985 — SMPTE Alexander M . Poniatoff Gold Medal - 1986 — honorary Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) - 1988 — Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation - 1989 — 61st Academy Awards — Academy Award , Scientific or Technical ( Academy Award of Merit ) [ statuette ] - 1989 — Emmy Award by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( NATAS ) - 1992 — AES Gold Medal - 1995 — Special Merit/Technical Grammy Award - 1997 — U.S . National Medal of Technology - 1997 — IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award - 1999 — honorary Doctor degree by the University of York - 2000 — honorary Doctor of Science degree from Cambridge University - 2003 — Charles F . Jenkins Lifetime Achievement Award by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences - 2004 — inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and the Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame - 2010 — IEEE Edison Medal - 2012 — Berlin International Film Festival Berlinale Kamera - 2014 — Induction into the Television Hall of Fame - 2015 — Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame U.S . patents . - , Signal compressor , filed 1969 . External links . - 2004 Interview With Dolby - Group photo of the Ampex VTR team including Ray Dolby

easy

Where was Myles Deering educated from 1979 to 1980?

/wiki/Myles_Deering#P69#0

Myles Deering Myles Lynn Deering ( born 1953 ) is a retired Army National Guard major general who served as the adjutant general of Oklahoma . General Deering was appointed by Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry in 2009 following the promotion of Harry M . Wyatt III to the position of director , Air National Guard . On December 10 , 2010 , Governor-elect Mary Fallin announced that she would retain General Deering in his position as adjutant general . As adjutant general , General Deering is the highest-ranking member of the Oklahoma National Guard . He is responsible for managing the affairs of the Oklahoma Military Department and for advising the governor , who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Guard . Additionally , Governor Henry and Governor Fallin both appointed General Deering to serve as the Secretary of the Military in the governors cabinet . Military career . Myles Deering enlisted in the United States Army Reserve in October 1971 . In 1974 , he transferred into the Texas Army National Guard and entered the Officer Candidate School program . He received his commission as a second lieutenant in 1976 in the 36th Infantry Brigade . Lieutenant Deering then transferred to the Oklahoma Army National Guards 45th Infantry Brigade in 1977 . In March 1980 he was promoted to the rank of captain and assumed command of the Combat Support Company , 1st Battalion , 180th Infantry Regiment . By December 1981 , Captain Deering was assigned to the 45th Infantry Brigades headquarters where he served as an intelligence assistant . In 1983 , Deering became the commander of Company C , 1st Battalion , 180th Infantry Regiment based in Holdenville , Oklahoma . In May 1986 , Captain Deering moved to the 700th Support Battalion in Oklahoma City , where he served as that Battalions executive officer . He was promoted to major in February 1988 . After briefly being assigned to the headquarters of the 45th Infantry Brigade , Major Deering returned to the 700th Support Battalion in 1992 and assumed command of that unit with his promotion to lieutenant colonel . In June 1995 , Colonel Deering became the executive officer for the 45th Infantry Brigade . Colonel Deering was selected to serve as the secretary to the General Staff at Headquarters of the Oklahoma National Guard . He would then be assigned to serve as the director of the Human Resources Directorate within the Headquarters . He was promoted to full colonel in July 1999 . Colonel Deering would become the director for plans , operations , and training for the Oklahoma Army National Guard . In that position , Colonel Deering was responsible for all operations and training within the Army Guard . He would next serve as Chief of the Joint Staff for the Joint Force Headquarters in May 2003 . By December 2004 , Colonel Deering was reassigned to 45th Infantry Brigade and assumed command of the entire brigade as a brigadier general ( with promotion in February 2005 ) . Within months of assuming command of the 45th Infantry Brigade , General Deering was deployed to New Orleans as commander of the Oklahoma National Guards Joint Task Force following the devastation of Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita . Upon his arrival , he assumed command over 15,500 Army , National Guard , and Marine personnel providing disaster relief operations and support . In October 2007 , General Deering and the 45th Infantry Brigade were deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom . He served as the commander , Joint Area Support Group – Central for Multi-National Force – Iraq . He returned in November 2008 and was promoted to major general on November 13 , 2008 , with his assignment as director , manpower and personnel ( J-1 ) at the National Guard Bureau in the Pentagon in Washington , D.C. . He was appointed as the Adjutant General of the Oklahoma National Guard in February 2009 . Henry administration . On February 3 , 2009 , Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry appointed General Deering to become the Adjutant General of Oklahoma . In that position , Deering is responsible for the operations and has command over all aspects of the Oklahoma Army and Air National Guard . Fallin administration . On December 10 , 2010 , Governor-elect Mary Fallin announced that she would retain General Deering under her administration in both of his positions as secretary of the military and as adjutant general . Personal life . Deering received a Bachelor of Business Administration in Management from the University of Oklahoma in 1980 . He also received a Master of Science degree in Natural and Applied Sciences from Oklahoma State University in 1996 and a Master of Strategic Studies from the United States Army War College in 2000 . External links . - Official National Guard Bureau biography

easy

Myles Deering went to which school from 1980 to 1996?

/wiki/Myles_Deering#P69#1

Myles Deering Myles Lynn Deering ( born 1953 ) is a retired Army National Guard major general who served as the adjutant general of Oklahoma . General Deering was appointed by Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry in 2009 following the promotion of Harry M . Wyatt III to the position of director , Air National Guard . On December 10 , 2010 , Governor-elect Mary Fallin announced that she would retain General Deering in his position as adjutant general . As adjutant general , General Deering is the highest-ranking member of the Oklahoma National Guard . He is responsible for managing the affairs of the Oklahoma Military Department and for advising the governor , who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Guard . Additionally , Governor Henry and Governor Fallin both appointed General Deering to serve as the Secretary of the Military in the governors cabinet . Military career . Myles Deering enlisted in the United States Army Reserve in October 1971 . In 1974 , he transferred into the Texas Army National Guard and entered the Officer Candidate School program . He received his commission as a second lieutenant in 1976 in the 36th Infantry Brigade . Lieutenant Deering then transferred to the Oklahoma Army National Guards 45th Infantry Brigade in 1977 . In March 1980 he was promoted to the rank of captain and assumed command of the Combat Support Company , 1st Battalion , 180th Infantry Regiment . By December 1981 , Captain Deering was assigned to the 45th Infantry Brigades headquarters where he served as an intelligence assistant . In 1983 , Deering became the commander of Company C , 1st Battalion , 180th Infantry Regiment based in Holdenville , Oklahoma . In May 1986 , Captain Deering moved to the 700th Support Battalion in Oklahoma City , where he served as that Battalions executive officer . He was promoted to major in February 1988 . After briefly being assigned to the headquarters of the 45th Infantry Brigade , Major Deering returned to the 700th Support Battalion in 1992 and assumed command of that unit with his promotion to lieutenant colonel . In June 1995 , Colonel Deering became the executive officer for the 45th Infantry Brigade . Colonel Deering was selected to serve as the secretary to the General Staff at Headquarters of the Oklahoma National Guard . He would then be assigned to serve as the director of the Human Resources Directorate within the Headquarters . He was promoted to full colonel in July 1999 . Colonel Deering would become the director for plans , operations , and training for the Oklahoma Army National Guard . In that position , Colonel Deering was responsible for all operations and training within the Army Guard . He would next serve as Chief of the Joint Staff for the Joint Force Headquarters in May 2003 . By December 2004 , Colonel Deering was reassigned to 45th Infantry Brigade and assumed command of the entire brigade as a brigadier general ( with promotion in February 2005 ) . Within months of assuming command of the 45th Infantry Brigade , General Deering was deployed to New Orleans as commander of the Oklahoma National Guards Joint Task Force following the devastation of Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita . Upon his arrival , he assumed command over 15,500 Army , National Guard , and Marine personnel providing disaster relief operations and support . In October 2007 , General Deering and the 45th Infantry Brigade were deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom . He served as the commander , Joint Area Support Group – Central for Multi-National Force – Iraq . He returned in November 2008 and was promoted to major general on November 13 , 2008 , with his assignment as director , manpower and personnel ( J-1 ) at the National Guard Bureau in the Pentagon in Washington , D.C. . He was appointed as the Adjutant General of the Oklahoma National Guard in February 2009 . Henry administration . On February 3 , 2009 , Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry appointed General Deering to become the Adjutant General of Oklahoma . In that position , Deering is responsible for the operations and has command over all aspects of the Oklahoma Army and Air National Guard . Fallin administration . On December 10 , 2010 , Governor-elect Mary Fallin announced that she would retain General Deering under her administration in both of his positions as secretary of the military and as adjutant general . Personal life . Deering received a Bachelor of Business Administration in Management from the University of Oklahoma in 1980 . He also received a Master of Science degree in Natural and Applied Sciences from Oklahoma State University in 1996 and a Master of Strategic Studies from the United States Army War College in 2000 . External links . - Official National Guard Bureau biography

easy

Which school did Myles Deering go to from 1996 to 2000?

/wiki/Myles_Deering#P69#2

Myles Deering Myles Lynn Deering ( born 1953 ) is a retired Army National Guard major general who served as the adjutant general of Oklahoma . General Deering was appointed by Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry in 2009 following the promotion of Harry M . Wyatt III to the position of director , Air National Guard . On December 10 , 2010 , Governor-elect Mary Fallin announced that she would retain General Deering in his position as adjutant general . As adjutant general , General Deering is the highest-ranking member of the Oklahoma National Guard . He is responsible for managing the affairs of the Oklahoma Military Department and for advising the governor , who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Guard . Additionally , Governor Henry and Governor Fallin both appointed General Deering to serve as the Secretary of the Military in the governors cabinet . Military career . Myles Deering enlisted in the United States Army Reserve in October 1971 . In 1974 , he transferred into the Texas Army National Guard and entered the Officer Candidate School program . He received his commission as a second lieutenant in 1976 in the 36th Infantry Brigade . Lieutenant Deering then transferred to the Oklahoma Army National Guards 45th Infantry Brigade in 1977 . In March 1980 he was promoted to the rank of captain and assumed command of the Combat Support Company , 1st Battalion , 180th Infantry Regiment . By December 1981 , Captain Deering was assigned to the 45th Infantry Brigades headquarters where he served as an intelligence assistant . In 1983 , Deering became the commander of Company C , 1st Battalion , 180th Infantry Regiment based in Holdenville , Oklahoma . In May 1986 , Captain Deering moved to the 700th Support Battalion in Oklahoma City , where he served as that Battalions executive officer . He was promoted to major in February 1988 . After briefly being assigned to the headquarters of the 45th Infantry Brigade , Major Deering returned to the 700th Support Battalion in 1992 and assumed command of that unit with his promotion to lieutenant colonel . In June 1995 , Colonel Deering became the executive officer for the 45th Infantry Brigade . Colonel Deering was selected to serve as the secretary to the General Staff at Headquarters of the Oklahoma National Guard . He would then be assigned to serve as the director of the Human Resources Directorate within the Headquarters . He was promoted to full colonel in July 1999 . Colonel Deering would become the director for plans , operations , and training for the Oklahoma Army National Guard . In that position , Colonel Deering was responsible for all operations and training within the Army Guard . He would next serve as Chief of the Joint Staff for the Joint Force Headquarters in May 2003 . By December 2004 , Colonel Deering was reassigned to 45th Infantry Brigade and assumed command of the entire brigade as a brigadier general ( with promotion in February 2005 ) . Within months of assuming command of the 45th Infantry Brigade , General Deering was deployed to New Orleans as commander of the Oklahoma National Guards Joint Task Force following the devastation of Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita . Upon his arrival , he assumed command over 15,500 Army , National Guard , and Marine personnel providing disaster relief operations and support . In October 2007 , General Deering and the 45th Infantry Brigade were deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom . He served as the commander , Joint Area Support Group – Central for Multi-National Force – Iraq . He returned in November 2008 and was promoted to major general on November 13 , 2008 , with his assignment as director , manpower and personnel ( J-1 ) at the National Guard Bureau in the Pentagon in Washington , D.C. . He was appointed as the Adjutant General of the Oklahoma National Guard in February 2009 . Henry administration . On February 3 , 2009 , Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry appointed General Deering to become the Adjutant General of Oklahoma . In that position , Deering is responsible for the operations and has command over all aspects of the Oklahoma Army and Air National Guard . Fallin administration . On December 10 , 2010 , Governor-elect Mary Fallin announced that she would retain General Deering under her administration in both of his positions as secretary of the military and as adjutant general . Personal life . Deering received a Bachelor of Business Administration in Management from the University of Oklahoma in 1980 . He also received a Master of Science degree in Natural and Applied Sciences from Oklahoma State University in 1996 and a Master of Strategic Studies from the United States Army War College in 2000 . External links . - Official National Guard Bureau biography

easy

What was the residence of James Lanier from 18 to 1800?

/wiki/James_Lanier#P551#0

James Lanier James Franklin Doughty Lanier ( November 22 , 1800 – August 27 , 1881 ) was an entrepreneur who lived in Madison , Indiana prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War ( 1861–1865 ) . Lanier became a wealthy banker with interests in pork packing , the railroads , and real estate . Early life . James Lanier was born in 1800 in Beaufort County , North Carolina to Alexander Chalmers Sr . ( 1778-1820 ) and Drusilla Cleaves Doughty ( died 1838 ) . His home was in Bourbon county Kentucky from 1802 to 1807 and then in Eaton Ohio until 1817 , when his family moved to Madison , Indiana , the year after it became a state and lived at Schofield House . He studied law at Transylvania University and began practicing in 1820 . According to an ad placed in the Indiana Republican newspaper of August 17 , 1820 , Laniers first law office at Madison was “in the south wing of Col . Stapp’s brick house , in the room…at present occupied by Dr . [ Robert ] Cravens,” father of the man Laniers daughter Drucilla would later marry . Career . During the 1820s , he was assistant clerk for the Indiana Legislature and later Clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives , where he was involved in assisting to move the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis in 1825 . In the early 1830s , Lanier became involved in banking . He became president of the Bank of Indiana in 1833 and eventually became a large shareholder of its Madison branch and was also on the board of directors that oversaw all branches . In the later 1830s , Lanier was involved with construction of the states first major rail line connecting Madison and Indianapolis . He became a major stockholder in the line , which was finally finished in 1847 . The line turned out to be very profitable . The same year , Lanier represented Indiana in a meeting with its European creditors . The state was on the verge of bankruptcy due to extreme overspending on internal improvement over the previous decade and was liquidating its assets . Lanier was able to negotiate the transfer of ownership of most of the Indiana canals to their bond holders in exchange for a 50% reduction in the value of the bonds . His sudden wealth allowed him to build a large mansion in Madison ; it was completed in 1844 . His wife Elizabeth died in 1846 and he was remarried to Margaret Mary McClure in 1848 . In 1849 , he began trading railroad shares in New York in a bank he started there in the same year with Richard Winslow called Winslow , Lanier & Co. . In 1851 , he moved out of the state to New York , where he would manage his new business . He never moved back to Indiana . At the request of Gov . Oliver P . Morton , Lanier loaned the Indiana government over one million dollars without security to help the state avoid bankruptcy during the American Civil War . The money was used to pay interest on the state debt and outfit troops . It was all repaid by 1870 . The state , grateful for his help , has preserved his residence in Madison , the Lanier Mansion , as a state historic site . Personal life . In 1819 , he married his first wife , Elizabeth G . Gardner ( 1798–1846 ) . Following Elizabeths death , he married Margaret Mary McClure ( 1825-1903 ) . - Alexander Chalmers Lanier ( 1820–1895 ) , an attorney who married Stella Louise Searing Godman ( 1825–1899 ) . - Elizabeth Frances Lanier ( 1822–1910 ) , who married Brig . Gen . William McKee Dunn ( 1814–1887 ) . - Drucilla Ann Lanier ( 1824–1903 ) , who married John Robert Cravens ( 1819–1899 ) , the Lieutenant Governor of Indiana . - Margaret Downing Lanier ( b . 1827 ) - John James Lanier ( 1829–1836 ) , who died young . - Mary Lanier ( b . 1832 ) , who married John Cameron Stone ( d . 1862 ) . - Louisa Morris Lanier ( 1835–1885 ) - Charles D . Lanier ( 1837–1926 ) , who married Sarah E . Egleston , and who was a close friend of Pierpont Morgan , who carried on Winslow , Lanier & Co . after Laniers death . - Jean Lanier ( 1849–1849 ) , who died young . - James Lanier ( 1851–1856 ) , who died young . - Katherine Howard Steuart Lanier ( b . 1858 ) , who married Myles Standish ( d . 1915 ) . Lanier died on August 27 , 1881 in New York City . His funeral was held at the Presbyterian Church at University Place and 10th Street in Manhattan and he was then buried at Green-Wood Cemetery . Descendants . Through his youngest son , Charles , he was the grandfather of James F . D . Lanier ( 1858–1928 ) , who married Harriet Bishop in 1885 ; Sarah Eggleston ( née Lanier ) Lawrence ( 1862–1893 ) , Fanny ( née Lanier ) Appleton ( 1864–1958 ) , who was married to Francis Randall Appleton , and Elizabeth Gardner ( née Lanier ) Turnure ( 1870–1935 ) , who was married to George Evans Turnure ( d . 1933 ) .His great-grandson is record producer Quincy Jones , whose maternal great-grandmother was a slave . References . - Indiana State Museum

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Where did James Lanier live from 1800 to 1817?

/wiki/James_Lanier#P551#1

James Lanier James Franklin Doughty Lanier ( November 22 , 1800 – August 27 , 1881 ) was an entrepreneur who lived in Madison , Indiana prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War ( 1861–1865 ) . Lanier became a wealthy banker with interests in pork packing , the railroads , and real estate . Early life . James Lanier was born in 1800 in Beaufort County , North Carolina to Alexander Chalmers Sr . ( 1778-1820 ) and Drusilla Cleaves Doughty ( died 1838 ) . His home was in Bourbon county Kentucky from 1802 to 1807 and then in Eaton Ohio until 1817 , when his family moved to Madison , Indiana , the year after it became a state and lived at Schofield House . He studied law at Transylvania University and began practicing in 1820 . According to an ad placed in the Indiana Republican newspaper of August 17 , 1820 , Laniers first law office at Madison was “in the south wing of Col . Stapp’s brick house , in the room…at present occupied by Dr . [ Robert ] Cravens,” father of the man Laniers daughter Drucilla would later marry . Career . During the 1820s , he was assistant clerk for the Indiana Legislature and later Clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives , where he was involved in assisting to move the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis in 1825 . In the early 1830s , Lanier became involved in banking . He became president of the Bank of Indiana in 1833 and eventually became a large shareholder of its Madison branch and was also on the board of directors that oversaw all branches . In the later 1830s , Lanier was involved with construction of the states first major rail line connecting Madison and Indianapolis . He became a major stockholder in the line , which was finally finished in 1847 . The line turned out to be very profitable . The same year , Lanier represented Indiana in a meeting with its European creditors . The state was on the verge of bankruptcy due to extreme overspending on internal improvement over the previous decade and was liquidating its assets . Lanier was able to negotiate the transfer of ownership of most of the Indiana canals to their bond holders in exchange for a 50% reduction in the value of the bonds . His sudden wealth allowed him to build a large mansion in Madison ; it was completed in 1844 . His wife Elizabeth died in 1846 and he was remarried to Margaret Mary McClure in 1848 . In 1849 , he began trading railroad shares in New York in a bank he started there in the same year with Richard Winslow called Winslow , Lanier & Co. . In 1851 , he moved out of the state to New York , where he would manage his new business . He never moved back to Indiana . At the request of Gov . Oliver P . Morton , Lanier loaned the Indiana government over one million dollars without security to help the state avoid bankruptcy during the American Civil War . The money was used to pay interest on the state debt and outfit troops . It was all repaid by 1870 . The state , grateful for his help , has preserved his residence in Madison , the Lanier Mansion , as a state historic site . Personal life . In 1819 , he married his first wife , Elizabeth G . Gardner ( 1798–1846 ) . Following Elizabeths death , he married Margaret Mary McClure ( 1825-1903 ) . - Alexander Chalmers Lanier ( 1820–1895 ) , an attorney who married Stella Louise Searing Godman ( 1825–1899 ) . - Elizabeth Frances Lanier ( 1822–1910 ) , who married Brig . Gen . William McKee Dunn ( 1814–1887 ) . - Drucilla Ann Lanier ( 1824–1903 ) , who married John Robert Cravens ( 1819–1899 ) , the Lieutenant Governor of Indiana . - Margaret Downing Lanier ( b . 1827 ) - John James Lanier ( 1829–1836 ) , who died young . - Mary Lanier ( b . 1832 ) , who married John Cameron Stone ( d . 1862 ) . - Louisa Morris Lanier ( 1835–1885 ) - Charles D . Lanier ( 1837–1926 ) , who married Sarah E . Egleston , and who was a close friend of Pierpont Morgan , who carried on Winslow , Lanier & Co . after Laniers death . - Jean Lanier ( 1849–1849 ) , who died young . - James Lanier ( 1851–1856 ) , who died young . - Katherine Howard Steuart Lanier ( b . 1858 ) , who married Myles Standish ( d . 1915 ) . Lanier died on August 27 , 1881 in New York City . His funeral was held at the Presbyterian Church at University Place and 10th Street in Manhattan and he was then buried at Green-Wood Cemetery . Descendants . Through his youngest son , Charles , he was the grandfather of James F . D . Lanier ( 1858–1928 ) , who married Harriet Bishop in 1885 ; Sarah Eggleston ( née Lanier ) Lawrence ( 1862–1893 ) , Fanny ( née Lanier ) Appleton ( 1864–1958 ) , who was married to Francis Randall Appleton , and Elizabeth Gardner ( née Lanier ) Turnure ( 1870–1935 ) , who was married to George Evans Turnure ( d . 1933 ) .His great-grandson is record producer Quincy Jones , whose maternal great-grandmother was a slave . References . - Indiana State Museum

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What was the residence of James Lanier from 1817 to 1851?

/wiki/James_Lanier#P551#2

James Lanier James Franklin Doughty Lanier ( November 22 , 1800 – August 27 , 1881 ) was an entrepreneur who lived in Madison , Indiana prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War ( 1861–1865 ) . Lanier became a wealthy banker with interests in pork packing , the railroads , and real estate . Early life . James Lanier was born in 1800 in Beaufort County , North Carolina to Alexander Chalmers Sr . ( 1778-1820 ) and Drusilla Cleaves Doughty ( died 1838 ) . His home was in Bourbon county Kentucky from 1802 to 1807 and then in Eaton Ohio until 1817 , when his family moved to Madison , Indiana , the year after it became a state and lived at Schofield House . He studied law at Transylvania University and began practicing in 1820 . According to an ad placed in the Indiana Republican newspaper of August 17 , 1820 , Laniers first law office at Madison was “in the south wing of Col . Stapp’s brick house , in the room…at present occupied by Dr . [ Robert ] Cravens,” father of the man Laniers daughter Drucilla would later marry . Career . During the 1820s , he was assistant clerk for the Indiana Legislature and later Clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives , where he was involved in assisting to move the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis in 1825 . In the early 1830s , Lanier became involved in banking . He became president of the Bank of Indiana in 1833 and eventually became a large shareholder of its Madison branch and was also on the board of directors that oversaw all branches . In the later 1830s , Lanier was involved with construction of the states first major rail line connecting Madison and Indianapolis . He became a major stockholder in the line , which was finally finished in 1847 . The line turned out to be very profitable . The same year , Lanier represented Indiana in a meeting with its European creditors . The state was on the verge of bankruptcy due to extreme overspending on internal improvement over the previous decade and was liquidating its assets . Lanier was able to negotiate the transfer of ownership of most of the Indiana canals to their bond holders in exchange for a 50% reduction in the value of the bonds . His sudden wealth allowed him to build a large mansion in Madison ; it was completed in 1844 . His wife Elizabeth died in 1846 and he was remarried to Margaret Mary McClure in 1848 . In 1849 , he began trading railroad shares in New York in a bank he started there in the same year with Richard Winslow called Winslow , Lanier & Co. . In 1851 , he moved out of the state to New York , where he would manage his new business . He never moved back to Indiana . At the request of Gov . Oliver P . Morton , Lanier loaned the Indiana government over one million dollars without security to help the state avoid bankruptcy during the American Civil War . The money was used to pay interest on the state debt and outfit troops . It was all repaid by 1870 . The state , grateful for his help , has preserved his residence in Madison , the Lanier Mansion , as a state historic site . Personal life . In 1819 , he married his first wife , Elizabeth G . Gardner ( 1798–1846 ) . Following Elizabeths death , he married Margaret Mary McClure ( 1825-1903 ) . - Alexander Chalmers Lanier ( 1820–1895 ) , an attorney who married Stella Louise Searing Godman ( 1825–1899 ) . - Elizabeth Frances Lanier ( 1822–1910 ) , who married Brig . Gen . William McKee Dunn ( 1814–1887 ) . - Drucilla Ann Lanier ( 1824–1903 ) , who married John Robert Cravens ( 1819–1899 ) , the Lieutenant Governor of Indiana . - Margaret Downing Lanier ( b . 1827 ) - John James Lanier ( 1829–1836 ) , who died young . - Mary Lanier ( b . 1832 ) , who married John Cameron Stone ( d . 1862 ) . - Louisa Morris Lanier ( 1835–1885 ) - Charles D . Lanier ( 1837–1926 ) , who married Sarah E . Egleston , and who was a close friend of Pierpont Morgan , who carried on Winslow , Lanier & Co . after Laniers death . - Jean Lanier ( 1849–1849 ) , who died young . - James Lanier ( 1851–1856 ) , who died young . - Katherine Howard Steuart Lanier ( b . 1858 ) , who married Myles Standish ( d . 1915 ) . Lanier died on August 27 , 1881 in New York City . His funeral was held at the Presbyterian Church at University Place and 10th Street in Manhattan and he was then buried at Green-Wood Cemetery . Descendants . Through his youngest son , Charles , he was the grandfather of James F . D . Lanier ( 1858–1928 ) , who married Harriet Bishop in 1885 ; Sarah Eggleston ( née Lanier ) Lawrence ( 1862–1893 ) , Fanny ( née Lanier ) Appleton ( 1864–1958 ) , who was married to Francis Randall Appleton , and Elizabeth Gardner ( née Lanier ) Turnure ( 1870–1935 ) , who was married to George Evans Turnure ( d . 1933 ) .His great-grandson is record producer Quincy Jones , whose maternal great-grandmother was a slave . References . - Indiana State Museum

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What was the residence of James Lanier from 1851 to 1852?

/wiki/James_Lanier#P551#3

James Lanier James Franklin Doughty Lanier ( November 22 , 1800 – August 27 , 1881 ) was an entrepreneur who lived in Madison , Indiana prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War ( 1861–1865 ) . Lanier became a wealthy banker with interests in pork packing , the railroads , and real estate . Early life . James Lanier was born in 1800 in Beaufort County , North Carolina to Alexander Chalmers Sr . ( 1778-1820 ) and Drusilla Cleaves Doughty ( died 1838 ) . His home was in Bourbon county Kentucky from 1802 to 1807 and then in Eaton Ohio until 1817 , when his family moved to Madison , Indiana , the year after it became a state and lived at Schofield House . He studied law at Transylvania University and began practicing in 1820 . According to an ad placed in the Indiana Republican newspaper of August 17 , 1820 , Laniers first law office at Madison was “in the south wing of Col . Stapp’s brick house , in the room…at present occupied by Dr . [ Robert ] Cravens,” father of the man Laniers daughter Drucilla would later marry . Career . During the 1820s , he was assistant clerk for the Indiana Legislature and later Clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives , where he was involved in assisting to move the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis in 1825 . In the early 1830s , Lanier became involved in banking . He became president of the Bank of Indiana in 1833 and eventually became a large shareholder of its Madison branch and was also on the board of directors that oversaw all branches . In the later 1830s , Lanier was involved with construction of the states first major rail line connecting Madison and Indianapolis . He became a major stockholder in the line , which was finally finished in 1847 . The line turned out to be very profitable . The same year , Lanier represented Indiana in a meeting with its European creditors . The state was on the verge of bankruptcy due to extreme overspending on internal improvement over the previous decade and was liquidating its assets . Lanier was able to negotiate the transfer of ownership of most of the Indiana canals to their bond holders in exchange for a 50% reduction in the value of the bonds . His sudden wealth allowed him to build a large mansion in Madison ; it was completed in 1844 . His wife Elizabeth died in 1846 and he was remarried to Margaret Mary McClure in 1848 . In 1849 , he began trading railroad shares in New York in a bank he started there in the same year with Richard Winslow called Winslow , Lanier & Co. . In 1851 , he moved out of the state to New York , where he would manage his new business . He never moved back to Indiana . At the request of Gov . Oliver P . Morton , Lanier loaned the Indiana government over one million dollars without security to help the state avoid bankruptcy during the American Civil War . The money was used to pay interest on the state debt and outfit troops . It was all repaid by 1870 . The state , grateful for his help , has preserved his residence in Madison , the Lanier Mansion , as a state historic site . Personal life . In 1819 , he married his first wife , Elizabeth G . Gardner ( 1798–1846 ) . Following Elizabeths death , he married Margaret Mary McClure ( 1825-1903 ) . - Alexander Chalmers Lanier ( 1820–1895 ) , an attorney who married Stella Louise Searing Godman ( 1825–1899 ) . - Elizabeth Frances Lanier ( 1822–1910 ) , who married Brig . Gen . William McKee Dunn ( 1814–1887 ) . - Drucilla Ann Lanier ( 1824–1903 ) , who married John Robert Cravens ( 1819–1899 ) , the Lieutenant Governor of Indiana . - Margaret Downing Lanier ( b . 1827 ) - John James Lanier ( 1829–1836 ) , who died young . - Mary Lanier ( b . 1832 ) , who married John Cameron Stone ( d . 1862 ) . - Louisa Morris Lanier ( 1835–1885 ) - Charles D . Lanier ( 1837–1926 ) , who married Sarah E . Egleston , and who was a close friend of Pierpont Morgan , who carried on Winslow , Lanier & Co . after Laniers death . - Jean Lanier ( 1849–1849 ) , who died young . - James Lanier ( 1851–1856 ) , who died young . - Katherine Howard Steuart Lanier ( b . 1858 ) , who married Myles Standish ( d . 1915 ) . Lanier died on August 27 , 1881 in New York City . His funeral was held at the Presbyterian Church at University Place and 10th Street in Manhattan and he was then buried at Green-Wood Cemetery . Descendants . Through his youngest son , Charles , he was the grandfather of James F . D . Lanier ( 1858–1928 ) , who married Harriet Bishop in 1885 ; Sarah Eggleston ( née Lanier ) Lawrence ( 1862–1893 ) , Fanny ( née Lanier ) Appleton ( 1864–1958 ) , who was married to Francis Randall Appleton , and Elizabeth Gardner ( née Lanier ) Turnure ( 1870–1935 ) , who was married to George Evans Turnure ( d . 1933 ) .His great-grandson is record producer Quincy Jones , whose maternal great-grandmother was a slave . References . - Indiana State Museum

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Song Chong-gug played for which team from 1997 to 1999?

/wiki/Song_Chong-gug#P54#0

Song Chong-gug Song Chong-gug ( ; born 20 February 1979 ) is a retired South Korean football player . who played in 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . Playing career . Early career in South Korea . Song made his international debut against Macedonia under Huh Jung-moo in June 2000 while he was a university student . In 2001 , Song started his professional career in a K League club Busan ICons after graduating Yonsei University . In his first season , he was recognised for his talent , and was selected for the K League Rookie of the Year and the K League Best XI . Guus Hiddink , the new manager of the South Korea national team , also quickly decided on him as a member of the World Cup team in that year . He was tested in various midfield positions and defensive positions by Hiddink , and finally received the right back position . While South Korea finished the 2002 FIFA World Cup in fourth place , Song was the only outfield player of South Korean team to play all of 687 minutes in seven matches . He also had a memorable match against Portugal , where he nullified Luís Figo perfectly by blocking all 12 dribbles without a concession . He sometimes talks about his experience in marking Figo when appearing on South Korean TV programs . Feyenoord . After the 2002 World Cup , Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal approached Busan ICons to get Song , but Busan intentionally delayed the contracts in order to keep him . He strongly expressed his intention to move to an European club by moving his belongings out of the club after his deals with Premier League clubs were scuttled . He eventually joined an Eredivisie club Feyenoord . He made 56 appearances for Feyenoord in two seasons under Bert van Marwijk , and also participated in the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League . However , his form regressed due to his ankle injuries , and besides he lost his seat after van Marwijk was replaced by Ruud Gullit . Return to South Korea . After leaving Feyenoord in January 2005 , Song returned to South Korea to play in the K League with Suwon Samsung Bluewings . Song has had a left ankle injury , which prevented him from making a comeback in 2005 . Although Song was not able to recover as fast as he hoped , and only was able to play in late March 2006 , prospect of his recovery was enough to guarantee his place in the South Korean squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He signed for Saudi Arabian side Al-Shabab Riyadh in the summer of 2010 and decided to start a new experience in the Saudi Professional League . He joined to Ulsan Hyundai on 8 February 2011 , signing a one-year contract . Having made 13 league appearances for Ulsan , he had his contract canceled by mutual consent on 5 July 2011 . He joined Chinese outfit Tianjin Teda the next day , signing a one-and-half-year contract . However , Song was released by Tianjin in the end of the 2011 league season . Personal life . In 2003 , Song married Kim Jung-Ah to the surprise of many of his fans after dating Kim since April 2001 . Before the marriage , he had been linked with multiple celebrities including Lee Jin , a member of a Korean girl band Fin.K.L. . He presented a bigger surprise three years later by getting divorced . On 17 December 2006 , he married actress and model Park Yun-Soo after an 18-month relationship . The wedding was held privately in front of 100 family and friends . Song became a father six months after the wedding . In October 2015 , Song divorced his wife . Filmography . Variety shows . - 2015 : Running Man - guest , ep . 257 Honours . Suwon Samsung Bluewings - K League 1 : 2008 Tianjin Teda - Chinese FA Cup : 2011 Individual - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Song Chong-gug – National Team Stats at KFA - Song Chong-Gug in Ronald Zwiers

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Which team did Song Chong-gug play for from 2000 to 2001?

/wiki/Song_Chong-gug#P54#1

Song Chong-gug Song Chong-gug ( ; born 20 February 1979 ) is a retired South Korean football player . who played in 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . Playing career . Early career in South Korea . Song made his international debut against Macedonia under Huh Jung-moo in June 2000 while he was a university student . In 2001 , Song started his professional career in a K League club Busan ICons after graduating Yonsei University . In his first season , he was recognised for his talent , and was selected for the K League Rookie of the Year and the K League Best XI . Guus Hiddink , the new manager of the South Korea national team , also quickly decided on him as a member of the World Cup team in that year . He was tested in various midfield positions and defensive positions by Hiddink , and finally received the right back position . While South Korea finished the 2002 FIFA World Cup in fourth place , Song was the only outfield player of South Korean team to play all of 687 minutes in seven matches . He also had a memorable match against Portugal , where he nullified Luís Figo perfectly by blocking all 12 dribbles without a concession . He sometimes talks about his experience in marking Figo when appearing on South Korean TV programs . Feyenoord . After the 2002 World Cup , Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal approached Busan ICons to get Song , but Busan intentionally delayed the contracts in order to keep him . He strongly expressed his intention to move to an European club by moving his belongings out of the club after his deals with Premier League clubs were scuttled . He eventually joined an Eredivisie club Feyenoord . He made 56 appearances for Feyenoord in two seasons under Bert van Marwijk , and also participated in the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League . However , his form regressed due to his ankle injuries , and besides he lost his seat after van Marwijk was replaced by Ruud Gullit . Return to South Korea . After leaving Feyenoord in January 2005 , Song returned to South Korea to play in the K League with Suwon Samsung Bluewings . Song has had a left ankle injury , which prevented him from making a comeback in 2005 . Although Song was not able to recover as fast as he hoped , and only was able to play in late March 2006 , prospect of his recovery was enough to guarantee his place in the South Korean squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He signed for Saudi Arabian side Al-Shabab Riyadh in the summer of 2010 and decided to start a new experience in the Saudi Professional League . He joined to Ulsan Hyundai on 8 February 2011 , signing a one-year contract . Having made 13 league appearances for Ulsan , he had his contract canceled by mutual consent on 5 July 2011 . He joined Chinese outfit Tianjin Teda the next day , signing a one-and-half-year contract . However , Song was released by Tianjin in the end of the 2011 league season . Personal life . In 2003 , Song married Kim Jung-Ah to the surprise of many of his fans after dating Kim since April 2001 . Before the marriage , he had been linked with multiple celebrities including Lee Jin , a member of a Korean girl band Fin.K.L. . He presented a bigger surprise three years later by getting divorced . On 17 December 2006 , he married actress and model Park Yun-Soo after an 18-month relationship . The wedding was held privately in front of 100 family and friends . Song became a father six months after the wedding . In October 2015 , Song divorced his wife . Filmography . Variety shows . - 2015 : Running Man - guest , ep . 257 Honours . Suwon Samsung Bluewings - K League 1 : 2008 Tianjin Teda - Chinese FA Cup : 2011 Individual - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Song Chong-gug – National Team Stats at KFA - Song Chong-Gug in Ronald Zwiers

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Song Chong-gug played for which team from 2001 to 2002?

/wiki/Song_Chong-gug#P54#2

Song Chong-gug Song Chong-gug ( ; born 20 February 1979 ) is a retired South Korean football player . who played in 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . Playing career . Early career in South Korea . Song made his international debut against Macedonia under Huh Jung-moo in June 2000 while he was a university student . In 2001 , Song started his professional career in a K League club Busan ICons after graduating Yonsei University . In his first season , he was recognised for his talent , and was selected for the K League Rookie of the Year and the K League Best XI . Guus Hiddink , the new manager of the South Korea national team , also quickly decided on him as a member of the World Cup team in that year . He was tested in various midfield positions and defensive positions by Hiddink , and finally received the right back position . While South Korea finished the 2002 FIFA World Cup in fourth place , Song was the only outfield player of South Korean team to play all of 687 minutes in seven matches . He also had a memorable match against Portugal , where he nullified Luís Figo perfectly by blocking all 12 dribbles without a concession . He sometimes talks about his experience in marking Figo when appearing on South Korean TV programs . Feyenoord . After the 2002 World Cup , Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal approached Busan ICons to get Song , but Busan intentionally delayed the contracts in order to keep him . He strongly expressed his intention to move to an European club by moving his belongings out of the club after his deals with Premier League clubs were scuttled . He eventually joined an Eredivisie club Feyenoord . He made 56 appearances for Feyenoord in two seasons under Bert van Marwijk , and also participated in the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League . However , his form regressed due to his ankle injuries , and besides he lost his seat after van Marwijk was replaced by Ruud Gullit . Return to South Korea . After leaving Feyenoord in January 2005 , Song returned to South Korea to play in the K League with Suwon Samsung Bluewings . Song has had a left ankle injury , which prevented him from making a comeback in 2005 . Although Song was not able to recover as fast as he hoped , and only was able to play in late March 2006 , prospect of his recovery was enough to guarantee his place in the South Korean squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He signed for Saudi Arabian side Al-Shabab Riyadh in the summer of 2010 and decided to start a new experience in the Saudi Professional League . He joined to Ulsan Hyundai on 8 February 2011 , signing a one-year contract . Having made 13 league appearances for Ulsan , he had his contract canceled by mutual consent on 5 July 2011 . He joined Chinese outfit Tianjin Teda the next day , signing a one-and-half-year contract . However , Song was released by Tianjin in the end of the 2011 league season . Personal life . In 2003 , Song married Kim Jung-Ah to the surprise of many of his fans after dating Kim since April 2001 . Before the marriage , he had been linked with multiple celebrities including Lee Jin , a member of a Korean girl band Fin.K.L. . He presented a bigger surprise three years later by getting divorced . On 17 December 2006 , he married actress and model Park Yun-Soo after an 18-month relationship . The wedding was held privately in front of 100 family and friends . Song became a father six months after the wedding . In October 2015 , Song divorced his wife . Filmography . Variety shows . - 2015 : Running Man - guest , ep . 257 Honours . Suwon Samsung Bluewings - K League 1 : 2008 Tianjin Teda - Chinese FA Cup : 2011 Individual - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Song Chong-gug – National Team Stats at KFA - Song Chong-Gug in Ronald Zwiers

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Which team did the player Song Chong-gug belong to from 2002 to 2005?

/wiki/Song_Chong-gug#P54#3

Song Chong-gug Song Chong-gug ( ; born 20 February 1979 ) is a retired South Korean football player . who played in 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . Playing career . Early career in South Korea . Song made his international debut against Macedonia under Huh Jung-moo in June 2000 while he was a university student . In 2001 , Song started his professional career in a K League club Busan ICons after graduating Yonsei University . In his first season , he was recognised for his talent , and was selected for the K League Rookie of the Year and the K League Best XI . Guus Hiddink , the new manager of the South Korea national team , also quickly decided on him as a member of the World Cup team in that year . He was tested in various midfield positions and defensive positions by Hiddink , and finally received the right back position . While South Korea finished the 2002 FIFA World Cup in fourth place , Song was the only outfield player of South Korean team to play all of 687 minutes in seven matches . He also had a memorable match against Portugal , where he nullified Luís Figo perfectly by blocking all 12 dribbles without a concession . He sometimes talks about his experience in marking Figo when appearing on South Korean TV programs . Feyenoord . After the 2002 World Cup , Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal approached Busan ICons to get Song , but Busan intentionally delayed the contracts in order to keep him . He strongly expressed his intention to move to an European club by moving his belongings out of the club after his deals with Premier League clubs were scuttled . He eventually joined an Eredivisie club Feyenoord . He made 56 appearances for Feyenoord in two seasons under Bert van Marwijk , and also participated in the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League . However , his form regressed due to his ankle injuries , and besides he lost his seat after van Marwijk was replaced by Ruud Gullit . Return to South Korea . After leaving Feyenoord in January 2005 , Song returned to South Korea to play in the K League with Suwon Samsung Bluewings . Song has had a left ankle injury , which prevented him from making a comeback in 2005 . Although Song was not able to recover as fast as he hoped , and only was able to play in late March 2006 , prospect of his recovery was enough to guarantee his place in the South Korean squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He signed for Saudi Arabian side Al-Shabab Riyadh in the summer of 2010 and decided to start a new experience in the Saudi Professional League . He joined to Ulsan Hyundai on 8 February 2011 , signing a one-year contract . Having made 13 league appearances for Ulsan , he had his contract canceled by mutual consent on 5 July 2011 . He joined Chinese outfit Tianjin Teda the next day , signing a one-and-half-year contract . However , Song was released by Tianjin in the end of the 2011 league season . Personal life . In 2003 , Song married Kim Jung-Ah to the surprise of many of his fans after dating Kim since April 2001 . Before the marriage , he had been linked with multiple celebrities including Lee Jin , a member of a Korean girl band Fin.K.L. . He presented a bigger surprise three years later by getting divorced . On 17 December 2006 , he married actress and model Park Yun-Soo after an 18-month relationship . The wedding was held privately in front of 100 family and friends . Song became a father six months after the wedding . In October 2015 , Song divorced his wife . Filmography . Variety shows . - 2015 : Running Man - guest , ep . 257 Honours . Suwon Samsung Bluewings - K League 1 : 2008 Tianjin Teda - Chinese FA Cup : 2011 Individual - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Song Chong-gug – National Team Stats at KFA - Song Chong-Gug in Ronald Zwiers

easy

Which team did the player Song Chong-gug belong to from 2005 to 2007?

/wiki/Song_Chong-gug#P54#4

Song Chong-gug Song Chong-gug ( ; born 20 February 1979 ) is a retired South Korean football player . who played in 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . Playing career . Early career in South Korea . Song made his international debut against Macedonia under Huh Jung-moo in June 2000 while he was a university student . In 2001 , Song started his professional career in a K League club Busan ICons after graduating Yonsei University . In his first season , he was recognised for his talent , and was selected for the K League Rookie of the Year and the K League Best XI . Guus Hiddink , the new manager of the South Korea national team , also quickly decided on him as a member of the World Cup team in that year . He was tested in various midfield positions and defensive positions by Hiddink , and finally received the right back position . While South Korea finished the 2002 FIFA World Cup in fourth place , Song was the only outfield player of South Korean team to play all of 687 minutes in seven matches . He also had a memorable match against Portugal , where he nullified Luís Figo perfectly by blocking all 12 dribbles without a concession . He sometimes talks about his experience in marking Figo when appearing on South Korean TV programs . Feyenoord . After the 2002 World Cup , Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal approached Busan ICons to get Song , but Busan intentionally delayed the contracts in order to keep him . He strongly expressed his intention to move to an European club by moving his belongings out of the club after his deals with Premier League clubs were scuttled . He eventually joined an Eredivisie club Feyenoord . He made 56 appearances for Feyenoord in two seasons under Bert van Marwijk , and also participated in the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League . However , his form regressed due to his ankle injuries , and besides he lost his seat after van Marwijk was replaced by Ruud Gullit . Return to South Korea . After leaving Feyenoord in January 2005 , Song returned to South Korea to play in the K League with Suwon Samsung Bluewings . Song has had a left ankle injury , which prevented him from making a comeback in 2005 . Although Song was not able to recover as fast as he hoped , and only was able to play in late March 2006 , prospect of his recovery was enough to guarantee his place in the South Korean squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He signed for Saudi Arabian side Al-Shabab Riyadh in the summer of 2010 and decided to start a new experience in the Saudi Professional League . He joined to Ulsan Hyundai on 8 February 2011 , signing a one-year contract . Having made 13 league appearances for Ulsan , he had his contract canceled by mutual consent on 5 July 2011 . He joined Chinese outfit Tianjin Teda the next day , signing a one-and-half-year contract . However , Song was released by Tianjin in the end of the 2011 league season . Personal life . In 2003 , Song married Kim Jung-Ah to the surprise of many of his fans after dating Kim since April 2001 . Before the marriage , he had been linked with multiple celebrities including Lee Jin , a member of a Korean girl band Fin.K.L. . He presented a bigger surprise three years later by getting divorced . On 17 December 2006 , he married actress and model Park Yun-Soo after an 18-month relationship . The wedding was held privately in front of 100 family and friends . Song became a father six months after the wedding . In October 2015 , Song divorced his wife . Filmography . Variety shows . - 2015 : Running Man - guest , ep . 257 Honours . Suwon Samsung Bluewings - K League 1 : 2008 Tianjin Teda - Chinese FA Cup : 2011 Individual - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Song Chong-gug – National Team Stats at KFA - Song Chong-Gug in Ronald Zwiers

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Song Chong-gug played for which team in 2007?

/wiki/Song_Chong-gug#P54#5

Song Chong-gug Song Chong-gug ( ; born 20 February 1979 ) is a retired South Korean football player . who played in 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . Playing career . Early career in South Korea . Song made his international debut against Macedonia under Huh Jung-moo in June 2000 while he was a university student . In 2001 , Song started his professional career in a K League club Busan ICons after graduating Yonsei University . In his first season , he was recognised for his talent , and was selected for the K League Rookie of the Year and the K League Best XI . Guus Hiddink , the new manager of the South Korea national team , also quickly decided on him as a member of the World Cup team in that year . He was tested in various midfield positions and defensive positions by Hiddink , and finally received the right back position . While South Korea finished the 2002 FIFA World Cup in fourth place , Song was the only outfield player of South Korean team to play all of 687 minutes in seven matches . He also had a memorable match against Portugal , where he nullified Luís Figo perfectly by blocking all 12 dribbles without a concession . He sometimes talks about his experience in marking Figo when appearing on South Korean TV programs . Feyenoord . After the 2002 World Cup , Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal approached Busan ICons to get Song , but Busan intentionally delayed the contracts in order to keep him . He strongly expressed his intention to move to an European club by moving his belongings out of the club after his deals with Premier League clubs were scuttled . He eventually joined an Eredivisie club Feyenoord . He made 56 appearances for Feyenoord in two seasons under Bert van Marwijk , and also participated in the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League . However , his form regressed due to his ankle injuries , and besides he lost his seat after van Marwijk was replaced by Ruud Gullit . Return to South Korea . After leaving Feyenoord in January 2005 , Song returned to South Korea to play in the K League with Suwon Samsung Bluewings . Song has had a left ankle injury , which prevented him from making a comeback in 2005 . Although Song was not able to recover as fast as he hoped , and only was able to play in late March 2006 , prospect of his recovery was enough to guarantee his place in the South Korean squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He signed for Saudi Arabian side Al-Shabab Riyadh in the summer of 2010 and decided to start a new experience in the Saudi Professional League . He joined to Ulsan Hyundai on 8 February 2011 , signing a one-year contract . Having made 13 league appearances for Ulsan , he had his contract canceled by mutual consent on 5 July 2011 . He joined Chinese outfit Tianjin Teda the next day , signing a one-and-half-year contract . However , Song was released by Tianjin in the end of the 2011 league season . Personal life . In 2003 , Song married Kim Jung-Ah to the surprise of many of his fans after dating Kim since April 2001 . Before the marriage , he had been linked with multiple celebrities including Lee Jin , a member of a Korean girl band Fin.K.L. . He presented a bigger surprise three years later by getting divorced . On 17 December 2006 , he married actress and model Park Yun-Soo after an 18-month relationship . The wedding was held privately in front of 100 family and friends . Song became a father six months after the wedding . In October 2015 , Song divorced his wife . Filmography . Variety shows . - 2015 : Running Man - guest , ep . 257 Honours . Suwon Samsung Bluewings - K League 1 : 2008 Tianjin Teda - Chinese FA Cup : 2011 Individual - AFC Opta Best XI at the FIFA World Cup : 2020 External links . - Song Chong-gug – National Team Stats at KFA - Song Chong-Gug in Ronald Zwiers

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Who owned Newton D. Baker House from 1811 to 1827?

/wiki/Newton_D._Baker_House#P127#0

Newton D . Baker House Newton D . Baker House , also known as Jacqueline Kennedy House , is a historic house at 3017 N Street NW in Washington , D.C. . Built in 1794 , it was home of Newton D . Baker , who was Secretary of War , during 1916-1920 , while he presided over Americas mass mobilization of men and material in World War I . After the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived here for about a year . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976 . History . The house was built in 1794 by Thomas Beall . During its early years , the house was situated on a large plot of land and was said to have had a servants wing attached to the east side . At that time N Street was known as Gay Street and was situated higher than today . In 1796 , John Laird , a wealthy merchant , lived in the house , and later Maj . George Peter , a War of 1812 commander and Maryland Congressman , purchased the house who lived there until 1827 , when the same Laird bought the house for his son . In 1834 , William Redin , the first auditor of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia , purchased it . In 1868 , Redins unmarried daughter inherited and sold the dwelling , which became the Georgetown Female Seminary . The Seminary had a student body of boarders and day students totaling 105 . In approximately 1890 , John H . Smoot bought the building and converted it back to a private residence again . In 1915 , Col . William E . Pattison French purchased the house , and began renting it to Newton D . Baker in 1916 . When Baker returned to Cleveland in 1920 , French either leased or lived in the house himself for more than two decades . During the World War II , the British military attache occupied the house and rented rooms to British officers . After the World War II , Vice Admiral Alan Kirk , later Ambassador to Belgium and to the Soviet Union , purchased the property . Three years later , Dr . E . H . Gushing bought the home along with his wife . They sold the attached servants wing as a separate residence to Mr . and Mrs . Stanley Woodward who built a new front entrance and lived in the home . The Cushings updated the main houses electrical wiring and plumbing and removed some of the interior walls therefore enlarging the living room . In 1954 , James McMillan Gibson bought the dwelling , added a small rear wing , and installed an elevator and lived there with his wife . In 1964 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived in it shortly after the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 . The Kennedy family lived here for about a year . In 1965 , Michael Whitney Straight purchased the home for $200,000 ( ) , from Kennedy when she moved to New York City . While living in the home , Straight married his second wife , Nina G . Auchincloss Steers in 1974 . Nina was the daughter of Nina Gore and Hugh D . Auchincloss . She was the half-sister of writer Gore Vidal and coincidentally , a stepsister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . Straight and his wife spent $125,000 ( ) renovating the home and decided to move to Bethesda , Maryland in 1976 when he was vice chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts . Straight and his wife lived in the home from until 1976 . In 1976 , Yolande Bebeze Fox , the former Miss America 1951 , bought the home from Straight . Fox lived in the home until her death in February 2016 . Architectural details . The home is considered more representative of New England architecture than other contemporary Georgetown homes . The house has many architectural details including a wide limestone stairway , pink-painted lintels with keystones , brick voussoirs , Doric pilasters , and a semi-elliptical fanlight . Resident timeline . - 1794-1796 - Thomas Beall - 1796- ? - John Laird - ?-1827 - George Peter - ?-1834 - John Lairds son - 1834-1868 - William Redin - 1868-1890 - Georgetown Female Seminary - 1890-1915 - John H . Smoot - 1915-1916 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1916-1920 - Newton D . Baker - 1920-1941 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1941-1945 - British military attache - 1945-1948 - Vice Admiral Alan Kirk - 1948-1954 - Dr . E . H . Gushing ( who sold the old servants wing to Stanley Woodward ) - 1954-1964 - James McMillan Gibson - 1964-1965 - Jacqueline Kennedy , Caroline Kennedy , John F . Kennedy , Jr . - 1965-1976 - Michael Whitney Straight and Nina G . Auchincloss Steers - 1974-2016 - Yolande Bebeze Fox - 2017-present - David W . Hudgens , performed extensive renovations

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Who was the owner of Newton D. Baker House from 1916 to 1920?

/wiki/Newton_D._Baker_House#P127#1

Newton D . Baker House Newton D . Baker House , also known as Jacqueline Kennedy House , is a historic house at 3017 N Street NW in Washington , D.C. . Built in 1794 , it was home of Newton D . Baker , who was Secretary of War , during 1916-1920 , while he presided over Americas mass mobilization of men and material in World War I . After the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived here for about a year . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976 . History . The house was built in 1794 by Thomas Beall . During its early years , the house was situated on a large plot of land and was said to have had a servants wing attached to the east side . At that time N Street was known as Gay Street and was situated higher than today . In 1796 , John Laird , a wealthy merchant , lived in the house , and later Maj . George Peter , a War of 1812 commander and Maryland Congressman , purchased the house who lived there until 1827 , when the same Laird bought the house for his son . In 1834 , William Redin , the first auditor of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia , purchased it . In 1868 , Redins unmarried daughter inherited and sold the dwelling , which became the Georgetown Female Seminary . The Seminary had a student body of boarders and day students totaling 105 . In approximately 1890 , John H . Smoot bought the building and converted it back to a private residence again . In 1915 , Col . William E . Pattison French purchased the house , and began renting it to Newton D . Baker in 1916 . When Baker returned to Cleveland in 1920 , French either leased or lived in the house himself for more than two decades . During the World War II , the British military attache occupied the house and rented rooms to British officers . After the World War II , Vice Admiral Alan Kirk , later Ambassador to Belgium and to the Soviet Union , purchased the property . Three years later , Dr . E . H . Gushing bought the home along with his wife . They sold the attached servants wing as a separate residence to Mr . and Mrs . Stanley Woodward who built a new front entrance and lived in the home . The Cushings updated the main houses electrical wiring and plumbing and removed some of the interior walls therefore enlarging the living room . In 1954 , James McMillan Gibson bought the dwelling , added a small rear wing , and installed an elevator and lived there with his wife . In 1964 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived in it shortly after the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 . The Kennedy family lived here for about a year . In 1965 , Michael Whitney Straight purchased the home for $200,000 ( ) , from Kennedy when she moved to New York City . While living in the home , Straight married his second wife , Nina G . Auchincloss Steers in 1974 . Nina was the daughter of Nina Gore and Hugh D . Auchincloss . She was the half-sister of writer Gore Vidal and coincidentally , a stepsister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . Straight and his wife spent $125,000 ( ) renovating the home and decided to move to Bethesda , Maryland in 1976 when he was vice chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts . Straight and his wife lived in the home from until 1976 . In 1976 , Yolande Bebeze Fox , the former Miss America 1951 , bought the home from Straight . Fox lived in the home until her death in February 2016 . Architectural details . The home is considered more representative of New England architecture than other contemporary Georgetown homes . The house has many architectural details including a wide limestone stairway , pink-painted lintels with keystones , brick voussoirs , Doric pilasters , and a semi-elliptical fanlight . Resident timeline . - 1794-1796 - Thomas Beall - 1796- ? - John Laird - ?-1827 - George Peter - ?-1834 - John Lairds son - 1834-1868 - William Redin - 1868-1890 - Georgetown Female Seminary - 1890-1915 - John H . Smoot - 1915-1916 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1916-1920 - Newton D . Baker - 1920-1941 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1941-1945 - British military attache - 1945-1948 - Vice Admiral Alan Kirk - 1948-1954 - Dr . E . H . Gushing ( who sold the old servants wing to Stanley Woodward ) - 1954-1964 - James McMillan Gibson - 1964-1965 - Jacqueline Kennedy , Caroline Kennedy , John F . Kennedy , Jr . - 1965-1976 - Michael Whitney Straight and Nina G . Auchincloss Steers - 1974-2016 - Yolande Bebeze Fox - 2017-present - David W . Hudgens , performed extensive renovations

easy

Newton D. Baker House was owned by whom from 1964 to 1965?

/wiki/Newton_D._Baker_House#P127#2

Newton D . Baker House Newton D . Baker House , also known as Jacqueline Kennedy House , is a historic house at 3017 N Street NW in Washington , D.C. . Built in 1794 , it was home of Newton D . Baker , who was Secretary of War , during 1916-1920 , while he presided over Americas mass mobilization of men and material in World War I . After the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived here for about a year . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976 . History . The house was built in 1794 by Thomas Beall . During its early years , the house was situated on a large plot of land and was said to have had a servants wing attached to the east side . At that time N Street was known as Gay Street and was situated higher than today . In 1796 , John Laird , a wealthy merchant , lived in the house , and later Maj . George Peter , a War of 1812 commander and Maryland Congressman , purchased the house who lived there until 1827 , when the same Laird bought the house for his son . In 1834 , William Redin , the first auditor of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia , purchased it . In 1868 , Redins unmarried daughter inherited and sold the dwelling , which became the Georgetown Female Seminary . The Seminary had a student body of boarders and day students totaling 105 . In approximately 1890 , John H . Smoot bought the building and converted it back to a private residence again . In 1915 , Col . William E . Pattison French purchased the house , and began renting it to Newton D . Baker in 1916 . When Baker returned to Cleveland in 1920 , French either leased or lived in the house himself for more than two decades . During the World War II , the British military attache occupied the house and rented rooms to British officers . After the World War II , Vice Admiral Alan Kirk , later Ambassador to Belgium and to the Soviet Union , purchased the property . Three years later , Dr . E . H . Gushing bought the home along with his wife . They sold the attached servants wing as a separate residence to Mr . and Mrs . Stanley Woodward who built a new front entrance and lived in the home . The Cushings updated the main houses electrical wiring and plumbing and removed some of the interior walls therefore enlarging the living room . In 1954 , James McMillan Gibson bought the dwelling , added a small rear wing , and installed an elevator and lived there with his wife . In 1964 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived in it shortly after the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 . The Kennedy family lived here for about a year . In 1965 , Michael Whitney Straight purchased the home for $200,000 ( ) , from Kennedy when she moved to New York City . While living in the home , Straight married his second wife , Nina G . Auchincloss Steers in 1974 . Nina was the daughter of Nina Gore and Hugh D . Auchincloss . She was the half-sister of writer Gore Vidal and coincidentally , a stepsister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . Straight and his wife spent $125,000 ( ) renovating the home and decided to move to Bethesda , Maryland in 1976 when he was vice chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts . Straight and his wife lived in the home from until 1976 . In 1976 , Yolande Bebeze Fox , the former Miss America 1951 , bought the home from Straight . Fox lived in the home until her death in February 2016 . Architectural details . The home is considered more representative of New England architecture than other contemporary Georgetown homes . The house has many architectural details including a wide limestone stairway , pink-painted lintels with keystones , brick voussoirs , Doric pilasters , and a semi-elliptical fanlight . Resident timeline . - 1794-1796 - Thomas Beall - 1796- ? - John Laird - ?-1827 - George Peter - ?-1834 - John Lairds son - 1834-1868 - William Redin - 1868-1890 - Georgetown Female Seminary - 1890-1915 - John H . Smoot - 1915-1916 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1916-1920 - Newton D . Baker - 1920-1941 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1941-1945 - British military attache - 1945-1948 - Vice Admiral Alan Kirk - 1948-1954 - Dr . E . H . Gushing ( who sold the old servants wing to Stanley Woodward ) - 1954-1964 - James McMillan Gibson - 1964-1965 - Jacqueline Kennedy , Caroline Kennedy , John F . Kennedy , Jr . - 1965-1976 - Michael Whitney Straight and Nina G . Auchincloss Steers - 1974-2016 - Yolande Bebeze Fox - 2017-present - David W . Hudgens , performed extensive renovations

easy

Who owned Newton D. Baker House from 1965 to 1975?

/wiki/Newton_D._Baker_House#P127#3

Newton D . Baker House Newton D . Baker House , also known as Jacqueline Kennedy House , is a historic house at 3017 N Street NW in Washington , D.C. . Built in 1794 , it was home of Newton D . Baker , who was Secretary of War , during 1916-1920 , while he presided over Americas mass mobilization of men and material in World War I . After the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived here for about a year . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976 . History . The house was built in 1794 by Thomas Beall . During its early years , the house was situated on a large plot of land and was said to have had a servants wing attached to the east side . At that time N Street was known as Gay Street and was situated higher than today . In 1796 , John Laird , a wealthy merchant , lived in the house , and later Maj . George Peter , a War of 1812 commander and Maryland Congressman , purchased the house who lived there until 1827 , when the same Laird bought the house for his son . In 1834 , William Redin , the first auditor of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia , purchased it . In 1868 , Redins unmarried daughter inherited and sold the dwelling , which became the Georgetown Female Seminary . The Seminary had a student body of boarders and day students totaling 105 . In approximately 1890 , John H . Smoot bought the building and converted it back to a private residence again . In 1915 , Col . William E . Pattison French purchased the house , and began renting it to Newton D . Baker in 1916 . When Baker returned to Cleveland in 1920 , French either leased or lived in the house himself for more than two decades . During the World War II , the British military attache occupied the house and rented rooms to British officers . After the World War II , Vice Admiral Alan Kirk , later Ambassador to Belgium and to the Soviet Union , purchased the property . Three years later , Dr . E . H . Gushing bought the home along with his wife . They sold the attached servants wing as a separate residence to Mr . and Mrs . Stanley Woodward who built a new front entrance and lived in the home . The Cushings updated the main houses electrical wiring and plumbing and removed some of the interior walls therefore enlarging the living room . In 1954 , James McMillan Gibson bought the dwelling , added a small rear wing , and installed an elevator and lived there with his wife . In 1964 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived in it shortly after the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 . The Kennedy family lived here for about a year . In 1965 , Michael Whitney Straight purchased the home for $200,000 ( ) , from Kennedy when she moved to New York City . While living in the home , Straight married his second wife , Nina G . Auchincloss Steers in 1974 . Nina was the daughter of Nina Gore and Hugh D . Auchincloss . She was the half-sister of writer Gore Vidal and coincidentally , a stepsister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . Straight and his wife spent $125,000 ( ) renovating the home and decided to move to Bethesda , Maryland in 1976 when he was vice chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts . Straight and his wife lived in the home from until 1976 . In 1976 , Yolande Bebeze Fox , the former Miss America 1951 , bought the home from Straight . Fox lived in the home until her death in February 2016 . Architectural details . The home is considered more representative of New England architecture than other contemporary Georgetown homes . The house has many architectural details including a wide limestone stairway , pink-painted lintels with keystones , brick voussoirs , Doric pilasters , and a semi-elliptical fanlight . Resident timeline . - 1794-1796 - Thomas Beall - 1796- ? - John Laird - ?-1827 - George Peter - ?-1834 - John Lairds son - 1834-1868 - William Redin - 1868-1890 - Georgetown Female Seminary - 1890-1915 - John H . Smoot - 1915-1916 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1916-1920 - Newton D . Baker - 1920-1941 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1941-1945 - British military attache - 1945-1948 - Vice Admiral Alan Kirk - 1948-1954 - Dr . E . H . Gushing ( who sold the old servants wing to Stanley Woodward ) - 1954-1964 - James McMillan Gibson - 1964-1965 - Jacqueline Kennedy , Caroline Kennedy , John F . Kennedy , Jr . - 1965-1976 - Michael Whitney Straight and Nina G . Auchincloss Steers - 1974-2016 - Yolande Bebeze Fox - 2017-present - David W . Hudgens , performed extensive renovations

easy

Who owned Newton D. Baker House from 1975 to Feb 2016?

/wiki/Newton_D._Baker_House#P127#4

Newton D . Baker House Newton D . Baker House , also known as Jacqueline Kennedy House , is a historic house at 3017 N Street NW in Washington , D.C. . Built in 1794 , it was home of Newton D . Baker , who was Secretary of War , during 1916-1920 , while he presided over Americas mass mobilization of men and material in World War I . After the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived here for about a year . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976 . History . The house was built in 1794 by Thomas Beall . During its early years , the house was situated on a large plot of land and was said to have had a servants wing attached to the east side . At that time N Street was known as Gay Street and was situated higher than today . In 1796 , John Laird , a wealthy merchant , lived in the house , and later Maj . George Peter , a War of 1812 commander and Maryland Congressman , purchased the house who lived there until 1827 , when the same Laird bought the house for his son . In 1834 , William Redin , the first auditor of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia , purchased it . In 1868 , Redins unmarried daughter inherited and sold the dwelling , which became the Georgetown Female Seminary . The Seminary had a student body of boarders and day students totaling 105 . In approximately 1890 , John H . Smoot bought the building and converted it back to a private residence again . In 1915 , Col . William E . Pattison French purchased the house , and began renting it to Newton D . Baker in 1916 . When Baker returned to Cleveland in 1920 , French either leased or lived in the house himself for more than two decades . During the World War II , the British military attache occupied the house and rented rooms to British officers . After the World War II , Vice Admiral Alan Kirk , later Ambassador to Belgium and to the Soviet Union , purchased the property . Three years later , Dr . E . H . Gushing bought the home along with his wife . They sold the attached servants wing as a separate residence to Mr . and Mrs . Stanley Woodward who built a new front entrance and lived in the home . The Cushings updated the main houses electrical wiring and plumbing and removed some of the interior walls therefore enlarging the living room . In 1954 , James McMillan Gibson bought the dwelling , added a small rear wing , and installed an elevator and lived there with his wife . In 1964 , Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived in it shortly after the assassination of president John F . Kennedy in 1963 . The Kennedy family lived here for about a year . In 1965 , Michael Whitney Straight purchased the home for $200,000 ( ) , from Kennedy when she moved to New York City . While living in the home , Straight married his second wife , Nina G . Auchincloss Steers in 1974 . Nina was the daughter of Nina Gore and Hugh D . Auchincloss . She was the half-sister of writer Gore Vidal and coincidentally , a stepsister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . Straight and his wife spent $125,000 ( ) renovating the home and decided to move to Bethesda , Maryland in 1976 when he was vice chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts . Straight and his wife lived in the home from until 1976 . In 1976 , Yolande Bebeze Fox , the former Miss America 1951 , bought the home from Straight . Fox lived in the home until her death in February 2016 . Architectural details . The home is considered more representative of New England architecture than other contemporary Georgetown homes . The house has many architectural details including a wide limestone stairway , pink-painted lintels with keystones , brick voussoirs , Doric pilasters , and a semi-elliptical fanlight . Resident timeline . - 1794-1796 - Thomas Beall - 1796- ? - John Laird - ?-1827 - George Peter - ?-1834 - John Lairds son - 1834-1868 - William Redin - 1868-1890 - Georgetown Female Seminary - 1890-1915 - John H . Smoot - 1915-1916 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1916-1920 - Newton D . Baker - 1920-1941 - Col . William E . Pattison French - 1941-1945 - British military attache - 1945-1948 - Vice Admiral Alan Kirk - 1948-1954 - Dr . E . H . Gushing ( who sold the old servants wing to Stanley Woodward ) - 1954-1964 - James McMillan Gibson - 1964-1965 - Jacqueline Kennedy , Caroline Kennedy , John F . Kennedy , Jr . - 1965-1976 - Michael Whitney Straight and Nina G . Auchincloss Steers - 1974-2016 - Yolande Bebeze Fox - 2017-present - David W . Hudgens , performed extensive renovations

easy

Who was Joyce Bulifant 's spouse from Nov 1958 to 1967?

/wiki/Joyce_Bulifant#P26#0

Joyce Bulifant Joyce Collins Bulifant ( born December 16 , 1937 ) is an American actress and author noted for her cheerful , girlish voice . In addition to recurring roles on television including The Mary Tyler Moore Show as Marie Slaughter , Bulifant is recognized for film roles in The Happiest Millionaire and Airplane ! and as a frequent panelist on game shows including Chain Reaction , Match Game , and Password Plus . Early years . Bulifant was born in Newport News , Virginia . She attended Solebury School in New Hope , Pennsylvania , graduating in 1955 in the same class as her first husband , James MacArthur , son of Helen Hayes and Charles MacArthur . She then studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . Theatre . Bulifants Broadway credits include Tall Story ( 1958 ) and The Paisley Convertible ( 1966 ) . She appeared in Glad Tidings , Auntie Mame , Gentlemen , The Queens! , and Under the Yum-Yum Tree . She has written and performed autobiographical shows , Life Upon the Wicked Stage and Remembering Helen Hayes with Love , about her former mother-in-law , Helen Hayes , as well as Lillian Gish . Television . Regular cast . One of Bulifants earliest roles on television was as a dancer on Arthur Murrays Dance Party ( 1950-1960 ) . She played Timmie Barnes in Too Young to Go Steady ( 1959 ) , Mary Gentry in Tom , Dick and Mary ( 1964-1965 ) , Marie Slaughter on The Mary Tyler Moore Show ( 1970-1977 ) , Peggy Wilson on Love Thy Neighbor ( 1973 ) , Lois on Its a Mans World ( 1962-1963 ) , Marsha Patterson on The Bill Cosby Show ( 1969–71 ) , Marjorie Martin on Big John , Little John ( 1976-1977 ) , and Alice Wurlitzer on The Bad News Bears ( 1979-1980 ) . She was heard as the voice of Queen Vanda on the syndicated cartoon series Sport Billy ( 1982 ) . Guest appearances . Bulifant guest starred as Jessica in Tales of Wells Fargo , episode Fraud , in 1961 , in addition to episodes of Channing , Empire , The Virginian , Bonanza , Gunsmoke , Wagon Train , Destry Rides Again , The Real McCoys , McHales Navy , Dr . Kildare , Naked City , Police Woman , My Three Sons , Love , American Style , The Facts of Life , Harper Valley P.T.A.,The Bad News Bears , Alice , Threes Company , The Joey Bishop Show , and The Donald OConnor Show . She played an intended murder victim in a 1961 episode of Boris Karloffs Thriller ( episode : An Attractive Family ) . She starred opposite her future husband , Roger Perry , in a 1962 pilot for General Electric Theater called The First Hundred Years and with Eva Le Galliene in The Play of the Weeks Therese Raquin , as well as in Mr . Lucifer , a 1963 episode of Alcoa Presents . She played innocent defendant Nancy Banks in the Perry Mason 1964 episode The Case of the Ice-Cold Hands , the second of two appearances on that show . She played Miriam Willoughby on Flo and David Spades mother on Just Shoot Me ! From 1994 to 1997 , she played Emily Wallace , the mother of her real-life son John Asher , in Weird Science . Television movies . Bulifant appeared in Hanging by a Thread , Better Late Than Never , Little Women , Charleys Aunt , and The Shining . Game shows . Bulifant appeared as a frequent guest on game shows including Name That Tune , Password , Match Game , Crosswits , Tattletales , To Tell the Truth , $25,000 Pyramid , and Decisions , hosted by David Letterman . The Brady Bunch . Bulifant was the original choice for the role of Carol Brady on ABCs The Brady Bunch , but the part ultimately went to Florence Henderson . Film . Bulifants most popular film roles were as Rosemary in the Disney live-action feature The Happiest Millionaire , in which she sang Bye-Yum Pum Pum , and in the 1980 comedy Airplane ! She has twice been directed by her son , John Asher , in Diamonds and Tooken , and appeared in a comedic short , The Haircut , opposite John Cassavetes . Recognition . Bulifant received a Theatre World Award for 1961-1962 for her performance in Whisper to Me . In 2014 , she and her husband Roger Perry were honored with a Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars in Palm Springs , California . Personal life . Bulifant has been married five times . She married James MacArthur ( November 2 , 1958 , until 1967 ; divorced ) and had two children with him , Mary MacArthur and Charles MacArthur . Bulifant next married Days of Our Lives star , Edward Mallory ( September 19 , 1969 – 1974 ; divorced ) and had one child with him , John Mallory Asher . She then married William Asher ( August 28 , 1976 – 1993 ; divorced ) and Asher adopted her son John which gave him the last name of Asher . Bulifant has a grandson , Evan Joseph Asher , from Johns marriage to Jenny McCarthy . In 2000 , Bulifant briefly married Glade Bruce Hansen ; the couple divorced in 2001 . She married Roger Perry in 2002 after he divorced his wife of many years , Jo Anne Worley . The couple remained wed until Perrys death on July 12 , 2018 . Advocacy . Bulifant discovered she had dyslexia in her 40s and has served as a longtime advocate for dyslexia research , including writing two musicals on the subject , Gifts of Greatness and Different Heroes , Different Dreams . Recipients of the Hans Christian Andersen Award , which Bulifant founded to recognize dyslexics whove made a positive contribution to society , include Stephen J . Cannell , and Whoopi Goldberg . Bulifant herself is a recipient of the 2015 Broken Glass Award from The Dyslexia Foundation . She has for many years been actively involved with the child abuse prevention non-profit Childhelp , including serving as a Celebrity Ambassador and as a vice-president on the National Board of Directors . She also advocates for autism research . Her memoir , My Four Hollywood Husbands , details the alcoholism of four of her spouses and her recovery from codependent relationships .

easy

Who was the spouse of Joyce Bulifant from Sep 1969 to 1974?

/wiki/Joyce_Bulifant#P26#1

Joyce Bulifant Joyce Collins Bulifant ( born December 16 , 1937 ) is an American actress and author noted for her cheerful , girlish voice . In addition to recurring roles on television including The Mary Tyler Moore Show as Marie Slaughter , Bulifant is recognized for film roles in The Happiest Millionaire and Airplane ! and as a frequent panelist on game shows including Chain Reaction , Match Game , and Password Plus . Early years . Bulifant was born in Newport News , Virginia . She attended Solebury School in New Hope , Pennsylvania , graduating in 1955 in the same class as her first husband , James MacArthur , son of Helen Hayes and Charles MacArthur . She then studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . Theatre . Bulifants Broadway credits include Tall Story ( 1958 ) and The Paisley Convertible ( 1966 ) . She appeared in Glad Tidings , Auntie Mame , Gentlemen , The Queens! , and Under the Yum-Yum Tree . She has written and performed autobiographical shows , Life Upon the Wicked Stage and Remembering Helen Hayes with Love , about her former mother-in-law , Helen Hayes , as well as Lillian Gish . Television . Regular cast . One of Bulifants earliest roles on television was as a dancer on Arthur Murrays Dance Party ( 1950-1960 ) . She played Timmie Barnes in Too Young to Go Steady ( 1959 ) , Mary Gentry in Tom , Dick and Mary ( 1964-1965 ) , Marie Slaughter on The Mary Tyler Moore Show ( 1970-1977 ) , Peggy Wilson on Love Thy Neighbor ( 1973 ) , Lois on Its a Mans World ( 1962-1963 ) , Marsha Patterson on The Bill Cosby Show ( 1969–71 ) , Marjorie Martin on Big John , Little John ( 1976-1977 ) , and Alice Wurlitzer on The Bad News Bears ( 1979-1980 ) . She was heard as the voice of Queen Vanda on the syndicated cartoon series Sport Billy ( 1982 ) . Guest appearances . Bulifant guest starred as Jessica in Tales of Wells Fargo , episode Fraud , in 1961 , in addition to episodes of Channing , Empire , The Virginian , Bonanza , Gunsmoke , Wagon Train , Destry Rides Again , The Real McCoys , McHales Navy , Dr . Kildare , Naked City , Police Woman , My Three Sons , Love , American Style , The Facts of Life , Harper Valley P.T.A.,The Bad News Bears , Alice , Threes Company , The Joey Bishop Show , and The Donald OConnor Show . She played an intended murder victim in a 1961 episode of Boris Karloffs Thriller ( episode : An Attractive Family ) . She starred opposite her future husband , Roger Perry , in a 1962 pilot for General Electric Theater called The First Hundred Years and with Eva Le Galliene in The Play of the Weeks Therese Raquin , as well as in Mr . Lucifer , a 1963 episode of Alcoa Presents . She played innocent defendant Nancy Banks in the Perry Mason 1964 episode The Case of the Ice-Cold Hands , the second of two appearances on that show . She played Miriam Willoughby on Flo and David Spades mother on Just Shoot Me ! From 1994 to 1997 , she played Emily Wallace , the mother of her real-life son John Asher , in Weird Science . Television movies . Bulifant appeared in Hanging by a Thread , Better Late Than Never , Little Women , Charleys Aunt , and The Shining . Game shows . Bulifant appeared as a frequent guest on game shows including Name That Tune , Password , Match Game , Crosswits , Tattletales , To Tell the Truth , $25,000 Pyramid , and Decisions , hosted by David Letterman . The Brady Bunch . Bulifant was the original choice for the role of Carol Brady on ABCs The Brady Bunch , but the part ultimately went to Florence Henderson . Film . Bulifants most popular film roles were as Rosemary in the Disney live-action feature The Happiest Millionaire , in which she sang Bye-Yum Pum Pum , and in the 1980 comedy Airplane ! She has twice been directed by her son , John Asher , in Diamonds and Tooken , and appeared in a comedic short , The Haircut , opposite John Cassavetes . Recognition . Bulifant received a Theatre World Award for 1961-1962 for her performance in Whisper to Me . In 2014 , she and her husband Roger Perry were honored with a Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars in Palm Springs , California . Personal life . Bulifant has been married five times . She married James MacArthur ( November 2 , 1958 , until 1967 ; divorced ) and had two children with him , Mary MacArthur and Charles MacArthur . Bulifant next married Days of Our Lives star , Edward Mallory ( September 19 , 1969 – 1974 ; divorced ) and had one child with him , John Mallory Asher . She then married William Asher ( August 28 , 1976 – 1993 ; divorced ) and Asher adopted her son John which gave him the last name of Asher . Bulifant has a grandson , Evan Joseph Asher , from Johns marriage to Jenny McCarthy . In 2000 , Bulifant briefly married Glade Bruce Hansen ; the couple divorced in 2001 . She married Roger Perry in 2002 after he divorced his wife of many years , Jo Anne Worley . The couple remained wed until Perrys death on July 12 , 2018 . Advocacy . Bulifant discovered she had dyslexia in her 40s and has served as a longtime advocate for dyslexia research , including writing two musicals on the subject , Gifts of Greatness and Different Heroes , Different Dreams . Recipients of the Hans Christian Andersen Award , which Bulifant founded to recognize dyslexics whove made a positive contribution to society , include Stephen J . Cannell , and Whoopi Goldberg . Bulifant herself is a recipient of the 2015 Broken Glass Award from The Dyslexia Foundation . She has for many years been actively involved with the child abuse prevention non-profit Childhelp , including serving as a Celebrity Ambassador and as a vice-president on the National Board of Directors . She also advocates for autism research . Her memoir , My Four Hollywood Husbands , details the alcoholism of four of her spouses and her recovery from codependent relationships .

easy

Who was Joyce Bulifant 's spouse from Aug 1976 to 1993?

/wiki/Joyce_Bulifant#P26#2

Joyce Bulifant Joyce Collins Bulifant ( born December 16 , 1937 ) is an American actress and author noted for her cheerful , girlish voice . In addition to recurring roles on television including The Mary Tyler Moore Show as Marie Slaughter , Bulifant is recognized for film roles in The Happiest Millionaire and Airplane ! and as a frequent panelist on game shows including Chain Reaction , Match Game , and Password Plus . Early years . Bulifant was born in Newport News , Virginia . She attended Solebury School in New Hope , Pennsylvania , graduating in 1955 in the same class as her first husband , James MacArthur , son of Helen Hayes and Charles MacArthur . She then studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . Theatre . Bulifants Broadway credits include Tall Story ( 1958 ) and The Paisley Convertible ( 1966 ) . She appeared in Glad Tidings , Auntie Mame , Gentlemen , The Queens! , and Under the Yum-Yum Tree . She has written and performed autobiographical shows , Life Upon the Wicked Stage and Remembering Helen Hayes with Love , about her former mother-in-law , Helen Hayes , as well as Lillian Gish . Television . Regular cast . One of Bulifants earliest roles on television was as a dancer on Arthur Murrays Dance Party ( 1950-1960 ) . She played Timmie Barnes in Too Young to Go Steady ( 1959 ) , Mary Gentry in Tom , Dick and Mary ( 1964-1965 ) , Marie Slaughter on The Mary Tyler Moore Show ( 1970-1977 ) , Peggy Wilson on Love Thy Neighbor ( 1973 ) , Lois on Its a Mans World ( 1962-1963 ) , Marsha Patterson on The Bill Cosby Show ( 1969–71 ) , Marjorie Martin on Big John , Little John ( 1976-1977 ) , and Alice Wurlitzer on The Bad News Bears ( 1979-1980 ) . She was heard as the voice of Queen Vanda on the syndicated cartoon series Sport Billy ( 1982 ) . Guest appearances . Bulifant guest starred as Jessica in Tales of Wells Fargo , episode Fraud , in 1961 , in addition to episodes of Channing , Empire , The Virginian , Bonanza , Gunsmoke , Wagon Train , Destry Rides Again , The Real McCoys , McHales Navy , Dr . Kildare , Naked City , Police Woman , My Three Sons , Love , American Style , The Facts of Life , Harper Valley P.T.A.,The Bad News Bears , Alice , Threes Company , The Joey Bishop Show , and The Donald OConnor Show . She played an intended murder victim in a 1961 episode of Boris Karloffs Thriller ( episode : An Attractive Family ) . She starred opposite her future husband , Roger Perry , in a 1962 pilot for General Electric Theater called The First Hundred Years and with Eva Le Galliene in The Play of the Weeks Therese Raquin , as well as in Mr . Lucifer , a 1963 episode of Alcoa Presents . She played innocent defendant Nancy Banks in the Perry Mason 1964 episode The Case of the Ice-Cold Hands , the second of two appearances on that show . She played Miriam Willoughby on Flo and David Spades mother on Just Shoot Me ! From 1994 to 1997 , she played Emily Wallace , the mother of her real-life son John Asher , in Weird Science . Television movies . Bulifant appeared in Hanging by a Thread , Better Late Than Never , Little Women , Charleys Aunt , and The Shining . Game shows . Bulifant appeared as a frequent guest on game shows including Name That Tune , Password , Match Game , Crosswits , Tattletales , To Tell the Truth , $25,000 Pyramid , and Decisions , hosted by David Letterman . The Brady Bunch . Bulifant was the original choice for the role of Carol Brady on ABCs The Brady Bunch , but the part ultimately went to Florence Henderson . Film . Bulifants most popular film roles were as Rosemary in the Disney live-action feature The Happiest Millionaire , in which she sang Bye-Yum Pum Pum , and in the 1980 comedy Airplane ! She has twice been directed by her son , John Asher , in Diamonds and Tooken , and appeared in a comedic short , The Haircut , opposite John Cassavetes . Recognition . Bulifant received a Theatre World Award for 1961-1962 for her performance in Whisper to Me . In 2014 , she and her husband Roger Perry were honored with a Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars in Palm Springs , California . Personal life . Bulifant has been married five times . She married James MacArthur ( November 2 , 1958 , until 1967 ; divorced ) and had two children with him , Mary MacArthur and Charles MacArthur . Bulifant next married Days of Our Lives star , Edward Mallory ( September 19 , 1969 – 1974 ; divorced ) and had one child with him , John Mallory Asher . She then married William Asher ( August 28 , 1976 – 1993 ; divorced ) and Asher adopted her son John which gave him the last name of Asher . Bulifant has a grandson , Evan Joseph Asher , from Johns marriage to Jenny McCarthy . In 2000 , Bulifant briefly married Glade Bruce Hansen ; the couple divorced in 2001 . She married Roger Perry in 2002 after he divorced his wife of many years , Jo Anne Worley . The couple remained wed until Perrys death on July 12 , 2018 . Advocacy . Bulifant discovered she had dyslexia in her 40s and has served as a longtime advocate for dyslexia research , including writing two musicals on the subject , Gifts of Greatness and Different Heroes , Different Dreams . Recipients of the Hans Christian Andersen Award , which Bulifant founded to recognize dyslexics whove made a positive contribution to society , include Stephen J . Cannell , and Whoopi Goldberg . Bulifant herself is a recipient of the 2015 Broken Glass Award from The Dyslexia Foundation . She has for many years been actively involved with the child abuse prevention non-profit Childhelp , including serving as a Celebrity Ambassador and as a vice-president on the National Board of Directors . She also advocates for autism research . Her memoir , My Four Hollywood Husbands , details the alcoholism of four of her spouses and her recovery from codependent relationships .

easy

Who was the spouse of Joyce Bulifant from 2002 to 2003?

/wiki/Joyce_Bulifant#P26#3

Joyce Bulifant Joyce Collins Bulifant ( born December 16 , 1937 ) is an American actress and author noted for her cheerful , girlish voice . In addition to recurring roles on television including The Mary Tyler Moore Show as Marie Slaughter , Bulifant is recognized for film roles in The Happiest Millionaire and Airplane ! and as a frequent panelist on game shows including Chain Reaction , Match Game , and Password Plus . Early years . Bulifant was born in Newport News , Virginia . She attended Solebury School in New Hope , Pennsylvania , graduating in 1955 in the same class as her first husband , James MacArthur , son of Helen Hayes and Charles MacArthur . She then studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . Theatre . Bulifants Broadway credits include Tall Story ( 1958 ) and The Paisley Convertible ( 1966 ) . She appeared in Glad Tidings , Auntie Mame , Gentlemen , The Queens! , and Under the Yum-Yum Tree . She has written and performed autobiographical shows , Life Upon the Wicked Stage and Remembering Helen Hayes with Love , about her former mother-in-law , Helen Hayes , as well as Lillian Gish . Television . Regular cast . One of Bulifants earliest roles on television was as a dancer on Arthur Murrays Dance Party ( 1950-1960 ) . She played Timmie Barnes in Too Young to Go Steady ( 1959 ) , Mary Gentry in Tom , Dick and Mary ( 1964-1965 ) , Marie Slaughter on The Mary Tyler Moore Show ( 1970-1977 ) , Peggy Wilson on Love Thy Neighbor ( 1973 ) , Lois on Its a Mans World ( 1962-1963 ) , Marsha Patterson on The Bill Cosby Show ( 1969–71 ) , Marjorie Martin on Big John , Little John ( 1976-1977 ) , and Alice Wurlitzer on The Bad News Bears ( 1979-1980 ) . She was heard as the voice of Queen Vanda on the syndicated cartoon series Sport Billy ( 1982 ) . Guest appearances . Bulifant guest starred as Jessica in Tales of Wells Fargo , episode Fraud , in 1961 , in addition to episodes of Channing , Empire , The Virginian , Bonanza , Gunsmoke , Wagon Train , Destry Rides Again , The Real McCoys , McHales Navy , Dr . Kildare , Naked City , Police Woman , My Three Sons , Love , American Style , The Facts of Life , Harper Valley P.T.A.,The Bad News Bears , Alice , Threes Company , The Joey Bishop Show , and The Donald OConnor Show . She played an intended murder victim in a 1961 episode of Boris Karloffs Thriller ( episode : An Attractive Family ) . She starred opposite her future husband , Roger Perry , in a 1962 pilot for General Electric Theater called The First Hundred Years and with Eva Le Galliene in The Play of the Weeks Therese Raquin , as well as in Mr . Lucifer , a 1963 episode of Alcoa Presents . She played innocent defendant Nancy Banks in the Perry Mason 1964 episode The Case of the Ice-Cold Hands , the second of two appearances on that show . She played Miriam Willoughby on Flo and David Spades mother on Just Shoot Me ! From 1994 to 1997 , she played Emily Wallace , the mother of her real-life son John Asher , in Weird Science . Television movies . Bulifant appeared in Hanging by a Thread , Better Late Than Never , Little Women , Charleys Aunt , and The Shining . Game shows . Bulifant appeared as a frequent guest on game shows including Name That Tune , Password , Match Game , Crosswits , Tattletales , To Tell the Truth , $25,000 Pyramid , and Decisions , hosted by David Letterman . The Brady Bunch . Bulifant was the original choice for the role of Carol Brady on ABCs The Brady Bunch , but the part ultimately went to Florence Henderson . Film . Bulifants most popular film roles were as Rosemary in the Disney live-action feature The Happiest Millionaire , in which she sang Bye-Yum Pum Pum , and in the 1980 comedy Airplane ! She has twice been directed by her son , John Asher , in Diamonds and Tooken , and appeared in a comedic short , The Haircut , opposite John Cassavetes . Recognition . Bulifant received a Theatre World Award for 1961-1962 for her performance in Whisper to Me . In 2014 , she and her husband Roger Perry were honored with a Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars in Palm Springs , California . Personal life . Bulifant has been married five times . She married James MacArthur ( November 2 , 1958 , until 1967 ; divorced ) and had two children with him , Mary MacArthur and Charles MacArthur . Bulifant next married Days of Our Lives star , Edward Mallory ( September 19 , 1969 – 1974 ; divorced ) and had one child with him , John Mallory Asher . She then married William Asher ( August 28 , 1976 – 1993 ; divorced ) and Asher adopted her son John which gave him the last name of Asher . Bulifant has a grandson , Evan Joseph Asher , from Johns marriage to Jenny McCarthy . In 2000 , Bulifant briefly married Glade Bruce Hansen ; the couple divorced in 2001 . She married Roger Perry in 2002 after he divorced his wife of many years , Jo Anne Worley . The couple remained wed until Perrys death on July 12 , 2018 . Advocacy . Bulifant discovered she had dyslexia in her 40s and has served as a longtime advocate for dyslexia research , including writing two musicals on the subject , Gifts of Greatness and Different Heroes , Different Dreams . Recipients of the Hans Christian Andersen Award , which Bulifant founded to recognize dyslexics whove made a positive contribution to society , include Stephen J . Cannell , and Whoopi Goldberg . Bulifant herself is a recipient of the 2015 Broken Glass Award from The Dyslexia Foundation . She has for many years been actively involved with the child abuse prevention non-profit Childhelp , including serving as a Celebrity Ambassador and as a vice-president on the National Board of Directors . She also advocates for autism research . Her memoir , My Four Hollywood Husbands , details the alcoholism of four of her spouses and her recovery from codependent relationships .

easy

Which school did Muhammad Rizieq Shihab go to from 1989 to 1990?

/wiki/Muhammad_Rizieq_Shihab#P69#0

Muhammad Rizieq Shihab Muhammad Rizieq Shihab ( , ; also known as Habib Rizieq ; born 24 August 1965 ) is an Indonesian hardline Islamist scholar , the founder and leader of the Islamist group Islamic Defenders Front ( , abbreviated as FPI ) , which was banned by the government in December 2020 . Facing criminal charges in Indonesia , he lived in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia from 2017 to November 2020 . Following his return to Indonesia , he was arrested in late 2020 , accused of criminal incitement for holding crowded events that violated coronavirus health protocols . Biography . Early life . Rizieq was born in Jakarta on 24 August 1965 to Husein bin Shihab and Syarifah Sidah Alatas . Both his parents were Arab Indonesians of mixed Hadhrami and Betawi heritage . His father was Sayyid Husein bin Muhammad bin Husein bin Abdullah bin Husein bin Muhammad bin Shaikh bin Muhammad Shihab , born around 1920 , a cofounder of Pandu Arab Indonesia Movement , a boy scouts-like movement for Arab Indonesians founded with his friends in 1937 ( which later became PII or Islamic Scouting Organization of Indonesia. ) His father died in 1966 when Rizieq was 11 months old , and because of that Rizieq was not put in boarding school . At the age of 4 , he continued his education in the Quran at mosques . As a single parent , his mother worked as a tailor and bridal makeup artist . Education . After graduating from SDN 1 ( Public Elementary School No.1 ) Petamburan , Tanah Abang , Jakarta in 1975 , Rizieq commenced junior high school at SMP 40 ( Public Middle School No.40 ) in Pejompongan , Central Jakarta in 1976 . However , the school was too far from his home so he transferred to a closer school , Bethel Christian Middle School in Petamburan , and graduated in 1979 . He then attended SMAN 4 high school in Gambir , but graduated from the Islamic Village High School in Tangerang in 1982 . Furthermore , he took Arabic classes at LIPIA in Jakarta . Considered by neighbors to be a troublesome youth with a penchant for getting into fights , his family sent Rizieq to Saudi Arabia in 1990 to study at King Saud University , majoring in Usul al-fiqh and Education , which he completed in four years with Cum Laude . Rizieq took a graduate program at the International Islamic University Malaysia , but only for one year , after which he returned to Indonesia before finishing . This was because his scholarship funding was only adequate for him , not his whole family , to stay in Malaysia . Later , he was able to continue his education and earned an MA degree in Shariah from the same university in 2008 with a thesis titled Pengaruh Pancasila terhadap Pelaksanaan Syariat Islam di Indonesia ( The Influence of Pancasila on the Implementation of Islamic Laws in Indonesia ) . In 2012 , he returned to Malaysia and was admitted to a doctoral program in Dawah and Management program at Fakulti Kepemimpinan dan Pengurusan ( Faculty of Leadership and Administration ) at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia ( USIM ) , and started working on his dissertation titled مناهج التميز بين الأصول والفروع عند أهل السنة والجماعة ( The Distinction of Origins and Branches of Ahl Sunnah wa al-Jamaah ) under supervision of Prof . Dr . Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjuni and Dr . Ahmed Abdul Malek of Nigeria . Rizieq completed and earned his doctoral degree on 15 April 2021 while he was still in jail . Personal life . Rizieq is a Sayyid with his clan Shihab ( or Shihabuddin Aal bin Syech ) lineage tracing back to Imam Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib through Imam Ahmad al-Muhajir . Meanwhile , his wife is also of a Sayyid family from Aal bin Yahya . Rizieq and his family lived in Jakartas Tanah Abang market district until moving to Saudi Arabia in 2017 . They returned to Indonesia in November 2020 . To make ends meet , Rizieq owned and operated a small store selling perfume and Muslim goods . He is married to Fadlun bin Yahya and has seven children , who were all schooled at Jamiat Kheir . Career . Rizieq worked as a high school teacher for about one year in Saudi Arabia after he finished his undergraduate study , before returning to Indonesia in 1992 . In addition to giving religious lectures , Rizieq served as the principal of Madrasah Aliyah at Jamiat Kheir until 1996 . He also taught Fiqh or Usul al-Fiqh at the school after his period as principal . His organizational experience began when he joined Jamiat Kheir . He was a member of the Chamber of Shariah at BPRS At-Taqwa , Tangerang . Before becoming head of FPI , he chaired a number of Majelis Talim ( places where religious lectures take place ) around Jakarta suburbs . Rizieq declared the establishment of FPI on 17 August 1998 . FPI gained notoriety for the Ketapang incident , which occurred in Jakarta over 22-23 November 1998 , when about 200 FPI members attacked Ambonese Catholics , brutally killing 14 people . A number of residential houses and at least 13 churches were burned or attacked during the unrest . Rizieq was jailed for seven months in 2003 for inciting his young , white-shirted followers , who often would hide their faces bandit-style behind handkerchiefs , to attack nightspots in Jakarta with clubs and stones . On 5 October 2008 , Rizieq was jailed for one and half years due to a violent attack against the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith ( Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan , AKKBB ) which was holding a demonstration at Monas on 5 June 2008 . Some 59 FPI members were arrested and 12 members of AKKBB were injured . Rizieq was the head of FPI from 1998 to 2003 , and since 2003 has chaired the groups Executive Board Tanfidz . He was elected Great Imam of FPI for life in 2013 . Views . As declared on his FPI website , Rizieq and FPIs stances regarding the ISIS are : 1 . The FPI remains steadfast in struggling to apply Shariah laws in the Homeland through within the guidelines of Shariah and the Constitution . 2 . The FPI remains a faithful supporter of the Islamic Jihad Movement around the world , in the fight against all forms of unjust global hegemony ( New Imperialism ) that stand against the establishment of the World Islamic Caliphate as referred in the Manhaj Nubuwwah ( The Prophets Way ) . 3 . The FPI strongly renounces all forms of warfare and sectarian violence in the name of Jihad among Muslims arising from differences in mazhab ( school of thoughts ) which are not fundamental issues in Islamic Theology ( ʿAqīdah ) . 4 . The FPI calls the whole Islamic Jihad movements to unite and work together in carrying out Shariah-based jihad without killing or mutilating civilians who are not involved in the war , whatever their Mazhab or religion is . 5 . The FPI supports the appeal and advice of the al-Qaeda Leader Ayman al-Zawahiri that all Jihad components of Al-Qaeda , either Muhammad al-Jawlanis forces in Syria and troops of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in Iraq , as well as other Jihad components of Al-Qaeda , to unite and in brotherhood with all other brothers of the Islamic Mujahideen around the world , to continue the Jihad in Syria , Iraq , Palestine and other oppressed Muslim countries . Rizieq said : In response to a controversial book with the title Mulia dengan Manhaj Salaf ( Being Noble with Manhaj Salaf ) written by Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas and published by the Pustaka At Taqwa , he says : I am concerned about the presence of this book . If we open the chapter thirteenth which is the last chapter , here the author mentions several firqahs ( sects ) considered as misguided ( considered as infidels ) and misleading , such as the list item number eight mentions Asharites , the list item number nine includes Maturidiyyah . The number fourteen or thirteen includes sufism , number fourteen includes Tablighis , number fifteen includes Muslim Brotherhood , number seventeen includes Hizbut Tahrir , and the list item number twenty-seventh includes Jaringan Islam Liberal ( JIL ) . So Ashari and Maturidi , which representing Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah , are included in the group along with the misguided JIL which in fact is misleading . Even with the ease he said that Tablighi and the Muslim Brotherhood also go astray . Is this not the sort of divisive race ? If the author wants to disseminate his own respective ideologies , that is up to him . If he believes his Aqidah is the correct Aqidah , that is his business . If he feels his opinion is the most correct opinion , that is also his own business . But if he claims other Muslims groups are infidels , he has no right . Such book divides people . If the author feels his Wahhabism doctrine is the most correct one and he is the pure , that is his right . He calls himself a follower of Salafi or in Indonesia known as the term Wahhabi . If he thinks he is the most holy , it is his right . If he thinks he is the most straight , that is also his right . But he has no right to call other fellow Muslim groups as gone astray , pagans or infidels . Moreover , the adherent Muslims of the Ashari and Maturidi have been around for over 1000 years as the representatives of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah , while the Wahhabism is just born yesterday ( recently ) , but yet continuously wants to call Asharites as infidels . Indeed , during this more than 1000 years who have been actually called as the ( truly ) Ahlus Sunnah ? For 1000 years Ashari and Maturidi have been the ones called Ahlus Sunnah . Wahhabism is not in the list . It has just emerged recently , but yet it wants to judge other Muslim sects who do not agree with it as misguided Muslims . He also stated that Indonesia , Malaysia and Brunei , as states with the large majority of the population are of Ashari must also have a law forbidding the spread of Wahhabism . He has been also accused by Wahhabi-affiliated news media as a Shiite , because he does not want to say that all Shia Muslims are led astray , although he also says that the spread of Shia should be limited or even forbidden . Israel-Palestinian conflict . Rizieq is an ardent supporter of Palestine in the decades-long conflict against Israeli occupation . In 2003 , he said he was recruiting jihadist troops to seize control of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem , saying , If we could send [ jihadist ] soldiers for Afghanistan , why not for Palestine ? He criticized Muslim nations for only uttering rhetoric to condemn Israel without making real sacrifices to protect their suffering fellow Muslims in Palestine . Rizieq and FPI have solicited donations to help Palestinians in the occupied territories and to provide financial support to groups intending to fight for Palestinian independence . Hostility against Ahmadiyyah . One of Rizieq Shihabs campaigns openly called for hostility against Ahmadis:We call on the Muslim community . Let us go to war with Ahmadiyyah ! Kill Ahmadiyyah wherever they are!.. . And , if they talk about human rights ? Human rights are satanic ! Human rights are crap!...If they want to know who is responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah , it is I ; it is FPI and others from the Muslim community who are responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah ! Say that Sobri Lubis ordered it , that Habib Rizieq and FPI ordered it ! Hostility against pluralism . In an article posted on official Islamic Defenders Front website titled True Mumin he wrote that muslims should reject pluralism , secularism , acceptance of LGBT , zina , pornography , and voting for non-muslim leaders even when its allowed by constitution . He wrote:True Mumin must reject secularism , pluralism , liberalism , LGBT , apostasy , heresy , shamanism , corruption , khamr , drugs , gambling , prostitution , adultery , pornography , pornoaction , injustice , tyranny , immorality , evilness , and leadership of a kafir over muslims , even when the constitution permits it because Quran and sunnah forbid it . Legal issues . - In 2003 , Rizieq insulted Indonesias National Police during a live interview with SCTV and TransTV . - In 2003 , Rizieq was sentenced to seven months in prison for disturbing public order by ordering the FPI to ransack and destroy several Jakarta nightlife venues . He served his sentence at Salemba Penitentiary . - In 2008 , Rizieq was imprisoned for one and a half years for assaulting members of the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith ( Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan ) during their convention at National Monument square . - In 2009 , Rizieq insulted former president Abdurrahman Wahid during a live interview with TVOne . - In early November 2015 , Rizieq was reported for insulting Sundanese people by changing the Sundanese greeting of sampurasun to Campur Racun ( mix with poison ) . - As a supporter of former general Prabowo Subiantos failed campaigns in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election and 2019 Indonesian presidential election , Rizieq has been a vocal opponent of President Joko Widodo . In 2015 , Rizieq made a speech allegedly containing hate speech that insulted Jokowi . - In January 2017 , police declared Rizieq a suspect in a case of slander against Pancasila , Indonesias state ideology . - In January 2017 , the FPI called for the withdrawal of Indonesias rupiah banknotes , accusing Bank Indonesia of concealing the communist hammer-and-sickle symbol in the currency . The allegation was rejected , as the symbol is a rectoverso security feature showing Bank Indonesias logo . The FPI was accused of stirring public unrest , slandering Bank Indonesia and the government , and insulting the rupiah , the national currency being a state symbol and protected under law . - On 30 December 2020 , when the government disbanded FPI , authorities released a video showing Rizieq in 2014 pledging his and FPIs allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIS ) and support for an ISIS-style caliphate . The video , touted as proof of links to terror groups , was cited as one of reasons for FPIs disbandment . Self-imposed exile and return . On 26 April 2017 , Rizieq left Indonesia for Saudi Arabia on a visa to perform a minor pilgrimage ( umroh ) . His departure came after he was summoned by police as a witness for questioning over alleged pornography involving the exchange of graphic messages and nude photos with a woman named Firza Hussein . On 29 May 2017 , police named Shihab a suspect under the 2006 Anti-Pornography Act , a law he helped pass . Rizieq was also charged with insulting Indonesias Pancasila state ideology , which he had derisively called pantat ( buttocks ) . In September 2018 , the Indonesian Embassy in Saudi Arabia said Rizieq had overstayed his visa and lacked a valid permit to remain in the country . The statement came after he was reportedly questioned and detained by Saudi Arabian police because an ISIL flag was allegedly flown at his home . A month later , Saudi Arabias ambassador to Indonesia said Rizieq had not violated any laws in Saudi Arabia . In 2019 , Indonesian National Police dropped the two cases against Rizieq , citing a lack of evidence . In 29 December 2020 , Indonesian court overturned the police decision about the pornographic chat case , demanding the National Police to continue their investigation , and declaring that the decision to stop the investigation is unlawful . In December 2019 , Rizieq claimed the Indonesian government was preventing him from returning to Indonesia — a claim denied by the Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia . On 10 November 2020 , Rizieq returned from Saudi Arabia . The Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia said Shihab was deported for violating Saudi Arabias immigration law . Previously , Rizieq had threatened to sue anyone who accused him of breaking the immigration law . Post-return controversies . Ignoring government regulations on COVID-19 health protocols for social distancing , thousands of Rizieqs supporters went to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport to welcome him home on 10 November 2020 , creating traffic jams and delaying multiple flights . Many of his supporters did not wear masks . Rizieq called on the crowd to carry out a moral revolution . Rizieq reiterated his call for a moral revolution while addressing events that attracted crowds around his home in Jakartas Petamburan neighborhood , and also at Megamendung district in Bogor regency . On 14 November , Rizieq celebrated the marriage of his daughter in conjunction with a celebration of the Prophet Muhammads birthday , attracting a crowd of around 10,000 people who did not adhere to social distancing . On 16 November 2020 , Jakarta Police chief Nana Sudjana and West Java Police chief Rudy Sufahradi Novianti were fired for their failure to enforce COVID-19 health protocols . The Indonesian military , police and public order officials subsequently removed around 900 banners of Rizieq that been erected around Jakarta . Members of the public responded by sending floral congratulatory boards to Jakarta Military Headquarters . At least 80 people who attended the events held by Rizieq later tested positive to COVID-19 . Among the high-profile figures who tested positive for the virus after meeting Rizieq were Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan , Jakarta Deputy Governor Ahmad Riza Patria , and Depok mayoral candidate Muhammad Idris . Health authorities were concerned that Rizieqs gatherings were creating new clusters of COVID-19 and wanted to test him for the virus , but he refused to undergo a swab test . He later checked into Rumah Sakit UMMI in Bogor , West Java , claiming tiredness after a long journey after police said they may summon him over the gatherings . He sparked controversy by leaving the hospital from a back door . Shihab was swab-tested by MER-C , a human rights organization , which declined to reveal the result . Indonesias COVID-19 Task Force said that while Indonesian law protects the privacy of patients , the result of any swab test should be disclosed to the proper authorities in the interest of contact tracing . Later during his trial on the charge of refusing to be swab tested , the prosecutor stated that his test result is positive . On 2 December 2020 , Rizieq apologized for the crowds at four of his gatherings and said he would pay a Rp50 million fine imposed by the Jakarta administration . Jakarta Police had intended to question Rizieq and his son-in-law at 10:00am on 7 December 2020 . However , earlier that morning , Rizieq and members of his family were reportedly being driven at about 12:30am to attend a pre-dawn prayer meeting , escorted by two cars of bodyguards . A car with undercover police followed the group on Jakarta-Cikampek toll road and was allegedly boxed in by the vehicles of Rizieqs bodyguards , who then allegedly shot at the police and attacked them with sharp weapons . Police responded by shooting dead six of Rizieqs bodyguards , while four fled . Police alleged that Rizieqs guards had started the shootout by firing three shots at the officers . FPI said Rizieq was assaulted and shot at by unknown groups , and that six of its members were kidnapped by an unknown group . FPI secretary general Munarman denied the FPI members had been carrying guns or sharp weapons . Legislators and human rights activists called for an independent investigation into the killings . 2021 trial . Police on 10 December 2020 charged Rizieq with incitement of criminal acts and obstructing law enforcement for holding mass gatherings at Petamburan that breached COVID-19 health protocols . On 12 December , he was arrested and questioned by police , who said he would be detained for 20 days . On 30 December , the police announced that his detention would be extended until 1 February 2021 . Rizieq was to have gone on trial at East Jakarta District Court on 15 March 2021 for alleged violation of COVID-19 health protocols and refusing to be swab-tested , but the online hearing was postponed because a technical problem prevented the defendant from hearing the presiding judge . On 16 March , by which time the technical problem had been resolved , one of Rizieqs lawyers , Munarman , said the defense team would not participate in an online trial . He asked the team of lawyers to leave the courtroom . Rizieq , who was linked to the online trial via a live stream from the Criminal Investigation Unit of the National Police , joined the walkout , declaring he would not attend an online trial . On 19 March , the presiding judge , Suparman Nyompa , said Rizieqs request to be tried in person at East Jakarta District Court could not be granted because his presence would attract a large crowd of supporters . He said an online trial is of equal validity to a regular trial . After the prosecutor read out the indictment , Rizieq ignored questions from the judges and instead prayed and recited from the Quran . Following Rizieqs refusal to cooperate , the presiding judge on 23 March said that in order for the trial to run smoothly , it would be held offline . Publications . - Hancurkan Liberalisme , Tegakkan Syariat Islam ( Destroy Liberalism , Establish Islamic Sharia ) , 2011 . - Wawasan Kebangsaan Menuju NKRI Bersyariah ( National Insight towards the Sharia-based NKRI ) , 2012 . - Dialog FPI , Amar Maruf Nahi Munkar . - The collection of Salawat . Awards and honors . On 19 March 2009 , Habib Rizieq was crowned by the self-proclaimed Sultan Sulu Ismael Kiram II as the Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Sulu with title Datu Paduka Maulana Syari Sulu ( DPMSS ) . External links . - FPI Website - Muhammad Rizieq Shihab profile

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Muhammad Rizieq Shihab went to which school from 1990 to 2012?

/wiki/Muhammad_Rizieq_Shihab#P69#1

Muhammad Rizieq Shihab Muhammad Rizieq Shihab ( , ; also known as Habib Rizieq ; born 24 August 1965 ) is an Indonesian hardline Islamist scholar , the founder and leader of the Islamist group Islamic Defenders Front ( , abbreviated as FPI ) , which was banned by the government in December 2020 . Facing criminal charges in Indonesia , he lived in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia from 2017 to November 2020 . Following his return to Indonesia , he was arrested in late 2020 , accused of criminal incitement for holding crowded events that violated coronavirus health protocols . Biography . Early life . Rizieq was born in Jakarta on 24 August 1965 to Husein bin Shihab and Syarifah Sidah Alatas . Both his parents were Arab Indonesians of mixed Hadhrami and Betawi heritage . His father was Sayyid Husein bin Muhammad bin Husein bin Abdullah bin Husein bin Muhammad bin Shaikh bin Muhammad Shihab , born around 1920 , a cofounder of Pandu Arab Indonesia Movement , a boy scouts-like movement for Arab Indonesians founded with his friends in 1937 ( which later became PII or Islamic Scouting Organization of Indonesia. ) His father died in 1966 when Rizieq was 11 months old , and because of that Rizieq was not put in boarding school . At the age of 4 , he continued his education in the Quran at mosques . As a single parent , his mother worked as a tailor and bridal makeup artist . Education . After graduating from SDN 1 ( Public Elementary School No.1 ) Petamburan , Tanah Abang , Jakarta in 1975 , Rizieq commenced junior high school at SMP 40 ( Public Middle School No.40 ) in Pejompongan , Central Jakarta in 1976 . However , the school was too far from his home so he transferred to a closer school , Bethel Christian Middle School in Petamburan , and graduated in 1979 . He then attended SMAN 4 high school in Gambir , but graduated from the Islamic Village High School in Tangerang in 1982 . Furthermore , he took Arabic classes at LIPIA in Jakarta . Considered by neighbors to be a troublesome youth with a penchant for getting into fights , his family sent Rizieq to Saudi Arabia in 1990 to study at King Saud University , majoring in Usul al-fiqh and Education , which he completed in four years with Cum Laude . Rizieq took a graduate program at the International Islamic University Malaysia , but only for one year , after which he returned to Indonesia before finishing . This was because his scholarship funding was only adequate for him , not his whole family , to stay in Malaysia . Later , he was able to continue his education and earned an MA degree in Shariah from the same university in 2008 with a thesis titled Pengaruh Pancasila terhadap Pelaksanaan Syariat Islam di Indonesia ( The Influence of Pancasila on the Implementation of Islamic Laws in Indonesia ) . In 2012 , he returned to Malaysia and was admitted to a doctoral program in Dawah and Management program at Fakulti Kepemimpinan dan Pengurusan ( Faculty of Leadership and Administration ) at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia ( USIM ) , and started working on his dissertation titled مناهج التميز بين الأصول والفروع عند أهل السنة والجماعة ( The Distinction of Origins and Branches of Ahl Sunnah wa al-Jamaah ) under supervision of Prof . Dr . Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjuni and Dr . Ahmed Abdul Malek of Nigeria . Rizieq completed and earned his doctoral degree on 15 April 2021 while he was still in jail . Personal life . Rizieq is a Sayyid with his clan Shihab ( or Shihabuddin Aal bin Syech ) lineage tracing back to Imam Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib through Imam Ahmad al-Muhajir . Meanwhile , his wife is also of a Sayyid family from Aal bin Yahya . Rizieq and his family lived in Jakartas Tanah Abang market district until moving to Saudi Arabia in 2017 . They returned to Indonesia in November 2020 . To make ends meet , Rizieq owned and operated a small store selling perfume and Muslim goods . He is married to Fadlun bin Yahya and has seven children , who were all schooled at Jamiat Kheir . Career . Rizieq worked as a high school teacher for about one year in Saudi Arabia after he finished his undergraduate study , before returning to Indonesia in 1992 . In addition to giving religious lectures , Rizieq served as the principal of Madrasah Aliyah at Jamiat Kheir until 1996 . He also taught Fiqh or Usul al-Fiqh at the school after his period as principal . His organizational experience began when he joined Jamiat Kheir . He was a member of the Chamber of Shariah at BPRS At-Taqwa , Tangerang . Before becoming head of FPI , he chaired a number of Majelis Talim ( places where religious lectures take place ) around Jakarta suburbs . Rizieq declared the establishment of FPI on 17 August 1998 . FPI gained notoriety for the Ketapang incident , which occurred in Jakarta over 22-23 November 1998 , when about 200 FPI members attacked Ambonese Catholics , brutally killing 14 people . A number of residential houses and at least 13 churches were burned or attacked during the unrest . Rizieq was jailed for seven months in 2003 for inciting his young , white-shirted followers , who often would hide their faces bandit-style behind handkerchiefs , to attack nightspots in Jakarta with clubs and stones . On 5 October 2008 , Rizieq was jailed for one and half years due to a violent attack against the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith ( Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan , AKKBB ) which was holding a demonstration at Monas on 5 June 2008 . Some 59 FPI members were arrested and 12 members of AKKBB were injured . Rizieq was the head of FPI from 1998 to 2003 , and since 2003 has chaired the groups Executive Board Tanfidz . He was elected Great Imam of FPI for life in 2013 . Views . As declared on his FPI website , Rizieq and FPIs stances regarding the ISIS are : 1 . The FPI remains steadfast in struggling to apply Shariah laws in the Homeland through within the guidelines of Shariah and the Constitution . 2 . The FPI remains a faithful supporter of the Islamic Jihad Movement around the world , in the fight against all forms of unjust global hegemony ( New Imperialism ) that stand against the establishment of the World Islamic Caliphate as referred in the Manhaj Nubuwwah ( The Prophets Way ) . 3 . The FPI strongly renounces all forms of warfare and sectarian violence in the name of Jihad among Muslims arising from differences in mazhab ( school of thoughts ) which are not fundamental issues in Islamic Theology ( ʿAqīdah ) . 4 . The FPI calls the whole Islamic Jihad movements to unite and work together in carrying out Shariah-based jihad without killing or mutilating civilians who are not involved in the war , whatever their Mazhab or religion is . 5 . The FPI supports the appeal and advice of the al-Qaeda Leader Ayman al-Zawahiri that all Jihad components of Al-Qaeda , either Muhammad al-Jawlanis forces in Syria and troops of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in Iraq , as well as other Jihad components of Al-Qaeda , to unite and in brotherhood with all other brothers of the Islamic Mujahideen around the world , to continue the Jihad in Syria , Iraq , Palestine and other oppressed Muslim countries . Rizieq said : In response to a controversial book with the title Mulia dengan Manhaj Salaf ( Being Noble with Manhaj Salaf ) written by Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas and published by the Pustaka At Taqwa , he says : I am concerned about the presence of this book . If we open the chapter thirteenth which is the last chapter , here the author mentions several firqahs ( sects ) considered as misguided ( considered as infidels ) and misleading , such as the list item number eight mentions Asharites , the list item number nine includes Maturidiyyah . The number fourteen or thirteen includes sufism , number fourteen includes Tablighis , number fifteen includes Muslim Brotherhood , number seventeen includes Hizbut Tahrir , and the list item number twenty-seventh includes Jaringan Islam Liberal ( JIL ) . So Ashari and Maturidi , which representing Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah , are included in the group along with the misguided JIL which in fact is misleading . Even with the ease he said that Tablighi and the Muslim Brotherhood also go astray . Is this not the sort of divisive race ? If the author wants to disseminate his own respective ideologies , that is up to him . If he believes his Aqidah is the correct Aqidah , that is his business . If he feels his opinion is the most correct opinion , that is also his own business . But if he claims other Muslims groups are infidels , he has no right . Such book divides people . If the author feels his Wahhabism doctrine is the most correct one and he is the pure , that is his right . He calls himself a follower of Salafi or in Indonesia known as the term Wahhabi . If he thinks he is the most holy , it is his right . If he thinks he is the most straight , that is also his right . But he has no right to call other fellow Muslim groups as gone astray , pagans or infidels . Moreover , the adherent Muslims of the Ashari and Maturidi have been around for over 1000 years as the representatives of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah , while the Wahhabism is just born yesterday ( recently ) , but yet continuously wants to call Asharites as infidels . Indeed , during this more than 1000 years who have been actually called as the ( truly ) Ahlus Sunnah ? For 1000 years Ashari and Maturidi have been the ones called Ahlus Sunnah . Wahhabism is not in the list . It has just emerged recently , but yet it wants to judge other Muslim sects who do not agree with it as misguided Muslims . He also stated that Indonesia , Malaysia and Brunei , as states with the large majority of the population are of Ashari must also have a law forbidding the spread of Wahhabism . He has been also accused by Wahhabi-affiliated news media as a Shiite , because he does not want to say that all Shia Muslims are led astray , although he also says that the spread of Shia should be limited or even forbidden . Israel-Palestinian conflict . Rizieq is an ardent supporter of Palestine in the decades-long conflict against Israeli occupation . In 2003 , he said he was recruiting jihadist troops to seize control of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem , saying , If we could send [ jihadist ] soldiers for Afghanistan , why not for Palestine ? He criticized Muslim nations for only uttering rhetoric to condemn Israel without making real sacrifices to protect their suffering fellow Muslims in Palestine . Rizieq and FPI have solicited donations to help Palestinians in the occupied territories and to provide financial support to groups intending to fight for Palestinian independence . Hostility against Ahmadiyyah . One of Rizieq Shihabs campaigns openly called for hostility against Ahmadis:We call on the Muslim community . Let us go to war with Ahmadiyyah ! Kill Ahmadiyyah wherever they are!.. . And , if they talk about human rights ? Human rights are satanic ! Human rights are crap!...If they want to know who is responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah , it is I ; it is FPI and others from the Muslim community who are responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah ! Say that Sobri Lubis ordered it , that Habib Rizieq and FPI ordered it ! Hostility against pluralism . In an article posted on official Islamic Defenders Front website titled True Mumin he wrote that muslims should reject pluralism , secularism , acceptance of LGBT , zina , pornography , and voting for non-muslim leaders even when its allowed by constitution . He wrote:True Mumin must reject secularism , pluralism , liberalism , LGBT , apostasy , heresy , shamanism , corruption , khamr , drugs , gambling , prostitution , adultery , pornography , pornoaction , injustice , tyranny , immorality , evilness , and leadership of a kafir over muslims , even when the constitution permits it because Quran and sunnah forbid it . Legal issues . - In 2003 , Rizieq insulted Indonesias National Police during a live interview with SCTV and TransTV . - In 2003 , Rizieq was sentenced to seven months in prison for disturbing public order by ordering the FPI to ransack and destroy several Jakarta nightlife venues . He served his sentence at Salemba Penitentiary . - In 2008 , Rizieq was imprisoned for one and a half years for assaulting members of the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith ( Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan ) during their convention at National Monument square . - In 2009 , Rizieq insulted former president Abdurrahman Wahid during a live interview with TVOne . - In early November 2015 , Rizieq was reported for insulting Sundanese people by changing the Sundanese greeting of sampurasun to Campur Racun ( mix with poison ) . - As a supporter of former general Prabowo Subiantos failed campaigns in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election and 2019 Indonesian presidential election , Rizieq has been a vocal opponent of President Joko Widodo . In 2015 , Rizieq made a speech allegedly containing hate speech that insulted Jokowi . - In January 2017 , police declared Rizieq a suspect in a case of slander against Pancasila , Indonesias state ideology . - In January 2017 , the FPI called for the withdrawal of Indonesias rupiah banknotes , accusing Bank Indonesia of concealing the communist hammer-and-sickle symbol in the currency . The allegation was rejected , as the symbol is a rectoverso security feature showing Bank Indonesias logo . The FPI was accused of stirring public unrest , slandering Bank Indonesia and the government , and insulting the rupiah , the national currency being a state symbol and protected under law . - On 30 December 2020 , when the government disbanded FPI , authorities released a video showing Rizieq in 2014 pledging his and FPIs allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIS ) and support for an ISIS-style caliphate . The video , touted as proof of links to terror groups , was cited as one of reasons for FPIs disbandment . Self-imposed exile and return . On 26 April 2017 , Rizieq left Indonesia for Saudi Arabia on a visa to perform a minor pilgrimage ( umroh ) . His departure came after he was summoned by police as a witness for questioning over alleged pornography involving the exchange of graphic messages and nude photos with a woman named Firza Hussein . On 29 May 2017 , police named Shihab a suspect under the 2006 Anti-Pornography Act , a law he helped pass . Rizieq was also charged with insulting Indonesias Pancasila state ideology , which he had derisively called pantat ( buttocks ) . In September 2018 , the Indonesian Embassy in Saudi Arabia said Rizieq had overstayed his visa and lacked a valid permit to remain in the country . The statement came after he was reportedly questioned and detained by Saudi Arabian police because an ISIL flag was allegedly flown at his home . A month later , Saudi Arabias ambassador to Indonesia said Rizieq had not violated any laws in Saudi Arabia . In 2019 , Indonesian National Police dropped the two cases against Rizieq , citing a lack of evidence . In 29 December 2020 , Indonesian court overturned the police decision about the pornographic chat case , demanding the National Police to continue their investigation , and declaring that the decision to stop the investigation is unlawful . In December 2019 , Rizieq claimed the Indonesian government was preventing him from returning to Indonesia — a claim denied by the Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia . On 10 November 2020 , Rizieq returned from Saudi Arabia . The Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia said Shihab was deported for violating Saudi Arabias immigration law . Previously , Rizieq had threatened to sue anyone who accused him of breaking the immigration law . Post-return controversies . Ignoring government regulations on COVID-19 health protocols for social distancing , thousands of Rizieqs supporters went to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport to welcome him home on 10 November 2020 , creating traffic jams and delaying multiple flights . Many of his supporters did not wear masks . Rizieq called on the crowd to carry out a moral revolution . Rizieq reiterated his call for a moral revolution while addressing events that attracted crowds around his home in Jakartas Petamburan neighborhood , and also at Megamendung district in Bogor regency . On 14 November , Rizieq celebrated the marriage of his daughter in conjunction with a celebration of the Prophet Muhammads birthday , attracting a crowd of around 10,000 people who did not adhere to social distancing . On 16 November 2020 , Jakarta Police chief Nana Sudjana and West Java Police chief Rudy Sufahradi Novianti were fired for their failure to enforce COVID-19 health protocols . The Indonesian military , police and public order officials subsequently removed around 900 banners of Rizieq that been erected around Jakarta . Members of the public responded by sending floral congratulatory boards to Jakarta Military Headquarters . At least 80 people who attended the events held by Rizieq later tested positive to COVID-19 . Among the high-profile figures who tested positive for the virus after meeting Rizieq were Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan , Jakarta Deputy Governor Ahmad Riza Patria , and Depok mayoral candidate Muhammad Idris . Health authorities were concerned that Rizieqs gatherings were creating new clusters of COVID-19 and wanted to test him for the virus , but he refused to undergo a swab test . He later checked into Rumah Sakit UMMI in Bogor , West Java , claiming tiredness after a long journey after police said they may summon him over the gatherings . He sparked controversy by leaving the hospital from a back door . Shihab was swab-tested by MER-C , a human rights organization , which declined to reveal the result . Indonesias COVID-19 Task Force said that while Indonesian law protects the privacy of patients , the result of any swab test should be disclosed to the proper authorities in the interest of contact tracing . Later during his trial on the charge of refusing to be swab tested , the prosecutor stated that his test result is positive . On 2 December 2020 , Rizieq apologized for the crowds at four of his gatherings and said he would pay a Rp50 million fine imposed by the Jakarta administration . Jakarta Police had intended to question Rizieq and his son-in-law at 10:00am on 7 December 2020 . However , earlier that morning , Rizieq and members of his family were reportedly being driven at about 12:30am to attend a pre-dawn prayer meeting , escorted by two cars of bodyguards . A car with undercover police followed the group on Jakarta-Cikampek toll road and was allegedly boxed in by the vehicles of Rizieqs bodyguards , who then allegedly shot at the police and attacked them with sharp weapons . Police responded by shooting dead six of Rizieqs bodyguards , while four fled . Police alleged that Rizieqs guards had started the shootout by firing three shots at the officers . FPI said Rizieq was assaulted and shot at by unknown groups , and that six of its members were kidnapped by an unknown group . FPI secretary general Munarman denied the FPI members had been carrying guns or sharp weapons . Legislators and human rights activists called for an independent investigation into the killings . 2021 trial . Police on 10 December 2020 charged Rizieq with incitement of criminal acts and obstructing law enforcement for holding mass gatherings at Petamburan that breached COVID-19 health protocols . On 12 December , he was arrested and questioned by police , who said he would be detained for 20 days . On 30 December , the police announced that his detention would be extended until 1 February 2021 . Rizieq was to have gone on trial at East Jakarta District Court on 15 March 2021 for alleged violation of COVID-19 health protocols and refusing to be swab-tested , but the online hearing was postponed because a technical problem prevented the defendant from hearing the presiding judge . On 16 March , by which time the technical problem had been resolved , one of Rizieqs lawyers , Munarman , said the defense team would not participate in an online trial . He asked the team of lawyers to leave the courtroom . Rizieq , who was linked to the online trial via a live stream from the Criminal Investigation Unit of the National Police , joined the walkout , declaring he would not attend an online trial . On 19 March , the presiding judge , Suparman Nyompa , said Rizieqs request to be tried in person at East Jakarta District Court could not be granted because his presence would attract a large crowd of supporters . He said an online trial is of equal validity to a regular trial . After the prosecutor read out the indictment , Rizieq ignored questions from the judges and instead prayed and recited from the Quran . Following Rizieqs refusal to cooperate , the presiding judge on 23 March said that in order for the trial to run smoothly , it would be held offline . Publications . - Hancurkan Liberalisme , Tegakkan Syariat Islam ( Destroy Liberalism , Establish Islamic Sharia ) , 2011 . - Wawasan Kebangsaan Menuju NKRI Bersyariah ( National Insight towards the Sharia-based NKRI ) , 2012 . - Dialog FPI , Amar Maruf Nahi Munkar . - The collection of Salawat . Awards and honors . On 19 March 2009 , Habib Rizieq was crowned by the self-proclaimed Sultan Sulu Ismael Kiram II as the Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Sulu with title Datu Paduka Maulana Syari Sulu ( DPMSS ) . External links . - FPI Website - Muhammad Rizieq Shihab profile

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Which school did Muhammad Rizieq Shihab go to from 2012 to 2018?

/wiki/Muhammad_Rizieq_Shihab#P69#2

Muhammad Rizieq Shihab Muhammad Rizieq Shihab ( , ; also known as Habib Rizieq ; born 24 August 1965 ) is an Indonesian hardline Islamist scholar , the founder and leader of the Islamist group Islamic Defenders Front ( , abbreviated as FPI ) , which was banned by the government in December 2020 . Facing criminal charges in Indonesia , he lived in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia from 2017 to November 2020 . Following his return to Indonesia , he was arrested in late 2020 , accused of criminal incitement for holding crowded events that violated coronavirus health protocols . Biography . Early life . Rizieq was born in Jakarta on 24 August 1965 to Husein bin Shihab and Syarifah Sidah Alatas . Both his parents were Arab Indonesians of mixed Hadhrami and Betawi heritage . His father was Sayyid Husein bin Muhammad bin Husein bin Abdullah bin Husein bin Muhammad bin Shaikh bin Muhammad Shihab , born around 1920 , a cofounder of Pandu Arab Indonesia Movement , a boy scouts-like movement for Arab Indonesians founded with his friends in 1937 ( which later became PII or Islamic Scouting Organization of Indonesia. ) His father died in 1966 when Rizieq was 11 months old , and because of that Rizieq was not put in boarding school . At the age of 4 , he continued his education in the Quran at mosques . As a single parent , his mother worked as a tailor and bridal makeup artist . Education . After graduating from SDN 1 ( Public Elementary School No.1 ) Petamburan , Tanah Abang , Jakarta in 1975 , Rizieq commenced junior high school at SMP 40 ( Public Middle School No.40 ) in Pejompongan , Central Jakarta in 1976 . However , the school was too far from his home so he transferred to a closer school , Bethel Christian Middle School in Petamburan , and graduated in 1979 . He then attended SMAN 4 high school in Gambir , but graduated from the Islamic Village High School in Tangerang in 1982 . Furthermore , he took Arabic classes at LIPIA in Jakarta . Considered by neighbors to be a troublesome youth with a penchant for getting into fights , his family sent Rizieq to Saudi Arabia in 1990 to study at King Saud University , majoring in Usul al-fiqh and Education , which he completed in four years with Cum Laude . Rizieq took a graduate program at the International Islamic University Malaysia , but only for one year , after which he returned to Indonesia before finishing . This was because his scholarship funding was only adequate for him , not his whole family , to stay in Malaysia . Later , he was able to continue his education and earned an MA degree in Shariah from the same university in 2008 with a thesis titled Pengaruh Pancasila terhadap Pelaksanaan Syariat Islam di Indonesia ( The Influence of Pancasila on the Implementation of Islamic Laws in Indonesia ) . In 2012 , he returned to Malaysia and was admitted to a doctoral program in Dawah and Management program at Fakulti Kepemimpinan dan Pengurusan ( Faculty of Leadership and Administration ) at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia ( USIM ) , and started working on his dissertation titled مناهج التميز بين الأصول والفروع عند أهل السنة والجماعة ( The Distinction of Origins and Branches of Ahl Sunnah wa al-Jamaah ) under supervision of Prof . Dr . Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjuni and Dr . Ahmed Abdul Malek of Nigeria . Rizieq completed and earned his doctoral degree on 15 April 2021 while he was still in jail . Personal life . Rizieq is a Sayyid with his clan Shihab ( or Shihabuddin Aal bin Syech ) lineage tracing back to Imam Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib through Imam Ahmad al-Muhajir . Meanwhile , his wife is also of a Sayyid family from Aal bin Yahya . Rizieq and his family lived in Jakartas Tanah Abang market district until moving to Saudi Arabia in 2017 . They returned to Indonesia in November 2020 . To make ends meet , Rizieq owned and operated a small store selling perfume and Muslim goods . He is married to Fadlun bin Yahya and has seven children , who were all schooled at Jamiat Kheir . Career . Rizieq worked as a high school teacher for about one year in Saudi Arabia after he finished his undergraduate study , before returning to Indonesia in 1992 . In addition to giving religious lectures , Rizieq served as the principal of Madrasah Aliyah at Jamiat Kheir until 1996 . He also taught Fiqh or Usul al-Fiqh at the school after his period as principal . His organizational experience began when he joined Jamiat Kheir . He was a member of the Chamber of Shariah at BPRS At-Taqwa , Tangerang . Before becoming head of FPI , he chaired a number of Majelis Talim ( places where religious lectures take place ) around Jakarta suburbs . Rizieq declared the establishment of FPI on 17 August 1998 . FPI gained notoriety for the Ketapang incident , which occurred in Jakarta over 22-23 November 1998 , when about 200 FPI members attacked Ambonese Catholics , brutally killing 14 people . A number of residential houses and at least 13 churches were burned or attacked during the unrest . Rizieq was jailed for seven months in 2003 for inciting his young , white-shirted followers , who often would hide their faces bandit-style behind handkerchiefs , to attack nightspots in Jakarta with clubs and stones . On 5 October 2008 , Rizieq was jailed for one and half years due to a violent attack against the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith ( Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan , AKKBB ) which was holding a demonstration at Monas on 5 June 2008 . Some 59 FPI members were arrested and 12 members of AKKBB were injured . Rizieq was the head of FPI from 1998 to 2003 , and since 2003 has chaired the groups Executive Board Tanfidz . He was elected Great Imam of FPI for life in 2013 . Views . As declared on his FPI website , Rizieq and FPIs stances regarding the ISIS are : 1 . The FPI remains steadfast in struggling to apply Shariah laws in the Homeland through within the guidelines of Shariah and the Constitution . 2 . The FPI remains a faithful supporter of the Islamic Jihad Movement around the world , in the fight against all forms of unjust global hegemony ( New Imperialism ) that stand against the establishment of the World Islamic Caliphate as referred in the Manhaj Nubuwwah ( The Prophets Way ) . 3 . The FPI strongly renounces all forms of warfare and sectarian violence in the name of Jihad among Muslims arising from differences in mazhab ( school of thoughts ) which are not fundamental issues in Islamic Theology ( ʿAqīdah ) . 4 . The FPI calls the whole Islamic Jihad movements to unite and work together in carrying out Shariah-based jihad without killing or mutilating civilians who are not involved in the war , whatever their Mazhab or religion is . 5 . The FPI supports the appeal and advice of the al-Qaeda Leader Ayman al-Zawahiri that all Jihad components of Al-Qaeda , either Muhammad al-Jawlanis forces in Syria and troops of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in Iraq , as well as other Jihad components of Al-Qaeda , to unite and in brotherhood with all other brothers of the Islamic Mujahideen around the world , to continue the Jihad in Syria , Iraq , Palestine and other oppressed Muslim countries . Rizieq said : In response to a controversial book with the title Mulia dengan Manhaj Salaf ( Being Noble with Manhaj Salaf ) written by Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas and published by the Pustaka At Taqwa , he says : I am concerned about the presence of this book . If we open the chapter thirteenth which is the last chapter , here the author mentions several firqahs ( sects ) considered as misguided ( considered as infidels ) and misleading , such as the list item number eight mentions Asharites , the list item number nine includes Maturidiyyah . The number fourteen or thirteen includes sufism , number fourteen includes Tablighis , number fifteen includes Muslim Brotherhood , number seventeen includes Hizbut Tahrir , and the list item number twenty-seventh includes Jaringan Islam Liberal ( JIL ) . So Ashari and Maturidi , which representing Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah , are included in the group along with the misguided JIL which in fact is misleading . Even with the ease he said that Tablighi and the Muslim Brotherhood also go astray . Is this not the sort of divisive race ? If the author wants to disseminate his own respective ideologies , that is up to him . If he believes his Aqidah is the correct Aqidah , that is his business . If he feels his opinion is the most correct opinion , that is also his own business . But if he claims other Muslims groups are infidels , he has no right . Such book divides people . If the author feels his Wahhabism doctrine is the most correct one and he is the pure , that is his right . He calls himself a follower of Salafi or in Indonesia known as the term Wahhabi . If he thinks he is the most holy , it is his right . If he thinks he is the most straight , that is also his right . But he has no right to call other fellow Muslim groups as gone astray , pagans or infidels . Moreover , the adherent Muslims of the Ashari and Maturidi have been around for over 1000 years as the representatives of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah , while the Wahhabism is just born yesterday ( recently ) , but yet continuously wants to call Asharites as infidels . Indeed , during this more than 1000 years who have been actually called as the ( truly ) Ahlus Sunnah ? For 1000 years Ashari and Maturidi have been the ones called Ahlus Sunnah . Wahhabism is not in the list . It has just emerged recently , but yet it wants to judge other Muslim sects who do not agree with it as misguided Muslims . He also stated that Indonesia , Malaysia and Brunei , as states with the large majority of the population are of Ashari must also have a law forbidding the spread of Wahhabism . He has been also accused by Wahhabi-affiliated news media as a Shiite , because he does not want to say that all Shia Muslims are led astray , although he also says that the spread of Shia should be limited or even forbidden . Israel-Palestinian conflict . Rizieq is an ardent supporter of Palestine in the decades-long conflict against Israeli occupation . In 2003 , he said he was recruiting jihadist troops to seize control of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem , saying , If we could send [ jihadist ] soldiers for Afghanistan , why not for Palestine ? He criticized Muslim nations for only uttering rhetoric to condemn Israel without making real sacrifices to protect their suffering fellow Muslims in Palestine . Rizieq and FPI have solicited donations to help Palestinians in the occupied territories and to provide financial support to groups intending to fight for Palestinian independence . Hostility against Ahmadiyyah . One of Rizieq Shihabs campaigns openly called for hostility against Ahmadis:We call on the Muslim community . Let us go to war with Ahmadiyyah ! Kill Ahmadiyyah wherever they are!.. . And , if they talk about human rights ? Human rights are satanic ! Human rights are crap!...If they want to know who is responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah , it is I ; it is FPI and others from the Muslim community who are responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah ! Say that Sobri Lubis ordered it , that Habib Rizieq and FPI ordered it ! Hostility against pluralism . In an article posted on official Islamic Defenders Front website titled True Mumin he wrote that muslims should reject pluralism , secularism , acceptance of LGBT , zina , pornography , and voting for non-muslim leaders even when its allowed by constitution . He wrote:True Mumin must reject secularism , pluralism , liberalism , LGBT , apostasy , heresy , shamanism , corruption , khamr , drugs , gambling , prostitution , adultery , pornography , pornoaction , injustice , tyranny , immorality , evilness , and leadership of a kafir over muslims , even when the constitution permits it because Quran and sunnah forbid it . Legal issues . - In 2003 , Rizieq insulted Indonesias National Police during a live interview with SCTV and TransTV . - In 2003 , Rizieq was sentenced to seven months in prison for disturbing public order by ordering the FPI to ransack and destroy several Jakarta nightlife venues . He served his sentence at Salemba Penitentiary . - In 2008 , Rizieq was imprisoned for one and a half years for assaulting members of the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith ( Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan ) during their convention at National Monument square . - In 2009 , Rizieq insulted former president Abdurrahman Wahid during a live interview with TVOne . - In early November 2015 , Rizieq was reported for insulting Sundanese people by changing the Sundanese greeting of sampurasun to Campur Racun ( mix with poison ) . - As a supporter of former general Prabowo Subiantos failed campaigns in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election and 2019 Indonesian presidential election , Rizieq has been a vocal opponent of President Joko Widodo . In 2015 , Rizieq made a speech allegedly containing hate speech that insulted Jokowi . - In January 2017 , police declared Rizieq a suspect in a case of slander against Pancasila , Indonesias state ideology . - In January 2017 , the FPI called for the withdrawal of Indonesias rupiah banknotes , accusing Bank Indonesia of concealing the communist hammer-and-sickle symbol in the currency . The allegation was rejected , as the symbol is a rectoverso security feature showing Bank Indonesias logo . The FPI was accused of stirring public unrest , slandering Bank Indonesia and the government , and insulting the rupiah , the national currency being a state symbol and protected under law . - On 30 December 2020 , when the government disbanded FPI , authorities released a video showing Rizieq in 2014 pledging his and FPIs allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIS ) and support for an ISIS-style caliphate . The video , touted as proof of links to terror groups , was cited as one of reasons for FPIs disbandment . Self-imposed exile and return . On 26 April 2017 , Rizieq left Indonesia for Saudi Arabia on a visa to perform a minor pilgrimage ( umroh ) . His departure came after he was summoned by police as a witness for questioning over alleged pornography involving the exchange of graphic messages and nude photos with a woman named Firza Hussein . On 29 May 2017 , police named Shihab a suspect under the 2006 Anti-Pornography Act , a law he helped pass . Rizieq was also charged with insulting Indonesias Pancasila state ideology , which he had derisively called pantat ( buttocks ) . In September 2018 , the Indonesian Embassy in Saudi Arabia said Rizieq had overstayed his visa and lacked a valid permit to remain in the country . The statement came after he was reportedly questioned and detained by Saudi Arabian police because an ISIL flag was allegedly flown at his home . A month later , Saudi Arabias ambassador to Indonesia said Rizieq had not violated any laws in Saudi Arabia . In 2019 , Indonesian National Police dropped the two cases against Rizieq , citing a lack of evidence . In 29 December 2020 , Indonesian court overturned the police decision about the pornographic chat case , demanding the National Police to continue their investigation , and declaring that the decision to stop the investigation is unlawful . In December 2019 , Rizieq claimed the Indonesian government was preventing him from returning to Indonesia — a claim denied by the Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia . On 10 November 2020 , Rizieq returned from Saudi Arabia . The Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia said Shihab was deported for violating Saudi Arabias immigration law . Previously , Rizieq had threatened to sue anyone who accused him of breaking the immigration law . Post-return controversies . Ignoring government regulations on COVID-19 health protocols for social distancing , thousands of Rizieqs supporters went to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport to welcome him home on 10 November 2020 , creating traffic jams and delaying multiple flights . Many of his supporters did not wear masks . Rizieq called on the crowd to carry out a moral revolution . Rizieq reiterated his call for a moral revolution while addressing events that attracted crowds around his home in Jakartas Petamburan neighborhood , and also at Megamendung district in Bogor regency . On 14 November , Rizieq celebrated the marriage of his daughter in conjunction with a celebration of the Prophet Muhammads birthday , attracting a crowd of around 10,000 people who did not adhere to social distancing . On 16 November 2020 , Jakarta Police chief Nana Sudjana and West Java Police chief Rudy Sufahradi Novianti were fired for their failure to enforce COVID-19 health protocols . The Indonesian military , police and public order officials subsequently removed around 900 banners of Rizieq that been erected around Jakarta . Members of the public responded by sending floral congratulatory boards to Jakarta Military Headquarters . At least 80 people who attended the events held by Rizieq later tested positive to COVID-19 . Among the high-profile figures who tested positive for the virus after meeting Rizieq were Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan , Jakarta Deputy Governor Ahmad Riza Patria , and Depok mayoral candidate Muhammad Idris . Health authorities were concerned that Rizieqs gatherings were creating new clusters of COVID-19 and wanted to test him for the virus , but he refused to undergo a swab test . He later checked into Rumah Sakit UMMI in Bogor , West Java , claiming tiredness after a long journey after police said they may summon him over the gatherings . He sparked controversy by leaving the hospital from a back door . Shihab was swab-tested by MER-C , a human rights organization , which declined to reveal the result . Indonesias COVID-19 Task Force said that while Indonesian law protects the privacy of patients , the result of any swab test should be disclosed to the proper authorities in the interest of contact tracing . Later during his trial on the charge of refusing to be swab tested , the prosecutor stated that his test result is positive . On 2 December 2020 , Rizieq apologized for the crowds at four of his gatherings and said he would pay a Rp50 million fine imposed by the Jakarta administration . Jakarta Police had intended to question Rizieq and his son-in-law at 10:00am on 7 December 2020 . However , earlier that morning , Rizieq and members of his family were reportedly being driven at about 12:30am to attend a pre-dawn prayer meeting , escorted by two cars of bodyguards . A car with undercover police followed the group on Jakarta-Cikampek toll road and was allegedly boxed in by the vehicles of Rizieqs bodyguards , who then allegedly shot at the police and attacked them with sharp weapons . Police responded by shooting dead six of Rizieqs bodyguards , while four fled . Police alleged that Rizieqs guards had started the shootout by firing three shots at the officers . FPI said Rizieq was assaulted and shot at by unknown groups , and that six of its members were kidnapped by an unknown group . FPI secretary general Munarman denied the FPI members had been carrying guns or sharp weapons . Legislators and human rights activists called for an independent investigation into the killings . 2021 trial . Police on 10 December 2020 charged Rizieq with incitement of criminal acts and obstructing law enforcement for holding mass gatherings at Petamburan that breached COVID-19 health protocols . On 12 December , he was arrested and questioned by police , who said he would be detained for 20 days . On 30 December , the police announced that his detention would be extended until 1 February 2021 . Rizieq was to have gone on trial at East Jakarta District Court on 15 March 2021 for alleged violation of COVID-19 health protocols and refusing to be swab-tested , but the online hearing was postponed because a technical problem prevented the defendant from hearing the presiding judge . On 16 March , by which time the technical problem had been resolved , one of Rizieqs lawyers , Munarman , said the defense team would not participate in an online trial . He asked the team of lawyers to leave the courtroom . Rizieq , who was linked to the online trial via a live stream from the Criminal Investigation Unit of the National Police , joined the walkout , declaring he would not attend an online trial . On 19 March , the presiding judge , Suparman Nyompa , said Rizieqs request to be tried in person at East Jakarta District Court could not be granted because his presence would attract a large crowd of supporters . He said an online trial is of equal validity to a regular trial . After the prosecutor read out the indictment , Rizieq ignored questions from the judges and instead prayed and recited from the Quran . Following Rizieqs refusal to cooperate , the presiding judge on 23 March said that in order for the trial to run smoothly , it would be held offline . Publications . - Hancurkan Liberalisme , Tegakkan Syariat Islam ( Destroy Liberalism , Establish Islamic Sharia ) , 2011 . - Wawasan Kebangsaan Menuju NKRI Bersyariah ( National Insight towards the Sharia-based NKRI ) , 2012 . - Dialog FPI , Amar Maruf Nahi Munkar . - The collection of Salawat . Awards and honors . On 19 March 2009 , Habib Rizieq was crowned by the self-proclaimed Sultan Sulu Ismael Kiram II as the Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Sulu with title Datu Paduka Maulana Syari Sulu ( DPMSS ) . External links . - FPI Website - Muhammad Rizieq Shihab profile

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Who commanded 1st Royal Bavarian Division from 1869 to Jul 1875?

/wiki/1st_Royal_Bavarian_Division#P4791#0

1st Royal Bavarian Division The 1st Royal Bavarian Division was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army that served alongside the Prussian Army as part of the Imperial German Army . The division was formed on November 27 , 1815 , as the Infantry Division of the Munich General Command ( Infanterie-Division des Generalkommandos München. ) . It was called the 1st Army Division between 1822 and 1848 , again between 1851 and 1859 , and again from 1869 to 1872 . It was called the 1st Infantry Division from 1848 to 1851 ( as well as during wartime ) and was named the Munich General Command from 1859 to 1869 . From April 1 , 1872 , until mobilization for World War I , it was the 1st Division . Within Bavaria , it was not generally referred to as a Royal Bavarian division , but outside Bavaria , this designation was used for it , and other Bavarian units , to distinguish them from similarly numbered Prussian units . The division was headquartered in Munich from 1815 to 1919 . The division was part of the 1st Royal Bavarian Army Corps . The division fought against Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 . In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 , the division fought alongside the Prussians . It saw action in battles of Wörth , Beaumont , and Sedan , the 1st and 2nd battles of Orleans , the battle of Loigny-Poupry , and the siege of Paris . During World War I , the division served on the Western Front . It fought in the Battle of the Frontiers against French forces in the early stages , and then participated in the Race to the Sea . Thereafter , it remained on the northern part of the front facing the British Army through 1915 and early 1916 . The Infantry Life Regiment was transferred from the division in 1915 to become part of a provisional German mountain division , the Alpenkorps , sent to the Italian Front . In 1916 , the division went into the Battle of Verdun . After Verdun , it went to the Somme in that battles later stages . 1917 was spent mainly occupying the trench lines . In 1918 , the division participated in the German spring offensive . The division was generally rated one of the better German divisions by Allied intelligence . Pre-World War I peacetime organization . In 1914 , the peacetime organization of the 1st Royal Bavarian Division was as follows : - 1st Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 1 . Königlich Bayerische Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment ( Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Infantry Regiment King ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 2nd Infantry Regiment Crown Prince ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz ) - Royal Bavarian 16th Infantry Regiment Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany ( Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Cavalry Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Kavallerie-Brigade ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry “Prince Charles of Bavaria” ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Prinz Karl von Bayern ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Erzherzog Franz-Ferdinand von Österreich-Este ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Field Artillery Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) - Royal Bavarian 7th Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization , in August 1914 , at the beginning of World War I , most divisional cavalry , including brigade headquarters , was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters . The 1st Division was renamed the 1st Bavarian Infantry Division . Its initial wartime organization ( major units ) was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Jäger-Bataillon König - Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 10 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - 1.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - 3.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a square division ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , and the engineer contingent was increased . Divisional signals commanders were established to better control communications , a major problem in coordinating infantry and artillery operations during the war . The divisions order of battle on March 21 , 1918 , was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 24 . Infanterie-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 4 . MG-Scharfschützen-Abteilung - 2.Eskadron/Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . Artillerie-Kommandeur 1 - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 9 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - Stab Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Minenwerfer-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur History . At the beginning of the First World War , the division was mobilized under the command of the 6th Army , on the Western Front . Notable commanders . - Luitpold , Prince Regent of Bavaria ( 1856–1861 ) - Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen ( 1861–1869 ) - A senior Bavarian field commander in the Franco-Prussian War - Prince Leopold of Bavaria ( 1881–1887 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Rupprecht , Crown Prince of Bavaria ( 1904–1906 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Otto Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein ( 1906–1910 ) - Bavarian Minister of War , 1912–1916 References . - 1.Bayerische-Infanterie-Division at 1914-18.info - Hermann Cron et al. , Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee ( Berlin , 1935 ) - Hermann Cron , Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918 ( Berlin , 1937 ) - Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War ( 1914-1918 ) , compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff , American Expeditionary Forces , at General Headquarters , Chaumont , France 1919 , ( 1920 )

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Who commanded 1st Royal Bavarian Division from Jun 1881 to Mar 1887?

/wiki/1st_Royal_Bavarian_Division#P4791#1

1st Royal Bavarian Division The 1st Royal Bavarian Division was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army that served alongside the Prussian Army as part of the Imperial German Army . The division was formed on November 27 , 1815 , as the Infantry Division of the Munich General Command ( Infanterie-Division des Generalkommandos München. ) . It was called the 1st Army Division between 1822 and 1848 , again between 1851 and 1859 , and again from 1869 to 1872 . It was called the 1st Infantry Division from 1848 to 1851 ( as well as during wartime ) and was named the Munich General Command from 1859 to 1869 . From April 1 , 1872 , until mobilization for World War I , it was the 1st Division . Within Bavaria , it was not generally referred to as a Royal Bavarian division , but outside Bavaria , this designation was used for it , and other Bavarian units , to distinguish them from similarly numbered Prussian units . The division was headquartered in Munich from 1815 to 1919 . The division was part of the 1st Royal Bavarian Army Corps . The division fought against Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 . In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 , the division fought alongside the Prussians . It saw action in battles of Wörth , Beaumont , and Sedan , the 1st and 2nd battles of Orleans , the battle of Loigny-Poupry , and the siege of Paris . During World War I , the division served on the Western Front . It fought in the Battle of the Frontiers against French forces in the early stages , and then participated in the Race to the Sea . Thereafter , it remained on the northern part of the front facing the British Army through 1915 and early 1916 . The Infantry Life Regiment was transferred from the division in 1915 to become part of a provisional German mountain division , the Alpenkorps , sent to the Italian Front . In 1916 , the division went into the Battle of Verdun . After Verdun , it went to the Somme in that battles later stages . 1917 was spent mainly occupying the trench lines . In 1918 , the division participated in the German spring offensive . The division was generally rated one of the better German divisions by Allied intelligence . Pre-World War I peacetime organization . In 1914 , the peacetime organization of the 1st Royal Bavarian Division was as follows : - 1st Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 1 . Königlich Bayerische Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment ( Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Infantry Regiment King ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 2nd Infantry Regiment Crown Prince ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz ) - Royal Bavarian 16th Infantry Regiment Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany ( Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Cavalry Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Kavallerie-Brigade ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry “Prince Charles of Bavaria” ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Prinz Karl von Bayern ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Erzherzog Franz-Ferdinand von Österreich-Este ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Field Artillery Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) - Royal Bavarian 7th Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization , in August 1914 , at the beginning of World War I , most divisional cavalry , including brigade headquarters , was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters . The 1st Division was renamed the 1st Bavarian Infantry Division . Its initial wartime organization ( major units ) was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Jäger-Bataillon König - Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 10 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - 1.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - 3.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a square division ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , and the engineer contingent was increased . Divisional signals commanders were established to better control communications , a major problem in coordinating infantry and artillery operations during the war . The divisions order of battle on March 21 , 1918 , was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 24 . Infanterie-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 4 . MG-Scharfschützen-Abteilung - 2.Eskadron/Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . Artillerie-Kommandeur 1 - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 9 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - Stab Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Minenwerfer-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur History . At the beginning of the First World War , the division was mobilized under the command of the 6th Army , on the Western Front . Notable commanders . - Luitpold , Prince Regent of Bavaria ( 1856–1861 ) - Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen ( 1861–1869 ) - A senior Bavarian field commander in the Franco-Prussian War - Prince Leopold of Bavaria ( 1881–1887 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Rupprecht , Crown Prince of Bavaria ( 1904–1906 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Otto Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein ( 1906–1910 ) - Bavarian Minister of War , 1912–1916 References . - 1.Bayerische-Infanterie-Division at 1914-18.info - Hermann Cron et al. , Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee ( Berlin , 1935 ) - Hermann Cron , Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918 ( Berlin , 1937 ) - Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War ( 1914-1918 ) , compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff , American Expeditionary Forces , at General Headquarters , Chaumont , France 1919 , ( 1920 )

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Who was the commander of 1st Royal Bavarian Division from Mar 1887 to Jul 1892?

/wiki/1st_Royal_Bavarian_Division#P4791#2

1st Royal Bavarian Division The 1st Royal Bavarian Division was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army that served alongside the Prussian Army as part of the Imperial German Army . The division was formed on November 27 , 1815 , as the Infantry Division of the Munich General Command ( Infanterie-Division des Generalkommandos München. ) . It was called the 1st Army Division between 1822 and 1848 , again between 1851 and 1859 , and again from 1869 to 1872 . It was called the 1st Infantry Division from 1848 to 1851 ( as well as during wartime ) and was named the Munich General Command from 1859 to 1869 . From April 1 , 1872 , until mobilization for World War I , it was the 1st Division . Within Bavaria , it was not generally referred to as a Royal Bavarian division , but outside Bavaria , this designation was used for it , and other Bavarian units , to distinguish them from similarly numbered Prussian units . The division was headquartered in Munich from 1815 to 1919 . The division was part of the 1st Royal Bavarian Army Corps . The division fought against Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 . In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 , the division fought alongside the Prussians . It saw action in battles of Wörth , Beaumont , and Sedan , the 1st and 2nd battles of Orleans , the battle of Loigny-Poupry , and the siege of Paris . During World War I , the division served on the Western Front . It fought in the Battle of the Frontiers against French forces in the early stages , and then participated in the Race to the Sea . Thereafter , it remained on the northern part of the front facing the British Army through 1915 and early 1916 . The Infantry Life Regiment was transferred from the division in 1915 to become part of a provisional German mountain division , the Alpenkorps , sent to the Italian Front . In 1916 , the division went into the Battle of Verdun . After Verdun , it went to the Somme in that battles later stages . 1917 was spent mainly occupying the trench lines . In 1918 , the division participated in the German spring offensive . The division was generally rated one of the better German divisions by Allied intelligence . Pre-World War I peacetime organization . In 1914 , the peacetime organization of the 1st Royal Bavarian Division was as follows : - 1st Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 1 . Königlich Bayerische Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment ( Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Infantry Regiment King ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 2nd Infantry Regiment Crown Prince ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz ) - Royal Bavarian 16th Infantry Regiment Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany ( Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Cavalry Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Kavallerie-Brigade ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry “Prince Charles of Bavaria” ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Prinz Karl von Bayern ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Erzherzog Franz-Ferdinand von Österreich-Este ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Field Artillery Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) - Royal Bavarian 7th Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization , in August 1914 , at the beginning of World War I , most divisional cavalry , including brigade headquarters , was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters . The 1st Division was renamed the 1st Bavarian Infantry Division . Its initial wartime organization ( major units ) was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Jäger-Bataillon König - Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 10 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - 1.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - 3.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a square division ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , and the engineer contingent was increased . Divisional signals commanders were established to better control communications , a major problem in coordinating infantry and artillery operations during the war . The divisions order of battle on March 21 , 1918 , was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 24 . Infanterie-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 4 . MG-Scharfschützen-Abteilung - 2.Eskadron/Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . Artillerie-Kommandeur 1 - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 9 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - Stab Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Minenwerfer-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur History . At the beginning of the First World War , the division was mobilized under the command of the 6th Army , on the Western Front . Notable commanders . - Luitpold , Prince Regent of Bavaria ( 1856–1861 ) - Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen ( 1861–1869 ) - A senior Bavarian field commander in the Franco-Prussian War - Prince Leopold of Bavaria ( 1881–1887 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Rupprecht , Crown Prince of Bavaria ( 1904–1906 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Otto Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein ( 1906–1910 ) - Bavarian Minister of War , 1912–1916 References . - 1.Bayerische-Infanterie-Division at 1914-18.info - Hermann Cron et al. , Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee ( Berlin , 1935 ) - Hermann Cron , Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918 ( Berlin , 1937 ) - Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War ( 1914-1918 ) , compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff , American Expeditionary Forces , at General Headquarters , Chaumont , France 1919 , ( 1920 )

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Who was the commander of 1st Royal Bavarian Division from 1904 to Apr 1906?

/wiki/1st_Royal_Bavarian_Division#P4791#3

1st Royal Bavarian Division The 1st Royal Bavarian Division was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army that served alongside the Prussian Army as part of the Imperial German Army . The division was formed on November 27 , 1815 , as the Infantry Division of the Munich General Command ( Infanterie-Division des Generalkommandos München. ) . It was called the 1st Army Division between 1822 and 1848 , again between 1851 and 1859 , and again from 1869 to 1872 . It was called the 1st Infantry Division from 1848 to 1851 ( as well as during wartime ) and was named the Munich General Command from 1859 to 1869 . From April 1 , 1872 , until mobilization for World War I , it was the 1st Division . Within Bavaria , it was not generally referred to as a Royal Bavarian division , but outside Bavaria , this designation was used for it , and other Bavarian units , to distinguish them from similarly numbered Prussian units . The division was headquartered in Munich from 1815 to 1919 . The division was part of the 1st Royal Bavarian Army Corps . The division fought against Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 . In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 , the division fought alongside the Prussians . It saw action in battles of Wörth , Beaumont , and Sedan , the 1st and 2nd battles of Orleans , the battle of Loigny-Poupry , and the siege of Paris . During World War I , the division served on the Western Front . It fought in the Battle of the Frontiers against French forces in the early stages , and then participated in the Race to the Sea . Thereafter , it remained on the northern part of the front facing the British Army through 1915 and early 1916 . The Infantry Life Regiment was transferred from the division in 1915 to become part of a provisional German mountain division , the Alpenkorps , sent to the Italian Front . In 1916 , the division went into the Battle of Verdun . After Verdun , it went to the Somme in that battles later stages . 1917 was spent mainly occupying the trench lines . In 1918 , the division participated in the German spring offensive . The division was generally rated one of the better German divisions by Allied intelligence . Pre-World War I peacetime organization . In 1914 , the peacetime organization of the 1st Royal Bavarian Division was as follows : - 1st Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 1 . Königlich Bayerische Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment ( Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Infantry Regiment King ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 2nd Infantry Regiment Crown Prince ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz ) - Royal Bavarian 16th Infantry Regiment Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany ( Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Cavalry Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Kavallerie-Brigade ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry “Prince Charles of Bavaria” ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Prinz Karl von Bayern ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Erzherzog Franz-Ferdinand von Österreich-Este ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Field Artillery Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) - Royal Bavarian 7th Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization , in August 1914 , at the beginning of World War I , most divisional cavalry , including brigade headquarters , was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters . The 1st Division was renamed the 1st Bavarian Infantry Division . Its initial wartime organization ( major units ) was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Jäger-Bataillon König - Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 10 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - 1.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - 3.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a square division ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , and the engineer contingent was increased . Divisional signals commanders were established to better control communications , a major problem in coordinating infantry and artillery operations during the war . The divisions order of battle on March 21 , 1918 , was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 24 . Infanterie-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 4 . MG-Scharfschützen-Abteilung - 2.Eskadron/Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . Artillerie-Kommandeur 1 - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 9 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - Stab Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Minenwerfer-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur History . At the beginning of the First World War , the division was mobilized under the command of the 6th Army , on the Western Front . Notable commanders . - Luitpold , Prince Regent of Bavaria ( 1856–1861 ) - Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen ( 1861–1869 ) - A senior Bavarian field commander in the Franco-Prussian War - Prince Leopold of Bavaria ( 1881–1887 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Rupprecht , Crown Prince of Bavaria ( 1904–1906 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Otto Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein ( 1906–1910 ) - Bavarian Minister of War , 1912–1916 References . - 1.Bayerische-Infanterie-Division at 1914-18.info - Hermann Cron et al. , Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee ( Berlin , 1935 ) - Hermann Cron , Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918 ( Berlin , 1937 ) - Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War ( 1914-1918 ) , compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff , American Expeditionary Forces , at General Headquarters , Chaumont , France 1919 , ( 1920 )

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Who was the commander of 1st Royal Bavarian Division from Apr 1906 to May 1910?

/wiki/1st_Royal_Bavarian_Division#P4791#4

1st Royal Bavarian Division The 1st Royal Bavarian Division was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army that served alongside the Prussian Army as part of the Imperial German Army . The division was formed on November 27 , 1815 , as the Infantry Division of the Munich General Command ( Infanterie-Division des Generalkommandos München. ) . It was called the 1st Army Division between 1822 and 1848 , again between 1851 and 1859 , and again from 1869 to 1872 . It was called the 1st Infantry Division from 1848 to 1851 ( as well as during wartime ) and was named the Munich General Command from 1859 to 1869 . From April 1 , 1872 , until mobilization for World War I , it was the 1st Division . Within Bavaria , it was not generally referred to as a Royal Bavarian division , but outside Bavaria , this designation was used for it , and other Bavarian units , to distinguish them from similarly numbered Prussian units . The division was headquartered in Munich from 1815 to 1919 . The division was part of the 1st Royal Bavarian Army Corps . The division fought against Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 . In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 , the division fought alongside the Prussians . It saw action in battles of Wörth , Beaumont , and Sedan , the 1st and 2nd battles of Orleans , the battle of Loigny-Poupry , and the siege of Paris . During World War I , the division served on the Western Front . It fought in the Battle of the Frontiers against French forces in the early stages , and then participated in the Race to the Sea . Thereafter , it remained on the northern part of the front facing the British Army through 1915 and early 1916 . The Infantry Life Regiment was transferred from the division in 1915 to become part of a provisional German mountain division , the Alpenkorps , sent to the Italian Front . In 1916 , the division went into the Battle of Verdun . After Verdun , it went to the Somme in that battles later stages . 1917 was spent mainly occupying the trench lines . In 1918 , the division participated in the German spring offensive . The division was generally rated one of the better German divisions by Allied intelligence . Pre-World War I peacetime organization . In 1914 , the peacetime organization of the 1st Royal Bavarian Division was as follows : - 1st Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 1 . Königlich Bayerische Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment ( Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Infantry Regiment King ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 2nd Infantry Regiment Crown Prince ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz ) - Royal Bavarian 16th Infantry Regiment Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany ( Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Cavalry Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Kavallerie-Brigade ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry “Prince Charles of Bavaria” ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Prinz Karl von Bayern ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Erzherzog Franz-Ferdinand von Österreich-Este ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Field Artillery Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) - Royal Bavarian 7th Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization , in August 1914 , at the beginning of World War I , most divisional cavalry , including brigade headquarters , was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters . The 1st Division was renamed the 1st Bavarian Infantry Division . Its initial wartime organization ( major units ) was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Jäger-Bataillon König - Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 10 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - 1.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - 3.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a square division ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , and the engineer contingent was increased . Divisional signals commanders were established to better control communications , a major problem in coordinating infantry and artillery operations during the war . The divisions order of battle on March 21 , 1918 , was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 24 . Infanterie-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 4 . MG-Scharfschützen-Abteilung - 2.Eskadron/Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . Artillerie-Kommandeur 1 - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 9 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - Stab Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Minenwerfer-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur History . At the beginning of the First World War , the division was mobilized under the command of the 6th Army , on the Western Front . Notable commanders . - Luitpold , Prince Regent of Bavaria ( 1856–1861 ) - Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen ( 1861–1869 ) - A senior Bavarian field commander in the Franco-Prussian War - Prince Leopold of Bavaria ( 1881–1887 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Rupprecht , Crown Prince of Bavaria ( 1904–1906 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Otto Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein ( 1906–1910 ) - Bavarian Minister of War , 1912–1916 References . - 1.Bayerische-Infanterie-Division at 1914-18.info - Hermann Cron et al. , Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee ( Berlin , 1935 ) - Hermann Cron , Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918 ( Berlin , 1937 ) - Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War ( 1914-1918 ) , compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff , American Expeditionary Forces , at General Headquarters , Chaumont , France 1919 , ( 1920 )

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Who was the commander of 1st Royal Bavarian Division from May 1910 to Dec 1913?

/wiki/1st_Royal_Bavarian_Division#P4791#5

1st Royal Bavarian Division The 1st Royal Bavarian Division was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army that served alongside the Prussian Army as part of the Imperial German Army . The division was formed on November 27 , 1815 , as the Infantry Division of the Munich General Command ( Infanterie-Division des Generalkommandos München. ) . It was called the 1st Army Division between 1822 and 1848 , again between 1851 and 1859 , and again from 1869 to 1872 . It was called the 1st Infantry Division from 1848 to 1851 ( as well as during wartime ) and was named the Munich General Command from 1859 to 1869 . From April 1 , 1872 , until mobilization for World War I , it was the 1st Division . Within Bavaria , it was not generally referred to as a Royal Bavarian division , but outside Bavaria , this designation was used for it , and other Bavarian units , to distinguish them from similarly numbered Prussian units . The division was headquartered in Munich from 1815 to 1919 . The division was part of the 1st Royal Bavarian Army Corps . The division fought against Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 . In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 , the division fought alongside the Prussians . It saw action in battles of Wörth , Beaumont , and Sedan , the 1st and 2nd battles of Orleans , the battle of Loigny-Poupry , and the siege of Paris . During World War I , the division served on the Western Front . It fought in the Battle of the Frontiers against French forces in the early stages , and then participated in the Race to the Sea . Thereafter , it remained on the northern part of the front facing the British Army through 1915 and early 1916 . The Infantry Life Regiment was transferred from the division in 1915 to become part of a provisional German mountain division , the Alpenkorps , sent to the Italian Front . In 1916 , the division went into the Battle of Verdun . After Verdun , it went to the Somme in that battles later stages . 1917 was spent mainly occupying the trench lines . In 1918 , the division participated in the German spring offensive . The division was generally rated one of the better German divisions by Allied intelligence . Pre-World War I peacetime organization . In 1914 , the peacetime organization of the 1st Royal Bavarian Division was as follows : - 1st Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 1 . Königlich Bayerische Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment ( Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Infantry Regiment King ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Infantry Brigade ( 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 2nd Infantry Regiment Crown Prince ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz ) - Royal Bavarian 16th Infantry Regiment Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany ( Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Cavalry Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Kavallerie-Brigade ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry “Prince Charles of Bavaria” ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Prinz Karl von Bayern ) - 2nd Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria ( Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Schweres Reiter-Regiment Erzherzog Franz-Ferdinand von Österreich-Este ) - 1st Royal Bavarian Field Artillery Brigade ( 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade ) - Royal Bavarian 1st Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) - Royal Bavarian 7th Field Artillery Regiment Prince Regent Luitpold ( Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold ) Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization , in August 1914 , at the beginning of World War I , most divisional cavalry , including brigade headquarters , was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters . The 1st Division was renamed the 1st Bavarian Infantry Division . Its initial wartime organization ( major units ) was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Leib-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - 2 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 16 . Infanterie-Regiment Großherzog Ferdinand von Toskana - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Jäger-Bataillon König - Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Feldartillerie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 7 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 10 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - 1.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - 3.Kompanie/Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a square division ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , and the engineer contingent was increased . Divisional signals commanders were established to better control communications , a major problem in coordinating infantry and artillery operations during the war . The divisions order of battle on March 21 , 1918 , was as follows : - 1 . Kgl . Bayer . Infanterie-Brigade - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Infanterie-Regiment König - Kgl . Bayer . 2 . Infanterie-Regiment Kronprinz - Kgl . Bayer . 24 . Infanterie-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . 4 . MG-Scharfschützen-Abteilung - 2.Eskadron/Kgl . Bayer . 8 . Chevaulegers-Regiment - Kgl . Bayer . Artillerie-Kommandeur 1 - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold - Kgl . Bayer . 9 . Fußartillerie-Bataillon - Stab Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Bataillon - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Pionier-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 3 . Minenwerfer-Kompanie - Kgl . Bayer . 1 . Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur History . At the beginning of the First World War , the division was mobilized under the command of the 6th Army , on the Western Front . Notable commanders . - Luitpold , Prince Regent of Bavaria ( 1856–1861 ) - Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen ( 1861–1869 ) - A senior Bavarian field commander in the Franco-Prussian War - Prince Leopold of Bavaria ( 1881–1887 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Rupprecht , Crown Prince of Bavaria ( 1904–1906 ) - Later a Generalfeldmarschall - Otto Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein ( 1906–1910 ) - Bavarian Minister of War , 1912–1916 References . - 1.Bayerische-Infanterie-Division at 1914-18.info - Hermann Cron et al. , Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee ( Berlin , 1935 ) - Hermann Cron , Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918 ( Berlin , 1937 ) - Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War ( 1914-1918 ) , compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff , American Expeditionary Forces , at General Headquarters , Chaumont , France 1919 , ( 1920 )

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What position did Władysław Bartoszewski take from Mar 1995 to Dec 1995?

/wiki/Władysław_Bartoszewski#P39#0

Władysław Bartoszewski Władysław Bartoszewski ( ; 19 February 1922 – 24 April 2015 ) was a Polish politician , social activist , journalist , writer and historian . A former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner , he was a World War II resistance fighter as part of the Polish underground and participated in the Warsaw Uprising . After the war he was persecuted and imprisoned by the communist Polish Peoples Republic due to his membership in the Home Army ( Armia Krajowa , AK ) and opposition activity . After the collapse of the communist regime , Bartoszewski served twice as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from March through December 1995 and again from 2000 to 2001 . He was also an ambassador and a member of the Polish Senate . Bartoszewski was a close ally and friend of Polish anti-Communist activist and later president Lech Wałęsa . Bartoszewski was a chevalier of the Order of the White Eagle , an honorary citizen of Israel , and a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy . Early life . Bartoszewski was born in Warsaw to a Catholic family . He studied at Saint Stanisław Kostka Secondary School . In 1939 he graduated from The Humanist High School of the Roman Catholic Future Educational Society in Warsaw . World War II . In September 1939 , Bartoszewski took part in the civil defense of Warsaw as a stretcher-bearer . From May 1940 , he worked in the first social clinic of the Polish Red Cross in Warsaw . On 19 September 1940 , Bartoszewski was detained in the Warsaw district of Żoliborz during a surprise round-up of members of the public ( łapanka ) , along with some 2,000 civilians ( among them , Witold Pilecki ) . From 22 September 1940 , he was detained in Auschwitz concentration camp ( his inmate number was 4427 ) . Due to actions undertaken by the Polish Red Cross , he was released from Auschwitz on 8 April 1941 . Polish Underground State . After his release from Auschwitz , Bartoszewski contacted the Association of Armed Struggle ( Związek Walki Zbrojnej ) . In the summer of 1941 , he reported on his concentration camp imprisonment to the Information Department of the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army ( Armia Krajowa , or AK , a reformed version of the Association of Armed Struggle and the largest resistance movement in Poland ) . In 1942 , he joined the Front for the Rebirth of Poland ( Front Odrodzenia Polski ) , which was a secret , Catholic , social-educational and charity organization founded by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka . From October 1941 until 1944 , Bartoszewski studied Polish studies in the secret Humanist Department of Warsaw University . At this time , higher education of Poles was outlawed by the German occupational authorities . In August 1942 , Bartoszewski became a soldier of the Home Army , working as a reporter in the P Subdivision of the Information Department of its Information and Propaganda Bureau . His pseudonym Teofil was inspired by Teofil Grodzicki , a fictional character from Jan Parandowskis novel entitled The Sky in Flames . He cooperated with Kazimierz Moczarski in the two-man P-1 report of the P subdivision . From September 1942 , Bartoszewski was active on behalf of the Front for the Rebirth of Poland in the Provisional Committee for Aid to Jews and its successor organization , the Council for Aid to Jews ( codenamed Żegota ) . Żegota , a Polish World War II resistance organization whose objective was to help Jews during the Holocaust , operated under the auspices of the Polish Government in Exile through the Delegatura , its presence in Warsaw . He remained a member of Żegota until the Warsaw Uprising . In 1943 , he replaced Witold Bieńkowski in the Jewish Department of the Delegatura . From November 1942 to September 1943 , Bartoszewski was an editorial team secretary of the Catholic magazine Prawda ( The Truth ) , the press organ of the Front for the Rebirth of Poland . From fall of 1942 until spring of 1944 , Bartoszewski was the editor-in-chief of the Catholic magazine Prawda Młodych ( The Youths Truth ) , which was also connected with the Front for the Rebirth of Poland and aimed at university and high-school students . In November 1942 , Bartoszewski became a vice-manager of a division created in the Department of Internal Affairs of the Delegatura , whose remit was to help prisoners of Pawiak prison . In February 1943 , Bartoszewski became a reporter and vice-manager of the Departments Jewish Report . As a part of his activities for Żegota and the Jewish Report , he organized assistance for the participants of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in April 1943 . On 1 August 1944 , Bartoszewski began his participation in the Warsaw Uprising . He was an aide to the commander of radio post Asma and editor-in-chief of the magazine The News from the City and The Radio News . On 20 September , by orders from the commandant of the Warsaw District of the AK , General Antoni Monter Chruściel , Bartoszewski was decorated with the Silver Cross of Merit . This was the result of a proposal put forward by the chief of the Information and Propaganda Bureau in General Headquarters of the Home Army , Colonel Jan Rzepecki ) . On 1 October , he was appointed Second Lieutenant by the AK commander general Tadeusz Bór Komorowski ( also due to a proposal by Rzepecki ) . He received the Cross of Valor order on 4 October . Post-World War II . Bartoszewski left Warsaw on 7 October 1944 . He continued his underground activity in the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army at its General Headquarters in Kraków . From November 1944 to January 1945 , he held a position as editorial team secretary for Information Bulletin . At the end of February 1945 , he returned to Warsaw , where he began his service in the information and propaganda section of NIE resistance movement . From May to August 1945 , Bartoszewski was serving in the sixth unit of the Delegatura ( he was responsible for information and propaganda ) under the supervision of Kazimierz Moczarski ) . On 10 October 1945 , he revealed that he had served in the AK . In Autumn 1945 , Bartoszewski started his cooperation with the Institute of National Remembrance at the presidium of the government and the Head Commission of Examination of German Crimes in Poland . His information gathered during the occupation period about the Nazi crimes , the situation in concentration camps and prisons , as well as his knowledge concerning the Jewish genocide , appeared to be very helpful . In February 1946 he began his work in the editorial section of Gazeta Ludowa ( Peoples Gazette ) , the main press organ of the Polish Peoples Party ( Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe , PSL ) . Soon , he joined the PSL , at that time the only influential party in opposition to the communist government . In the articles published in Gazeta Ludowa , he mentioned the outstanding figures of the Polish Underground State ( the interview with Stefan Korboński , the report from the funeral of Jan Piekałkiewicz ) , and the events connected with the fight for liberation of the country ( a series of sketches presenting the Warsaw Uprising entitled Dzień Walczącej Stolicy ) . Due to his collaboration with the PSL , Bartoszewski became subject to repressions by the security services . On 15 November 1946 , he was falsely accused of being a spy , resulting in him being arrested and held by the Ministry of Public Security of Poland . In December , he was transferred to the Mokotów Prison ; he was released on 10 April 1948 , with the help of Zofia Rudnicka ( a former chief of Żegota , then working in the Ministry of Justice ) . Although Bartoszewski was accepted into the third year of Polish Studies in December 1948 , his arrest in 1949 and the resulting five years imprisonment rendered him unable to finish his studies . Bartoszewski was again arrested on 14 December 1949 . On 29 May 1952 , he was sentenced by the Military District Court to eight years in prison due to the false charge of espionage . In April 1954 , he was moved to the prison in Rawicz and in June to the prison in Racibórz . He was released in August 1954 on a years parole due to his bad health condition . On 2 March 1955 , during the wave of de-Stalinization , Bartoszewski was informed he was wrongly sentenced . Career . Literary , academic and journalistic activity . After Bartoszewski was found wrongly sentenced and released from prison , he returned to his journalistic activity . Since August 1955 , he was the editor-in-chief of specialist publishing houses of the Polish Librarians Association . Since July 1956 , he was publishing his articles in Stolica weekly , and since January 1957 he was a member of an editorial section . From the Summer of 1958 to December 1960 , he held the position of the secretary of the editorial section . In August 1957 , Bartoszewski began working with Tygodnik Powszechny ( Universal Weekly ) . Since July 1982 , he was a member of the editorial section . In November 1958 , Bartoszewski was again accepted by the Linguistic Department of Warsaw University , in extramural mode . He submitted his masters thesis written under the supervision of professor Julian Krzyżanowski . However , by decision of the vice-chancellor , he was expelled from the university in October 1962 . On 18 April 1963 , Bartoszewski was decorated with the Polonia Restituta medal for his help to the Jews during the war . The proposal was put forward by the Jewish Historical Institute . Between September and November 1963 , he resided in Israel at the invitation of the Yad Vashem Institute . In the name of the Council for Aid to Jews , he received the diploma of the Righteous Among the Nations . In 1966 , he received the medal of the Righteous Among the Nations . In memoriam , former Israeli Ambassador Govrin will later write : Władysław Bartoszewski will always be remembered as an individual who greatly contributed to the strengthening of Polish-Israeli ties , well before diplomatic ties were renewed and well after . From November to December 1963 , Bartoszewski lived in Austria , where he entered into communication with Austrian intellectual and political societies . In November 1963 , he begun his cooperation with Radio Free Europe . In the next years , he was traveling to the Federal Republic of Germany , Great Britain , Italy , Israel and the United States , where he got in touch mainly with some of the representatives of Polish emigration ( among others with Jan Nowak-Jeziorański , Jan Karski , Czesław Miłosz and Gustaw Herling-Grudziński ) . In 1969–73 , Bartoszewski served as the chairman of the Warsaw Department of the Society of Book Lovers ( Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Książki ) and in December 1969 he was appointed a member of the board of the Polish PEN . From 1972 to 1983 , he served as the chief secretary of the Polish PEN . In 1973–82 , and again in 1984–85 , Bartoszewski lectured as a senior lecturer ( the counterpart of vice-professor ) . His lectures concerned modern history ( with the special emphasis on the war and occupation ) in the Institute of Modern History on the Humanistic Science Department of KUL ( Catholic University of Lublin ) . In December 1981 , he was an active participant in the First Polish Culture Congress , which was interrupted by the enforcement of martial law in Poland . In 1983–1984 and 1986–1988 , Bartoszewski lectured at the Institute of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences at the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich ( as well as the Media Science Institute at the same university in 1989–90 ) . He was named Visiting Professor by the Bavarian government . In 1984 , he received an honorary doctorate from Hebrew College in Baltimore ( USA ) as well as a certificate of the recognition from the American Jewish Committee in New York . From May 1984 , Bartoszewski was a full member of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America . From 1986 he served as one of the deputy-chairmen at the Institute of Polish-Jewish Studies at the University of Oxford . In the academic year 1985 he was lecturing at the Faculty of History and Social Sciences at the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt in the Federal Republic of Germany . From 1988 to 1989 , he lectured at the Institute of Political Science in the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences at the University of Augsburg . In 1992 he was appointed a member of the Independent Commission of Experts ( ICE ) 1992–2002 which was set up by the Swiss parliament to examine the refugee policy of the Switzerland during World War II as well as economic and financial relationships between Switzerland and Nazi Germany . Bartoszewski took part in many international conferences and seminars dedicated to the issues of World War II , the Jewish genocide , Polish-German and Polish-Jewish relationships as well as the role of Polish intellectualists in politics . He delivered a number of lectures and reports on the various international forums . Opposition activity . In 1970 , due to his opposition activity and various relations in Western countries , Bartoszewski was forbidden to publish his works in Poland ( until autumn 1974 ) . He also fell victim to searches , denials of passport and distributing forgeries ) . In 1974 , he was engaged in activity focusing on reprieving the convicted members of the organization ( among others Stefan Niesiołowski and Andrzej Czuma ) . In January 1976 , as one of the first , Bartoszewski signed the letter of intellectualists protesting against the introduction of changes into the constitution of the Peoples Republic of Poland . He helped establish the Society for Educational Courses and he lectured at the Flying University . On 21 August 1980 , Bartoszewski signed the intellectuals letter to the protesting workers from the Polish coast . During 1980/1981 he was a member of Solidarity . After announcing martial law on 13 December 1981 , he was a detainee in Białołęka prison and later in the Internment Center in Jaworze at Drawsko Pomorskie Military Training Area . He was released on 28 April 1982 due to the support from intellectual communities from Poland and from abroad . In 1981 , Edward Raczyński , the President of Poland in exile , proposed Bartoszewski as his successor so Bartoszewski could become president in exile after his resignation . Raczyński , according to his own words , wanted someone from the country and not the emigre circles as well as with strong ties to the opposition in Poland . Bartoszewski , however , graciously refused . In 1987 Raczyńskis final successor , Kazimierz Sabbat , also proposed Batoszewski be nominated , but he declined . Had he accepted the position , he would have succeeded Sabbat after his sudden death in 1989 . Third Republic of Poland . Diplomatic and politic activity . From September 1990 to March 1995 , Bartoszewski held the position of Ambassador of the Polish Republic to Austria . On 28 April 1995 , he delivered a speech during the solemn joint session of the Bundestag and Bundesrat on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the ending of World War II as the only foreign speaker . On 22 December 1995 , he resigned from his office due to the end of Lech Wałęsas presidential term . Once again , Bartoszewski became chief of Polish Internal Affairs in June 2000 in Jerzy Buzeks government . From 1997 to 2001 , he was the Senator of the fourth term and the chairperson in the Office for International Affairs and European Integration . As a Senior Speaker he chaired the inaugural session of the Senate of the Republic of Poland . On 21 November 2007 , Bartoszewski was named Secretary of State in the Office of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers ( Prime Minister Donald Tusk ) and plenipotentiary for international affairs . Social and academic activity . From June 1990 , Bartoszewski was chairperson of the International Council of the National Auschwitz Museum . From 1991 to 1995 , he was the member of the National Council for Polish-Jewish Relations from the presidential office . From March 1995 , he was the deputy chairman of the Polish PEN . In 1996 , he received an honorary doctorate of the University of Wrocław . Starting in June 2001 , Bartoszewski was the leader of the Council for the Protection of Memory of Combat and Martyrdom . On 27 January 2005 , on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau , he delivered speeches as the representative of the Polish inmates of concentration camps . For many years he was a strong supporter of the Polish-Jewish and Polish-German reconciliation . Through his journalistic and academic activity he contributed to retaining the memory of the Polish Underground State , the Warsaw Uprising and the crimes of totalitarism . From 26 January to 29 June 2006 , Bartoszewski headed the board of LOT Polish Airlines . He was a member of the Polish Writers Association . He was also chairperson of the Polish Institute of International Affairs in Warsaw , but resigned from the position on 29 August 2006 . The reason was that there was no reaction from then-Minister of Foreign Affairs Anna Fotyga to the accusations formulated by deputy Minister of Defense Antoni Macierewicz who alleged that most of hitherto Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Third Republic of Poland were former agents of the Soviet special services according to files known as fałszywkas produced by the SB secret police . Bartoszewskis scholarly credentials were controversial . He had no university degree but used the title of professor , suggesting that he had an academic degree . After objections from the German and Polish academic communities , the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs removed the title of professor before Bartoszewskis name from its web page . Despite his lack of formal academic qualifications , Bartoszewski taught graduate-level history courses at several accredited and prestigious universities , including the renowned KUL ( John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin ) , which lists Bartoszewski as a reader in modern history ( and chair of Polish Postwar History ) in the Faculty of Humanities , 1973–1985 , and awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2008 . From April 2009 he was a council member of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation . In July 2010 he became a member of the International Council of the Austrian Service Abroad . At a joint conference of the Polish Institute of International Affairs ( PISM ) and the Israel Council on Foreign Relations ( ICFR ) held in Warsaw in November 2017 , ICFR director Laurence Weinbaum paid tribute to Bartoszewski and said he had played an important role in developing relations between Poland and Israel : “At a time when in certain quarters we are witness to shameless opportunism and the grotesque obfuscation of history , his legacy resonates especially strongly . Bartoszewski taught people that bellicose jingoism and intolerance should not be confused with the true love of ones country and that a society that gives way to its basest instincts is doomed to ruin . Personal life . Władysław Bartoszewski was first married to Antonina Mijal , but that marriage ended in divorce . He later married Zofia Bartoszewska in 1967 ; they remained married until his death in 2015 . His son , Władysław Teofil Bartoszewski , was born in 1955 . He is an academic historian who has written on Polish Jewish history . He is the author of the 1991 book , The Convent at Auschwitz , George Braziller , . On 24 April 2015 , Bartoszewski was admitted to a Warsaw hospital , dying shortly after arrival of a heart attack , aged 93 . Flags at the parliament were lowered to half-staff in Bartoszewskis honor . Bartoszewski was survived by wife Zofia and son Władysław Teofil . Bartoszewskis funeral was on 4 May and was buried at Powązki Military Cemetery . Publications . English . - 1968 Warsaw Death Ring : 1939–1944 , Interpres . - 1969 Righteous Among Nations : How Poles Helped the Jews 1939–1945 , ed . with Zofia Lewin , Earlscourt Pub , UK; , . - 1970 The Samaritans : Heroes of the Holocaust , ed . with Zofia Lewin , Twayne Publishers , New York . - 1988 The Warsaw Ghetto : A Christians Testimony , Beacon Press ; . - 1991 The Jews in Warsaw : A History , ed . with Antony Polonsky , Blackwell Publishing ; . Polish . - Konspiracyjne Varsaviana poetyckie 1939–1944 : zarys informacyjny ( Warszawa 1962 ) - Organizacja małego sabotażu Wawer w Warszawie ( 1940–1944 ) ( 1966 ) - Ten jest z Ojczyzny mojej . Polacy z pomocą Żydom 1939–1945 ( oprac . wspólnie z Zofią Lewinówną ; Znak 1967 , 1969 ) - Warszawski pierścień śmierci 1939–1944 ( 1967 , 1970 ; ponadto wydania w języku angielskim 1968 i niemieckim 1970 ) - Kronika wydarzeń w Warszawie 1939–1949 ( oprac. ; wespół z Bogdanem Brzezińskim i Leszkiem Moczulskim ; Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1970 ) - Ludność cywilna w Powstaniu Warszawskim . Prasa , druki ulotne i inne publikacje powstańcze t . I-III ( oprac. ; praca zbiorowa ; Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1974 ) - 1859 dni Warszawy ( introduction by Aleksander Gieysztor ; bibliography of W . Bartoszewski by Zofia Steczowicz-Sajderowa ; index by Zofia Bartoszewska ; Znak 1974 ; 2nd edition expanded : 1984 , ) - Polskie Państwo Podziemne ( inauguracyjny wykład TKN wygłoszony w Warszawie 2 XI 1979 ; II obieg ; Niezależna Oficyna Wydawnicza NOWa 1979 , 1980 ; OW Solidarność MKZ , Wrocław 1981 ; Komitet Wyzwolenia Społecznego 1981 ; Agencja Informacyjna Solidarności Walczącej , Lublin 1985 ) - Los Żydów Warszawy 1939–1943 . W czterdziestą rocznicę powstania w getcie warszawskim ( Puls , Londyn 1983 ; Bez Cięć 1985 [ II obieg ] ; Międzyzakładowa Struktura Solidarności 1985 [ II obieg ] ; wydanie 2 poprawione i rozszerzone : Puls 1988 , ; Fakt , Łódź 1989 [ II obieg ] ) - Jesień nadziei : warto być przyzwoitym ( II obieg ; tł . z wydania zach.-niem. ; posłowie Reinholda Lehmanna ; [ Lublin ] : Spotkania 1984 , 1986 ) - Dni walczącej stolicy . Kronika Powstania Warszawskiego ( Aneks , Londyn 1984 ; Krąg , Warszawa 1984 [ II obieg ] ; Alfa 1989 , ; Świat Książki 2004 , ) - Metody i praktyki Bezpieki w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu PRL ( pod pseud . Jan Kowalski ; II obieg ; Grupy Polityczne Wola , Ogólnopolski Komitet Oporu Robotników Solidarność 1985 ; Biuletyn Łódzki 1985 ; Apel 1986 ; Rota 1986 ) - Syndykat zbrodni ( pod pseudonimem ZZZ ; 1986 ) - Na drodze do niepodległości ( Editions Spotkania , Paryż 1987 , ) - Warto być przyzwoitym . szkic do pamiętnika ( II obieg ; CDN 1988 ) - Warto być przyzwoitym . Teksty osobiste i nieosobiste ( Polskie tłumaczenie książki pt. : Herbst der Hoffnungen : es lohnt sich , anständig zu sein ; Wydawnictwo Polskiej Prowincji Dominikanów W drodze 1990 , ; wydanie 2 zmienione : 2005 , ) - Ponad podziałami . Wybrane przemówienia i wywiady – lipiec-grudzień 2000 ( Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2001 , ) - Wspólna europejska odpowiedzialność . Wybrane przemówienia i wywiady , styczeń-lipiec 2001 ( Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2001 , ) - Moja Jerozolima , mój Izrael . Władysław Bartoszewski w rozmowie z Joanną Szwedowską ( posłowie : Andrzej Paczkowski ; Rosner i Wspólnicy 2005 , ) - Władysław Bartoszewski : wywiad-rzeka ( rozmowy z Michałem Komarem ; Świat Książki 2006 , ) - Dziennik z internowania . Jaworze 15 December 1981 – 19 April 1982 ( Świat Książki 2006 ) - Pisma wybrane 1942–1957 , Tom I ( Universitas 2007 , ) German . - Die polnische Untergrundpresse in den Jahren 1939 bis 1945 ( Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt , Konstanz 1967 ) - Das Warschauer Ghetto wie es wirklich war . Zeugenbericht eines Christen ( 1983 ; also American and English edition ) - Herbst der Hoffnungen : Es lohnt sich , anständig zu sein ( Herder 1983 ; ; 1984 , ; 1986 , ) - Aus der Geschichte lernen ? Aufsätze und Reden zur Kriegs- und Nachkriegsgeschichte Polens ( foreword : Stanisław Lem ; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag , Munich 1986 ) - Uns eint vergossenes Blut . Juden und Polen in der Zeit der Endlösung ( 1987 ) - Polen und Juden in der Zeit der Endlösung ( Informationszentrum im Dienste der christlich-jüdischen Verständigung , Wien 1990 ; ) - Kein Frieden ohne Freiheit . Betrachtungen eines Zeitzeugen am Ende des Jahrhunderts ( 2000 ) - Und reiß uns den Hass aus der Seele ( Deutsch-Polnischer Verlag 2005 ; ) References . The article was originally a translation of its Polish version ( ) , with additions from the German version . External links . - Władysław Bartoszewski – Blog - Address by the former Foreign Minister of Poland Wladislaw Bartoszewski at the ceremony of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau , 27 January 2005 see page 156 , 157 - Władysław Bartoszewski – Interviews about Polish-Jewish relations - About Władysław Bartoszewski at Yad Vashem website - Audio recordings with Władysław Bartoszewski in the Online Archive of the Österreichische Mediathek ( Interviews and lectures in German ) . Retrieved 18 September 2019

easy

What position did Władysław Bartoszewski take from Oct 1997 to Jun 2000?

/wiki/Władysław_Bartoszewski#P39#1

Władysław Bartoszewski Władysław Bartoszewski ( ; 19 February 1922 – 24 April 2015 ) was a Polish politician , social activist , journalist , writer and historian . A former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner , he was a World War II resistance fighter as part of the Polish underground and participated in the Warsaw Uprising . After the war he was persecuted and imprisoned by the communist Polish Peoples Republic due to his membership in the Home Army ( Armia Krajowa , AK ) and opposition activity . After the collapse of the communist regime , Bartoszewski served twice as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from March through December 1995 and again from 2000 to 2001 . He was also an ambassador and a member of the Polish Senate . Bartoszewski was a close ally and friend of Polish anti-Communist activist and later president Lech Wałęsa . Bartoszewski was a chevalier of the Order of the White Eagle , an honorary citizen of Israel , and a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy . Early life . Bartoszewski was born in Warsaw to a Catholic family . He studied at Saint Stanisław Kostka Secondary School . In 1939 he graduated from The Humanist High School of the Roman Catholic Future Educational Society in Warsaw . World War II . In September 1939 , Bartoszewski took part in the civil defense of Warsaw as a stretcher-bearer . From May 1940 , he worked in the first social clinic of the Polish Red Cross in Warsaw . On 19 September 1940 , Bartoszewski was detained in the Warsaw district of Żoliborz during a surprise round-up of members of the public ( łapanka ) , along with some 2,000 civilians ( among them , Witold Pilecki ) . From 22 September 1940 , he was detained in Auschwitz concentration camp ( his inmate number was 4427 ) . Due to actions undertaken by the Polish Red Cross , he was released from Auschwitz on 8 April 1941 . Polish Underground State . After his release from Auschwitz , Bartoszewski contacted the Association of Armed Struggle ( Związek Walki Zbrojnej ) . In the summer of 1941 , he reported on his concentration camp imprisonment to the Information Department of the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army ( Armia Krajowa , or AK , a reformed version of the Association of Armed Struggle and the largest resistance movement in Poland ) . In 1942 , he joined the Front for the Rebirth of Poland ( Front Odrodzenia Polski ) , which was a secret , Catholic , social-educational and charity organization founded by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka . From October 1941 until 1944 , Bartoszewski studied Polish studies in the secret Humanist Department of Warsaw University . At this time , higher education of Poles was outlawed by the German occupational authorities . In August 1942 , Bartoszewski became a soldier of the Home Army , working as a reporter in the P Subdivision of the Information Department of its Information and Propaganda Bureau . His pseudonym Teofil was inspired by Teofil Grodzicki , a fictional character from Jan Parandowskis novel entitled The Sky in Flames . He cooperated with Kazimierz Moczarski in the two-man P-1 report of the P subdivision . From September 1942 , Bartoszewski was active on behalf of the Front for the Rebirth of Poland in the Provisional Committee for Aid to Jews and its successor organization , the Council for Aid to Jews ( codenamed Żegota ) . Żegota , a Polish World War II resistance organization whose objective was to help Jews during the Holocaust , operated under the auspices of the Polish Government in Exile through the Delegatura , its presence in Warsaw . He remained a member of Żegota until the Warsaw Uprising . In 1943 , he replaced Witold Bieńkowski in the Jewish Department of the Delegatura . From November 1942 to September 1943 , Bartoszewski was an editorial team secretary of the Catholic magazine Prawda ( The Truth ) , the press organ of the Front for the Rebirth of Poland . From fall of 1942 until spring of 1944 , Bartoszewski was the editor-in-chief of the Catholic magazine Prawda Młodych ( The Youths Truth ) , which was also connected with the Front for the Rebirth of Poland and aimed at university and high-school students . In November 1942 , Bartoszewski became a vice-manager of a division created in the Department of Internal Affairs of the Delegatura , whose remit was to help prisoners of Pawiak prison . In February 1943 , Bartoszewski became a reporter and vice-manager of the Departments Jewish Report . As a part of his activities for Żegota and the Jewish Report , he organized assistance for the participants of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in April 1943 . On 1 August 1944 , Bartoszewski began his participation in the Warsaw Uprising . He was an aide to the commander of radio post Asma and editor-in-chief of the magazine The News from the City and The Radio News . On 20 September , by orders from the commandant of the Warsaw District of the AK , General Antoni Monter Chruściel , Bartoszewski was decorated with the Silver Cross of Merit . This was the result of a proposal put forward by the chief of the Information and Propaganda Bureau in General Headquarters of the Home Army , Colonel Jan Rzepecki ) . On 1 October , he was appointed Second Lieutenant by the AK commander general Tadeusz Bór Komorowski ( also due to a proposal by Rzepecki ) . He received the Cross of Valor order on 4 October . Post-World War II . Bartoszewski left Warsaw on 7 October 1944 . He continued his underground activity in the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army at its General Headquarters in Kraków . From November 1944 to January 1945 , he held a position as editorial team secretary for Information Bulletin . At the end of February 1945 , he returned to Warsaw , where he began his service in the information and propaganda section of NIE resistance movement . From May to August 1945 , Bartoszewski was serving in the sixth unit of the Delegatura ( he was responsible for information and propaganda ) under the supervision of Kazimierz Moczarski ) . On 10 October 1945 , he revealed that he had served in the AK . In Autumn 1945 , Bartoszewski started his cooperation with the Institute of National Remembrance at the presidium of the government and the Head Commission of Examination of German Crimes in Poland . His information gathered during the occupation period about the Nazi crimes , the situation in concentration camps and prisons , as well as his knowledge concerning the Jewish genocide , appeared to be very helpful . In February 1946 he began his work in the editorial section of Gazeta Ludowa ( Peoples Gazette ) , the main press organ of the Polish Peoples Party ( Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe , PSL ) . Soon , he joined the PSL , at that time the only influential party in opposition to the communist government . In the articles published in Gazeta Ludowa , he mentioned the outstanding figures of the Polish Underground State ( the interview with Stefan Korboński , the report from the funeral of Jan Piekałkiewicz ) , and the events connected with the fight for liberation of the country ( a series of sketches presenting the Warsaw Uprising entitled Dzień Walczącej Stolicy ) . Due to his collaboration with the PSL , Bartoszewski became subject to repressions by the security services . On 15 November 1946 , he was falsely accused of being a spy , resulting in him being arrested and held by the Ministry of Public Security of Poland . In December , he was transferred to the Mokotów Prison ; he was released on 10 April 1948 , with the help of Zofia Rudnicka ( a former chief of Żegota , then working in the Ministry of Justice ) . Although Bartoszewski was accepted into the third year of Polish Studies in December 1948 , his arrest in 1949 and the resulting five years imprisonment rendered him unable to finish his studies . Bartoszewski was again arrested on 14 December 1949 . On 29 May 1952 , he was sentenced by the Military District Court to eight years in prison due to the false charge of espionage . In April 1954 , he was moved to the prison in Rawicz and in June to the prison in Racibórz . He was released in August 1954 on a years parole due to his bad health condition . On 2 March 1955 , during the wave of de-Stalinization , Bartoszewski was informed he was wrongly sentenced . Career . Literary , academic and journalistic activity . After Bartoszewski was found wrongly sentenced and released from prison , he returned to his journalistic activity . Since August 1955 , he was the editor-in-chief of specialist publishing houses of the Polish Librarians Association . Since July 1956 , he was publishing his articles in Stolica weekly , and since January 1957 he was a member of an editorial section . From the Summer of 1958 to December 1960 , he held the position of the secretary of the editorial section . In August 1957 , Bartoszewski began working with Tygodnik Powszechny ( Universal Weekly ) . Since July 1982 , he was a member of the editorial section . In November 1958 , Bartoszewski was again accepted by the Linguistic Department of Warsaw University , in extramural mode . He submitted his masters thesis written under the supervision of professor Julian Krzyżanowski . However , by decision of the vice-chancellor , he was expelled from the university in October 1962 . On 18 April 1963 , Bartoszewski was decorated with the Polonia Restituta medal for his help to the Jews during the war . The proposal was put forward by the Jewish Historical Institute . Between September and November 1963 , he resided in Israel at the invitation of the Yad Vashem Institute . In the name of the Council for Aid to Jews , he received the diploma of the Righteous Among the Nations . In 1966 , he received the medal of the Righteous Among the Nations . In memoriam , former Israeli Ambassador Govrin will later write : Władysław Bartoszewski will always be remembered as an individual who greatly contributed to the strengthening of Polish-Israeli ties , well before diplomatic ties were renewed and well after . From November to December 1963 , Bartoszewski lived in Austria , where he entered into communication with Austrian intellectual and political societies . In November 1963 , he begun his cooperation with Radio Free Europe . In the next years , he was traveling to the Federal Republic of Germany , Great Britain , Italy , Israel and the United States , where he got in touch mainly with some of the representatives of Polish emigration ( among others with Jan Nowak-Jeziorański , Jan Karski , Czesław Miłosz and Gustaw Herling-Grudziński ) . In 1969–73 , Bartoszewski served as the chairman of the Warsaw Department of the Society of Book Lovers ( Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Książki ) and in December 1969 he was appointed a member of the board of the Polish PEN . From 1972 to 1983 , he served as the chief secretary of the Polish PEN . In 1973–82 , and again in 1984–85 , Bartoszewski lectured as a senior lecturer ( the counterpart of vice-professor ) . His lectures concerned modern history ( with the special emphasis on the war and occupation ) in the Institute of Modern History on the Humanistic Science Department of KUL ( Catholic University of Lublin ) . In December 1981 , he was an active participant in the First Polish Culture Congress , which was interrupted by the enforcement of martial law in Poland . In 1983–1984 and 1986–1988 , Bartoszewski lectured at the Institute of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences at the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich ( as well as the Media Science Institute at the same university in 1989–90 ) . He was named Visiting Professor by the Bavarian government . In 1984 , he received an honorary doctorate from Hebrew College in Baltimore ( USA ) as well as a certificate of the recognition from the American Jewish Committee in New York . From May 1984 , Bartoszewski was a full member of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America . From 1986 he served as one of the deputy-chairmen at the Institute of Polish-Jewish Studies at the University of Oxford . In the academic year 1985 he was lecturing at the Faculty of History and Social Sciences at the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt in the Federal Republic of Germany . From 1988 to 1989 , he lectured at the Institute of Political Science in the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences at the University of Augsburg . In 1992 he was appointed a member of the Independent Commission of Experts ( ICE ) 1992–2002 which was set up by the Swiss parliament to examine the refugee policy of the Switzerland during World War II as well as economic and financial relationships between Switzerland and Nazi Germany . Bartoszewski took part in many international conferences and seminars dedicated to the issues of World War II , the Jewish genocide , Polish-German and Polish-Jewish relationships as well as the role of Polish intellectualists in politics . He delivered a number of lectures and reports on the various international forums . Opposition activity . In 1970 , due to his opposition activity and various relations in Western countries , Bartoszewski was forbidden to publish his works in Poland ( until autumn 1974 ) . He also fell victim to searches , denials of passport and distributing forgeries ) . In 1974 , he was engaged in activity focusing on reprieving the convicted members of the organization ( among others Stefan Niesiołowski and Andrzej Czuma ) . In January 1976 , as one of the first , Bartoszewski signed the letter of intellectualists protesting against the introduction of changes into the constitution of the Peoples Republic of Poland . He helped establish the Society for Educational Courses and he lectured at the Flying University . On 21 August 1980 , Bartoszewski signed the intellectuals letter to the protesting workers from the Polish coast . During 1980/1981 he was a member of Solidarity . After announcing martial law on 13 December 1981 , he was a detainee in Białołęka prison and later in the Internment Center in Jaworze at Drawsko Pomorskie Military Training Area . He was released on 28 April 1982 due to the support from intellectual communities from Poland and from abroad . In 1981 , Edward Raczyński , the President of Poland in exile , proposed Bartoszewski as his successor so Bartoszewski could become president in exile after his resignation . Raczyński , according to his own words , wanted someone from the country and not the emigre circles as well as with strong ties to the opposition in Poland . Bartoszewski , however , graciously refused . In 1987 Raczyńskis final successor , Kazimierz Sabbat , also proposed Batoszewski be nominated , but he declined . Had he accepted the position , he would have succeeded Sabbat after his sudden death in 1989 . Third Republic of Poland . Diplomatic and politic activity . From September 1990 to March 1995 , Bartoszewski held the position of Ambassador of the Polish Republic to Austria . On 28 April 1995 , he delivered a speech during the solemn joint session of the Bundestag and Bundesrat on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the ending of World War II as the only foreign speaker . On 22 December 1995 , he resigned from his office due to the end of Lech Wałęsas presidential term . Once again , Bartoszewski became chief of Polish Internal Affairs in June 2000 in Jerzy Buzeks government . From 1997 to 2001 , he was the Senator of the fourth term and the chairperson in the Office for International Affairs and European Integration . As a Senior Speaker he chaired the inaugural session of the Senate of the Republic of Poland . On 21 November 2007 , Bartoszewski was named Secretary of State in the Office of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers ( Prime Minister Donald Tusk ) and plenipotentiary for international affairs . Social and academic activity . From June 1990 , Bartoszewski was chairperson of the International Council of the National Auschwitz Museum . From 1991 to 1995 , he was the member of the National Council for Polish-Jewish Relations from the presidential office . From March 1995 , he was the deputy chairman of the Polish PEN . In 1996 , he received an honorary doctorate of the University of Wrocław . Starting in June 2001 , Bartoszewski was the leader of the Council for the Protection of Memory of Combat and Martyrdom . On 27 January 2005 , on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau , he delivered speeches as the representative of the Polish inmates of concentration camps . For many years he was a strong supporter of the Polish-Jewish and Polish-German reconciliation . Through his journalistic and academic activity he contributed to retaining the memory of the Polish Underground State , the Warsaw Uprising and the crimes of totalitarism . From 26 January to 29 June 2006 , Bartoszewski headed the board of LOT Polish Airlines . He was a member of the Polish Writers Association . He was also chairperson of the Polish Institute of International Affairs in Warsaw , but resigned from the position on 29 August 2006 . The reason was that there was no reaction from then-Minister of Foreign Affairs Anna Fotyga to the accusations formulated by deputy Minister of Defense Antoni Macierewicz who alleged that most of hitherto Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Third Republic of Poland were former agents of the Soviet special services according to files known as fałszywkas produced by the SB secret police . Bartoszewskis scholarly credentials were controversial . He had no university degree but used the title of professor , suggesting that he had an academic degree . After objections from the German and Polish academic communities , the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs removed the title of professor before Bartoszewskis name from its web page . Despite his lack of formal academic qualifications , Bartoszewski taught graduate-level history courses at several accredited and prestigious universities , including the renowned KUL ( John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin ) , which lists Bartoszewski as a reader in modern history ( and chair of Polish Postwar History ) in the Faculty of Humanities , 1973–1985 , and awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2008 . From April 2009 he was a council member of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation . In July 2010 he became a member of the International Council of the Austrian Service Abroad . At a joint conference of the Polish Institute of International Affairs ( PISM ) and the Israel Council on Foreign Relations ( ICFR ) held in Warsaw in November 2017 , ICFR director Laurence Weinbaum paid tribute to Bartoszewski and said he had played an important role in developing relations between Poland and Israel : “At a time when in certain quarters we are witness to shameless opportunism and the grotesque obfuscation of history , his legacy resonates especially strongly . Bartoszewski taught people that bellicose jingoism and intolerance should not be confused with the true love of ones country and that a society that gives way to its basest instincts is doomed to ruin . Personal life . Władysław Bartoszewski was first married to Antonina Mijal , but that marriage ended in divorce . He later married Zofia Bartoszewska in 1967 ; they remained married until his death in 2015 . His son , Władysław Teofil Bartoszewski , was born in 1955 . He is an academic historian who has written on Polish Jewish history . He is the author of the 1991 book , The Convent at Auschwitz , George Braziller , . On 24 April 2015 , Bartoszewski was admitted to a Warsaw hospital , dying shortly after arrival of a heart attack , aged 93 . Flags at the parliament were lowered to half-staff in Bartoszewskis honor . Bartoszewski was survived by wife Zofia and son Władysław Teofil . Bartoszewskis funeral was on 4 May and was buried at Powązki Military Cemetery . Publications . English . - 1968 Warsaw Death Ring : 1939–1944 , Interpres . - 1969 Righteous Among Nations : How Poles Helped the Jews 1939–1945 , ed . with Zofia Lewin , Earlscourt Pub , UK; , . - 1970 The Samaritans : Heroes of the Holocaust , ed . with Zofia Lewin , Twayne Publishers , New York . - 1988 The Warsaw Ghetto : A Christians Testimony , Beacon Press ; . - 1991 The Jews in Warsaw : A History , ed . with Antony Polonsky , Blackwell Publishing ; . Polish . - Konspiracyjne Varsaviana poetyckie 1939–1944 : zarys informacyjny ( Warszawa 1962 ) - Organizacja małego sabotażu Wawer w Warszawie ( 1940–1944 ) ( 1966 ) - Ten jest z Ojczyzny mojej . Polacy z pomocą Żydom 1939–1945 ( oprac . wspólnie z Zofią Lewinówną ; Znak 1967 , 1969 ) - Warszawski pierścień śmierci 1939–1944 ( 1967 , 1970 ; ponadto wydania w języku angielskim 1968 i niemieckim 1970 ) - Kronika wydarzeń w Warszawie 1939–1949 ( oprac. ; wespół z Bogdanem Brzezińskim i Leszkiem Moczulskim ; Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1970 ) - Ludność cywilna w Powstaniu Warszawskim . Prasa , druki ulotne i inne publikacje powstańcze t . I-III ( oprac. ; praca zbiorowa ; Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1974 ) - 1859 dni Warszawy ( introduction by Aleksander Gieysztor ; bibliography of W . Bartoszewski by Zofia Steczowicz-Sajderowa ; index by Zofia Bartoszewska ; Znak 1974 ; 2nd edition expanded : 1984 , ) - Polskie Państwo Podziemne ( inauguracyjny wykład TKN wygłoszony w Warszawie 2 XI 1979 ; II obieg ; Niezależna Oficyna Wydawnicza NOWa 1979 , 1980 ; OW Solidarność MKZ , Wrocław 1981 ; Komitet Wyzwolenia Społecznego 1981 ; Agencja Informacyjna Solidarności Walczącej , Lublin 1985 ) - Los Żydów Warszawy 1939–1943 . W czterdziestą rocznicę powstania w getcie warszawskim ( Puls , Londyn 1983 ; Bez Cięć 1985 [ II obieg ] ; Międzyzakładowa Struktura Solidarności 1985 [ II obieg ] ; wydanie 2 poprawione i rozszerzone : Puls 1988 , ; Fakt , Łódź 1989 [ II obieg ] ) - Jesień nadziei : warto być przyzwoitym ( II obieg ; tł . z wydania zach.-niem. ; posłowie Reinholda Lehmanna ; [ Lublin ] : Spotkania 1984 , 1986 ) - Dni walczącej stolicy . Kronika Powstania Warszawskiego ( Aneks , Londyn 1984 ; Krąg , Warszawa 1984 [ II obieg ] ; Alfa 1989 , ; Świat Książki 2004 , ) - Metody i praktyki Bezpieki w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu PRL ( pod pseud . Jan Kowalski ; II obieg ; Grupy Polityczne Wola , Ogólnopolski Komitet Oporu Robotników Solidarność 1985 ; Biuletyn Łódzki 1985 ; Apel 1986 ; Rota 1986 ) - Syndykat zbrodni ( pod pseudonimem ZZZ ; 1986 ) - Na drodze do niepodległości ( Editions Spotkania , Paryż 1987 , ) - Warto być przyzwoitym . szkic do pamiętnika ( II obieg ; CDN 1988 ) - Warto być przyzwoitym . Teksty osobiste i nieosobiste ( Polskie tłumaczenie książki pt. : Herbst der Hoffnungen : es lohnt sich , anständig zu sein ; Wydawnictwo Polskiej Prowincji Dominikanów W drodze 1990 , ; wydanie 2 zmienione : 2005 , ) - Ponad podziałami . Wybrane przemówienia i wywiady – lipiec-grudzień 2000 ( Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2001 , ) - Wspólna europejska odpowiedzialność . Wybrane przemówienia i wywiady , styczeń-lipiec 2001 ( Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2001 , ) - Moja Jerozolima , mój Izrael . Władysław Bartoszewski w rozmowie z Joanną Szwedowską ( posłowie : Andrzej Paczkowski ; Rosner i Wspólnicy 2005 , ) - Władysław Bartoszewski : wywiad-rzeka ( rozmowy z Michałem Komarem ; Świat Książki 2006 , ) - Dziennik z internowania . Jaworze 15 December 1981 – 19 April 1982 ( Świat Książki 2006 ) - Pisma wybrane 1942–1957 , Tom I ( Universitas 2007 , ) German . - Die polnische Untergrundpresse in den Jahren 1939 bis 1945 ( Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt , Konstanz 1967 ) - Das Warschauer Ghetto wie es wirklich war . Zeugenbericht eines Christen ( 1983 ; also American and English edition ) - Herbst der Hoffnungen : Es lohnt sich , anständig zu sein ( Herder 1983 ; ; 1984 , ; 1986 , ) - Aus der Geschichte lernen ? Aufsätze und Reden zur Kriegs- und Nachkriegsgeschichte Polens ( foreword : Stanisław Lem ; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag , Munich 1986 ) - Uns eint vergossenes Blut . Juden und Polen in der Zeit der Endlösung ( 1987 ) - Polen und Juden in der Zeit der Endlösung ( Informationszentrum im Dienste der christlich-jüdischen Verständigung , Wien 1990 ; ) - Kein Frieden ohne Freiheit . Betrachtungen eines Zeitzeugen am Ende des Jahrhunderts ( 2000 ) - Und reiß uns den Hass aus der Seele ( Deutsch-Polnischer Verlag 2005 ; ) References . The article was originally a translation of its Polish version ( ) , with additions from the German version . External links . - Władysław Bartoszewski – Blog - Address by the former Foreign Minister of Poland Wladislaw Bartoszewski at the ceremony of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau , 27 January 2005 see page 156 , 157 - Władysław Bartoszewski – Interviews about Polish-Jewish relations - About Władysław Bartoszewski at Yad Vashem website - Audio recordings with Władysław Bartoszewski in the Online Archive of the Österreichische Mediathek ( Interviews and lectures in German ) . Retrieved 18 September 2019

easy

What was the position of Władysław Bartoszewski from Jun 2000 to Oct 2001?

/wiki/Władysław_Bartoszewski#P39#2

Władysław Bartoszewski Władysław Bartoszewski ( ; 19 February 1922 – 24 April 2015 ) was a Polish politician , social activist , journalist , writer and historian . A former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner , he was a World War II resistance fighter as part of the Polish underground and participated in the Warsaw Uprising . After the war he was persecuted and imprisoned by the communist Polish Peoples Republic due to his membership in the Home Army ( Armia Krajowa , AK ) and opposition activity . After the collapse of the communist regime , Bartoszewski served twice as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from March through December 1995 and again from 2000 to 2001 . He was also an ambassador and a member of the Polish Senate . Bartoszewski was a close ally and friend of Polish anti-Communist activist and later president Lech Wałęsa . Bartoszewski was a chevalier of the Order of the White Eagle , an honorary citizen of Israel , and a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy . Early life . Bartoszewski was born in Warsaw to a Catholic family . He studied at Saint Stanisław Kostka Secondary School . In 1939 he graduated from The Humanist High School of the Roman Catholic Future Educational Society in Warsaw . World War II . In September 1939 , Bartoszewski took part in the civil defense of Warsaw as a stretcher-bearer . From May 1940 , he worked in the first social clinic of the Polish Red Cross in Warsaw . On 19 September 1940 , Bartoszewski was detained in the Warsaw district of Żoliborz during a surprise round-up of members of the public ( łapanka ) , along with some 2,000 civilians ( among them , Witold Pilecki ) . From 22 September 1940 , he was detained in Auschwitz concentration camp ( his inmate number was 4427 ) . Due to actions undertaken by the Polish Red Cross , he was released from Auschwitz on 8 April 1941 . Polish Underground State . After his release from Auschwitz , Bartoszewski contacted the Association of Armed Struggle ( Związek Walki Zbrojnej ) . In the summer of 1941 , he reported on his concentration camp imprisonment to the Information Department of the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army ( Armia Krajowa , or AK , a reformed version of the Association of Armed Struggle and the largest resistance movement in Poland ) . In 1942 , he joined the Front for the Rebirth of Poland ( Front Odrodzenia Polski ) , which was a secret , Catholic , social-educational and charity organization founded by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka . From October 1941 until 1944 , Bartoszewski studied Polish studies in the secret Humanist Department of Warsaw University . At this time , higher education of Poles was outlawed by the German occupational authorities . In August 1942 , Bartoszewski became a soldier of the Home Army , working as a reporter in the P Subdivision of the Information Department of its Information and Propaganda Bureau . His pseudonym Teofil was inspired by Teofil Grodzicki , a fictional character from Jan Parandowskis novel entitled The Sky in Flames . He cooperated with Kazimierz Moczarski in the two-man P-1 report of the P subdivision . From September 1942 , Bartoszewski was active on behalf of the Front for the Rebirth of Poland in the Provisional Committee for Aid to Jews and its successor organization , the Council for Aid to Jews ( codenamed Żegota ) . Żegota , a Polish World War II resistance organization whose objective was to help Jews during the Holocaust , operated under the auspices of the Polish Government in Exile through the Delegatura , its presence in Warsaw . He remained a member of Żegota until the Warsaw Uprising . In 1943 , he replaced Witold Bieńkowski in the Jewish Department of the Delegatura . From November 1942 to September 1943 , Bartoszewski was an editorial team secretary of the Catholic magazine Prawda ( The Truth ) , the press organ of the Front for the Rebirth of Poland . From fall of 1942 until spring of 1944 , Bartoszewski was the editor-in-chief of the Catholic magazine Prawda Młodych ( The Youths Truth ) , which was also connected with the Front for the Rebirth of Poland and aimed at university and high-school students . In November 1942 , Bartoszewski became a vice-manager of a division created in the Department of Internal Affairs of the Delegatura , whose remit was to help prisoners of Pawiak prison . In February 1943 , Bartoszewski became a reporter and vice-manager of the Departments Jewish Report . As a part of his activities for Żegota and the Jewish Report , he organized assistance for the participants of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in April 1943 . On 1 August 1944 , Bartoszewski began his participation in the Warsaw Uprising . He was an aide to the commander of radio post Asma and editor-in-chief of the magazine The News from the City and The Radio News . On 20 September , by orders from the commandant of the Warsaw District of the AK , General Antoni Monter Chruściel , Bartoszewski was decorated with the Silver Cross of Merit . This was the result of a proposal put forward by the chief of the Information and Propaganda Bureau in General Headquarters of the Home Army , Colonel Jan Rzepecki ) . On 1 October , he was appointed Second Lieutenant by the AK commander general Tadeusz Bór Komorowski ( also due to a proposal by Rzepecki ) . He received the Cross of Valor order on 4 October . Post-World War II . Bartoszewski left Warsaw on 7 October 1944 . He continued his underground activity in the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army at its General Headquarters in Kraków . From November 1944 to January 1945 , he held a position as editorial team secretary for Information Bulletin . At the end of February 1945 , he returned to Warsaw , where he began his service in the information and propaganda section of NIE resistance movement . From May to August 1945 , Bartoszewski was serving in the sixth unit of the Delegatura ( he was responsible for information and propaganda ) under the supervision of Kazimierz Moczarski ) . On 10 October 1945 , he revealed that he had served in the AK . In Autumn 1945 , Bartoszewski started his cooperation with the Institute of National Remembrance at the presidium of the government and the Head Commission of Examination of German Crimes in Poland . His information gathered during the occupation period about the Nazi crimes , the situation in concentration camps and prisons , as well as his knowledge concerning the Jewish genocide , appeared to be very helpful . In February 1946 he began his work in the editorial section of Gazeta Ludowa ( Peoples Gazette ) , the main press organ of the Polish Peoples Party ( Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe , PSL ) . Soon , he joined the PSL , at that time the only influential party in opposition to the communist government . In the articles published in Gazeta Ludowa , he mentioned the outstanding figures of the Polish Underground State ( the interview with Stefan Korboński , the report from the funeral of Jan Piekałkiewicz ) , and the events connected with the fight for liberation of the country ( a series of sketches presenting the Warsaw Uprising entitled Dzień Walczącej Stolicy ) . Due to his collaboration with the PSL , Bartoszewski became subject to repressions by the security services . On 15 November 1946 , he was falsely accused of being a spy , resulting in him being arrested and held by the Ministry of Public Security of Poland . In December , he was transferred to the Mokotów Prison ; he was released on 10 April 1948 , with the help of Zofia Rudnicka ( a former chief of Żegota , then working in the Ministry of Justice ) . Although Bartoszewski was accepted into the third year of Polish Studies in December 1948 , his arrest in 1949 and the resulting five years imprisonment rendered him unable to finish his studies . Bartoszewski was again arrested on 14 December 1949 . On 29 May 1952 , he was sentenced by the Military District Court to eight years in prison due to the false charge of espionage . In April 1954 , he was moved to the prison in Rawicz and in June to the prison in Racibórz . He was released in August 1954 on a years parole due to his bad health condition . On 2 March 1955 , during the wave of de-Stalinization , Bartoszewski was informed he was wrongly sentenced . Career . Literary , academic and journalistic activity . After Bartoszewski was found wrongly sentenced and released from prison , he returned to his journalistic activity . Since August 1955 , he was the editor-in-chief of specialist publishing houses of the Polish Librarians Association . Since July 1956 , he was publishing his articles in Stolica weekly , and since January 1957 he was a member of an editorial section . From the Summer of 1958 to December 1960 , he held the position of the secretary of the editorial section . In August 1957 , Bartoszewski began working with Tygodnik Powszechny ( Universal Weekly ) . Since July 1982 , he was a member of the editorial section . In November 1958 , Bartoszewski was again accepted by the Linguistic Department of Warsaw University , in extramural mode . He submitted his masters thesis written under the supervision of professor Julian Krzyżanowski . However , by decision of the vice-chancellor , he was expelled from the university in October 1962 . On 18 April 1963 , Bartoszewski was decorated with the Polonia Restituta medal for his help to the Jews during the war . The proposal was put forward by the Jewish Historical Institute . Between September and November 1963 , he resided in Israel at the invitation of the Yad Vashem Institute . In the name of the Council for Aid to Jews , he received the diploma of the Righteous Among the Nations . In 1966 , he received the medal of the Righteous Among the Nations . In memoriam , former Israeli Ambassador Govrin will later write : Władysław Bartoszewski will always be remembered as an individual who greatly contributed to the strengthening of Polish-Israeli ties , well before diplomatic ties were renewed and well after . From November to December 1963 , Bartoszewski lived in Austria , where he entered into communication with Austrian intellectual and political societies . In November 1963 , he begun his cooperation with Radio Free Europe . In the next years , he was traveling to the Federal Republic of Germany , Great Britain , Italy , Israel and the United States , where he got in touch mainly with some of the representatives of Polish emigration ( among others with Jan Nowak-Jeziorański , Jan Karski , Czesław Miłosz and Gustaw Herling-Grudziński ) . In 1969–73 , Bartoszewski served as the chairman of the Warsaw Department of the Society of Book Lovers ( Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Książki ) and in December 1969 he was appointed a member of the board of the Polish PEN . From 1972 to 1983 , he served as the chief secretary of the Polish PEN . In 1973–82 , and again in 1984–85 , Bartoszewski lectured as a senior lecturer ( the counterpart of vice-professor ) . His lectures concerned modern history ( with the special emphasis on the war and occupation ) in the Institute of Modern History on the Humanistic Science Department of KUL ( Catholic University of Lublin ) . In December 1981 , he was an active participant in the First Polish Culture Congress , which was interrupted by the enforcement of martial law in Poland . In 1983–1984 and 1986–1988 , Bartoszewski lectured at the Institute of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences at the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich ( as well as the Media Science Institute at the same university in 1989–90 ) . He was named Visiting Professor by the Bavarian government . In 1984 , he received an honorary doctorate from Hebrew College in Baltimore ( USA ) as well as a certificate of the recognition from the American Jewish Committee in New York . From May 1984 , Bartoszewski was a full member of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America . From 1986 he served as one of the deputy-chairmen at the Institute of Polish-Jewish Studies at the University of Oxford . In the academic year 1985 he was lecturing at the Faculty of History and Social Sciences at the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt in the Federal Republic of Germany . From 1988 to 1989 , he lectured at the Institute of Political Science in the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences at the University of Augsburg . In 1992 he was appointed a member of the Independent Commission of Experts ( ICE ) 1992–2002 which was set up by the Swiss parliament to examine the refugee policy of the Switzerland during World War II as well as economic and financial relationships between Switzerland and Nazi Germany . Bartoszewski took part in many international conferences and seminars dedicated to the issues of World War II , the Jewish genocide , Polish-German and Polish-Jewish relationships as well as the role of Polish intellectualists in politics . He delivered a number of lectures and reports on the various international forums . Opposition activity . In 1970 , due to his opposition activity and various relations in Western countries , Bartoszewski was forbidden to publish his works in Poland ( until autumn 1974 ) . He also fell victim to searches , denials of passport and distributing forgeries ) . In 1974 , he was engaged in activity focusing on reprieving the convicted members of the organization ( among others Stefan Niesiołowski and Andrzej Czuma ) . In January 1976 , as one of the first , Bartoszewski signed the letter of intellectualists protesting against the introduction of changes into the constitution of the Peoples Republic of Poland . He helped establish the Society for Educational Courses and he lectured at the Flying University . On 21 August 1980 , Bartoszewski signed the intellectuals letter to the protesting workers from the Polish coast . During 1980/1981 he was a member of Solidarity . After announcing martial law on 13 December 1981 , he was a detainee in Białołęka prison and later in the Internment Center in Jaworze at Drawsko Pomorskie Military Training Area . He was released on 28 April 1982 due to the support from intellectual communities from Poland and from abroad . In 1981 , Edward Raczyński , the President of Poland in exile , proposed Bartoszewski as his successor so Bartoszewski could become president in exile after his resignation . Raczyński , according to his own words , wanted someone from the country and not the emigre circles as well as with strong ties to the opposition in Poland . Bartoszewski , however , graciously refused . In 1987 Raczyńskis final successor , Kazimierz Sabbat , also proposed Batoszewski be nominated , but he declined . Had he accepted the position , he would have succeeded Sabbat after his sudden death in 1989 . Third Republic of Poland . Diplomatic and politic activity . From September 1990 to March 1995 , Bartoszewski held the position of Ambassador of the Polish Republic to Austria . On 28 April 1995 , he delivered a speech during the solemn joint session of the Bundestag and Bundesrat on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the ending of World War II as the only foreign speaker . On 22 December 1995 , he resigned from his office due to the end of Lech Wałęsas presidential term . Once again , Bartoszewski became chief of Polish Internal Affairs in June 2000 in Jerzy Buzeks government . From 1997 to 2001 , he was the Senator of the fourth term and the chairperson in the Office for International Affairs and European Integration . As a Senior Speaker he chaired the inaugural session of the Senate of the Republic of Poland . On 21 November 2007 , Bartoszewski was named Secretary of State in the Office of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers ( Prime Minister Donald Tusk ) and plenipotentiary for international affairs . Social and academic activity . From June 1990 , Bartoszewski was chairperson of the International Council of the National Auschwitz Museum . From 1991 to 1995 , he was the member of the National Council for Polish-Jewish Relations from the presidential office . From March 1995 , he was the deputy chairman of the Polish PEN . In 1996 , he received an honorary doctorate of the University of Wrocław . Starting in June 2001 , Bartoszewski was the leader of the Council for the Protection of Memory of Combat and Martyrdom . On 27 January 2005 , on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau , he delivered speeches as the representative of the Polish inmates of concentration camps . For many years he was a strong supporter of the Polish-Jewish and Polish-German reconciliation . Through his journalistic and academic activity he contributed to retaining the memory of the Polish Underground State , the Warsaw Uprising and the crimes of totalitarism . From 26 January to 29 June 2006 , Bartoszewski headed the board of LOT Polish Airlines . He was a member of the Polish Writers Association . He was also chairperson of the Polish Institute of International Affairs in Warsaw , but resigned from the position on 29 August 2006 . The reason was that there was no reaction from then-Minister of Foreign Affairs Anna Fotyga to the accusations formulated by deputy Minister of Defense Antoni Macierewicz who alleged that most of hitherto Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Third Republic of Poland were former agents of the Soviet special services according to files known as fałszywkas produced by the SB secret police . Bartoszewskis scholarly credentials were controversial . He had no university degree but used the title of professor , suggesting that he had an academic degree . After objections from the German and Polish academic communities , the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs removed the title of professor before Bartoszewskis name from its web page . Despite his lack of formal academic qualifications , Bartoszewski taught graduate-level history courses at several accredited and prestigious universities , including the renowned KUL ( John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin ) , which lists Bartoszewski as a reader in modern history ( and chair of Polish Postwar History ) in the Faculty of Humanities , 1973–1985 , and awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2008 . From April 2009 he was a council member of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation . In July 2010 he became a member of the International Council of the Austrian Service Abroad . At a joint conference of the Polish Institute of International Affairs ( PISM ) and the Israel Council on Foreign Relations ( ICFR ) held in Warsaw in November 2017 , ICFR director Laurence Weinbaum paid tribute to Bartoszewski and said he had played an important role in developing relations between Poland and Israel : “At a time when in certain quarters we are witness to shameless opportunism and the grotesque obfuscation of history , his legacy resonates especially strongly . Bartoszewski taught people that bellicose jingoism and intolerance should not be confused with the true love of ones country and that a society that gives way to its basest instincts is doomed to ruin . Personal life . Władysław Bartoszewski was first married to Antonina Mijal , but that marriage ended in divorce . He later married Zofia Bartoszewska in 1967 ; they remained married until his death in 2015 . His son , Władysław Teofil Bartoszewski , was born in 1955 . He is an academic historian who has written on Polish Jewish history . He is the author of the 1991 book , The Convent at Auschwitz , George Braziller , . On 24 April 2015 , Bartoszewski was admitted to a Warsaw hospital , dying shortly after arrival of a heart attack , aged 93 . Flags at the parliament were lowered to half-staff in Bartoszewskis honor . Bartoszewski was survived by wife Zofia and son Władysław Teofil . Bartoszewskis funeral was on 4 May and was buried at Powązki Military Cemetery . Publications . English . - 1968 Warsaw Death Ring : 1939–1944 , Interpres . - 1969 Righteous Among Nations : How Poles Helped the Jews 1939–1945 , ed . with Zofia Lewin , Earlscourt Pub , UK; , . - 1970 The Samaritans : Heroes of the Holocaust , ed . with Zofia Lewin , Twayne Publishers , New York . - 1988 The Warsaw Ghetto : A Christians Testimony , Beacon Press ; . - 1991 The Jews in Warsaw : A History , ed . with Antony Polonsky , Blackwell Publishing ; . Polish . - Konspiracyjne Varsaviana poetyckie 1939–1944 : zarys informacyjny ( Warszawa 1962 ) - Organizacja małego sabotażu Wawer w Warszawie ( 1940–1944 ) ( 1966 ) - Ten jest z Ojczyzny mojej . Polacy z pomocą Żydom 1939–1945 ( oprac . wspólnie z Zofią Lewinówną ; Znak 1967 , 1969 ) - Warszawski pierścień śmierci 1939–1944 ( 1967 , 1970 ; ponadto wydania w języku angielskim 1968 i niemieckim 1970 ) - Kronika wydarzeń w Warszawie 1939–1949 ( oprac. ; wespół z Bogdanem Brzezińskim i Leszkiem Moczulskim ; Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1970 ) - Ludność cywilna w Powstaniu Warszawskim . Prasa , druki ulotne i inne publikacje powstańcze t . I-III ( oprac. ; praca zbiorowa ; Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1974 ) - 1859 dni Warszawy ( introduction by Aleksander Gieysztor ; bibliography of W . Bartoszewski by Zofia Steczowicz-Sajderowa ; index by Zofia Bartoszewska ; Znak 1974 ; 2nd edition expanded : 1984 , ) - Polskie Państwo Podziemne ( inauguracyjny wykład TKN wygłoszony w Warszawie 2 XI 1979 ; II obieg ; Niezależna Oficyna Wydawnicza NOWa 1979 , 1980 ; OW Solidarność MKZ , Wrocław 1981 ; Komitet Wyzwolenia Społecznego 1981 ; Agencja Informacyjna Solidarności Walczącej , Lublin 1985 ) - Los Żydów Warszawy 1939–1943 . W czterdziestą rocznicę powstania w getcie warszawskim ( Puls , Londyn 1983 ; Bez Cięć 1985 [ II obieg ] ; Międzyzakładowa Struktura Solidarności 1985 [ II obieg ] ; wydanie 2 poprawione i rozszerzone : Puls 1988 , ; Fakt , Łódź 1989 [ II obieg ] ) - Jesień nadziei : warto być przyzwoitym ( II obieg ; tł . z wydania zach.-niem. ; posłowie Reinholda Lehmanna ; [ Lublin ] : Spotkania 1984 , 1986 ) - Dni walczącej stolicy . Kronika Powstania Warszawskiego ( Aneks , Londyn 1984 ; Krąg , Warszawa 1984 [ II obieg ] ; Alfa 1989 , ; Świat Książki 2004 , ) - Metody i praktyki Bezpieki w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu PRL ( pod pseud . Jan Kowalski ; II obieg ; Grupy Polityczne Wola , Ogólnopolski Komitet Oporu Robotników Solidarność 1985 ; Biuletyn Łódzki 1985 ; Apel 1986 ; Rota 1986 ) - Syndykat zbrodni ( pod pseudonimem ZZZ ; 1986 ) - Na drodze do niepodległości ( Editions Spotkania , Paryż 1987 , ) - Warto być przyzwoitym . szkic do pamiętnika ( II obieg ; CDN 1988 ) - Warto być przyzwoitym . Teksty osobiste i nieosobiste ( Polskie tłumaczenie książki pt. : Herbst der Hoffnungen : es lohnt sich , anständig zu sein ; Wydawnictwo Polskiej Prowincji Dominikanów W drodze 1990 , ; wydanie 2 zmienione : 2005 , ) - Ponad podziałami . Wybrane przemówienia i wywiady – lipiec-grudzień 2000 ( Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2001 , ) - Wspólna europejska odpowiedzialność . Wybrane przemówienia i wywiady , styczeń-lipiec 2001 ( Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2001 , ) - Moja Jerozolima , mój Izrael . Władysław Bartoszewski w rozmowie z Joanną Szwedowską ( posłowie : Andrzej Paczkowski ; Rosner i Wspólnicy 2005 , ) - Władysław Bartoszewski : wywiad-rzeka ( rozmowy z Michałem Komarem ; Świat Książki 2006 , ) - Dziennik z internowania . Jaworze 15 December 1981 – 19 April 1982 ( Świat Książki 2006 ) - Pisma wybrane 1942–1957 , Tom I ( Universitas 2007 , ) German . - Die polnische Untergrundpresse in den Jahren 1939 bis 1945 ( Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt , Konstanz 1967 ) - Das Warschauer Ghetto wie es wirklich war . Zeugenbericht eines Christen ( 1983 ; also American and English edition ) - Herbst der Hoffnungen : Es lohnt sich , anständig zu sein ( Herder 1983 ; ; 1984 , ; 1986 , ) - Aus der Geschichte lernen ? Aufsätze und Reden zur Kriegs- und Nachkriegsgeschichte Polens ( foreword : Stanisław Lem ; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag , Munich 1986 ) - Uns eint vergossenes Blut . Juden und Polen in der Zeit der Endlösung ( 1987 ) - Polen und Juden in der Zeit der Endlösung ( Informationszentrum im Dienste der christlich-jüdischen Verständigung , Wien 1990 ; ) - Kein Frieden ohne Freiheit . Betrachtungen eines Zeitzeugen am Ende des Jahrhunderts ( 2000 ) - Und reiß uns den Hass aus der Seele ( Deutsch-Polnischer Verlag 2005 ; ) References . The article was originally a translation of its Polish version ( ) , with additions from the German version . External links . - Władysław Bartoszewski – Blog - Address by the former Foreign Minister of Poland Wladislaw Bartoszewski at the ceremony of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau , 27 January 2005 see page 156 , 157 - Władysław Bartoszewski – Interviews about Polish-Jewish relations - About Władysław Bartoszewski at Yad Vashem website - Audio recordings with Władysław Bartoszewski in the Online Archive of the Österreichische Mediathek ( Interviews and lectures in German ) . Retrieved 18 September 2019

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What position did Mona Sahlin take from Oct 1994 to Nov 1995?

/wiki/Mona_Sahlin#P39#0

Mona Sahlin Mona Ingeborg Sahlin ( ; ; born 9 March 1957 ) is a Swedish politician who was leader of the opposition and leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 2007 to 2011 . Sahlin was a Member of Parliament , representing Stockholm County , from 1982 to 1996 and again from 2002 to 2011 . She has also held various ministerial posts in the Swedish government from 1990 to 1991 , from 1994 to 1995 and from 1998 to 2006 . Sahlin was elected new leader of the Social Democratic Party on 17 March 2007 , succeeding Göran Persson who resigned as leader following the defeat in the 2006 general election . Sahlin is the first female leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and became in 2011 the first since Claes Tholin in 1907 to leave that position without having served as Prime Minister of Sweden . In 2012 , her successor Håkan Juholt joined her as the second now living person to do so . On 14 November 2010 , following another electoral defeat for the Social Democrats , she announced her intent to step down as party chairman , which she did in early 2011 . Youth and education . Sahlin was born Mona Ingeborg Andersson in Sollefteå , Västernorrland County , Sweden . Her father , Hans Andersson , worked at different ungdomsvårdsskolor ( community homes or reformatories ) , forcing the family to move frequently . In the mid 1960s they moved to Järla in Stockholm County where they remained . Her father later became an advisor to former Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson . In 1964 , at the age of seven , Sahlin founded the Swedish Barbie Club ( Barbieklubben ) . During her childhood she also enjoyed soccer and music . In Melodifestivalen 1969 ( the selection for the song to represent Sweden at the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest ) Sahlin performed as one of the back up singers to Jan Malmsjö . The song was written by Benny Andersson and Lasse Berghagen and it came in second place . Sahlin was educated at Nacka Samskola and Södra Latin in Stockholm and completed secondary school in 1977 . From 1976 to 1977 she was vice chairperson of the Swedish Pupils Association ( ) . Thereafter she worked at a private company and later as a trade union representative for the Swedish National Union of State Employees . Political career . At age 13 , Sahlin joined the Swedish support group for the Viet Cong . Sahlins political career began in the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League in Nacka , Stockholm County , in 1973 , at the age of 16 . This was during the Vietnam War , and already as a 13-year-old Sahlin had joined the Swedish FNL group . In the Swedish general election of 1982 Sahlin was elected to the Riksdag as the youngest member of parliament at that time . In 1990 , she became Minister for Employment , but after the Social Democrats lost power in the 1991 election , Sahlin began to serve as chairman of the Riksdags Committee on the Labour Market and as spokesman for the Social Democrats on labour market issues . From 1992 to 1994 she was party secretary . During this period , she openly criticized government reforms , particularly on social welfare and employees rights , maintaining they needed to be reversed . She left her position to rejoin the government as Minister for Gender Equality and Deputy Prime Minister , when the Social Democrats regained power in the 1994 election . In October 1995 , the newspaper Expressen following an investigation led by Christian Democratic Spanish-Swedish Public Auditor Carlos Medina de Rebolledo revealed that Sahlin , who was then serving as Deputy Prime Minister and was widely seen as the main candidate to succeed Ingvar Carlsson as Prime Minister , had charged more than 50,000 Swedish kronor for private expenses on her working charge card , which was only for working expenses . At a news conference she admitted that she had used a Government credit card to buy groceries . She further confessed to having failed to pay 19 parking tickets and several bills for her childrens day care on time . Later , she apologized in a Stockholm newspaper . A preliminary investigation was initiated by the chief prosecutor Jan Danielsson , as a result of the transactions , and was closed in early 1996 when it came to the conclusion that there was no infringement . She eventually paid the bills ( and an extra of 15,000 kronor ) to the Treasury . The controversy was dubbed as the Toblerone affair due to the inclusion of Toblerone bars on the credit card statement . Break from politics and return . From 1996 to 1997 , Sahlin worked as a self-employed owner of a small company and as a television reporter . In 1997 she was elected chairman of the European Council Against Racism and in 1998 she became the head of the Social Democratic youth education school Bommersvik . Sahlin returned to national politics in 1998 when then Prime Minister Göran Persson appointed her as Minister without Portfolio . She served first in the Ministry of Industry , Employment and Communication from 1998 to 2002 , then from 2002 to 2004 in the Ministry of Justice as the Minister for Democracy and Integration , and from 2004 to 2006 in the Ministry of Sustainable Development as the Minister for Sustainable Development . In 2004 , she was the Social Democratic minister for integration of refugees and her public positions indicated an opposition to proposed restrictions on asylum seekers , arguing the all refugees entering Sweden must have the same rights and obligations . Social Democratic Party leadership . After the Social Democratic defeat in the 2006 election , Göran Persson announced his retirement as party leader on the election night . It was clear that the party now wanted a female leader . Mona Sahlin was mentioned as a possible successor , but not considered to be the most likely candidate . Both Margot Wallström and Carin Jämtin received stronger support amongst local and regional party organisations . Ulrica Messing was also mentioned as a possible candidate . Wallström , Jämtin and Messing declared however that they would not stand for the post and instead supported Sahlin , leaving Mona Sahlin as the only serious candidate . On 18 January she was officially asked by the partys Election Committee to stand as party leader , and accepted . On 17 March she was unanimously elected at the extra party congress in Stockholm . In January 2007 , support for the new centre-right government of Sweden had dropped greatly in the polls , which showed the left bloc ( including the Green Party ) as having much stronger support . This provided Mona Sahlin , as leader of the biggest opposition party , with excellent opportunities to lead the opposition against the PM Fredrik Reinfeldt . By April 2009 however , the support had waned and a Demoskop poll published in Expressen showed that the four-party Alliance claimed a combined 50 percent voter support while the Sahlin-led opposition had 45.2 percent . Later the same month a Sifo poll showed that merely 27 percent of Swedes were confident or extremely confident in her leadership ability , while the public confidence in Reinfeldt was measured at 60 percent . Mona Sahlin is often described as a scion of the partys more moderate members , and a number of left-wing party members criticised her candidacy for party leader . Much of this criticism was silenced in January 2007 when the chairman of the Trade Union Confederation , Wanja Lundby-Wedin , expressed full support for Sahlin as well as several powerful party districts around the country . One of her key initiatives was the formation of the Red-Green alliance between the Social Democrats and the Green Party to counter the move to pare back the social welfare system and privatize state-owned assets . In the election to the European Parliament held on 7 June 2009 – Sahlins first election as party leader – the Social Democratic Party received 24.41 percent of the votes ( a slight reduction from the 2004 election in which the party received 24.56 percent ) . The result was the lowest for the Social Democratic Party since the introduction of universal suffrage in Sweden in 1921 . In a speech before trade unionists during the election campaign on 12 May 2009 , Sahlin said : If theres not a plus in front of our figures its a deep failure . She led the Social Democratic Party in the election of September 2010 where she failed to unseat Fredrik Reinfeldt as Prime Minister . The Social Democrats received the lowest recorded percentage of the votes in their long history but were still the largest party in Sweden by a slim margin in 2010 . She resigned as party leader on 25 March 2011 , becoming the second Social Democratic Party leader to have resigned without having served as prime minister . Speaking in 2005 at a Swedish mosque , Sahlin said that many Swedes are envious of immigrants because they have a culture , a history , something that binds them together . Swedes have only Midsummer Night and such silly things . Karen Jespersen , a former Minister of Integration in Denmark , commented : Cultural self-denial cannot easily be more monstrous and ghastly . After the terrorist action in Brussels in March 2016 , Sahlin , who was then serving as national coordinator against violent extremism , maintained in an op-ed that such atrocities were the fault not only of the terrorists themselves but of critics of Islam whose remarks in online chat rooms , in comments fields , and on social media give the extremists their nourishment . Commentator Jenny Sonesson called for her to be dismissed from her position , saying that she knows nothing about Islam . Writing in Expressen , Sakine Madon also criticized Sahlin for her refusal to address the reality of jihadism . On May 5 , 2016 , Sahlin stepped down from her position as Swedens national coordinator against violence-embracing extremism , due to revelations by the newspaper Expressen that she had lied about her bodyguards salary , in order to help him secure a mortgage . The bodyguard had a monthly salary of 43 000 SEK , but Mona Sahlin wrote a confirmation letter stating that he had a salary of 120 000 SEK . When confronted with the issue , she first made a false statement that she had paid the difference out of her own pocket , before retracting the statement after it was proven by Expressen to actually be false . Media were quick to point out similarities to the so-called Toblerone case of the 1990s when Sahlin was caught using her government credit card to pay for private expenses and then dodging the issue when confronted . In November 2017 , Sahlin was found guilty of tax evasion . In 2015 she had failed to declare 151,072 kronor in income from writing and lecturing , and in 2016 she had failed to declare 106.193 kronor . She was required to pay a fine of 23,000 kronor . Personal life . Mona Sahlin has one brother and two sisters . Her brother , Janne Japop Andersson , used to be the lead singer of the pop group Japop and owns his own production company . Her sister Lena ( Ridemar ) is director of negotiation at the Swedish Union of Tenants ( ) and her other sister works at SEB ( Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken ) . In 1976 , Sahlin met the Chilean David Peña at a Social Democrat youth camp in Kramfors . Their daughter Ann-Sofie was born in 1978 , but the relationship only lasted for a few years . In 1982 she married her current husband Bo Sahlin , with whom she has had three children : Jenny ( b . 1983 ) , Gustav ( b . 1989 ) , and Johan who died after ten months as a result of heart failure . Sahlin has talked openly about the death of her son Johan . External links . - Mona Sahlins page on the Swedish Parliaments web site - Profile : Mona Sahlin in The Local - Article in Expressen about Monas past in Expressen

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What was the position of Mona Sahlin from 2002 to Mar 2007?

/wiki/Mona_Sahlin#P39#1

Mona Sahlin Mona Ingeborg Sahlin ( ; ; born 9 March 1957 ) is a Swedish politician who was leader of the opposition and leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 2007 to 2011 . Sahlin was a Member of Parliament , representing Stockholm County , from 1982 to 1996 and again from 2002 to 2011 . She has also held various ministerial posts in the Swedish government from 1990 to 1991 , from 1994 to 1995 and from 1998 to 2006 . Sahlin was elected new leader of the Social Democratic Party on 17 March 2007 , succeeding Göran Persson who resigned as leader following the defeat in the 2006 general election . Sahlin is the first female leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and became in 2011 the first since Claes Tholin in 1907 to leave that position without having served as Prime Minister of Sweden . In 2012 , her successor Håkan Juholt joined her as the second now living person to do so . On 14 November 2010 , following another electoral defeat for the Social Democrats , she announced her intent to step down as party chairman , which she did in early 2011 . Youth and education . Sahlin was born Mona Ingeborg Andersson in Sollefteå , Västernorrland County , Sweden . Her father , Hans Andersson , worked at different ungdomsvårdsskolor ( community homes or reformatories ) , forcing the family to move frequently . In the mid 1960s they moved to Järla in Stockholm County where they remained . Her father later became an advisor to former Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson . In 1964 , at the age of seven , Sahlin founded the Swedish Barbie Club ( Barbieklubben ) . During her childhood she also enjoyed soccer and music . In Melodifestivalen 1969 ( the selection for the song to represent Sweden at the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest ) Sahlin performed as one of the back up singers to Jan Malmsjö . The song was written by Benny Andersson and Lasse Berghagen and it came in second place . Sahlin was educated at Nacka Samskola and Södra Latin in Stockholm and completed secondary school in 1977 . From 1976 to 1977 she was vice chairperson of the Swedish Pupils Association ( ) . Thereafter she worked at a private company and later as a trade union representative for the Swedish National Union of State Employees . Political career . At age 13 , Sahlin joined the Swedish support group for the Viet Cong . Sahlins political career began in the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League in Nacka , Stockholm County , in 1973 , at the age of 16 . This was during the Vietnam War , and already as a 13-year-old Sahlin had joined the Swedish FNL group . In the Swedish general election of 1982 Sahlin was elected to the Riksdag as the youngest member of parliament at that time . In 1990 , she became Minister for Employment , but after the Social Democrats lost power in the 1991 election , Sahlin began to serve as chairman of the Riksdags Committee on the Labour Market and as spokesman for the Social Democrats on labour market issues . From 1992 to 1994 she was party secretary . During this period , she openly criticized government reforms , particularly on social welfare and employees rights , maintaining they needed to be reversed . She left her position to rejoin the government as Minister for Gender Equality and Deputy Prime Minister , when the Social Democrats regained power in the 1994 election . In October 1995 , the newspaper Expressen following an investigation led by Christian Democratic Spanish-Swedish Public Auditor Carlos Medina de Rebolledo revealed that Sahlin , who was then serving as Deputy Prime Minister and was widely seen as the main candidate to succeed Ingvar Carlsson as Prime Minister , had charged more than 50,000 Swedish kronor for private expenses on her working charge card , which was only for working expenses . At a news conference she admitted that she had used a Government credit card to buy groceries . She further confessed to having failed to pay 19 parking tickets and several bills for her childrens day care on time . Later , she apologized in a Stockholm newspaper . A preliminary investigation was initiated by the chief prosecutor Jan Danielsson , as a result of the transactions , and was closed in early 1996 when it came to the conclusion that there was no infringement . She eventually paid the bills ( and an extra of 15,000 kronor ) to the Treasury . The controversy was dubbed as the Toblerone affair due to the inclusion of Toblerone bars on the credit card statement . Break from politics and return . From 1996 to 1997 , Sahlin worked as a self-employed owner of a small company and as a television reporter . In 1997 she was elected chairman of the European Council Against Racism and in 1998 she became the head of the Social Democratic youth education school Bommersvik . Sahlin returned to national politics in 1998 when then Prime Minister Göran Persson appointed her as Minister without Portfolio . She served first in the Ministry of Industry , Employment and Communication from 1998 to 2002 , then from 2002 to 2004 in the Ministry of Justice as the Minister for Democracy and Integration , and from 2004 to 2006 in the Ministry of Sustainable Development as the Minister for Sustainable Development . In 2004 , she was the Social Democratic minister for integration of refugees and her public positions indicated an opposition to proposed restrictions on asylum seekers , arguing the all refugees entering Sweden must have the same rights and obligations . Social Democratic Party leadership . After the Social Democratic defeat in the 2006 election , Göran Persson announced his retirement as party leader on the election night . It was clear that the party now wanted a female leader . Mona Sahlin was mentioned as a possible successor , but not considered to be the most likely candidate . Both Margot Wallström and Carin Jämtin received stronger support amongst local and regional party organisations . Ulrica Messing was also mentioned as a possible candidate . Wallström , Jämtin and Messing declared however that they would not stand for the post and instead supported Sahlin , leaving Mona Sahlin as the only serious candidate . On 18 January she was officially asked by the partys Election Committee to stand as party leader , and accepted . On 17 March she was unanimously elected at the extra party congress in Stockholm . In January 2007 , support for the new centre-right government of Sweden had dropped greatly in the polls , which showed the left bloc ( including the Green Party ) as having much stronger support . This provided Mona Sahlin , as leader of the biggest opposition party , with excellent opportunities to lead the opposition against the PM Fredrik Reinfeldt . By April 2009 however , the support had waned and a Demoskop poll published in Expressen showed that the four-party Alliance claimed a combined 50 percent voter support while the Sahlin-led opposition had 45.2 percent . Later the same month a Sifo poll showed that merely 27 percent of Swedes were confident or extremely confident in her leadership ability , while the public confidence in Reinfeldt was measured at 60 percent . Mona Sahlin is often described as a scion of the partys more moderate members , and a number of left-wing party members criticised her candidacy for party leader . Much of this criticism was silenced in January 2007 when the chairman of the Trade Union Confederation , Wanja Lundby-Wedin , expressed full support for Sahlin as well as several powerful party districts around the country . One of her key initiatives was the formation of the Red-Green alliance between the Social Democrats and the Green Party to counter the move to pare back the social welfare system and privatize state-owned assets . In the election to the European Parliament held on 7 June 2009 – Sahlins first election as party leader – the Social Democratic Party received 24.41 percent of the votes ( a slight reduction from the 2004 election in which the party received 24.56 percent ) . The result was the lowest for the Social Democratic Party since the introduction of universal suffrage in Sweden in 1921 . In a speech before trade unionists during the election campaign on 12 May 2009 , Sahlin said : If theres not a plus in front of our figures its a deep failure . She led the Social Democratic Party in the election of September 2010 where she failed to unseat Fredrik Reinfeldt as Prime Minister . The Social Democrats received the lowest recorded percentage of the votes in their long history but were still the largest party in Sweden by a slim margin in 2010 . She resigned as party leader on 25 March 2011 , becoming the second Social Democratic Party leader to have resigned without having served as prime minister . Speaking in 2005 at a Swedish mosque , Sahlin said that many Swedes are envious of immigrants because they have a culture , a history , something that binds them together . Swedes have only Midsummer Night and such silly things . Karen Jespersen , a former Minister of Integration in Denmark , commented : Cultural self-denial cannot easily be more monstrous and ghastly . After the terrorist action in Brussels in March 2016 , Sahlin , who was then serving as national coordinator against violent extremism , maintained in an op-ed that such atrocities were the fault not only of the terrorists themselves but of critics of Islam whose remarks in online chat rooms , in comments fields , and on social media give the extremists their nourishment . Commentator Jenny Sonesson called for her to be dismissed from her position , saying that she knows nothing about Islam . Writing in Expressen , Sakine Madon also criticized Sahlin for her refusal to address the reality of jihadism . On May 5 , 2016 , Sahlin stepped down from her position as Swedens national coordinator against violence-embracing extremism , due to revelations by the newspaper Expressen that she had lied about her bodyguards salary , in order to help him secure a mortgage . The bodyguard had a monthly salary of 43 000 SEK , but Mona Sahlin wrote a confirmation letter stating that he had a salary of 120 000 SEK . When confronted with the issue , she first made a false statement that she had paid the difference out of her own pocket , before retracting the statement after it was proven by Expressen to actually be false . Media were quick to point out similarities to the so-called Toblerone case of the 1990s when Sahlin was caught using her government credit card to pay for private expenses and then dodging the issue when confronted . In November 2017 , Sahlin was found guilty of tax evasion . In 2015 she had failed to declare 151,072 kronor in income from writing and lecturing , and in 2016 she had failed to declare 106.193 kronor . She was required to pay a fine of 23,000 kronor . Personal life . Mona Sahlin has one brother and two sisters . Her brother , Janne Japop Andersson , used to be the lead singer of the pop group Japop and owns his own production company . Her sister Lena ( Ridemar ) is director of negotiation at the Swedish Union of Tenants ( ) and her other sister works at SEB ( Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken ) . In 1976 , Sahlin met the Chilean David Peña at a Social Democrat youth camp in Kramfors . Their daughter Ann-Sofie was born in 1978 , but the relationship only lasted for a few years . In 1982 she married her current husband Bo Sahlin , with whom she has had three children : Jenny ( b . 1983 ) , Gustav ( b . 1989 ) , and Johan who died after ten months as a result of heart failure . Sahlin has talked openly about the death of her son Johan . External links . - Mona Sahlins page on the Swedish Parliaments web site - Profile : Mona Sahlin in The Local - Article in Expressen about Monas past in Expressen

easy

Which position did Mona Sahlin hold from Mar 2007 to Mar 2011?

/wiki/Mona_Sahlin#P39#2

Mona Sahlin Mona Ingeborg Sahlin ( ; ; born 9 March 1957 ) is a Swedish politician who was leader of the opposition and leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 2007 to 2011 . Sahlin was a Member of Parliament , representing Stockholm County , from 1982 to 1996 and again from 2002 to 2011 . She has also held various ministerial posts in the Swedish government from 1990 to 1991 , from 1994 to 1995 and from 1998 to 2006 . Sahlin was elected new leader of the Social Democratic Party on 17 March 2007 , succeeding Göran Persson who resigned as leader following the defeat in the 2006 general election . Sahlin is the first female leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and became in 2011 the first since Claes Tholin in 1907 to leave that position without having served as Prime Minister of Sweden . In 2012 , her successor Håkan Juholt joined her as the second now living person to do so . On 14 November 2010 , following another electoral defeat for the Social Democrats , she announced her intent to step down as party chairman , which she did in early 2011 . Youth and education . Sahlin was born Mona Ingeborg Andersson in Sollefteå , Västernorrland County , Sweden . Her father , Hans Andersson , worked at different ungdomsvårdsskolor ( community homes or reformatories ) , forcing the family to move frequently . In the mid 1960s they moved to Järla in Stockholm County where they remained . Her father later became an advisor to former Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson . In 1964 , at the age of seven , Sahlin founded the Swedish Barbie Club ( Barbieklubben ) . During her childhood she also enjoyed soccer and music . In Melodifestivalen 1969 ( the selection for the song to represent Sweden at the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest ) Sahlin performed as one of the back up singers to Jan Malmsjö . The song was written by Benny Andersson and Lasse Berghagen and it came in second place . Sahlin was educated at Nacka Samskola and Södra Latin in Stockholm and completed secondary school in 1977 . From 1976 to 1977 she was vice chairperson of the Swedish Pupils Association ( ) . Thereafter she worked at a private company and later as a trade union representative for the Swedish National Union of State Employees . Political career . At age 13 , Sahlin joined the Swedish support group for the Viet Cong . Sahlins political career began in the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League in Nacka , Stockholm County , in 1973 , at the age of 16 . This was during the Vietnam War , and already as a 13-year-old Sahlin had joined the Swedish FNL group . In the Swedish general election of 1982 Sahlin was elected to the Riksdag as the youngest member of parliament at that time . In 1990 , she became Minister for Employment , but after the Social Democrats lost power in the 1991 election , Sahlin began to serve as chairman of the Riksdags Committee on the Labour Market and as spokesman for the Social Democrats on labour market issues . From 1992 to 1994 she was party secretary . During this period , she openly criticized government reforms , particularly on social welfare and employees rights , maintaining they needed to be reversed . She left her position to rejoin the government as Minister for Gender Equality and Deputy Prime Minister , when the Social Democrats regained power in the 1994 election . In October 1995 , the newspaper Expressen following an investigation led by Christian Democratic Spanish-Swedish Public Auditor Carlos Medina de Rebolledo revealed that Sahlin , who was then serving as Deputy Prime Minister and was widely seen as the main candidate to succeed Ingvar Carlsson as Prime Minister , had charged more than 50,000 Swedish kronor for private expenses on her working charge card , which was only for working expenses . At a news conference she admitted that she had used a Government credit card to buy groceries . She further confessed to having failed to pay 19 parking tickets and several bills for her childrens day care on time . Later , she apologized in a Stockholm newspaper . A preliminary investigation was initiated by the chief prosecutor Jan Danielsson , as a result of the transactions , and was closed in early 1996 when it came to the conclusion that there was no infringement . She eventually paid the bills ( and an extra of 15,000 kronor ) to the Treasury . The controversy was dubbed as the Toblerone affair due to the inclusion of Toblerone bars on the credit card statement . Break from politics and return . From 1996 to 1997 , Sahlin worked as a self-employed owner of a small company and as a television reporter . In 1997 she was elected chairman of the European Council Against Racism and in 1998 she became the head of the Social Democratic youth education school Bommersvik . Sahlin returned to national politics in 1998 when then Prime Minister Göran Persson appointed her as Minister without Portfolio . She served first in the Ministry of Industry , Employment and Communication from 1998 to 2002 , then from 2002 to 2004 in the Ministry of Justice as the Minister for Democracy and Integration , and from 2004 to 2006 in the Ministry of Sustainable Development as the Minister for Sustainable Development . In 2004 , she was the Social Democratic minister for integration of refugees and her public positions indicated an opposition to proposed restrictions on asylum seekers , arguing the all refugees entering Sweden must have the same rights and obligations . Social Democratic Party leadership . After the Social Democratic defeat in the 2006 election , Göran Persson announced his retirement as party leader on the election night . It was clear that the party now wanted a female leader . Mona Sahlin was mentioned as a possible successor , but not considered to be the most likely candidate . Both Margot Wallström and Carin Jämtin received stronger support amongst local and regional party organisations . Ulrica Messing was also mentioned as a possible candidate . Wallström , Jämtin and Messing declared however that they would not stand for the post and instead supported Sahlin , leaving Mona Sahlin as the only serious candidate . On 18 January she was officially asked by the partys Election Committee to stand as party leader , and accepted . On 17 March she was unanimously elected at the extra party congress in Stockholm . In January 2007 , support for the new centre-right government of Sweden had dropped greatly in the polls , which showed the left bloc ( including the Green Party ) as having much stronger support . This provided Mona Sahlin , as leader of the biggest opposition party , with excellent opportunities to lead the opposition against the PM Fredrik Reinfeldt . By April 2009 however , the support had waned and a Demoskop poll published in Expressen showed that the four-party Alliance claimed a combined 50 percent voter support while the Sahlin-led opposition had 45.2 percent . Later the same month a Sifo poll showed that merely 27 percent of Swedes were confident or extremely confident in her leadership ability , while the public confidence in Reinfeldt was measured at 60 percent . Mona Sahlin is often described as a scion of the partys more moderate members , and a number of left-wing party members criticised her candidacy for party leader . Much of this criticism was silenced in January 2007 when the chairman of the Trade Union Confederation , Wanja Lundby-Wedin , expressed full support for Sahlin as well as several powerful party districts around the country . One of her key initiatives was the formation of the Red-Green alliance between the Social Democrats and the Green Party to counter the move to pare back the social welfare system and privatize state-owned assets . In the election to the European Parliament held on 7 June 2009 – Sahlins first election as party leader – the Social Democratic Party received 24.41 percent of the votes ( a slight reduction from the 2004 election in which the party received 24.56 percent ) . The result was the lowest for the Social Democratic Party since the introduction of universal suffrage in Sweden in 1921 . In a speech before trade unionists during the election campaign on 12 May 2009 , Sahlin said : If theres not a plus in front of our figures its a deep failure . She led the Social Democratic Party in the election of September 2010 where she failed to unseat Fredrik Reinfeldt as Prime Minister . The Social Democrats received the lowest recorded percentage of the votes in their long history but were still the largest party in Sweden by a slim margin in 2010 . She resigned as party leader on 25 March 2011 , becoming the second Social Democratic Party leader to have resigned without having served as prime minister . Speaking in 2005 at a Swedish mosque , Sahlin said that many Swedes are envious of immigrants because they have a culture , a history , something that binds them together . Swedes have only Midsummer Night and such silly things . Karen Jespersen , a former Minister of Integration in Denmark , commented : Cultural self-denial cannot easily be more monstrous and ghastly . After the terrorist action in Brussels in March 2016 , Sahlin , who was then serving as national coordinator against violent extremism , maintained in an op-ed that such atrocities were the fault not only of the terrorists themselves but of critics of Islam whose remarks in online chat rooms , in comments fields , and on social media give the extremists their nourishment . Commentator Jenny Sonesson called for her to be dismissed from her position , saying that she knows nothing about Islam . Writing in Expressen , Sakine Madon also criticized Sahlin for her refusal to address the reality of jihadism . On May 5 , 2016 , Sahlin stepped down from her position as Swedens national coordinator against violence-embracing extremism , due to revelations by the newspaper Expressen that she had lied about her bodyguards salary , in order to help him secure a mortgage . The bodyguard had a monthly salary of 43 000 SEK , but Mona Sahlin wrote a confirmation letter stating that he had a salary of 120 000 SEK . When confronted with the issue , she first made a false statement that she had paid the difference out of her own pocket , before retracting the statement after it was proven by Expressen to actually be false . Media were quick to point out similarities to the so-called Toblerone case of the 1990s when Sahlin was caught using her government credit card to pay for private expenses and then dodging the issue when confronted . In November 2017 , Sahlin was found guilty of tax evasion . In 2015 she had failed to declare 151,072 kronor in income from writing and lecturing , and in 2016 she had failed to declare 106.193 kronor . She was required to pay a fine of 23,000 kronor . Personal life . Mona Sahlin has one brother and two sisters . Her brother , Janne Japop Andersson , used to be the lead singer of the pop group Japop and owns his own production company . Her sister Lena ( Ridemar ) is director of negotiation at the Swedish Union of Tenants ( ) and her other sister works at SEB ( Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken ) . In 1976 , Sahlin met the Chilean David Peña at a Social Democrat youth camp in Kramfors . Their daughter Ann-Sofie was born in 1978 , but the relationship only lasted for a few years . In 1982 she married her current husband Bo Sahlin , with whom she has had three children : Jenny ( b . 1983 ) , Gustav ( b . 1989 ) , and Johan who died after ten months as a result of heart failure . Sahlin has talked openly about the death of her son Johan . External links . - Mona Sahlins page on the Swedish Parliaments web site - Profile : Mona Sahlin in The Local - Article in Expressen about Monas past in Expressen

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Where was Epiphanius I of Ukraine educated from 1996 to 1999?

/wiki/Epiphanius_I_of_Ukraine#P69#0

Epiphanius I of Ukraine Metropolitan Epiphanius of Kyiv and All Ukraine ( , secular name : Serhii Petrovych Dumenko , ; born on 3 February 1979 ) is the primate of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine ( OCU ) , holding the title of Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine . Metropolitan Epiphanius served as the Metropolitan bishop of Pereyaslav and Bila Tserkva , in the former original Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( Kyiv Patriarchate ) from 2013 to 2018 . He was a professor of the Department of Biblical and Philological Disciplines of the . He was a member of the and of the International Federation of Journalists . Early life and education . Serhii Petrovych Dumenko was born on 3 February 1979 in Vovkove , Berezivka Raion , in Ukraine . His childhood and school years were in the village of Stara Zhadova in Storozhynets Raion of Chernivtsi Oblast . In 1996 in Stara Zhadova he graduated from high school of I-III grades . In 1996 he entered the Kyiv Theological Seminary , where he graduated in 1999 with a first class degree . In the same year he entered the Kyiv Theological Academy . He graduated as a doctor of theology in 2003 having successfully defended his PhD thesis on the Formation of church-canonical collections in the Donician period and their characteristics . In 2006–2007 he held an internship at the Athens National University in Greece in the Faculty of Philosophy . On 30 August 2012 , following his successful defense of his doctoral dissertation on the topic of the Doctrine of the Orthodox Church on salvation in the context of the continuity of the Holy Fatherland , he was awarded a degree of Doctor of Theology . Ministry . From 1 July 2003 to 31 December 2005 he served as the secretary-referent of the Rivne diocesan administration and the personal secretary of the Metropolitan of Rivne and Ostroh . From 26 August 2003 to 31 December 2005 he was a teacher of the Rivne Seminary , and also held the post of senior assistant inspector . In 2003-2005 , he led the Rivne Pravoslavne ( ) Internet portal , and was also a member of the editorial board of the religious newspaper Dukhovna Nyva ( ) . In December 2005 he was admitted to the . Since the academic year 2007 , he has been a teacher at the , and was appointed head of the philology department . Pn 21 December 2007 , with the blessing of Patriarch Filaret , Archbishop Dimitriy of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytsky made Epiphanius a monk in the Michaels Golden-Domed Monastery . He took the monastic name Epiphanius in honor of Epiphanius of Cyprus . On 20 January 2008 he was ordained hieromonk by Filaret . Later that month ( 25 January ) , he was appointed secretary of the Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus-Ukraine , Filaret . In March 2008 he was ordained an archimandrite in St . Volodymyrs Cathedral . Later that month ( 20 March ) , he was appointed governor of Vydubychi Monastery in Kyiv . On 30 May 2008 , he was appointed manager of the affairs of the Kyivan Patriarchate . On 7 October 2008 he was awarded the title of Associate Professor of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy . On 21 October 2009 , at the Holy Synod of the UOC-KP he was elected Bishop of Vyshhorod , vicar of the Kyiv diocese . On 15 November 2009 , he was ordained a bishop . By the decision of the Holy Synod of the UOC-KP from 27 July 2010 , he was appointed rector of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy and the governor of the Pereiaslav-Khmelnytsky diocese . On 17 November 2011 he was awarded the title of professor of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy . On 23 January 2012 , he was promoted to the rank of Archbishop . By the decision of the Bishops Council of the UOC-KP on 28 June 2013 , he was raised to the rank of Metropolitan of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Bila Tserkva and was appointed patriarchal governor with the rights of the diocesan bishop . On 13 December 2017 he was named Metropolitan of Pereiaslav and Bila Tserkva . In April 2019 , he spoke in support of the law on the Ukrainian language . On August 21 , 2020 , on St . Michael’s Square in Kyiv , Metropolitan Epiphanius consecrated the renovated Wall of Remembrance of Heroes . He also consecrated the church on August 20 in honor of St . Nectarios of Aegina in the village of Khutir Yasny in Kyiv region . On August 29 , on the Day of Remembrance of Defenders of Ukraine , he honored the fallen Ukrainian servicemen . Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church . On 15 December 2018 , at the unification council held in the Cathedral of St . Sophia , he was elected Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine , the first primate of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine . The official name of the primate the Orthodox Church of Ukraine is His Beatitude ( name ) , Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine . Commemoration of the Patriarch of Moscow . On Sunday 16 December 2018 , during Metropolitan Epiphanius first Divine Liturgy as Metropolitan of the OCU following his election , he called for prayers for peace and unity in Ukraine . In the same liturgy , Metropolitan Epiphany also omitted Patriarch Kirill of Moscow from the list of brother primates with whom he is in communion who are usually commemorated at the Great Entrance . Metropolitan Epiphanius later explained in an interview with Ukrainian Direct TV channel : At the moment I do not commemorate him [ the Patriarch of Moscow ] because we are in a state of war , so the Ukrainian people would not accept if the newly-elected primate commemorated the name of the Russian Patriarch . During the Divine Liturgy on 7 January 2019 , after the OCU received its official autocephaly on 5 January 2019 , Metropolitan Epiphanius commemorated the name of Patriarch Kirill during the Great entrance . Epiphanius later told he had done this after the Ecumenical Patriarch had instructed him to do so , and that Filaret had instructed him ( Epiphanius ) not to mention Kirill . Reception of the tomos of autocephaly . On 5 January 2019 , Patriarch Bartholomew and Metropolitan Epiphanius held a liturgy in St . Georges Cathedral in Istanbul ; the tomos of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine was signed thereafter , still in St . Georges Cathedral . The tomos has come into force from the moment of its signing . The signing of the tomos officially established the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine . After the tomos was signed , Metropolitan Epiphanius made a speech , in which he declared about Poroshenko : Your name , Mr President , will forever go down in the history of the Ukrainian people next to the names of the rulers , of our prince Volodymyr the Great , Yaroslav the Wise , Kostyantyn Ostrozky and Hetman Ivan Mazepa . On January 6 , after a liturgy celebrated by Metropolitan Epiphanius and Patriarch Bartholomew , Partriarch Bartholomew read the tomos of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine ( OCU ) and then gave it to Metropolitan Epiphanius . On 8 January 2019 , the tomos was brought back to Istanbul so that all the members of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate could sign the tomos . The tomos was signed by all members of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 9 January 2018 . The tomos , signed by all members of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate , was brought back to Ukraine on the morning of 10 January 2019 . Enthronement . It was planned that Epiphany would be enthroned on 3 February 2019 , which is also the date of his 40th birthday . Thereafter , the first synod of the OCU was to take place . The monasteries of Mount Athos refused to send a delegation for the enthronement ceremony not because the Fathers do not recognize its legitimacy or canonicity , but because they have chosen to stick with what has become official practice and accept invitations only to the enthronement of their ecclesiastical head , the Ecumenical Patriarch . Two abbots of Mount Athos were planned to come at the enthronement but were to be part of the delegation of the Ecumenical Patriarchate . On 1 February , once in Kyiv , Archimandrite Ephrem , one of the two Athonite abbots , was hospitalized for a heart attack . On 2 February , Archimandrite Ephrem was visited by Epiphanius . As planned , Epiphanius was enthroned on 3 February 2019 , in St . Sophias Cathedral , Kyiv . Filaret was not present due to health conditions , so he sent his written congratulations to the primate Epiphanius , Filarets congratulations were written by him and read at the end of the liturgy . Archimandrite Ephrem , who had been hospitalized on 1 February 2019 , was not present at the ceremony of enthronement , but a hieromonk of Ephrems monastery was present during the ceremony of enthronement . A monk from a skete of the Koutloumousiou Monastery was also present during the ceremony of enthronement . The first meeting of the holy synod of the OCU took place on 5 February 2019 . Conflict with Filaret . A conflict erupted between Filaret and Epiphanius becauses of disagreements concerning the model of governance , the management of the diaspora , and the name and the statute of the OCU . According to Filaret , the agreement reached at the unification council was as follows : the primate is responsible for the external representation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( UOC ) , and the patriarch is responsible for the internal church life in Ukraine , but in cooperation with the primate . The primate shall do nothing in the church without the consent of the patriarch . The patriarch chairs the meetings of the Holy Synod and the UOC meetings for the sake of preserving unity , its growth , and affirmation . Filaret considers this agreement have not been fulfilled . Academic and social activities . Epiphanius is the head of the editorial board of scientific specialized editions Proceedings of the Kyiv Theological Academy and Theological Bulletin of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy . He is also an author of more than 50 publications , including several monographs about Orthodox theology . Epiphanius is an active religious leader and social activist . He participates in many scientific and educational activities , and has made a significant personal contribution to the development of Ukrainian religious education and science and the development and strengthening of the Ukrainian state . He received recognition for this contribution from both the state and the Church in the form of orders . Awards . Orders . He has received the Order of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian , the Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Volodymyr the Great of the Third Degree , the Order of the Holy Archangel Michael and the Order of the Holy Cross of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church . He has also received awards and honors with the Order of Merit of ІІ and III degrees , a letter of the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine , thanks to the Prime Minister of Ukraine , a letter of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine , decorations of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine , Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine , command Army of Ukraine , with distinctions of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University and the Ukrainian Peoples Embassy . 2019 Athenagoras Human Rights Award Academic . Honorary doctor of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University

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Epiphanius I of Ukraine went to which school from 1999 to 2003?

/wiki/Epiphanius_I_of_Ukraine#P69#1

Epiphanius I of Ukraine Metropolitan Epiphanius of Kyiv and All Ukraine ( , secular name : Serhii Petrovych Dumenko , ; born on 3 February 1979 ) is the primate of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine ( OCU ) , holding the title of Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine . Metropolitan Epiphanius served as the Metropolitan bishop of Pereyaslav and Bila Tserkva , in the former original Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( Kyiv Patriarchate ) from 2013 to 2018 . He was a professor of the Department of Biblical and Philological Disciplines of the . He was a member of the and of the International Federation of Journalists . Early life and education . Serhii Petrovych Dumenko was born on 3 February 1979 in Vovkove , Berezivka Raion , in Ukraine . His childhood and school years were in the village of Stara Zhadova in Storozhynets Raion of Chernivtsi Oblast . In 1996 in Stara Zhadova he graduated from high school of I-III grades . In 1996 he entered the Kyiv Theological Seminary , where he graduated in 1999 with a first class degree . In the same year he entered the Kyiv Theological Academy . He graduated as a doctor of theology in 2003 having successfully defended his PhD thesis on the Formation of church-canonical collections in the Donician period and their characteristics . In 2006–2007 he held an internship at the Athens National University in Greece in the Faculty of Philosophy . On 30 August 2012 , following his successful defense of his doctoral dissertation on the topic of the Doctrine of the Orthodox Church on salvation in the context of the continuity of the Holy Fatherland , he was awarded a degree of Doctor of Theology . Ministry . From 1 July 2003 to 31 December 2005 he served as the secretary-referent of the Rivne diocesan administration and the personal secretary of the Metropolitan of Rivne and Ostroh . From 26 August 2003 to 31 December 2005 he was a teacher of the Rivne Seminary , and also held the post of senior assistant inspector . In 2003-2005 , he led the Rivne Pravoslavne ( ) Internet portal , and was also a member of the editorial board of the religious newspaper Dukhovna Nyva ( ) . In December 2005 he was admitted to the . Since the academic year 2007 , he has been a teacher at the , and was appointed head of the philology department . Pn 21 December 2007 , with the blessing of Patriarch Filaret , Archbishop Dimitriy of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytsky made Epiphanius a monk in the Michaels Golden-Domed Monastery . He took the monastic name Epiphanius in honor of Epiphanius of Cyprus . On 20 January 2008 he was ordained hieromonk by Filaret . Later that month ( 25 January ) , he was appointed secretary of the Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus-Ukraine , Filaret . In March 2008 he was ordained an archimandrite in St . Volodymyrs Cathedral . Later that month ( 20 March ) , he was appointed governor of Vydubychi Monastery in Kyiv . On 30 May 2008 , he was appointed manager of the affairs of the Kyivan Patriarchate . On 7 October 2008 he was awarded the title of Associate Professor of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy . On 21 October 2009 , at the Holy Synod of the UOC-KP he was elected Bishop of Vyshhorod , vicar of the Kyiv diocese . On 15 November 2009 , he was ordained a bishop . By the decision of the Holy Synod of the UOC-KP from 27 July 2010 , he was appointed rector of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy and the governor of the Pereiaslav-Khmelnytsky diocese . On 17 November 2011 he was awarded the title of professor of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy . On 23 January 2012 , he was promoted to the rank of Archbishop . By the decision of the Bishops Council of the UOC-KP on 28 June 2013 , he was raised to the rank of Metropolitan of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Bila Tserkva and was appointed patriarchal governor with the rights of the diocesan bishop . On 13 December 2017 he was named Metropolitan of Pereiaslav and Bila Tserkva . In April 2019 , he spoke in support of the law on the Ukrainian language . On August 21 , 2020 , on St . Michael’s Square in Kyiv , Metropolitan Epiphanius consecrated the renovated Wall of Remembrance of Heroes . He also consecrated the church on August 20 in honor of St . Nectarios of Aegina in the village of Khutir Yasny in Kyiv region . On August 29 , on the Day of Remembrance of Defenders of Ukraine , he honored the fallen Ukrainian servicemen . Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church . On 15 December 2018 , at the unification council held in the Cathedral of St . Sophia , he was elected Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine , the first primate of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine . The official name of the primate the Orthodox Church of Ukraine is His Beatitude ( name ) , Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine . Commemoration of the Patriarch of Moscow . On Sunday 16 December 2018 , during Metropolitan Epiphanius first Divine Liturgy as Metropolitan of the OCU following his election , he called for prayers for peace and unity in Ukraine . In the same liturgy , Metropolitan Epiphany also omitted Patriarch Kirill of Moscow from the list of brother primates with whom he is in communion who are usually commemorated at the Great Entrance . Metropolitan Epiphanius later explained in an interview with Ukrainian Direct TV channel : At the moment I do not commemorate him [ the Patriarch of Moscow ] because we are in a state of war , so the Ukrainian people would not accept if the newly-elected primate commemorated the name of the Russian Patriarch . During the Divine Liturgy on 7 January 2019 , after the OCU received its official autocephaly on 5 January 2019 , Metropolitan Epiphanius commemorated the name of Patriarch Kirill during the Great entrance . Epiphanius later told he had done this after the Ecumenical Patriarch had instructed him to do so , and that Filaret had instructed him ( Epiphanius ) not to mention Kirill . Reception of the tomos of autocephaly . On 5 January 2019 , Patriarch Bartholomew and Metropolitan Epiphanius held a liturgy in St . Georges Cathedral in Istanbul ; the tomos of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine was signed thereafter , still in St . Georges Cathedral . The tomos has come into force from the moment of its signing . The signing of the tomos officially established the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine . After the tomos was signed , Metropolitan Epiphanius made a speech , in which he declared about Poroshenko : Your name , Mr President , will forever go down in the history of the Ukrainian people next to the names of the rulers , of our prince Volodymyr the Great , Yaroslav the Wise , Kostyantyn Ostrozky and Hetman Ivan Mazepa . On January 6 , after a liturgy celebrated by Metropolitan Epiphanius and Patriarch Bartholomew , Partriarch Bartholomew read the tomos of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine ( OCU ) and then gave it to Metropolitan Epiphanius . On 8 January 2019 , the tomos was brought back to Istanbul so that all the members of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate could sign the tomos . The tomos was signed by all members of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 9 January 2018 . The tomos , signed by all members of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate , was brought back to Ukraine on the morning of 10 January 2019 . Enthronement . It was planned that Epiphany would be enthroned on 3 February 2019 , which is also the date of his 40th birthday . Thereafter , the first synod of the OCU was to take place . The monasteries of Mount Athos refused to send a delegation for the enthronement ceremony not because the Fathers do not recognize its legitimacy or canonicity , but because they have chosen to stick with what has become official practice and accept invitations only to the enthronement of their ecclesiastical head , the Ecumenical Patriarch . Two abbots of Mount Athos were planned to come at the enthronement but were to be part of the delegation of the Ecumenical Patriarchate . On 1 February , once in Kyiv , Archimandrite Ephrem , one of the two Athonite abbots , was hospitalized for a heart attack . On 2 February , Archimandrite Ephrem was visited by Epiphanius . As planned , Epiphanius was enthroned on 3 February 2019 , in St . Sophias Cathedral , Kyiv . Filaret was not present due to health conditions , so he sent his written congratulations to the primate Epiphanius , Filarets congratulations were written by him and read at the end of the liturgy . Archimandrite Ephrem , who had been hospitalized on 1 February 2019 , was not present at the ceremony of enthronement , but a hieromonk of Ephrems monastery was present during the ceremony of enthronement . A monk from a skete of the Koutloumousiou Monastery was also present during the ceremony of enthronement . The first meeting of the holy synod of the OCU took place on 5 February 2019 . Conflict with Filaret . A conflict erupted between Filaret and Epiphanius becauses of disagreements concerning the model of governance , the management of the diaspora , and the name and the statute of the OCU . According to Filaret , the agreement reached at the unification council was as follows : the primate is responsible for the external representation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( UOC ) , and the patriarch is responsible for the internal church life in Ukraine , but in cooperation with the primate . The primate shall do nothing in the church without the consent of the patriarch . The patriarch chairs the meetings of the Holy Synod and the UOC meetings for the sake of preserving unity , its growth , and affirmation . Filaret considers this agreement have not been fulfilled . Academic and social activities . Epiphanius is the head of the editorial board of scientific specialized editions Proceedings of the Kyiv Theological Academy and Theological Bulletin of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy . He is also an author of more than 50 publications , including several monographs about Orthodox theology . Epiphanius is an active religious leader and social activist . He participates in many scientific and educational activities , and has made a significant personal contribution to the development of Ukrainian religious education and science and the development and strengthening of the Ukrainian state . He received recognition for this contribution from both the state and the Church in the form of orders . Awards . Orders . He has received the Order of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian , the Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Volodymyr the Great of the Third Degree , the Order of the Holy Archangel Michael and the Order of the Holy Cross of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church . He has also received awards and honors with the Order of Merit of ІІ and III degrees , a letter of the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine , thanks to the Prime Minister of Ukraine , a letter of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine , decorations of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine , Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine , command Army of Ukraine , with distinctions of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University and the Ukrainian Peoples Embassy . 2019 Athenagoras Human Rights Award Academic . Honorary doctor of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University

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Where was Epiphanius I of Ukraine educated from 2006 to 2007?

/wiki/Epiphanius_I_of_Ukraine#P69#2

Epiphanius I of Ukraine Metropolitan Epiphanius of Kyiv and All Ukraine ( , secular name : Serhii Petrovych Dumenko , ; born on 3 February 1979 ) is the primate of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine ( OCU ) , holding the title of Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine . Metropolitan Epiphanius served as the Metropolitan bishop of Pereyaslav and Bila Tserkva , in the former original Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( Kyiv Patriarchate ) from 2013 to 2018 . He was a professor of the Department of Biblical and Philological Disciplines of the . He was a member of the and of the International Federation of Journalists . Early life and education . Serhii Petrovych Dumenko was born on 3 February 1979 in Vovkove , Berezivka Raion , in Ukraine . His childhood and school years were in the village of Stara Zhadova in Storozhynets Raion of Chernivtsi Oblast . In 1996 in Stara Zhadova he graduated from high school of I-III grades . In 1996 he entered the Kyiv Theological Seminary , where he graduated in 1999 with a first class degree . In the same year he entered the Kyiv Theological Academy . He graduated as a doctor of theology in 2003 having successfully defended his PhD thesis on the Formation of church-canonical collections in the Donician period and their characteristics . In 2006–2007 he held an internship at the Athens National University in Greece in the Faculty of Philosophy . On 30 August 2012 , following his successful defense of his doctoral dissertation on the topic of the Doctrine of the Orthodox Church on salvation in the context of the continuity of the Holy Fatherland , he was awarded a degree of Doctor of Theology . Ministry . From 1 July 2003 to 31 December 2005 he served as the secretary-referent of the Rivne diocesan administration and the personal secretary of the Metropolitan of Rivne and Ostroh . From 26 August 2003 to 31 December 2005 he was a teacher of the Rivne Seminary , and also held the post of senior assistant inspector . In 2003-2005 , he led the Rivne Pravoslavne ( ) Internet portal , and was also a member of the editorial board of the religious newspaper Dukhovna Nyva ( ) . In December 2005 he was admitted to the . Since the academic year 2007 , he has been a teacher at the , and was appointed head of the philology department . Pn 21 December 2007 , with the blessing of Patriarch Filaret , Archbishop Dimitriy of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytsky made Epiphanius a monk in the Michaels Golden-Domed Monastery . He took the monastic name Epiphanius in honor of Epiphanius of Cyprus . On 20 January 2008 he was ordained hieromonk by Filaret . Later that month ( 25 January ) , he was appointed secretary of the Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus-Ukraine , Filaret . In March 2008 he was ordained an archimandrite in St . Volodymyrs Cathedral . Later that month ( 20 March ) , he was appointed governor of Vydubychi Monastery in Kyiv . On 30 May 2008 , he was appointed manager of the affairs of the Kyivan Patriarchate . On 7 October 2008 he was awarded the title of Associate Professor of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy . On 21 October 2009 , at the Holy Synod of the UOC-KP he was elected Bishop of Vyshhorod , vicar of the Kyiv diocese . On 15 November 2009 , he was ordained a bishop . By the decision of the Holy Synod of the UOC-KP from 27 July 2010 , he was appointed rector of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy and the governor of the Pereiaslav-Khmelnytsky diocese . On 17 November 2011 he was awarded the title of professor of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy . On 23 January 2012 , he was promoted to the rank of Archbishop . By the decision of the Bishops Council of the UOC-KP on 28 June 2013 , he was raised to the rank of Metropolitan of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Bila Tserkva and was appointed patriarchal governor with the rights of the diocesan bishop . On 13 December 2017 he was named Metropolitan of Pereiaslav and Bila Tserkva . In April 2019 , he spoke in support of the law on the Ukrainian language . On August 21 , 2020 , on St . Michael’s Square in Kyiv , Metropolitan Epiphanius consecrated the renovated Wall of Remembrance of Heroes . He also consecrated the church on August 20 in honor of St . Nectarios of Aegina in the village of Khutir Yasny in Kyiv region . On August 29 , on the Day of Remembrance of Defenders of Ukraine , he honored the fallen Ukrainian servicemen . Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church . On 15 December 2018 , at the unification council held in the Cathedral of St . Sophia , he was elected Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine , the first primate of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine . The official name of the primate the Orthodox Church of Ukraine is His Beatitude ( name ) , Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine . Commemoration of the Patriarch of Moscow . On Sunday 16 December 2018 , during Metropolitan Epiphanius first Divine Liturgy as Metropolitan of the OCU following his election , he called for prayers for peace and unity in Ukraine . In the same liturgy , Metropolitan Epiphany also omitted Patriarch Kirill of Moscow from the list of brother primates with whom he is in communion who are usually commemorated at the Great Entrance . Metropolitan Epiphanius later explained in an interview with Ukrainian Direct TV channel : At the moment I do not commemorate him [ the Patriarch of Moscow ] because we are in a state of war , so the Ukrainian people would not accept if the newly-elected primate commemorated the name of the Russian Patriarch . During the Divine Liturgy on 7 January 2019 , after the OCU received its official autocephaly on 5 January 2019 , Metropolitan Epiphanius commemorated the name of Patriarch Kirill during the Great entrance . Epiphanius later told he had done this after the Ecumenical Patriarch had instructed him to do so , and that Filaret had instructed him ( Epiphanius ) not to mention Kirill . Reception of the tomos of autocephaly . On 5 January 2019 , Patriarch Bartholomew and Metropolitan Epiphanius held a liturgy in St . Georges Cathedral in Istanbul ; the tomos of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine was signed thereafter , still in St . Georges Cathedral . The tomos has come into force from the moment of its signing . The signing of the tomos officially established the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine . After the tomos was signed , Metropolitan Epiphanius made a speech , in which he declared about Poroshenko : Your name , Mr President , will forever go down in the history of the Ukrainian people next to the names of the rulers , of our prince Volodymyr the Great , Yaroslav the Wise , Kostyantyn Ostrozky and Hetman Ivan Mazepa . On January 6 , after a liturgy celebrated by Metropolitan Epiphanius and Patriarch Bartholomew , Partriarch Bartholomew read the tomos of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine ( OCU ) and then gave it to Metropolitan Epiphanius . On 8 January 2019 , the tomos was brought back to Istanbul so that all the members of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate could sign the tomos . The tomos was signed by all members of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 9 January 2018 . The tomos , signed by all members of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate , was brought back to Ukraine on the morning of 10 January 2019 . Enthronement . It was planned that Epiphany would be enthroned on 3 February 2019 , which is also the date of his 40th birthday . Thereafter , the first synod of the OCU was to take place . The monasteries of Mount Athos refused to send a delegation for the enthronement ceremony not because the Fathers do not recognize its legitimacy or canonicity , but because they have chosen to stick with what has become official practice and accept invitations only to the enthronement of their ecclesiastical head , the Ecumenical Patriarch . Two abbots of Mount Athos were planned to come at the enthronement but were to be part of the delegation of the Ecumenical Patriarchate . On 1 February , once in Kyiv , Archimandrite Ephrem , one of the two Athonite abbots , was hospitalized for a heart attack . On 2 February , Archimandrite Ephrem was visited by Epiphanius . As planned , Epiphanius was enthroned on 3 February 2019 , in St . Sophias Cathedral , Kyiv . Filaret was not present due to health conditions , so he sent his written congratulations to the primate Epiphanius , Filarets congratulations were written by him and read at the end of the liturgy . Archimandrite Ephrem , who had been hospitalized on 1 February 2019 , was not present at the ceremony of enthronement , but a hieromonk of Ephrems monastery was present during the ceremony of enthronement . A monk from a skete of the Koutloumousiou Monastery was also present during the ceremony of enthronement . The first meeting of the holy synod of the OCU took place on 5 February 2019 . Conflict with Filaret . A conflict erupted between Filaret and Epiphanius becauses of disagreements concerning the model of governance , the management of the diaspora , and the name and the statute of the OCU . According to Filaret , the agreement reached at the unification council was as follows : the primate is responsible for the external representation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church ( UOC ) , and the patriarch is responsible for the internal church life in Ukraine , but in cooperation with the primate . The primate shall do nothing in the church without the consent of the patriarch . The patriarch chairs the meetings of the Holy Synod and the UOC meetings for the sake of preserving unity , its growth , and affirmation . Filaret considers this agreement have not been fulfilled . Academic and social activities . Epiphanius is the head of the editorial board of scientific specialized editions Proceedings of the Kyiv Theological Academy and Theological Bulletin of the Kyiv Orthodox Theological Academy . He is also an author of more than 50 publications , including several monographs about Orthodox theology . Epiphanius is an active religious leader and social activist . He participates in many scientific and educational activities , and has made a significant personal contribution to the development of Ukrainian religious education and science and the development and strengthening of the Ukrainian state . He received recognition for this contribution from both the state and the Church in the form of orders . Awards . Orders . He has received the Order of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian , the Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Volodymyr the Great of the Third Degree , the Order of the Holy Archangel Michael and the Order of the Holy Cross of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church . He has also received awards and honors with the Order of Merit of ІІ and III degrees , a letter of the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine , thanks to the Prime Minister of Ukraine , a letter of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine , decorations of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine , Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine , command Army of Ukraine , with distinctions of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University and the Ukrainian Peoples Embassy . 2019 Athenagoras Human Rights Award Academic . Honorary doctor of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University

easy

What was the position of Guillermo Billinghurst from Sep 1895 to Sep 1896?

/wiki/Guillermo_Billinghurst#P39#0

Guillermo Billinghurst Guillermo Enrique Billinghurst Angulo ( Arica , July 27 , 1851 – Iquique , June 28 , 1915 ) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 31st President of Peru . He succeeded Augusto B . Leguía , from 1912 to 1914 . Billinghurst was of part English descent . The surname Billinghurst is a locational name of Billinghurst a parish in Sussex , England . During his presidency , Billinghurst became embroiled in an increasingly bitter series of conflicts with Congress , ranging from proposed advanced social legislation to settlement of the Tacna-Arica dispute . This provoked a military uprising organized by civilian opponents to his regime who used the military to carry out a coup . As a result of the uprising , Billinghurst was sent into exile in Chile where he died shortly thereafter . Member of the Civilista Party . Billinghurst belonged to the Civilistas group , which were then considered the architects of unprecedented political stability and economic growth in the country , but they also set in motion profound social changes that would , in time , alter the political panorama of Peru . As First Vice President of Peru under the Piérola Administration ( 1895–1899 ) , Billinghurst was involved in several attempts to solve the Tacna and Arica territorial dispute with Chile . On April 9 , 1898 , a memorandum was subscribed between the Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs Raimundo Silva Cruz and Billinghurst . It established that before a plebiscite could be held between both countries , an arbitrage would first be requested to the Queen of Spain , María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena ( 1858–1929 ) to determine the conditions of the vote . Subsequent events led the Protocol of Billinghurst-Latorre not to be ratified by the Chilean Chamber of Deputies . A direct result of this setback was the break of diplomatic relations between Peru and Chile in 1901 . Billinghurst served as the President of the Senate from 1896 to 1897 . 1912 elections . The elections of 1912 were the most passionate ones of the so-called Aristocratic Republic ( a term coined by Peruvians referring to those in power that were mostly from the social elite of the country ) . The Civilist Party rallied behind the candidacy of Antero Aspíllaga , one of the most prominent and conservative members of the Party . His opponents accused him of being a Chilean-born Peruvian unfit for office . The Civilistas , however , were unable to manage the new social forces that their policies unleashed . This first became apparent in 1912 when the millionaire businessman Guillermo Billinghurst-–the reform-minded , populist former mayor of Lima-–was able to organize a general strike to block the election of the official Civilista presidential candidate and force his own election by Congress . Presidency . One of the main accomplishments of the Billinghurst administration was the establishment of important legislation that guaranteed the Eight-hour day in Peru . When Congress opened impeachment hearings against Billinghurst in 1914 , he threatened to arm the workers and forcibly dissolve Congress . Guillermo Billinghurst was overthrown on February 4 , 1914 , in a military coup headed by colonel Oscar R . Benavides , Javier and Manuel Prado , and conservatives members of the Civilista Party . Later in exile , Billingshurst claimed the following : The young Prado , in an extense and pathetic speech , gave me the details and motives behind the coup : All of them ( the mutineerered ) recognised my patriotism , integrity and my capability to handle the government . However , the only and most serious mistake that I made was the course that my internal politics was doing to the country and , finally , I think the sons of former president Prado must «clean his fathers memory»

easy

What position did Guillermo Billinghurst take from Sep 1896 to Sep 1897?

/wiki/Guillermo_Billinghurst#P39#1

Guillermo Billinghurst Guillermo Enrique Billinghurst Angulo ( Arica , July 27 , 1851 – Iquique , June 28 , 1915 ) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 31st President of Peru . He succeeded Augusto B . Leguía , from 1912 to 1914 . Billinghurst was of part English descent . The surname Billinghurst is a locational name of Billinghurst a parish in Sussex , England . During his presidency , Billinghurst became embroiled in an increasingly bitter series of conflicts with Congress , ranging from proposed advanced social legislation to settlement of the Tacna-Arica dispute . This provoked a military uprising organized by civilian opponents to his regime who used the military to carry out a coup . As a result of the uprising , Billinghurst was sent into exile in Chile where he died shortly thereafter . Member of the Civilista Party . Billinghurst belonged to the Civilistas group , which were then considered the architects of unprecedented political stability and economic growth in the country , but they also set in motion profound social changes that would , in time , alter the political panorama of Peru . As First Vice President of Peru under the Piérola Administration ( 1895–1899 ) , Billinghurst was involved in several attempts to solve the Tacna and Arica territorial dispute with Chile . On April 9 , 1898 , a memorandum was subscribed between the Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs Raimundo Silva Cruz and Billinghurst . It established that before a plebiscite could be held between both countries , an arbitrage would first be requested to the Queen of Spain , María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena ( 1858–1929 ) to determine the conditions of the vote . Subsequent events led the Protocol of Billinghurst-Latorre not to be ratified by the Chilean Chamber of Deputies . A direct result of this setback was the break of diplomatic relations between Peru and Chile in 1901 . Billinghurst served as the President of the Senate from 1896 to 1897 . 1912 elections . The elections of 1912 were the most passionate ones of the so-called Aristocratic Republic ( a term coined by Peruvians referring to those in power that were mostly from the social elite of the country ) . The Civilist Party rallied behind the candidacy of Antero Aspíllaga , one of the most prominent and conservative members of the Party . His opponents accused him of being a Chilean-born Peruvian unfit for office . The Civilistas , however , were unable to manage the new social forces that their policies unleashed . This first became apparent in 1912 when the millionaire businessman Guillermo Billinghurst-–the reform-minded , populist former mayor of Lima-–was able to organize a general strike to block the election of the official Civilista presidential candidate and force his own election by Congress . Presidency . One of the main accomplishments of the Billinghurst administration was the establishment of important legislation that guaranteed the Eight-hour day in Peru . When Congress opened impeachment hearings against Billinghurst in 1914 , he threatened to arm the workers and forcibly dissolve Congress . Guillermo Billinghurst was overthrown on February 4 , 1914 , in a military coup headed by colonel Oscar R . Benavides , Javier and Manuel Prado , and conservatives members of the Civilista Party . Later in exile , Billingshurst claimed the following : The young Prado , in an extense and pathetic speech , gave me the details and motives behind the coup : All of them ( the mutineerered ) recognised my patriotism , integrity and my capability to handle the government . However , the only and most serious mistake that I made was the course that my internal politics was doing to the country and , finally , I think the sons of former president Prado must «clean his fathers memory»

easy

What position did Guillermo Billinghurst take from Sep 1897 to Sep 1899?

/wiki/Guillermo_Billinghurst#P39#2

Guillermo Billinghurst Guillermo Enrique Billinghurst Angulo ( Arica , July 27 , 1851 – Iquique , June 28 , 1915 ) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 31st President of Peru . He succeeded Augusto B . Leguía , from 1912 to 1914 . Billinghurst was of part English descent . The surname Billinghurst is a locational name of Billinghurst a parish in Sussex , England . During his presidency , Billinghurst became embroiled in an increasingly bitter series of conflicts with Congress , ranging from proposed advanced social legislation to settlement of the Tacna-Arica dispute . This provoked a military uprising organized by civilian opponents to his regime who used the military to carry out a coup . As a result of the uprising , Billinghurst was sent into exile in Chile where he died shortly thereafter . Member of the Civilista Party . Billinghurst belonged to the Civilistas group , which were then considered the architects of unprecedented political stability and economic growth in the country , but they also set in motion profound social changes that would , in time , alter the political panorama of Peru . As First Vice President of Peru under the Piérola Administration ( 1895–1899 ) , Billinghurst was involved in several attempts to solve the Tacna and Arica territorial dispute with Chile . On April 9 , 1898 , a memorandum was subscribed between the Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs Raimundo Silva Cruz and Billinghurst . It established that before a plebiscite could be held between both countries , an arbitrage would first be requested to the Queen of Spain , María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena ( 1858–1929 ) to determine the conditions of the vote . Subsequent events led the Protocol of Billinghurst-Latorre not to be ratified by the Chilean Chamber of Deputies . A direct result of this setback was the break of diplomatic relations between Peru and Chile in 1901 . Billinghurst served as the President of the Senate from 1896 to 1897 . 1912 elections . The elections of 1912 were the most passionate ones of the so-called Aristocratic Republic ( a term coined by Peruvians referring to those in power that were mostly from the social elite of the country ) . The Civilist Party rallied behind the candidacy of Antero Aspíllaga , one of the most prominent and conservative members of the Party . His opponents accused him of being a Chilean-born Peruvian unfit for office . The Civilistas , however , were unable to manage the new social forces that their policies unleashed . This first became apparent in 1912 when the millionaire businessman Guillermo Billinghurst-–the reform-minded , populist former mayor of Lima-–was able to organize a general strike to block the election of the official Civilista presidential candidate and force his own election by Congress . Presidency . One of the main accomplishments of the Billinghurst administration was the establishment of important legislation that guaranteed the Eight-hour day in Peru . When Congress opened impeachment hearings against Billinghurst in 1914 , he threatened to arm the workers and forcibly dissolve Congress . Guillermo Billinghurst was overthrown on February 4 , 1914 , in a military coup headed by colonel Oscar R . Benavides , Javier and Manuel Prado , and conservatives members of the Civilista Party . Later in exile , Billingshurst claimed the following : The young Prado , in an extense and pathetic speech , gave me the details and motives behind the coup : All of them ( the mutineerered ) recognised my patriotism , integrity and my capability to handle the government . However , the only and most serious mistake that I made was the course that my internal politics was doing to the country and , finally , I think the sons of former president Prado must «clean his fathers memory»

easy

Guillermo Billinghurst took which position from 1909 to 1912?

/wiki/Guillermo_Billinghurst#P39#3

Guillermo Billinghurst Guillermo Enrique Billinghurst Angulo ( Arica , July 27 , 1851 – Iquique , June 28 , 1915 ) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 31st President of Peru . He succeeded Augusto B . Leguía , from 1912 to 1914 . Billinghurst was of part English descent . The surname Billinghurst is a locational name of Billinghurst a parish in Sussex , England . During his presidency , Billinghurst became embroiled in an increasingly bitter series of conflicts with Congress , ranging from proposed advanced social legislation to settlement of the Tacna-Arica dispute . This provoked a military uprising organized by civilian opponents to his regime who used the military to carry out a coup . As a result of the uprising , Billinghurst was sent into exile in Chile where he died shortly thereafter . Member of the Civilista Party . Billinghurst belonged to the Civilistas group , which were then considered the architects of unprecedented political stability and economic growth in the country , but they also set in motion profound social changes that would , in time , alter the political panorama of Peru . As First Vice President of Peru under the Piérola Administration ( 1895–1899 ) , Billinghurst was involved in several attempts to solve the Tacna and Arica territorial dispute with Chile . On April 9 , 1898 , a memorandum was subscribed between the Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs Raimundo Silva Cruz and Billinghurst . It established that before a plebiscite could be held between both countries , an arbitrage would first be requested to the Queen of Spain , María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena ( 1858–1929 ) to determine the conditions of the vote . Subsequent events led the Protocol of Billinghurst-Latorre not to be ratified by the Chilean Chamber of Deputies . A direct result of this setback was the break of diplomatic relations between Peru and Chile in 1901 . Billinghurst served as the President of the Senate from 1896 to 1897 . 1912 elections . The elections of 1912 were the most passionate ones of the so-called Aristocratic Republic ( a term coined by Peruvians referring to those in power that were mostly from the social elite of the country ) . The Civilist Party rallied behind the candidacy of Antero Aspíllaga , one of the most prominent and conservative members of the Party . His opponents accused him of being a Chilean-born Peruvian unfit for office . The Civilistas , however , were unable to manage the new social forces that their policies unleashed . This first became apparent in 1912 when the millionaire businessman Guillermo Billinghurst-–the reform-minded , populist former mayor of Lima-–was able to organize a general strike to block the election of the official Civilista presidential candidate and force his own election by Congress . Presidency . One of the main accomplishments of the Billinghurst administration was the establishment of important legislation that guaranteed the Eight-hour day in Peru . When Congress opened impeachment hearings against Billinghurst in 1914 , he threatened to arm the workers and forcibly dissolve Congress . Guillermo Billinghurst was overthrown on February 4 , 1914 , in a military coup headed by colonel Oscar R . Benavides , Javier and Manuel Prado , and conservatives members of the Civilista Party . Later in exile , Billingshurst claimed the following : The young Prado , in an extense and pathetic speech , gave me the details and motives behind the coup : All of them ( the mutineerered ) recognised my patriotism , integrity and my capability to handle the government . However , the only and most serious mistake that I made was the course that my internal politics was doing to the country and , finally , I think the sons of former president Prado must «clean his fathers memory»

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What position did Guillermo Billinghurst take from Sep 1912 to Feb 1914?

/wiki/Guillermo_Billinghurst#P39#4

Guillermo Billinghurst Guillermo Enrique Billinghurst Angulo ( Arica , July 27 , 1851 – Iquique , June 28 , 1915 ) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 31st President of Peru . He succeeded Augusto B . Leguía , from 1912 to 1914 . Billinghurst was of part English descent . The surname Billinghurst is a locational name of Billinghurst a parish in Sussex , England . During his presidency , Billinghurst became embroiled in an increasingly bitter series of conflicts with Congress , ranging from proposed advanced social legislation to settlement of the Tacna-Arica dispute . This provoked a military uprising organized by civilian opponents to his regime who used the military to carry out a coup . As a result of the uprising , Billinghurst was sent into exile in Chile where he died shortly thereafter . Member of the Civilista Party . Billinghurst belonged to the Civilistas group , which were then considered the architects of unprecedented political stability and economic growth in the country , but they also set in motion profound social changes that would , in time , alter the political panorama of Peru . As First Vice President of Peru under the Piérola Administration ( 1895–1899 ) , Billinghurst was involved in several attempts to solve the Tacna and Arica territorial dispute with Chile . On April 9 , 1898 , a memorandum was subscribed between the Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs Raimundo Silva Cruz and Billinghurst . It established that before a plebiscite could be held between both countries , an arbitrage would first be requested to the Queen of Spain , María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena ( 1858–1929 ) to determine the conditions of the vote . Subsequent events led the Protocol of Billinghurst-Latorre not to be ratified by the Chilean Chamber of Deputies . A direct result of this setback was the break of diplomatic relations between Peru and Chile in 1901 . Billinghurst served as the President of the Senate from 1896 to 1897 . 1912 elections . The elections of 1912 were the most passionate ones of the so-called Aristocratic Republic ( a term coined by Peruvians referring to those in power that were mostly from the social elite of the country ) . The Civilist Party rallied behind the candidacy of Antero Aspíllaga , one of the most prominent and conservative members of the Party . His opponents accused him of being a Chilean-born Peruvian unfit for office . The Civilistas , however , were unable to manage the new social forces that their policies unleashed . This first became apparent in 1912 when the millionaire businessman Guillermo Billinghurst-–the reform-minded , populist former mayor of Lima-–was able to organize a general strike to block the election of the official Civilista presidential candidate and force his own election by Congress . Presidency . One of the main accomplishments of the Billinghurst administration was the establishment of important legislation that guaranteed the Eight-hour day in Peru . When Congress opened impeachment hearings against Billinghurst in 1914 , he threatened to arm the workers and forcibly dissolve Congress . Guillermo Billinghurst was overthrown on February 4 , 1914 , in a military coup headed by colonel Oscar R . Benavides , Javier and Manuel Prado , and conservatives members of the Civilista Party . Later in exile , Billingshurst claimed the following : The young Prado , in an extense and pathetic speech , gave me the details and motives behind the coup : All of them ( the mutineerered ) recognised my patriotism , integrity and my capability to handle the government . However , the only and most serious mistake that I made was the course that my internal politics was doing to the country and , finally , I think the sons of former president Prado must «clean his fathers memory»

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What was the position of Jane Lomax-Smith from 1997 to 2000?

/wiki/Jane_Lomax-Smith#P39#0

Jane Lomax-Smith Jane Diane Lomax-Smith , AM ( born 19 June 1950 in the United Kingdom ) is an Australian politician and histopathologist ( morbid anatomist ) . She was in Local Government for 9 years , as a councillor for three terms and Lord Mayor of Adelaide for two terms . She was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Adelaide representing the Labor Party from 2002 to 2010 , and throughout this time was a Minister of Education and Tourism and a range of other portfolios . In 2010–2011 , she was the Interim Director of the Royal Institution of Australia ( RiAus ) . Since 2011 , she has been the chair of the Board of the South Australian Museum . Early life and career . Lomax-Smith was born in Walthamstow in the East End of London , in the United Kingdom . She attended the Woodford County High School Grammar School , and received a grant to attend the London Hospital Medical College , in Whitechapel , where she obtained her medical degree ( BSc MBBS ) and BSc ( Hons ) . After migrating to Australia , she was made FRCPA ( Fellow Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia ) in 1984 and received a Ph.D . from the University of Adelaide in 1985 on IgA Nephropathy and Liver Disease . Before entering politics she was a clinical pathologist , medical researcher and teacher . In 2017 she was awarded an honorary DSc by the University of Adelaide . Political career . Lomax-Smith first entered public office in 1991 . She served as Lord Mayor of Adelaide in 1997–2000 . At the 2002 state election she was elected a member of the South Australian House of Assembly for the seat of Adelaide , defeating the Liberal Party candidate Michael Harbison , who had been preselected after the retirement of the Liberal Party incumbent Michael Armitage . She retained the seat at the 2006 election with a 60 percent two-party vote but was defeated at the 2010 election by Liberal candidate Rachel Sanderson , with a two-party preferred swing of 14.5 percent , the second-largest swing at that election . She variously served as the South Australian State Minister for Education , Minister for Mental Health & Substance Abuse , Minister for Tourism , and Minister for the City of Adelaide between 2002 and 2010 in Premier Ranns Labor Government . Later career . In October 2010 the Federal Minister for Tertiary Education , Senator Chris Evans , announced a Higher Education Base Funding Review , to be chaired by Lomax-Smith . The review was released in December 2011 . On 28 November 2010 , the Royal Institution of Australia ( RiAus ) announced that Lomax-Smith was to act in the role of Director until a permanent appointment was made , but that she would not be an applicant for the permanent role . On 18 August 2011 Premier Mike Rann announced that Lomax-Smith had been appointed as the new chair of the South Australian Museum board . She is on the Board of the Jam Factory , and TechInSA and in 2017 was made the Presiding Member of The South Australian Teachers Registration Board . From 2016–2017 , Lomax-Smith had a position on the Advisory Board of UCL Australia . In 2015 she was commissioned by Premier Jay Weatherill to examine options for the post coal-mining future of Leigh Creek , a purpose-built mining town in the Northern Flinders Ranges , and wrote a report entitled Leigh Creek Futures . On 3 June 2020 , Lomax-Smith was announced as new chair of the Don Dunstan Foundation , taking over from the Hon . Rev . Lynn Arnold AO , who had held the position for 10 years and remains on the Board as Director and Patron . Personal life . Lomax-Smith is married with two children , and lives within the City of Adelaide . External links . - Parliament Profile - Personal Site of Jane Lomax-Smith - Analysis of Base Funding Review Panel Report

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Jane Lomax-Smith took which position in Feb 2002?

/wiki/Jane_Lomax-Smith#P39#1

Jane Lomax-Smith Jane Diane Lomax-Smith , AM ( born 19 June 1950 in the United Kingdom ) is an Australian politician and histopathologist ( morbid anatomist ) . She was in Local Government for 9 years , as a councillor for three terms and Lord Mayor of Adelaide for two terms . She was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Adelaide representing the Labor Party from 2002 to 2010 , and throughout this time was a Minister of Education and Tourism and a range of other portfolios . In 2010–2011 , she was the Interim Director of the Royal Institution of Australia ( RiAus ) . Since 2011 , she has been the chair of the Board of the South Australian Museum . Early life and career . Lomax-Smith was born in Walthamstow in the East End of London , in the United Kingdom . She attended the Woodford County High School Grammar School , and received a grant to attend the London Hospital Medical College , in Whitechapel , where she obtained her medical degree ( BSc MBBS ) and BSc ( Hons ) . After migrating to Australia , she was made FRCPA ( Fellow Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia ) in 1984 and received a Ph.D . from the University of Adelaide in 1985 on IgA Nephropathy and Liver Disease . Before entering politics she was a clinical pathologist , medical researcher and teacher . In 2017 she was awarded an honorary DSc by the University of Adelaide . Political career . Lomax-Smith first entered public office in 1991 . She served as Lord Mayor of Adelaide in 1997–2000 . At the 2002 state election she was elected a member of the South Australian House of Assembly for the seat of Adelaide , defeating the Liberal Party candidate Michael Harbison , who had been preselected after the retirement of the Liberal Party incumbent Michael Armitage . She retained the seat at the 2006 election with a 60 percent two-party vote but was defeated at the 2010 election by Liberal candidate Rachel Sanderson , with a two-party preferred swing of 14.5 percent , the second-largest swing at that election . She variously served as the South Australian State Minister for Education , Minister for Mental Health & Substance Abuse , Minister for Tourism , and Minister for the City of Adelaide between 2002 and 2010 in Premier Ranns Labor Government . Later career . In October 2010 the Federal Minister for Tertiary Education , Senator Chris Evans , announced a Higher Education Base Funding Review , to be chaired by Lomax-Smith . The review was released in December 2011 . On 28 November 2010 , the Royal Institution of Australia ( RiAus ) announced that Lomax-Smith was to act in the role of Director until a permanent appointment was made , but that she would not be an applicant for the permanent role . On 18 August 2011 Premier Mike Rann announced that Lomax-Smith had been appointed as the new chair of the South Australian Museum board . She is on the Board of the Jam Factory , and TechInSA and in 2017 was made the Presiding Member of The South Australian Teachers Registration Board . From 2016–2017 , Lomax-Smith had a position on the Advisory Board of UCL Australia . In 2015 she was commissioned by Premier Jay Weatherill to examine options for the post coal-mining future of Leigh Creek , a purpose-built mining town in the Northern Flinders Ranges , and wrote a report entitled Leigh Creek Futures . On 3 June 2020 , Lomax-Smith was announced as new chair of the Don Dunstan Foundation , taking over from the Hon . Rev . Lynn Arnold AO , who had held the position for 10 years and remains on the Board as Director and Patron . Personal life . Lomax-Smith is married with two children , and lives within the City of Adelaide . External links . - Parliament Profile - Personal Site of Jane Lomax-Smith - Analysis of Base Funding Review Panel Report

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What position did Jane Lomax-Smith take from Mar 2002 to Mar 2010?

/wiki/Jane_Lomax-Smith#P39#2

Jane Lomax-Smith Jane Diane Lomax-Smith , AM ( born 19 June 1950 in the United Kingdom ) is an Australian politician and histopathologist ( morbid anatomist ) . She was in Local Government for 9 years , as a councillor for three terms and Lord Mayor of Adelaide for two terms . She was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Adelaide representing the Labor Party from 2002 to 2010 , and throughout this time was a Minister of Education and Tourism and a range of other portfolios . In 2010–2011 , she was the Interim Director of the Royal Institution of Australia ( RiAus ) . Since 2011 , she has been the chair of the Board of the South Australian Museum . Early life and career . Lomax-Smith was born in Walthamstow in the East End of London , in the United Kingdom . She attended the Woodford County High School Grammar School , and received a grant to attend the London Hospital Medical College , in Whitechapel , where she obtained her medical degree ( BSc MBBS ) and BSc ( Hons ) . After migrating to Australia , she was made FRCPA ( Fellow Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia ) in 1984 and received a Ph.D . from the University of Adelaide in 1985 on IgA Nephropathy and Liver Disease . Before entering politics she was a clinical pathologist , medical researcher and teacher . In 2017 she was awarded an honorary DSc by the University of Adelaide . Political career . Lomax-Smith first entered public office in 1991 . She served as Lord Mayor of Adelaide in 1997–2000 . At the 2002 state election she was elected a member of the South Australian House of Assembly for the seat of Adelaide , defeating the Liberal Party candidate Michael Harbison , who had been preselected after the retirement of the Liberal Party incumbent Michael Armitage . She retained the seat at the 2006 election with a 60 percent two-party vote but was defeated at the 2010 election by Liberal candidate Rachel Sanderson , with a two-party preferred swing of 14.5 percent , the second-largest swing at that election . She variously served as the South Australian State Minister for Education , Minister for Mental Health & Substance Abuse , Minister for Tourism , and Minister for the City of Adelaide between 2002 and 2010 in Premier Ranns Labor Government . Later career . In October 2010 the Federal Minister for Tertiary Education , Senator Chris Evans , announced a Higher Education Base Funding Review , to be chaired by Lomax-Smith . The review was released in December 2011 . On 28 November 2010 , the Royal Institution of Australia ( RiAus ) announced that Lomax-Smith was to act in the role of Director until a permanent appointment was made , but that she would not be an applicant for the permanent role . On 18 August 2011 Premier Mike Rann announced that Lomax-Smith had been appointed as the new chair of the South Australian Museum board . She is on the Board of the Jam Factory , and TechInSA and in 2017 was made the Presiding Member of The South Australian Teachers Registration Board . From 2016–2017 , Lomax-Smith had a position on the Advisory Board of UCL Australia . In 2015 she was commissioned by Premier Jay Weatherill to examine options for the post coal-mining future of Leigh Creek , a purpose-built mining town in the Northern Flinders Ranges , and wrote a report entitled Leigh Creek Futures . On 3 June 2020 , Lomax-Smith was announced as new chair of the Don Dunstan Foundation , taking over from the Hon . Rev . Lynn Arnold AO , who had held the position for 10 years and remains on the Board as Director and Patron . Personal life . Lomax-Smith is married with two children , and lives within the City of Adelaide . External links . - Parliament Profile - Personal Site of Jane Lomax-Smith - Analysis of Base Funding Review Panel Report

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Where was Gregg Marshall educated from 1977 to 1981?

/wiki/Gregg_Marshall#P69#0

Gregg Marshall Michael Gregg Marshall ( born February 27 , 1963 ) is a former American college basketball coach whose most recent position was head coach at Wichita State University . Marshall has coached his teams to appearances in the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament in twelve of his eighteen years as a head coach . He is the winningest head coach in Wichita State and Winthrop history with 331 and 194 wins , respectively . He resigned on November 17 , 2020 , after an internal investigation following multiple former players detailing physical and verbal abuse at the hands of Marshall . Early life and education . Marshall was born in Greenwood , South Carolina . He went to Cave Spring High School in Roanoke , Virginia , where he graduated in 1981 and was a 62 , 145-pound point guard on the Knights basketball team . He graduated from Randolph–Macon College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and business in 1985 . At Randolph-Macon , he became a brother of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity . He later received his masters degree in sport management from the University of Richmond in 1987 . He is married to Lynn Munday of Bellingham . Coaching career . Assistant . Marshall spent two years ( 1985–1987 ) as an assistant at his alma mater , Randolph-Macon College , in Ashland , Virginia , and another year as an assistant at Belmont Abbey College during the 1987–88 season . He then spent eight years under John Kresse at the College of Charleston from 1988 to 1996 , where the program received an at-large 1994 NCAA bid , and NIT invitations in 1995 and 1996 . He became an assistant coach at Marshall University , serving from 1996 to 1998 . Winthrop . Marshall became the head coach at Winthrop University in 1998 , and led the Winthrop Eagles mens basketball team to seven NCAA tournament appearances and transformed a previously undistinguished program into a mid-major powerhouse . In his first season at Winthrop in 1998–99 , he compiled a record of 19–8 ( 9–1 in Big South Conference play ) , coaching the Eagles to their first regular season Big South title . They went on to win the Big South Conference Tournament , earning the Eagles their first-ever bid to the NCAA Tournament . As a No . 16 seed , the team lost to the No . 1 seed Auburn Tigers in the first round , 80–41 . During his nine seasons at Winthrop , Marshall coached the team to six regular season titles ( 1999 , 2002 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ) , seven Big South Tournament titles ( 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ) , six 20-win seasons ( 1999 , 2000 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ) , and was named Big South Coach of the Year four times ( 1999 , 2003 , 2005 , 2007 ) . In 2006 , he became the all-time most successful coach in Winthrop mens basketball history . During the 2006–07 season , Marshall became the first coach in the history of the Big South Conference to have his team go undefeated in conference play . The 2006 NCAA Tournament matched No . 15 seed Winthrop against the No . 2 seed Tennessee Volunteers , the Southeastern Conference Eastern Division champion , in the first round . Winthrop led for much of the game , only to lose 63–61 on a long jump shot with 2.9 seconds remaining . In 2007 , Marshall became the first Big South coach to win an NCAA first round tournament game by defeating No . 6 seed Notre Dame . Marshalls success at the mid-major level created a lot of speculation that he could be a contender for the coaching position at North Carolina State University , which was vacated with the departure of Herb Sendek . Sidney Lowe , a former NC State player and former head coach of the NBAs Minnesota Timberwolves and Memphis Grizzlies , was eventually named the head coach of the Wolfpack . Marshall accepted an offer to coach the College of Charleston in June 2006 but changed his mind after the press conference introducing him as coach and returned to Winthrop . Wichita State . Marshall was named head coach at Wichita State University on April 14 , 2007 In his fourth season at WSU , Marshall lead the Shockers to the NIT Championship , defeating Alabama in the finals . Under Marshall , Wichita State broke into the AP Top 25 poll on February 13 , 2012 , the first time since December 25 , 2006 , and only the second time since 1983 . In 2012 , Wichita State made its first appearance in the NCAA tournament since the 2005–06 season , receiving an at-large bid . The Shockers were matched as a No . 5 seed versus the No . 12 seed VCU Rams , but the Shockers lost 59–62 . In the 2012–13 season , Marshall led the Shockers to their first Final Four since 1965 , defeating the AP #1 , #7 , and #20 teams in the country to win the West Regional . In 2013–14 , Marshall led Wichita State to arguably the greatest season in school history . The Shockers steamrolled through the regular season , becoming the second Division I team to start a regular season with 30 consecutive wins ( 31–0 ) . They rose as high as second in both major polls in late February , the highest that a Shocker team has been ranked since 1981 . On March 9 , 2014 , Wichita State finished their regular season and the Missouri Valley Conference Tournament with a record of 34–0 , heading into the NCAA Tournament undefeated . That record ties an NCAA Division I Mens basketball record , held by the UNLV , set in 1991 . Wichita State later went on to win their first game of the 2014 NCAA Tournament versus Cal Poly 64–37 . The Shockers were 35–0 , becoming the first team in Mens Division I basketball history to start with 35 wins and zero losses . In the third round of the tournament they squared off against Kentucky . Wichita State lost the game 76–78 , ending their perfect run . They finished the 2013–14 season at 35–1 . In October 2020 , The Athletic reported that Marshall was under investigation by Wichita State for misconduct . On November 17 , 2020 , Marshall resigned from Wichita State . He will be paid a settlement of $7.75 million over six years . Lead assistant Isaac Brown was named head coach . Abuse investigation and resignation . On November 17 , 2020 , Marshall resigned as coach of Wichita State after multiple allegations of verbal and physical abuse spanning years . Wichita State announced an internal investigation on October 9 after several abuse allegations from both staff and players went public in reports on October 8 by The Athletic and Stadium . The allegations , some of which were corroborated by several players , included punching player Shaq Morris during an October 2015 practice , as well as choking assistant Kyle Lindsted during the 2016–17 season . Other allegations detailed in The Athletic include Marshall telling a Native American player to get back on his horse and making Indian howling noises during the 2018–19 season . In an October 13 statement to the Wichita Eagle , Marshall wrote In response to the allegations put forward in the media , I simply state unequivocally that I have never physically struck a player or colleague . Allegations claiming otherwise are false .

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Gregg Marshall went to which school from 1981 to 1985?

/wiki/Gregg_Marshall#P69#1

Gregg Marshall Michael Gregg Marshall ( born February 27 , 1963 ) is a former American college basketball coach whose most recent position was head coach at Wichita State University . Marshall has coached his teams to appearances in the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament in twelve of his eighteen years as a head coach . He is the winningest head coach in Wichita State and Winthrop history with 331 and 194 wins , respectively . He resigned on November 17 , 2020 , after an internal investigation following multiple former players detailing physical and verbal abuse at the hands of Marshall . Early life and education . Marshall was born in Greenwood , South Carolina . He went to Cave Spring High School in Roanoke , Virginia , where he graduated in 1981 and was a 62 , 145-pound point guard on the Knights basketball team . He graduated from Randolph–Macon College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and business in 1985 . At Randolph-Macon , he became a brother of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity . He later received his masters degree in sport management from the University of Richmond in 1987 . He is married to Lynn Munday of Bellingham . Coaching career . Assistant . Marshall spent two years ( 1985–1987 ) as an assistant at his alma mater , Randolph-Macon College , in Ashland , Virginia , and another year as an assistant at Belmont Abbey College during the 1987–88 season . He then spent eight years under John Kresse at the College of Charleston from 1988 to 1996 , where the program received an at-large 1994 NCAA bid , and NIT invitations in 1995 and 1996 . He became an assistant coach at Marshall University , serving from 1996 to 1998 . Winthrop . Marshall became the head coach at Winthrop University in 1998 , and led the Winthrop Eagles mens basketball team to seven NCAA tournament appearances and transformed a previously undistinguished program into a mid-major powerhouse . In his first season at Winthrop in 1998–99 , he compiled a record of 19–8 ( 9–1 in Big South Conference play ) , coaching the Eagles to their first regular season Big South title . They went on to win the Big South Conference Tournament , earning the Eagles their first-ever bid to the NCAA Tournament . As a No . 16 seed , the team lost to the No . 1 seed Auburn Tigers in the first round , 80–41 . During his nine seasons at Winthrop , Marshall coached the team to six regular season titles ( 1999 , 2002 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ) , seven Big South Tournament titles ( 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ) , six 20-win seasons ( 1999 , 2000 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ) , and was named Big South Coach of the Year four times ( 1999 , 2003 , 2005 , 2007 ) . In 2006 , he became the all-time most successful coach in Winthrop mens basketball history . During the 2006–07 season , Marshall became the first coach in the history of the Big South Conference to have his team go undefeated in conference play . The 2006 NCAA Tournament matched No . 15 seed Winthrop against the No . 2 seed Tennessee Volunteers , the Southeastern Conference Eastern Division champion , in the first round . Winthrop led for much of the game , only to lose 63–61 on a long jump shot with 2.9 seconds remaining . In 2007 , Marshall became the first Big South coach to win an NCAA first round tournament game by defeating No . 6 seed Notre Dame . Marshalls success at the mid-major level created a lot of speculation that he could be a contender for the coaching position at North Carolina State University , which was vacated with the departure of Herb Sendek . Sidney Lowe , a former NC State player and former head coach of the NBAs Minnesota Timberwolves and Memphis Grizzlies , was eventually named the head coach of the Wolfpack . Marshall accepted an offer to coach the College of Charleston in June 2006 but changed his mind after the press conference introducing him as coach and returned to Winthrop . Wichita State . Marshall was named head coach at Wichita State University on April 14 , 2007 In his fourth season at WSU , Marshall lead the Shockers to the NIT Championship , defeating Alabama in the finals . Under Marshall , Wichita State broke into the AP Top 25 poll on February 13 , 2012 , the first time since December 25 , 2006 , and only the second time since 1983 . In 2012 , Wichita State made its first appearance in the NCAA tournament since the 2005–06 season , receiving an at-large bid . The Shockers were matched as a No . 5 seed versus the No . 12 seed VCU Rams , but the Shockers lost 59–62 . In the 2012–13 season , Marshall led the Shockers to their first Final Four since 1965 , defeating the AP #1 , #7 , and #20 teams in the country to win the West Regional . In 2013–14 , Marshall led Wichita State to arguably the greatest season in school history . The Shockers steamrolled through the regular season , becoming the second Division I team to start a regular season with 30 consecutive wins ( 31–0 ) . They rose as high as second in both major polls in late February , the highest that a Shocker team has been ranked since 1981 . On March 9 , 2014 , Wichita State finished their regular season and the Missouri Valley Conference Tournament with a record of 34–0 , heading into the NCAA Tournament undefeated . That record ties an NCAA Division I Mens basketball record , held by the UNLV , set in 1991 . Wichita State later went on to win their first game of the 2014 NCAA Tournament versus Cal Poly 64–37 . The Shockers were 35–0 , becoming the first team in Mens Division I basketball history to start with 35 wins and zero losses . In the third round of the tournament they squared off against Kentucky . Wichita State lost the game 76–78 , ending their perfect run . They finished the 2013–14 season at 35–1 . In October 2020 , The Athletic reported that Marshall was under investigation by Wichita State for misconduct . On November 17 , 2020 , Marshall resigned from Wichita State . He will be paid a settlement of $7.75 million over six years . Lead assistant Isaac Brown was named head coach . Abuse investigation and resignation . On November 17 , 2020 , Marshall resigned as coach of Wichita State after multiple allegations of verbal and physical abuse spanning years . Wichita State announced an internal investigation on October 9 after several abuse allegations from both staff and players went public in reports on October 8 by The Athletic and Stadium . The allegations , some of which were corroborated by several players , included punching player Shaq Morris during an October 2015 practice , as well as choking assistant Kyle Lindsted during the 2016–17 season . Other allegations detailed in The Athletic include Marshall telling a Native American player to get back on his horse and making Indian howling noises during the 2018–19 season . In an October 13 statement to the Wichita Eagle , Marshall wrote In response to the allegations put forward in the media , I simply state unequivocally that I have never physically struck a player or colleague . Allegations claiming otherwise are false .

easy

Where was Gregg Marshall educated from 1985 to 1987?

/wiki/Gregg_Marshall#P69#2

Gregg Marshall Michael Gregg Marshall ( born February 27 , 1963 ) is a former American college basketball coach whose most recent position was head coach at Wichita State University . Marshall has coached his teams to appearances in the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament in twelve of his eighteen years as a head coach . He is the winningest head coach in Wichita State and Winthrop history with 331 and 194 wins , respectively . He resigned on November 17 , 2020 , after an internal investigation following multiple former players detailing physical and verbal abuse at the hands of Marshall . Early life and education . Marshall was born in Greenwood , South Carolina . He went to Cave Spring High School in Roanoke , Virginia , where he graduated in 1981 and was a 62 , 145-pound point guard on the Knights basketball team . He graduated from Randolph–Macon College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and business in 1985 . At Randolph-Macon , he became a brother of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity . He later received his masters degree in sport management from the University of Richmond in 1987 . He is married to Lynn Munday of Bellingham . Coaching career . Assistant . Marshall spent two years ( 1985–1987 ) as an assistant at his alma mater , Randolph-Macon College , in Ashland , Virginia , and another year as an assistant at Belmont Abbey College during the 1987–88 season . He then spent eight years under John Kresse at the College of Charleston from 1988 to 1996 , where the program received an at-large 1994 NCAA bid , and NIT invitations in 1995 and 1996 . He became an assistant coach at Marshall University , serving from 1996 to 1998 . Winthrop . Marshall became the head coach at Winthrop University in 1998 , and led the Winthrop Eagles mens basketball team to seven NCAA tournament appearances and transformed a previously undistinguished program into a mid-major powerhouse . In his first season at Winthrop in 1998–99 , he compiled a record of 19–8 ( 9–1 in Big South Conference play ) , coaching the Eagles to their first regular season Big South title . They went on to win the Big South Conference Tournament , earning the Eagles their first-ever bid to the NCAA Tournament . As a No . 16 seed , the team lost to the No . 1 seed Auburn Tigers in the first round , 80–41 . During his nine seasons at Winthrop , Marshall coached the team to six regular season titles ( 1999 , 2002 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ) , seven Big South Tournament titles ( 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ) , six 20-win seasons ( 1999 , 2000 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ) , and was named Big South Coach of the Year four times ( 1999 , 2003 , 2005 , 2007 ) . In 2006 , he became the all-time most successful coach in Winthrop mens basketball history . During the 2006–07 season , Marshall became the first coach in the history of the Big South Conference to have his team go undefeated in conference play . The 2006 NCAA Tournament matched No . 15 seed Winthrop against the No . 2 seed Tennessee Volunteers , the Southeastern Conference Eastern Division champion , in the first round . Winthrop led for much of the game , only to lose 63–61 on a long jump shot with 2.9 seconds remaining . In 2007 , Marshall became the first Big South coach to win an NCAA first round tournament game by defeating No . 6 seed Notre Dame . Marshalls success at the mid-major level created a lot of speculation that he could be a contender for the coaching position at North Carolina State University , which was vacated with the departure of Herb Sendek . Sidney Lowe , a former NC State player and former head coach of the NBAs Minnesota Timberwolves and Memphis Grizzlies , was eventually named the head coach of the Wolfpack . Marshall accepted an offer to coach the College of Charleston in June 2006 but changed his mind after the press conference introducing him as coach and returned to Winthrop . Wichita State . Marshall was named head coach at Wichita State University on April 14 , 2007 In his fourth season at WSU , Marshall lead the Shockers to the NIT Championship , defeating Alabama in the finals . Under Marshall , Wichita State broke into the AP Top 25 poll on February 13 , 2012 , the first time since December 25 , 2006 , and only the second time since 1983 . In 2012 , Wichita State made its first appearance in the NCAA tournament since the 2005–06 season , receiving an at-large bid . The Shockers were matched as a No . 5 seed versus the No . 12 seed VCU Rams , but the Shockers lost 59–62 . In the 2012–13 season , Marshall led the Shockers to their first Final Four since 1965 , defeating the AP #1 , #7 , and #20 teams in the country to win the West Regional . In 2013–14 , Marshall led Wichita State to arguably the greatest season in school history . The Shockers steamrolled through the regular season , becoming the second Division I team to start a regular season with 30 consecutive wins ( 31–0 ) . They rose as high as second in both major polls in late February , the highest that a Shocker team has been ranked since 1981 . On March 9 , 2014 , Wichita State finished their regular season and the Missouri Valley Conference Tournament with a record of 34–0 , heading into the NCAA Tournament undefeated . That record ties an NCAA Division I Mens basketball record , held by the UNLV , set in 1991 . Wichita State later went on to win their first game of the 2014 NCAA Tournament versus Cal Poly 64–37 . The Shockers were 35–0 , becoming the first team in Mens Division I basketball history to start with 35 wins and zero losses . In the third round of the tournament they squared off against Kentucky . Wichita State lost the game 76–78 , ending their perfect run . They finished the 2013–14 season at 35–1 . In October 2020 , The Athletic reported that Marshall was under investigation by Wichita State for misconduct . On November 17 , 2020 , Marshall resigned from Wichita State . He will be paid a settlement of $7.75 million over six years . Lead assistant Isaac Brown was named head coach . Abuse investigation and resignation . On November 17 , 2020 , Marshall resigned as coach of Wichita State after multiple allegations of verbal and physical abuse spanning years . Wichita State announced an internal investigation on October 9 after several abuse allegations from both staff and players went public in reports on October 8 by The Athletic and Stadium . The allegations , some of which were corroborated by several players , included punching player Shaq Morris during an October 2015 practice , as well as choking assistant Kyle Lindsted during the 2016–17 season . Other allegations detailed in The Athletic include Marshall telling a Native American player to get back on his horse and making Indian howling noises during the 2018–19 season . In an October 13 statement to the Wichita Eagle , Marshall wrote In response to the allegations put forward in the media , I simply state unequivocally that I have never physically struck a player or colleague . Allegations claiming otherwise are false .

easy

Where was Mark Takai educated from 1984 to 1985?

/wiki/Mark_Takai#P69#0

Mark Takai Kyle Mark Takai ( July 1 , 1967 – July 20 , 2016 ) was an American politician from the state of Hawaii who served in the United States House of Representatives , representing , from 2015 to 2016 . He served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1994 to 2014 . A native of Honolulu , Hawaii , Takai last served in the Hawaii Army National Guard as a lieutenant colonel and took part in Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2009 , concurrent with his political career . He became the Democratic Party nominee for the U.S . House in the 2014 elections , defeating former Congressman Charles Djou to win the seat . Takai announced in May 2016 that he would not seek reelection due to ill health ; he died from cancer two months later . Early life and education . Takai was born in Honolulu , Hawaii . He received his diploma from Pearl City High School in 1985 , where he was a four-time high school swimming champion and a high school All-American swimmer . Takai received a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and a Master of Public Health degree from the University of Hawaii at Manoa . At the university , Takai was a Western Athletic Conference champion swimmer , president of the Associated Students of the University of Hawaii , and editor-in-chief of the campus newspaper . He was a member of the 1998 class of the Pacific Century Fellows . Political career . Takai was first elected to the Hawaii House of Representatives in 1994 , representing the 34th house district of Pearl City , near Pearl Harbor . He was reelected eight times before shifting to represent the 33rd house district of Aiea in 2012 . Takai chaired the House Committee on Culture and the Arts from 1997 to 2000 . He also served as vice chair of the House Committee on Higher Education ( 1995–2002 ) and as chair in 2003–2004 . Additionally , he chaired the House Committee on Veterans , Military , & International Affairs , & Culture and the Arts . During the 2005 and 2006 sessions , Takai served as Vice Speaker of the House . Takai left his 20-year tenure as a state representative to become the Democratic nominee for the United States House of Representatives for in the 2014 elections , after incumbent Colleen Hanabusas decision to run for the United States Senate . He won the election with 51.2% of the vote , defeating Republican nominee Charles Djou . In November 2015 , he introduced the Atomic Veterans Healthcare Parity Act , extending federal compensation to those made sick by involvement in cleanup operations after bomb tests on Pacific islands . Committee assignments . - Committee on Armed Services - Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces - Subcommittee on Strategic Forces - Committee on Small Business - Subcommittee on Agriculture , Energy and Trade - Subcommittee on Contracting and Workforce ( Ranking Member ) Military service . Takai was commissioned as first lieutenant in the Hawaii Army National Guard ( HIARNG ) on July 19 , 1999 , and worked as the Preventive Medical Officer . He was the Division Chief for Soldiers Services and a School Liaison for the HIARNG . He later became a lieutenant colonel on May 14 , 2013 . Takai also served as the President of the Hawaii National Guard Association and the President of the National Guard Association-Hawaii Insurance , Inc . Takai was called to active duty for six months ( May to November 2005 ) and served as the Hawaii Army National Guard Deputy State Surgeon . He later served as the Company Commander of Charlie Company ( Medical ) , 29th Brigade Support Battalion from November 2006 to May 2008 . Takai was posted abroad during Operation Iraqi Freedom as the Base Operations Officer ( Camp Mayor ) at Camp Patriot , Kuwait , from February 2009 to September 2009 . Among his numerous awards and decorations , Takai received the Meritorious Service Medal from the United States Army in 2009 , the Distinguished Service Medal from the National Guard Association of the United States in 2011 , and the Hawaii Distinguished Service Order in 2012 . Illness and death . Takai was diagnosed with a small tumor on his pancreas in late October 2015 . On May 19 , 2016 , he announced that he would not seek reelection because his cancer had spread , but vowed to serve the remaining eight months of his term . He died two months later at his home in Aiea . He was 49 . He is survived by his wife , Sami , and their two children . In 2018 , Takai was posthumously inducted into the Hawaii Swimming Hall of Fame .

easy

Which school did Mark Takai go to from 1985 to 1993?

/wiki/Mark_Takai#P69#1

Mark Takai Kyle Mark Takai ( July 1 , 1967 – July 20 , 2016 ) was an American politician from the state of Hawaii who served in the United States House of Representatives , representing , from 2015 to 2016 . He served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1994 to 2014 . A native of Honolulu , Hawaii , Takai last served in the Hawaii Army National Guard as a lieutenant colonel and took part in Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2009 , concurrent with his political career . He became the Democratic Party nominee for the U.S . House in the 2014 elections , defeating former Congressman Charles Djou to win the seat . Takai announced in May 2016 that he would not seek reelection due to ill health ; he died from cancer two months later . Early life and education . Takai was born in Honolulu , Hawaii . He received his diploma from Pearl City High School in 1985 , where he was a four-time high school swimming champion and a high school All-American swimmer . Takai received a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and a Master of Public Health degree from the University of Hawaii at Manoa . At the university , Takai was a Western Athletic Conference champion swimmer , president of the Associated Students of the University of Hawaii , and editor-in-chief of the campus newspaper . He was a member of the 1998 class of the Pacific Century Fellows . Political career . Takai was first elected to the Hawaii House of Representatives in 1994 , representing the 34th house district of Pearl City , near Pearl Harbor . He was reelected eight times before shifting to represent the 33rd house district of Aiea in 2012 . Takai chaired the House Committee on Culture and the Arts from 1997 to 2000 . He also served as vice chair of the House Committee on Higher Education ( 1995–2002 ) and as chair in 2003–2004 . Additionally , he chaired the House Committee on Veterans , Military , & International Affairs , & Culture and the Arts . During the 2005 and 2006 sessions , Takai served as Vice Speaker of the House . Takai left his 20-year tenure as a state representative to become the Democratic nominee for the United States House of Representatives for in the 2014 elections , after incumbent Colleen Hanabusas decision to run for the United States Senate . He won the election with 51.2% of the vote , defeating Republican nominee Charles Djou . In November 2015 , he introduced the Atomic Veterans Healthcare Parity Act , extending federal compensation to those made sick by involvement in cleanup operations after bomb tests on Pacific islands . Committee assignments . - Committee on Armed Services - Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces - Subcommittee on Strategic Forces - Committee on Small Business - Subcommittee on Agriculture , Energy and Trade - Subcommittee on Contracting and Workforce ( Ranking Member ) Military service . Takai was commissioned as first lieutenant in the Hawaii Army National Guard ( HIARNG ) on July 19 , 1999 , and worked as the Preventive Medical Officer . He was the Division Chief for Soldiers Services and a School Liaison for the HIARNG . He later became a lieutenant colonel on May 14 , 2013 . Takai also served as the President of the Hawaii National Guard Association and the President of the National Guard Association-Hawaii Insurance , Inc . Takai was called to active duty for six months ( May to November 2005 ) and served as the Hawaii Army National Guard Deputy State Surgeon . He later served as the Company Commander of Charlie Company ( Medical ) , 29th Brigade Support Battalion from November 2006 to May 2008 . Takai was posted abroad during Operation Iraqi Freedom as the Base Operations Officer ( Camp Mayor ) at Camp Patriot , Kuwait , from February 2009 to September 2009 . Among his numerous awards and decorations , Takai received the Meritorious Service Medal from the United States Army in 2009 , the Distinguished Service Medal from the National Guard Association of the United States in 2011 , and the Hawaii Distinguished Service Order in 2012 . Illness and death . Takai was diagnosed with a small tumor on his pancreas in late October 2015 . On May 19 , 2016 , he announced that he would not seek reelection because his cancer had spread , but vowed to serve the remaining eight months of his term . He died two months later at his home in Aiea . He was 49 . He is survived by his wife , Sami , and their two children . In 2018 , Takai was posthumously inducted into the Hawaii Swimming Hall of Fame .

easy

What position did Ferdinand of Fürstenberg (1626–1683) take from 1661 to Jun 1661?

/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Fürstenberg_(1626–1683)#P39#0

Ferdinand of Fürstenberg ( 1626–1683 ) Ferdinand of Fürstenberg ( ) , contemporaneously also known as Ferdinandus liber baro de Furstenberg , ( 26 October 1626 - 26 June 1683 ) was , as Ferdinand II , Prince Bishop of Paderborn from 1661 to 1683 and also Prince Bishop of Münster from 1678 to 1683 , having been its coadjutor since 1667/68 . He was brought almost complete restoration to the Bishopric of Paderborn after the devastation of the Thirty Years War . In foreign policy , he followed the principle of armed neutrality , but tended increasingly clearly to lean towards the French position . He distinguished himself as an author of historical works , a poet of Latin poetry and a correspondent with the great scholars of his time . He also emerged as a patron of the arts and religion and had numerous churches built or renovated . He is considered one of the most outstanding representatives of Baroque Catholicism . Background and education . Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was born on 26 October 1626 at Bilstein Castle in the Duchy of Westphalia into the Westphalian family of Fürstenberg . His father , Frederick of Furstenberg , was the Landesdrost or state governor for the Electorate of Cologne . His mother was Anna Maria ( née von Kerpen ) . He was the eleventh child of their marriage . His siblings include clergyman , artist and officer , Caspar Dietrich of Furstenberg , the cathedral provost in Münster and Paderborn , John Adolphus of Fürstenberg , the diplomat and head of the family , Frederick of Furstenberg , the dean William of Furstenberg and the Landkomtur Francis William of Furstenberg . His godfather was Elector Ferdinand of Bavaria . To the latter he owed the fact that he was given a diocesan stipend from Hildesheim at the age of seven . And thanks to the intercession of the emperor , in 1639 a benefice in the cathedral chapter of Paderborn was added to his income . As was customary in the family , Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was given an exceptionally good education for a member of the nobility at that time . Fürstenberg initially attended the Jesuit grammar school in Siegen . After that he studied philosophy in Paderborn and Münster . After the death of his parents Fürstenberg returned for a time to Bilstein Castle , where the castellan introduced him to the basics of jurisprudence . In 1648 he began his studies into theology and law at the University of Cologne . There he came into contact with important scholars especially among the Jesuits . He also came into contact with other leading scholars of his time , especially in Münster and Cologne . They included Aegidius Gelenius . In this period Fürstenberg began to carry out historical studies himself . In Münster he also came to know Fabio Chigi , the nuntius in the peace negotiations of the Thirty Years War and , later , Pope Alexander VII . In 1649 after completing his studies , he was given a place and vote in Paderborns cathedral chapter . One year later he was installed as a subdeacon . He was invited to Rome by Fabio Chigi . There he met his brother , John Adolphus in 1652 . Papal chamberlain and scholar in Rome . In Rome Fürstenberg worked as part of the retinue of Chigis . Through Chigis he came into contact with scholars there . He lived under the same roof with philologist Nikolaes Heinsius and they formed a lifelong friendship . He also had a close friendship with Lukas Holste . The latter motivated Ferdinand to undertake further language studies and arranged for him to have access to the Vatican library , which he ran . Fürstenberg also came into close contact with many Italian scholars . On the election of Fabio Chigi to the Papacy as Pope Alexander VII in 1655 , Fürstenberg was appointed as Papal Private Chamberlain ( Geheimkämmerer ) . Like his brother William later , Fürstenberg acted as an advisor to the Pope on German matters . He was a member of an Academy of Fine Arts , later even becoming its president . In 1657 he was chamberlain to the archsodality at Campo Santo and Provisor of the German Kirche Anima . But above all , he devoted himself to academic work , for example , producing numerous copies of documents from the Vatican archives . These included the Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae by Charlemagne . Some finds he left to others to publish , some he published himself . In addition , he emerged as a sponsor of large-scale academic projects such as the publication of Acta Sanctorum by Jean Bolland and his successor , the Bollandists . The discovery of documents from his Westphalian homeland prompted Ferdinands decision to write a history of the Bishopric of Paderborn . In 1659 Ferdinand was ordained as a priest . As a result , he was given several benefices . These included the Priory of the Holy Cross in Hildesheim , a cathedral chapter position in Münster and the opportunity of another in Halberstadt . In 1660 he became a papal legate and handed over the cardinalate to Francis William of Wartenberg . In addition he had to undertake diplomatic missions to Leopold I and many of the imperial princes . In Westphalia he also studied sources for his planned history of the bishopric . After his return to Rome Fürstenberg devoted himself mainly to historical research in the Vatican Archives . Time as a bishop . Ferdinand mainly had his brother , William , to thank for his election in 1661 as Bishop of Paderborn . His defeated opponent for the post was Maximilian Henry of Bavaria . Ferdinand was consecrated a bishop while still in Rome . He received his mitre in the German national church of Santa Maria dell’Anima from cardinal state secretary , Giulio Rospigliosi . He did not enter Paderborn 4 October 1661 . Internal politics in Paderborn . The state of Paderborn was still suffering from the consequences of the Thirty Years War , because Ferdinands predecessor had been unable to rebuild the economy for financial reasons . A primary objective for Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was thus the internal health of the land . His numerous construction projects were designed not least to employ the tradesmen of the prince bishopric . In addition , he encouraged the re-cultivation of fields that had lain waste . He had a forestry act passed and had censuses taken and tax lists made out . With limited success he support the establishment of factories . Even the healing baths in Bad Driburg had his support . To improve communications he supported a post coach service between Kassel and Amsterdam . Following a treaty , the town of Lügde from the County of Pyrmont was annexed by the Prince Bishopric of Paderborn . During his time the conditions for access of the nobility to the state parliament were tightened . Henceforth the knights had to prove sixteen noble ancestors , if they wanted to have a seat and vote in parliament . He had the city of Paderborn strongly fortified . The education system and Jesuit college set up under Dietrich of Fürstenberg were strongly promoted by Ferdinand . In addition , he has also tried to improve rural education and established new schools . In a special way , Ferdinand is credited with enforcing the law of the land . If need be , strict sentences were passed on people , regardless of status . The marshal , Kurt von Spiegel , and a pastor from Buke were executed for example . Coadjutor and bishop in Münster . The election of the coadjutor in Münster was problematic , because von Galen had promised in his electoral capitulation not to create such a position . In particular , William of Furstenberg , who had meanwhile become the secret private chamberlain of the Pope , obtained a dispensatory papal bull in Rome that permitted Ferdinand to accede to the office . However , Ferdinand , along with his brothers John Adolphus of Furstenberg and Francis William of Furstenberg , guaranteed before the election that he would not intervene in the government of the Prince Bishopric of Münster until the death of von Galen . In the crucial vote , Ferdinand narrowly won at the expense of his rival , the Elector of Cologne , Maximilian Henry of Bavaria . Both sides appealed to the curia in Rome . But thanks not least to the influence of William of Furstenberg , Ferdinands claim was confirmed . With that , the right of succession in Münster was decided . The local cathedral dean , Jobst Edmund von Brabeck , crossed over to the side of Cologne and became governor ( Statthalter ) of Hildesheim Abbey . The relationship with von Galen was problematic and their correspondence remained frosty . The military thinking of Galen was foreign to the scholarly nature of Ferdinand . In November 1679 , following the death of von Galen , Ferdinand made a ceremonial entry into Münster . After decades of far-reaching military power politics the land hoped for peace and a reduction in military expenditure . So they viewed their new prince , who was regarded as peace-loving , with confidence . In fact , after taking over the Prince Bishopric of Münster , Ferdinand pursued a new political line there . Von Galen had left large debts behind in the state of Münster . This , together with the more peaceful course adopted by Ferdinand , led to a sharp reduction in the number of Münster troops . With regard to Sweden he renounced the conquests of von Galens time . Only the Barony of Wildeshausen remained in the hands of the Bishopric of Münster as compensation for the damage inflicted by the Swedes . From France , Ferdinand received 50,000 Reichsthaler and Louis XIV promised to invest in the Catholic institutions in the Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden . Another externally oriented action for Münster was the destruction of Bevergern Castle as a gesture towards the Netherlands . Internally , however , Ferdinand left few personal traces in Münster . His main effort remained the Prince Bishopric of Paderborn . The running of the state he left to the officials inherited from his predecessor . Church policy . Ferdinand took his priestly office very seriously . He himself said mass daily and performed the majority of pontifical masses himself . He undertook visitation trips through his area of responsibility and promoted the education of clerics in accordance with the principles of the Council of Trent . He based the appointment of priests on their performance . Because he saw the monasteries as centres for the renewal of the Catholic faith in people , he promoted these institutions . Pastoral activities paid particular attention to the Capuchin and Jesuit orders . He was supported by the Vicar General , Laurentius von Dript . Pope Innocent XI appointed Ferdinand in 1680 as Vicar Apostolic for Halberstadt , Bremen , Magdeburg , Schwerin and Magdeburg . The Catholic mission was to be entirely peaceful in these areas which had become Protestant . He supported missionary work in Japan and China by the Jesuits through a large donation of 101,700 thalers . Prince Bishop Ferdinand was closely linked to the Danish convert and natural historian , Niels Stensen , who he named in 1680 as his suffragan bishop in Münster . Stensen was not just significant for Ferdinand as a scholar , but also made a major contribution to the Missio Ferdinanda , to the mission foundation of 1682 for popular missions in Westphalia , to the Far East mission and to pastoral care in Northern Europe . Foreign policy . Overall Ferdinand pursued a peaceful foreign policy of armed neutrality , which avoided direct participation in war whenever possible . But Ferdinands foreign policy swung between loyalty to the emperor and the leaning towards France . Ferdinand was greatly impressed by the personality of Louis XIV . Yet , following a family tradition , he initially remained a Habsburg adherent . Later on , his policy was oscillated before increasingly leaning towards the French side . Despite his tendency to take a neutral stance , in 1665 he sent a small contingent of troops to support the war by the Bishop of Münster , Christoph Bernhard von Galen , who attacked the Netherlands together with Charles II of England . He opposed the war itself , but felt compelled to support von Galen , in order to be appointed by him as coadjutor of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster . Behind the scenes , Ferdinand tried to end the war , which ended with the Treaty of Cleves in 1666 . Death . Ferdinand died on 26 June 1683 in Paderborn . Works ( selection ) . - Monumenta Paderbornensia . 1669 - Cels [ issi ] mi ac rev [ erendissi ] mi principis Ferdinandi episcopi Paderbornensis … 1677 ( UB Paderborn ) - Poemata Ferdinandi Episcopi Monasteriensis Et Paderbornensis , S . R . I . Principis , Comitis Pyrmontani , Liberi Baronis De Furstenberg . Paris , 1684 ( UB Paderborn ) - Denkmale des Landes Paderborn . Translated from the Latin and furnished with a biographe of the author by Franz Joseph Micus . Paderborn : Junfermann , 1844 ( UB Paderborn ) Literature . - Hans J . Brandt , Karl Hengst : Die Bischöfe und Erzbischöfe von Paderborn . Paderborn , 1984 , , pp . 249–256 . - Jörg Ernesti : Ferdinand von Fürstenberg ( 1626–1683 ) . Geistiges Profil eines barocken Fürstbischofs ( = Studien und Quellen zur Westfälischen Geschichte . Vol . 51 ) . Bonifatius , Paderborn , 2004 , . - Jörg Ernesti : Drei Bischöfe – ein Reformwille . Ein neuer Blick auf Ferdinand von Fürstenberg ( 1626–83 ) und sein Verhältnis zu Christoph Bernhard von Galen und Niels Stensen . In : Westfalen , Hefte für Geschichte , Kunst und Volkskunde . Vol . 83 , 2005 , pp . 49–59 . - Helmut Lahrkamp : Ferdinand von Fürstenberg . In : Helmut Lahrkamp et al. : Fürstenbergsche Geschichte . Vol . 3 : Die Geschichte des Geschlechts von Fürstenberg im 17 . Jahrhundert . Aschendorff , Münster , 1971 , pp . 119–149 . - Konrad Mertens : Die Bildnisse der Fürsten und Bischöfe von Paderborn von 1498 - 1891 . Schöningh , Paderborn , 1892 ( UB Paderborn ) External links . - Digitale Sammlung der UB Paderborn : Büchernachlass Ferdinands von Fürstenberg - Ausstellung Historisches Museum im Marstall Paderborn : Ein westfälischer Fürstbischof von europäischer Bedeutung Ferdinand II . von Fürstenberg 17 . September 2004 bis 9 . Januar 2005 - Eintrag auf catholic-hierarchy.org

easy

Ferdinand of Fürstenberg (1626–1683) took which position from Jun 1661 to 1667?

/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Fürstenberg_(1626–1683)#P39#1

Ferdinand of Fürstenberg ( 1626–1683 ) Ferdinand of Fürstenberg ( ) , contemporaneously also known as Ferdinandus liber baro de Furstenberg , ( 26 October 1626 - 26 June 1683 ) was , as Ferdinand II , Prince Bishop of Paderborn from 1661 to 1683 and also Prince Bishop of Münster from 1678 to 1683 , having been its coadjutor since 1667/68 . He was brought almost complete restoration to the Bishopric of Paderborn after the devastation of the Thirty Years War . In foreign policy , he followed the principle of armed neutrality , but tended increasingly clearly to lean towards the French position . He distinguished himself as an author of historical works , a poet of Latin poetry and a correspondent with the great scholars of his time . He also emerged as a patron of the arts and religion and had numerous churches built or renovated . He is considered one of the most outstanding representatives of Baroque Catholicism . Background and education . Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was born on 26 October 1626 at Bilstein Castle in the Duchy of Westphalia into the Westphalian family of Fürstenberg . His father , Frederick of Furstenberg , was the Landesdrost or state governor for the Electorate of Cologne . His mother was Anna Maria ( née von Kerpen ) . He was the eleventh child of their marriage . His siblings include clergyman , artist and officer , Caspar Dietrich of Furstenberg , the cathedral provost in Münster and Paderborn , John Adolphus of Fürstenberg , the diplomat and head of the family , Frederick of Furstenberg , the dean William of Furstenberg and the Landkomtur Francis William of Furstenberg . His godfather was Elector Ferdinand of Bavaria . To the latter he owed the fact that he was given a diocesan stipend from Hildesheim at the age of seven . And thanks to the intercession of the emperor , in 1639 a benefice in the cathedral chapter of Paderborn was added to his income . As was customary in the family , Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was given an exceptionally good education for a member of the nobility at that time . Fürstenberg initially attended the Jesuit grammar school in Siegen . After that he studied philosophy in Paderborn and Münster . After the death of his parents Fürstenberg returned for a time to Bilstein Castle , where the castellan introduced him to the basics of jurisprudence . In 1648 he began his studies into theology and law at the University of Cologne . There he came into contact with important scholars especially among the Jesuits . He also came into contact with other leading scholars of his time , especially in Münster and Cologne . They included Aegidius Gelenius . In this period Fürstenberg began to carry out historical studies himself . In Münster he also came to know Fabio Chigi , the nuntius in the peace negotiations of the Thirty Years War and , later , Pope Alexander VII . In 1649 after completing his studies , he was given a place and vote in Paderborns cathedral chapter . One year later he was installed as a subdeacon . He was invited to Rome by Fabio Chigi . There he met his brother , John Adolphus in 1652 . Papal chamberlain and scholar in Rome . In Rome Fürstenberg worked as part of the retinue of Chigis . Through Chigis he came into contact with scholars there . He lived under the same roof with philologist Nikolaes Heinsius and they formed a lifelong friendship . He also had a close friendship with Lukas Holste . The latter motivated Ferdinand to undertake further language studies and arranged for him to have access to the Vatican library , which he ran . Fürstenberg also came into close contact with many Italian scholars . On the election of Fabio Chigi to the Papacy as Pope Alexander VII in 1655 , Fürstenberg was appointed as Papal Private Chamberlain ( Geheimkämmerer ) . Like his brother William later , Fürstenberg acted as an advisor to the Pope on German matters . He was a member of an Academy of Fine Arts , later even becoming its president . In 1657 he was chamberlain to the archsodality at Campo Santo and Provisor of the German Kirche Anima . But above all , he devoted himself to academic work , for example , producing numerous copies of documents from the Vatican archives . These included the Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae by Charlemagne . Some finds he left to others to publish , some he published himself . In addition , he emerged as a sponsor of large-scale academic projects such as the publication of Acta Sanctorum by Jean Bolland and his successor , the Bollandists . The discovery of documents from his Westphalian homeland prompted Ferdinands decision to write a history of the Bishopric of Paderborn . In 1659 Ferdinand was ordained as a priest . As a result , he was given several benefices . These included the Priory of the Holy Cross in Hildesheim , a cathedral chapter position in Münster and the opportunity of another in Halberstadt . In 1660 he became a papal legate and handed over the cardinalate to Francis William of Wartenberg . In addition he had to undertake diplomatic missions to Leopold I and many of the imperial princes . In Westphalia he also studied sources for his planned history of the bishopric . After his return to Rome Fürstenberg devoted himself mainly to historical research in the Vatican Archives . Time as a bishop . Ferdinand mainly had his brother , William , to thank for his election in 1661 as Bishop of Paderborn . His defeated opponent for the post was Maximilian Henry of Bavaria . Ferdinand was consecrated a bishop while still in Rome . He received his mitre in the German national church of Santa Maria dell’Anima from cardinal state secretary , Giulio Rospigliosi . He did not enter Paderborn 4 October 1661 . Internal politics in Paderborn . The state of Paderborn was still suffering from the consequences of the Thirty Years War , because Ferdinands predecessor had been unable to rebuild the economy for financial reasons . A primary objective for Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was thus the internal health of the land . His numerous construction projects were designed not least to employ the tradesmen of the prince bishopric . In addition , he encouraged the re-cultivation of fields that had lain waste . He had a forestry act passed and had censuses taken and tax lists made out . With limited success he support the establishment of factories . Even the healing baths in Bad Driburg had his support . To improve communications he supported a post coach service between Kassel and Amsterdam . Following a treaty , the town of Lügde from the County of Pyrmont was annexed by the Prince Bishopric of Paderborn . During his time the conditions for access of the nobility to the state parliament were tightened . Henceforth the knights had to prove sixteen noble ancestors , if they wanted to have a seat and vote in parliament . He had the city of Paderborn strongly fortified . The education system and Jesuit college set up under Dietrich of Fürstenberg were strongly promoted by Ferdinand . In addition , he has also tried to improve rural education and established new schools . In a special way , Ferdinand is credited with enforcing the law of the land . If need be , strict sentences were passed on people , regardless of status . The marshal , Kurt von Spiegel , and a pastor from Buke were executed for example . Coadjutor and bishop in Münster . The election of the coadjutor in Münster was problematic , because von Galen had promised in his electoral capitulation not to create such a position . In particular , William of Furstenberg , who had meanwhile become the secret private chamberlain of the Pope , obtained a dispensatory papal bull in Rome that permitted Ferdinand to accede to the office . However , Ferdinand , along with his brothers John Adolphus of Furstenberg and Francis William of Furstenberg , guaranteed before the election that he would not intervene in the government of the Prince Bishopric of Münster until the death of von Galen . In the crucial vote , Ferdinand narrowly won at the expense of his rival , the Elector of Cologne , Maximilian Henry of Bavaria . Both sides appealed to the curia in Rome . But thanks not least to the influence of William of Furstenberg , Ferdinands claim was confirmed . With that , the right of succession in Münster was decided . The local cathedral dean , Jobst Edmund von Brabeck , crossed over to the side of Cologne and became governor ( Statthalter ) of Hildesheim Abbey . The relationship with von Galen was problematic and their correspondence remained frosty . The military thinking of Galen was foreign to the scholarly nature of Ferdinand . In November 1679 , following the death of von Galen , Ferdinand made a ceremonial entry into Münster . After decades of far-reaching military power politics the land hoped for peace and a reduction in military expenditure . So they viewed their new prince , who was regarded as peace-loving , with confidence . In fact , after taking over the Prince Bishopric of Münster , Ferdinand pursued a new political line there . Von Galen had left large debts behind in the state of Münster . This , together with the more peaceful course adopted by Ferdinand , led to a sharp reduction in the number of Münster troops . With regard to Sweden he renounced the conquests of von Galens time . Only the Barony of Wildeshausen remained in the hands of the Bishopric of Münster as compensation for the damage inflicted by the Swedes . From France , Ferdinand received 50,000 Reichsthaler and Louis XIV promised to invest in the Catholic institutions in the Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden . Another externally oriented action for Münster was the destruction of Bevergern Castle as a gesture towards the Netherlands . Internally , however , Ferdinand left few personal traces in Münster . His main effort remained the Prince Bishopric of Paderborn . The running of the state he left to the officials inherited from his predecessor . Church policy . Ferdinand took his priestly office very seriously . He himself said mass daily and performed the majority of pontifical masses himself . He undertook visitation trips through his area of responsibility and promoted the education of clerics in accordance with the principles of the Council of Trent . He based the appointment of priests on their performance . Because he saw the monasteries as centres for the renewal of the Catholic faith in people , he promoted these institutions . Pastoral activities paid particular attention to the Capuchin and Jesuit orders . He was supported by the Vicar General , Laurentius von Dript . Pope Innocent XI appointed Ferdinand in 1680 as Vicar Apostolic for Halberstadt , Bremen , Magdeburg , Schwerin and Magdeburg . The Catholic mission was to be entirely peaceful in these areas which had become Protestant . He supported missionary work in Japan and China by the Jesuits through a large donation of 101,700 thalers . Prince Bishop Ferdinand was closely linked to the Danish convert and natural historian , Niels Stensen , who he named in 1680 as his suffragan bishop in Münster . Stensen was not just significant for Ferdinand as a scholar , but also made a major contribution to the Missio Ferdinanda , to the mission foundation of 1682 for popular missions in Westphalia , to the Far East mission and to pastoral care in Northern Europe . Foreign policy . Overall Ferdinand pursued a peaceful foreign policy of armed neutrality , which avoided direct participation in war whenever possible . But Ferdinands foreign policy swung between loyalty to the emperor and the leaning towards France . Ferdinand was greatly impressed by the personality of Louis XIV . Yet , following a family tradition , he initially remained a Habsburg adherent . Later on , his policy was oscillated before increasingly leaning towards the French side . Despite his tendency to take a neutral stance , in 1665 he sent a small contingent of troops to support the war by the Bishop of Münster , Christoph Bernhard von Galen , who attacked the Netherlands together with Charles II of England . He opposed the war itself , but felt compelled to support von Galen , in order to be appointed by him as coadjutor of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster . Behind the scenes , Ferdinand tried to end the war , which ended with the Treaty of Cleves in 1666 . Death . Ferdinand died on 26 June 1683 in Paderborn . Works ( selection ) . - Monumenta Paderbornensia . 1669 - Cels [ issi ] mi ac rev [ erendissi ] mi principis Ferdinandi episcopi Paderbornensis … 1677 ( UB Paderborn ) - Poemata Ferdinandi Episcopi Monasteriensis Et Paderbornensis , S . R . I . Principis , Comitis Pyrmontani , Liberi Baronis De Furstenberg . Paris , 1684 ( UB Paderborn ) - Denkmale des Landes Paderborn . Translated from the Latin and furnished with a biographe of the author by Franz Joseph Micus . Paderborn : Junfermann , 1844 ( UB Paderborn ) Literature . - Hans J . Brandt , Karl Hengst : Die Bischöfe und Erzbischöfe von Paderborn . Paderborn , 1984 , , pp . 249–256 . - Jörg Ernesti : Ferdinand von Fürstenberg ( 1626–1683 ) . Geistiges Profil eines barocken Fürstbischofs ( = Studien und Quellen zur Westfälischen Geschichte . Vol . 51 ) . Bonifatius , Paderborn , 2004 , . - Jörg Ernesti : Drei Bischöfe – ein Reformwille . Ein neuer Blick auf Ferdinand von Fürstenberg ( 1626–83 ) und sein Verhältnis zu Christoph Bernhard von Galen und Niels Stensen . In : Westfalen , Hefte für Geschichte , Kunst und Volkskunde . Vol . 83 , 2005 , pp . 49–59 . - Helmut Lahrkamp : Ferdinand von Fürstenberg . In : Helmut Lahrkamp et al. : Fürstenbergsche Geschichte . Vol . 3 : Die Geschichte des Geschlechts von Fürstenberg im 17 . Jahrhundert . Aschendorff , Münster , 1971 , pp . 119–149 . - Konrad Mertens : Die Bildnisse der Fürsten und Bischöfe von Paderborn von 1498 - 1891 . Schöningh , Paderborn , 1892 ( UB Paderborn ) External links . - Digitale Sammlung der UB Paderborn : Büchernachlass Ferdinands von Fürstenberg - Ausstellung Historisches Museum im Marstall Paderborn : Ein westfälischer Fürstbischof von europäischer Bedeutung Ferdinand II . von Fürstenberg 17 . September 2004 bis 9 . Januar 2005 - Eintrag auf catholic-hierarchy.org

easy

What was the position of Ferdinand of Fürstenberg (1626–1683) from 1667 to Sep 1680?

/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Fürstenberg_(1626–1683)#P39#2

Ferdinand of Fürstenberg ( 1626–1683 ) Ferdinand of Fürstenberg ( ) , contemporaneously also known as Ferdinandus liber baro de Furstenberg , ( 26 October 1626 - 26 June 1683 ) was , as Ferdinand II , Prince Bishop of Paderborn from 1661 to 1683 and also Prince Bishop of Münster from 1678 to 1683 , having been its coadjutor since 1667/68 . He was brought almost complete restoration to the Bishopric of Paderborn after the devastation of the Thirty Years War . In foreign policy , he followed the principle of armed neutrality , but tended increasingly clearly to lean towards the French position . He distinguished himself as an author of historical works , a poet of Latin poetry and a correspondent with the great scholars of his time . He also emerged as a patron of the arts and religion and had numerous churches built or renovated . He is considered one of the most outstanding representatives of Baroque Catholicism . Background and education . Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was born on 26 October 1626 at Bilstein Castle in the Duchy of Westphalia into the Westphalian family of Fürstenberg . His father , Frederick of Furstenberg , was the Landesdrost or state governor for the Electorate of Cologne . His mother was Anna Maria ( née von Kerpen ) . He was the eleventh child of their marriage . His siblings include clergyman , artist and officer , Caspar Dietrich of Furstenberg , the cathedral provost in Münster and Paderborn , John Adolphus of Fürstenberg , the diplomat and head of the family , Frederick of Furstenberg , the dean William of Furstenberg and the Landkomtur Francis William of Furstenberg . His godfather was Elector Ferdinand of Bavaria . To the latter he owed the fact that he was given a diocesan stipend from Hildesheim at the age of seven . And thanks to the intercession of the emperor , in 1639 a benefice in the cathedral chapter of Paderborn was added to his income . As was customary in the family , Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was given an exceptionally good education for a member of the nobility at that time . Fürstenberg initially attended the Jesuit grammar school in Siegen . After that he studied philosophy in Paderborn and Münster . After the death of his parents Fürstenberg returned for a time to Bilstein Castle , where the castellan introduced him to the basics of jurisprudence . In 1648 he began his studies into theology and law at the University of Cologne . There he came into contact with important scholars especially among the Jesuits . He also came into contact with other leading scholars of his time , especially in Münster and Cologne . They included Aegidius Gelenius . In this period Fürstenberg began to carry out historical studies himself . In Münster he also came to know Fabio Chigi , the nuntius in the peace negotiations of the Thirty Years War and , later , Pope Alexander VII . In 1649 after completing his studies , he was given a place and vote in Paderborns cathedral chapter . One year later he was installed as a subdeacon . He was invited to Rome by Fabio Chigi . There he met his brother , John Adolphus in 1652 . Papal chamberlain and scholar in Rome . In Rome Fürstenberg worked as part of the retinue of Chigis . Through Chigis he came into contact with scholars there . He lived under the same roof with philologist Nikolaes Heinsius and they formed a lifelong friendship . He also had a close friendship with Lukas Holste . The latter motivated Ferdinand to undertake further language studies and arranged for him to have access to the Vatican library , which he ran . Fürstenberg also came into close contact with many Italian scholars . On the election of Fabio Chigi to the Papacy as Pope Alexander VII in 1655 , Fürstenberg was appointed as Papal Private Chamberlain ( Geheimkämmerer ) . Like his brother William later , Fürstenberg acted as an advisor to the Pope on German matters . He was a member of an Academy of Fine Arts , later even becoming its president . In 1657 he was chamberlain to the archsodality at Campo Santo and Provisor of the German Kirche Anima . But above all , he devoted himself to academic work , for example , producing numerous copies of documents from the Vatican archives . These included the Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae by Charlemagne . Some finds he left to others to publish , some he published himself . In addition , he emerged as a sponsor of large-scale academic projects such as the publication of Acta Sanctorum by Jean Bolland and his successor , the Bollandists . The discovery of documents from his Westphalian homeland prompted Ferdinands decision to write a history of the Bishopric of Paderborn . In 1659 Ferdinand was ordained as a priest . As a result , he was given several benefices . These included the Priory of the Holy Cross in Hildesheim , a cathedral chapter position in Münster and the opportunity of another in Halberstadt . In 1660 he became a papal legate and handed over the cardinalate to Francis William of Wartenberg . In addition he had to undertake diplomatic missions to Leopold I and many of the imperial princes . In Westphalia he also studied sources for his planned history of the bishopric . After his return to Rome Fürstenberg devoted himself mainly to historical research in the Vatican Archives . Time as a bishop . Ferdinand mainly had his brother , William , to thank for his election in 1661 as Bishop of Paderborn . His defeated opponent for the post was Maximilian Henry of Bavaria . Ferdinand was consecrated a bishop while still in Rome . He received his mitre in the German national church of Santa Maria dell’Anima from cardinal state secretary , Giulio Rospigliosi . He did not enter Paderborn 4 October 1661 . Internal politics in Paderborn . The state of Paderborn was still suffering from the consequences of the Thirty Years War , because Ferdinands predecessor had been unable to rebuild the economy for financial reasons . A primary objective for Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was thus the internal health of the land . His numerous construction projects were designed not least to employ the tradesmen of the prince bishopric . In addition , he encouraged the re-cultivation of fields that had lain waste . He had a forestry act passed and had censuses taken and tax lists made out . With limited success he support the establishment of factories . Even the healing baths in Bad Driburg had his support . To improve communications he supported a post coach service between Kassel and Amsterdam . Following a treaty , the town of Lügde from the County of Pyrmont was annexed by the Prince Bishopric of Paderborn . During his time the conditions for access of the nobility to the state parliament were tightened . Henceforth the knights had to prove sixteen noble ancestors , if they wanted to have a seat and vote in parliament . He had the city of Paderborn strongly fortified . The education system and Jesuit college set up under Dietrich of Fürstenberg were strongly promoted by Ferdinand . In addition , he has also tried to improve rural education and established new schools . In a special way , Ferdinand is credited with enforcing the law of the land . If need be , strict sentences were passed on people , regardless of status . The marshal , Kurt von Spiegel , and a pastor from Buke were executed for example . Coadjutor and bishop in Münster . The election of the coadjutor in Münster was problematic , because von Galen had promised in his electoral capitulation not to create such a position . In particular , William of Furstenberg , who had meanwhile become the secret private chamberlain of the Pope , obtained a dispensatory papal bull in Rome that permitted Ferdinand to accede to the office . However , Ferdinand , along with his brothers John Adolphus of Furstenberg and Francis William of Furstenberg , guaranteed before the election that he would not intervene in the government of the Prince Bishopric of Münster until the death of von Galen . In the crucial vote , Ferdinand narrowly won at the expense of his rival , the Elector of Cologne , Maximilian Henry of Bavaria . Both sides appealed to the curia in Rome . But thanks not least to the influence of William of Furstenberg , Ferdinands claim was confirmed . With that , the right of succession in Münster was decided . The local cathedral dean , Jobst Edmund von Brabeck , crossed over to the side of Cologne and became governor ( Statthalter ) of Hildesheim Abbey . The relationship with von Galen was problematic and their correspondence remained frosty . The military thinking of Galen was foreign to the scholarly nature of Ferdinand . In November 1679 , following the death of von Galen , Ferdinand made a ceremonial entry into Münster . After decades of far-reaching military power politics the land hoped for peace and a reduction in military expenditure . So they viewed their new prince , who was regarded as peace-loving , with confidence . In fact , after taking over the Prince Bishopric of Münster , Ferdinand pursued a new political line there . Von Galen had left large debts behind in the state of Münster . This , together with the more peaceful course adopted by Ferdinand , led to a sharp reduction in the number of Münster troops . With regard to Sweden he renounced the conquests of von Galens time . Only the Barony of Wildeshausen remained in the hands of the Bishopric of Münster as compensation for the damage inflicted by the Swedes . From France , Ferdinand received 50,000 Reichsthaler and Louis XIV promised to invest in the Catholic institutions in the Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden . Another externally oriented action for Münster was the destruction of Bevergern Castle as a gesture towards the Netherlands . Internally , however , Ferdinand left few personal traces in Münster . His main effort remained the Prince Bishopric of Paderborn . The running of the state he left to the officials inherited from his predecessor . Church policy . Ferdinand took his priestly office very seriously . He himself said mass daily and performed the majority of pontifical masses himself . He undertook visitation trips through his area of responsibility and promoted the education of clerics in accordance with the principles of the Council of Trent . He based the appointment of priests on their performance . Because he saw the monasteries as centres for the renewal of the Catholic faith in people , he promoted these institutions . Pastoral activities paid particular attention to the Capuchin and Jesuit orders . He was supported by the Vicar General , Laurentius von Dript . Pope Innocent XI appointed Ferdinand in 1680 as Vicar Apostolic for Halberstadt , Bremen , Magdeburg , Schwerin and Magdeburg . The Catholic mission was to be entirely peaceful in these areas which had become Protestant . He supported missionary work in Japan and China by the Jesuits through a large donation of 101,700 thalers . Prince Bishop Ferdinand was closely linked to the Danish convert and natural historian , Niels Stensen , who he named in 1680 as his suffragan bishop in Münster . Stensen was not just significant for Ferdinand as a scholar , but also made a major contribution to the Missio Ferdinanda , to the mission foundation of 1682 for popular missions in Westphalia , to the Far East mission and to pastoral care in Northern Europe . Foreign policy . Overall Ferdinand pursued a peaceful foreign policy of armed neutrality , which avoided direct participation in war whenever possible . But Ferdinands foreign policy swung between loyalty to the emperor and the leaning towards France . Ferdinand was greatly impressed by the personality of Louis XIV . Yet , following a family tradition , he initially remained a Habsburg adherent . Later on , his policy was oscillated before increasingly leaning towards the French side . Despite his tendency to take a neutral stance , in 1665 he sent a small contingent of troops to support the war by the Bishop of Münster , Christoph Bernhard von Galen , who attacked the Netherlands together with Charles II of England . He opposed the war itself , but felt compelled to support von Galen , in order to be appointed by him as coadjutor of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster . Behind the scenes , Ferdinand tried to end the war , which ended with the Treaty of Cleves in 1666 . Death . Ferdinand died on 26 June 1683 in Paderborn . Works ( selection ) . - Monumenta Paderbornensia . 1669 - Cels [ issi ] mi ac rev [ erendissi ] mi principis Ferdinandi episcopi Paderbornensis … 1677 ( UB Paderborn ) - Poemata Ferdinandi Episcopi Monasteriensis Et Paderbornensis , S . R . I . Principis , Comitis Pyrmontani , Liberi Baronis De Furstenberg . Paris , 1684 ( UB Paderborn ) - Denkmale des Landes Paderborn . Translated from the Latin and furnished with a biographe of the author by Franz Joseph Micus . Paderborn : Junfermann , 1844 ( UB Paderborn ) Literature . - Hans J . Brandt , Karl Hengst : Die Bischöfe und Erzbischöfe von Paderborn . Paderborn , 1984 , , pp . 249–256 . - Jörg Ernesti : Ferdinand von Fürstenberg ( 1626–1683 ) . Geistiges Profil eines barocken Fürstbischofs ( = Studien und Quellen zur Westfälischen Geschichte . Vol . 51 ) . Bonifatius , Paderborn , 2004 , . - Jörg Ernesti : Drei Bischöfe – ein Reformwille . Ein neuer Blick auf Ferdinand von Fürstenberg ( 1626–83 ) und sein Verhältnis zu Christoph Bernhard von Galen und Niels Stensen . In : Westfalen , Hefte für Geschichte , Kunst und Volkskunde . Vol . 83 , 2005 , pp . 49–59 . - Helmut Lahrkamp : Ferdinand von Fürstenberg . In : Helmut Lahrkamp et al. : Fürstenbergsche Geschichte . Vol . 3 : Die Geschichte des Geschlechts von Fürstenberg im 17 . Jahrhundert . Aschendorff , Münster , 1971 , pp . 119–149 . - Konrad Mertens : Die Bildnisse der Fürsten und Bischöfe von Paderborn von 1498 - 1891 . Schöningh , Paderborn , 1892 ( UB Paderborn ) External links . - Digitale Sammlung der UB Paderborn : Büchernachlass Ferdinands von Fürstenberg - Ausstellung Historisches Museum im Marstall Paderborn : Ein westfälischer Fürstbischof von europäischer Bedeutung Ferdinand II . von Fürstenberg 17 . September 2004 bis 9 . Januar 2005 - Eintrag auf catholic-hierarchy.org

easy

Ferdinand of Fürstenberg (1626–1683) took which position from Sep 1680 to Sep 1681?

/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Fürstenberg_(1626–1683)#P39#3

Ferdinand of Fürstenberg ( 1626–1683 ) Ferdinand of Fürstenberg ( ) , contemporaneously also known as Ferdinandus liber baro de Furstenberg , ( 26 October 1626 - 26 June 1683 ) was , as Ferdinand II , Prince Bishop of Paderborn from 1661 to 1683 and also Prince Bishop of Münster from 1678 to 1683 , having been its coadjutor since 1667/68 . He was brought almost complete restoration to the Bishopric of Paderborn after the devastation of the Thirty Years War . In foreign policy , he followed the principle of armed neutrality , but tended increasingly clearly to lean towards the French position . He distinguished himself as an author of historical works , a poet of Latin poetry and a correspondent with the great scholars of his time . He also emerged as a patron of the arts and religion and had numerous churches built or renovated . He is considered one of the most outstanding representatives of Baroque Catholicism . Background and education . Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was born on 26 October 1626 at Bilstein Castle in the Duchy of Westphalia into the Westphalian family of Fürstenberg . His father , Frederick of Furstenberg , was the Landesdrost or state governor for the Electorate of Cologne . His mother was Anna Maria ( née von Kerpen ) . He was the eleventh child of their marriage . His siblings include clergyman , artist and officer , Caspar Dietrich of Furstenberg , the cathedral provost in Münster and Paderborn , John Adolphus of Fürstenberg , the diplomat and head of the family , Frederick of Furstenberg , the dean William of Furstenberg and the Landkomtur Francis William of Furstenberg . His godfather was Elector Ferdinand of Bavaria . To the latter he owed the fact that he was given a diocesan stipend from Hildesheim at the age of seven . And thanks to the intercession of the emperor , in 1639 a benefice in the cathedral chapter of Paderborn was added to his income . As was customary in the family , Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was given an exceptionally good education for a member of the nobility at that time . Fürstenberg initially attended the Jesuit grammar school in Siegen . After that he studied philosophy in Paderborn and Münster . After the death of his parents Fürstenberg returned for a time to Bilstein Castle , where the castellan introduced him to the basics of jurisprudence . In 1648 he began his studies into theology and law at the University of Cologne . There he came into contact with important scholars especially among the Jesuits . He also came into contact with other leading scholars of his time , especially in Münster and Cologne . They included Aegidius Gelenius . In this period Fürstenberg began to carry out historical studies himself . In Münster he also came to know Fabio Chigi , the nuntius in the peace negotiations of the Thirty Years War and , later , Pope Alexander VII . In 1649 after completing his studies , he was given a place and vote in Paderborns cathedral chapter . One year later he was installed as a subdeacon . He was invited to Rome by Fabio Chigi . There he met his brother , John Adolphus in 1652 . Papal chamberlain and scholar in Rome . In Rome Fürstenberg worked as part of the retinue of Chigis . Through Chigis he came into contact with scholars there . He lived under the same roof with philologist Nikolaes Heinsius and they formed a lifelong friendship . He also had a close friendship with Lukas Holste . The latter motivated Ferdinand to undertake further language studies and arranged for him to have access to the Vatican library , which he ran . Fürstenberg also came into close contact with many Italian scholars . On the election of Fabio Chigi to the Papacy as Pope Alexander VII in 1655 , Fürstenberg was appointed as Papal Private Chamberlain ( Geheimkämmerer ) . Like his brother William later , Fürstenberg acted as an advisor to the Pope on German matters . He was a member of an Academy of Fine Arts , later even becoming its president . In 1657 he was chamberlain to the archsodality at Campo Santo and Provisor of the German Kirche Anima . But above all , he devoted himself to academic work , for example , producing numerous copies of documents from the Vatican archives . These included the Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae by Charlemagne . Some finds he left to others to publish , some he published himself . In addition , he emerged as a sponsor of large-scale academic projects such as the publication of Acta Sanctorum by Jean Bolland and his successor , the Bollandists . The discovery of documents from his Westphalian homeland prompted Ferdinands decision to write a history of the Bishopric of Paderborn . In 1659 Ferdinand was ordained as a priest . As a result , he was given several benefices . These included the Priory of the Holy Cross in Hildesheim , a cathedral chapter position in Münster and the opportunity of another in Halberstadt . In 1660 he became a papal legate and handed over the cardinalate to Francis William of Wartenberg . In addition he had to undertake diplomatic missions to Leopold I and many of the imperial princes . In Westphalia he also studied sources for his planned history of the bishopric . After his return to Rome Fürstenberg devoted himself mainly to historical research in the Vatican Archives . Time as a bishop . Ferdinand mainly had his brother , William , to thank for his election in 1661 as Bishop of Paderborn . His defeated opponent for the post was Maximilian Henry of Bavaria . Ferdinand was consecrated a bishop while still in Rome . He received his mitre in the German national church of Santa Maria dell’Anima from cardinal state secretary , Giulio Rospigliosi . He did not enter Paderborn 4 October 1661 . Internal politics in Paderborn . The state of Paderborn was still suffering from the consequences of the Thirty Years War , because Ferdinands predecessor had been unable to rebuild the economy for financial reasons . A primary objective for Ferdinand of Fürstenberg was thus the internal health of the land . His numerous construction projects were designed not least to employ the tradesmen of the prince bishopric . In addition , he encouraged the re-cultivation of fields that had lain waste . He had a forestry act passed and had censuses taken and tax lists made out . With limited success he support the establishment of factories . Even the healing baths in Bad Driburg had his support . To improve communications he supported a post coach service between Kassel and Amsterdam . Following a treaty , the town of Lügde from the County of Pyrmont was annexed by the Prince Bishopric of Paderborn . During his time the conditions for access of the nobility to the state parliament were tightened . Henceforth the knights had to prove sixteen noble ancestors , if they wanted to have a seat and vote in parliament . He had the city of Paderborn strongly fortified . The education system and Jesuit college set up under Dietrich of Fürstenberg were strongly promoted by Ferdinand . In addition , he has also tried to improve rural education and established new schools . In a special way , Ferdinand is credited with enforcing the law of the land . If need be , strict sentences were passed on people , regardless of status . The marshal , Kurt von Spiegel , and a pastor from Buke were executed for example . Coadjutor and bishop in Münster . The election of the coadjutor in Münster was problematic , because von Galen had promised in his electoral capitulation not to create such a position . In particular , William of Furstenberg , who had meanwhile become the secret private chamberlain of the Pope , obtained a dispensatory papal bull in Rome that permitted Ferdinand to accede to the office . However , Ferdinand , along with his brothers John Adolphus of Furstenberg and Francis William of Furstenberg , guaranteed before the election that he would not intervene in the government of the Prince Bishopric of Münster until the death of von Galen . In the crucial vote , Ferdinand narrowly won at the expense of his rival , the Elector of Cologne , Maximilian Henry of Bavaria . Both sides appealed to the curia in Rome . But thanks not least to the influence of William of Furstenberg , Ferdinands claim was confirmed . With that , the right of succession in Münster was decided . The local cathedral dean , Jobst Edmund von Brabeck , crossed over to the side of Cologne and became governor ( Statthalter ) of Hildesheim Abbey . The relationship with von Galen was problematic and their correspondence remained frosty . The military thinking of Galen was foreign to the scholarly nature of Ferdinand . In November 1679 , following the death of von Galen , Ferdinand made a ceremonial entry into Münster . After decades of far-reaching military power politics the land hoped for peace and a reduction in military expenditure . So they viewed their new prince , who was regarded as peace-loving , with confidence . In fact , after taking over the Prince Bishopric of Münster , Ferdinand pursued a new political line there . Von Galen had left large debts behind in the state of Münster . This , together with the more peaceful course adopted by Ferdinand , led to a sharp reduction in the number of Münster troops . With regard to Sweden he renounced the conquests of von Galens time . Only the Barony of Wildeshausen remained in the hands of the Bishopric of Münster as compensation for the damage inflicted by the Swedes . From France , Ferdinand received 50,000 Reichsthaler and Louis XIV promised to invest in the Catholic institutions in the Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden . Another externally oriented action for Münster was the destruction of Bevergern Castle as a gesture towards the Netherlands . Internally , however , Ferdinand left few personal traces in Münster . His main effort remained the Prince Bishopric of Paderborn . The running of the state he left to the officials inherited from his predecessor . Church policy . Ferdinand took his priestly office very seriously . He himself said mass daily and performed the majority of pontifical masses himself . He undertook visitation trips through his area of responsibility and promoted the education of clerics in accordance with the principles of the Council of Trent . He based the appointment of priests on their performance . Because he saw the monasteries as centres for the renewal of the Catholic faith in people , he promoted these institutions . Pastoral activities paid particular attention to the Capuchin and Jesuit orders . He was supported by the Vicar General , Laurentius von Dript . Pope Innocent XI appointed Ferdinand in 1680 as Vicar Apostolic for Halberstadt , Bremen , Magdeburg , Schwerin and Magdeburg . The Catholic mission was to be entirely peaceful in these areas which had become Protestant . He supported missionary work in Japan and China by the Jesuits through a large donation of 101,700 thalers . Prince Bishop Ferdinand was closely linked to the Danish convert and natural historian , Niels Stensen , who he named in 1680 as his suffragan bishop in Münster . Stensen was not just significant for Ferdinand as a scholar , but also made a major contribution to the Missio Ferdinanda , to the mission foundation of 1682 for popular missions in Westphalia , to the Far East mission and to pastoral care in Northern Europe . Foreign policy . Overall Ferdinand pursued a peaceful foreign policy of armed neutrality , which avoided direct participation in war whenever possible . But Ferdinands foreign policy swung between loyalty to the emperor and the leaning towards France . Ferdinand was greatly impressed by the personality of Louis XIV . Yet , following a family tradition , he initially remained a Habsburg adherent . Later on , his policy was oscillated before increasingly leaning towards the French side . Despite his tendency to take a neutral stance , in 1665 he sent a small contingent of troops to support the war by the Bishop of Münster , Christoph Bernhard von Galen , who attacked the Netherlands together with Charles II of England . He opposed the war itself , but felt compelled to support von Galen , in order to be appointed by him as coadjutor of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster . Behind the scenes , Ferdinand tried to end the war , which ended with the Treaty of Cleves in 1666 . Death . Ferdinand died on 26 June 1683 in Paderborn . Works ( selection ) . - Monumenta Paderbornensia . 1669 - Cels [ issi ] mi ac rev [ erendissi ] mi principis Ferdinandi episcopi Paderbornensis … 1677 ( UB Paderborn ) - Poemata Ferdinandi Episcopi Monasteriensis Et Paderbornensis , S . R . I . Principis , Comitis Pyrmontani , Liberi Baronis De Furstenberg . Paris , 1684 ( UB Paderborn ) - Denkmale des Landes Paderborn . Translated from the Latin and furnished with a biographe of the author by Franz Joseph Micus . Paderborn : Junfermann , 1844 ( UB Paderborn ) Literature . - Hans J . Brandt , Karl Hengst : Die Bischöfe und Erzbischöfe von Paderborn . Paderborn , 1984 , , pp . 249–256 . - Jörg Ernesti : Ferdinand von Fürstenberg ( 1626–1683 ) . Geistiges Profil eines barocken Fürstbischofs ( = Studien und Quellen zur Westfälischen Geschichte . Vol . 51 ) . Bonifatius , Paderborn , 2004 , . - Jörg Ernesti : Drei Bischöfe – ein Reformwille . Ein neuer Blick auf Ferdinand von Fürstenberg ( 1626–83 ) und sein Verhältnis zu Christoph Bernhard von Galen und Niels Stensen . In : Westfalen , Hefte für Geschichte , Kunst und Volkskunde . Vol . 83 , 2005 , pp . 49–59 . - Helmut Lahrkamp : Ferdinand von Fürstenberg . In : Helmut Lahrkamp et al. : Fürstenbergsche Geschichte . Vol . 3 : Die Geschichte des Geschlechts von Fürstenberg im 17 . Jahrhundert . Aschendorff , Münster , 1971 , pp . 119–149 . - Konrad Mertens : Die Bildnisse der Fürsten und Bischöfe von Paderborn von 1498 - 1891 . Schöningh , Paderborn , 1892 ( UB Paderborn ) External links . - Digitale Sammlung der UB Paderborn : Büchernachlass Ferdinands von Fürstenberg - Ausstellung Historisches Museum im Marstall Paderborn : Ein westfälischer Fürstbischof von europäischer Bedeutung Ferdinand II . von Fürstenberg 17 . September 2004 bis 9 . Januar 2005 - Eintrag auf catholic-hierarchy.org

easy

What significant event was happening to Viaduto do Chá from 1887 to 1888?

/wiki/Viaduto_do_Chá#P793#0

Viaduto do Chá Viaduto do Chá ( Tea Viaduct ) is a viaduct of São Paulo , Brazil . It was the first viaduct built in the city , and was instigated by Jules Martin , a French immigrant to the city . The span crosses the Vale do Anhangabaú . Originally conceived in 1877 , construction started in 1888 before being stopped one month later by a court case brought by local residents . Construction resumed in 1889 , and the iron bridge was completed in 1892 . The original viaduct was replaced in 1938 with a new concrete span . It often appears in TV interviews , as well as films and telenovelas set in São Paulo . Background . The viaduct is located in São Paulo , Brazil . It runs over the Anhangabaú River in the Vale do Anhangabaú valley , which separated two cities . On one side was the city centre of São Paulo , which ended at the Rua Direita . On the other side was a neighbourhood called Morro do Chá ( now Republica and Consolação ) , which lacked good transportation and policing . In order to get between the two , a long tram ride in a U-shape around the valley was required , or to go down a steep descent to the Ponte do Lorena and cross there , returning up a slope on the other side near to Rua Xavier de Toledo . An extension of the citys tram network to Consolação was proposed in 1879 , but was rejected by local residents as being good for the tram company but bad for local residents . Original viaduct . The idea of building a viaduct came from Jules Martin , a French immigrant who was active in solving problems in the city , including installing the citys first gas engine , and drawing the first map of the province . He presented initial plans to connect Rua Direita to Rua Barão de Itapetininga with a viaduct in 1877 . Expanded plans for a boulevard were detailed in 1882 , but by 1885 the plans had reverted to the viaduct , and Martin signed a contract to construct it and to form a company to do so . Planning started on 30 April 1888 . After one month the work on the viaduct stopped . Some of the residents were against the viaduct , including Francisco Xavier Pais de Barros , the Baron of Tatuí , and his wife , one of whose houses was slated for demolition to construct the viaduct . People in favour of the viaduct attacked his house with picks to force him to move . In May 1889 their court case was defeated , and the viaduct was constructed . Construction restarted in 1889 , initially run by the company Companhia Paulista do Chá . Due to delays , the company ran out of funding and almost went bankrupt ; the project was transferred to Companhia de Ferro Carril de São Paulo , which completed the construction . The -long viaduct had a structure made of iron imported from Germany , with a wooden floor . It was wide , and carried pedestrians , horse-drawn trams , and other animal-drawn vehicles ( but fixed-axle vehicles were banned ) . It was inaugurated on 6 November 1892 . It was São Paulos first viaduct , and was named after a nearby tea plantation called Morro do Chá . It was originally operated as a gated toll road in order to cover the construction expenses . The toll to cross the bridge was 60 réis , or three vinténs , per person , which led to the nickname for the viaduct of Viaduto dos Três Vinténs ( Three Vinténs Viaduct ) . For trams the toll was 200 réis . The toll was removed in 1896 when the viaduct was expropriated by the city council . The bridge was strengthened and enlarged in 1902 when electric trams were introduced to the city , and the valley that it passed over was turned into a park in 1910 . The Municipal Theatre was constructed nearby 1911 on the site of an earlier sawmill . In the 1920s cars started to cross the viaduct . Replacement . By the 1930s , the original viaduct was too narrow to cope with the increase in traffic due to the growth of the city . A new double-width bridge made of reinforced concrete was constructed with a long arch supported by two pillars , adjacent to the original viaduct . It was designed by Elisário Bahiana , and was inaugurated on 23 February 1938 ; the original viaduct was demolished starting on 18 April 1938 . The park below the bridge changed substantially in the 1940s , with the river being taken underground and new roads constructed in the valley passing under the viaduct . The area changed significantly again in the 1990s , with a new road tunnel passing through the valley and a new park constructed on top of the tunnel . In 1992 the deck of the viaduct was refurbished . The viaduct is now adjacent to the Matarazzo Building , São Paulos town hall The bridge has been one of the icons of the city for many years , and is often used as a backdrop during TV interviews , and in movies and telenovelas set in São Paulo . The viaduct has often been used for suicides , a fact that has been featured in songs . In April 2010 the sidewalk of the viaduct was occupied by around 700 tents .

easy

What significant event was going on in Viaduto do Chá from 1888 to 1892?

/wiki/Viaduto_do_Chá#P793#1

Viaduto do Chá Viaduto do Chá ( Tea Viaduct ) is a viaduct of São Paulo , Brazil . It was the first viaduct built in the city , and was instigated by Jules Martin , a French immigrant to the city . The span crosses the Vale do Anhangabaú . Originally conceived in 1877 , construction started in 1888 before being stopped one month later by a court case brought by local residents . Construction resumed in 1889 , and the iron bridge was completed in 1892 . The original viaduct was replaced in 1938 with a new concrete span . It often appears in TV interviews , as well as films and telenovelas set in São Paulo . Background . The viaduct is located in São Paulo , Brazil . It runs over the Anhangabaú River in the Vale do Anhangabaú valley , which separated two cities . On one side was the city centre of São Paulo , which ended at the Rua Direita . On the other side was a neighbourhood called Morro do Chá ( now Republica and Consolação ) , which lacked good transportation and policing . In order to get between the two , a long tram ride in a U-shape around the valley was required , or to go down a steep descent to the Ponte do Lorena and cross there , returning up a slope on the other side near to Rua Xavier de Toledo . An extension of the citys tram network to Consolação was proposed in 1879 , but was rejected by local residents as being good for the tram company but bad for local residents . Original viaduct . The idea of building a viaduct came from Jules Martin , a French immigrant who was active in solving problems in the city , including installing the citys first gas engine , and drawing the first map of the province . He presented initial plans to connect Rua Direita to Rua Barão de Itapetininga with a viaduct in 1877 . Expanded plans for a boulevard were detailed in 1882 , but by 1885 the plans had reverted to the viaduct , and Martin signed a contract to construct it and to form a company to do so . Planning started on 30 April 1888 . After one month the work on the viaduct stopped . Some of the residents were against the viaduct , including Francisco Xavier Pais de Barros , the Baron of Tatuí , and his wife , one of whose houses was slated for demolition to construct the viaduct . People in favour of the viaduct attacked his house with picks to force him to move . In May 1889 their court case was defeated , and the viaduct was constructed . Construction restarted in 1889 , initially run by the company Companhia Paulista do Chá . Due to delays , the company ran out of funding and almost went bankrupt ; the project was transferred to Companhia de Ferro Carril de São Paulo , which completed the construction . The -long viaduct had a structure made of iron imported from Germany , with a wooden floor . It was wide , and carried pedestrians , horse-drawn trams , and other animal-drawn vehicles ( but fixed-axle vehicles were banned ) . It was inaugurated on 6 November 1892 . It was São Paulos first viaduct , and was named after a nearby tea plantation called Morro do Chá . It was originally operated as a gated toll road in order to cover the construction expenses . The toll to cross the bridge was 60 réis , or three vinténs , per person , which led to the nickname for the viaduct of Viaduto dos Três Vinténs ( Three Vinténs Viaduct ) . For trams the toll was 200 réis . The toll was removed in 1896 when the viaduct was expropriated by the city council . The bridge was strengthened and enlarged in 1902 when electric trams were introduced to the city , and the valley that it passed over was turned into a park in 1910 . The Municipal Theatre was constructed nearby 1911 on the site of an earlier sawmill . In the 1920s cars started to cross the viaduct . Replacement . By the 1930s , the original viaduct was too narrow to cope with the increase in traffic due to the growth of the city . A new double-width bridge made of reinforced concrete was constructed with a long arch supported by two pillars , adjacent to the original viaduct . It was designed by Elisário Bahiana , and was inaugurated on 23 February 1938 ; the original viaduct was demolished starting on 18 April 1938 . The park below the bridge changed substantially in the 1940s , with the river being taken underground and new roads constructed in the valley passing under the viaduct . The area changed significantly again in the 1990s , with a new road tunnel passing through the valley and a new park constructed on top of the tunnel . In 1992 the deck of the viaduct was refurbished . The viaduct is now adjacent to the Matarazzo Building , São Paulos town hall The bridge has been one of the icons of the city for many years , and is often used as a backdrop during TV interviews , and in movies and telenovelas set in São Paulo . The viaduct has often been used for suicides , a fact that has been featured in songs . In April 2010 the sidewalk of the viaduct was occupied by around 700 tents .

easy

What significant event was going on in Viaduto do Chá from 1892 to 1938?

/wiki/Viaduto_do_Chá#P793#2

Viaduto do Chá Viaduto do Chá ( Tea Viaduct ) is a viaduct of São Paulo , Brazil . It was the first viaduct built in the city , and was instigated by Jules Martin , a French immigrant to the city . The span crosses the Vale do Anhangabaú . Originally conceived in 1877 , construction started in 1888 before being stopped one month later by a court case brought by local residents . Construction resumed in 1889 , and the iron bridge was completed in 1892 . The original viaduct was replaced in 1938 with a new concrete span . It often appears in TV interviews , as well as films and telenovelas set in São Paulo . Background . The viaduct is located in São Paulo , Brazil . It runs over the Anhangabaú River in the Vale do Anhangabaú valley , which separated two cities . On one side was the city centre of São Paulo , which ended at the Rua Direita . On the other side was a neighbourhood called Morro do Chá ( now Republica and Consolação ) , which lacked good transportation and policing . In order to get between the two , a long tram ride in a U-shape around the valley was required , or to go down a steep descent to the Ponte do Lorena and cross there , returning up a slope on the other side near to Rua Xavier de Toledo . An extension of the citys tram network to Consolação was proposed in 1879 , but was rejected by local residents as being good for the tram company but bad for local residents . Original viaduct . The idea of building a viaduct came from Jules Martin , a French immigrant who was active in solving problems in the city , including installing the citys first gas engine , and drawing the first map of the province . He presented initial plans to connect Rua Direita to Rua Barão de Itapetininga with a viaduct in 1877 . Expanded plans for a boulevard were detailed in 1882 , but by 1885 the plans had reverted to the viaduct , and Martin signed a contract to construct it and to form a company to do so . Planning started on 30 April 1888 . After one month the work on the viaduct stopped . Some of the residents were against the viaduct , including Francisco Xavier Pais de Barros , the Baron of Tatuí , and his wife , one of whose houses was slated for demolition to construct the viaduct . People in favour of the viaduct attacked his house with picks to force him to move . In May 1889 their court case was defeated , and the viaduct was constructed . Construction restarted in 1889 , initially run by the company Companhia Paulista do Chá . Due to delays , the company ran out of funding and almost went bankrupt ; the project was transferred to Companhia de Ferro Carril de São Paulo , which completed the construction . The -long viaduct had a structure made of iron imported from Germany , with a wooden floor . It was wide , and carried pedestrians , horse-drawn trams , and other animal-drawn vehicles ( but fixed-axle vehicles were banned ) . It was inaugurated on 6 November 1892 . It was São Paulos first viaduct , and was named after a nearby tea plantation called Morro do Chá . It was originally operated as a gated toll road in order to cover the construction expenses . The toll to cross the bridge was 60 réis , or three vinténs , per person , which led to the nickname for the viaduct of Viaduto dos Três Vinténs ( Three Vinténs Viaduct ) . For trams the toll was 200 réis . The toll was removed in 1896 when the viaduct was expropriated by the city council . The bridge was strengthened and enlarged in 1902 when electric trams were introduced to the city , and the valley that it passed over was turned into a park in 1910 . The Municipal Theatre was constructed nearby 1911 on the site of an earlier sawmill . In the 1920s cars started to cross the viaduct . Replacement . By the 1930s , the original viaduct was too narrow to cope with the increase in traffic due to the growth of the city . A new double-width bridge made of reinforced concrete was constructed with a long arch supported by two pillars , adjacent to the original viaduct . It was designed by Elisário Bahiana , and was inaugurated on 23 February 1938 ; the original viaduct was demolished starting on 18 April 1938 . The park below the bridge changed substantially in the 1940s , with the river being taken underground and new roads constructed in the valley passing under the viaduct . The area changed significantly again in the 1990s , with a new road tunnel passing through the valley and a new park constructed on top of the tunnel . In 1992 the deck of the viaduct was refurbished . The viaduct is now adjacent to the Matarazzo Building , São Paulos town hall The bridge has been one of the icons of the city for many years , and is often used as a backdrop during TV interviews , and in movies and telenovelas set in São Paulo . The viaduct has often been used for suicides , a fact that has been featured in songs . In April 2010 the sidewalk of the viaduct was occupied by around 700 tents .

easy

Who was the spouse of Dick Haymes from 1941 to 1949?

/wiki/Dick_Haymes#P26#0

Dick Haymes Richard Benjamin Haymes ( September 13 , 1918 – March 28 , 1980 ) was an Argentinian-American actor and singer . He was one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1940s and early 1950s . He was the older brother of Bob Haymes who was an actor , television host , and songwriter . Background . Haymes was born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , in 1918 . His mother , whom Haymes predeceased , was Irish-born Marguerite Haymes ( 1894–1987 ) , a well-known vocal coach and instructor of English descent . His father worked as a rancher and was of English descent . The Haymeses traveled extensively before settling in the United States when Haymes was an infant . Career . At the age of 17 , Haymes moved to Los Angeles where he initially worked as a stunt man and film double . At the age of 19 , he moved to New York City where he worked as a vocalist in a number of big bands . On September 3 , 1942 , Frank Sinatra introduced Haymes on radio as Sinatras replacement in the Tommy Dorsey band . Prior to joining Dorseys group , Haymes sang with the Harry James orchestra . In 1945 , Haymes co-starred with Jeanne Crain , Dana Andrews and Vivian Blaine in the musical State Fair . He teamed with female vocalist Helen Forrest for many hit duets during World War II , including Together , Ill Buy That Dream , and Long Ago and Far Away ; he sang with Judy Garland on two Decca recordings of songs from the film The Shocking Miss Pilgrim , in which he appeared with Betty Grable . From 1944 to 1948 , he had his own radio program , The Dick Haymes Show , first on NBC and later on CBS . He paired repeatedly with the Andrews Sisters ( Patty , Maxene , and LaVerne ) on a dozen or so Decca collaborations , including the Billboard hit Teresa , Great Day , My Sin , and a 1952 rendering of the dramatic ballad Here in My Heart , backed by the sisters and Nelson Riddles lush strings . His duets with Patty Andrews were also well received , both on Decca vinyl and on radios Club Fifteen with the sisters , which he hosted in 1949 and 1950 . He also joined Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters for 1947 session that produced the Billboard hit Theres No Business Like Show Business , as well as Anything You Can Do ( I Can Do Better ) . His popular renditions of tender ballads such as Little White Lies and Maybe Its Because were recorded with celebrated arranger Gordon Jenkins and his orchestra and chorus . World War II . Haymess birth in Argentina to non-U.S . citizens meant he was not an American citizen . In order to avoid military service during World War II , Haymes asserted his nonbelligerent status as a citizen of Argentina , which remained neutral until almost the end of the war . Hollywood-based columnists Louella Parsons and Hedda Hopper questioned Haymes patriotism , but the story had little effect on his career . About that time , he was classified 4-F by the draft board because of hypertension . As part of his draft examination , he was confined for a short period to a hospital on Ellis Island , which confirmed his hypertension . In 1953 , Haymes went to Hawaii ( then a territory and , technically , not part of the United States ) without first notifying immigration authorities . On returning to the mainland United States , he was nearly deported to Argentina , but won his battle to remain in the United States . Later years . Haymes experienced serious financial problems later in life , by the early 1960s declaring bankruptcy with $500,000 in debts . He appeared as unscrupulous doctor Elroy Gantman in a 1974 episode of the TV show Adam-12 . Through his mothers nationality , Haymes spent his last years as an Irish citizen . Marriages . Haymes was married six times , including to film actresses Joanne Dru ( 1941–1949 ) , Rita Hayworth ( 1953–1955 ) , and Fran Jeffries ( 1958–1964 ) . He was also married to Nora Eddington ( 1949–1953 ) , a former wife of Errol Flynn . Haymes had a total of six children—three with Joanne Dru , one with Fran Jeffries , and two with his sixth and final wife , British model Wendy Smith . Death . On March 28 , 1980 , Haymes died from lung cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles . He was 61 years old . Discography . 78rpm albums . Dick Haymes Sings – Carmen Cavallaro at the Piano – Irving Berlin Songs ( 1948 Decca Record ) Original LPs . - Rain or Shine ( 1955 ) - Moondreams ( 1957 ) - Look at Me Now ! ( 1957 ) - Richard the Lion-Hearted - Dick Haymes that is ! ( 1960 ) LP compilations . - Dick Haymes ( 1950s ) - Little White Lies ( 1958 ) - Dick Haymes - Maury Laws Orchestra / Featuring Cy Coleman ( 1960s ) - Love Letters ( 1960s ) - Spotlight On – Dick Haymes Sings Romantic Ballads - Featuring Johnny Kay ( 1960s ) - Easy ( 1973 ) - Imagination ( 1982 ) ( also available on CD ) Live LP albums . - Dick Haymes Comes Home ! ( 1973 ) Selected CD compilations . - ( 2016 ) Dick Haymes Youll Never Know His 53 Finest 2 CDset ( Retrospective ) - ( 1990 ) Richard the Lion-Hearted – Dick Haymes that is ! ( 1990 ) re-issue of the vinyl album - Imagination ( 1992 ) - The Very Best of Dick Haymes , Vol . 1 ( 1997 ) - The Very Best of Dick Haymes , Vol . 2 ( 1997 ) - The Complete Columbia Recordings – with Harry James and Benny Goodman ( 1998 ) - Little White Lies : 25 Original Mono Recordings 1942-1050 . Living Era . ASV Mono . CD AJA 5387 ( 2001 ) - Christmas Wishes ( 2002 , radio transcriptions ) - Golden Years of Dick Haymes ( 2003 ) - The Complete Capitol Collection ( 2006 ) Filmography . - Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) – Able-Bodied Seaman ( uncredited ) - Dramatic School ( 1938 ) – Student ( uncredited ) - Du Barry Was a Lady ( 1943 ) – Singer ( uncredited ) - Girl Crazy ( 1943 ) – Member , The Pied Pipers ( uncredited ) - Four Jills in a Jeep ( 1944 ) – Lt . Dick Ryan - Irish Eyes Are Smiling ( 1944 ) – Ernest R . Ball - I Am an American ( 1944 ) – Himself ( uncredited ) - Diamond Horseshoe ( 1945 ) – Joe Davis Jr . - State Fair ( 1945 ) – Wayne Frake - Fallen Angel ( 1945 ) – Himself – JukeBox Vocalist ( voice , uncredited ) - Do You Love Me ( 1946 ) – Jimmy Hale - The Shocking Miss Pilgrim ( 1947 ) – John Pritchard - Carnival in Costa Rica ( 1947 ) – Jeff Stephens - Up in Central Park ( 1948 ) – John Matthews - One Touch of Venus ( 1948 ) – Joe Grant - Words and Music ( 1948 ) – Himself - St . Benny the Dip ( 1951 ) – Benny - Hollywood Fun Festival ( 1952 ) – Master of Ceremonies - All Ashore ( 1953 ) – Joe Carter - Lets Do It Again ( 1953 ) – Singer – I Could Never Love Anyone But You ( voice , uncredited ) - Cruisin Down the River ( 1953 ) – Beauregard Clemment / Beau Clemment III - Adam-12 ( 1974 ) ( TV ) – Dr . Elroy Gantman - Hec Ramsey - S2E04 - Scar Tissue ( 1974 ) ( TV ) ~ Hamilton Hobbs - Betrayal ( 1974 ) ( TV ) – Harold Porter - Won Ton Ton , the Dog Who Saved Hollywood ( 1976 ) – James Crawford - The Eddie Capra Mysteries ( 1978 ) ( TV – episode Murder on the Flip Side ) – Jason Lamb Musical theatre . - Miss Liberty ( 1951 , Dallas Theatre ) The Big Broadcast of 1944 , - A Lee Gruber , Shelly Gross off Broadway production , fall of 1979 - Devon , PA , Detroit , MI , and Westbury , NY

easy

Who was the spouse of Dick Haymes from 1949 to 1953?

/wiki/Dick_Haymes#P26#1

Dick Haymes Richard Benjamin Haymes ( September 13 , 1918 – March 28 , 1980 ) was an Argentinian-American actor and singer . He was one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1940s and early 1950s . He was the older brother of Bob Haymes who was an actor , television host , and songwriter . Background . Haymes was born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , in 1918 . His mother , whom Haymes predeceased , was Irish-born Marguerite Haymes ( 1894–1987 ) , a well-known vocal coach and instructor of English descent . His father worked as a rancher and was of English descent . The Haymeses traveled extensively before settling in the United States when Haymes was an infant . Career . At the age of 17 , Haymes moved to Los Angeles where he initially worked as a stunt man and film double . At the age of 19 , he moved to New York City where he worked as a vocalist in a number of big bands . On September 3 , 1942 , Frank Sinatra introduced Haymes on radio as Sinatras replacement in the Tommy Dorsey band . Prior to joining Dorseys group , Haymes sang with the Harry James orchestra . In 1945 , Haymes co-starred with Jeanne Crain , Dana Andrews and Vivian Blaine in the musical State Fair . He teamed with female vocalist Helen Forrest for many hit duets during World War II , including Together , Ill Buy That Dream , and Long Ago and Far Away ; he sang with Judy Garland on two Decca recordings of songs from the film The Shocking Miss Pilgrim , in which he appeared with Betty Grable . From 1944 to 1948 , he had his own radio program , The Dick Haymes Show , first on NBC and later on CBS . He paired repeatedly with the Andrews Sisters ( Patty , Maxene , and LaVerne ) on a dozen or so Decca collaborations , including the Billboard hit Teresa , Great Day , My Sin , and a 1952 rendering of the dramatic ballad Here in My Heart , backed by the sisters and Nelson Riddles lush strings . His duets with Patty Andrews were also well received , both on Decca vinyl and on radios Club Fifteen with the sisters , which he hosted in 1949 and 1950 . He also joined Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters for 1947 session that produced the Billboard hit Theres No Business Like Show Business , as well as Anything You Can Do ( I Can Do Better ) . His popular renditions of tender ballads such as Little White Lies and Maybe Its Because were recorded with celebrated arranger Gordon Jenkins and his orchestra and chorus . World War II . Haymess birth in Argentina to non-U.S . citizens meant he was not an American citizen . In order to avoid military service during World War II , Haymes asserted his nonbelligerent status as a citizen of Argentina , which remained neutral until almost the end of the war . Hollywood-based columnists Louella Parsons and Hedda Hopper questioned Haymes patriotism , but the story had little effect on his career . About that time , he was classified 4-F by the draft board because of hypertension . As part of his draft examination , he was confined for a short period to a hospital on Ellis Island , which confirmed his hypertension . In 1953 , Haymes went to Hawaii ( then a territory and , technically , not part of the United States ) without first notifying immigration authorities . On returning to the mainland United States , he was nearly deported to Argentina , but won his battle to remain in the United States . Later years . Haymes experienced serious financial problems later in life , by the early 1960s declaring bankruptcy with $500,000 in debts . He appeared as unscrupulous doctor Elroy Gantman in a 1974 episode of the TV show Adam-12 . Through his mothers nationality , Haymes spent his last years as an Irish citizen . Marriages . Haymes was married six times , including to film actresses Joanne Dru ( 1941–1949 ) , Rita Hayworth ( 1953–1955 ) , and Fran Jeffries ( 1958–1964 ) . He was also married to Nora Eddington ( 1949–1953 ) , a former wife of Errol Flynn . Haymes had a total of six children—three with Joanne Dru , one with Fran Jeffries , and two with his sixth and final wife , British model Wendy Smith . Death . On March 28 , 1980 , Haymes died from lung cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles . He was 61 years old . Discography . 78rpm albums . Dick Haymes Sings – Carmen Cavallaro at the Piano – Irving Berlin Songs ( 1948 Decca Record ) Original LPs . - Rain or Shine ( 1955 ) - Moondreams ( 1957 ) - Look at Me Now ! ( 1957 ) - Richard the Lion-Hearted - Dick Haymes that is ! ( 1960 ) LP compilations . - Dick Haymes ( 1950s ) - Little White Lies ( 1958 ) - Dick Haymes - Maury Laws Orchestra / Featuring Cy Coleman ( 1960s ) - Love Letters ( 1960s ) - Spotlight On – Dick Haymes Sings Romantic Ballads - Featuring Johnny Kay ( 1960s ) - Easy ( 1973 ) - Imagination ( 1982 ) ( also available on CD ) Live LP albums . - Dick Haymes Comes Home ! ( 1973 ) Selected CD compilations . - ( 2016 ) Dick Haymes Youll Never Know His 53 Finest 2 CDset ( Retrospective ) - ( 1990 ) Richard the Lion-Hearted – Dick Haymes that is ! ( 1990 ) re-issue of the vinyl album - Imagination ( 1992 ) - The Very Best of Dick Haymes , Vol . 1 ( 1997 ) - The Very Best of Dick Haymes , Vol . 2 ( 1997 ) - The Complete Columbia Recordings – with Harry James and Benny Goodman ( 1998 ) - Little White Lies : 25 Original Mono Recordings 1942-1050 . Living Era . ASV Mono . CD AJA 5387 ( 2001 ) - Christmas Wishes ( 2002 , radio transcriptions ) - Golden Years of Dick Haymes ( 2003 ) - The Complete Capitol Collection ( 2006 ) Filmography . - Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) – Able-Bodied Seaman ( uncredited ) - Dramatic School ( 1938 ) – Student ( uncredited ) - Du Barry Was a Lady ( 1943 ) – Singer ( uncredited ) - Girl Crazy ( 1943 ) – Member , The Pied Pipers ( uncredited ) - Four Jills in a Jeep ( 1944 ) – Lt . Dick Ryan - Irish Eyes Are Smiling ( 1944 ) – Ernest R . Ball - I Am an American ( 1944 ) – Himself ( uncredited ) - Diamond Horseshoe ( 1945 ) – Joe Davis Jr . - State Fair ( 1945 ) – Wayne Frake - Fallen Angel ( 1945 ) – Himself – JukeBox Vocalist ( voice , uncredited ) - Do You Love Me ( 1946 ) – Jimmy Hale - The Shocking Miss Pilgrim ( 1947 ) – John Pritchard - Carnival in Costa Rica ( 1947 ) – Jeff Stephens - Up in Central Park ( 1948 ) – John Matthews - One Touch of Venus ( 1948 ) – Joe Grant - Words and Music ( 1948 ) – Himself - St . Benny the Dip ( 1951 ) – Benny - Hollywood Fun Festival ( 1952 ) – Master of Ceremonies - All Ashore ( 1953 ) – Joe Carter - Lets Do It Again ( 1953 ) – Singer – I Could Never Love Anyone But You ( voice , uncredited ) - Cruisin Down the River ( 1953 ) – Beauregard Clemment / Beau Clemment III - Adam-12 ( 1974 ) ( TV ) – Dr . Elroy Gantman - Hec Ramsey - S2E04 - Scar Tissue ( 1974 ) ( TV ) ~ Hamilton Hobbs - Betrayal ( 1974 ) ( TV ) – Harold Porter - Won Ton Ton , the Dog Who Saved Hollywood ( 1976 ) – James Crawford - The Eddie Capra Mysteries ( 1978 ) ( TV – episode Murder on the Flip Side ) – Jason Lamb Musical theatre . - Miss Liberty ( 1951 , Dallas Theatre ) The Big Broadcast of 1944 , - A Lee Gruber , Shelly Gross off Broadway production , fall of 1979 - Devon , PA , Detroit , MI , and Westbury , NY

easy

Who was Dick Haymes 's spouse from 1953 to 1955?

/wiki/Dick_Haymes#P26#2

Dick Haymes Richard Benjamin Haymes ( September 13 , 1918 – March 28 , 1980 ) was an Argentinian-American actor and singer . He was one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1940s and early 1950s . He was the older brother of Bob Haymes who was an actor , television host , and songwriter . Background . Haymes was born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , in 1918 . His mother , whom Haymes predeceased , was Irish-born Marguerite Haymes ( 1894–1987 ) , a well-known vocal coach and instructor of English descent . His father worked as a rancher and was of English descent . The Haymeses traveled extensively before settling in the United States when Haymes was an infant . Career . At the age of 17 , Haymes moved to Los Angeles where he initially worked as a stunt man and film double . At the age of 19 , he moved to New York City where he worked as a vocalist in a number of big bands . On September 3 , 1942 , Frank Sinatra introduced Haymes on radio as Sinatras replacement in the Tommy Dorsey band . Prior to joining Dorseys group , Haymes sang with the Harry James orchestra . In 1945 , Haymes co-starred with Jeanne Crain , Dana Andrews and Vivian Blaine in the musical State Fair . He teamed with female vocalist Helen Forrest for many hit duets during World War II , including Together , Ill Buy That Dream , and Long Ago and Far Away ; he sang with Judy Garland on two Decca recordings of songs from the film The Shocking Miss Pilgrim , in which he appeared with Betty Grable . From 1944 to 1948 , he had his own radio program , The Dick Haymes Show , first on NBC and later on CBS . He paired repeatedly with the Andrews Sisters ( Patty , Maxene , and LaVerne ) on a dozen or so Decca collaborations , including the Billboard hit Teresa , Great Day , My Sin , and a 1952 rendering of the dramatic ballad Here in My Heart , backed by the sisters and Nelson Riddles lush strings . His duets with Patty Andrews were also well received , both on Decca vinyl and on radios Club Fifteen with the sisters , which he hosted in 1949 and 1950 . He also joined Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters for 1947 session that produced the Billboard hit Theres No Business Like Show Business , as well as Anything You Can Do ( I Can Do Better ) . His popular renditions of tender ballads such as Little White Lies and Maybe Its Because were recorded with celebrated arranger Gordon Jenkins and his orchestra and chorus . World War II . Haymess birth in Argentina to non-U.S . citizens meant he was not an American citizen . In order to avoid military service during World War II , Haymes asserted his nonbelligerent status as a citizen of Argentina , which remained neutral until almost the end of the war . Hollywood-based columnists Louella Parsons and Hedda Hopper questioned Haymes patriotism , but the story had little effect on his career . About that time , he was classified 4-F by the draft board because of hypertension . As part of his draft examination , he was confined for a short period to a hospital on Ellis Island , which confirmed his hypertension . In 1953 , Haymes went to Hawaii ( then a territory and , technically , not part of the United States ) without first notifying immigration authorities . On returning to the mainland United States , he was nearly deported to Argentina , but won his battle to remain in the United States . Later years . Haymes experienced serious financial problems later in life , by the early 1960s declaring bankruptcy with $500,000 in debts . He appeared as unscrupulous doctor Elroy Gantman in a 1974 episode of the TV show Adam-12 . Through his mothers nationality , Haymes spent his last years as an Irish citizen . Marriages . Haymes was married six times , including to film actresses Joanne Dru ( 1941–1949 ) , Rita Hayworth ( 1953–1955 ) , and Fran Jeffries ( 1958–1964 ) . He was also married to Nora Eddington ( 1949–1953 ) , a former wife of Errol Flynn . Haymes had a total of six children—three with Joanne Dru , one with Fran Jeffries , and two with his sixth and final wife , British model Wendy Smith . Death . On March 28 , 1980 , Haymes died from lung cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles . He was 61 years old . Discography . 78rpm albums . Dick Haymes Sings – Carmen Cavallaro at the Piano – Irving Berlin Songs ( 1948 Decca Record ) Original LPs . - Rain or Shine ( 1955 ) - Moondreams ( 1957 ) - Look at Me Now ! ( 1957 ) - Richard the Lion-Hearted - Dick Haymes that is ! ( 1960 ) LP compilations . - Dick Haymes ( 1950s ) - Little White Lies ( 1958 ) - Dick Haymes - Maury Laws Orchestra / Featuring Cy Coleman ( 1960s ) - Love Letters ( 1960s ) - Spotlight On – Dick Haymes Sings Romantic Ballads - Featuring Johnny Kay ( 1960s ) - Easy ( 1973 ) - Imagination ( 1982 ) ( also available on CD ) Live LP albums . - Dick Haymes Comes Home ! ( 1973 ) Selected CD compilations . - ( 2016 ) Dick Haymes Youll Never Know His 53 Finest 2 CDset ( Retrospective ) - ( 1990 ) Richard the Lion-Hearted – Dick Haymes that is ! ( 1990 ) re-issue of the vinyl album - Imagination ( 1992 ) - The Very Best of Dick Haymes , Vol . 1 ( 1997 ) - The Very Best of Dick Haymes , Vol . 2 ( 1997 ) - The Complete Columbia Recordings – with Harry James and Benny Goodman ( 1998 ) - Little White Lies : 25 Original Mono Recordings 1942-1050 . Living Era . ASV Mono . CD AJA 5387 ( 2001 ) - Christmas Wishes ( 2002 , radio transcriptions ) - Golden Years of Dick Haymes ( 2003 ) - The Complete Capitol Collection ( 2006 ) Filmography . - Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) – Able-Bodied Seaman ( uncredited ) - Dramatic School ( 1938 ) – Student ( uncredited ) - Du Barry Was a Lady ( 1943 ) – Singer ( uncredited ) - Girl Crazy ( 1943 ) – Member , The Pied Pipers ( uncredited ) - Four Jills in a Jeep ( 1944 ) – Lt . Dick Ryan - Irish Eyes Are Smiling ( 1944 ) – Ernest R . Ball - I Am an American ( 1944 ) – Himself ( uncredited ) - Diamond Horseshoe ( 1945 ) – Joe Davis Jr . - State Fair ( 1945 ) – Wayne Frake - Fallen Angel ( 1945 ) – Himself – JukeBox Vocalist ( voice , uncredited ) - Do You Love Me ( 1946 ) – Jimmy Hale - The Shocking Miss Pilgrim ( 1947 ) – John Pritchard - Carnival in Costa Rica ( 1947 ) – Jeff Stephens - Up in Central Park ( 1948 ) – John Matthews - One Touch of Venus ( 1948 ) – Joe Grant - Words and Music ( 1948 ) – Himself - St . Benny the Dip ( 1951 ) – Benny - Hollywood Fun Festival ( 1952 ) – Master of Ceremonies - All Ashore ( 1953 ) – Joe Carter - Lets Do It Again ( 1953 ) – Singer – I Could Never Love Anyone But You ( voice , uncredited ) - Cruisin Down the River ( 1953 ) – Beauregard Clemment / Beau Clemment III - Adam-12 ( 1974 ) ( TV ) – Dr . Elroy Gantman - Hec Ramsey - S2E04 - Scar Tissue ( 1974 ) ( TV ) ~ Hamilton Hobbs - Betrayal ( 1974 ) ( TV ) – Harold Porter - Won Ton Ton , the Dog Who Saved Hollywood ( 1976 ) – James Crawford - The Eddie Capra Mysteries ( 1978 ) ( TV – episode Murder on the Flip Side ) – Jason Lamb Musical theatre . - Miss Liberty ( 1951 , Dallas Theatre ) The Big Broadcast of 1944 , - A Lee Gruber , Shelly Gross off Broadway production , fall of 1979 - Devon , PA , Detroit , MI , and Westbury , NY

easy

Who was the spouse of Dick Haymes from 1958 to 1965?

/wiki/Dick_Haymes#P26#3

Dick Haymes Richard Benjamin Haymes ( September 13 , 1918 – March 28 , 1980 ) was an Argentinian-American actor and singer . He was one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1940s and early 1950s . He was the older brother of Bob Haymes who was an actor , television host , and songwriter . Background . Haymes was born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , in 1918 . His mother , whom Haymes predeceased , was Irish-born Marguerite Haymes ( 1894–1987 ) , a well-known vocal coach and instructor of English descent . His father worked as a rancher and was of English descent . The Haymeses traveled extensively before settling in the United States when Haymes was an infant . Career . At the age of 17 , Haymes moved to Los Angeles where he initially worked as a stunt man and film double . At the age of 19 , he moved to New York City where he worked as a vocalist in a number of big bands . On September 3 , 1942 , Frank Sinatra introduced Haymes on radio as Sinatras replacement in the Tommy Dorsey band . Prior to joining Dorseys group , Haymes sang with the Harry James orchestra . In 1945 , Haymes co-starred with Jeanne Crain , Dana Andrews and Vivian Blaine in the musical State Fair . He teamed with female vocalist Helen Forrest for many hit duets during World War II , including Together , Ill Buy That Dream , and Long Ago and Far Away ; he sang with Judy Garland on two Decca recordings of songs from the film The Shocking Miss Pilgrim , in which he appeared with Betty Grable . From 1944 to 1948 , he had his own radio program , The Dick Haymes Show , first on NBC and later on CBS . He paired repeatedly with the Andrews Sisters ( Patty , Maxene , and LaVerne ) on a dozen or so Decca collaborations , including the Billboard hit Teresa , Great Day , My Sin , and a 1952 rendering of the dramatic ballad Here in My Heart , backed by the sisters and Nelson Riddles lush strings . His duets with Patty Andrews were also well received , both on Decca vinyl and on radios Club Fifteen with the sisters , which he hosted in 1949 and 1950 . He also joined Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters for 1947 session that produced the Billboard hit Theres No Business Like Show Business , as well as Anything You Can Do ( I Can Do Better ) . His popular renditions of tender ballads such as Little White Lies and Maybe Its Because were recorded with celebrated arranger Gordon Jenkins and his orchestra and chorus . World War II . Haymess birth in Argentina to non-U.S . citizens meant he was not an American citizen . In order to avoid military service during World War II , Haymes asserted his nonbelligerent status as a citizen of Argentina , which remained neutral until almost the end of the war . Hollywood-based columnists Louella Parsons and Hedda Hopper questioned Haymes patriotism , but the story had little effect on his career . About that time , he was classified 4-F by the draft board because of hypertension . As part of his draft examination , he was confined for a short period to a hospital on Ellis Island , which confirmed his hypertension . In 1953 , Haymes went to Hawaii ( then a territory and , technically , not part of the United States ) without first notifying immigration authorities . On returning to the mainland United States , he was nearly deported to Argentina , but won his battle to remain in the United States . Later years . Haymes experienced serious financial problems later in life , by the early 1960s declaring bankruptcy with $500,000 in debts . He appeared as unscrupulous doctor Elroy Gantman in a 1974 episode of the TV show Adam-12 . Through his mothers nationality , Haymes spent his last years as an Irish citizen . Marriages . Haymes was married six times , including to film actresses Joanne Dru ( 1941–1949 ) , Rita Hayworth ( 1953–1955 ) , and Fran Jeffries ( 1958–1964 ) . He was also married to Nora Eddington ( 1949–1953 ) , a former wife of Errol Flynn . Haymes had a total of six children—three with Joanne Dru , one with Fran Jeffries , and two with his sixth and final wife , British model Wendy Smith . Death . On March 28 , 1980 , Haymes died from lung cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles . He was 61 years old . Discography . 78rpm albums . Dick Haymes Sings – Carmen Cavallaro at the Piano – Irving Berlin Songs ( 1948 Decca Record ) Original LPs . - Rain or Shine ( 1955 ) - Moondreams ( 1957 ) - Look at Me Now ! ( 1957 ) - Richard the Lion-Hearted - Dick Haymes that is ! ( 1960 ) LP compilations . - Dick Haymes ( 1950s ) - Little White Lies ( 1958 ) - Dick Haymes - Maury Laws Orchestra / Featuring Cy Coleman ( 1960s ) - Love Letters ( 1960s ) - Spotlight On – Dick Haymes Sings Romantic Ballads - Featuring Johnny Kay ( 1960s ) - Easy ( 1973 ) - Imagination ( 1982 ) ( also available on CD ) Live LP albums . - Dick Haymes Comes Home ! ( 1973 ) Selected CD compilations . - ( 2016 ) Dick Haymes Youll Never Know His 53 Finest 2 CDset ( Retrospective ) - ( 1990 ) Richard the Lion-Hearted – Dick Haymes that is ! ( 1990 ) re-issue of the vinyl album - Imagination ( 1992 ) - The Very Best of Dick Haymes , Vol . 1 ( 1997 ) - The Very Best of Dick Haymes , Vol . 2 ( 1997 ) - The Complete Columbia Recordings – with Harry James and Benny Goodman ( 1998 ) - Little White Lies : 25 Original Mono Recordings 1942-1050 . Living Era . ASV Mono . CD AJA 5387 ( 2001 ) - Christmas Wishes ( 2002 , radio transcriptions ) - Golden Years of Dick Haymes ( 2003 ) - The Complete Capitol Collection ( 2006 ) Filmography . - Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) – Able-Bodied Seaman ( uncredited ) - Dramatic School ( 1938 ) – Student ( uncredited ) - Du Barry Was a Lady ( 1943 ) – Singer ( uncredited ) - Girl Crazy ( 1943 ) – Member , The Pied Pipers ( uncredited ) - Four Jills in a Jeep ( 1944 ) – Lt . Dick Ryan - Irish Eyes Are Smiling ( 1944 ) – Ernest R . Ball - I Am an American ( 1944 ) – Himself ( uncredited ) - Diamond Horseshoe ( 1945 ) – Joe Davis Jr . - State Fair ( 1945 ) – Wayne Frake - Fallen Angel ( 1945 ) – Himself – JukeBox Vocalist ( voice , uncredited ) - Do You Love Me ( 1946 ) – Jimmy Hale - The Shocking Miss Pilgrim ( 1947 ) – John Pritchard - Carnival in Costa Rica ( 1947 ) – Jeff Stephens - Up in Central Park ( 1948 ) – John Matthews - One Touch of Venus ( 1948 ) – Joe Grant - Words and Music ( 1948 ) – Himself - St . Benny the Dip ( 1951 ) – Benny - Hollywood Fun Festival ( 1952 ) – Master of Ceremonies - All Ashore ( 1953 ) – Joe Carter - Lets Do It Again ( 1953 ) – Singer – I Could Never Love Anyone But You ( voice , uncredited ) - Cruisin Down the River ( 1953 ) – Beauregard Clemment / Beau Clemment III - Adam-12 ( 1974 ) ( TV ) – Dr . Elroy Gantman - Hec Ramsey - S2E04 - Scar Tissue ( 1974 ) ( TV ) ~ Hamilton Hobbs - Betrayal ( 1974 ) ( TV ) – Harold Porter - Won Ton Ton , the Dog Who Saved Hollywood ( 1976 ) – James Crawford - The Eddie Capra Mysteries ( 1978 ) ( TV – episode Murder on the Flip Side ) – Jason Lamb Musical theatre . - Miss Liberty ( 1951 , Dallas Theatre ) The Big Broadcast of 1944 , - A Lee Gruber , Shelly Gross off Broadway production , fall of 1979 - Devon , PA , Detroit , MI , and Westbury , NY

easy

Leonid Slutsky (football coach) was the coach of which team from 2003 to 2004?

/wiki/Leonid_Slutsky_(football_coach)#P6087#0

Leonid Slutsky ( football coach ) Leonid Viktorovich Slutsky ( ; born 4 May 1971 ) is the current head coach of Rubin Kazan and a former professional football player . He has managed Olimpia Volgograd , Uralan Elista , Moscow , Krylia Sovetov , CSKA Moscow , Russia , Hull City , and Vitesse . Playing career . Slutsky’s professional playing career ended aged 19 , after he injured his knee falling from a tree . Coaching career . Early career . Slutsky became head coach of FC Moscow on 14 July 2005 until the end of the 2007 season . His final match as head coach of Moscow was a 3–1 win against Luch-Energiya Vladivostok on 11 November 2007.<ref Moskva » Fixtures & Results 2007/2008></ref> Slutsky became head coach of Krylia Sovetov on 1 January 2008 . CSKA Moscow . On 26 October 2009 he replaced Juande Ramos to become the head coach of CSKA Moscow . In December 2009 , under Slutsky , CSKA reached the knock-out stage of the Champions League for the first time in the clubs history , before being knocked out by José Mourinhos Inter Milan , the eventual champions , in the quarter-finals . Two years later , the achievement was repeated , when CSKA defeated Inter Milan at the San Siro in the last game of the group stage . Towards the 2012–13 season , Slutsky strengthened the team defense and re-organized the attack , which helped the team set a record of 15 games without being scored against , and to win all the games where the team scored first , resulting in a title . On 7 August 2015 , it was announced that Slutsky would take over the Russian national football team in place of the outgoing Fabio Capello . The contract was until the end of UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Slutsky won all of his qualifying games and got Russia into UEFA Euro 2016 . On 14 November 2015 , Russia beat Portugal 1–0 in a friendly game and Slutsky repeated Pavel Sadyrins achievement of winning his five first games as the head coach of Russia . On 21 May 2016 , CSKA beat Rubin Kazan 1–0 to secure the title ahead of surprise challengers Rostov . This gave Slutsky his third title in four years with the Moscow club . On 20 June 2016 , Slutsky decided to resign from being the coach of the Russian team after a 0–3 loss to Wales , which meant Russia finished bottom of their Euro 2016 group . He resigned on 25 June . On 6 December 2016 , Slutsky announced his resignation as CSKA manager . His last game was a Champions League group stage match against Tottenham Hotspur the following day . Later career . On 9 June 2017 , Slutsky was appointed manager of EFL Championship club Hull City . On 3 December 2017 , he left the club by mutual consent after a run of bad results . On 12 March 2018 , it was announced that he would replace Henk Fraser as the new manager of Eredivisie side Vitesse Arnhem , for the start of the 2018–19 season . Under his tenure , Vitesse entered the draw for the third qualifying round of the Europa League , being drawn against seeded FC Basel . The two legs were played at home on 9 August and away on 16 August 2018 . Vitesse lost 2–0 on aggregate , resulting in their elimination from the Europa League . At the domestic level , Vitesse finished fifth in the Eredivisie that season . After five lost games in a row , he decided to quit with his job as manager from Vitesse Arnhem at the end of November 2019 . On 19 December 2019 , he signed a 5-year contract with Russian Premier League club FC Rubin Kazan . In his second season with Rubin , he led the club to 4th place in the 2020–21 Russian Premier League , securing UEFA competition qualification for the first time since the 2015–16 season . TV commenting career . Slutsky has commented on football games many times on Russian TV . His commentating career was disrupted after he repeated the word Navalny following his co-commentators using the term навальный футбол ( navalny futbol ) ; the term навальный ( navalny ) is a term best translated as overwhelming or storming , but is also the surname of opposition politician Alexei Navalny . The incident led to his sacking from the TV pundit role at the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Honours . - CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League ( 3 ) : 2012–13 , 2013–14 , 2015–16 - Russian Cup ( 2 ) : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup ( 2 ) : 2013 , 2014

easy

Leonid Slutsky (football coach) was the coach of which team from 2005 to 2007?

/wiki/Leonid_Slutsky_(football_coach)#P6087#1

Leonid Slutsky ( football coach ) Leonid Viktorovich Slutsky ( ; born 4 May 1971 ) is the current head coach of Rubin Kazan and a former professional football player . He has managed Olimpia Volgograd , Uralan Elista , Moscow , Krylia Sovetov , CSKA Moscow , Russia , Hull City , and Vitesse . Playing career . Slutsky’s professional playing career ended aged 19 , after he injured his knee falling from a tree . Coaching career . Early career . Slutsky became head coach of FC Moscow on 14 July 2005 until the end of the 2007 season . His final match as head coach of Moscow was a 3–1 win against Luch-Energiya Vladivostok on 11 November 2007.<ref Moskva » Fixtures & Results 2007/2008></ref> Slutsky became head coach of Krylia Sovetov on 1 January 2008 . CSKA Moscow . On 26 October 2009 he replaced Juande Ramos to become the head coach of CSKA Moscow . In December 2009 , under Slutsky , CSKA reached the knock-out stage of the Champions League for the first time in the clubs history , before being knocked out by José Mourinhos Inter Milan , the eventual champions , in the quarter-finals . Two years later , the achievement was repeated , when CSKA defeated Inter Milan at the San Siro in the last game of the group stage . Towards the 2012–13 season , Slutsky strengthened the team defense and re-organized the attack , which helped the team set a record of 15 games without being scored against , and to win all the games where the team scored first , resulting in a title . On 7 August 2015 , it was announced that Slutsky would take over the Russian national football team in place of the outgoing Fabio Capello . The contract was until the end of UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Slutsky won all of his qualifying games and got Russia into UEFA Euro 2016 . On 14 November 2015 , Russia beat Portugal 1–0 in a friendly game and Slutsky repeated Pavel Sadyrins achievement of winning his five first games as the head coach of Russia . On 21 May 2016 , CSKA beat Rubin Kazan 1–0 to secure the title ahead of surprise challengers Rostov . This gave Slutsky his third title in four years with the Moscow club . On 20 June 2016 , Slutsky decided to resign from being the coach of the Russian team after a 0–3 loss to Wales , which meant Russia finished bottom of their Euro 2016 group . He resigned on 25 June . On 6 December 2016 , Slutsky announced his resignation as CSKA manager . His last game was a Champions League group stage match against Tottenham Hotspur the following day . Later career . On 9 June 2017 , Slutsky was appointed manager of EFL Championship club Hull City . On 3 December 2017 , he left the club by mutual consent after a run of bad results . On 12 March 2018 , it was announced that he would replace Henk Fraser as the new manager of Eredivisie side Vitesse Arnhem , for the start of the 2018–19 season . Under his tenure , Vitesse entered the draw for the third qualifying round of the Europa League , being drawn against seeded FC Basel . The two legs were played at home on 9 August and away on 16 August 2018 . Vitesse lost 2–0 on aggregate , resulting in their elimination from the Europa League . At the domestic level , Vitesse finished fifth in the Eredivisie that season . After five lost games in a row , he decided to quit with his job as manager from Vitesse Arnhem at the end of November 2019 . On 19 December 2019 , he signed a 5-year contract with Russian Premier League club FC Rubin Kazan . In his second season with Rubin , he led the club to 4th place in the 2020–21 Russian Premier League , securing UEFA competition qualification for the first time since the 2015–16 season . TV commenting career . Slutsky has commented on football games many times on Russian TV . His commentating career was disrupted after he repeated the word Navalny following his co-commentators using the term навальный футбол ( navalny futbol ) ; the term навальный ( navalny ) is a term best translated as overwhelming or storming , but is also the surname of opposition politician Alexei Navalny . The incident led to his sacking from the TV pundit role at the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Honours . - CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League ( 3 ) : 2012–13 , 2013–14 , 2015–16 - Russian Cup ( 2 ) : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup ( 2 ) : 2013 , 2014

easy

Which team was coached by Leonid Slutsky (football coach) from 2008 to 2009?

/wiki/Leonid_Slutsky_(football_coach)#P6087#2

Leonid Slutsky ( football coach ) Leonid Viktorovich Slutsky ( ; born 4 May 1971 ) is the current head coach of Rubin Kazan and a former professional football player . He has managed Olimpia Volgograd , Uralan Elista , Moscow , Krylia Sovetov , CSKA Moscow , Russia , Hull City , and Vitesse . Playing career . Slutsky’s professional playing career ended aged 19 , after he injured his knee falling from a tree . Coaching career . Early career . Slutsky became head coach of FC Moscow on 14 July 2005 until the end of the 2007 season . His final match as head coach of Moscow was a 3–1 win against Luch-Energiya Vladivostok on 11 November 2007.<ref Moskva » Fixtures & Results 2007/2008></ref> Slutsky became head coach of Krylia Sovetov on 1 January 2008 . CSKA Moscow . On 26 October 2009 he replaced Juande Ramos to become the head coach of CSKA Moscow . In December 2009 , under Slutsky , CSKA reached the knock-out stage of the Champions League for the first time in the clubs history , before being knocked out by José Mourinhos Inter Milan , the eventual champions , in the quarter-finals . Two years later , the achievement was repeated , when CSKA defeated Inter Milan at the San Siro in the last game of the group stage . Towards the 2012–13 season , Slutsky strengthened the team defense and re-organized the attack , which helped the team set a record of 15 games without being scored against , and to win all the games where the team scored first , resulting in a title . On 7 August 2015 , it was announced that Slutsky would take over the Russian national football team in place of the outgoing Fabio Capello . The contract was until the end of UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Slutsky won all of his qualifying games and got Russia into UEFA Euro 2016 . On 14 November 2015 , Russia beat Portugal 1–0 in a friendly game and Slutsky repeated Pavel Sadyrins achievement of winning his five first games as the head coach of Russia . On 21 May 2016 , CSKA beat Rubin Kazan 1–0 to secure the title ahead of surprise challengers Rostov . This gave Slutsky his third title in four years with the Moscow club . On 20 June 2016 , Slutsky decided to resign from being the coach of the Russian team after a 0–3 loss to Wales , which meant Russia finished bottom of their Euro 2016 group . He resigned on 25 June . On 6 December 2016 , Slutsky announced his resignation as CSKA manager . His last game was a Champions League group stage match against Tottenham Hotspur the following day . Later career . On 9 June 2017 , Slutsky was appointed manager of EFL Championship club Hull City . On 3 December 2017 , he left the club by mutual consent after a run of bad results . On 12 March 2018 , it was announced that he would replace Henk Fraser as the new manager of Eredivisie side Vitesse Arnhem , for the start of the 2018–19 season . Under his tenure , Vitesse entered the draw for the third qualifying round of the Europa League , being drawn against seeded FC Basel . The two legs were played at home on 9 August and away on 16 August 2018 . Vitesse lost 2–0 on aggregate , resulting in their elimination from the Europa League . At the domestic level , Vitesse finished fifth in the Eredivisie that season . After five lost games in a row , he decided to quit with his job as manager from Vitesse Arnhem at the end of November 2019 . On 19 December 2019 , he signed a 5-year contract with Russian Premier League club FC Rubin Kazan . In his second season with Rubin , he led the club to 4th place in the 2020–21 Russian Premier League , securing UEFA competition qualification for the first time since the 2015–16 season . TV commenting career . Slutsky has commented on football games many times on Russian TV . His commentating career was disrupted after he repeated the word Navalny following his co-commentators using the term навальный футбол ( navalny futbol ) ; the term навальный ( navalny ) is a term best translated as overwhelming or storming , but is also the surname of opposition politician Alexei Navalny . The incident led to his sacking from the TV pundit role at the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Honours . - CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League ( 3 ) : 2012–13 , 2013–14 , 2015–16 - Russian Cup ( 2 ) : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup ( 2 ) : 2013 , 2014

easy

Which team was coached by Leonid Slutsky (football coach) from 2009 to 2015?

/wiki/Leonid_Slutsky_(football_coach)#P6087#3

Leonid Slutsky ( football coach ) Leonid Viktorovich Slutsky ( ; born 4 May 1971 ) is the current head coach of Rubin Kazan and a former professional football player . He has managed Olimpia Volgograd , Uralan Elista , Moscow , Krylia Sovetov , CSKA Moscow , Russia , Hull City , and Vitesse . Playing career . Slutsky’s professional playing career ended aged 19 , after he injured his knee falling from a tree . Coaching career . Early career . Slutsky became head coach of FC Moscow on 14 July 2005 until the end of the 2007 season . His final match as head coach of Moscow was a 3–1 win against Luch-Energiya Vladivostok on 11 November 2007.<ref Moskva » Fixtures & Results 2007/2008></ref> Slutsky became head coach of Krylia Sovetov on 1 January 2008 . CSKA Moscow . On 26 October 2009 he replaced Juande Ramos to become the head coach of CSKA Moscow . In December 2009 , under Slutsky , CSKA reached the knock-out stage of the Champions League for the first time in the clubs history , before being knocked out by José Mourinhos Inter Milan , the eventual champions , in the quarter-finals . Two years later , the achievement was repeated , when CSKA defeated Inter Milan at the San Siro in the last game of the group stage . Towards the 2012–13 season , Slutsky strengthened the team defense and re-organized the attack , which helped the team set a record of 15 games without being scored against , and to win all the games where the team scored first , resulting in a title . On 7 August 2015 , it was announced that Slutsky would take over the Russian national football team in place of the outgoing Fabio Capello . The contract was until the end of UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Slutsky won all of his qualifying games and got Russia into UEFA Euro 2016 . On 14 November 2015 , Russia beat Portugal 1–0 in a friendly game and Slutsky repeated Pavel Sadyrins achievement of winning his five first games as the head coach of Russia . On 21 May 2016 , CSKA beat Rubin Kazan 1–0 to secure the title ahead of surprise challengers Rostov . This gave Slutsky his third title in four years with the Moscow club . On 20 June 2016 , Slutsky decided to resign from being the coach of the Russian team after a 0–3 loss to Wales , which meant Russia finished bottom of their Euro 2016 group . He resigned on 25 June . On 6 December 2016 , Slutsky announced his resignation as CSKA manager . His last game was a Champions League group stage match against Tottenham Hotspur the following day . Later career . On 9 June 2017 , Slutsky was appointed manager of EFL Championship club Hull City . On 3 December 2017 , he left the club by mutual consent after a run of bad results . On 12 March 2018 , it was announced that he would replace Henk Fraser as the new manager of Eredivisie side Vitesse Arnhem , for the start of the 2018–19 season . Under his tenure , Vitesse entered the draw for the third qualifying round of the Europa League , being drawn against seeded FC Basel . The two legs were played at home on 9 August and away on 16 August 2018 . Vitesse lost 2–0 on aggregate , resulting in their elimination from the Europa League . At the domestic level , Vitesse finished fifth in the Eredivisie that season . After five lost games in a row , he decided to quit with his job as manager from Vitesse Arnhem at the end of November 2019 . On 19 December 2019 , he signed a 5-year contract with Russian Premier League club FC Rubin Kazan . In his second season with Rubin , he led the club to 4th place in the 2020–21 Russian Premier League , securing UEFA competition qualification for the first time since the 2015–16 season . TV commenting career . Slutsky has commented on football games many times on Russian TV . His commentating career was disrupted after he repeated the word Navalny following his co-commentators using the term навальный футбол ( navalny futbol ) ; the term навальный ( navalny ) is a term best translated as overwhelming or storming , but is also the surname of opposition politician Alexei Navalny . The incident led to his sacking from the TV pundit role at the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Honours . - CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League ( 3 ) : 2012–13 , 2013–14 , 2015–16 - Russian Cup ( 2 ) : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup ( 2 ) : 2013 , 2014

easy

Leonid Slutsky (football coach) was the coach of which team from 2015 to 2016?

/wiki/Leonid_Slutsky_(football_coach)#P6087#4

Leonid Slutsky ( football coach ) Leonid Viktorovich Slutsky ( ; born 4 May 1971 ) is the current head coach of Rubin Kazan and a former professional football player . He has managed Olimpia Volgograd , Uralan Elista , Moscow , Krylia Sovetov , CSKA Moscow , Russia , Hull City , and Vitesse . Playing career . Slutsky’s professional playing career ended aged 19 , after he injured his knee falling from a tree . Coaching career . Early career . Slutsky became head coach of FC Moscow on 14 July 2005 until the end of the 2007 season . His final match as head coach of Moscow was a 3–1 win against Luch-Energiya Vladivostok on 11 November 2007.<ref Moskva » Fixtures & Results 2007/2008></ref> Slutsky became head coach of Krylia Sovetov on 1 January 2008 . CSKA Moscow . On 26 October 2009 he replaced Juande Ramos to become the head coach of CSKA Moscow . In December 2009 , under Slutsky , CSKA reached the knock-out stage of the Champions League for the first time in the clubs history , before being knocked out by José Mourinhos Inter Milan , the eventual champions , in the quarter-finals . Two years later , the achievement was repeated , when CSKA defeated Inter Milan at the San Siro in the last game of the group stage . Towards the 2012–13 season , Slutsky strengthened the team defense and re-organized the attack , which helped the team set a record of 15 games without being scored against , and to win all the games where the team scored first , resulting in a title . On 7 August 2015 , it was announced that Slutsky would take over the Russian national football team in place of the outgoing Fabio Capello . The contract was until the end of UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Slutsky won all of his qualifying games and got Russia into UEFA Euro 2016 . On 14 November 2015 , Russia beat Portugal 1–0 in a friendly game and Slutsky repeated Pavel Sadyrins achievement of winning his five first games as the head coach of Russia . On 21 May 2016 , CSKA beat Rubin Kazan 1–0 to secure the title ahead of surprise challengers Rostov . This gave Slutsky his third title in four years with the Moscow club . On 20 June 2016 , Slutsky decided to resign from being the coach of the Russian team after a 0–3 loss to Wales , which meant Russia finished bottom of their Euro 2016 group . He resigned on 25 June . On 6 December 2016 , Slutsky announced his resignation as CSKA manager . His last game was a Champions League group stage match against Tottenham Hotspur the following day . Later career . On 9 June 2017 , Slutsky was appointed manager of EFL Championship club Hull City . On 3 December 2017 , he left the club by mutual consent after a run of bad results . On 12 March 2018 , it was announced that he would replace Henk Fraser as the new manager of Eredivisie side Vitesse Arnhem , for the start of the 2018–19 season . Under his tenure , Vitesse entered the draw for the third qualifying round of the Europa League , being drawn against seeded FC Basel . The two legs were played at home on 9 August and away on 16 August 2018 . Vitesse lost 2–0 on aggregate , resulting in their elimination from the Europa League . At the domestic level , Vitesse finished fifth in the Eredivisie that season . After five lost games in a row , he decided to quit with his job as manager from Vitesse Arnhem at the end of November 2019 . On 19 December 2019 , he signed a 5-year contract with Russian Premier League club FC Rubin Kazan . In his second season with Rubin , he led the club to 4th place in the 2020–21 Russian Premier League , securing UEFA competition qualification for the first time since the 2015–16 season . TV commenting career . Slutsky has commented on football games many times on Russian TV . His commentating career was disrupted after he repeated the word Navalny following his co-commentators using the term навальный футбол ( navalny futbol ) ; the term навальный ( navalny ) is a term best translated as overwhelming or storming , but is also the surname of opposition politician Alexei Navalny . The incident led to his sacking from the TV pundit role at the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Honours . - CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League ( 3 ) : 2012–13 , 2013–14 , 2015–16 - Russian Cup ( 2 ) : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup ( 2 ) : 2013 , 2014

easy

Leonid Slutsky (football coach) was the coach of which team from 2018 to 2019?

/wiki/Leonid_Slutsky_(football_coach)#P6087#5

Leonid Slutsky ( football coach ) Leonid Viktorovich Slutsky ( ; born 4 May 1971 ) is the current head coach of Rubin Kazan and a former professional football player . He has managed Olimpia Volgograd , Uralan Elista , Moscow , Krylia Sovetov , CSKA Moscow , Russia , Hull City , and Vitesse . Playing career . Slutsky’s professional playing career ended aged 19 , after he injured his knee falling from a tree . Coaching career . Early career . Slutsky became head coach of FC Moscow on 14 July 2005 until the end of the 2007 season . His final match as head coach of Moscow was a 3–1 win against Luch-Energiya Vladivostok on 11 November 2007.<ref Moskva » Fixtures & Results 2007/2008></ref> Slutsky became head coach of Krylia Sovetov on 1 January 2008 . CSKA Moscow . On 26 October 2009 he replaced Juande Ramos to become the head coach of CSKA Moscow . In December 2009 , under Slutsky , CSKA reached the knock-out stage of the Champions League for the first time in the clubs history , before being knocked out by José Mourinhos Inter Milan , the eventual champions , in the quarter-finals . Two years later , the achievement was repeated , when CSKA defeated Inter Milan at the San Siro in the last game of the group stage . Towards the 2012–13 season , Slutsky strengthened the team defense and re-organized the attack , which helped the team set a record of 15 games without being scored against , and to win all the games where the team scored first , resulting in a title . On 7 August 2015 , it was announced that Slutsky would take over the Russian national football team in place of the outgoing Fabio Capello . The contract was until the end of UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying . Slutsky won all of his qualifying games and got Russia into UEFA Euro 2016 . On 14 November 2015 , Russia beat Portugal 1–0 in a friendly game and Slutsky repeated Pavel Sadyrins achievement of winning his five first games as the head coach of Russia . On 21 May 2016 , CSKA beat Rubin Kazan 1–0 to secure the title ahead of surprise challengers Rostov . This gave Slutsky his third title in four years with the Moscow club . On 20 June 2016 , Slutsky decided to resign from being the coach of the Russian team after a 0–3 loss to Wales , which meant Russia finished bottom of their Euro 2016 group . He resigned on 25 June . On 6 December 2016 , Slutsky announced his resignation as CSKA manager . His last game was a Champions League group stage match against Tottenham Hotspur the following day . Later career . On 9 June 2017 , Slutsky was appointed manager of EFL Championship club Hull City . On 3 December 2017 , he left the club by mutual consent after a run of bad results . On 12 March 2018 , it was announced that he would replace Henk Fraser as the new manager of Eredivisie side Vitesse Arnhem , for the start of the 2018–19 season . Under his tenure , Vitesse entered the draw for the third qualifying round of the Europa League , being drawn against seeded FC Basel . The two legs were played at home on 9 August and away on 16 August 2018 . Vitesse lost 2–0 on aggregate , resulting in their elimination from the Europa League . At the domestic level , Vitesse finished fifth in the Eredivisie that season . After five lost games in a row , he decided to quit with his job as manager from Vitesse Arnhem at the end of November 2019 . On 19 December 2019 , he signed a 5-year contract with Russian Premier League club FC Rubin Kazan . In his second season with Rubin , he led the club to 4th place in the 2020–21 Russian Premier League , securing UEFA competition qualification for the first time since the 2015–16 season . TV commenting career . Slutsky has commented on football games many times on Russian TV . His commentating career was disrupted after he repeated the word Navalny following his co-commentators using the term навальный футбол ( navalny futbol ) ; the term навальный ( navalny ) is a term best translated as overwhelming or storming , but is also the surname of opposition politician Alexei Navalny . The incident led to his sacking from the TV pundit role at the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Honours . - CSKA Moscow - Russian Premier League ( 3 ) : 2012–13 , 2013–14 , 2015–16 - Russian Cup ( 2 ) : 2010–11 , 2012–13 - Russian Super Cup ( 2 ) : 2013 , 2014

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Daryl Kavanagh played for which team from 2005 to 2007?

/wiki/Daryl_Kavanagh#P54#0

Daryl Kavanagh Daryl Dil Kavanagh ( born 11 August 1986 ) is an Irish footballer who last played for Drogheda United in the League of Ireland Premier Division . His former clubs include Carrick United ( 3 spells ) , Waterford United ( 2 spells ) , Cobh Ramblers , Limerick , St Patricks Athletic ( 2 spells ) , Shamrock Rovers , Cork City and Sligo Rovers . Career . Carrick United . Kavanagh was part of the extremely successful Carrick United team which reached the Munster and FAI Junior Cup final as well as the Munster Senior Cup Finals . Waterford United . He signed for Waterford United from the successful Carrick United junior side . After a bedding-in season he established himself in the Blues first team with a series of skilful displays from midfield . A serious leg injury curtailed his development , but he returned to Premier Division action with Cobh Ramblers in July 2008 . He signed again for Waterford United in July 2010 from Limerick F.C . but his contract with the Waterford United was terminated towards the end of the 2010 season for his off the field activities and addictions . Kavanagh attended a 28-day rehab for drink and drug addictions in 2010 . FIFPro . He was part of the 18-man squad for the FIFPro Winter Tournament 2011 in Oslo , Norway in January 2011 . Kavanagh was named the best player of the tournament . St Patricks Athletic . He signed for St Patricks Athletic in January 2011 after performing well at the FIFPro Winter tournament , taking the number 7 shirt previously worn by David McAllister , who left the Saints in the same month to join Sheffield United . Kavanagh scored his first goal for the Saints in a 2–0 win over Bray Wanderers at the Carlisle Grounds in the Leinster Senior Cup on 14 March 2011 . Kavanagh scored his first league goals for Pats against Drogheda , scoring two fine goals on Friday 29 April 2011 . Kavanagh followed up on his first league goals by scoring against Galway United on the following Monday . Kavanagh scored the winning goal in the 1–0 win over Dublin rivals Bohemians . He scored a week later against University College Dublin A.F.C. . Shamrock Rovers . In January 2012 Kavanagh signed for League of Ireland Champions Shamrock Rovers . Kavanagh won his second Leinster Senior Cup with Rovers and left at the end of the season . Cork City . Kavanagh signed for Cork City on a two-year deal in November 2012 . His contract was terminated by mutual consent on 31 July 2013 , after he had an argument with manager Tommy Dunne . Return to St Patricks Athletic . Kavanagh signed a contract with his old club , league leaders St Patricks Athletic until the end of the season on the League of Ireland Summer Transfer Deadline Day , 31 July 2013 . He made his return on 2 August in a 0-0 draw against Drogheda United at Richmond Park . Kavanaghs first goal since his return came against Bohemians at Richmond Park on 30 August . He scored the vital second goal in a 2–0 win over Dundalk in a huge match in the 2013 League of Ireland title run in . Kavanagh won his first League of Ireland title as Pats beat Sligo Rovers 2–0 on 13 October 2013 to win the league . Sligo Rovers . After making just 1 league start for Pats in the 2014 season , scoring no league goals , Kavanagh left in search of first team football and joined Sligo Rovers on the League of Ireland Transfer Deadline Day , 31 July 2014 . Kavanagh made his debut for Sligo against Athlone Town and made one other appearance against Bray Wanderers , in which he sustained a calf injury that would end his season . This injury resulted in Kavanagh being released by mutual agreement just over a month after signing for Sligo , after the club agreed to his request in order to facilitate his rehab on the injury closer to his home in Tipperary . Personal life . Addiction . Kavanagh has admittied being addicted to drugs , alcohol and gambling . He sought help for these problems and attended rehab for 28 days in 2010 . Prison . Kavanagh spent 6 days in prison on remand for attempted robbery with a fake gun . Rehabilitation . Kavanagh claims to be rehabilitated and said in an Irish Times interview that he had a few problems over the years with drinking and drugs and trouble-wise , he continued to say there were thefts , attempted thefts , attempted robberies and stuff . I had drunk and disorderlies against me as well . Kavanagh has said Its a life I want to leave behind me . Honours . Club . - St Patricks Athletic - League of Ireland ( 1 ) : 2013 - Leinster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2011 - FAI Presidents Cup ( 1 ) : 2014 - Shamrock Rovers - Leinster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2012 Individual . - PFAI Team of the Year ( 1 ) : 2011

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Which team did Daryl Kavanagh play for from 2009 to 2010?

/wiki/Daryl_Kavanagh#P54#1

Daryl Kavanagh Daryl Dil Kavanagh ( born 11 August 1986 ) is an Irish footballer who last played for Drogheda United in the League of Ireland Premier Division . His former clubs include Carrick United ( 3 spells ) , Waterford United ( 2 spells ) , Cobh Ramblers , Limerick , St Patricks Athletic ( 2 spells ) , Shamrock Rovers , Cork City and Sligo Rovers . Career . Carrick United . Kavanagh was part of the extremely successful Carrick United team which reached the Munster and FAI Junior Cup final as well as the Munster Senior Cup Finals . Waterford United . He signed for Waterford United from the successful Carrick United junior side . After a bedding-in season he established himself in the Blues first team with a series of skilful displays from midfield . A serious leg injury curtailed his development , but he returned to Premier Division action with Cobh Ramblers in July 2008 . He signed again for Waterford United in July 2010 from Limerick F.C . but his contract with the Waterford United was terminated towards the end of the 2010 season for his off the field activities and addictions . Kavanagh attended a 28-day rehab for drink and drug addictions in 2010 . FIFPro . He was part of the 18-man squad for the FIFPro Winter Tournament 2011 in Oslo , Norway in January 2011 . Kavanagh was named the best player of the tournament . St Patricks Athletic . He signed for St Patricks Athletic in January 2011 after performing well at the FIFPro Winter tournament , taking the number 7 shirt previously worn by David McAllister , who left the Saints in the same month to join Sheffield United . Kavanagh scored his first goal for the Saints in a 2–0 win over Bray Wanderers at the Carlisle Grounds in the Leinster Senior Cup on 14 March 2011 . Kavanagh scored his first league goals for Pats against Drogheda , scoring two fine goals on Friday 29 April 2011 . Kavanagh followed up on his first league goals by scoring against Galway United on the following Monday . Kavanagh scored the winning goal in the 1–0 win over Dublin rivals Bohemians . He scored a week later against University College Dublin A.F.C. . Shamrock Rovers . In January 2012 Kavanagh signed for League of Ireland Champions Shamrock Rovers . Kavanagh won his second Leinster Senior Cup with Rovers and left at the end of the season . Cork City . Kavanagh signed for Cork City on a two-year deal in November 2012 . His contract was terminated by mutual consent on 31 July 2013 , after he had an argument with manager Tommy Dunne . Return to St Patricks Athletic . Kavanagh signed a contract with his old club , league leaders St Patricks Athletic until the end of the season on the League of Ireland Summer Transfer Deadline Day , 31 July 2013 . He made his return on 2 August in a 0-0 draw against Drogheda United at Richmond Park . Kavanaghs first goal since his return came against Bohemians at Richmond Park on 30 August . He scored the vital second goal in a 2–0 win over Dundalk in a huge match in the 2013 League of Ireland title run in . Kavanagh won his first League of Ireland title as Pats beat Sligo Rovers 2–0 on 13 October 2013 to win the league . Sligo Rovers . After making just 1 league start for Pats in the 2014 season , scoring no league goals , Kavanagh left in search of first team football and joined Sligo Rovers on the League of Ireland Transfer Deadline Day , 31 July 2014 . Kavanagh made his debut for Sligo against Athlone Town and made one other appearance against Bray Wanderers , in which he sustained a calf injury that would end his season . This injury resulted in Kavanagh being released by mutual agreement just over a month after signing for Sligo , after the club agreed to his request in order to facilitate his rehab on the injury closer to his home in Tipperary . Personal life . Addiction . Kavanagh has admittied being addicted to drugs , alcohol and gambling . He sought help for these problems and attended rehab for 28 days in 2010 . Prison . Kavanagh spent 6 days in prison on remand for attempted robbery with a fake gun . Rehabilitation . Kavanagh claims to be rehabilitated and said in an Irish Times interview that he had a few problems over the years with drinking and drugs and trouble-wise , he continued to say there were thefts , attempted thefts , attempted robberies and stuff . I had drunk and disorderlies against me as well . Kavanagh has said Its a life I want to leave behind me . Honours . Club . - St Patricks Athletic - League of Ireland ( 1 ) : 2013 - Leinster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2011 - FAI Presidents Cup ( 1 ) : 2014 - Shamrock Rovers - Leinster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2012 Individual . - PFAI Team of the Year ( 1 ) : 2011

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Which team did Daryl Kavanagh play for from 2013 to 2014?

/wiki/Daryl_Kavanagh#P54#2

Daryl Kavanagh Daryl Dil Kavanagh ( born 11 August 1986 ) is an Irish footballer who last played for Drogheda United in the League of Ireland Premier Division . His former clubs include Carrick United ( 3 spells ) , Waterford United ( 2 spells ) , Cobh Ramblers , Limerick , St Patricks Athletic ( 2 spells ) , Shamrock Rovers , Cork City and Sligo Rovers . Career . Carrick United . Kavanagh was part of the extremely successful Carrick United team which reached the Munster and FAI Junior Cup final as well as the Munster Senior Cup Finals . Waterford United . He signed for Waterford United from the successful Carrick United junior side . After a bedding-in season he established himself in the Blues first team with a series of skilful displays from midfield . A serious leg injury curtailed his development , but he returned to Premier Division action with Cobh Ramblers in July 2008 . He signed again for Waterford United in July 2010 from Limerick F.C . but his contract with the Waterford United was terminated towards the end of the 2010 season for his off the field activities and addictions . Kavanagh attended a 28-day rehab for drink and drug addictions in 2010 . FIFPro . He was part of the 18-man squad for the FIFPro Winter Tournament 2011 in Oslo , Norway in January 2011 . Kavanagh was named the best player of the tournament . St Patricks Athletic . He signed for St Patricks Athletic in January 2011 after performing well at the FIFPro Winter tournament , taking the number 7 shirt previously worn by David McAllister , who left the Saints in the same month to join Sheffield United . Kavanagh scored his first goal for the Saints in a 2–0 win over Bray Wanderers at the Carlisle Grounds in the Leinster Senior Cup on 14 March 2011 . Kavanagh scored his first league goals for Pats against Drogheda , scoring two fine goals on Friday 29 April 2011 . Kavanagh followed up on his first league goals by scoring against Galway United on the following Monday . Kavanagh scored the winning goal in the 1–0 win over Dublin rivals Bohemians . He scored a week later against University College Dublin A.F.C. . Shamrock Rovers . In January 2012 Kavanagh signed for League of Ireland Champions Shamrock Rovers . Kavanagh won his second Leinster Senior Cup with Rovers and left at the end of the season . Cork City . Kavanagh signed for Cork City on a two-year deal in November 2012 . His contract was terminated by mutual consent on 31 July 2013 , after he had an argument with manager Tommy Dunne . Return to St Patricks Athletic . Kavanagh signed a contract with his old club , league leaders St Patricks Athletic until the end of the season on the League of Ireland Summer Transfer Deadline Day , 31 July 2013 . He made his return on 2 August in a 0-0 draw against Drogheda United at Richmond Park . Kavanaghs first goal since his return came against Bohemians at Richmond Park on 30 August . He scored the vital second goal in a 2–0 win over Dundalk in a huge match in the 2013 League of Ireland title run in . Kavanagh won his first League of Ireland title as Pats beat Sligo Rovers 2–0 on 13 October 2013 to win the league . Sligo Rovers . After making just 1 league start for Pats in the 2014 season , scoring no league goals , Kavanagh left in search of first team football and joined Sligo Rovers on the League of Ireland Transfer Deadline Day , 31 July 2014 . Kavanagh made his debut for Sligo against Athlone Town and made one other appearance against Bray Wanderers , in which he sustained a calf injury that would end his season . This injury resulted in Kavanagh being released by mutual agreement just over a month after signing for Sligo , after the club agreed to his request in order to facilitate his rehab on the injury closer to his home in Tipperary . Personal life . Addiction . Kavanagh has admittied being addicted to drugs , alcohol and gambling . He sought help for these problems and attended rehab for 28 days in 2010 . Prison . Kavanagh spent 6 days in prison on remand for attempted robbery with a fake gun . Rehabilitation . Kavanagh claims to be rehabilitated and said in an Irish Times interview that he had a few problems over the years with drinking and drugs and trouble-wise , he continued to say there were thefts , attempted thefts , attempted robberies and stuff . I had drunk and disorderlies against me as well . Kavanagh has said Its a life I want to leave behind me . Honours . Club . - St Patricks Athletic - League of Ireland ( 1 ) : 2013 - Leinster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2011 - FAI Presidents Cup ( 1 ) : 2014 - Shamrock Rovers - Leinster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2012 Individual . - PFAI Team of the Year ( 1 ) : 2011

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Vahid Hashemian played for which team from 1996 to 1998?

/wiki/Vahid_Hashemian#P54#0

Vahid Hashemian Vahid Hashemian ( , born 21 July 1976 ) is a retired Iranian football striker and current coach who is currently assistant to Dragan Skočić at Iran national football team . Club career . Hashemian started his professional football career with Pas Tehran in his homeland . He arrived in Germany for the 1999–2000 season to play for Hamburger SV . Although playing alongside his fellow Iranian international Mehdi Mahdavikia , he had just 12 appearances , so he left the club for VfL Bochum to show his real ability . He had three good seasons with Bochum , scoring 34 goals in 87 appearances . During his last season there he scored 16 goals , helping Bochum to finish fifth in the Bundesliga and qualify for the 2004–05 UEFA Cup . This prompted Bayern Munich to grant him in a €2 million contract , hence giving him the chance to follow in the footsteps of Ali Daei . After one season with Bayern Munich , he joined Hannover 96 where he has been playing since season 2005–06 . On 23 April 2008 , VfL Bochum officials announced that he would return to their club in the season 2008–09 . Hashemian signed a two-year contract with an option for one extra year . He scored only one goal for the team and was benched most of the times in his first season . On 30 December 2010 , Hashemian signed a deal with Iran Pro League side Persepolis . Where he was able to win the Hazfi Cup . On 19 July 2011 , he extended his contract with the Iranian powerhouse Persepolis for another year . On 20 May 2012 , it was announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the season . On 21 July 2012 , on his 36th birthday , he announced his retirement from football . International career . Hashemian debuted for the Iran national football team on 1 December 1998 in a friendly match against Kazakhstan . After the 2000 Asian Cup he refused to play for Team Melli but after four years finally decided to come and help his country to qualify for the World Cup . Hashemian has been a key player for Iran national team in recent years and has scored vital goals for Team Melli , such as netting an important goal in a World Cup qualification game against Qatar in October 2004 , as well as scoring two magnificent goals in a win over Japan in Tehran in March 2005 . He played all three of Irans games in the 2006 World Cup . He started in the line-up in all the games at 2007 Asian Cup , under Amir Ghalenoi , but has declined to play for Team Melli in the first round of 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifying . Hashemian was later invited for the second round of World Cup Qualifying playing in Irans 1–1 tie versus Saudi Arabia . He announced that he would no longer participate in the international matches and he is retired from Team Melli and he wishes to coach Team Melli when he retires from football . Coaching career . Hashemian gained his UEFA B Licence in 2008 while playing in Bundesliga , before completing his A Licence in 2012 . Hashemian was named as one of the 24 coaches handpicked by the DFB to take part in its 10-month course , Fußballlehrer , in 2014 . He also took a three-weeks internship under Pep Guardiola at Bayern Munich , as part of the program , and obtained the german certificate equivalent to UEFA Pro Licence . Oberliga Hamburg ( 2012–13 ) . Hashemian then started his coaching career in Oberliga Hamburg , where he worked for the next 14 months . Accepting a job offer by Thomas Bliemeister , then-coach of SV Halstenbek-Rellingen who took position as the clubs technical director , he was appointed as the coach on 26 October 2012 . In July 2013 he signed with Niendorfer TSV , but left the team in the mid-season in order to pursue his professional training . Hamburger SV ( 2017–18 ) . In early 2017 , Hashemian signed a contract with Hamburger SV and was assigned as an individual trainer at the clubs youth academy for six months . During the 2017–18 season , he was assistant to the clubs U17 coach , Pit Reimers . Replacing Steffen Weiß , the club officially appointed him as the coach of its reserve team in April 2018 , because his Fußballlehrer license prevented a lawsuit against the club by demoted players Walace and Mërgim Mavraj , while the former coach did not have any . A few days later , Achim Feifel took over the team and Hashemian was returned to his old job . By the end of season , Weiß remained to coach the reserve team again for the next season and Hashemian rejected an offer to extend his contract as a youth academy trainer He left HSV in May 2018 , when the contract expired . Outside football . Personal life . In July 2012 , his wife Bita gave birth to a daughter named Elena . Business activities . Hashemian has registered a trademark named German Sports , in order to produce and sell sports equipment under his own name . He has founded German Home LTP GmbH , a company in Germany that specializes in exporting home appliances to Iran . Honours . Club . Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 2004–05 - DFB-Pokal : 2004–05 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2004 , 2005 Persepolis - Hazfi Cup : 2010–11 International . Iran - Asian Games Gold Medal : 1998 - WAFF Championship : 2000

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Vahid Hashemian played for which team from 1998 to 1999?

/wiki/Vahid_Hashemian#P54#1

Vahid Hashemian Vahid Hashemian ( , born 21 July 1976 ) is a retired Iranian football striker and current coach who is currently assistant to Dragan Skočić at Iran national football team . Club career . Hashemian started his professional football career with Pas Tehran in his homeland . He arrived in Germany for the 1999–2000 season to play for Hamburger SV . Although playing alongside his fellow Iranian international Mehdi Mahdavikia , he had just 12 appearances , so he left the club for VfL Bochum to show his real ability . He had three good seasons with Bochum , scoring 34 goals in 87 appearances . During his last season there he scored 16 goals , helping Bochum to finish fifth in the Bundesliga and qualify for the 2004–05 UEFA Cup . This prompted Bayern Munich to grant him in a €2 million contract , hence giving him the chance to follow in the footsteps of Ali Daei . After one season with Bayern Munich , he joined Hannover 96 where he has been playing since season 2005–06 . On 23 April 2008 , VfL Bochum officials announced that he would return to their club in the season 2008–09 . Hashemian signed a two-year contract with an option for one extra year . He scored only one goal for the team and was benched most of the times in his first season . On 30 December 2010 , Hashemian signed a deal with Iran Pro League side Persepolis . Where he was able to win the Hazfi Cup . On 19 July 2011 , he extended his contract with the Iranian powerhouse Persepolis for another year . On 20 May 2012 , it was announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the season . On 21 July 2012 , on his 36th birthday , he announced his retirement from football . International career . Hashemian debuted for the Iran national football team on 1 December 1998 in a friendly match against Kazakhstan . After the 2000 Asian Cup he refused to play for Team Melli but after four years finally decided to come and help his country to qualify for the World Cup . Hashemian has been a key player for Iran national team in recent years and has scored vital goals for Team Melli , such as netting an important goal in a World Cup qualification game against Qatar in October 2004 , as well as scoring two magnificent goals in a win over Japan in Tehran in March 2005 . He played all three of Irans games in the 2006 World Cup . He started in the line-up in all the games at 2007 Asian Cup , under Amir Ghalenoi , but has declined to play for Team Melli in the first round of 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifying . Hashemian was later invited for the second round of World Cup Qualifying playing in Irans 1–1 tie versus Saudi Arabia . He announced that he would no longer participate in the international matches and he is retired from Team Melli and he wishes to coach Team Melli when he retires from football . Coaching career . Hashemian gained his UEFA B Licence in 2008 while playing in Bundesliga , before completing his A Licence in 2012 . Hashemian was named as one of the 24 coaches handpicked by the DFB to take part in its 10-month course , Fußballlehrer , in 2014 . He also took a three-weeks internship under Pep Guardiola at Bayern Munich , as part of the program , and obtained the german certificate equivalent to UEFA Pro Licence . Oberliga Hamburg ( 2012–13 ) . Hashemian then started his coaching career in Oberliga Hamburg , where he worked for the next 14 months . Accepting a job offer by Thomas Bliemeister , then-coach of SV Halstenbek-Rellingen who took position as the clubs technical director , he was appointed as the coach on 26 October 2012 . In July 2013 he signed with Niendorfer TSV , but left the team in the mid-season in order to pursue his professional training . Hamburger SV ( 2017–18 ) . In early 2017 , Hashemian signed a contract with Hamburger SV and was assigned as an individual trainer at the clubs youth academy for six months . During the 2017–18 season , he was assistant to the clubs U17 coach , Pit Reimers . Replacing Steffen Weiß , the club officially appointed him as the coach of its reserve team in April 2018 , because his Fußballlehrer license prevented a lawsuit against the club by demoted players Walace and Mërgim Mavraj , while the former coach did not have any . A few days later , Achim Feifel took over the team and Hashemian was returned to his old job . By the end of season , Weiß remained to coach the reserve team again for the next season and Hashemian rejected an offer to extend his contract as a youth academy trainer He left HSV in May 2018 , when the contract expired . Outside football . Personal life . In July 2012 , his wife Bita gave birth to a daughter named Elena . Business activities . Hashemian has registered a trademark named German Sports , in order to produce and sell sports equipment under his own name . He has founded German Home LTP GmbH , a company in Germany that specializes in exporting home appliances to Iran . Honours . Club . Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 2004–05 - DFB-Pokal : 2004–05 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2004 , 2005 Persepolis - Hazfi Cup : 2010–11 International . Iran - Asian Games Gold Medal : 1998 - WAFF Championship : 2000

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Which team did the player Vahid Hashemian belong to from 1999 to 2001?

/wiki/Vahid_Hashemian#P54#2

Vahid Hashemian Vahid Hashemian ( , born 21 July 1976 ) is a retired Iranian football striker and current coach who is currently assistant to Dragan Skočić at Iran national football team . Club career . Hashemian started his professional football career with Pas Tehran in his homeland . He arrived in Germany for the 1999–2000 season to play for Hamburger SV . Although playing alongside his fellow Iranian international Mehdi Mahdavikia , he had just 12 appearances , so he left the club for VfL Bochum to show his real ability . He had three good seasons with Bochum , scoring 34 goals in 87 appearances . During his last season there he scored 16 goals , helping Bochum to finish fifth in the Bundesliga and qualify for the 2004–05 UEFA Cup . This prompted Bayern Munich to grant him in a €2 million contract , hence giving him the chance to follow in the footsteps of Ali Daei . After one season with Bayern Munich , he joined Hannover 96 where he has been playing since season 2005–06 . On 23 April 2008 , VfL Bochum officials announced that he would return to their club in the season 2008–09 . Hashemian signed a two-year contract with an option for one extra year . He scored only one goal for the team and was benched most of the times in his first season . On 30 December 2010 , Hashemian signed a deal with Iran Pro League side Persepolis . Where he was able to win the Hazfi Cup . On 19 July 2011 , he extended his contract with the Iranian powerhouse Persepolis for another year . On 20 May 2012 , it was announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the season . On 21 July 2012 , on his 36th birthday , he announced his retirement from football . International career . Hashemian debuted for the Iran national football team on 1 December 1998 in a friendly match against Kazakhstan . After the 2000 Asian Cup he refused to play for Team Melli but after four years finally decided to come and help his country to qualify for the World Cup . Hashemian has been a key player for Iran national team in recent years and has scored vital goals for Team Melli , such as netting an important goal in a World Cup qualification game against Qatar in October 2004 , as well as scoring two magnificent goals in a win over Japan in Tehran in March 2005 . He played all three of Irans games in the 2006 World Cup . He started in the line-up in all the games at 2007 Asian Cup , under Amir Ghalenoi , but has declined to play for Team Melli in the first round of 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifying . Hashemian was later invited for the second round of World Cup Qualifying playing in Irans 1–1 tie versus Saudi Arabia . He announced that he would no longer participate in the international matches and he is retired from Team Melli and he wishes to coach Team Melli when he retires from football . Coaching career . Hashemian gained his UEFA B Licence in 2008 while playing in Bundesliga , before completing his A Licence in 2012 . Hashemian was named as one of the 24 coaches handpicked by the DFB to take part in its 10-month course , Fußballlehrer , in 2014 . He also took a three-weeks internship under Pep Guardiola at Bayern Munich , as part of the program , and obtained the german certificate equivalent to UEFA Pro Licence . Oberliga Hamburg ( 2012–13 ) . Hashemian then started his coaching career in Oberliga Hamburg , where he worked for the next 14 months . Accepting a job offer by Thomas Bliemeister , then-coach of SV Halstenbek-Rellingen who took position as the clubs technical director , he was appointed as the coach on 26 October 2012 . In July 2013 he signed with Niendorfer TSV , but left the team in the mid-season in order to pursue his professional training . Hamburger SV ( 2017–18 ) . In early 2017 , Hashemian signed a contract with Hamburger SV and was assigned as an individual trainer at the clubs youth academy for six months . During the 2017–18 season , he was assistant to the clubs U17 coach , Pit Reimers . Replacing Steffen Weiß , the club officially appointed him as the coach of its reserve team in April 2018 , because his Fußballlehrer license prevented a lawsuit against the club by demoted players Walace and Mërgim Mavraj , while the former coach did not have any . A few days later , Achim Feifel took over the team and Hashemian was returned to his old job . By the end of season , Weiß remained to coach the reserve team again for the next season and Hashemian rejected an offer to extend his contract as a youth academy trainer He left HSV in May 2018 , when the contract expired . Outside football . Personal life . In July 2012 , his wife Bita gave birth to a daughter named Elena . Business activities . Hashemian has registered a trademark named German Sports , in order to produce and sell sports equipment under his own name . He has founded German Home LTP GmbH , a company in Germany that specializes in exporting home appliances to Iran . Honours . Club . Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 2004–05 - DFB-Pokal : 2004–05 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2004 , 2005 Persepolis - Hazfi Cup : 2010–11 International . Iran - Asian Games Gold Medal : 1998 - WAFF Championship : 2000

easy

Which team did Vahid Hashemian play for from 2001 to 2004?

/wiki/Vahid_Hashemian#P54#3

Vahid Hashemian Vahid Hashemian ( , born 21 July 1976 ) is a retired Iranian football striker and current coach who is currently assistant to Dragan Skočić at Iran national football team . Club career . Hashemian started his professional football career with Pas Tehran in his homeland . He arrived in Germany for the 1999–2000 season to play for Hamburger SV . Although playing alongside his fellow Iranian international Mehdi Mahdavikia , he had just 12 appearances , so he left the club for VfL Bochum to show his real ability . He had three good seasons with Bochum , scoring 34 goals in 87 appearances . During his last season there he scored 16 goals , helping Bochum to finish fifth in the Bundesliga and qualify for the 2004–05 UEFA Cup . This prompted Bayern Munich to grant him in a €2 million contract , hence giving him the chance to follow in the footsteps of Ali Daei . After one season with Bayern Munich , he joined Hannover 96 where he has been playing since season 2005–06 . On 23 April 2008 , VfL Bochum officials announced that he would return to their club in the season 2008–09 . Hashemian signed a two-year contract with an option for one extra year . He scored only one goal for the team and was benched most of the times in his first season . On 30 December 2010 , Hashemian signed a deal with Iran Pro League side Persepolis . Where he was able to win the Hazfi Cup . On 19 July 2011 , he extended his contract with the Iranian powerhouse Persepolis for another year . On 20 May 2012 , it was announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the season . On 21 July 2012 , on his 36th birthday , he announced his retirement from football . International career . Hashemian debuted for the Iran national football team on 1 December 1998 in a friendly match against Kazakhstan . After the 2000 Asian Cup he refused to play for Team Melli but after four years finally decided to come and help his country to qualify for the World Cup . Hashemian has been a key player for Iran national team in recent years and has scored vital goals for Team Melli , such as netting an important goal in a World Cup qualification game against Qatar in October 2004 , as well as scoring two magnificent goals in a win over Japan in Tehran in March 2005 . He played all three of Irans games in the 2006 World Cup . He started in the line-up in all the games at 2007 Asian Cup , under Amir Ghalenoi , but has declined to play for Team Melli in the first round of 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifying . Hashemian was later invited for the second round of World Cup Qualifying playing in Irans 1–1 tie versus Saudi Arabia . He announced that he would no longer participate in the international matches and he is retired from Team Melli and he wishes to coach Team Melli when he retires from football . Coaching career . Hashemian gained his UEFA B Licence in 2008 while playing in Bundesliga , before completing his A Licence in 2012 . Hashemian was named as one of the 24 coaches handpicked by the DFB to take part in its 10-month course , Fußballlehrer , in 2014 . He also took a three-weeks internship under Pep Guardiola at Bayern Munich , as part of the program , and obtained the german certificate equivalent to UEFA Pro Licence . Oberliga Hamburg ( 2012–13 ) . Hashemian then started his coaching career in Oberliga Hamburg , where he worked for the next 14 months . Accepting a job offer by Thomas Bliemeister , then-coach of SV Halstenbek-Rellingen who took position as the clubs technical director , he was appointed as the coach on 26 October 2012 . In July 2013 he signed with Niendorfer TSV , but left the team in the mid-season in order to pursue his professional training . Hamburger SV ( 2017–18 ) . In early 2017 , Hashemian signed a contract with Hamburger SV and was assigned as an individual trainer at the clubs youth academy for six months . During the 2017–18 season , he was assistant to the clubs U17 coach , Pit Reimers . Replacing Steffen Weiß , the club officially appointed him as the coach of its reserve team in April 2018 , because his Fußballlehrer license prevented a lawsuit against the club by demoted players Walace and Mërgim Mavraj , while the former coach did not have any . A few days later , Achim Feifel took over the team and Hashemian was returned to his old job . By the end of season , Weiß remained to coach the reserve team again for the next season and Hashemian rejected an offer to extend his contract as a youth academy trainer He left HSV in May 2018 , when the contract expired . Outside football . Personal life . In July 2012 , his wife Bita gave birth to a daughter named Elena . Business activities . Hashemian has registered a trademark named German Sports , in order to produce and sell sports equipment under his own name . He has founded German Home LTP GmbH , a company in Germany that specializes in exporting home appliances to Iran . Honours . Club . Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 2004–05 - DFB-Pokal : 2004–05 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2004 , 2005 Persepolis - Hazfi Cup : 2010–11 International . Iran - Asian Games Gold Medal : 1998 - WAFF Championship : 2000

easy

Which team did the player Vahid Hashemian belong to from 2004 to 2005?

/wiki/Vahid_Hashemian#P54#4

Vahid Hashemian Vahid Hashemian ( , born 21 July 1976 ) is a retired Iranian football striker and current coach who is currently assistant to Dragan Skočić at Iran national football team . Club career . Hashemian started his professional football career with Pas Tehran in his homeland . He arrived in Germany for the 1999–2000 season to play for Hamburger SV . Although playing alongside his fellow Iranian international Mehdi Mahdavikia , he had just 12 appearances , so he left the club for VfL Bochum to show his real ability . He had three good seasons with Bochum , scoring 34 goals in 87 appearances . During his last season there he scored 16 goals , helping Bochum to finish fifth in the Bundesliga and qualify for the 2004–05 UEFA Cup . This prompted Bayern Munich to grant him in a €2 million contract , hence giving him the chance to follow in the footsteps of Ali Daei . After one season with Bayern Munich , he joined Hannover 96 where he has been playing since season 2005–06 . On 23 April 2008 , VfL Bochum officials announced that he would return to their club in the season 2008–09 . Hashemian signed a two-year contract with an option for one extra year . He scored only one goal for the team and was benched most of the times in his first season . On 30 December 2010 , Hashemian signed a deal with Iran Pro League side Persepolis . Where he was able to win the Hazfi Cup . On 19 July 2011 , he extended his contract with the Iranian powerhouse Persepolis for another year . On 20 May 2012 , it was announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the season . On 21 July 2012 , on his 36th birthday , he announced his retirement from football . International career . Hashemian debuted for the Iran national football team on 1 December 1998 in a friendly match against Kazakhstan . After the 2000 Asian Cup he refused to play for Team Melli but after four years finally decided to come and help his country to qualify for the World Cup . Hashemian has been a key player for Iran national team in recent years and has scored vital goals for Team Melli , such as netting an important goal in a World Cup qualification game against Qatar in October 2004 , as well as scoring two magnificent goals in a win over Japan in Tehran in March 2005 . He played all three of Irans games in the 2006 World Cup . He started in the line-up in all the games at 2007 Asian Cup , under Amir Ghalenoi , but has declined to play for Team Melli in the first round of 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifying . Hashemian was later invited for the second round of World Cup Qualifying playing in Irans 1–1 tie versus Saudi Arabia . He announced that he would no longer participate in the international matches and he is retired from Team Melli and he wishes to coach Team Melli when he retires from football . Coaching career . Hashemian gained his UEFA B Licence in 2008 while playing in Bundesliga , before completing his A Licence in 2012 . Hashemian was named as one of the 24 coaches handpicked by the DFB to take part in its 10-month course , Fußballlehrer , in 2014 . He also took a three-weeks internship under Pep Guardiola at Bayern Munich , as part of the program , and obtained the german certificate equivalent to UEFA Pro Licence . Oberliga Hamburg ( 2012–13 ) . Hashemian then started his coaching career in Oberliga Hamburg , where he worked for the next 14 months . Accepting a job offer by Thomas Bliemeister , then-coach of SV Halstenbek-Rellingen who took position as the clubs technical director , he was appointed as the coach on 26 October 2012 . In July 2013 he signed with Niendorfer TSV , but left the team in the mid-season in order to pursue his professional training . Hamburger SV ( 2017–18 ) . In early 2017 , Hashemian signed a contract with Hamburger SV and was assigned as an individual trainer at the clubs youth academy for six months . During the 2017–18 season , he was assistant to the clubs U17 coach , Pit Reimers . Replacing Steffen Weiß , the club officially appointed him as the coach of its reserve team in April 2018 , because his Fußballlehrer license prevented a lawsuit against the club by demoted players Walace and Mërgim Mavraj , while the former coach did not have any . A few days later , Achim Feifel took over the team and Hashemian was returned to his old job . By the end of season , Weiß remained to coach the reserve team again for the next season and Hashemian rejected an offer to extend his contract as a youth academy trainer He left HSV in May 2018 , when the contract expired . Outside football . Personal life . In July 2012 , his wife Bita gave birth to a daughter named Elena . Business activities . Hashemian has registered a trademark named German Sports , in order to produce and sell sports equipment under his own name . He has founded German Home LTP GmbH , a company in Germany that specializes in exporting home appliances to Iran . Honours . Club . Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 2004–05 - DFB-Pokal : 2004–05 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2004 , 2005 Persepolis - Hazfi Cup : 2010–11 International . Iran - Asian Games Gold Medal : 1998 - WAFF Championship : 2000

easy

Which team did Vahid Hashemian play for from 2005 to 2008?

/wiki/Vahid_Hashemian#P54#5

Vahid Hashemian Vahid Hashemian ( , born 21 July 1976 ) is a retired Iranian football striker and current coach who is currently assistant to Dragan Skočić at Iran national football team . Club career . Hashemian started his professional football career with Pas Tehran in his homeland . He arrived in Germany for the 1999–2000 season to play for Hamburger SV . Although playing alongside his fellow Iranian international Mehdi Mahdavikia , he had just 12 appearances , so he left the club for VfL Bochum to show his real ability . He had three good seasons with Bochum , scoring 34 goals in 87 appearances . During his last season there he scored 16 goals , helping Bochum to finish fifth in the Bundesliga and qualify for the 2004–05 UEFA Cup . This prompted Bayern Munich to grant him in a €2 million contract , hence giving him the chance to follow in the footsteps of Ali Daei . After one season with Bayern Munich , he joined Hannover 96 where he has been playing since season 2005–06 . On 23 April 2008 , VfL Bochum officials announced that he would return to their club in the season 2008–09 . Hashemian signed a two-year contract with an option for one extra year . He scored only one goal for the team and was benched most of the times in his first season . On 30 December 2010 , Hashemian signed a deal with Iran Pro League side Persepolis . Where he was able to win the Hazfi Cup . On 19 July 2011 , he extended his contract with the Iranian powerhouse Persepolis for another year . On 20 May 2012 , it was announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the season . On 21 July 2012 , on his 36th birthday , he announced his retirement from football . International career . Hashemian debuted for the Iran national football team on 1 December 1998 in a friendly match against Kazakhstan . After the 2000 Asian Cup he refused to play for Team Melli but after four years finally decided to come and help his country to qualify for the World Cup . Hashemian has been a key player for Iran national team in recent years and has scored vital goals for Team Melli , such as netting an important goal in a World Cup qualification game against Qatar in October 2004 , as well as scoring two magnificent goals in a win over Japan in Tehran in March 2005 . He played all three of Irans games in the 2006 World Cup . He started in the line-up in all the games at 2007 Asian Cup , under Amir Ghalenoi , but has declined to play for Team Melli in the first round of 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifying . Hashemian was later invited for the second round of World Cup Qualifying playing in Irans 1–1 tie versus Saudi Arabia . He announced that he would no longer participate in the international matches and he is retired from Team Melli and he wishes to coach Team Melli when he retires from football . Coaching career . Hashemian gained his UEFA B Licence in 2008 while playing in Bundesliga , before completing his A Licence in 2012 . Hashemian was named as one of the 24 coaches handpicked by the DFB to take part in its 10-month course , Fußballlehrer , in 2014 . He also took a three-weeks internship under Pep Guardiola at Bayern Munich , as part of the program , and obtained the german certificate equivalent to UEFA Pro Licence . Oberliga Hamburg ( 2012–13 ) . Hashemian then started his coaching career in Oberliga Hamburg , where he worked for the next 14 months . Accepting a job offer by Thomas Bliemeister , then-coach of SV Halstenbek-Rellingen who took position as the clubs technical director , he was appointed as the coach on 26 October 2012 . In July 2013 he signed with Niendorfer TSV , but left the team in the mid-season in order to pursue his professional training . Hamburger SV ( 2017–18 ) . In early 2017 , Hashemian signed a contract with Hamburger SV and was assigned as an individual trainer at the clubs youth academy for six months . During the 2017–18 season , he was assistant to the clubs U17 coach , Pit Reimers . Replacing Steffen Weiß , the club officially appointed him as the coach of its reserve team in April 2018 , because his Fußballlehrer license prevented a lawsuit against the club by demoted players Walace and Mërgim Mavraj , while the former coach did not have any . A few days later , Achim Feifel took over the team and Hashemian was returned to his old job . By the end of season , Weiß remained to coach the reserve team again for the next season and Hashemian rejected an offer to extend his contract as a youth academy trainer He left HSV in May 2018 , when the contract expired . Outside football . Personal life . In July 2012 , his wife Bita gave birth to a daughter named Elena . Business activities . Hashemian has registered a trademark named German Sports , in order to produce and sell sports equipment under his own name . He has founded German Home LTP GmbH , a company in Germany that specializes in exporting home appliances to Iran . Honours . Club . Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 2004–05 - DFB-Pokal : 2004–05 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2004 , 2005 Persepolis - Hazfi Cup : 2010–11 International . Iran - Asian Games Gold Medal : 1998 - WAFF Championship : 2000

easy

Which team did Vahid Hashemian play for from 2008 to 2009?

/wiki/Vahid_Hashemian#P54#6

Vahid Hashemian Vahid Hashemian ( , born 21 July 1976 ) is a retired Iranian football striker and current coach who is currently assistant to Dragan Skočić at Iran national football team . Club career . Hashemian started his professional football career with Pas Tehran in his homeland . He arrived in Germany for the 1999–2000 season to play for Hamburger SV . Although playing alongside his fellow Iranian international Mehdi Mahdavikia , he had just 12 appearances , so he left the club for VfL Bochum to show his real ability . He had three good seasons with Bochum , scoring 34 goals in 87 appearances . During his last season there he scored 16 goals , helping Bochum to finish fifth in the Bundesliga and qualify for the 2004–05 UEFA Cup . This prompted Bayern Munich to grant him in a €2 million contract , hence giving him the chance to follow in the footsteps of Ali Daei . After one season with Bayern Munich , he joined Hannover 96 where he has been playing since season 2005–06 . On 23 April 2008 , VfL Bochum officials announced that he would return to their club in the season 2008–09 . Hashemian signed a two-year contract with an option for one extra year . He scored only one goal for the team and was benched most of the times in his first season . On 30 December 2010 , Hashemian signed a deal with Iran Pro League side Persepolis . Where he was able to win the Hazfi Cup . On 19 July 2011 , he extended his contract with the Iranian powerhouse Persepolis for another year . On 20 May 2012 , it was announced that he will be leaving the club at the end of the season . On 21 July 2012 , on his 36th birthday , he announced his retirement from football . International career . Hashemian debuted for the Iran national football team on 1 December 1998 in a friendly match against Kazakhstan . After the 2000 Asian Cup he refused to play for Team Melli but after four years finally decided to come and help his country to qualify for the World Cup . Hashemian has been a key player for Iran national team in recent years and has scored vital goals for Team Melli , such as netting an important goal in a World Cup qualification game against Qatar in October 2004 , as well as scoring two magnificent goals in a win over Japan in Tehran in March 2005 . He played all three of Irans games in the 2006 World Cup . He started in the line-up in all the games at 2007 Asian Cup , under Amir Ghalenoi , but has declined to play for Team Melli in the first round of 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifying . Hashemian was later invited for the second round of World Cup Qualifying playing in Irans 1–1 tie versus Saudi Arabia . He announced that he would no longer participate in the international matches and he is retired from Team Melli and he wishes to coach Team Melli when he retires from football . Coaching career . Hashemian gained his UEFA B Licence in 2008 while playing in Bundesliga , before completing his A Licence in 2012 . Hashemian was named as one of the 24 coaches handpicked by the DFB to take part in its 10-month course , Fußballlehrer , in 2014 . He also took a three-weeks internship under Pep Guardiola at Bayern Munich , as part of the program , and obtained the german certificate equivalent to UEFA Pro Licence . Oberliga Hamburg ( 2012–13 ) . Hashemian then started his coaching career in Oberliga Hamburg , where he worked for the next 14 months . Accepting a job offer by Thomas Bliemeister , then-coach of SV Halstenbek-Rellingen who took position as the clubs technical director , he was appointed as the coach on 26 October 2012 . In July 2013 he signed with Niendorfer TSV , but left the team in the mid-season in order to pursue his professional training . Hamburger SV ( 2017–18 ) . In early 2017 , Hashemian signed a contract with Hamburger SV and was assigned as an individual trainer at the clubs youth academy for six months . During the 2017–18 season , he was assistant to the clubs U17 coach , Pit Reimers . Replacing Steffen Weiß , the club officially appointed him as the coach of its reserve team in April 2018 , because his Fußballlehrer license prevented a lawsuit against the club by demoted players Walace and Mërgim Mavraj , while the former coach did not have any . A few days later , Achim Feifel took over the team and Hashemian was returned to his old job . By the end of season , Weiß remained to coach the reserve team again for the next season and Hashemian rejected an offer to extend his contract as a youth academy trainer He left HSV in May 2018 , when the contract expired . Outside football . Personal life . In July 2012 , his wife Bita gave birth to a daughter named Elena . Business activities . Hashemian has registered a trademark named German Sports , in order to produce and sell sports equipment under his own name . He has founded German Home LTP GmbH , a company in Germany that specializes in exporting home appliances to Iran . Honours . Club . Bayern Munich - Bundesliga : 2004–05 - DFB-Pokal : 2004–05 - DFB-Ligapokal : 2004 , 2005 Persepolis - Hazfi Cup : 2010–11 International . Iran - Asian Games Gold Medal : 1998 - WAFF Championship : 2000

easy

Dave Mackay played for which team from 1953 to 1958?

/wiki/Dave_Mackay#P54#0

Dave Mackay David Craig Mackay ( 14 November 1934 – 2 March 2015 ) was a Scottish football player and manager . Mackay was best known for a highly successful playing career with Heart of Midlothian , the Double-winning Tottenham Hotspur side of 1961 , and winning the league with Derby County as a manager . He also represented Scotland 22 times , and was selected for their 1958 FIFA World Cup squad . Mackay tied with Tony Book of Manchester City for the Football Writers Associations Footballer of the Year award in 1969 and was later listed by the Football League in their 100 Legends , as well as being an inaugural inductee to both the English and Scottish Football Halls of Fame . He was described , by Tottenham Hotspur , as one of their greatest players and was known as the heartbeat of their most successful ever team . Early life . Mackay was born in Edinburgh . His father was a printer who worked for The Scotsman newspaper . As a young footballer , he was a Scottish Schoolboy internationalist . Club career . Heart of Midlothian . Mackay supported Hearts as a boy . He signed as a professional in 1952 , initially on a part-time basis as he also worked as joiner . Mackay was given his first team debut in November 1953 . He would be paired with John Cumming at wing half , which was to become the core of the team . Mackay was a talented all-round player ; a strong tackler , physically fit and had good technique with the ball . Cummings Iron Man nickname says much of his determination . Despite his commitment he retained control of his temper and was never booked in his career . Cumming was the only player to collect medals for all seven of the trophies Hearts won under manager Tommy Walker . He never had a bad game . It was either a fairly good game or an excellent game , said Mackay later of his former teammate . Both went on to become full Scotland internationals while playing for Hearts . Mackay was given a regular place in the team in the 1954–55 season , with Freddie Glidden now playing at centre-half . Hearts won their first trophy since 1906 , 48 years before , as they beat Motherwell 4–2 in the 1954 Scottish League Cup Final . This would be the first of seven trophies over nine seasons between 1954 and 1963 . After signing Alex Young and Bobby Kirk , Walkers side proceeded to win the 1955–56 Scottish Cup . They thrashed Rangers 4–0 in the quarter finals with goals from Crawford , Conn and a Bauld double . Mackay completed the set of Scottish domestic honours by winning the league championship in 1957–58 . Jimmy Wardhaugh was the leagues top goalscorer with 28 , while Jimmy Murray and Alex Young also scored more than 20 . Mackay was fourth in Hearts league scoring charts , with 12 . Hearts won that League title in 1957–58 with record-breaking points , goals scored and goal difference totals . Their record from 34 league games of 62 points out of a maximum possible 68 was 13 more than their nearest rival . They scored 132 goals ( still the Scottish top tier record ) with only 29 against for a record net difference of +103 . Murray and Mackay both played for Scotland at the 1958 FIFA World Cup , where Murray scored in a 1–1 draw against Yugoslavia . Mackay played in only the third of Scotlands three games at the World Cup . In the 1958–59 Scottish League Cup group stage Hearts eliminated Rangers . That October 1958 Scottish League Cup Final was won with a heavy 5–1 defeat of Partick Thistle . Bauld and Murray each scored two and Johnny Hamilton netted one . This was the fourth and last Hearts trophy for Mackay . He had some injury issues in what was to be his last year at Hearts . From late March he missed the last five games of the 1957–58 successful league run in . He then missed the first five Hearts games at the start of the 1958–59 season , returning at the end of August . After 6 December he was then eight weeks out the team with the 13 December 1959 crucial 5–0 defeat away to Rangers the first game he missed before returning on 4 February for the 3–1 Scottish Cup victory away at Queen of the South . Just over a month after he regained his place in the first team , Mackay again played Queen of the South this time in a 2–1 home league win on 7 March 1959 . The league game against QoS was Mackays last for Hearts after they accepted a bid of £32,000 from Tottenham Hotspur for their captain . In Hearts next game Mackays vacated half back berth was taken by George Thomson , who moved from inside forward . Thomsons inside forward spot was given to debutant Bobby Rankin , who had been signed for £4,000 from Queen of the South two days before Mackays last Hearts game . Hearts spent £23,000 of the transfer on stadium improvements . Tottenham Hotspur . Aged 24 , he was signed by Tottenham Hotspur for £32,000 in March 1959 making his debut on 21 March in a 3–1 home win against Manchester City . During the 1960s his fierce determination and skill contributed to the team which won the Double in 1960–61 . As double winners Spurs played in the 1961 FA Charity Shield against an FA XI which Spurs won 3–2 . In that 1961 FA Cup Final they beat Leicester City 2–0 . They retained the trophy when they won the 1962 FA Cup Final beating Burnley 3–1 . This put them into a second successive Charity Shield . In that 1962 FA Charity Shield they beat Ipswich Town 5–1 . This put Spurs into the 1962–63 Cup Winners Cup . However Mackay missed the 5–1 1963 European Cup Winners Cup Final victory over the defending champions Atlético Madrid at De Kuip in Rotterdam due to injured stomach muscles . Mackay had scored in the semi-final victory against OFK Beograd . Spurs defended the Cup Winners Cup the season after and were drawn to play the then FA Cup-holders , Manchester United , in the second round . Mackay scored the opener in the first leg 2–0 victory at White Hart Lane . On 10 December 1963 Mackay broke his left leg in a challenge with Uniteds Noel Cantwell after eight minutes of the return tie at Old Trafford . Without him his teammates lost 4–1 due to a double strike by Bobby Charlton in the last 13 minutes . Mackay had just turned 29 the month before . The break was a serious one , and it took nine months before he attempted a comeback . Playing for Tottenhams reserves at home to Shrewsbury Town on 12 September 1964 , he broke the same bone a second time , this time in a challenge with Peter Dolby . Mackay returned at the start of the 1965–66 season having missed a year and a half of first-team football . In 1966 Mackay was photographed by Daily Mirror photographer Monte Fresco in an on-pitch confrontation with Leeds Uniteds Billy Bremner . Mackays face contorted , he is seen grabbing Bremners shirt . The image is seen as one of the most iconic in UK football although Mackay hated it as it portrayed him as a bully . Mackay stated he reacted in the manner he did since Bremner targeted Mackays left leg ( the one he had broken twice ) even though this leg was furthest away from Bremner . Tottenham won the 1967 FA Cup Final beating Chelsea 2–1 for a third success in that tournament with Mackay . In the subsequent Charity Shield , Spurs drew 3–3 with Manchester United in a match remembered for goalkeeper Pat Jennings scoring with a kick from his own penalty area . Mackay made 268 league appearances for Tottenham . With Mackay Spurs won one league championship , three FA Cups , one European Cup Winners Cup and two FA Charity Shields as well as the 1967 Charity Shield that they shared because of the draw . None of these trophies were won in the two seasons affected by Mackays lengthy injury due to his leg break . Brian Clough claimed in 2003 that Mackay was Tottenham Hotspurs greatest ever player . Derby County . Aged 33 , at the start of the 1968–69 season he transferred to Derby County for £5,000 . Brian Clough and Peter Taylor persuaded him to sign . In his first season at the Baseball Ground , in which the club gained promotion to the First Division , he was chosen FWA Footballer of the Year , jointly with Manchester Citys Tony Book . When he was a player at Derby County , Clough made Mackay play in a sweeping role and used his influence on the team to encourage them to turn defence into attack through a passing game . He left Derby in 1971 , a year before they won the First Division title . Swindon Town . Aged 36 , he joined Swindon Town in 1971 as player/manager where he stayed one season before he retired as a player and focused solely on management . International career . Aged 22 , Mackay made his debut for Scotland on 26 May 1957 in a qualifying game for the 1958 World Cup , against Spain at the Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid . Scotland qualified for the tournament in Sweden , with Mackay playing a single game , on 15 June 1958 , against France ; a 2–1 defeat at the Eyravallen Stadium in Örebro . He first captained his country in his third international , on 18 October 1958 , in a 3–0 away win against Wales in the British Home Championships . The first four of his full caps were when he was with Hearts . The remainder were when he was with Tottenham . The first of his four international goals was in a friendly game at the Prater Stadium in Vienna on 29 May 1960 in a 3–1 away defeat to Austria . His 15th cap was the disastrous 9–3 defeat at Wembley to England in April 1961; . Mackay then spent two years out of the side , with Jim Baxter and Pat Crerand usually being the preferred half back pairing . Mackay was recalled two years later in April 1963 , again versus England at Wembley , but this time Scotland won 2–1 . In his two years out the team Mackay missed the entire qualification campaign for the 1962 FIFA World Cup ( Scotland were eliminated in a play off by the eventual tournament runners-up , Czechoslovakia ) . Mackay had been incumbent in the half back line for three straight games leading up to the game for Spurs in December 1963 in which he broke his leg . He made 22 national appearances , his last coming on 2 October 1965 , again in the British Home Championships , a 3–2 away defeat to Northern Ireland . His last cap was the only one he collected after the leg break . Managerial career . In 1971 Mackay was appointed player-manager of Swindon Town but left after just one season to take charge of Nottingham Forest . He remained at the City Ground until October 1973 , when he returned to Derby as manager following Cloughs resignation . In his first season Derby finished third in the table . In his second season in charge of Derby , he guided the team to the 1974–75 league title . The following season , he managed the club to a respectable fourth-place finish in the league , the semi-finals of the FA Cup , and a second-round exit to Real Madrid in the 1975–76 European Cup . Having beaten them 4–1 in the first leg , a weakened Derby side were beaten 5–1 in the return leg . At one stage the side had been in the running for the Double . Mackay was sacked in November 1976 after a poor start to the 1976–77 season . Mackay then had a spell as Walsall manager from March 1977 to August 1978 . This was followed by nine years coaching in Kuwait . He returned to the UK and was appointed manager of Doncaster Rovers in 1987 , a year after being linked with the Scotland managers job ( which ultimately went to Andy Roxburgh ) . Mackays reign at Belle Vue lasted until March 1989 before he moved to Birmingham City , who had just been relegated to the third tier of the league for the first time in their history . His task was simple – to get Birmingham promoted to the Second Division . But he was unsuccessful in trying to achieve this and resigned in 1991 . After that , Mackay headed to Africa to manage Egyptian club Zamalek SC , a Cairo based football team , with which he won the Egyptian Premier League two times , in both the seasons he was manager . He then spent a further three years in Qatar , managing the Qatar national football team , before retiring from football altogether in 1997 . Legacy . In 2004 The Real Mackay was published , an autobiography written with Martin Knight . Mackay had previously published Soccer My Spur in the early 1960s . Mackay was made an inaugural inductee of the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his impact on the English game as both a player and manager , Two years later , he was an inaugural inductee of the Scottish Football Hall of Fame . In 2006 , he also became an inaugural inductee of the Heart of Midlothian Hall of Fame in recognition of his success as a player in the 1950s . In 2013 , Mackay was one of eleven British football stars chosen by Royal Mail to feature on a set of stamps marking the 150th anniversary of The Football Association . Mackay appears as a character in David Peaces novel The Damned Utd , a fictionalised account of Brian Cloughs time as manager of Derby County and Leeds United . In the film adaptation of the book , The Damned United , Mackay is played by Brian McCardie . Mackay successfully took legal action against the makers of the film over its inaccurate portrayal of the events surrounding Cloughs departure from Derby and Mackays appointment . George Best ( 1946–2005 ) , of Manchester United , one of Tottenhams fiercest rivals in the 1960s , described Mackay as the hardest man I have ever played against – and certainly the bravest . Mackay died on 2 March 2015 at the age of 80 . Heart of Midlothian stated It is with deep regret that we have to advise of the death of Dave Mackay who was possibly the most complete midfield player that Scotland has ever produced . Tottenham wrote in an obituary Dave Mackay will certainly always be remembered here as one of our greatest ever players and a man who never failed to inspire those around him . In short , a Spurs legend . His coffin was brought into his funeral by John Robertson and Gordon Marshall ( ex-Hearts ) , Pat Jennings and Cliff Jones ( ex-Tottenham ) and Roy McFarland and John McGovern ( ex-Derby ) . A eulogy was given by Alex Ferguson . After his sacking at Derby County there was a cutting in Norman Stanley Fletchers cell Mackay Sacked in Porridge which was a joke to Mr . Mackay . Honours . Player . - Heart of Midlothian - Scottish League Division One : 1957–58 - Scottish Cup : 1955–56 - Scottish League Cup : 1954–55 , 1958–59 - Tottenham Hotspur - Football League First Division : 1960–61 - FA Cup : 1960–61 , 1961–62 , 1966–67 - European Cup Winners Cup : 1962–63 - FA Charity Shield : 1961 ( won ) , 1962 ( won ) , 1967 ( shared ) - Derby County - Football League Second Division : 1968–69 - Watney Cup : 1970 Manager . - Derby County - Football League First Division : 1974–75 - FA Charity Shield : 1975 - Zamalek SC - Egyptian Premier League : 1991–92 , 1992–93 - Al-Arabi SC - VIVA Premier League : 5 - Kuwait Emir Cup : 2

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Which team did Dave Mackay play for from 1959 to 1965?

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Dave Mackay David Craig Mackay ( 14 November 1934 – 2 March 2015 ) was a Scottish football player and manager . Mackay was best known for a highly successful playing career with Heart of Midlothian , the Double-winning Tottenham Hotspur side of 1961 , and winning the league with Derby County as a manager . He also represented Scotland 22 times , and was selected for their 1958 FIFA World Cup squad . Mackay tied with Tony Book of Manchester City for the Football Writers Associations Footballer of the Year award in 1969 and was later listed by the Football League in their 100 Legends , as well as being an inaugural inductee to both the English and Scottish Football Halls of Fame . He was described , by Tottenham Hotspur , as one of their greatest players and was known as the heartbeat of their most successful ever team . Early life . Mackay was born in Edinburgh . His father was a printer who worked for The Scotsman newspaper . As a young footballer , he was a Scottish Schoolboy internationalist . Club career . Heart of Midlothian . Mackay supported Hearts as a boy . He signed as a professional in 1952 , initially on a part-time basis as he also worked as joiner . Mackay was given his first team debut in November 1953 . He would be paired with John Cumming at wing half , which was to become the core of the team . Mackay was a talented all-round player ; a strong tackler , physically fit and had good technique with the ball . Cummings Iron Man nickname says much of his determination . Despite his commitment he retained control of his temper and was never booked in his career . Cumming was the only player to collect medals for all seven of the trophies Hearts won under manager Tommy Walker . He never had a bad game . It was either a fairly good game or an excellent game , said Mackay later of his former teammate . Both went on to become full Scotland internationals while playing for Hearts . Mackay was given a regular place in the team in the 1954–55 season , with Freddie Glidden now playing at centre-half . Hearts won their first trophy since 1906 , 48 years before , as they beat Motherwell 4–2 in the 1954 Scottish League Cup Final . This would be the first of seven trophies over nine seasons between 1954 and 1963 . After signing Alex Young and Bobby Kirk , Walkers side proceeded to win the 1955–56 Scottish Cup . They thrashed Rangers 4–0 in the quarter finals with goals from Crawford , Conn and a Bauld double . Mackay completed the set of Scottish domestic honours by winning the league championship in 1957–58 . Jimmy Wardhaugh was the leagues top goalscorer with 28 , while Jimmy Murray and Alex Young also scored more than 20 . Mackay was fourth in Hearts league scoring charts , with 12 . Hearts won that League title in 1957–58 with record-breaking points , goals scored and goal difference totals . Their record from 34 league games of 62 points out of a maximum possible 68 was 13 more than their nearest rival . They scored 132 goals ( still the Scottish top tier record ) with only 29 against for a record net difference of +103 . Murray and Mackay both played for Scotland at the 1958 FIFA World Cup , where Murray scored in a 1–1 draw against Yugoslavia . Mackay played in only the third of Scotlands three games at the World Cup . In the 1958–59 Scottish League Cup group stage Hearts eliminated Rangers . That October 1958 Scottish League Cup Final was won with a heavy 5–1 defeat of Partick Thistle . Bauld and Murray each scored two and Johnny Hamilton netted one . This was the fourth and last Hearts trophy for Mackay . He had some injury issues in what was to be his last year at Hearts . From late March he missed the last five games of the 1957–58 successful league run in . He then missed the first five Hearts games at the start of the 1958–59 season , returning at the end of August . After 6 December he was then eight weeks out the team with the 13 December 1959 crucial 5–0 defeat away to Rangers the first game he missed before returning on 4 February for the 3–1 Scottish Cup victory away at Queen of the South . Just over a month after he regained his place in the first team , Mackay again played Queen of the South this time in a 2–1 home league win on 7 March 1959 . The league game against QoS was Mackays last for Hearts after they accepted a bid of £32,000 from Tottenham Hotspur for their captain . In Hearts next game Mackays vacated half back berth was taken by George Thomson , who moved from inside forward . Thomsons inside forward spot was given to debutant Bobby Rankin , who had been signed for £4,000 from Queen of the South two days before Mackays last Hearts game . Hearts spent £23,000 of the transfer on stadium improvements . Tottenham Hotspur . Aged 24 , he was signed by Tottenham Hotspur for £32,000 in March 1959 making his debut on 21 March in a 3–1 home win against Manchester City . During the 1960s his fierce determination and skill contributed to the team which won the Double in 1960–61 . As double winners Spurs played in the 1961 FA Charity Shield against an FA XI which Spurs won 3–2 . In that 1961 FA Cup Final they beat Leicester City 2–0 . They retained the trophy when they won the 1962 FA Cup Final beating Burnley 3–1 . This put them into a second successive Charity Shield . In that 1962 FA Charity Shield they beat Ipswich Town 5–1 . This put Spurs into the 1962–63 Cup Winners Cup . However Mackay missed the 5–1 1963 European Cup Winners Cup Final victory over the defending champions Atlético Madrid at De Kuip in Rotterdam due to injured stomach muscles . Mackay had scored in the semi-final victory against OFK Beograd . Spurs defended the Cup Winners Cup the season after and were drawn to play the then FA Cup-holders , Manchester United , in the second round . Mackay scored the opener in the first leg 2–0 victory at White Hart Lane . On 10 December 1963 Mackay broke his left leg in a challenge with Uniteds Noel Cantwell after eight minutes of the return tie at Old Trafford . Without him his teammates lost 4–1 due to a double strike by Bobby Charlton in the last 13 minutes . Mackay had just turned 29 the month before . The break was a serious one , and it took nine months before he attempted a comeback . Playing for Tottenhams reserves at home to Shrewsbury Town on 12 September 1964 , he broke the same bone a second time , this time in a challenge with Peter Dolby . Mackay returned at the start of the 1965–66 season having missed a year and a half of first-team football . In 1966 Mackay was photographed by Daily Mirror photographer Monte Fresco in an on-pitch confrontation with Leeds Uniteds Billy Bremner . Mackays face contorted , he is seen grabbing Bremners shirt . The image is seen as one of the most iconic in UK football although Mackay hated it as it portrayed him as a bully . Mackay stated he reacted in the manner he did since Bremner targeted Mackays left leg ( the one he had broken twice ) even though this leg was furthest away from Bremner . Tottenham won the 1967 FA Cup Final beating Chelsea 2–1 for a third success in that tournament with Mackay . In the subsequent Charity Shield , Spurs drew 3–3 with Manchester United in a match remembered for goalkeeper Pat Jennings scoring with a kick from his own penalty area . Mackay made 268 league appearances for Tottenham . With Mackay Spurs won one league championship , three FA Cups , one European Cup Winners Cup and two FA Charity Shields as well as the 1967 Charity Shield that they shared because of the draw . None of these trophies were won in the two seasons affected by Mackays lengthy injury due to his leg break . Brian Clough claimed in 2003 that Mackay was Tottenham Hotspurs greatest ever player . Derby County . Aged 33 , at the start of the 1968–69 season he transferred to Derby County for £5,000 . Brian Clough and Peter Taylor persuaded him to sign . In his first season at the Baseball Ground , in which the club gained promotion to the First Division , he was chosen FWA Footballer of the Year , jointly with Manchester Citys Tony Book . When he was a player at Derby County , Clough made Mackay play in a sweeping role and used his influence on the team to encourage them to turn defence into attack through a passing game . He left Derby in 1971 , a year before they won the First Division title . Swindon Town . Aged 36 , he joined Swindon Town in 1971 as player/manager where he stayed one season before he retired as a player and focused solely on management . International career . Aged 22 , Mackay made his debut for Scotland on 26 May 1957 in a qualifying game for the 1958 World Cup , against Spain at the Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid . Scotland qualified for the tournament in Sweden , with Mackay playing a single game , on 15 June 1958 , against France ; a 2–1 defeat at the Eyravallen Stadium in Örebro . He first captained his country in his third international , on 18 October 1958 , in a 3–0 away win against Wales in the British Home Championships . The first four of his full caps were when he was with Hearts . The remainder were when he was with Tottenham . The first of his four international goals was in a friendly game at the Prater Stadium in Vienna on 29 May 1960 in a 3–1 away defeat to Austria . His 15th cap was the disastrous 9–3 defeat at Wembley to England in April 1961; . Mackay then spent two years out of the side , with Jim Baxter and Pat Crerand usually being the preferred half back pairing . Mackay was recalled two years later in April 1963 , again versus England at Wembley , but this time Scotland won 2–1 . In his two years out the team Mackay missed the entire qualification campaign for the 1962 FIFA World Cup ( Scotland were eliminated in a play off by the eventual tournament runners-up , Czechoslovakia ) . Mackay had been incumbent in the half back line for three straight games leading up to the game for Spurs in December 1963 in which he broke his leg . He made 22 national appearances , his last coming on 2 October 1965 , again in the British Home Championships , a 3–2 away defeat to Northern Ireland . His last cap was the only one he collected after the leg break . Managerial career . In 1971 Mackay was appointed player-manager of Swindon Town but left after just one season to take charge of Nottingham Forest . He remained at the City Ground until October 1973 , when he returned to Derby as manager following Cloughs resignation . In his first season Derby finished third in the table . In his second season in charge of Derby , he guided the team to the 1974–75 league title . The following season , he managed the club to a respectable fourth-place finish in the league , the semi-finals of the FA Cup , and a second-round exit to Real Madrid in the 1975–76 European Cup . Having beaten them 4–1 in the first leg , a weakened Derby side were beaten 5–1 in the return leg . At one stage the side had been in the running for the Double . Mackay was sacked in November 1976 after a poor start to the 1976–77 season . Mackay then had a spell as Walsall manager from March 1977 to August 1978 . This was followed by nine years coaching in Kuwait . He returned to the UK and was appointed manager of Doncaster Rovers in 1987 , a year after being linked with the Scotland managers job ( which ultimately went to Andy Roxburgh ) . Mackays reign at Belle Vue lasted until March 1989 before he moved to Birmingham City , who had just been relegated to the third tier of the league for the first time in their history . His task was simple – to get Birmingham promoted to the Second Division . But he was unsuccessful in trying to achieve this and resigned in 1991 . After that , Mackay headed to Africa to manage Egyptian club Zamalek SC , a Cairo based football team , with which he won the Egyptian Premier League two times , in both the seasons he was manager . He then spent a further three years in Qatar , managing the Qatar national football team , before retiring from football altogether in 1997 . Legacy . In 2004 The Real Mackay was published , an autobiography written with Martin Knight . Mackay had previously published Soccer My Spur in the early 1960s . Mackay was made an inaugural inductee of the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his impact on the English game as both a player and manager , Two years later , he was an inaugural inductee of the Scottish Football Hall of Fame . In 2006 , he also became an inaugural inductee of the Heart of Midlothian Hall of Fame in recognition of his success as a player in the 1950s . In 2013 , Mackay was one of eleven British football stars chosen by Royal Mail to feature on a set of stamps marking the 150th anniversary of The Football Association . Mackay appears as a character in David Peaces novel The Damned Utd , a fictionalised account of Brian Cloughs time as manager of Derby County and Leeds United . In the film adaptation of the book , The Damned United , Mackay is played by Brian McCardie . Mackay successfully took legal action against the makers of the film over its inaccurate portrayal of the events surrounding Cloughs departure from Derby and Mackays appointment . George Best ( 1946–2005 ) , of Manchester United , one of Tottenhams fiercest rivals in the 1960s , described Mackay as the hardest man I have ever played against – and certainly the bravest . Mackay died on 2 March 2015 at the age of 80 . Heart of Midlothian stated It is with deep regret that we have to advise of the death of Dave Mackay who was possibly the most complete midfield player that Scotland has ever produced . Tottenham wrote in an obituary Dave Mackay will certainly always be remembered here as one of our greatest ever players and a man who never failed to inspire those around him . In short , a Spurs legend . His coffin was brought into his funeral by John Robertson and Gordon Marshall ( ex-Hearts ) , Pat Jennings and Cliff Jones ( ex-Tottenham ) and Roy McFarland and John McGovern ( ex-Derby ) . A eulogy was given by Alex Ferguson . After his sacking at Derby County there was a cutting in Norman Stanley Fletchers cell Mackay Sacked in Porridge which was a joke to Mr . Mackay . Honours . Player . - Heart of Midlothian - Scottish League Division One : 1957–58 - Scottish Cup : 1955–56 - Scottish League Cup : 1954–55 , 1958–59 - Tottenham Hotspur - Football League First Division : 1960–61 - FA Cup : 1960–61 , 1961–62 , 1966–67 - European Cup Winners Cup : 1962–63 - FA Charity Shield : 1961 ( won ) , 1962 ( won ) , 1967 ( shared ) - Derby County - Football League Second Division : 1968–69 - Watney Cup : 1970 Manager . - Derby County - Football League First Division : 1974–75 - FA Charity Shield : 1975 - Zamalek SC - Egyptian Premier League : 1991–92 , 1992–93 - Al-Arabi SC - VIVA Premier League : 5 - Kuwait Emir Cup : 2