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ey prasidha matam Pali. athanu avadhuuthudu mariyu prathi savatsaram jathara nirvahistaaru mariyu lakshala mandhi sandarsistaaru, kattavalasina projekt. tmc 8paapaghni.
paykana nadhiki upanadhi: paapaghni nadi Karnataka raashtram. chick, ballapur jillaaloni sidlaghatta gramam oddha puttiummadi Chittoor jalla dwara aandhrapradeshlo praveshisthundi, paalakonda shrenula gunda pravahinchi. vaiesar jalla maidaanapu praantamloki paarutundi, paapaghni vaiesar jillaaloni kamlapuram oddha paykana nadhiloo kalustundi. paapaghni upanadullo mogameru cheppukodaginadi. motham. kilometres podavunna paapaghni nadi yokka motham paarudala prantham 205 cha 7,423 ki.meelu.idi motham paykana nadi paarudala praanthamlo. paapaghni nadi yokka paarudala prantham ummadi Chittoor jalla 14.14%. Anantapur jalla, vaiesar jillaaloo unnaa, pradhaana bhaagam Chittoor jillaaloni paschimabhaagamloni kondaprantamlo Pali, vaiesar jillaaloo pravahinchae paapaghni pai galiveedu mandalam. veligallu gramam oddha Madhya taraha neetipaarudala prajektunu nirmistunnaaru, pantalu.
verusanaga
bharatadesamlone paerupondina kadhiri: kadhiri-9, kadhiri-7,rakam verusanaga shree sathya saiee jalla kadhiri vyayasaaya parisodhanakendramlo tayyaru chesthunnaaru-5 mamidi.
cheraku
boppai
nimma
dhaanamma
chiinii pandu
jaama
raagulu
jonnalu
korralu
kuuragayalu
vidyaa samshthalu
jawar navodaya vidyaalayaalu
Kurnool, Kadapa, Chittoor, Anantapur, rishi valey paatasaala.
eandian intsitute af teknolgy.
Tirupati, eandian cullinary intsitute.
Tirupati, eandian intsitute af sciencu edukeshan und riserch.
Tirupati, z.
pulla reddy. gpr (enginerring kalaasaala) Kurnool, Kurnool vydya kalaasaala
Kurnool, pushpagiri vidyaa samshthalu
Kadapa, kesava reddy vidyaasamsthalu, 1887.
Kurnool, shanthi ramudu vydya kalaasaala
nandyal, kandula srinivasaa reddy memooriyal
enginerring kalaasaala (KSRM) pulivendala roed, Kadapa, yogee vemana vishwavidyaalayam
Kadapa, poorvam (shree krishnadevaraya vishwavidyaalayam SVU PG Center)
Anantapur, shree sathyasai vishwavidyaalayam
puttaparti, shree venkateswar vishwavidyaalayam.
Tirupati, shree padmavathi mahilhaa vishwavidyaalayam
Tirupati, dravida vishwavidyaalayam
kuppam, jawar lall nehruu saankethika vishwavidyaalayam
Anantapur, Anantapur,JNTUA, shree venkateswar vaidyakalasala
Tirupati,shree venkateswar sangeeta nrutya kalaasaala.
Tirupati, prabhutva vydya kalaasaala.
Anantapur, rajiva ghandy intsitute af medically sciencu.
Kadapa,shree venkateswar ayurveda kalaasaala.
Tirupati, shree venkateswar praachya kalaasaala.
Tirupati,eandian intsitute af inparmeeshan teknolgy.
idupulapaya, eandian intsitute af inparmeeshan teknolgy.
Kurnool, eandian intsitute af inparmeeshan teknolgy.
sricity, damodaram sanjivaiah laaw vishwavidyaalayam.
Kadapa kendram, rastriya samskrutha vidyaapeetam.
Tirupati, shree venkateswar sampradhaya aalaya nirmaana shilpa samshtha kalaasaala.
Tirupati, royalaseema vishwavidyaalayam.
Kurnool, jawar lall nehruu saankethika vishwavidyaalayam.
inginiiring kalaasaala (JNTUA) pulivendala, shree venkateswar pasuvaidya vishwavidyaalayam.
Tirupati, shree venkateswar vyavasaya kalaasaala.
aachaarya ene, z.rangaa vyavasaya vishwavidyaalayam. Tirupati, vedha paatasaala.
dharmagiri,shree venkateswar vedha vishwavidyaalayam, tirumal, shree vidyaniketan edukeshanal trustee.
Tirupati, seinika paatasaala.
kalikiri, aandhra Pradesh recidential vidyaa samsthala sociiety.
paatasaala nundi degrey kalaasaala varku, Anantapur jalla, Kadapa jalla, Chittoor jalla, Kurnool jalla, vana sampadha.
anno arudaina vrukshaalu
pakshulu, aushadulu, janthuvulu ekkadi adavullo unnayi, kalivikodi.
erra chandanam
bagare Bally
devanga pilli
alwa
pashu sampadha (sunda pangolin)
punganuru jaati
chithraalu
ivi kudaa chudandi
royalaseema samskruthi
royalaseema jalasaadana samithi
royalaseema vidyaavantula vedhika
royalaseema hakkula ikya vedhika
annamaiah
Kurnool
nandyal
Kadapa
Anantapur
Chittoor
Tirupati
shree sathyasai
moolaalu
aadhara grandhaalu
velupali lankelu
AndhraPradesh bhougolikaamsaalu
royalaseema
Karnataka |
qannada (bharathadesamlooni nirutu praanthamlo unna raashtram: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ) visteerna prakaaram. dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe athipedda bhaaratadaesamloe arava athipedda raashtram, rastrala punarvyavastheekarana chattam aamodamto idi. nevemberu 1956 na erpadindi 1nijaniki mysur rashtramgaa toligaa pilichinaa. loo karnaatakagaa peruu marcharu,1973deeni rajadhani. athipedda Kota Bengaluru, karnaatakaku paschimaana arabian samudram.
vayuvyaana Goa, uttaraana Maharashtra, eshaanyaana Telangana, thuurpuna AndhraPradesh, aagneyaana TamilNadu, dakshinhaana Kerala sarihaddulugaa unnayi, migta. dakshinha bhartiya soodari raashtraalatho bhu sarihaddulu unna ekaika dakshinaadi raashtram idi 4 raashtram. idi . bhaaratadaesam motham bhaugoollika praanthamlo saatamgaa Pali 5.83 janaba lekkala prakaaram. 2011 mandhi nivaasitulatoe 61,130,704 janaba prakaaram enimidava athipedda raashtram, bharatadesa prachina bhashalalo okataina qannada. rashtramlo ekkuvaga matlade, adhikarika bhaasha alpasankhyaakulu matlade itara bhashalalo urdoo. konkini, maraatii, tulu, tamilam, telegu, maalaayaalaam, kodava, beri unnayi, karnaatakaloo bhaaratadaesamloe samskrutam pradhaanamgaa matlade konni gramalu kudaa unnayi . Karnataka.
aney peruu qannada padaalaina karu nadu nundi udbhavinchindi, karu antey. ettaina "aney ardhamtho" ettaina bhuumii "ani" nalupu , "aney ardhamtho" nallaniprantam "bayalu seema praanthamlo kanipincha pratthi pantaku anuvyna" (nallamatti aney ardhaalanu suchisthundi ) krushnaanadiki dakshinamgaa bhaaratadaesam. remdu vaipulaa vunna praantaaniki british paalakulu konnisarlu karnatak aney padaanni upayoginchaaru puraathana paatharaathiyugam kalamnati charithratho.
carnatic praantaanni athantha saktivantamaina puraathana madhyayuga bhaaratadaesam, samrajyala raajulu paripaalinchaaru yea saamrajyaalu poeshimchina tatvavettalu. sangeetakaarulu saamaajika, matha-sahithya udyamaalanu praarambhinchaaru, ivi neti varku konasaagutunnaayi. Karnataka. hinduusthaanii sampradhaayala bhartia shaastreeya sangeethaaniki Karnataka gananeeyamgaa dhohadhapadindhi, sthula rashtra utpatthi.
trillian thoo ₹16.99 talasari rashtra utpatthi, thoo ₹ 231,000 Karnataka bhaaratadaesamloe naalgava athipedda raashtram human abhivruddhi suuchikaloe. bhartiya raashtraalalo pantommidava sthaanamloo Pali rashtramloni itara mukhya nagaraalu mysuru.manguluru, Hubballi, Dharwad, bellary, belgaum , bhougolikam
karnaatakaku paschimaana arabian samudram
vayuvyaana Goa raashtram, uttaraana Maharashtra, thuurpuna Telangana, AndhraPradesh , thuurpuna, aagneyaana TamilNadu , nairutina Kerala rastralu sarihaddulugaa unnayi , bhougolikamgaa raashtram muudu pradhaana praantaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi.
sannani thira prantham.
padamati kanumalaku, - arabian samudraaniki madyana unna yea prantham lothattu praamthamu, ikda oa ostaru nundi bhari varshalu kurustaayi. padamati kanumalu.
yea parwatta srenulu sagatuna - meetarla ettuko cheratayi 900 varshapaatam ooka ostaru nundi bhaaree varshapaatam. dhakkan peethabhoomi.
karnaatakaloni chaaala matuku bhuubhaagamu yea praantamloonae Pali - prantham podigaa varshaabhaavamto sem. arid sthaayiloo Pali-Karnataka peruu elaa vachchinadi anedaaniki chaaala vaadanalunnaayi.
ayithe annitkante tarkabaddhamaina vaadhana aemitante Karnataka peruu karu. nadu+ettaina bhuumii nundi vachindani = gamaninchavalasina vishayamemante Karnataka rashtra sagatu etthu. adugulu migilina raashtraalatho polchithe ekkuvae 1500 rashtramlo athyadhika ushnograta.
centigrade Raichur oddha 45.6 mee 1928 na namodainadi 23atylpa ushnograta. degreela centigrade beedarlo 2.8 decemberu 1918 na namodainadi 16 bhaasha.
Karnataka
bhaasha aadhaarithamgaa yerpadina raashtram, andhuke raashtram unikilo idi mukhya patra pooshistundi. rashtramlo athyadhika sankhyaakulu adhikaara bhaasha kannadanu maatlaadataaru. telegu. tamilam, kodava, tulu, itara bhashalu , aardhika rangam.
Karnataka bharathadesamlooni paarisramikangaa abhivruddhi chendina raashtraalalo okati
deeni rajadhani Bengaluru desamlo samaachara saankethika sevalaku pradhaana kendram. bharathadesamlooni. bangaram utpaadana karnatakalone jarudutundhi 90% edvala manganese mudikhanism velikiteeta panlu bellary. hospet jillalalo mummaramgaa saagutunnaayi , charithra.
Karnataka charithra puraanha kaalamnaatidi
ramayanamulo vaali. sugriva, vanara saena yokka rajadhani pratuta bellari jillaaloni humpi ani bhaawistaaru , 'mahabharathamulo pandavas thama talli kuntitho vanavasam cheyuchunna kaalamlo bheemuniche champabadina kayara rakshasudu. hidimbasurudu pratuta Chitradurga jalla praanthamlo nivasinchuchundevadani kathanam ashokuni kalamnati silaasaasanaalu ikda labhinchina puraathana puraavastu adharalu. usa.
sha.poo.va sataabdamlo |
o shaathavahanulu yea prantham adhikaraniki vachi dadapu. 4samvastaralu paripaalinchaaru 300 yea vansha ksheeninchadamto uttaraana kaadambulu. dakshinhaana gaangulu adhikaraniki vachcharu, athantha ettaina gomateshwaruni ekasila vigraham gaangula kalamnati kattadame. Badami chalukyas. varku narmade nadhii teeramnundi kaavaerii nadi varku gala visthrutha praantaanni rendava pulakesi kaalam (500 - 735) nundi paripaalinchaaru (609 - 642) rendava pulakesi kanauj ku chendina harshavardhanunni kudaa odimchaadu. badhami chalukyas Badami. aihole, pattadakallo adbuthamaina raati kattadaalanu kattinchaaru , aihole nu deeshamuloo aalaya silpakalaku maatrubhoomulalo okatiga bhaawistaaru. viiri taruvaata. nundi 753 varku yea praantaanni paripaalinchina malkhed ku chendina raashtrakootulu kanauj paalakulapai kappam vidhincharu 973 yea kaalamlo qannada sahityam enthagaano abhivruddhi chendhindhi. jaina panditulu endaro viiri aasdhaanamloe undevaaru. nundi. 973 varku paripaalinchina kalyaanii chalukyas 1183 viiri saamantulaina halebidu hoyasalulu anek adbuthamaina devaalayaalanu kattinchi sahityam modalaina kalalanu prothsahincharu , mitakshara gramtham rachinchina nyaayavetta vigneshwara kalyaaniiloonee nivasinchaadu. veerasyva mataguruvaina basaveshwara kalyaaniiloonee mantrigaa undevaadu. vijayanagar saamraajyam dhesheeya sampradhaayalaku peddapeeta vaysi kalalanu. matham, samskrutha, qannada, telegu, tamila bhashalalo saahityamnu prothsahincharu , itara deshaalatho vaanijyam abhivruddhi chendhindhi. gulberga bahamani sulthanulu. beejapuru adhil , shaahee sulthanulu indosarsenic style anek kattadalu kattinchaaru-urdoo , percian saahityaalanu prothsahincharu, maraataa pishwa. tippoo sultanla pathanamtho mysuru raajyam , Karnataka (briteeshu paalanaloki vacchindi) bhartiya swaatantryaanantaram.
mysuru odiyar maharaju tana raajyaanni bhaaratadaesamloe vileenam chesudu, loo. 1950 mysuru rashtramgaa avatharinchadamtho, puurvapu maharaju kotthaga yerpadda raashtraaniki rajpramukh ledha gavarnaruga niyamitudayyaadu, vileenam tarwata odiyar kutumbaaniki prabhuthvam. varku bhatyam icchindi 1975 yea kutumba sabyulu ippatikee mysuruloni thama vamsapaaramparyamaina paalaace lonae nivasistunnaaru. nevemberu.
1956 na coorg raajyaanni 1 chuttupakkala unna madraasu, haidarabadu, bombaayi lalooni qannada matlade praantaalanu kalupukoni mysuru raashtram vistarimchi pratuta roopu santarinchukundi , aa rojunu rajyothsava dinamgaa aacharistaaru. nevemberu. 1973 na raashtram peruu Karnataka gaaa marchabadindhi 1 pakruthi sidda pradheeshaalu.
Karnataka anek jaateeya vanaalaku alavalam
andhulo mukyamainavi. bandipur jaateeya vanam
mysuru jalla - bannerghatta jaateeyavanam
Bengaluru jalla - naagar
hol jaateeyavanammysuru - kodaggu jillaalu, kudremukh jaateeyavanam
dakshinha qannada - chick, magaluru jillaaluaanshi jaateeyavanam
Uttar qannada jalla - ivae kaaka anek vanyapraani samrakshanaalayaalu.
abhayaaranyaalu unnayi, Shivamogga jillaaloni jog jalapaatam prapanchamloonee rendava ettaina jalapaatam.
rajakeeya naayakulu
siddaramiah
basavaraju bommai
umesh katti
orr
ashoka. v
somanna. ananthkumar
ashoke gastii
yess
nijalingappa. kao
hetch.muniyappa.ke
orr.ramesh kumar.ke
yess.eshwarappa. govindh karjol
gorge fernadez
jairam ramesh
di
v.sadhaanamdha gauda.d
ke.sheva kumar. d
ke.suraes. bantwal vaikunta baaliga
b
sreeramulu.yasodara dasappa
ramkrishna hegdae
veerappa moily
j
sea. madhuswamy. yess
angaara. araaga gnanendra
sea
ene.ashwat narayan. sea
sea.patil. anand sidhu
prabhu chouhan
kota shreeniwas poojary
arabail hebbar sivaram
murugesh nirani
jillaalu
Karnataka jillaalu chudandi
vimaanaasrayaalu.
Bengaluru
manguluru, mysuru, belgaum, Hubballi, aanakattalu
vaani vilaasa saagara
punyakshethraalu
gokarna
manjunath alayam
dharmasthala, sahasralinga deevaalayam
ivikuda chudandi
carnatic jaanapadha kalalu
qannada
carnatic mukhyamantrula jaabithaa
kalyaana Karnataka
moolaalu
bayati linkulu
Hassan
loni hoysala paryatanaKarnataka patamu
Karnataka rashtra paryaataka saakha
Karnataka paryatana
Karnataka rashtra prabhuthvamu
Karnataka prabhutva samaachara saakha
Karnataka charithra
samskruthika ansaalu , bharatadesa rastralu
pranthalu, dakshinha bhaaratadaesam
cumbum |
AndhraPradesh raashtam, prakasm jalla, cumbum Mandla loni janaganhana pattanham, idi cumbum mandalaaniki. kendram chaarithraka pattanham, cumbum pattanham.oddha Pali 15,5669 ° N 79,1167 ° E idi samudra mattaaniki.meetarla 184 adugulu (606 etthulo Pali) graama charithra.
gundika veeraanjaneyaswaamivaari alayam gundlakammanadi odduna
nagampally "paata gramam Pali" moghul saamraajyam paripalana kaalamlo nayak viidhi. paarku viidhi, koneti viidhi, main bazaaru kalupukoni, gulshanabad "paata gramam Pali" prasthutham nyuu Delhi records loo kudaa. gulshanabad "ani Pali" gulshanabad. "cumbum" (va sataabdamloo) 17 janaba undedi 6000 apatlo. gulshanabad "cumbum" (nagara paalaka samshtha) munispality (Pali) shree krishnadevarayala vijayanagar rajavamsam raanee varadarajamma. jaganmohini raanee (paripalana kaalamlo peddha cumbum) chinnakambham, peruu gala varini cheruvu aanakattaku, thoomulu (kattabade godaku varini bali danam chesaru) vaari chihnamgaa. cumbum "prasthutham ani piluv badutundi" shasanalu.
kambhamlo remdu shasanalu labhyamainavi
modhatidhi. loo ourangazeb 1706paripalana kaalamlo cumbum kota khiladar khajaa mohd Sharif maranam girinchi prastaavistundi remdavadi. loo moghul 1729chakraverthy mohd shaw paripalana kaalamlo cumbum guvernor mohd khayyum kumarudu mohd sahin girinchi prastaavistundi sameepa gramalu.
chinakambham
ki-4 mee.nagulavaram, * ki - 4 mee.dhargaa, * ki - 5 mee.janganguntla, * ki-5 mee.kandulapuram, * ki- 4 mee.janaba ganankaalu,
janaba lekkala prakaaram
2011 kumbham pattanha paridhiloo motham, kutumbaalu nivasistunnaayi 3,769 motham janaba.andhulo 15,169, mandhi purushulu Dum 7,588 mandhi strilu unnare, 7,581 sagatu ling nishpatthi. cumbum pattanhamloo 999. samvatsaraala vayassu gala pellala janaba 0-6 idi motham janaabhaalo 1624, gaaa Pali 11%samvatsaraala Madhya. 0-6 mandhi maga pillalu 825 mandhi aada pillalu unnare, 799 pellala ling nishpatthi. idi sagatu ling nishpatthi 968, kante takuva (999) aksharasyatha motham raetu.avibhaajya prakasm jalla 78.7%.aksharaasyathatho polisthe kumbham adhika aksharaasyatanu kaligi Pali 63.1% purushula aksharasyatha raetu. streela aksharasyatha raetu 89.12% ravaanhaa soukaryalu 68.36%.
raashtram rahadari vinukonda
nandyal-Kadapa Vijayawada-guntakal pattanham meedugaa unnayi-dakshinha Madhya railway Guntur deveeson Guntur. guntakal railway line margamlo Pali-vidyaa soukaryalu.
loo sthaapinchina prabhuthvam unnanatha paathasaalatho paatu gurukul paatasaala
1938 mari itara praivetu paatasaalalunnaayi, loo sthaapinchina prabhuthvam juunior kalaasaalatoe paatu gurukul juunior kalaasaala. 1938 mari itara praivetu juunior kalaasaalalunnaayi,prabhuthvam degrey kalaasaalatoe paatu. palu privete degrey kalashalalu, diidi kalashalalu, bidi kalashalalu, paaraamedikal kalaasaalalunnaayi, vydya saukaryam.
stanika vaidyavidhaana parishattu vaidyasaalatoe paatu palu privete vaidyasaalalunnaayi
byankulu.
dhi cumbum koo
operative toun Banki lemited thoo paatu palu prabhuthvaranga byankulu sevalandistunnayi-cumbum cheruvu.
cumbum cheruvu aandhra Pradesh
prakasm jalla cumbum loo Pali, yea cheruvu. va sataabdamloo gundlakamma nadhipai srikrishna 15devarayulu kaalamlo yea cheruvunu nirminchaaru asiya khandanlone human nirmitamaina cheruvullo athipeddadi.cumbum cheruvu.kilometres paridhiloo vistarimchi Pali 23.95 tmcla neeti nilwa saamarthyam kaligi Pali.3 conei edvala pudika kaaranamgaa. tmclalca parimitam ayinadi 2 yea cheruvu dwara. ekaraalaku saguniru cherutundi 6,944 prasthutham cumbum cheruvu ayakattu paridhiloo arati.pasupu, shanaga, vari vento pantalu virivigaa pandistunnaru, lakshala janaba taaguneeti samasya teerustundi. 2 yea cheruvu.sarlu Bara purtiga nindindi 9 adi kudaa. purtiga nindindi 1917, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1956, 1966, 1975, 1983, 1996,2005,2020 rajakiyalu.
cumbum pattanham
varku ooka cumbum assembli niyojakavargamlo bhaagamgaa Pali 2009 taruvaata cumbum niyojakavargam punarvyavastheekarinchi.giddaluru niyojakavargamlo vileenam chesaru, darsaneeya pradheeshaalu.
devalayas/shree venkateswaraswamivara alayam
kaapuveedhi (shree varadarajamma vaari alayam)
charthraathmaka cumbum cheruvukattapai venchesiyunnadi:- shree kashivishweshwara shree koteshwaraswamivari alayam
shivalayam (yea alayam):- cumbum, porumamilla margamlo-gundika nadi odduna Pali, shree ankaalamma ammavaru alayam.
yea alayam cumbum cheruvu anicut oddha Pali:- kandulapuram yandu fire steshion daggara gala kondapaina.
shree mastan vali swamy dhargaa Pali, jummamassid.
loo bhaaratadaes |
am 1629 dakshinha (chakraverthy kattinchaaru) gacchu kaluva masjidh.
loo moghul 1729 chakraverthy mohd shaw kattinchaaru bestavaripeta povu daarilo masjidh nu ourangazeb.
paripalana kaalamlo kattinchaaru gundlakamma nadi girinchi.
maarchilo ooka teliyanu kalakarudu chitrikarinchaadu 1794 yea chitram painting ippatikee british laibrariiloe Pali. graama pramukhulu.
abdoul ghafoor
khurran "nu modhatisaarigaa saralikarinchina kambhamvasi peruu moulvi abdoul ghafoor"islampai mamakaaramtho abdoul ghafoor loo kambhamlo tana nivaasam pakkane maseedh nirmimchaadu 1946aa tarwata uttarapradesh vellhi darul ulum devband. loo moulvi course porthi chesuduapati nunchi atani peruu moulvi abdoul ghafoor. gaaa marindikontha kaalam Kurnool islamia arabek collegeelo prinsipal. gaaa panichesaaruprasthutham aa kalaasaala enka Pali. yea nepathyamlo tana kala saakaaram cheskovadaniki prinsipal padhaviki raajeenaamaa chesar. kambhamlo athanu nirmimchina maseedulo kurchoni kharan. nubhaagaalugaa theluguloki anuvadinchaadu 3 idhey samayamlo oa vaipu arabek lipi. dani pakkane telugulipi, mro pakka porthi telugulo ardhamtoo paatu, inglishu lipi kudaa raasadu, natiki pustakam mudrana poortichesukundi. 1948 ghafoor. khurran.. thoo paatu mohd pravaktha jeevita charithramishkat Sharif pusthakaalanu, rachinchadu intaniki iddharu magapillalu.muguru ammayilunnatlu telisindhi, khurran anuvaadham tarwata macca velladu. ayithe macca yaatra chosen photolu undakoodadani vatini tagulabettarata. ghafoor anuvaadham tarwata. loo Vijayawada vaasi hameedullah Sharif 1978urduulooni khurran.. nu theluguloki anuvadinchaaduislaamlooni amsaalanu theliyajese khurran muslimlaku athantha pavitramaindi.ranjaan maasamloo avatarinchina yea divya gramtham shanthi. samaanatvam.. seva gunaalaku prateekagaa nilustundi.. gatamlo itara bhashallone anuvaadamaina khurran. nu elagaina theluguloki tharjumaa chessi rashtra prajalaku ankitamivvaalane aaloochana mottamodatigaa cumbum vaasiki kaligindiarabek. urdoo, inglish, hiindi vento, ki paigaa vividha bhaashallo achchayina khurran appatikinka telegu prajalaku sarigaa andubaatuloki raaledhu 30dheenipai kalatha chendina abdoul ghafoor chivaraku telugulo saralikarinchaaru. thyagaraju.
mee (1767 janavari 4 - 1847 Karnataka sangeeta trimuurtulaloo okadu 6) tyaagyya. thyagabrahma aney paerlato prasiddudu, nadopasana dwara bhagavanthuni telusukovacchani niroopinchina goppa vaaggeyakaarudu. atani sankeertana sriramuni pai atanikigala vishesha bhakthini. vedaalapai, upanishattulapai atanaki unna gnaanaanni teliyaparustaayi, upanayanam taruvaata tandrigaari bodhalu. va eta ramakrishnananda parabrahmam upadesam chosen rama shadakshari manthra prabavam, 18talli alavarchina bakthi sangeethaalu baalyamlone beejankuralai tyaaga rajaswamy vaariloo moorteebhavinchaayi, thyagaraju pratuta cumbum mandalamlo kakarla anu gramamlo telegu vaidika braahmanha kutumbamlo.loo janminchaadu 1767 thyagaraju kakarla ramabrahman. kakarla siitamma dampatula mudava santhaanam, intani janmanamam kakarla tyaaga brahmam viiru muriginadu telegu brahmin. trilinga vaideekulu.ethandi puurveekulu pratuta prakasm jalla cumbum mandalamlo kakarla anu gramam nundi tamila deeshaaniki valasa veltaru. puula subbiah kambhamlo janminchaadu.
loo cumbum panchaayatiiki vaardu sabhyuluga potichesi odipoyadu. 1952appudu maarkaapuraaniki makaam marchi. nyayavadiga peruu prakhyatulu sampaadhinchi, tirigi aaru samvatsaraala taruvaata, raajakiyaalaloki vachi, yerragondapalem saasanasabhaku sea, p.ai.abhyarthiga potichesi.modati prayatnamlone vision saadhimchaadu, adae sthaanamloo. lonoo 1967 lonoo, 1978markapuram nundi saasanasabhyulugaa ennikainaadu, various caruvu kaatakaalato kudelavuchunna annadaatala chintalu teerchetanduku. veligonda prajectu Bara parishkaaramani thalachi, praja poraataala dwara prabhuthvaaniki disanirdesam chesaru, falithamgaa muudu jillala varadaayini . velugonda praajaktu, "nirmananiki adugulu padinavi" atani sevalaku gurthugaa prabhuthvam. yea jalaasayaaniki, puula subbiah veligonda prajectu "ani naamakaranam chesindi" okaraina shyaamashaastri.
pramukha injaneeru mokshagundam vishweshwarayya puurveekulu ekkadi vaare, pradhaana pantalu.
cheraku
vari, tamota, arati, pasupu,pradhaana vruttulu
vyavasaayam
moolaalu
velupali lankelu
produtturu |
AndhraPradesh rashtramlo vaiesar jillaaloo Kadapa pattanhaaniki, ki mee l dooramlo unna 55 pattanham ikda muktiramalingeswara alayam. kanyakaa parameshwari deevaalayam valana, pramukha yaatraasthalam bagare. vendi nagalu, battala vyaapaaraalaku kendram, janaganhana ganankaalu.
janaganhana prakaaram pattanha janaba
2011 pattanha paripalana 1,63,970.
produtturu purapaalaka sangham
pattanha paripalana nirvahisthundhi vidyaa soukaryalu.
vai
yess. orr. inginiiring kalaasaala. utpattulu.
yea pattanham
chuttupakkala pallelandu vari, jonna, pratthi, proddu tirugudu, shanaga, kusuma, pasupu, vary sanakkaayalu, kandi, alasanda ekkuvaga pandisthaaru, enda kaalamulo karbooja. kalingara, dosakayalu pandisthaaru, paala kosamu barrelu ekkuvaga penchutaru. parisramalu.
vary sanakkaayala nunchi nune theeyu gaanugalu
nalla raayini raati ganulanundi velikiteeyatam
sanabettatam, paryaataka aakarshanalu
muukti rameshwaram
muukti rameshwaralayam paykana nadhigaa piluvabadee pinaakinii nadi odduna Pali
sthala puranam.
puraanha kadhala prakaaram lankaadhipatiyaina raavanudu saakshaattuu braham manumadu
andu chetha brahmanudu. sriramudu ravanudini samharinchina tarwata ooka braahmanudini champinanduku braham hathya paatakam ramudini ooka pilli ruupamloe ventabadindi. daaninunchi vimuktudu kaavadaniki shree ramudu dandakaaranyamlo sivalimgaanni pratishtinchi poojinchaalanukonnaadu. pinaakinii nadhii tiiraana gala yea praantaanni pavithramainadhigaa bhaavimchi ikade shivlinga prathista cheyadanki nischayinchukonnaadu. muhurtam nirnayinchi. kaasi nunchi sivalimgaanni temmani hanumantudini pampaga, hanumandhara sakaalamloe tirigi raleka pooyaadu, daamtoe ramude paykana nadi loni isukatho ooka lingaanni thayaru chessi pratishtinchaadu. adi saikata lingam. isuka lingam (gaaa perugaanchindi)kaasi nunchi aalasyamgaa tirigi vacchina hanumandhara adi chusi nochukunnadu.
daamtoe shree ramudu atadiki santosham kaligetatlu saikata linganiki edhurugaa kontha dooramlo hanumandhara kaasi nunchi tecchina lingaanni kudaa pratishtinchaadu. andhuke aakshetraalni ramalingeshwara kshetram. hanuma kshethram ani pilustharu, ramudu modati puuja kaasi lingaanikii. tharuvaathi puuja saikata lingaanikii jarigetatlu anugrahinchadu, yea pratishtalu ayina tarwata pilli paykana nadi oddu dhaaka nadachi adrusyamaindata. pilli padaala gurthulu akada unnaayantaaru. pilli nadhiloo digina chotunu. pilli kunda "antaruu" ramalingeshwara swamiki prakkana rajarajeswari. shree chakram pratishtinchaaru, aalaya praamganamloo vighneshwara. veerabhadrudu, subrahmanyaswamy unnare, chaithra maasamloo purnima nundi padi roojulu brahmotsavaalu jaruguthai.
kaarthika somavaaraallo bhakthulu visheshangaa vastharu. yea aalayaniki. prakkana, venuka iddharu munula aalayalunnaayi, sthalapuraanam prakaaram shree ramudu sheva lingaanni proddu podavaka mundhey tayyaru chessi pratishtinchaadu.
andhuke yea oorini produtturu antaruu. yea kshethra pratishtatoo ramudu brahmahatya paatakam nunchi vimukthini pondadu. andhuke yea ksheytraanni muukti rameshwaram antaruu. aalaya charithra.
saasanaala prakaaram shree krushnadevaraayalu yea deevaalayam medha iidu antastula gopuram nirmimchaadu
gopuram chuttura chekkina anek mandhi devatala andamina vigrahalu aa aati shilpula panitanaannii. saamarthyaannii cheppakane chebutaayi, sthalapuraanam prakaaram shree ramudu sheva lingaanni proddu podavaka mundhey tayyaru chessi pratishtinchaadu. andhuke yea oorini produtturu antaruu. ramalingeshwara alayam.
yea kshethra dhaivam lingaroopamlo umdae shree ramalingeswarudu
yea sheva lingaanni pratishtinchindi sriramudu. andhuke deeniki rameshwaramani peruu. angulhaala ettunde yea lingam medha shree ramudi vely mudhralu ippatikee unnayi. 56 ikadiki konni adugula dooramlone shree hanumath lingeshwar kshetramundi. hanmanthudu kaasi nunchi teesuku vacchina sheva lingaanni sriramudu pratishtinchindi ikade. shree ramalingeshwara alayam prakkanae shree rajarajeswari alayam kudaa Pali. ikda. aadata shankaracharyulu puujinchina shree chakra yantram "Pali" yea chakra prabavam olle yea pattanham bagaa abhivruddhi chendindani produtturu vaasulu balamga vishwasistaaru. yea shree chakra yantraanni puujinchina variki koorikalannii thiri jeevitamlo sukhasaantulu kalugutayani ooka nammakamundi. silpakalha.
muukti ramalingeswaralayam suvisaalamaina sthalamlo nirmimchina peddha alayam
andamina shilpaalatho alarare aidanthasthula rajagopuram chuuparulaku kanuvindu chesthundu. yea alayam chuttuu rakshana choose nirmimchina talupulato balamaina godalunnayi. yea aalaya gopuranni sreekrushnadevaraayalu nirminchaadani prateeti. kumarswamy. durga divi, natya ganapathy, sivapaarvatulu, garuda vaahanam meedunde vishnhuvu, kaaliiya mardhanam chese krishnudu modalaina vigrahalu puurva kalapu shilpula kalaa naipunyaaniki nidarsanaalugaa unnayi, agastyeswaralayam.
yea alayanni nandicholudu nirmimchaadu
saaluva anarsa nayakan abhivruddhi chesudu. yea alayam sahithya samskruthika kaaryakrammalaku kaanaachigaa undedi. |
mahaa kavi puttaparthy narayanacharyulu yea alayamlone. sivatandavam 'kavyanni vraasaadu' yea aalayaniki ettaina praakaaraalunnaayi.
yea aalaya praamganamloo agastyeshwarudu. rajarajeswari, bheemalingeswarudu, sundareshwarudu, kodandaramaswamy aalayalunnaayi, agastyeshwarudu moodadugula lingakaramlo unaadu. antaraalayamlo veerabhadrudu. kaartikeyudu, ganapathy unnare, alayaniki mundhu pushkarani undedi. dhaanini puudchi maarket complexu nirminchaaru. prathi savatsaram agastyeshwara swamiki vaisakha sudhad saptami nunchi padi rojula paatu brahmotsavaalu nirvahistaaru. rajarajeswari deeviki aasveeyuja sudhad paadyami nunchi dashmi varakuu dusshera utsavaalu athantha vaibhavamgaa nirvahistaaru. kanyakaa parameshwari alayam.
produtturu nagara keerthiki thalamaanikam shree vasavi kanyakaa parameshwari alayam
shree vasavi kanyakaa parameshwari divi ammavaru vaisya kula devatha ayinava hinduvulandaruu ammavaarini darsistuu untaruu. usa. sha.loo yea devaalayaanni stapincharu. 1890kamisetti kondayya aney vaisyuniki ammavaru kalalo kanipinchi tana choose deevaalayam nirminchavalasindigaa aadaesimchimdi. aayana. marikondaru vaisya pramukhulu kalisi yea devaalayaanni nirminchaaru, yea aalayamloo dusshera utsavaalu ghananga nirvahistaaru. chivari roeju amma vaari ooregimpunaku sumaarugaa. lakshala mandhi bhakthulu vastharu 2 dusshera utsavaalalo mysuru tarwata prodduturune chepukovaali. aalayaniki ettaina galigopuram Pali. mukha dvaralu shilpakalatho viraajillutunnaayi. puraanagaathalu telipae siplaalu manoharamgaa untai. ammavaru janma vruttaamtam telipae chaayaachitraalunnaayi. mahathmaa ghandy. loo (1929 srugerii peetaadhipatulu), kamchi kamakoti peetaadhipatulu modhalagu pramukhulu yea alayanni darsinchaaru, dusshera utsavaalu.
loo nirmimchina vasavi kanyakaa parameshwari devasthaanamlo
1890nundi angaranga vaibhavamgaa dusshera utsavaalu jaruputunnaaru 1895 sarannavaraatri utsavaalu stanika arya vaisya sangham aadhvaryamloo ghananga jaruguthai. yea utsavaalalo bhaagamgaa vijayadasami roejuna jarigee gramotsavam. totti meravani athantha pradhaanamienavi, ayyapa swamy alayam.
prodduturuku kothha sobha paykana nadhii teeramlo nirminchabadina ayyapa swamy deevaalayam
ekkadi prakruthi andalu ollu pulakarimpa jesthayi. loo vigrahaanni panchaloohaalatoo nirminchaaru. 1991 yea vigraham. angulhaala etthu 21 kilograamula baruvu Pali, 110 Tirupati sameepamloni tiruchanur vaastavyulaina tirumalaachaaryulane silpi yea vigrahanni tayyaru chesudu.shilpa kalaa naipunhyamtoonuu. gaaligopuraalatoonuu devaalayaanni chudamuchhatagaa nirminchaaru, mana rashtramlo bhaaree vyayamtho nirmimchina ayyapa devalayallo idokati.nirmaana vyayam. (lakshalu 60 aalaya praamganamloo.) adugula etthu 22 adugula vedalputho shivuni shirassu nirminchaaru, 11 rashtramloni yaatrikulu yea ayyapa swaamini darsinchukuni sabrimala yaatra chestaaru.srisrisree veerabrahmendra.
govindamambala alayam, produtturu ku sameepamlo rameshwaram
artpp roddu, pennanadi teeramlo nirminchabadina srisrisree veerabrahmendra, govindamambala alayam, Kadapa jalla,
produtturu pattanham pavithra pennanadi tiiraana velasina srisrisree veerabrahmendra, govindamambala aalaya samudaaya aasramamunu kee, shee॥puurvapu gurug shree bhagavan naryana swamulavaari aasiissulatoe॥ sthala daatha shree tellaakula sivayyashreshti
gaari kutumbeekulu, nirmaana daatha, asrama dharmakarta kee, shee॥kottooru yallareddy garu mariyu sishyulu॥ bhaktula aardika sahaya sahakaaramulatoo kalyaana mandapam, itara nirmaanamulanu nirminchinaaru, gta. samvatsaramulugaa shree brahmangaari aaradhana mahotsavamulanu 31 bhaktula aardika sahaya sahakaaramulatoo athantha vaibhavopetamugaa nirvahinchuchunnaamu
indhulo bhagamuga vividha oorlanundi mariyu produtturu. aiza, carnatic nundi bhakthulu paalgoni swamulavaari anugrahamu pondiyunnaaru, aiza.
carnatic nundi bhakthulu paalgoni swamulavaari anugrahamu pondiyunnaaru, kavuna yea savatsaram pratuta gurug brahmapatha. braham yoganand daa, shree krishnamaachaaryulu guruvu gaari|| paryavekshanalo jarugu aaradhana mahotsavamulalo paalgoni thama aardika sahaya sahakaaramulanu andinchi swamulavaari krupaku paatrulagudurani koruchunnamu
shree avdhot krishnaiah swamy alayam.
yea alayam produtturu pattanamlooni vai
em.orr.colonylo Pali. shree geetashramam.
produtturu shivalayam kuudalilooni yea asrama vyavasthaapakulu naamaa erukalayya
nevemberu. 2020,na-15yea asramamlo, naamaa erukalayya, kamalakshammala aaraadhanootsavaalu praarambhamainavi, yea sandarbhamgaa. graamasthulu, bhakthulu, aayana chitrapataaniki poolamaalalu vaysi nivaalulu arpinchaaru, yea utsavaalu. varku nirvahinchedaru 23-11-2020 itara alayalu.
produtturu nunchi jammalamadugu vellae daarilo produtturu naanukuni unna bollavaram gramamlo vijayanagar raajulu nirmimchina venkateswar |
chenna kesava, venugopaala, aunjaneya swamy alayalu, raamaalayam unnayi, proddutuuruloo chaaala varku shree chaudeshwari ammavaru devalayas oonnaayi. produtturu.
rameshwaram (orr) - ti.p.p.rahadaarilooni ashtabhuji shree chaudeshwari aalayamloo. shree chaudeshwari vigraha muurti, adugula ettayinadi 50 narasimhapuram gramam produtturu pattanhaaniki padamara disaloo.
produtturu, jammalamadugu rahadari loo - produtturu nundi, kimi l dooramlo Pali 6 yea gramamlo puraathana lakshmi narasimhaswami alayamu okati Pali. gudiyandali shilpa kalani gamaninchinatlayite vijayanagar raajula chivari kaalamlo anagaa. va sathabdam chivaraloo nirminchinatlugaa anukovacchu 17narasimhaapuranki padamati disaloo polaalaloo ooka puraathana sivaalayamu Pali. indulooni sivalingamuni anjaneyudu pratishtinchaadu ani cheppukuntaru. itara visheshaalu
loo jaatipita mahathmaa ghandy
1929vasavi kanyakaa parameshwari alayanni sandarsinchaaru, aayana vellina maargaanni ghandy rooddugaa pilustharu. idi proddutuuruloo ooka mukhya vaanijya maargamu. ivichudandi.
produtturu saasanasabha niyojakavargam
moolaalu
velupali linkulu
produtturu pattanha Datia
vis
orr jalla pattanhaalupennanadi ledha pennar anede dakshinha bharathadesapu ooka nadi |
paykana nadi. Uttar pinakini (Karnataka rashtramlo kolaru sameepaanagala nandidurga kondalalooni chennakesava kondallo putti nandy parwatta shrenula gunda) ki 40 mee.pravahinchi. shree sathyasai jillaaloo aandhrapradeshlo praveshisthundi akkadi nunchi. ki 597 mee.Anantapur jalla. vis, orr jallashree potti sreeramulu nelluuru jillalalo pravahinchi nellooruku eesaanyamgaa, ki 20 mee.dooramlo ootukooru daggara bangaalaakhaatamlo kalustundi. paykana pravaaham.
upanadulu, paykana nadhiki gala mukhyamaina upanadulu
kumudavati: jayamangala, chitravati, kunderu, paapaghni, sagileru, cheyyeru, boggeru, biraperu, paykana nadi pariivaahaka prantham. cha 55,213 ki.mee.vyaapimchi Pali. idi bhartiya deeshapu motham visteernamlo. idi aandhra Pradesh 1.7%. cha (48,276 ki.mee.Karnataka.), cha (6,937 ki.mee.raashtraalalo vistarimchi Pali.) pennanadi palakondala oddha pravaaham sannaga umtumdi.
tadupari kunderu. cheyyeru vento chinna pravaahaala dwara tirigi jammalamadugu oddha nundi peddha nadhigaa maarutunnadi, akkadi nunchi yea nadi Kadapa jillaaloo potladurthy. hanumanagutti, kogatam, pushpagiri, chennuru, lingampalle, jyothy kshethram, siddavatam graamaalanu aanukoni pravahinchi somasila rejarvaayar nu cherutundi, pushpagiri sameepamlo paapaghni. kumudwati, valkala, mandavi nadulu pennaloo kalusthaayi, andhuke pushpagiri ksheytraanni panchanadeekshetramantaaru. paykana nadi parivaahaka rajyalau.
kotalu, gadikota
idi aandhra Pradesh rashtramloni Kadapa jalla jammalamadugu taaluukaaloo paykana nadi odduna gala ooka durgam: erramala parwatta shraeniki. parwatta paadamlo pravahinchae paykana nadi will yerpadina gandi muulangaa yea kootaku gadikota aney peruu vacchindi, yea iruku loyallo nadi vedalpu. adugulaku minchadu 300 adugula diguvana padamati. 300 Uttar disalaloo pravahinchae paykana nadi, kota lopaliki variki balamaina, sahajasiddhamaina rakshana kavachamulaantidi, siddavatam kota.
daksina vaipu paykana nadi: migilina muudu vaipula lothaina agadtalato satruvulu pravaesinchaenduku veelu kanni riithiloo yea kota nirminchabadindi, matli anantaraju siddavatam mattikotanu satrudurbhedyamaina raatikotagaa nirmimchaadu. matli raajula patanam tarwata ourangajebu seenaani miir jumla siddavataanni aakraminchi paalinchaadu. aa tarwata arcatu nawabulu siddavataanni swaadheenam cheskunnaru. kadapanu paalisthunna abdoul nabikhan. loo siddavataanni tana aadheenamloki thechhukonnaadu 1714appatnunchi Kadapa nawabulu siddavatam kota nunche paalinchaevaaru. paykana nadhiki varadhalu vachinappudalla siddhavataaniki bayati prapanchamthoo sambandhaalu tegipotu umdadamtoe paalanaakendraanni kadapaku marcharu. prasthutham Kadapa nagaranaki. pennetiki Madhya dooram dadapu, kilometres 5 paykana nadi medha prajektulu.
somasila prajectu
sangam byaarejeeki gautham reddy peruu pratipaadana
shree potti sreeramulu nelluuru jillaaloo paykana nadhipai nirmaanamlo unna sangam byaarejeeki mekapati gautham reddy peruu pedatamani AndhraPradesh assembli vedikagaa seeyem vis ysjagan mohun reddy prakatinchaadu
moolaalu.
bayati linkulu
pennanadi pariivaahaka praanta patamu
shree sathyasai jalla nadulu
Anantapur jalla nadulu
vis
orr jalla nadulushree potti sreeramulu nelluuru jalla nadulu
paykana nadi
himaalayaalalo unna nepaalu raajyam |
nepaul prajaasvaamya udyamaaniki poorvam prapanchamlooni ekaika hinduism raajyam, 2006 idi dakshinha aasiyaalo chainaa. teebet, bharatadesala sarihaddulato Pali, idi ooka bhoopariveshtita desam. laand (lockecharithra)
nepaul ku Churu samvatsaraala peddha charithra Pali
kirant ledha kirati anede. va leka 7va sataabdamulaloo turupu nundi valasa vacchina 8charithrakarulaku telisina modati thega, gauthama buddhudu creesthu puurvamu. loo nepaul 563lonae janminchaaducreesthu poorvam. va sataabdamloo asoekudu kudaa Uttar bharathamdesamtho baatu ippati nepaul loni dakshinha praantaalanu 2himalya parwatta pranthalu ashokuni saamraajyamlo leavu (paripalinchadu) asoekudu rumminidevi anu praamthamuna ooka stambhamunu nelakolpinaadu. syayambhunadh anuchota kondaku padamati bhagamu konni buddhist kattadamulanu kattinchinatlu cheppabaduchundenu, antekaka asoekudu tana kumarte ayina chaarumatini devapatan anu praamthamuna nivasinchu sukshyatriyudu agu ooka buddhist dharmadeekshaaparaayanuki vivahamu chesinatlu kondaru caritrakarulu cheppuchunnaru. ashokuni anantaramu magadh saamraajyamu vichchinnamayipoyindi. itara deshamulathopaatu nepaladesamu kudaa saamraajyantarbhaagamuna nundutanu viraminchukonenu. yea visaeshamu jargina pimmata chalakalamu varku antaga neepaala deeshapu charithra evvariki teliyakundedidi. kanni crreestu venuka. samvathsara praantamandu guptavamseeyudu 340 bhaaratasaamraajyaadhipati agu samudraguptudu neepaala desamunu thaanu jayinchina desamula pattiiloo perkonenu, idiyee alahabad stambha saasanamandii patteekaladu. creesthu sakam. natiki buddhist saamraajyaanni hindus antamondinchi 200 lichchavi vamsa paripaalananu praarambhinchaaru, neepaala desamuna nagavasamu.
anuperugala goppa sarovaramu nundenata (Now Called Lake Table Land) idi mikkili lotukaladai asankhyaakamuga neeti pakshulatho manoharamuga aavrutamai yoppuchundenu, yea sarovaramuna karkotakudagu. nagaraju paripaalinchuchundenu 'aa kaalamulo nagasarovaramulo okka tamaramokka ayinava molavakundedidata. itlundagaa antaku chalakalamu krindata vindumatii nagaramunundi vipasya buddhudu yea sarovaramunaku vacchinappudu athadoka thaamara mokka mantrinchi yea sarovaramuna paravaichi. yea thaamara pushpinchinanaadu swayambhuvudagu buddabhagavaanudu jyotivale bhakthulaku kanapadunani "cheppi vedilipoyinaadata" yea kaaranamuchetane syayambhoonath. bod, nath devalayamulandu jyothy eallappudu veluguchune undunuatupimmata sikhibuddhudu nagavasamandu nirvaanamu pondhenu. aa taruvaata vishwabhoobuddhudu. bodhisatvudu nagavasamulo tappassu nonarchaaru, yea bodhisatvudine kondaru. manjushree "ani pilichedaru" yea manjushree anu naatadu kondaru chainaa deshamu vaadani. marikondaru aandhrudani marikondaru cheppuchunnaru, va samvatsaramlo lichchavi vamsaanni Dispur thaakuurlu.
900varini Dispur mallulu paripaalanaku vachcharu, valle. va sathabdam varakuu paalincharu 18loo prudhvi narayan shaw aney goorkha raju khatmandunu aakraminchukunnadu. 1768 loo nepaalu inglishu vaarithoo iddam chesindi. 1814dhi aangloo nepalese vaaa (loo sugauli sandhitho yea iddam mugisindhi). 1816inglishu variki Sikkim nu. dakshinha bhagalanu ichchiveyadamto inglishu varu venudirigaaru, conei. loo bharathadesamlooni sipayila thirugubatunu anachiveyadamlo inglishu variki sahaayapadinanduku gaand ingleeshuvaaru dakshinha praantaalanu tirigi ichchivesaaru 1857shaw vamsaanni.
loo geng bahaddur rana antamondinchi deesha paripaalananu tana chetiloki teeskunnadu 1846deenikosam atadu dadapu konni vandala mandhi raakumaarulanu. thegala nayakulanu antamondinchaadu, daanne quote uchakoeta antaruu (va samvathsaramu varakuu raanaalu vaarasatva pradhaana mamtrulugaa nepaalanu paripaalinchaaru). 1948bhartiya deeshaaniki swatantrayam vacchina ventane tribhuvan aney crotha raju nepaalu paalanaku raavadaaniki bhaaratadaesam sahaayapadindi. neepaalii kaangresu parti erpadadaaniki kudaa sahaayapadindi. raju tribhuvan kumarudaina raju mahender prajaasvaamya prayogaanni. paarlamentunu raddhu chessi, partylu laeni panchayath paddathi dwara nepaalunu paripalinchadu, atani kumarudu birender simhaasanaanni adhirohinchaadu. athanu kudaa. varakuu panchayath paddhatine anusarinchaadu 1989 kanni prajala aamdolana tarwata balavantamgaa raajyaamga maarpulanu aamodinchaadu. mee nelaloe dadapu yabai samvatsaraala taruvaata nepaalalo ennikalu jarigaay. 1991 neepaalii congresses parti. kammoonistu paarteelaku ekuva otlu dakkayi, e parti kudaa remdu samvatsaraala kanna ekuva kaalam paripalinchaleka poindhi. ndhuku kaaranamgaa prajopayoga karyakramalalo maarpu lekapovatam. avineeti roogam lagaa maarataanni chupistharu, phibravari.
loo mavoistu parti prajaasvaamyaanni marchi 1996 saamyavaadaanni sthapinchabadam choose viplavamathmaka dhoranini enchukoni praja yuddhaanni praarambhinchindi, adae aa tarwata antaryuddhamgaa maari. vaela mandhi maranaaniki dhaaritheesindhi 10 nepaalu prabhutva recordula prakaaram.
juun 2001, nadu simhasanam varasudu deep |
endra tana premanu oppukoledani raajabhavanamlo raju beerendranu 1 raanee aishwaryanu, thammudini, chevllelni, iddharu babayilanu, muguru pinatallulanuu kalchi champesadu, tarwata tanuu kaalchukoni aatmahatya chesukunadu. atadu komalo unnaa. saampradaayam prakaaram atadini vaidyasaala padaka piene rajuga prakatinchaaru, atadu muudu rojula taruvaata maranhichadu. atani maranam taruvaata birender thamudu ayina ghnaanendranu juun.
na rajuga prakatinchaaru 4ventane athanu raajyamlo atyavasara paristhitini prakatinchi prabhutwaanni raddhu chesudu. mavoistulatho yudhaaniki nepaalu sienyaanni rangamloki dinchaadu. vibhagalu.
nepaalunu motham
praamtiya vibhaagaalugaa vibhajinchaaru 14 bhagamathi. bheeri, dhavalagiri, gandaki, janak puur, karnali, koshy, lumbini, mahakali, mechi, narayani, rapti, sagarmata, sethi, bhougolikam
vaataavaranam, bharat
chainaa madyalo bhougolikamugaa nepaul bandhinpabadi Pali, motham. cha 1,47,181 ki.mee.vaisaalyamuloo vistarimchi Pali. andhulo. cha 56,827 mai.bhaugoollika vaividhyamunnappatiki. parvathaalatho nindi Pali, addamgaa muudu vyvidhya bhaugoollika swaruupaalu yea desamlo unnayi. dakshinhaana lothattu praamthamu. madyana chinna parvathaalatho unna praamthamu, uttaraana himalayalatho, avarestu (itara ettaina sikharaalatoe, koodina athi ettaina praamthamu) mee ledha (8,850 adugulu 29,035 mottamu nepaalalo). bhuumii Bara vyavasaya yogyamainadi 20% adavula kottiveta kudaa ooka mukhya samasya. avarestu shikaram.
yea shikaram prapanchamloonee ettainadi
dheenini nepaaleelo saagaramaata aney. teebet bashalo khomolongma aney pilustharu, idi nepaul. chainaa sarihaddulo Pali-samunnatamaina avarestu sikharamu. himalya parwatta saanuvulato baatu, prapanchamuloo, mee 8000 daatina padi ettaina sikharaalalo yenimidhi nepaalu lonae unnayi. ivi paryatakulaku mukhya aakarshanha. vitini prakruthi vintalugaa cheptaru. nepaalalo iidu vaataavarana pranthalu ettula vaareega unnayi.
dakshinhaana samasheetoshna mandalam modalukoni challani vaathaavaranamu. uttaraana atiseetala pradeshaala varakuu unnayi, varshapaatam vividha ruthuvulalo ruthupavanaala pai aadhaarapadi vividha rakaluga umtumdi. aa varshapaatamae mottamu samvathsara varshapaatamulo. mera estunde 60-80% samvatsaranike thuurpuna. mi 2500 mee.paschimaana., mi 1000 mee.mi., 1420 mee.khatmandu chuttuprakkala umtumdi. konni praantaalaloo idi. mi 4000 mee.dhaaka. konni sarlu, mi 6000 mee.dhaaka kudaa vumdavacchu. ruthupavanaalu manchi oopu medha unnappudu varshapaata vivaralu.
julai. (augustu-aardhikavyavastha).
prabhuthvamu
maavoyistula Madhya nirantharamu jarigee godvalu, tagavulu, chinna antaryuddhamula will nepaalu aardhikamuga patanamu chendinadi, prapanchamulooni athantha paedha deeshalaloo nepaalu okati. conei arthikamga oa prabala shakthigaa maarutaku kaavalasina anni arhatalu unna deshamu, conei saraina naayakatvam lopam chaaala suspashtamgaa kanipistundhi, sevalu. vyavasaayam deeni aardika vyavasthaloo mukhya bhuumika pooshistunnaayi, sumaarugaa. janaba 80% sthula jaatiyaadaayam yea remdu rangaala nunde osthundi, 41% paarisraamikiikarana kevalam vyavasayadhara parisramalayina naara. chakkera (jute), pogaaku, aahaara pantalaku Bara parimitam ayinadi, vastra utpatthi. tivaacheela thayaarii ippudippude punjukuntunnadi, gta muudu samvatsaraalalo ivi rendoo deesha videsi maaraka dravya sampaadanaloo, akraminchinayi 80% paarisraamikaabhivrudda chaaala varakuu khatmandu loeya chuttuprakkala. mariyoo bhirat Nagar, birganj vento nagaralalone jargindi, vyavasaayaabhivruddi. varshika janaabhaavruddi 5%, gaaa Pali 2.3%loo prabhuthvamu aardika saralikaranala dwara vyaapaaraanni.
1991videsi samsthaagata madupudaarulanu prothsahinchadandwara, aardhikaabhivruddi chaaala twaraga saadhinchudaamani modalupettinadi, conei rajakeeya asthiratvam will. ekkuvaga vruddhi saadhinchaleka poindhi, mukhyamugaa jala vidyuttu. paryataka rangamulalo abhivruddhiki baatalu parachindi, conei chinna aardhikavyavastha. rajakeeya asthiratvam, sahaja durghatanalu, saanketikaparamgaa venukabadi undatam will (?), chainaa, bhartiya deeshaala Madhya bhougolikamgaa chikkukoni povadam will ekkuvaga pettubadulu raaledhu, conei ippatikee tana abhivruddhi budjetulo. motham badjatulo 80%, videsi pettubadule akraminchinayi 28% janaganhana vivaralu.
samskruthi,nepaalu bahu basha
bahu matha, bahu jaathulu gala samajam, yea crinda ivvabadina lekkalu. nepaalu jana ganana nundi ivvabadindi 2002 bhashalu.
nepaul
ki vyvidhya bharitamaina basha samskruthi Paliadi muudu basha samudaayaala nundi erpadindi. indo. 1.arin-tibeto, 2.barman-desheeyamaina, 3.jaateeya lekkala prakaaram nepaalulo motham. 2001 vividha bhashalu maatlaadataaru 92 va daanni |
unnagurtinchalekapoya (93maatrubhaashagaa nepaaleelu matladedi janaba saatam prakaaram nepali). mitli (49%), bhoja puri (12%), thaaru (8%), tamang (6%), neevaari ledha nepaul bhaasha (5%), magar (4%), awadhi (3%), bantava (2%), limbu (2%), bajjika (1%), migta (1%). bhashalu maatrubhaashagaa 81 kanna takuva mandhi maatlaadataaru 1% adhikaara bhaasha devnagari lipilo vrayabade neepaalii bhaasha.
vividha bhashalu matlade nepalilandariki. yea bhaasha basha maadhyamamgaa upayogapadutunnadi, dakshinha teray ledha. mylla vedalpu unna nepaalu bhartiya sarihaddu praanthamlo hiindi kudaa maatlaadataaru 5-10 matamulu.
aadhikarikamgaa nepaalu prapanchamloo ekaika hinduism deshamu
conei deergha kaalamgaa akkadi chattaalu balavantapu matha maarpidulanu. anya matha vidveshaanni addukuntunnayi, lekkala prakaaram. 2001 mandhi hindus 80.6% mandhi bauddhulu, 11% kanni iru matala vaalluu iru matala sampradaayaalanuu. aachaaralanuu, samaanamgaa aacharistaaru, enka. mandhi muslimlu 4.2% mandhi kirantulanabade vaalluu, 3.6% mandhi kraistavuluu unnare, 0.5% viiri sanka. ku 2005 lakshalaku pergindhi 6 nepaul loo mukhyamaina pandagalu.
mukhya pandagalu
1 nepaaleelaku kaarthika masam krishna paksham roojulu chaala pavitramainavi
yea sandarbhamgaa teehar pandugalanu jarupukumtaaru. ivi iidu roojulu paatu jarupu kuntaaru. yamalokaadhi pathy aina yamadharma raajunu poojinchadamtho yea pandagalu praarambha moutaayi. yea pandagala koka itihaasamu Pali. dani prakaaram. pandaga dinaallo kudaa bhuuloekamloe manaollu maranistunnaaranii:
vaari atmalanu teesuku raavadaaniki tamaku baadagaa vunnadanee, deeniki nivaaranoopaayaanni cheppamani yamadhootalu, yama dharm rajuku mora pettukogaa.... yama dharmaraja ooka tarunopayam alochinchi variki chepthadu. dani prakaaram. evaraithe kaarthika krishna paksham trayodasi. chaturthashi aa tarvati roeju thama thama illanu deepaalathoo alankaristaro variki akaala marana bayam, narakaloka praapthi vundadanee salavistaadu, aa vidhamgaa aa aaidu roojulu yama punchakam pandugalugaa jarupukumtaaru. cag teehar.
1.1 yama panchakamlo modati roojaina yea roejuna cag teehar panduganu jarupukumtaaru
yea roejuna apasakunapu pakshi ayina kaakini poojisthaaru. maanavula maranaaniki kaakulu dootalu baavinchi yea roejuna intloni varandaruu bhojanam chaeyakumdaa vupavasamundi. intini deepaalathoo alamkarinchi poojaanantaram kaakulaku annam pedatharu, kukur teehar.
1.2 rendo roejuna kukur teehar anagaa kukkal panduga
mukhyamgaa maranaaniki putrulugaa nallani kukkalanu . rangu kukkalanu bhaavimchi vatini poojisthaaru chestnut vaati mukhaniki bottu petti. medalo puula damdalu vaysi, vatiki manchi aahaaram petti poojisthaaru, anni jantuvula kanna kuka maanavuniki athantha viswaasa paatramai nanduna. maanavuniki toduga vundi, atanaki intini kaapalaa kaastunnanduna yea vidhamgaa vatiki runam teerchukovadamgaa kudaa neepaalii prajalu bhaawistaaru, saadharanamga bhaaratadaesamloe alayala looniki kukkalu pravesiste apavithramga bhaawistaaru. ( aa apavitratanu toligincha daaniki konni shuddi kaaryakramaalu kudaa chestaaru. conei nepaul desamlo khatmanduloni parama pavithra pashupati nad deevaalayamloo kondaru pujaralu konni kukkalaku nosatana pasupu puusi kunkum botlu petti vaati medalo puula maala vaysi ooka stambhaaniki katti aa prakkanae ooka poojary kurchoni vumdagaa neenu gamaninchaanu. kukkalu aalayamloo yea vidhamgaa vundadamu chuuchi idhedho pavithramainadani kaaryamai vuntundani bhaavimchi kontha lothugaa pariseelinchagaa. aalayaanikochina bhakthulu kuka oddha vunna poojaariki kukkalaku pooje karyakram cheinchi vaarinundi kontha sambhavana sweekarincharu..... idi neenu swayangaa chusina wasn. bahusa poojincha daaniki kukkalu doraka nanduna aalayamloo eevidamgaa kukkalanu poojinchee avaksam kalpinchabadinadani bhaavincha ochhu. goovula pandaga. )
1.3 moodorojuna pasuvula pandaga jarupu kuntaaru
aandhra Pradesh loo pasuvula panduga lantidi kadhu. (govunu lakshmi pratiruupamgaa bhaavimchi poojinchadamu hindus prapancha vvaaptamgaa vunna aachaarame) hinduvu landaroo gomata avayavaalallo anni takala deevathalu koluvai vunnaarani nammutharu. gomata poojanu nepaaleelu kaarthika purnima nadu chestaaru. chikatini praaladroli lakshmi deeviki swagatam palakadaaniki prajalandaruu thama indlanu deepaalathoo alankaristaaru. ksheera saagara madanamlo lakshmi divi eerojune puttindani viiri nammika. streelandarinee lakshmi divi avataarulugaa yea roejuna bhaawistaaru. strilu yea roejuna snaanaanantaram kothha Dhar dharinchi lakshmi pujalu chessi. paatalu paadutuu intintiki vellatharu bhailo aa inti illaalu. paatalu paadutuu thama inti mungitaku vacchina streelanu lakshmi avataaramgaa bhaavimchi varini deepaalathoo aahvaanistaaru ...... intloo kurcho betti ooka pallemlo vividha takala rotthelu. palu takala pandlu alamkarinchi andhulo kontha dabbul petti variki samarpistaaru, pratigaa. aa vacchina strilu aa yinti varini lakshmi kataksham kaligi dhana dh |
anyalatho thulathuugaalani deevistaaru....., yea panduga nepaul desamlo prathi palleloonu ippatikee jarugu tunnadi. pattanaalaloo antagaa ledhu. nepaul loni paschima praantaalaina doti.
humla praantaallo bhaile paatalu iidu roojulu paatu paadutar, antey gaaka pushya maasamloo. janavari (pibravari-roojulu jaruputharu) 20 dheenini makhya bhaile ani antaruu. eddula panduga.
1.4 naalgava roejuna kudaa prajalu thama indlanu deepaalathoo alanka ristaaru
kanni pooje vidhaanamlo prajalu vaari vaari samskruthini batti konni maarpulatho jarupu kuntaaru. saadharanamga yea roeju andaruu talantukuni snananchesi eddulaku kudaa snaanamchaeyimchi. alamkarinchi poojisthaaru, aavulanu plu pitakaru. eddulanu panilo pettaru, shree krushnunni poojinchevaaru yea roeju govarthana puuja chestaaru. shree krishnudu govarthana parvataanni etthi anek pasuvulanu. prajalanu rakshinchinadi yea roeju idenani puuja chestaaru, kondaru kothha taram varu prathi maanavuni loanu devudunnadani nammi aatma puuja chestaaru. govarthana puuja jargina ratri purushulu bhaililo strilu paatalu paadinatlu paatalu paadutar.
dinni devsi antaruu. (men play their carol called devsi) indhulo streelaku pravesam ledhu. pattanha praantaallo purushulu yea maargaanni dhana sampadanaku maargamga enchu kuntunnaru. konni sandarbhaalalo yea brundam thaamu adiginanta viraalham ivvananduku inti vaarithoo vaagvivaadaaniki digi asabhyanga pravartinchadam kudaa jarugu chunnadi. hotels vento konni vvaapaara samshthalu yea devsi brundaaniki thaamu ente mottamistaamani bayta bordulu kudaa pedtharu. paradeshee vihaara yatra vahanalanu atavi praantaalaloo madyalo api thaamu adigi nantha dhanamu ichu nantha varuku vadalaru. aanandaaniki aalavalamaina yea puraathana saampradaayam kondari swaarthaparulaku dhana sampadana maargamga maaradamto prajabhimananni kolpotunnadi. baitica.
1.5 aidava roeju bhay tica panduganu jarupu kuntaaru
yama panchakamlo idi chivari roeju. yea roejuna yama dharm raju tana chelle laina yamunaa. intiki velli bhojanam cheestaadani viiri nammika' skanda puranam loni kaarthika mahatyam prakaaram purushulu yea roejuna thama intloo gaaka thama cheylleyli intloo bhojanam cheyale. cheylleylu laeni purushulu yea roeju koraku evarainainaa dattata tisukuni vaarinta bhojanam cheyale. aa avaksam kudaa laenivaaru ooka chettu nayna thama chellelugaa bhaavimchi aa chettu crinda bhojanam cheyale. aa soodari tana annaku aayuraarogyaala nandinchaalani kori annagari nuduta rangu rangula tilakam diddi tagu bahumatulistundi.
adae vidhamgaa annakuda tana cheylleliki nuduta tilakam diddi aameku bahumatulistaadu. eevidhangaa.
hindus adhikanga unna nepaul desamlo hinduism saampradaya pandagalu anekam jarupukumtaaru .... ikda jarupukune pandagalalo konni pratyekamaina pandagalu kudaa gamanincha ochhu. muula.(* yama panchaka pandagala visheshaalu: konni swayangaa chuusinavi... vivaralu mathram nepaul loni aamgla dinapatrikalaina. nepaul paryatana The himalayan, and The khatmandu post)
prapanchamloo atyadhikamgaa paryaatakulanu aakarshinche deeshalaloo nepaul okati
deeniki kaaranaalu anekam. akkadi prakruthi ramaneeyata kaavachhu. hinduism matastulaku., buddhist matastulaku sambamdhinchina atyunnatamaina kendralu kaavachhu, treckingu., raptingu vento saahasa kreedalaki mukhya kendram kaavachhu, mukhyamgaa akkadi prajala snaeha pooritha swabhavam kaavachhu, aakaasaanni takutunnaya annattunna himalayas. pathala lokamlo vunnaya annattuna loeyalu, nadulu, selayellu, jalapaataalu, hindus athantha pavithramainadani aadyatmika kendralu, alayalu, bhouddulaku athi pavithramainadani praardhanaa mandiraalu ila kaaranaalevainaa nepaul desam paryaatakulaku nayanandakaram chese desam, nepaul deeshaaniki mukhyamaina aadaaya vanaru kudaa paryatakame. prapanchamloo chivari hinduism saamraajyam.
monnati daaka raajula paripaalanalo unna nepaul desam prapanchamloo unna ekaika hindu raajyam
bhartiya deeshaaniki uttaraana aanukune unna yea desamlooniki adgu pettalante. bharateeyulaku etuvanti passes portu
vesa / yelanti anumati patraalu avsaram ledhu / vaahanaalaku mathram kontha rusumu tesukoni anumathistharu. adae vidhamgaa bharatiyulu nepaul loo sthiraastulu konukkovachchu. vyaparalu chesukovachu, etuvanti abhyantharam ledhu. andukane nepaul loo unna peddha peddha hotels vyaapaaram bharathiyula chetilone Pali. idantha nepaul. bhartiya deeshaala Madhya kudurchukunna oppandam prakaaram jarugu tunnadi --- yea desamlo unna motham janaabhaalo enabhai saatam hindus. thakkina iravai saatamlo bhouddulu. muslimlu, christianlu unnare, hindus athantha pavithramainadani devalayas ikkadunnaayi. alaage bhouddulaku athantha pavithramainadani praardhanaa sthalaalu ikkadunnaayi. hindus. bhouddulu kalise untaruu, dhravyam.
karensi (nepaul loni dravyamunu kudaa rupai antaruu)
bharat roopaayini ai. orr ani nepaul roopaayini ene.orr.ani antaruu. dravya maarakaaniki chaala chotla avaksam Pali. kanni nepaul loni prathi dukaanamloonu. itara pradaesaalaloonu bharat roopaayini teesukuntaaru, bharat rupees vamdaku nepaul rupees nuuta aravai istaaru. chinna naanhaelu anagaa piecelu kudaa akada chalamani lovunn |
ayi. bhartiya rupai maarakaaniki akada etuvanti ibbandulu undavu. pravesa dvaralu.
bharat bhuubhaagamthoo kalisi unna nepaul looniki praveshinchadaniki chaaala bhuumaargaalunnaayi
annintiloki ghorakpur oddha unna margame pradhaana mainadi. yea barder loo iruvaipula kalisi unna gramam peruu sunauli ikda asaadharaanamaina bhadrataa erpatlemi vudavu. akkadi stanika prajalu maamuulugaane atu itu thirugu tuntaaru. bharatiyulu etuvanti anumati patraalu lekunda nepaul bhuubhaagamlooki pravesinchavacchu. kanni vaahanaalaku kontha rusum kadithe looniki anumathistharu. ola nepaul looniki praveshinchina vahanalu aa desamlo ekkadaina tiragavacchu. sarihaddu oddha nepaul bhoobhaagam looniki praveshinchina paryaatakulaku sedha deeradaaniki. kaala krutyalu teerchukodaaniki anek erpatluntayi, nepaul bhuubaagamlooniki praveshinchagaane pratyekamgaa kanipincha vishayamemante enka tellavaarakamunde akkadunna chinna chinna annasaalalu. satraalu, baddi kottulu anni terichae vuntaayi, aa dukaanaala mundhu ooka meza balla vaysi dhaanipai madyam seesaalu petti vunadaru. mandu baabulu kudaa appatikappudu thama pania kaanichukoni velu tuntaaru. madyampai ikda etuvanti niyanthrana ledhu. gramalu panta polaalu.
sarihaddu nundi kontha doorame maidaana prantham
akkadakkada pallelu panta polaalu vuntaayi. ikda vari pradhaana panta. aa vari chaala muthaka rakam. vyavasaayam saampradaya paddhatiloonae jaruguthunnadhi. konda vaaluna konni adugula vedalpuna chadunu chessi akkade vari pandistuntaaru. aa polaalu chuuddaniki chaala andamgaa kanabadutuntaayi. kondalaku andamina metlu chekkara ani anipisthundhi. atu vento kondalu paada bhagana manchi paarutunnaa adi konni vandala adugula lothulo unnandhuna aa neetini polaalaku paarincha laeru. kondalu pienundi jaaru vaare neeti dharale yea pantalaku jala vanarulu. itu vento neeti dhaaralu chinnachinnavi chaala ekuva. konni peddha peddha jaladhaaralu vuntaayi avi jalapatallaga kanabadutuntaayi. yea kondalaloo prajalu anni takala kuuragayalu. pandlu kudaa pandistuntaaru, pallelu chaala paluchaga vuntaayi. illu dhoora dooramgaa vuntaayi. konni chotla polaala madhyaloonee illuntaayi. prathi inti mundhu banti puula chetluntaayi. roadlu vishaalangaa vunna akada trige vahanalu chaala paathavi. jeepullanti dokku vahanalu. rikshaalu modhalagunavi prayana saadhanaalu, ghat roddu.
nepaul desam kondalamayamainanduna akada roddulanni ghat roddule
konda valulo rodduku saripadinanta mera chadunu chessi konda valu vembadi vankara tinkaragaa melikalu tiruguthu roodluntaayi. bassuloe velutunte okavaipu aakaasam antettunna kondalu. maroka vaipuna paataalam kanipistunnada annantha loetuna pravahisthunna nadi ila vandalaadi mailla paryantam kanabadutune vuntundi, loeyaloe pravahisthunna nadhiloo athi shubhramaina neeruntundi. aa nadi kudaa anek malupulu tiruguthu egudu digudugaa nuragalu kakkutuu pravahistuntundi. aa nadhiloo raallanni athi nunu deli kaalu pedte jaaripoyetatluntaayi. vaatine salagram lantaru. nadulu chinnavaina avi athi vaegamgaa pravahistuntaayi.
aa nadhulaloo saahasikulu pratyeka Dhar vaesukuni thalaku topi pettukoni rubberu botlalo pooti padthuntaaru. konda valulo bassuloe prayaninchey prayaanhikulaku edoka anandha karamyna drushyam. roddu prayaanhikulaku t. coffey, alpaahaaram andinchadaaniki akkadakkadaa chinna chinna janavasaluntayi, akkade saahasika creedalaina rapting. nadhiloo rubberu botla pooti (trekking) taalla saayamtho kondalanekke saahasa creeda ( laku kaavalasina samagrini addekicche dukaanaaluntaayi) itu vento nivaasa praantaalaloo kudaa neeti vasatiki nadi athantha lothulo nunnanduna dhaanipai aadhara padakundaa kondalapai nundi jaluvare jaladhaaralaku pipu tagilinchi vaari avasaraalaku vadukuntaru. yea roddu pai prayaninchey prayaanhikulaku maroka aascharyapariche vinodam marokati kanuvindu chesthundu. avatili konda valulo pantalu pandinche raithulu ivatala nundi nadini daati atu pakkak vellalante. konni vandala adugula lotuku digi athi vaegamgaa pravahinchae nadini daati tirigi aa konda nekki thama polaalaku vellale. aa nadi chinnade ayinava athi vaegamgaa pravahistuntundi. andulooni raallu athi nunupuga kaalu jaretattuntaayi. itu vento pramaadaannundi tappinchukodaniki varu ooka upayam kanipettaaru. ivatala kontha diguvana ooka balamaina sthambhaanni paati danki samaantaranga nadhiki avatili vaipuna kudaa ilanti sthambhaanni paati yea remdu sthambhaalanu ooka balamaina inupa mokutho anusandaanistaaru. piena chakraalu kattina ooyaala lanty ooka peddabuttanu aa inupa mokuku tagilinchi aa buttalo kurchoni thama chetulato aa inupa mokunu tamavaipuku laagutuu vunte thaamu kuurchunna aa butta munduku saagi avathali gattuku cherukuntaaru. idi entho saahasamto koodina pramadakaramyna paniga anipisthundhi. ituvante saahasaalu dhaari podugunaa kanabadutune vuntaayi. okkochota kevalam ooka manishe kotilaaga aa inupa taadunu patkoni avataliki vellae sandarbhaalu kudaa chudocchu. ila anno pramaada bharitamaina saahaasaalu chustu prayaanistunna baasu prayaanikulalu kudaa athantha pramaadam ponchi vuntundi. ademante varshaakaalamlo konda cheriyalu virigithee av |
i kachitanga aa roddu piene padataayi. vaahanaalapai padithe eeka cheeyagaligindi emeeledu. khaalii roddupai padinaa vatini toliginchenta varku vaari prayanam vaayidaa padalsinde. pokra loo divi jalapaatam.
nepaul loni mukhyamaina pattanaalaloo pokra okati
idi athi chinna pattanham. konda konallo kattina illatho andamgaa kanabadutundi. yea pattanhaaniki praamukhyatanu aapaadinchadaaniki maroka kaaranamunnadi. adi pattanhaaniki allanta dooramlo manchuto kappabadini himaalayaa parvataalu. vendi kondalavale prakaasistunna aa himalayas daggara nundi chudadaaniki vimana prayaanaanni erpaatlu chestaaru. yea chinna vimanalalo himalayalaku kontha daggarki vellhi tirigi ostayi. yea pattanhaanni swijderlandutho poolustaaru. deeniki aasiyaaloni swizderlyandu ani antaruu. himalayas andaalanu chudadaaniki manchi samayam suuryoodayaaniki kontha mundhu dani tarwata kontha samayam. aa samayaaniki paryatakulu thaamu basa chosen bhavanala paikekki himalayas andaalanu tilakistuntaaru. suuryoodayaaniki enka konni nimushaalundanagaa aakaasam erra badutundi. aa kaantiloo aa manchu kondalu bagare kaantitoo merisi potuntaayi. aa bagare kanthi poddekke koddhi rangu maari vendi konda vale velugu leenutundi. aadrusyam athantha nayananda karam. yea pattanhamloo maroka vintha divi jalapaatam. saadharanamga jalapaathaalanu crinda nundi pyki choosaaru. kanni yea jalapaataanni pienundi krimdhaki chudaali. antey konda paikekki chudalani kadhu. bhuumii painunde visaalamaina baavilooniki chudaali. aa baavi chuttuu pramaada nivaarana koraku inupa pattiilatoe kamche erpaatu chesar. dani anchuna nilabadi baavi looniki chudaali. lopala baavi dari lonundi athi peddha jala pravaaham vachi chaala lotunna baavilooniki paduthundi. aa pravaaham akkadi nundi vastundo theliyadu. paryatakulu nilabadina bhuumii crinda sumaaru iravai adugula lotolonundi vachi baavilooniki paduthundi. yea jalamto aa baavi nindi podu. aa vacchina neee elaa vachayo adae vidhamgaa bhuumii loopaliki vellhi pothayi. avi yakkada bayta padathaayo. yea vintha jalapaatam pokra pattanham madhyaloonee Pali. pokraku diguvana kontha maidaana praantamunnadi. akada vari panta polaalu ekkuvaga unnayi. allanta dooramlo vunna manchu kondalu nundi manchu karigi vachey neeree viiri pantalaku saguniru. aa neee anek chinna chinna kaluvagunda swachchamgaa pravahistuntundi. kaatmandu.
kaatmandu Kota kondalu madyana maidaana praanthamlo Pali
idi yea desamlo athi peddha pattanham. deesha rajadhani kood, ikda idi peddha pattanamainaa bhaaratadaesamloe pattanaalatoe polisthe idi chinnade. bahulha antastula bhavanalu. bhaaree kattadalu chaala takuva, yea desamloni vahanalu chaala paathavi dokkuvi koodanu. paata jeepullanti vahanale ekkadi prayana saadhanaalu. kaatmandulo ooka aakarshana akkadi juda gruhaalu. vitini kasino antaruu. ikda madyam sevistuu. artha nagna nruthyaalanu veekshistuu joodam aadutaaru, yea joodam aadadaanike. desalanundi paryatakulu vasthuntaru ekkadi prabhuthvaaniki edoka aadaaya vanaru. sadarana paryatakulu kudaa velutuntaaru. ikda peddha peddha shaapingu centarlu kudaa unnayi. kanni avi ekkuvaga bharat lanty videshaala vartakulaku chendinave. anni dheshaalaku chendina vastuvulu ikda ammutuntaaru. saamanyamgaa ikda thayaaryna vastuvulu antu emi vudavu. anni videsalave. sdhaanikila kanna paryatakule yea vastuvulanu kontuntaaru. idi kudaa akkadi prajalaku. prabhuthvaaniki aadaaya vanare, ikda rudraksha chetlekkuva. andu chetha rudraakshalu ekkuvaga. chaala chavakaga dorkutayi, kondaru paryatakulu rudraksha kaayalanu kilos lekkana kontuntaaru. vatini pagala gotti chusthe vaari adhrushtam pandi andhulo okati remdu ekamukhi rudraakshalu dorikayante vaari panta pandinatle. vaati dara okkoti konni vaela roopaayaluntundi. manasuloe anukonna koorikalu teerche manokamana.
pokhara nundi khatmandu ku poye daarilo yea manoe kaamani alayam ooka peddha kondapai Pali
baasu roddu kaanukoni trishool nadi pravahistuntundi. ikda nadi looniki dhiga galiginanta lotulone Pali. nadikavatala remdu muudu kondalakavatala ooka kondapai manoe kaamini alayam velasi Pali. akadiki velladaaniki rope vee. erpaatu Pali" aa rope kaarulo velutunte aadrusyam. crinda nadi . loeyalu, konda valulo pantalu chaala manoharamgaa vuntundi, gatamlo yea aalayaniki vella daaniki metla dhaari vunnatlu telipae metla varusalu ippati kanabadataayi. yea rowe p kaarulo manushulatho baatu gorrelu kudaa velutuntaayi. konda kosana peddha alayam Pali. idi pagoda paddhatilo Pali. yea aalayamkoraku velasinade ikkadunna chinna gramam. ekkadi puujaarulanu panditulu antaruu. varu bhakthulanu divi chuttu kurcho betti puuja cheyistaaru. chivarana puulu prasda istaaru. ekkadi ammavaru bhaktula manasu loni koorikalu thelusukoni vatini neraverustundani bhaktula nammika. yea aalaya praamganamloo paavuraalu ekkuvagavunnayi. vatiki ginjalanu metagaa vestaaru. idi chaala puraathana alayam. yea alayam venuka ooka janthu vadha shaala Pali. ikda tarachu divi koraku janthu balulu istuntaaru. eepraantam antha rakta siktamgaa vuntundi. aa janthuvulu anagaa gorrelu kudaa rope kaarlalo ravalasinde. ikda chinna chinna hotels |
unnayi. andhulo prathi table mundhu madyam batillu petti vuntaayi. yea konda pai nundi suduuramloo manchuto kappabadini himalayas kanabadu tuntaayi. pashupatinath alayam.
ikda chuuda valasina pradheeshaalu chaala unnayi
andhulo okati hindus athantha pavitramgaa bhavinchee pashupatinath deevaalayam. idi shivalayam. chaala visaalamainadi. kanni chalavaraku shidhilamayam. ekkadi pradhaana alayam pagoda aakaaramlo chaala ettugaa vuntundi. indhulo garbhalayam chaturastraakaaramlo vundi nalaugu vaipula dvaralu kaliguntundi. madyalo unna sheva linganiki nalaugu vaipula nalaugu mukhaluntayi. avi dharmarthakama mokshaalaku prateekalani namakam. nalaugu dwaaraala oddha naluguru panditulu undi pujalu cheyistuntaaru. ekkadi puujaarulanu panditulu ani antaruu. veerandaru telegu vaarenani antaruu. varu tharatharaala kritam ikadiki vachi sthirapaddaaru. yea aalayamloniki hinduuvulaku Bara pravesam umtumdi. kanni vachey varu hinduvu avunoo kaado gurtinche erpatlemi vudavu. yea alayam venuka vaipuna bhagamathi nadi Pali. akkade aathi peddha shmashanam Pali. akada eppudi shavaalu kaalutuune vuntaayi. garbha gudiki edhurugaa athi peddha nandy Pali. aalaya praamganamloo vividha mandiraalalo kontha mandhi panditulu bhakthulaku pujalu vrataalu cheyistuntaaru. ikda rudraakshalu ekkuvaga dorkutayi. rudraksha maalalu chaala chavakaga ammutuntaaru. bhakthulu ooka rudraksha maalanu koni puujaarikichchi dhaanini garbha gudiloni shivuni pai vumchi mantraalu chadhivi danki tirigi bhakthulaku istaaru. daanni bhakthulu pavitramgaa bhaavimchi dharistaaru. yea alayam parisara praantaalaloo anek dukaanalaalalo mutyaalu. navaratnaalu, anek rangula poosalu vikrayistuntaaru, videsi yaatrikule vitini ekkuvaga kontuntaaru. mahavishnu alayam.
seshashayanuni pai pavalinchinatlu unna mahaavishnuvu nallaraati bhaaree vigraham takuva lotu neellunna konerulo teliyaadutunnatlunna yea devuni bhakthulu neellaloki digi pujalu chesthuntaru
aa vigraham chethulalo sankhu. chakram, gadha modalaina aayudhaalunnayi, idi swayambhuvani. buddhuni avataaramani ekkadi vaari nammika, idi chaala puraathanamainadhi. yea chuttu pakkala unna devalayala shidhilaalanu chusthunte gatamlo ikda athi peddha alayam undaedani ardham avuthundi. athi podavaina rudraksha maalalu ikda ekkuvaga ammutuntaaru. muktinath alayam.
hindus pavitramgaa bhavinchee nuuta yenimidhi vaishnava divya dhaamaalalo muktinath alayam
vadi 106 pokranundi muktinath aalayaniki vellalante saraina roddu margam ledhu. antha gatukula baata. chinna chinna vimaanaalu naduputuntaaru. avi kood vaataavaranam sarigaa lekunte nadaparu. vatilo vellhinaa aa tarwata kudaa kontha dooram kaali nadakana vellalsinde. idi chaala kashtataramaina dhaari prayaasatoe koodukunna pania. muukti naaraayanhudu svayambhuvu. padmaasanamlo koorchonnatlunna muurti. ikda nuuta yenimidhi dhaaralalo nillu padutuntaayi. aa neellanu nettina challukunte nuuta yenimidhi divyadhaamaalu darsinchukunnanta phalitham vasthumdani bhaktula nammika. suuryoodaya veekshanha.
khatmanduku sumaaru vandha kilo meetarla dooramlo ooka konda medha udayistunna sooryuni chudadaaniki ooka kendram Pali
suuryoodayaaniki mundhey akadiki cherukovali. akadiki vellae dhaari sannaganu malupulu tirigi vuntundi. kanuka peddha vahanalu vellalevu. chinna vaahanaalaloo vellaali. yea konda pienunna ooka hottal loo yaatrikulaku kaavalasina t. coffey falahaaraala vento vasatulu chaala bagaa vuntaayi, konda ettuga unnandhuna suduura prantham chakkaga kanabadutundi. suuryoodaya samayaaniki meghalu addu lekunte aa suuryoodaya drushyam chaala adhbhuthanga umtumdi. bhakta puur.
nepaul desamlo bhaktapur ooka chinna pattanham
gatamlo idi ekkadi ooka rajyaniki rajadhani. yea rajadhani nagaramlo chudavalasina anek devalayas. rajarikapu kattadalu anekam unnayi, pashupatinath alayanni poelina alayam kudaa ikda Pali. alaanti devalayas anekam unnayi. kanni anni shivalayale . raja dharbaaru halu chaala gambheeranga umtumdi. ikade durgamma vaari alayam okati Pali. idi alayam laaga kakunda nivaasa griha laaga vuntundi. aa alayanni kevalam dusshera sandarbhamlo Bara terustaaru. loena athantha sampadha unnatlu sdhaanikulu cheputhaaru. garbha gudilooniki vellaneekunnaa parisara praantaalanu chuuda veelunnadi. yea praantamlooni kattadalu athi manoharamgaa unnayi. prakruthi paranga ettaina kondalu.
lothaina loeyalu, abhayaaranyaalatho anek pramukha aadyatmika kendraalato entho prasaantamgaa kanabade nepaul desam raajakeeyamgaa athantha vaedi, vaadi caryalu chaala ekkuvaga jaruguthuntaayi. idhey yea desam arthikamga edagaka povadaniki kaaranam. jaathulu.
kulamulu, nepaul
loojanaba lekkala prakaaram mottamu 2001 ooka gurtu teliyanu jaatito sahaa 103 (jaathulu) kulamulu unnatlu telinadi/kulamulu aney paddathi hinduism mathamu nundi vacchindi. jatula vibhajana anede. chaarithraka visaeshaala will, vaarike pratyekamaina praamtiya uhajanitamaina kadhala will jargindi, janaba lekkala prakaaram mukhyamaina kulaalu kshathiriya. 200 |
1 chetri (braahmanha) 15.8%, hill (madheshi) 12.7%, magar 33%, tamang 7.1%, newar 5.6%, mahammadeeya 5.5%, kaami 4.3%, jaathulu 3.9%, (ray) gurung 3.9%, damay 2.8%, dholi/migta 2.4%. kulaalu 92 jaathulu/kanna thakkuvaga unnare 2% veellaloonae prakhtaati gaanchina sherpalu kudaa unnare. pattanha janaba.
natiki kevalam
1991 munsipaalitiilu Bara erpaatu cheyabaddaayi 36 selavu dinaalu
nepaul
ku nalaugu panchaamgaalu unnayiprabhuthvapu soura maana panchangamu. chandramaana panchangamu, nepali saampradaya panchangamu, paaschaatya panchangamu, nepaul mathaparamaina selavu dinaalannii chaandramaana panchangamu prakaramu untai. anevalla nepaaleelaku selavu dinaala kosamai ooka sthiramaina tedeelu anatu undavu. saadharanamga remdu mukhyamaina selavu dhinamulu dashain. tihar, luaktobaru, nevemberu maasaalalo ostayi, ivi kood chudandi.
heramba
bayati linkulu
nepali raajya antarjaalam
Essay on Nepal in Nepali Language
sea
CIA World Factbook e.ai.webb saitulo nepaul> nepali janaba nivedika (2000)
nepali varthalu (2002)
nepali themes
marinni vishayalaku eekrinda unna rachanalu chudandi
Newslook Magazine
Newa Post
NepalOnline.com
Free Expression in Nepal
Kantipur Online
City Times
United We Blog!
International Nepal Solidarity Network
Samudaya
FreeNepal.org
myfreenepal
nepaul
Barbara Crossette. 1995. So Close to Heaven: The Vanishing Buddhist Kingdoms of the Himalayas''. New York: Vintage. (ISBN 0679743634)
Bista, Dor Bahadur. The Peoples of Nepal
Peter Matthiessen.1993, "The Snow Leopard". (ISBN 0-00-272025-6)
Joe Simpson. 1997. "Storms of Silence"
Samrat Upadhyay. 2001. "Arresting God in Kathmandu"
Joseph R. Pietri.2001. "The King of Nepal"
Maurice Herzog.1951. "Annapurna"
Dervla Murphy.1967. "The Waiting Land"
Jon Kraukauer.1997. "Into Thin Air"
Indra Majupuria.1996. "Nepalese Women". (ISBN 974-89675-6-5)
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asiya
bhoopariveshtita deshalu
hiindi matlade deshalu
yea vaaram vyasalu
pakistan ledha pakistan islaamik republik |
aamglam (urdoo: Pakistan) (dakshinasiya loni desam: پاکستان): bharat. iranian, aafghanisthaan, chainaa, arabian samudramlanu sarihaddulugaa kaligi Pali, kotlaku paibadina janaabhaatho athyadhika janaba kaligina deshaallo prapanchamloo arava sthaanamloonu. 24 athyadhika muslimu janaba kaligina deshaallo rendo sthaanamloonu unnadi, comon. veltuloonuloo kontakaalamu bahishkarinchabadinadi (2004–2007islaamik deeshaala samsthaloonu sabhyatvam Pali), ku poorvam bhartiya antarbhaagamaina yea pakistan. 1947loo bharat nundi verupadi pakistan, 1947paschima pakistan (pratuta pakistan (turupu pakistan) neti bangladeshs l samaharam (erpadindi) yea vibhajanaku mukhya kaarakulalo muhammadu ollie jinna okkaru. palu samskruthulu.
pratuta pakistan prantham puraathana samskrutulaku puttillu
mehargar neolithic. kanshya yugam simdhu nagarikatha, taruvaata, palu mathalu samskrutulaku raajula paalana konasaagindi, veerulo hindus. indo, greeq – muslimulu, timrid, turko moghalu (u,afghanlu), sikkulu unnare, yea praantaanni palu raajavamsaalu palinchayi. idi palu saamrajyaalalo bhaagamgaa undedi. idi mayuura saamraajyam. aacha, emenid – paeshiya (alegjaamdar paalanaloe Pali), muhammadu ollie jinnaabhaaratadviipalakpa saaginchina swatanter samaram taruvaata. loo paakisthaan muslim rajyaanga avatharinchindhi 1947 mundhu bharatadesa turupu. paschimam lalo muslimulu adhikanga unna pranthalu paakisthaan – gaaa undediloo pakistan.
1956 constitute af pakistan "paerutoe islaamik republik vidhaanam sweekarinchindhi" bangladeshs swatanter samaram taruvaata turupu pakistan bangladeshs deshamgaa avatharinchindhi. 1971 paalana.Apply Here For Nadra Birth Certificate Pakistan And Apply Here For Degree Attestation From Pakistan Online Attestation Pakistan
paakisthaan administration unitlu kaligina feedeeration paarlamemtarii republik palana vidhaanam kaligi Pali
paakisthaan sapradaaya. bhaashaaparamaina vaividhyam kaligina desam , alaage paakisthaan bhougolikamgaa. bhashaparamga vaividhyam kaligi Pali , alaage kendreekruta adhikaaravidhaanam kaligi Pali. paakisthaan.
standing armi fores "kaligina jaabitaalo" va sthaanamloo Pali 7alaage paakisthaan. ku neuclear pvr alaage neuclear aayudhasampatti kaligina deeshalaloo chootu kalpinchabadindineuclear aayudhalu kaligina okeoka muslim deshamgaa gurtinchabadundi.
neuclear aayidhaalu kaligina dakshinasiya deeshalaloo rendavasthaanamlo Pali. paakisthaan ardhapaarisraakarana cheyabadina aardhikavyavastha kaligi Pali. alaage chakkaga yekikrutam cheyabadina vyavasaayaragam kaliginadesamgaanuu. aardhikaparamgaa z, di.p abhivruddhilo antarjaateeyamgaa.va desamgaanuu 26konugolu shakthilo z, di.p abhivruddhilo antarjaateeyamgaa.va sthaanamloonuu 45aardhikamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna deeshalaloo okatigaanuu paakisthaan gurtinchabadutundi, swatantrayam taruvaata.
swaatantram taruvaata pakistan adhikanga seinika paalita deeshalaloo okatiga gurtinchabadutondi
indo. pock yudhalu- rajakeeya astirata kaligina deshamgaa gurtinchabadutondi, paakisthaan adhika jansankhya. teevravaadam, pedarikam, niraksharaasyata, lanchagonditanam modalaina savaallanu edurkontondi,ayinappatikee. loo happi planet jaabitaalo 2012 va sthaanamloo Pali 16pakistan. ku aikyaraajyasamiti sabhyatvamcomon, velth desamnext leven ekanamee, ekanaamik cooperation, unitging far comsensus, kaligina deeshalaloo okatiga Pali, developing. kairns groupe 8, cato protocol, internationale covanent aan sivil und politically raits, regianal cooperation far develope, mentuyu, ene.sea.hetch.orr,asean in, frastructure in vestumentu Bankigroupe af leven, chainaa, pakistan phri trade agrimentu- groupe, z 24, developing naeshans 20 i, sea.o.yess.o.sea.founding member af islaamik corparetion, south asean associetion far regianal corparetion, sea, i.orr.ene sabhyatvam kaligi Pali, kothha rajadhani.
paakisthaan
loo tvaralo janta rajadhani nagaraalu erpadanunnayiandamina margalla parwatta shrenullo kotthaga rajadhani nagara nirmananiki chakachaka caryalu prarambhamayyayi. dinni pratuta rajadhani islamabad. ku soranga margam dwara anusandhanam cheyanunnarudeenthopaatu suma ru roo. vaela kotla vyayamtho chaepattae yea bhaaree projectulo palu nirmaana.77 abhivruddhi karyakramalanu kudaa chepattanunnaru, saadhyamainanta twaraga idi andubaatuloki vachchelaa caryalu teesukoovaalani pradhani nawaj Sharif aadesinchadamto rajadhani abhivruddhi atharity. cda (yea disaga yuddhapraatipadikana caryalu teesukuntondi) ravalpindi.islamabad Madhya remdu ringu roddulu-raavalpindilooni rawat oddha ooka kothha air, portu nirmaanam kudaa yea maga projectulo bhaagamgaa unnayibloo are nunchi rawat varakuu unna islamabad haivenu. nunchi padi linelaku vistarinchadamtopaatu rodduku iruvaipula dubaayi 8 loni shiekh zayed roddu tarahaalo bahulha antastula vaanijya bhavanaalanu kudaa nirminchanunnaaruislamabad haiveku iruvaipula unna plaatlanu vaanijya avasaraalaku ivvadam dwara bhaaree motthamloo daalarlanu rabattavachani |
prabhuthvam bhaavistondi. yea maga projectulo pettubadulu pettaalsindigaa videsi pettubadidaarulanu. mukhyamgaa pravasa paakisthaaneeyulanu prabhuthvam aahvaanistoondi, pock.
adhyakshudi adhikaaraalaku kattera pock
loo tvaralo teesukuraanunnava raajyaamga savarna dwara 232atyavasara paristiti vidhimpu "nyaayamuurtula", "mukhya ennikala adhikary neyaamakam, vento adhyakshudi asaadhaarana adhikaaraalaku kattera veyanunnaru" rashtra saasanasabhalanu sampradinchakundaa adhyakshudu tanamta thaanugaa desamlo atyavasara paristhitini vidhinchaleru. alakakunda adhyakshudu swatantramgaa vyavaharinchi atyavasara paristhitini prakatiste danki paarlamentu ubhayasabhalu. rojula vyavadhilo aamodamudra vestene amalloki vachey vidhamgaa musaayidaalo pondhuparichaaru 10aropanalu. Maxbet
pakistan nunchi uttarakoriyaa
libiyaa vento dheshaalaku anuparignaanam, akramamugaa taralinchidani aropanalu unnayi vivaadaalu.
bharatadesamuto
nunchi kaashmeeru girinchi vivaadamu nadustondhi 1947 kashimir vivaadham. bharat purthiayyindhe Kashmir eka India de
pakistan, chainaa deshaalamadhya kaashmeeru vivaadham chaaala teevramainadi, bharat. pakistan, l Madhya jargina muudu yuddhaalakuKargil (1947, 1965, 1999 (alaage bharat)) chainaa deeshaala Madhya, british valasa paalana kaalamulo bhartiya chainalanu vidadeese meck mehan rekhanu chainaa gurtinchananduku 1962 (yudhaaniki kaashmeeru vivaadamae kaaranam) zammu. kaashmeeru sampuurnha raashtram bharathadesapu amtargata bhuubhaagamani bhaaratadaesam vaadhana-kanni motham rashtramlo sagabhagam Bara ippudu bhaaratadaesam aadheenamlo unnadi. kaashmeeru loeyaloe kontha bhaagam pakistan adhinamlo unnadi. axay. chin prantham chainaa adhinamlo unnadikaashmeerulo bhagamaina gilgit.
baltistan-nu stanika girijanulanu saayamtho paakisthaanloo aakramimchimdi 1947ippati varakuu yea bhoobhaagam yelanti prajaswamyam lekunda paakisthaan. adhyakshudi prathyaksha paalanaloe Pali ippudu yea bhuubhaagampai vaasthava niyantranaadhikaaraanni paakisthaan. chainaku appaginchindi arabbu dheshaalaku. chainaku Madhya silk, ravaanhaa margamlo gilgit baltistan-bhoobhaagam Pali bharat.
pock-nu sannihitam cheddambharat
paakisthaan-Madhya sudeergha kaalamgaa aparishkrutamgaa migilipoyina samasyalaku parishkaara maargaalanu kanugonenduku irudaesaalaku chendina eduguru maajii manthrulu prayatnalu praarambhinchaaru bharat. ku chendina jashwantsidhunatwar, sidhumanisankar aiyer paakisthaan, nunchi khurshid em kasuri.sartaj, aziz abdoul, sattar gohar, ayyub khanirudesaala Madhya nalugutunna Kashmir vyavaharam jalaala pampinhii, ugravaadam vento keelaka amsaalapai varu parsparam abhiprayalu panchukunnaaru, ikapai pratiyaetaa samavesam kaavalani nirnayinchaaru. peruvenuka charithra.
paakisthaan paeruloeni pock antey urdoo
paashto, parshiyaalalo swachhata ani ardam , sthan antey pradeesam ani ardam. paakisthaan antey swachchamaina pradeesam ani ardam. sthan aney percian padhaniki muulam samskrutha sthan. samskrutam (devanagar (ani bhavistunaaru): स्थान) loo modhatisaarigaa paakisthaan swaatantra samara yodhudu chaudri rahmat ali ooka karapatramlo.1933 paakisthaan declaration "perunu perkonnaadu" paxthan., lookotlamandi muslimulu nivasistunnaarani perkonnaadu 3 indhulo south asiya british raj loni panjaabu. khaibar, pakhtunkhwal, kashmiri, simdhii, baluchistan pranthalu perkonabaddayi, pock. aney padhaniki suluvugaa palakadaaniki(pak) ardhavantam cheyadanki paeruloe ai ,cherchabadindi "i" charithra.
aaramba
madyayugam , dakshinaasiyaalooni puraathana human samskruthulalo paakisthaan samskruthi okati
paakisthaan. loo nivasinchina vaariloo aarambhakaala paleolithic kalaniki chendina soyaniyanlu pradhamulani vishwasistunnaarupanjaabu. loni soyan loeyaloe varu upayoginchina raati panimutlu labhinchayi paakisthaan. loniadhikabhuubhaagamlo pravahisthunna sindhuunadi pravaahita praanthamlo palu samskruthulu vilasillayi neolithic mehergarh veetilo okati. kanshya yugamloo mehanjudar. harappaaloni sindhuunaagarikata, cree (poo.kudaa veetilo marokati 2800–1800) vedakaalam.
vedakaalam
cree (poo.indo 1500–500) arin samskrutigaa vargeekarinchabadindi - idi hinduism nundi zaninchindi. hinduism yea praanthamlo chakkaga vilasillindi. multan pramukhya hinduism aadyatmika kendraalalo okati. vedha samskruthi panjaabuku chendina takshashilaloni.
prasthutham panjaabu loni takshila (gaandhaaram oddha vikasinchindi) cree. poo.loo yea praantaanni percian saamraajyam 519 cree, poo.loo alegjaamdar paalincharu 326chandraguptudu sthaapinchina mauryasamrajyam taruvaata cree. poo.loashokudu eepraantaanni paalincharu 185 bactriaku chendina demetrius cree.
poo.loo sthaapinchina indo 180-165 greeq raajyamlo Punj |
ab- gandhar bhaagam ayyaayi, cree. poo.natiki menander dheenini vistarimchaadu 165-150 taruvaata yea praanthamlo graeco. buddhijam samskruthi vikasinchindi – takshashila puraathanamaina vidyaasamsthagaa. athyunnatha vidyanu amdimchina vidyaasamsthagaa antarjaateeya khyati gadinchindi ,madya yugam.
madyayugam
usa (sha.yea praanthamlo islam vyaapinchindi. 642–1219) yea samayamlo suphi missionarylu adhikasamkhyaloo bouddhulanu. hinduvulanu islam mataniki maarchadamloo keelakapatra , vahinchaaru
simdhu praanthamlo ray rajavamsam. usa (sha.yea praantaanni parisara praanthaalatho cherchipaalinchindi. 489–632) dharmapala. devpala eepraantaanni paalinchina chivari bouddhapaalakulugaa gurtinchabadutunnaaru, paalaa saamraajyamlo bangladeshs uttarabharatadesam. aafghanisthaan bhaagamgaa Pali, muhammadu bean kaasim.
usa
sha.muhammadu bean kaasim vijaeta sindhuulooyalooni paakisthaan. 711 panjaabu multan praantaalanu jayinchaadu, paakisthaan prabhutva chaarithraka adharalu paakisthaan takettadaaniki idi punaadhigaa undani theliyajesthunnaayi. yea vision taruvaata bhartiya dvipakalpamlo paalana saaginchina muslimla vijayaaniki vedhika tayaaruchesindi.
taruvaata. usa (sha.loo ghajnavid saamraajyam. 975–1187) ghorid raajyam, usa, (sha.Delhi sultanet yea praantaanni kudaa palinchayi. 1206–1526) taruvaata sultanet sthaanamloo. usa (sha.nundi yea prantham moghul saamraajyamlo bhaagamgaa Pali. 1526–1857) moghul paalakulu yea praanthamlo percian sampradaayam.
unnatasthaayi indo,percian samskruthi pravesapettaayi- va sathabdam arambamlo yea prantham bhartia moghul paalakula paalanaloe Pali.
16va sathabdam natiki eurapian prabavam adhikarinchi moghul paalana vaanijyaparamgaa. 18rajakeeya paranga kshininchindi, eestindia coppeny.
yea samayamlone eestindia kompany samudrateera sthavaralu yerparachukunnadi
samudram medha aadhipathyam.
goppa vanarulu, saanketikata eestindia kompany sameekarinchina sainikasakti rakshana british prabhuthvam bhaaratadveepakalpamlo kompany paalanaku anumatinchela chesindi, natiki bhaaratadveepakalpam medha eurapianla aadhipathyam adhikarinchindi. 1765 natiki british sakta bengal varku vistharinchadamtho seinika shakthini penchukoovadaaniki anukuulamaina bhuubhaagaanni tamabhuubhaagamtoe vileenam cheskovadaniki anukuulinchindi.
1820 caritrakarulu idi coloney paalanaku aarabhabinduvani varnistunnaaru.
yea samayaaniki british prabhuthvam nundi eestindia companyki labhinchina maddatuto eestindia companyki marinta vishwaasamtho vidya. sanghika samskaranhalu, samskrutikarangam modalaina aardhiketara rangaalalo saktivantagaa praveshinchadaniki avaksam labhinchindi , loo. 1835 english ejukeshan aect "eandian sivil sarviis" (1845) , vento samskaranha amalucheyabadindi bhartia dveepakalpamloni bhartia muslimulu vidyanu abhyasinchadaaniki sampradaayakamaina madarasalaku aagleyulu maddatu ivvaledhu. taruvaata dadapu madarasalu anni nidhulu.
sahayam kolpoyayi coloney paalana.
va sathabdam aarambhamlone moghul saamraajyam kramamga patanam chendhadam prarambham ayindhi
18taruvaata british prabhuthvam bhaaratadveepakalpam amtati medha aadhipathyam saaginche. varku sikkula praabhavam adhikam ayindhi
loo bhartia tirugubatu.1857 sipaayeela tirugubaatuu 1857 (yea praanthamlo british prabhuthvam) kueen viktoriyaalaku vyatirekamga , jargina athipedda sainikacharyagaa gurtinchabadutundi hinduism. islam anuyayula madya matakahaalu adhikamai hiduu islaamik sambandhaalu ksheeninchadam valana british paalanaku pradhaana samasyagaa parinaminchindi , hiindi. urdoo vivaadaalu hindus- muslimula madya sangharshanhalanu marinta adhikam chesindi , bengaali punarujjivanam sampradhaya hinduisija enam jaagaruukamaindi.
alaage adi british eandian saamaaraajya sanghika. rajakeeyaala medha kudaa goppagaa prabavam choopindi , bengali punarujjivanam edurkovadaniki sayed ahamad khan naayakatvamlo alighar vudyamam nirvahimchabadimdi.
falithamgaa. loo 1901 eandian muslim leaguue "sthapinchabadindhi" taruvaata rendudesaala vidhanaanni muslim leaguue aadarinchindi.
eandian naeshanal congresses british vyatireka vidhaanam. british viluvalanu svikarinchina al india muslim leaguue bavishyathu paakisthaan sanghika vidhaanam roopondinchaayi, modati. prapancha iddam samayamlo british vyatireka vidhaanam hinduism jarman kutra modalaina vivaadaalu eandian naeshanal congresses jarman deshaalamadya sayodhya kalegela chesay , jaateeya congresses naayakatvamlo ahimsa vidhaanamlo swarantra poraatam deshaavyaaptamgaa vyaapinchindi. yea vidhaanamlo mookummadi poraataalalo lakshalaadhi prajalu paalgonnaru. british prabhuthvaaniki vyatirekamga. loo quit india vudyamam 1920 loo sahayanirakaaranodyamaalala deesha vyaaptangaa lakshalaadhi mandhi prajalu paalgonnaru , 1930 muslim leaguue.
natiki al india muslim leaguue kramamga peddha ettuna prajaadaranha sampaad |
inchindi
1930 decemberu. 1930 na muhammadu iqbal muslimulu adhikanga unna vaayavyabhaaratamlo unna panjaabu 29paakisthaan (vaayavya bhoobhaagam), simdhu (1901–55), baluchi sthan veeleenam kaavalani pilupu icchadu , paakisthaan sthaapakudu muhammadu aali jinna pradhaanamgaa remdu deeshaala vidhanaanni balaparichadu. taruvaata muslim leaguue. nulaahoor nirnayam 1940 pakustan nirnayam (vaipu nadipinchaadu) rendava prapamcham iddam. muhammadu aali jinna, al india muslim leaguue uunited kingdanku maddatu icchindi , caabinet mishan.
loo bharat
1946 loo caabinet mishan viphalam ayindhitaruvaata uunited kindam bharat. loolalo 1946 - 47 british raj " mugimpuku vasthumdani suchanalu andajesindi " british indialo jaateeya congresses loni nehruu.
. abul kalaam aazaad, al indiya muslim leaguue loni muhammadu aali jinna, sikkulaku naayakatvam vahimchina tarasingh modalaina bhartia jaateeyavaadulu , juun maasamloo swatamtram 1947 adhikaara parivartana sharatula girinchi sampradhimpulu jaripaaru , loo uunited kingdam bharat vibhajanaku angeekaaram telipindi.1947 auguste. na vaayavya bhaaratam 14 turupu bhaaratamlooni adhikasankhyaakulaina muslim prajalanu kalupukuntu paakisthaan avatharinchindhi , baluchisthan. turupu bengal, vaayavya sarihaddu bhoobhaagam, panjaabu (1901–55), paakisthaan (simdh bhoobhaagaalu paakisthaan) , loo bhaagam ayindhibharat vibhajana kaaranamgaa Punjab. bengal lalo tiivramaina matakalahaalu chelaregaayi , lakshalamandi muslimulu paakisthaan. ku tarali vellaaru lakshalaadhi hindussikkulu bharat , ku tarali vachcharurajasthaanam zammu Kashmir vivaadham. modati Kashmir iddam " ki dhaaritheesindhi (1948) swatamtram adhunika paakisthaan.
loo bharat nundi vibhajinchina paakisthaan roopudiddukunna taruvaata al india muslim leaguue adyakshudu muhammadu aali jinna
1947 paakisthaan guvernor genaral "ayadu " alaage paakisthaan parliamentuku modati speker ayadu. founding fathers af paakisthaan laikwat ali khan al india muslim leaguue parti genaral sekrataree. kaavadaniki angikarinchaaru alaage laikwat ali khan paakisthaan pradhama pradhaanamatri sthaanam kudaa alankarinchaadu. loo arava gorge bhartiya chakraverthy padavini thyajinchina taruvaata paakisthaan commonwealth deeshalaloo ooka rajyaanga marindi. 1947 phibravari.
1952 na arava gorge maranam taruvaata rendava elizabeth paakisthaan raanee ayindhi 2loo paakisthaan constitution antasthu pondhee varku paakisthaan commonwealth deeshalaloo okatiga Pali. 1956 paakisthaan adhyakshudu iskander mirza.
too man roll " sthaanamloo armi chieph paalana amalaina taruvaata paakisthaan swatamtram prashnaardhakamgaa marindi " taruvaata adhyakshudu iskander paalana tolaginchi mirza. armi chieph genaral ayyub khan paakisthaan paalana swaadheenam chesukunadu loo adhyakshapaalana amalaina taruvaata paakisthaan aardhikarangam gurtinchataginamgaa abhivruddhi chendhindhi. 1962 loo rendava indo. 1965 pock iddam taruvaata paakisthaan aardhikavyavasthalo patanam modaliendi – loo pock adhyakshudu genaral ayyub khan nundi yahyakhan paalana chepattina taruvaata.
1969 loo sambhavimchina paakisthaan 1970 loo sambhavimchina toofan turupu pakustanloomandhi praanaalanu balugonnadi 50,000 jaateeya ennikalu.
loo paakisthaan modatisarika demokratik ennikalu
1970 nirvahimchimdi (1970) idi milataree paalana nundi swatantrapaalana aarambhaaniki naamdi ayindhi. turupu paakisthaan. loni avamilig paakisthaan peeples parti medha vision saadhinchindiyahyakhan milataree palananu prajalu tiraskarinchaaru. march.
1971 na bangladeshs swatanter samaram samayamlo paristiti chakkadiddadaniki paakisthaan sainyamtho bangladeshs chaerukumdi 25bangladeshs maaranahomam."1971 bangladeshs swatamtram prakatinchadaaniki dhaaritheesindhi" taruvaata bengal muukti bahini bharat sahayamtho pratyeka bangladeshs swatanter samaraniki seenalanu sameekarinchaadu. ayinappatikee paschima paakisthaan yea yuddhaanni antaruddham ani abhivarninchindi. allarlu.
swatanter samaramlo dadapu
lakshalamandi pourulu asuvulu kolpoyarani anchana 3 - 30 swatantrasamaraaniki vyatirekamga paakisthaan bharat. bangladeshs medha trividhadalaala daadi chesindi - longubaatu.
loo paakisthaan longubaatuto yuddamlo edhurina apajayam kaaranamgaa yahyakhan sthaanamloo jufil ali bhutto paakisthaan adhyakshudigaa adhikaarapeetam adhishtinchu
1971 taruvaata.paakisthaan consitution af paakisthaan gaaa demacrusy margamlo payanimchimdimadya pakistha democracy punaruddharinchabadindi. 1972–1977 sveeya chaitanyam. soshalizam, paakisthaanii jaateeyata desavyaaptamgaa punaruddharana kaaryakramaalu churukugaa saagaayi, taruvaata. loo paakisthaan abhivruddhi padhaakaalu chaepattimdi 1972 alaage neuclear niyanthrana kaaryakramaalu chaepattimdi. videsheejokyam addukovadaniki vidhvamsakara maargaanni vadili modati neuclear pvr pra |
jektunu praarambhinchindi. loo modhatisaarigaa bharat modati saarigaa neuclear parosodha jarapadam paakisthaan.
1974 ku preranha kaliginchadam valanaloo paakisthaan neuclear vepan parisoedhana poortichesindi 1979 seinika charyatho paakisthaan democracy mugimpuku vacchindi. 1977 loo. 1978genaral jiah vul - hq paakisthaan adhyakshapadavi chepattaadu-adhyakshudu genaral jiah chepattina corporate sector af paakisthaan. islamisation af ekanami padhakaalu dakshinaasiyaalo vaegavanthamaina deshaalajaabithaalo okatiga chesindi , neuclear niyanthrana.
islamisation abhivruddhi sampradaayavaada tatvam abhivruddhi konasaagindi, taruvaata paakisthaan afghanistan. loo rashyaa karyakalapaku vyatirekamga yuyess karyakalapalaku sahakaaram andinchindi.jiah maranam.
vimaanapramaadamlo muhammadu jiah
1988 vul- cac maranam taruvaata zulfikar aali bhutto kumarte benazir bhutto paakisthaan modati mahilhaa pradhaana mantrigaa ennika cheyabadindhi- paakisthaan peeples parti taruvaata sampradaayavaada paakisthaan muslim leaguue.
ene (adhikaaram chaepattimdi) taruvaata dasaabdhamlo yea remdu partylu maarchimaarchi adhikaaram chaepattaayi. thoo polchithe taruvaata dasaabdhamlo desaaardhika vyvasta kshininchindi. 1980 taruvaata paakisthaan dheerghakaalam dravyolbhanam. astirata, lanchagonditanam, paakisthaan jaateeyavaadam, bhaugoollika rajakeeyam, bharat, thoo shatruthvamsoshalizam patanam, sampradaayavaadam, modalaina amsaalamadhya chikkukupoyindi, loo paakisthaan jaateeya ennikalallo paakisthaan muslim leaguue. 1997 ene (athyadhika aadhikhyata saadhinchindi) loo bharat pradhani atala. 1988 behari wazpaay netrutvamlo nirvahinchabadina pokran anvaayudha parisoedhanaku samaadhaanangaa musharaff netrutvamlo rendava paakisthaan anvaayudha parisoedhana nirvahimchabadimdiKargil iddam.
loo paakisthaan
1999 bharat madya sounika garshanalu adhikarinchi Kargil yudhaaniki daariteesaayi , sivil. milataree sangharshanalu genaral pervaiz musharraf paakisthaan adhikaaraanni chepattadaaniki anumatinchaayi- nundi. 1999 varku musharaff hd af dhi govarment 2001 gaaa paakisthaannu paalinchaadutaruvaata. nundi 2001 varku paakisthaan adhyakshuniga paalinchaadu 2008 musharaff paalanaloe aadhunikeekarana. sanghika swaatantram, aardhika samskaranala podiginpu modalaina caryalu chepattabaddayi, taruvaata paakisthaan yu. yess thoo kalisi tiivravaadamtoe chosen yuddamlo paalginnadi.paakisthaan naeshanal assembli vijayavantamga. samvatsaraala paalana muginchina taruvaata 5 nevemberu 2007-na pakustan jaateeya ennikalaku paakisthaan ennikala committe pilupunu icchindi 15loo benajir bhutto kalchivetaku guraina taruvaata.2007 loo paakisthaan peeples parti surakshita aadhikhyatatho vision saadhinchindi 2008 taruvaata yousaf raza gilani pradhani padavini chepattaadu. musharaff medha aaropinchabadina neraropana udyamaaniki verachi musharaff. auguste 2008 na adhyakshapadaviki raajeenaamaa chosen taruvaata asif aali zardari adhyakshapadavi chepattaadu 18paakisthaan nyaayavyavasthatho yerpadina gharshanala taruvaata yousaf raza gillani. . juun loo pradhaanapadaviki anarhudani nirnayinchabadindhi 2012 tiivravaadamtoe yuddamlo paakisthaan patra. teevravaadam medha iddam kharidu, amarican dollars 67.93 antey kaaka teevravaadam kaaranamgaa dadapu. lakshala mandhi prajalu svasthalam nundi taralinchabaddaaru 30 loo nirvahinchabadina paakisthaan jaateeya ennikalu. . 2013 loo paakisthaan muslim leaguue (2013)ene (amoghamaina aadhikhyata saadhinchindi) taruvaata navaabu Sharif pradhanamantri padavi alankarinchaadu. samvatsaraala taruvaata paakisthaan. 14 loo tirigi democracy sthapinchabadindhiprabhutvavidhaanaalu.
paakisthaan islam matapraatipadika kaligina prajaasvaamya desam
paakisthaan fedearl paarlamemtarii vidhaanam kaligi Pali. loo modhatisaarigaa paakisthaan comsstitiession. 1956 nirmitamainadi
ayinappatikee. loo nilipiveyabadi 1958 loo punarnirminchabadindi 1962 samagramaina paakisthaan constitution. nundi amalai 1973 loo jiah 1977 vul-haque chetha radducheyabadi-loo tirigi amalucheyabadindi 1985 paakisthaan milataree paakisthaan raajakeeyacharitra lalo keelakapatra vahistundi. seinika paalana kaalamlo adhyakshuni. milataree nirnayistundhi prajaaswaamyakaalamlo adhyakshuni ennika prajaaswaamyavidhaanamla nirnayinchabaduthundhi. paakisthaan. loo bahulaparti vidhaanam kaligivundhimee maasamloo paakisthaan. 2013 loo genaral electionlu vijayavantamga nirvahinchabaddaayividesheevyavahaaraalu.
jasankhyaaparamgaa rendavasthaanamlo unna muslindesamgaa
modatisthaanamlo indonesan Pali (anvaayudhaalu kaligina ekaika muslindesamgaa paakisthaan gurtinchabadutuu prapancharaajakeeyaalalo keelakapatra vahistundi) , sagam vyavasaayam. sagam paarishraamika desam ayina paakisthaan aardhikaram videesheevyavahaaralatho adhikanga mudipadi Pali , paakistha |
an sevaasamsthalu. corparetion, pouravyavastha kudaa videsi vyavahaaralato mudivadiundi , sthiramaina videsheevidhaanaalatho paakisthaan videshaalatho sumukhamaina sanbandhaalanu kaligi Pali.
bharat nirvahimchina pokran anvaayudha parisoedhana taruvaata paakisthaan anvaayudha parisoedhana jarapadaaniki dhaaritheesindhi. antarjaateeya.
praamukhyata prapamcham chamurusaraphara margamlo undadam
chamurootpatti cheestunna madhyaaaiyiyaadesaalaku sameepamlo undadam paakisthaan , ku antarjaateeya praamukhyata kaligisthundhiloo paakisthaan.
2004 aarganyjeshan af islaamik cooperation " af dhi uunited stetes vaaa againist terrarismlo , mazer nato alle (sahakaaram paakisthaan praamukhyata antarjaateeyamgaa adhikam ayindhi) paakisthaan videsheevidhaanam. paakisthaan bhaugoollika vyuham aardhikarangam , paakisthaan jaatiiyatarakshana , praanteeyasamaikhyata, sahamuslim deshaalatho satsambhandhaala medha kendrikarinchi Pali, paakisthaan aikhyaraajyasamiti saswata sabhyatvam. saasvata praatinidhyam kaligi Pali , paakisthaan muslim prapanchamloo aadhinikataku aadarana istunna deshamgaa gurtinchabadutundi paakisthaan commonwealth deeshaala sabhyatvam kaligi Pali. south asean associetion far reasenal cathporation.
ekanaamik corparetion, z, devaliping deeshaala sabhyatvam kudaa kaligi Pali 20 paakisthaan ijraayelu Madhya doutyasambandhaalu leavu. ayinappatikee ijraayelu prajalu paryatana nimitham paakisthaan. ku vachi pothuntaaruaarmeniyaatho sambandhaalu laeni okeoka desam paakisthaan Bara.
ayinappatikee aarmeniyanlu ippatikee pakisthan. loo nivasistunnaarupaakisthaan midle eest deshalu.
itara muslim deshaalatho rajakeeya , sanghika, aardhika sambandhaalu kaligi muslim deeshalaloo praamukhyata Pali , paakisthaan chainato doutyasambandhaalu yerparuchukunna modati desam paakisthaan. alaage. indo 1962 chainaa iddam taruvaata paakisthaan-chinala Madhya snehasambandhaalu konasaagutuu unnayi , chainaa republik prapancha pradhaana desam kaavadaniki paakisthaan enthagaano sahakarinchindhi.
1960–1989 uunited stetes adhyakshudu chainaa paryatanaku paakisthaan sahakarinchindhi. loo America adhyakshudu nexon chainalo paryatinchaadu. 1972paakisthaan. loo praamtiyaantarjaateeya paristitulu chainaa , paakisthaan madya sanbandhaalanu balaparustuu unnayi , badhuluga paakisthaan. chinala madya paraspara aardhika sahakaaram , sikharaagraaniki chaerukumdi chainaa paakisthaan. loo mailika sadupayala nirmaanaala medha pettubadulu pedthundhigwader oddha dp. vaatar Port nirmaanam okatiloo chainaa paakisthaan madya jargina.
2000 chainaa "paakisthaan phri trade aggrement-ippatikee konasaagutuu Pali" alaage paakisthaan chainaa.muslim deeshaala madya varadhila sahakaaram andistundi-, bharat. thoo bhaugoollika shatruthvam unnappatikee paakisthaan turqeyiranian lato rajakeeya sanbandhaalanu konasaagistundi , soudi arabian kudaa pakustan. thoo gauravaneeya sambandhalu kaligi PaliKashmir sangarshanhatho bharat pock madya peddha aghaatam erpadindi. . Kashmir kaaranamtoe irudesaala madya. maarlu iddam sambhavinchindi 4 soveit. 1950 , 1980 aafgha iddam vento rajakeeya kaaranaala valana soveit union-thoo vibedhaalu talettaayipaakisthaan uunited stetes sannihitasambandhita deeshalaloo okati. nundi paakisthaan rashyaala madya palurangaalalo paraspara sambandhaalu merugupaddaayi. 1999 paakisthaan uunited stetes madya balamaina antarangika sambandhaalu unnayi.
colled vaaa paakisthaan uunited stetes. thoo kalisi panichaesimdipaakisthaan rahasyamgaa anaayudhaalu thaayaaruchesina wasn bahirgatam ayina taruvaata America paakisthaan sambandhaalu balaheenapaddaayi. 1990 uunited stetes teevravaadaaniki vyatirekamga jaripina poru America paakisthaan. lu sannihitam ayinappatikee afghan iddamtaruvaata sambandhaalalo teevravaadam kaaranamgaa samasyalu eduraiyyaayi (2001) nundi pratyeka baluchisthan vaadulu nairutii baluchisthan. 1948 loo tarachugaa aadolana chesthunnaarunirvahanaavibhaagaalu.
fedearl pathlamentary republik rajyaanga paakisthaan feedeeration
loopanjaabu (khaibar, sindhi, baluchisthan , nalaugu vibhagalu unnayi) tribal belt. . giljit,baluchisthan- islamabad kapitle territery, ajad Kashmir paerita nalaugu nirvahanhaa vibhagalu unnayi , paakisthaan prabhuthvam d faketo staendard. vidhaanam anusaristhundhi " paakisthaan paalana treetire.
paakisthaan jillaalu (taaluukaalu, union councils af paakisthaan , cyst anusarinchi nirvahinchabaduthundi) okkokka vidhanaaniki ennika vidhaanamlo sabhyulanu ennikachestaaru. tribal eriyalo edu girijanapraantaalu. aaru chinna sarihaddu pranthalu unnayi , paakisthaan nyaayavyavastha. paakisthaan intellisms community paakisthaan chattaparidhilo panichestaayi , deeni crinda naeshanal intellisms dictorate. paridhiloo fedearl previnsial sthaayiloo panichestundi , fedearl inchestigation agency. intellisms beuro, naeshanal highways, moter ways af paakisthaan, paakisthaan rangers , frantier corps vento paramilitary dhala |
alu panicheestuntaayi , paakisthaan korat sistamlo paakisthaan supriim korat agrasthaanamlo umtumdi.
haikort af paakisthaan. fedearl shariat koortulu, okkoka bhuugaanaaniki okati (fedearl kapitle , loo okatijalla koortulu), okkoka jillaku okati (judicial magistrate kortu), okkoka Kota (okkoka pattaanaaniki okati , egjicutive magistrate kortu), sivil koortulu unnayi , paakisthaan peanl kood girijanapraantaalalo parimitiki lobadi umtumdi.
girijan praantaalaku girijan sampradayalanu anusarinchi chattam amalu cheyabaduthundhi. sainikadalam.
paakisthaan sainikabalamlo prampancham
va sthaanamloo Pali 8ganankalanu anusarinchi puurtisamayam panichesevaari sanka. 2001 rijarv dhalam 6,17,000. paakisthaan milatiry 5,13,000
loo ruupomdimchabadimdi 1947 paakisthaan rajakiyalalo milataree keelakapaatravahinchindi. jaint chiefs af committe aadhvaryamloo chain af comaand vidhulu nirvahinchabadutuntaayi. jaint staph headkwaraters ravalpundi milataree jillaaloo Pali. chairaman jaint chieph af staph committe sainikadalaaniki unttaadhikaarigaa. prabhuthvaaniki pradhaana seinika salahaadaarugaa vuntadu , jaint chieph af staph committe unnataadhikaari sainikadalaanni niyantristuntaadu.
alaage sainikadalam. prabhuthvam Madhya vyuuhaathmaka anusandhaanakartagaa vuntadu , paakisthaan armi pradhaana shaakhalu vaayudalam.
naukaadalam, paakisthaan marin, viitiki paakisthaan paarlalamentarii fores sahakaaram andistundi anvaayudhaparisodhanaa niyanthrana. udyuuganiyaamakam, comaand, control, Datia, kampyootarlu, intellisms, survilens, neuclear camand control sainikadalam baadhyatalo bhaagamgaa untai, uunited stetes.
turqey, chainaa deshalu paakisthaan, thoo sannihitha sambandhaalu kaligi untu paakisthaanku avasaramaina aayidhaalanu sarafarachestu unnayitarachugaa chainaa. turqey deshaalatho kalisi seinika sikshnha nirvahinchabaduthundi, nundi zammu Kashmir.
1947 loo naalugumaarlu indopock yudhalu jarigaay- loo paakisthaan paschima Kashmir bhuubhaagaanni. 1947ajad Kashmir (gilhit), baluchisthan Tamluk chesukundi, india turupu paakisthaan. nu Tamluk chesukundiloo jargina yuddamlo turupu bengali saranaardhula samasya talettindi. 1963yea kaaranamgaa. indo 1971 pock iddam jargindi- Kargil oddha sambhavimchina sangharshana falithamgaa. loo maroka maaru indo 1999pock iddam sambhavinchindi- nundi afghan pock sarihaddu samasyalu saika turugubaatuku kaaranam ayindhi. 1947 loo. 1961afghan sarihaddulo bajour agemsi oddha unna paakisthaan sainikadalam tirugubatu chesindi
aikhyaraajyasamiti saantidalam.
paakisthaan aikhyaraajyasamiti saantiparirakshana dalamlo
uunited neshams pease keeping mishams (bhaagaswaamyam vahistundi) loo somali mogadish oddha chikkukupoyina amarican sainikulanu vidipinchadaaniki paakisthaan pradhaanapaatra vahinchimdi. 1993 uunited neshams nivedikalo. yu " ene pease keeping mishan.loo paakisthaan sainikulu adhikasamkhyaloo unnarantelipindi paakisthaan konni arrab deeshaala rakshana badyatha vahisthu sainikulanu niyaminchindi.
alaage sounika sikshnha. salahaasampradimpula badyatha vahistundi , loo paakisthaan air fores.
1967 paakisthaan naukaadala fighter pailatlu midle eest seinika dalamgaa nilichi sarel , ku vyatirekamga aaru rojula iddamyom kippur yuddamlo poraadaaru , loo paakisthaan fighter pailatlu aaru rojula yuddamlo izral vimanalanu kuulchaaru. 1973 arrab deshaalatho seinika sambandhaalu.
loo soudi arabian prabhutva abhyardhana medha
1979 arabian sainikula sahaayaardham arabialoni makkaloni graandu maseeduku maseed (all-haaram- paakisthaan special sarviis brumdaalu pampabaddayi) loo jargina gulf yuddamlo yu. 1991 yess.naayakatvam vahimchina sainikulatho cry paakisthaan.sainikulatho 5,000 paalgonnadi nundi paakisthaan vaayavya bhuubhaagamloe tehreek.2004 thaaliban paakisthaan- thoo talapadindipaakisthaan seinika dhalam aaparesha black tander strom. aapareshan raah yea nijat vento mazer aapareshan , lanu nirvahimchimdiKashmir samasya.
dakshinasiya nairutilo unna Kashmir bhoobhaagam vishayamlo bharat pock madya nirantara vivaadaalu konasaagutunnaayi
bharat. pock Kashmir vivaadham koraku bharat – pock bruhattara pranaalikato moodumaarlu – iddam jargindi (1947, 1965, 1971) iddam paakisthaan sharatulu laeni longubaatuku sakshyamga nilichimdi. 1971 alaage aasamayamlo jargina Shimla oppandam kaaranamgaa bangladeshku porthi swatantrayam labhinchindi. itara tiivramaina seinika sangharshanhalalo. jargina saichen sangharshana 1984 loo jargina Kargil iddam gurtinchataginavi , 1999 rajasthanamga unna laddakh. saichen , thoo cherina jaammuuKashmir bhuubhaagamloe shumaaru – Kashmir bhoobhaagam bharat aadheenamlo Pali 45.1% yuddamlo. paakisthaan aakramita pradeesam Kashmir looajad Kashmir(giljit , baluchisthan-Pali) 38% Kashmir |
vivaadhaaniki. loo bharat pock 1947lanu vibhajinchina samayamlo british aadhipathyam teeskunna nirnayam muulangaa Palivibhajana samayamlo Kashmir bhoobhaagam pock. thoo vileenam cheyala leka bharatthoo vileenam cheyala leka swatantradesamgaa undala annana wasn rajasthanam ayina Kashmirku ivvaalani british prabhutva nirnayaaniki bharatpock - lu angeekarinchaayiKashmir maharaju tanaraajyaanni harisingh bharat. thoo vileenam cheyadanki angeekarinchaadupaakisthaan muslim prajala aadhikhyata.
bhougolikam aadhaaramga Kashmir bhuubhaagaanni korukunaru , adae kaaranaalatoo remdu swatanter rajyalau kaavalani korukunaru. bharat vivaadaanni.
loo aikhyaraajyasamiti varku teesukuvellaaru 1948 loo uunited neshams sekyuuritii kainsil resolution veluvadindi.
1948 aikhyaraajyasamiti genaral assembli paakisthaan sainikabrundaalanu vivaadita Kashmir bhuubhaagaanni vadilivellaalani aadaesimchimdi. ayinappatikee paakisthaan Kashmir bhuubhaagaanni vidichipettaka mundhey. loo sarihaddulu nirnayistuu oppandam kudhirindhi 1949 Kashmir bhuubhaagaanni bharat. paakisthaan , laku vibhajinchabadindhipaakisthaan Kashmir prajalaku ennika nirvahinchi prajala abhipraayaanni gouravistuu nirnayam teesukolani aikhyaraajyasamitini korukunaru. bharat mathram Shimla oppandam.
aadhaaramga Kashmir akhanda bhaaratamlo bhaagamani vaadinchindi (1972) sameepakaalamlo swatanter Kashmir vudyamam falithamgaa Kashmir bharat. pock nundi vidivadi swatantramgaa undagaladani bhavistunaaru-chattam amalu.
fedearl prabhuthvam
paakisthaan plays vyasastha paakisthaan chattam amalu badyatha vahistundi , paakisthaan. loni nalaugu pranthalurajadhani islamabad praantaalaku vidividiga plays dhalam umtumdi , fedearl sthaayiloo paakisthaan. loo palu intellisms brumdaalu panicheestuntaayiveetilo fedearl imvestigation agemsi. intellisms beuro, naeshanal highways, , motorway bhaagamgaa unnayi , alaage palu paakisthaan paarlamemtarii balagaalalo naeshanal gaurd af paakisthaan. paakisthaan uttarabhuubhaagaalu, paakisthaan renjarlu, panjaabu paakisthaan (sarihaddu dhalaalu khaibar pankhutwa) , baluchisthan bhaagamgaa unnayi , sivil plays.
sivilian polis adhikaarulalo adhikam paakisthaan plays vyavasthaloo bhaagamgaa unnare
avi nalaugu praantaalaku chendina adiministrate unitluga unnayi. ivi varusaga panjaabu. plays (simdhu), polis (khaibar panktuva), plays (baluchisthan) , plays (unnayi) viitiki inspector generals aadhipathyam vahisthaaru. rajadhani islamabad bhuugaanaaniki vaerugaa plays vyvasta. kapitle territery plays (Pali), dhi craim investigate departmentu af paakisthaan neravibhaagaaniki badyatha vahisthu praamtiya plays vyavasthaloo pradhaanapaatra vahisthaaru. jaatiiyarahadaari.
paakisthaan chattam amalu vibhaganlo jaatiiyarahadaarlu
motorvelu plays bhaagamgaa Pali , okkokka praantaaniki okkoka plays vibhaagam Pali. naeshanal couture terrarism atharity kudaa andhulo bhaagamgaa Pali. pramukhula rakshana koraku ooka couture terrarism vibhaagam panichestundi. panjaabu paakisthaan. simdhu , paakisthaan renjarlu yuddhabhoomilo sevalu andistaaru, varu plays vibhaganiki suichanalu isthu chattam amaluku sahakaaram aniphistuntaaru. frantier corps khaibar. baluchusthan praantaalaloo sevalu andhisthunnaaru , bhougolikam.
paakisthaan bhougolikam
pakustan vaataavaranam athantha vaividyam kaligi utundi , paakisthaan. loo palu vaividhyamyna jantujaalam Palipaakisthaan vaishaalyam.
cha 7,96,095 ki.mee.idi dadapu fraams. uunited kingdamla motham vaisaalyaaniki samaanam , vaisaalyaparamgaa paakisthaan antarjaateeyamgaa.
va sthaanamloo Pali 36vivaadaamsamaina Kashmir vaishaalyam cherchadam thedaalalo vargiikaranhalo vyatyaasaalu vumdavacchu. paakisthaan arebiyan samudrathiram. gulf af oman samudrathiram motham , podavu ki 1046 mee.paakisthaan bhoobhaagam sarihaddu motham podavu. ki 6774mee indhulo afghanistan.paakisthaan sarihaddu podavu – ki 2430 mee.paakisthaan., chainaa sarihaddu podavu- ki 523 mee.bharat., paakisthaan – ki 2912 mee.paakisthaan , iranian sarihaddu podavu – ki 909 mee.paakisthaan samudrateeraanni oman. thoopanchukontuu Pali paakisthaan oman lanu tajikistan colled. , nero wakhan carridar veruchestundi, bhougolikamgaa paakisthaan dakshinasiya. midle eest, madya asiya lalo praadhaanyata kaligina bhuubhaagamloe Pali , bhougolikamgaa paakisthaan.
loni simdhpanjaabu bhoobhaagaalu eandian tectanic platelets , loo Palipaakisthaan. loni baluchisthankaibar pakhtunkhya loni adhika bhaagam eurasian platelets , loopradhaanamgaa iranean platelets (Pali) giljit. baluchi sthan – Kashmir eandian platelets anchuna adhikanga bhumpalu sambhavinchadaaniki praanthamlo Pali , dakshinha paakisthaan. loo samudrateeramlo glassiated parvataalu unnayiUttar paakisthaan. loo maidaanaaluedaarulu, peethabhoomulu unnayi , bhaugoollika vibhajana.
paakisthaan bhougolikamgaa Uttar eguva bhoomulu |
sindhuunadii maidanam, baluchisthan peethabhoomi muudu pradhaana bhaagaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi , Uttar eguvabhoomulalo karakoram.
hinduism kush, pamir parvatam modalaina parvatasrenulu untai , ikda ettaina sikharaalu kudaa unnayi. veetilo. ait toujanders 14 " parvatasikharaalalo" paakisthaan 5 loo unnayiivi antarjaateeya parvathaaroohakulanu paakisthaan. vaipu aakarshistunnaayi parvathaaroohakulanu aakarshinche sikharaalalo kao. etthu-2 mee 8611nanga prabhat etthu , mee sikharaalu pradhaanamienavi 8126 baluchistan peethabhoomi dhaar adaari thuurpuna Pali.
desamlo. ki 1609 mee podavuna sindhuunadi dani upanadulu Kashmir nundi arebiyan samudram vaipu pravahistunnaayi.panjaabuku sindhuunadi vistaaramaina saravantamaina mattini chaerustuu umtumdi. vaataavaranam.
paakisthaan vaataavaranam ushnamadala vaataavaranaaniki ateetangaa komchem vyatyaasamgaa umtumdi
samudrateera praanthamlo podi vaataavaranam nelakoni umtumdi. varshaakaalamlo adhika varshapaatam kaaranamgaa tarachugaa varadhalu sambhavistuntaayi. alaage podi seejanlo takuva Barasat leka asalau varshalu padakundaa umtumdi. paakisthaan vaataavaranaanni naluguga vibhajinchavachhu. podigaa umdae sheetla vaataavaranam. decemberu (phibravari – vedigaa podigaa umdae vasantakaalam), march (mee – veasavi), varshaakaalam , juun (september – varshaakaalaantara seeson aktobaru), novemeber –vrukshajaalam.
jantujaalam , bhaugoollika
vaataavarana vyatyaasaalu athyadhika jatula chetlu , mokkalu pushkalamgaa peragadaniki dhohadham chesthundu , paakisthaan. loo coniferousalpine, subal , pine modalaina vaividyamaina aranyaalu unnayiUttar bhuubhaagamlooni parvathaalalo aranyalalo srous. pine, deevadaaru chetlu adhikanga kanipisthunataayi , sulaiman parvathaalalo mulberry modalaina deciduse chetlu adhikanga untai. dakshinha bhuubhaagamlooni baluchistan. simdh, panjaabu praantaalaloo kobbari , phoenix chetlu adhikanga untai , paschima parvathaalalo uniper. tamarisk, padunugaa umdae gaddi, podhalu untai , dakshinamlo unna samudrateera tadibhoomulalo mangrov aranyaalu untai. coniferous aranyaalu samudramattaaniki.
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meetarla ettuna Surat 1000-4000 vaayavya bhuubhaagamloe untai , podaarina baluchisthan bhuubhaagamloe taati. etha vento ekadalabija chetlu, efedra chetlu kanipisthunataayi, panjaabu. simdh modalaina trapical , sab trapical drai und moist aranyaalu untai , yea aranyalalo mulberry. acasia, eucaliftus chetlu untai , ganankalanu anusarinchi paakisthaan.2010 loni aranhyaala vaishaalyampaakisthaan 2.2%.
vaataavarana vaividhyam kaligi Pali paakisthaan. loo dadapupakshijaatulu kanipisthunataayi 668 saadharanamga kaakulu.
udutalu, mainalu, hq, falcon, gaddalu kanipisthunataayi , palas. kohisthan (loo gurtinchataginamgaa vestarn tragopan unnayi)paakisthaan. loo eurupmadya asiya, bharat nundi valasa vasthunna palu valasa pakshulu kanipisthunataayi , dakshinha bhuubhaagamlooni maidaanaalalo mungisalu.
punugu pilli, kundellu, aseatic nakka, bhartiya pangolin, adaari pilli, adivi pilli unnayi , sindhuu praanthamlo muggar mosallu unnayi. parisara praantaalaloo adivi pandi. jimka, mullapandi , elukalu kanipinchadam saadhaaranham , madya paakisthaan. loo unna diguvana unnaisuka bhoomulalo aseatic nakkalu chaarala haina, adivi pillulu, chirutalu unnayi , anakuula vaataavarana kaaranamgaa chetlu taakkuvagaa undadam. jinkalu meyadam valana vanyamrugaalu edaaribhoomulalo janthuvulu bhadrataleni sthithilo unnayi, cholistan. loo svalpamga chinkaaraalu kanipisthunataayipaakisthaan. bharat sarihaddulo cholistan- loo konni praantaalaloo swalpasankhyalo neal gaay kanipistuntundiUttar bhuubhaagamlooni parvathaalalo marcopola gorre. uriyal, markhor, ibex mekalu , asean black bier, himalayan brown bier modalaina palu jatula janthuvulu unnayi , yea praanthamlo aruduga manchu chirutalu. asean chirutalu, , simdh praanthamlo samrakshitapraantamlo blinded indus river dalfin unnayi. antharinchi potunna dhasaloo ivi. Bara migili unnayani bhavistunaaru 1,100 paakisthaan. . praanthamlo ksheeradaalu 174 sareesrupalu, 177 aafibianlu, 22 manchineeti chepalu, 198 akaserukaalu namoodhu cheyabaddaayi, 5,000 paakisthaan vrukshajaalam.
jantujaalam palu samasyalu edurkontunnadi , aranhyaala narikivetalo paakisthaan antarjaateeyamgaa rendava sthaanamloo Pali. vaeta. vaataavarana kaalushyam paryaavaranam medha teevraprabhavam chuuputunnaayi , jaateeya parkulu.
abhayaaranyaalu , prasthutham paakisthaan
loo aiyu.sea.ene gurthimpu pondina.samrakshita pranthalu unnayi 157 adhunika sarakshita praantaala chattam anusarinchi paakisthaan prabhuthvam erpaatu chosen jaateeya park. loovanyamrugaalu thama sahajasiddha vaataavaranamlo tirugaadutuu unnayi
bahavalpur oddha unna. lall suhamra naeshanal park "loo sthapinchabadindhi" 1972 idi paakisthaan.
loni okeokabiosphere rijarv "gaaa gurtinch |
abadutundi" giljit baltistan oddha unna. central karakoram naeshanal park" desamloni athipedda naeshanal park "gaaa gurtinchabadutundideeni vaishaalyam. cha 13,90,100 he.paakisthaan. loni athi chinna naeshanal parkayyub naeshanal park" vaishaalyam " cha 931 he.moulhika sadupayala nirmaanamu.
aardhikam
paakisthaan vegavantamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna desam
alaage tharuvaathi. deeshalaloo okatiga gurtinchabadutundi 11 prapanchapu bruhattara aardhikashakti. kaligina deeshalaloo ooka deshamgaa maradaniki avaksam unna deeshalaloo paakisthaan okati ani bhavistunaaru 21 dasabdhaalugaa desamlo nelakonna rajakeeya astirata kaaranamgaa.
natiki paakisthaan tiivramaina aardhikalotunu edurkonnadi 2013 tatkaaranamgaa tiivramaina nirvahanhaa lopam. kramaparachadaaniki veelukaani aardhika samasyalanu edurkonnadi , alaage kaneesaavasaaraalaina railway sevalanu. vidyuttu utpattini andinchadaaniki avasaramaina punaruddharana , abhivruddhicheyadaaniki veelukaani paristhititulu edurkonnadi , paakisthaan aardhikarangam semi industrilise. gaaa bhavistunaarusindhunadee parivaahaka pranthalu abhivruddhi chendi Pali. paakisthaan aardhikarangam karachi aardhikam. panjaabu nagarapranta aardhikamgaa vibhajinchabadindhi , itarapraamtaalaloo abhivruddhi thakkuvaga Pali. paakisthaan. z 2011 di. p.biliyan amarican dollars undavachani anchanaaveeyabadindi202 z. di.p konugolu sakta.millionlu amarican dollars 838.164 talasari aadaayam z.
di.p.amarican dollars. 1,197 kapitle z, di.p.amarican dollars 4,602 z , di.p.runasaatam. prapancha Banki aardhikaabhivruddi koraku paakisthaan vyoohaatmakangaa krushichestundani bhaawistundi 55.5%.
sankhyaaparamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna paakisthaan yuvatha deeshaabhivruddiki saripadinanta manavavanarula shakthini andinchagaladani bhavistunaaru. alaage. deeshaaniki adhikanga sevaaranga abhivruddhi upaadhikalpana vento savaallanu edurkonavalasina avsaram kudaa Pali , loo. 2013 prapanchabyank veluparinchina nivedika prapancha aardhikasaktilo paakisthaan va sthaanamloo undani alaage konugolu shakthilo 24va sthaanamloo undani telustundhi 45dakshinasiya deeshalaloo aardhikasaktilo paakisthaan rendava sthaanamloo Pali.
dakshinasiya aardhikamlo paakisthaan aardhikaranga z. di.p.Pali 15% paakisthaan arambham nundi aardhikaabhivruddi vaividhyam kaligi Pali.
demacrusy samayamlo aardhikaabhivruddi veegam thakkuvaga unnappatikee martial laaw amaluloo unna muudu kaalaalo adhbhuthanga Pali. ayinappatikee samaanamaina. sthiramaina deeshaabhivruddiki saraina poonaadulu nirminchabadaledu , lalo aardhika samskaranhalu chaepatti abhivruddhi panlu chepattina taruvaata pedarikam. .
2000 taggindi 10% z. di.p.abhivruddhi chendhindhi 3% loo aardhikarangam kontha patanaavasthaku chaerukumdi. 2007 loo inflation.2008 paakisthaan physically paalaseeki internationale manitary funded sahakaristhundhi 25.0%.
taruvaata savatsaram asean develepmentu Banki nivedika paakisthaan aardhika sankshoebham taggindani theliyajesindhi. physically inflation saatam.
. 2010-11 janavari 14.1%.
trade aarganyjeshan sarve jjapan companylatho vaanijya sambandhaalu adhikanga unna deeshalaloo 2014 tiwan taruvaata sthaanamloo paakisthaan undani velladinchindi jjapan kampeneelaku paakisthaan. 27 thoo vyaapaarasambandhaalu unnayani bhavistunaarucommodity.
mudisaruku peddha ettuna utpatthi cheestunna deeshalaloo paakisthaan okati
paakisthaan sraamikasakti prapanchamloo. va sthaanamloo Pali 10paakisthaan nundi. millionla vudyogulu uunited stetes 11 loo panicheystuubiliyanla americandalarlu paakisthaan 11.2 ku pampi paakisthaan aardhikamgaaphysically iar 2011-12 ku sahakaristunnarupaakisthaan prajalu pradhaanamgaa uunited arrab emirates..
uunited stetes, soudi arabian, arrab stetes af dhi percian gulf, baharian, kuvait, katar, oman , austrelia, kanada,
jjapan, uunited kindam, naarvae, swidgerland deeshalaloo panichesthunnaru , world trade aarganyjeshan nivedika anusarinchi antarjaateeyamgaa paakisthaan egumatulu taggayani prapanchasthaayilo. loo paakisthaan egumatulu 2007 undani paerkonnadi 0.128% trade lotu. 2010-11 amarican dollars 11.217 paakisthaanii aardhikaranga nirmaanam.
paakisthaanii aardhikanirmaanam vyavasaayam nundi sevala vaipu marchabadindhi
vyavasaayam z. 2010 di.p loo.aikhyaraajyasamiti 21.2%. phud und agrikulture aarganyjeshan " nivedika anusarinchi " paakisthaan 2005 metrik tannula gooddhuma utpatthi chesindani idi african gooddhuma utpattikante 21,591,400 metrik tannulu (20,304,585 adhikamani) dakshinha America gooddhuma utpatthiki , idi (metrik tannulu 20,304,585 sameepamlo undani theliyajesthundhi) paakisthaan byanking.
2002–2007 vidyuttu rangaalalo thaginantha videsi p |
ettubadi pettabadindi , paakisthaan. loni parisramalalo dustulutex , tyledadapu (egumatulu 60% aahaaratayaarii) rasayana utpattulu, inumu, steele pradhaanamienavi , paakisthaan. loo paryaatakaramgam abhivruddhikipushkalamaina avaksam unnappatikee rajakeeya astirata ndhuku aadduga nilustundi
paakisthaan nirmaana rangam.
afghanistan avsarala kaarananga paakisthaan simemtu kampeneeluu vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunnayi , lopakistan. 2013 metrik tannula simemtu egumati chesindi 7,708,557 paakisthaan simemtu utpatthi. . 2012-2013 klinker utpatthi 44,768,250 , paakisthaan aardhika rangamloo simemt parisrama pradhaanapaatra vahistundi 42,636,428. videsi pettubadulu.
physically iar modati
2006 maasaalalo videsi pettubadi 9 biliyanla amarican dollars 2.22 portpolio pettubadi , millionla amarican dollars 407.4 paakisthaan state Banki. videsi pettubadi 2005- 06 millionla amarican dollars nundi 792.6 biliyanlaku chaerukumdi 2.224 paakisthaan state Banki sameepakaala nivedikanu anusarinchi Port polia. millionla amarican dollars nundi 108.1 amarican daalarlaku chaerukumdi 407.4% aardhika samvatsaramlo paakisthaan uunited stetes nundi. 2006–2007 biliyanla peddubadi 8.4 prabhutva lakshyam (biliyanlu 4 saadhinchindi) paakisthaan state Banki nivedika anusarinchi.
loo paakisthaan rajakeeya astirata kaaranamgaa videsi pettubadi gurtinchataginanta 2010 taggindi 54.6% tex.
tyle parisramapaakisthaan tex
tyle parisrama paakisthaan egumatulalo keelakapatra vahistundipaakisthaan. tex tyle utapattula egumatilo paakisthaan aasiyaalova sthaanamloo Pali 8 paakisthaan z. di.p tex.tyle rangamloo bhaagaswaamyam vahistundi 9.5% tex. tyle rangam paakisthaanlookotlamandiki upaadhi kalpisthundhi 1.5 sraamikasakti tex. 30% tyle rangamloo panichestundidesamlo panichestunna shraamikula sanka. kootlu 4.9 paakisthaan patthi utapattilo aasiyaalo. va sthaanamloo Pali 4 spinning shakthilo. va sthaanamloo Pali 3modati remdu sthaanaalaloo chainaa (bharat unnayi , paakisthaan antarjaateeya spinning shakthilo). bhaagaswaamyam vahistundi 5% paakisthaan tex. tiles adhikanga konugolu cheestunna deeshalaloo chainaa dviteeya sthaanamloo Palichainaa paakisthaan nundi patthi. patthi nuulu, patthi vasthraalu dhigumathi cheskuntundi , uunited kingdam motta tex. tyle digumatulalo paakisthaanbiliyanla amarican dollars 3.3% (1.07 chainaa) , biliyanla amarican dollars 12.4% (4.61 uunited stetes), biliyanla amarican dollars 2.98% (2.98 jarman), biliyanla amarican dollars 1.6% (0.88 bharat), biliyan 0.8% (0.888 amarican dollars bhaagaswaamyam vahistundi) byanking. .
paakisthaan byanking rangam kramamga abhivruddhi chendutuu Pali
byanking rangaaniki videsi. swadesi madupudaarlu bhaagaswaamyam vahistunnaru , byaankula madya pooti adhikaristuu Pali. deerghakaala prayojanalu vento aakarshanheeyamaina padhakaalatho vaadukarulanu aakarshinchadamlo byankulu pooti padutunnaayi. paakisthaan. loofully pledged islaamik byankulu 6 conventional byankulu sevalu andistunnaayi , 13 islaamik byanking. islaamik prabhaavita conventional byankulu paakisthaan banku vyavasthaloo , bhagaswamyam vahisthunnaayi 9.7%. loo revenyuu anusarinchi paakisthaan.
2012 loni bruhattara parisramala jaabithaacarporationlu:
anuvidyuttu
deetaa anusarinchi paakisthaan
2012 loo muudu licemscommersial neuclear pvr plants - anuvidyuttunu andistunnaayi neuclear pvr plantulanu nirmimchi paakisthaan muslim deeshalaloo aanusaktini upayoginchina modati deshamgaa gurthimpu pondindi.
yea plaantula nirvahanha badhyatanu. paakisthaan aatomic energy kamishan dhi cyntificond neuclear governamental atharity vahisthunnaayi, paakisthaan neuclear regyulaetarii atharity neuclia vupayoganni niyantristundhi. paakisthaan.
loo utpatthi cheyabadutunna vidyuttulo anusakti plaantulanundilabisthundhi 5.8% faasil fuel. petrolium(sakta) labisthundhi 62% jalavidyuttu, labisthundhi 29.9% koel pvr plantu nundi , vidyuttu labisthundhi 0.3% paakisthaan neuclear naane proliferation treatylo laeni nalaugu deeshalaloo paakisthaan. migilina deshalu india (izral, north koriyaa , okati) ayinappatikee paakisthaanintarneshana aatomic energy agemsi gd standig. loo sabhyatvam kaligi Palivaanijya avasaraalaku upakaristunna neuclear pvr plantuku chainaa republik asaktigaa sahakaristhundhi.
aarambhakaalamlo neuclear vidyuttu adhaaraala nundi chashmah reactor tayaarucheeyabadindi. loo chanda dwara modhatisaarigaa paakisthaan modati neuclear pvr plant ayina.1971 dhi karakhi neuclear pvr plantu " sthapinchabadindhi " taruvaata chainaa republik paakisthaan paarishraamika abhivruddhi koraku neuclear pvr plaantunu paakisthaan. ku vikrayinchindiloo chainaa. 2005 paakisthaan- lu jaint energy sekyuuritii plan koraku samakhyamgaa panichesaayiloo paakis |
thaan loni chasma oddha.
2008 neuclear pvr complexes "chashmah (chashmah neuclear pvr complexes 3) , chasma (sthaapinchabaddaayi 4) okkokati. megawatla vidyuttunu utpatthi chesthundu 320-340 viiti viluva. vandala kootlu 129 chainaa vento antarjaateeya deeshaala nundi, vandalakotla rupees vyayam cheyabaddaayi 80 loo india uunited stetes sivil.
2008 oppadam prabhaavaaniki badhuluga paakisthaan chainaa sahayamtho maroka agrimentu medha santhakam cheyabadindhi " eeplaantu viluva. biliyanla amarican dollars 1.7 deeni koraku. biliyanla videsheeranam labhinchindi 1.07 loo karachilo rendava neuclear pvr complexes adanapu reactors nirmaanamtho vistarana panlu praarambhinchabaddaayi. 2013 paakisthaan vidyuttu utpatthi palu parisramalaku vidyuttunu andistundi.
alaage paakisthaan loni nalaugu vibhagalaku samaanamgaa vidyuttunu andistundi. karachi loni. kao " alektrik.vaatar "
, pvr devalepmentu atharity atyadhikamgaa vidyuttunu utpatthi chessi deeshaaniki aadaayam andistundi , loo palu projekt.
2014 l dwaramegawatla vidyuttu utpatthi cheyabadindhi 22,797 paakisthaan neuclear regyulaetarii atharity nundi anumati pondina paakisthaan aatomic energy kamishan muudu vaanijya anuvidyuttu centres nundi anuvidyuttu utpatthi chesthundu.
neuclear pvr proograam kaligina okeoka muslim desam paakisthaan.
paakisthaan vidyuttu utpattilo anuvidyuttu nundi utpatthi cheyabaduthundhi 5.8% dharmal pvr steshion nundi. vidyuttu utpatthi cheyabaduthundhi 64% hydraulic pvr nundi. vidyuttu utpatthi cheyabaduthundhi 29.9% koel electricity nundi.vidyuttu cheyabaduthundhi 0.3% paryaatakam.
loo paakisthaan vaividyamaina samskrutika prajalu
2012 prakrutidrushyaalu paakisthaan , ku ooka mallan paryaatakulanu aakarshinchaayiloo paakisthaan nirvahinchadaaniki veelukaanantamandi paryaatakulanu akarshinchindi.1970 paryatakulu adhikanga khaibar passes. peshaavar, karachi, swat, pakisthan (ravalpindi nagaralaku adhikanga vasthuntaru) , himalya parvatamlo unna mohanjudaro. harppa, takshishila sidhilaalu paryaatakulanu adhikanga aakarshistunnaayi , paakisthaan. loomee kante adhikamaina ettaina palu parvatasikharaalu unnayi 700paakisthaan Uttar praanthamlo anek puraathana kotalu unnayi.
puraathana nirmaanaalu. hanjaloya, chitral loeya praantaalaloo islaamik puurva naastika kalasha prajalu greeq veerudu alegjaamdar samthathi vaarani bhavistunaaru, paakisthaan samskrutika rajadhani laahoor. loo moghul nirmaanaalaku udaharanaga unnayiveetilo badshahi maseedh. shalimar guardems, laahoor (jahangir samadhi), laahoor kota pradhaanamienavi , ivi paryaatakulanu aakarshinchadamlo pradhaanapaatra vahisthunnaayi. antarjaateeya aardhika sankshobhaniki mundhu paakisthaan. . 2015 nu vaarshikamgaalakshala mandhi paryatakulu sandarsinchaaru 5 nundi astirata kaaranamgaa paryatakula sanka taggindi. 2008 Kashmir bhukampam taruvaata.
2005 aktobaru dhi guardian 2006 paakisthaan loni " atythama paryaataka pranthalu 5 paakisthaan paryaatakaramgaaniki sahakaristunnayani varninchindhi" praantaalaloo takshashila.
5 laahoor, karakom highway, karimabad, hunja (saiful mulak sarasu unnayi) , ivi asamaanamaina paakisthaan samskrutika vaarasvatvaaniki vaividhyaaniki udaharanaga nilichaayi. loo.2009 dhi world ekanaamik forams travel " toorism competitiveness report & prapamancha vaarasatva sampadalalo " paakisthaan 25% loo unnayisindhuu loyalalo sindhuu nagarika chihnalu adhikanga unna harppa. mohanjudaarolu , samvatsaraala mangrov vrukshaalu unnayi , 5,000 prayaanasoukaryaalu.
paakisthaan trams
Port zdi.p.loo.bhaagaswaamyam vahistindi 10.5% paakisthaan rahadari ravaanhaa vyvasta bharat. bangladeshs, indonesan kante merugga umtumdi , ayinappatikee paakisthaan railway vyvasta chainaa. bharat kante venukabadi umtumdi , alaage vimaanavyavastha kudaa abhivruddhicheyavalasina avsaram Pali. pakustan jalamaargavyavastha chaaala svalpamga umtumdi. samudrateera. naukaavyavastha praatiiyaprajala avasaralanu kontavaraku teerchutuundi paakisthaan trams.
Port vyavasthaku vennamuka vento paakisthaan jaatiiyarahadaari podavuki 2,59,618mee.prayaaneekulu. 91% saruku ravaanaaku rahadari aadhaaramga Pali , 96% roddu tramsport vyvasta atyadhikamgaa privete rangam aadheenamlo Pali. saruku ravaanhaa vyvasta. privete samshthalu nirvahistunnaayi 95% naeshanal highway atharity jaatiiyarahadaari. moter , vaela nirvahanha badyatha vahistundijaatiiyarahadaari. moter , vee Uttardakshinaalanu kaluputuu dakshinha teeramlo unna naukaasrayaanni panjaabu- khaibar praanthaalatho anusandhanam chesthundu , motham desharahadaari margamlo. unna yea margam 4.2% traaphic aadhaaramga Pali 85% railu margam..
paakisthaan railway ministery af railway
paakisthaan (aadhvaryamloo panichestundi) loo |
taruvaata desavyaaptamgaa rahadhaarula nirmaanam. 1947–1970 aardhikaabhivruddi kaaranamgaa paakisthaan automotive parisrama abhivruddhi jarigevaraku paakisthaan prajala prayaanaalaku railumargam pradhaanamgaa Pali , nundi prayaaneekulu railway nundi adhikasthaayilo rahadari maargaala prayaanaalu enchukovadam arambham ayindhi. 1990 paakisthaan. loo automotive parisrama praarambhinchina taruvaata prajalu rahadari medha aadharapada adhikarinchindiprasthutham. paakisthaan prajalu raiprayaanaalaku praadhaanyata isthunnaru 10% sarikuravana railladwara jarudutundhi. 4% vyaktigata prayaanaalaku adhikanga automobil medha aadhaaadutunnaaru. madya railu margam podavu. 1990–2011 nundi 8,775 kudinchabadindi 7,791 paakisthaan chainaa. iranian, turqey deshaalatho vaanijyam koraku railway sevalalu vaadukovaalani eduruchustundi , vaayumaargam.
paakisthaan
loo dadapu milatareesivil upayogaalaku , vimaanaasrayaalu unnayi 139 jinna internationale vimaanaashrayam. "paakisthaan antarjaateeya mukhadwaaramgaa bhaavinchabadutundi" adanamga paakisthaan. loo pradhaanamgaa alama internationale vimaanaashrayambenajir butto internationale vimaanaashrayam, peshaavar internationale vimaanaashrayam, quetta internationale vimaanaashrayam, faisalabad internationale vimaanaashrayam, sailakot internationale vimaanaashrayam, multan internationale vimaanaashrayam modalaina vimaanaasrayaalu unnayi , paakisthaan aviation parisramalu. jaateeya, privete samshthalu unnayi , rashtralaku svantamaina samshthalu dadapu. dhesheeya prayaanaalu 73% sarukuravana chestunnayi , air bloo. shaheen air internationale, air indus modalaina privete samshthalu takuva kharchutho vimaanasevalu andistunnaayi , samudramargam.
pakustan
loo pradhaanamgaa karakhiPort af karakhi (simdh), Port af kwasim (modalaina naukaasrayaalu unnayi) gwader Port. 1990 gadani ship , braqing yard nirminchuna taruvaata naukaashraya kaaryakramaalu baluchi sthan – ku marchabaddayisanketikam. .
paakisthaan science und teknolgy paakisthaan moulikasadupaayaala abhivruddhi
paakisthaan aadhunikeekaranalo prabhaavavamtamaina paatraposhistundi , paakisthaan akaadami af saims. internationale nathiyaagali suummer collge karyakramalalo palgonadaniki pratisamvatsaram prapamcham amtati nundi nipunulanu aahvaanistuntaaru , loo paakisthaan abhivruddhi chendutunna deeshalaloo bhautikasastram.2005fysics in develeping kountry (seminar) ku aatidhyam icchindipramukha saankethika samshthalu.
paakisthaan theoritical physist abdus salaam tana
electro weak interaction "koraku nobul bahumati andukunnadu" paakisthaanii saastraelu influianshial publicetions.
critically scientiphic works in dhi adwamsed mathametics , biologi, ekanamiks, computers saims, genetics lalo dhesheeya , antarjaateeya stayi vidyanu andinchaalani yochistunnaru , pramukha shaasthravetthalu.
saadhanalu , rasayana shaastraveettha salimujjaman siddikvi vepachettu aushdhiiya gunalanu rasayana utpatthidaarula drushtiki teesukuvacchina modati paakisthaanii shaasthravetthagaa gurimpu pondadu
paakisthaanii neurosurgeon ayyub kao.
. ommaya. ommaya rejarvaayar " brain tumour " , medadu samasyalakuparishkaara vidhaanaaluaavichkarinchaaaaaa , saanketikaabhivruddhi samshthalu.
scientiphic reesearch
abhivruddhi paakisthaan vishwavidhyaalayaallo keelakapatra vahistundi , vishvavidyaalayalu prabhutvasahakaaramtho naeshanal park. laboratorylu nirvahimchabadutunnaayi , alaage scientiphic reesearch paakisthaan parisramalaku sahakaaram andistundi. loo paakisthaan scientiphic peparlu prachuristunna deeshalaloo paakisthaan.
2010 va sthaanamloo Pali 43 paakisthaan. loni saktivantamaina shaastreeya samuuhaaniki chendinapaakisthaan akaadami af science paakisthaan prabhutva saims vidhaanaalu roopondhinchadamloo sifaarsulu cheyadamlo keelakapatra vahistundi " loo abhivruddhichendina.1960 asean antarikshaprayogaalalo bhaagamgaa spaces und upper atmosphere reesearch kamishan "naayakatvamlo atyaadhunika rocketary" electranics, eyironomi utpattulu cheyabaddaayi , antariksha parisoedhana.
paakisthaan
lonispaces und upper atmosphere reesearch kamishan program paakisthaan chosen gurtinchatagina vinyaasalu saadhanalu namoodhu chesindi , yea prayoogam paakisthaan antariksha prayoogam chosen modati dakshinasiya deshamgaa chesindi. loo badar phast satellite taayaaru chessi vijayavantamga prayoginchabadindi.1990 yea prayoogam paakisthaan. ku antharikshamlo satellite nilabettina modati muslim desamrendava dakshinasiya deshamgaa gurthimpu teesukuvachindi , indo pock iddam taruvaata. 1971 paakisthaan und vepams af masses destruction " videsi dandayaatralanu addukovadaniki anubaambunu tayaaruchesindi " anuparisodhana.
bharat
thoo pooti paakisthaan anubambu parisoedhana chepattina deshaalajaabithaalo sthaanam pondaelaa chesindiloo chaagai neuclear parisoedhana taruvaata paakisthaan anubambu tayaaruchaesina edavadesamgaa gurthinchabadindi. 1988 antarcitica.
paakisthaan antarcitica program sthaapinchina taruvaata atarchitica parisoedhana kriyaaseelakamgaa cheestunna swalpasankhyalo unna deeshalaloo paakisthaan okatiga gurtinchabadutundi
paakisthaan antarc |
itica program. "paryavekshanalo antarkitakalo khandamlo remdu reesearch staeshanlu nirvahimchabadutunnaayi" alaage savatsaram antha panichesela adanapu beys erpaatu cheyalana bhaawistundi. kampyootarlu.
antarjaalam , nundi personel computers parichayam chosen taruvaata kampyootarla koraku vidyuttu vaadakam adhikam ayindhi
1990 paakisthaan. lookotlamandi antarjaalam 2 internet (upayogistunnaru) ganankalanu anusarinchi antarjaalam adhikanga upayogistunna uttamasreni deeshalaloo paakisthaan okatiga gurtinchabadutundi. 2011 paakisthaan keelakamaina saankethika pablikeshanlanu vidudhala chesthundu.
desheeyamgaa paakisthaan sadhinchina saft. ware abhivruddhi antarjaateeya prasamsalu andukuntundiadhikasamkhyaloo antarjaalam vaadukuntunna. prapancha deeshalaloo paakisthaan okati 27 nundi. 2000 paakisthaan suupar computing " loo paakisthaan gurtinchataginamgaa abhivruddhi saadhinchindi " alaage palu samshthalu. parallel computing "parisodhanalaku avaksam kalpisthundhi " paakisthaan prabhuthvam infermation teknolgy projectula koraku. biliyanlu vyayam chesthundu 4.6 paakisthaan. loo adhikanga computers saanketikatanu human vanarulumoulhika vasatula abhivruddhi, Una, governamentu vaadukuntunnaaru- vidya..
paakisthaan prajalaku praadhamika
cenkandary stayi vidyanu uchitamgaa andistundi, paakisthaan pratyekadesam ayina taruvaata paakisthaan.
loo university af panjaabu vishwavidyaalayam okkate Palitaruvaata paakisthaan prabhuthvam desamlo nalaugu bhoobhagalalo vegavantamgaa vishvavidyaalayalu sthaapinchabaddaayi.
avi varusaga. loo simdh university 1949loo peshaavar universheety, 1950 loo karakhi university, 1953 university af baluchisthan , 1970 paakisthaan. loo prabhutvavishvavidyaalayalu privete universitylu, piblic , privete universitylu unnayi , paakisthaan universitylu parisoedhanalu. unnatavidyanu andistunnaayi , paakisthaan.
looocational vidyaasamsthalu unnayi 3193 pakustan. loo madarasalu kudaa unnayimadarasalu uchita islam vidya. uchita haastal vasati kalpisthundhi, madarasaalalo adhikanga beedavargam prajalu vidyanu abhyasistuntaaru. prajalavattidi.
paakisthaan thaaliban , lu madarasaalanu kotthaga teevravaadulanu cheskovadaniki vaadukuntunnaarani vimarsalu talettadam valana paakusthaanii prabhuthvam madarasala vidyaasthaayilo vidyaasamskaranalu chaepattimdividyaa vidhaanam.
paakisthaan vidyaavidhaanamlo nursary vidya
preperatory tharagathulu (elemantary vidya), okati nundi iidu varku(maadhyamika vidya), aaru nundi enumidi (unnanatha paatasaala) tommidhi (padi,seconderic certificate pomdavacchu) (community kaalejeelu) grade (11 grade , 12 haiyyar secondery certificate pomdavacchu) (taruvaata university proograam dwara grajuate). poest grajuate vidya , paakisthaanii skuuls secondery ejukeshan vidhaanam uunited kingdam loni kembridgi vidyaapranaalikanu anusarinchi umtumdi. kontamandi vidyaardulu british counsil nirvahinche sadarana stayi. unnatasthaayi pariikshalaku haajaru authuntaaru , nootanavidya vidhaanam.
nundi paakisthaan
2007 loni anni pathasalalalo nirbhandha english meediyam ejukeshan pravesapettindiloo adanapu samskaranhalu chepattabaddayi.
2013 simdhu vidyaasamsthalu annintilo chinas bhaashaataragatulu adanamga cherchabaddaayi. chainaa suupar pvr. gaaa roopondadamchainaa , paakisthaan sambandhaalu merugupadadam – paakisthaan medha chainaa prabavam adhikam kaavadam ndhuku kaaranam, praantaalavaareegaa aksharaashyata stayi vaerupadutuu umtumdi. girijan praantaalaloo streela aksharaashyata. Bara Pali 3% loo computers vidyaapravesam taruvaata.
1995 loo prabhuthvam aksharaashyataku nirmulana koraku pillalandariki aarabhavidyavidhaanam pravesapettindi 1998 loo palu vidyaasamskaranala dwara. 2015 aksharaashyata saadhinchadaaniki prayatnistundi100% praadhamika pathasalalalo vidyaardhula. samvastaralu daatina (10 pravesam) chaerukumdi 86 % unnanatha vidya.
haiyyar secondery certificate pondina taruvaata vidyaardhulu professionally collagylalo leka byaachilar degrey koorsulanu unnanatha vidya koraku enchukuntaaru
vidyaardhulu saadharanamga inginiiring. byaachilar af science, b (yess.byaachilar af science) / b (yess.sea.byaachilar af teknolgy), btech (byaachilar af medicin), byaachilar af surgery, medicin (byaachilar af surgery, em (b.b.yess.endi), dantavaidya degrey), dentistry (b) (di.yess.pasuvaidyam), veterinary medicin (di (v.em.batchular af laaw)), emle (emle.b.llm), juris dr, jedi (byaachilar af arkhitekture), arkhitekture byaachilar (b (Una.aarak. dr af formacy)), farmasi doctorete (baatu) , narsingh byaachilar (b (nurses.vidyanu enchukuntaaru) vidyaardhulu kontamandi byaachilar af businesses administration.
literatuure, managementu saims , bavilar af aarts, b (Una.byaachilar af commerce), b (kaam.byaachilar af businesses administration), em (b.Una.vidyalanu kudaa enchukuntaaru) paakisthaan unnanatha vidyalanu saadharanamga haiyyar ejukeshan kamishan. hetch (yess.sea.paryaveekshistuntaaru) haiyyar ejukeshan kamishan. hetch (yess.sea.vidyaa vidhanala rupakalpana) desam antataa unna vishwavidyaalayaala varg |
ikarana chesthundu , oktober. 2014 loo paakisthaanejukeshan udyamakarudu yousaf gn nobul bahumati andukunnaduantekaka yousaf. gn atipinnavayaskudaina nobul bahumati graheetagaa gurtinchabaddaduganankaalu.
paakisthaan ganankalanu anusarinchi
loo paakisthaan jansankhya 2017 natiki paakisthaan pratuta prapanchamloo athantha adhika jansankhya kaligina muslim deshamgaa gurtinchabadutunna indonesianu adhigamistundani anchana 21,32,22,917. which is equivalent to 2.57% of the world population.
2030 ganankalanu anusarinchi paakisthaan jansankhya.
2010 millionla 104 paakisthaan. loosamvatsaraala kante takuva vayasu kaligina prajala saatam 15 adhikamaina prajalu dakshinha paakisthaan 35%. loni sindhuunadi teeramlo nivasistunnaaru karakhi athantha janasaadhrata kaligina vaanijya praadhaanyata kaligina nagaramga gurtinchabadutundi. turupu paakisthaan. loo kaibarUttar paakisthaan , loo laahoorfaisalabad, ravalpindi, sargodha, islamabad, gujramwala, sailkot, Gujarat Kota, jhelam, shaikhpura, noushera, mardan, peshaavar nagaralalo prajalu adhikanga nivasistunnaaru , ganankalanu anusarinchi nagaralalo nivasistunnavaari saatam. 1990-2008 dakshinaasiyaalo adhikanga nagareekarana cheyabadina deeshalaloo paakisthaan pradhama sthaanamloo Pali 36%. paakisthaan aardhikapranaalikalo aarogyaparirakshana koraku gdp nundi.
2009–2010 vyayam chesindi 2.6% ganankalanu anusarinchi paakisthaan prajala streela saraasari ayurdhayam. 2010 streela ayurdhayam 65.4%, paakisthaan 63.6%. looprajalu aarogyasamrakshana koraku privete 80% aasupatrulanu aasrayistuntaaru
motham prajalalo. pillalu poshakaahaara lopamtho badhapaduthunnaru 19% , 30% ganankalanu anusarinchi janminchina prathi veyyimandi. 2009 sisuvulalo mandhi maraninistunnaarani telustundhi 87 bhashalu.
Race/Ethnicity Composition
paakisthaan
loo palupraantaalu vaadukalo unnayidakshinasiya deeshalaloo muslim jaateeyataku chihnamgaa paakisthaan. loo urdu bhaashavaadukalo Paliurdoo bhaasha. jaateeya samaikhyataku gurthugaa prajalaku vaadukabhashagaa Pali 75% urdoo prajalaku pradhaana anusandaana bhashaga Pali. adhikarabhaashagaa unna aaglam prabhutvakaaryaalayaalu.. vyaapaaram, nyaayavyavasthalo vaadukalo Pali , prajalalo aanglabhasha pradhaanamgaa paakisthaanii yaasalo vaadukalo Pali. panjaabu praanthamlo puunjabi bhaasha vaadukalo Pali. dakshinha punjabeelo. saraiki bhaasha vaadukalo Pali khaibar. loo paashto bhaashaidi praamtiya bhaasha (vaadukalo Pali) paashto bhaashan simdhu. baluchisthan prajalu chakkaga ardam chesukuntunaru , sindhuu praanthamlo simdhii bhaasha. baluchi sthan, loo baluchi bhaasha vaadukalo unnayivalasaprajalu.
paakisthaan prajalalo valasaprajalu kudaa unnare
paakisthaan. loomillionla afghan prajalu thamanu afghan paakisthaaneeyulugaa namoduchesukunnaru 1.7 viiru kaibar praanthamlo unnare. viiru girijan praantaaniki chendina prajalu.
viiri svalpamga kaarachii. kvettaalalo unnare , ganankalanu anusarinchi paakisthaan. 1995 loo bangladeshiyulumillionlu unnare 1.6 afghanlu unnare.6,50,000
mandhi barmadeseeyulu unnare. 2,00,000 mandhi iranianlu unnare. 2,320 antekaka philippaineeyulu. nepaliyulu kudaa unnare, bhartia muslimulu adhikanga karachilo nivasistunnaaru. paakisthaan itara desalakante atyadhikamgaa saranaardhulaku aashrayam icchindi. janankhya vivarana.
paakisthaan prajalu adhukamgaa nalaugu praantaalaloo kendrikarinchi unnare
viiru varusaga puunjabi prajalu. pashtan prajalu, simdhii prajalu, baluchisthan prajalu , ganankaalu anusarinchi puunjabi prajalu.
2009 millionlu 76 pashtan prajalu (44.15%), millionlu 29 unnare (15.42%) simdhii prajalu.
. millionlu 24 saraiki prajalu(14.1%), millionlu 14.8 unnare (10.53%)urdoo matlade muhzar prajalu.
bhartia muslimulu (millionlu) 13.3 baluchi prajalu (7.5%), millionlu 6.3 unnare (3.5%) migilina. mallan 11.1 prajalu hazara (4.66%) kalash sampradhaayalaku chendina prajalu unnare , pravasa. paakisthaanii prajalu millionlu unnare 7 matham.
paakisthaan janasankhyaaparamgaa prapanchamlooni muslim deeshalaloo rendava sthaanamloo Pali
alaage shiamuslimula sankhyalo paakisthaan prampanchamlo rendava sthaanamloo Pali. modati sthaanamloo iranian Pali. paakisthaan. prajalalolo muslimulu unnare 97% paakisthaalo ahammadeeyulu taruvaata sthaanamloo unnare.
swalpasankhyalo unna albiyatlu adhikarikamgaa muslimetarulugaa bhaavinchabadutunnaaru. adanamga curanian samuuhaaniki chendina prajalu kudaa unnare.
septembaru. uunited stetes 11 daadi paakisthaan sectarian vayalems taruvaata sunnii, shiyalanu kendrikaristuu , dhadulu adhikarinchaayi loo shiyalu.
2013 sunneelu , sectarian himsa addaginchaalani chattaalani kathinataram cheyalana, sunnii , |
shia sambandhaalu parirakshinchaalani desavyaaptamgaa poraatamsaaginchaaru , nundi rendava chattasavarana jargina taruvaata ahammadeeyulu tamanutamu muslimulamani cheppukuntunnaru.1974 nundi amadeeya praardhanaa mandiraalu maseedulugaa bhaavimchadam raddhu cheyabadindhi. 1984 ganankalanu anusarinchi.
2012 paakisthaaneeyulu thamanu muslimetarulu suuchinchaaru 12% islam..
prabavam islam prabhavaniki mundhu arrab prampancha muslimula sampradaayaalatho paakisthaanii muslimulu samakhyam cheyabaddaaru
laahoor loni ollie hawari. va sathabdam (12vento suffee muslimula praardhanaa mandiraalaku jaateeya gurthimpu undedi) simdhu prantham shehwan.
loo unna sufeeyijaaniki chendina shahbaj kwalanderva sathabdam (12kudaa veetilo okati) sufeeyijaaniki desamlo deerghakaala charithra Pali. sufiiyajamlo prajalu guruvaralalo praardhanaamandiraalalo samaikhyamgaa aaraadhanalu nirvahistuntaaru. suffee varshika utsavaalalo suffee sangeetam. nruthyam chotuchaesukuntaayi , samakaaleena muslimvaadulu suffee sampradaayanni vimarsistuntaaru.hinduism.
paakisthaan
loo islam taruvaata hinduismkraistavam (1.6%) , unnayi (1.6%) ganankalanu anusarinchi. 1998 bahaa anuyayulu
sikkulu 30,000, bauddhulu, joroyastrianism , okko mataniki, unnare 20,000 paakisthaan. loo svalpamga jainism Palibritish paalanaloe modati prapanchayuddham.rendava prapanchayuddham kaalamlo , uunited kingdam karakhi moulhika vasatulu abhivruddhi chosen taruvaata romman kaadhalik anuyaayulaina Goa tamila prajalu karachilo sthirapaddaaru , ganankalanu anusarinchi paakisthaan. 2005 loo naasthikuluBara unnare 1% natiki naasthikula saatam. 2012 chaerukumdi 2% samskruthi.
paakisthaan sanghika jeevitam kramaanugatamaina aachaaravyavahaaraalanu anusarinchi umtumdi
sampradhaya islamika viluvalu saaghikajeevitam. raajakeeyajeevitam medha prabavam chooputuntundi , saadharanamga ummadi kutumba vyvasta adhikanga kanipistundhi. ayinappatikee sanghika. aardhika kaaranaala valana prajalu neuclear kutumbala vaipu , vidi vidigaa chinna kutumbaalu (antey makkuva chuuputunnaaru) sthree purushulaku salwar kamij sampradhaya dustulugaa unnayi.
. adhunika kaalamlo jeems. t shirtlu kudaa makkuva adhikam authundi , paakisthaan.. lookotlamandi madyataragati prajalu 3.5 kotlamandi eguva madyataragati prajalu unnaran bhavistunaaru, 1.7 sameepakalamgaa aardhikamgaa grameena bhuuswaamulanu nagarapramukhulu adhigamistunnaru. pandugalu.
eedh
vul -firt- eedh, all - adha- ranjaan, chrismas, eestar, deepawali modalaina paakisthaani pandugalanu paakisthaan prajalu adhikanga aacharinchabadutunnaayi , globalisation adhikarinchadam valana Una.
. ti.kierney globalisation jaabitaalo paakisthaan. va sthaanamloo unnatatlu telustundhi 56dustulu..
kalalu, fyaashan , paakisthaan jaateeya dustulugaa salwar
kamij gurtinchabadutundi , dheenini paakisthaan loni panjaabu. simdhu, baluchisthan, khaibar praataalalooni streepurushulu dharistuntaaru , alaage ajad.
kaasmiira girijan prajalu kudaa dharistuntaaru , okko bhuubhaagamloe okko taraha style salwar kamij dharistuntaaru. paakisthaan prajalu suunitamaina varnaalu. designlatho roopondinchabadina silk , shifan, cotton vasthraalanu dharistuntaaru, sampradhaya dustulato purushulu tilering cheyabadina suite. . tai dharistuntaaru , vitini kaaryaalayaalu. paatasaalalu, itara pradeeshaalaloo dharistuntaaru , fyaashan parisrama.
.
fyaashan prapanchamloo marpulu sambhavimchina taruvaata paakisthaan fyaashan parisrama vikasinchindi
paakisthaan fyaashan chaaritraatmakamgaa paludasalu dhaatindhi. paakisthaan fyaashan bharatadesa fyaashan. samskruthi kante vilakshanamgaa undi tana pratyekata chaatukuntundi , paakisthaan fyaashan sampradhaya. adhunika melukalayikagaa undi paakisthaan pratyekata gurtuchestu umtumdi , adhunika sailiki bhinnangaa prajalu dharimchee dustulu sampradhaya. praamtiya , sahajatvaaniki prateekagaa untai praamtiya taraha dustulu adhika nuuthanamgaa. swachchamaina roopamtho vilakshanamgaa untai , laahoor. loo unnapaakisthaan fyaashan design counsil "karachilo unna " , fyaashan weak" paakisthaan " loo fyaashan sho nirvahistuntaayiloo modhatisaarigaa paakisthaan fyaashan weak nirvahimchabadimdi. 2009 streevaadam.
paakisthaanii streela sanghika antasthu vyatyaasamgaa umtumdi
streela sthiti sanghika sthiti. puttiperigina vaataavaranam, praantiiyata medha aadhaarapadi umtumdi , asamaanamgaa umdae aardhikasaanghika sthiti. sthree vidya paakisthaan streela jeevanavidhaanam medha kudaa prabavam chuuputundi , grameena praantaalaloo pratyekamgaa strilapatla vivaksha adhikanga Pali. paakisthaan aavirbhaavam nundi streevaadam uchhasthaayilo vinipisthundhi.
. nundi al paakisthaan vumams associetion.. 1947 aurat fouundation , antarjaateeya streevaada samshthalu paakisthaan, loo sthree hakkula rakshanaardham krushichaestunnaayisheela irene pant |
. benajir butto malaala, kalsoom nawaj Sharif, bushra amsari paakisthaan , loni pramukha mahilaavaadulugaa gurtinchabadutunnaarumathaparamaina enam. vidyaabhivruddhi kaaranamgaa paakisthaan loni streela sthiti merugaindi , antarjaateeyamgaa sarasarito polchichusthe paristiti aandolanakaramgaa Pali. loo. 2014 world ekanaamik fourm "vargiikaranhalo lingavivakshalo paakisthaan antarjaateeyamgaa rendava sthaanamloo undani telustundhi" sthree purusha vivaksha.
sampradhayakamgaa strilu anichivetaku guroutunnaru
saadharanamga streelaku intipanulu purushulaku inti poeshanha baadhyatalu vahisthaaru. purushulu dhanasampadana baadhyatavahistaaru. ayinappatikee nagarapraantaalalo strilu vruttiudyogaalu chesthu intikharchulaku aardhikamgaa sahakaristuntaaru. ayinappatikee aardhikaswaatantram anubhavistunna vaari saatam thakkuvaga umtumdi. strilu adhikanga teeching udyogaalu enchumuntaaru.
prajalalo chaitanyam abhivruddhi kaaranamgaa streelaku vidyaavakaasaalu adhikaristunnaayi. matadhikarulu kudaa prasthutham streevaada poraataalaku.. kaaryaalayaalu , gruhaalalo samaanatvam koraku sahakaaram andhisthunnaaru , maadhyamam. .
paakisthaan privete varthapathrikalu
raashtraaniki chendina paakisthaan televition corparetion , p (ti.v.paakisthaan braad) , casting corparetionp (b.sea.va sataabdamloo paakisthaan rdi paakisthaan maadhyamam medha aadhipathyam vahisthunnaayi),21nundi maadhyamam praivaeteekarana cheyabadina taruvaata adhikanga. 2000 gantala vaartaaprasaaraalu 24 paakisthaan nyuss channels, televition , channels maadhyamam medha aadhipathyam vahisthunnaayi adanamga jaateeya entertainmentu. nyuss channels , veedeshee televition prasaaraalu kudaa andubatulo unnayi, chitra parisrama..
lolly wood
urdoo chitraseema (ku karachi) laahoor, peshaavar pradhaana kendraluga unnayi , paakisthaan prajala samskrutilo pradhaana bhaagamgaa unna balivud chithraalu. varku prajalaku nishedhinchabaddaayi 1965–2008 paakisthaan chitraparisrama balaheenamgaa unnaa paakisthaanii urdoo naatakaalu. natakaranga pradardanalaku prajaadaranha adhikanga Pali, palu paakisthaanii televition prasaaraalu dinasari varusakaaryakramaalanu andistuu unnayi.paakisthaanii naatakaalu televition prasaaraalanu adhigamistunnaayi.
paap sangeetam.
loo paap music diskoo prabalyam sampaadinchukuni paakisthaan sangeethaprapancham medha aadhikhyata sadhinchayi
1960–1970 loo british hevi metal sangeetam. 1980-1990 paakisthaanii rock sangeethaalu paakisthaanii prajalanu aakarshinchaayi, loo hevi metal sangeetam paakisthaan sangeethaprapanchaaniki parichayam cheyabadindhi.
2000 idi prajaadaranha saadhinchadamegaaka vimarsakula prasamsalu kudaa andhukundhi. jaanapadha sangeetam.
paakisthaanii jaanapadha sangeetamlo praamtiya jaanapadha sangeetam
kwavwall , ghajal modalaina sampradhaya Gaya bhaagaswaamyam vahisthunnaayi, afanamgaa aadhunikamaina paaschaatya sangeetam kudaa prajaadaranha kaligi Pali. pakustan.. loo anekamandi jaanapadagaayakulu unnarepaschimabhuubhaagam nundi afghan saranaardhila praveshinchina taruvaata paashto sangeethaaniki aadarana adhikam ayindhi. ayinappatikee paashto sangeethaaniki konni praantaalaloo vyatiraekata kanipistundhi. paakisthaan. loo kontha atyaadhunikamainapaaradarsakamaina maadhyamam panichestundi , paakisthaan maadhyamam lanchagonditanam veluguloki teesukuraavadamlo pradhaanapaatra vahistundi. nagareekarana.
paakisthaan
ku swatamtram vacchina taruvaata paakisthaan nagareekarana vaegavantham ayindhindhuku palu vaividyamaina kaaranaalu unnayi. dakshinha paakisthaaneeyulu adhikanga sindhuunadeetiiramloo nivasistuntaaru.
adhika jansankhya kaligina nagaramga karakhi pratyekata kaligi Pali. toorpupraanta paakisthaan prajalu khaibar pakhtumva.
Uttar paakisthaan laahoor , fysalabad, ravalpindi, islamabad, sargodha, gujaramwala, saikot, gujarat Kota, jhelam, shaikhpura, noushera, mardan, peshaavar nagaraalu unnayi , madya kaalamlo nagaraalo nivasisthunna prajala saatam. 1990–2008 idi paakisthaan 36%. nu aasiyaalo adhikanga nagareekarana deshamgaa nilabettindiadanamga. prjalu 50% mandhi kante adhika jansankhya kalugina pattanaalaloo nivasistunnaaru 5,000 paakisthaan prajalu adhikanga desheeyamgaanuu. . videshaalaku valasapotuntaaru , amduvalana paakisthaan prajalu adhikanga nagaralaku valasapovadaaniki sahakaristhundhi. loo ooka vishleshakudu. 1998 nundi paakisthaan nagareekarana girinchi vivarana amdimchaadu 1940 swaatantram taruvaata..
itaradeshaala nundi paakisthaan
ku valasa raavadampratyekamgaa porugudeshaala nundi (valana paakisthaanii nagareekarananu marinta adhikam chesindi) loo bangladeshs pratyekadesamgaa avatarinchina taruvaata paakisthaan nagareekarana marinta adhikam ayindhi. 1971 sampradaayaaniki mukhyatvam ichey beehari paakisthaaneelu adhikasamkhyaloo. swalpasankhyalo bengaaleelu paakisthaan , ku valasapoyaarutar |
uvaata barmeeyulu paakisthaan. ku valasapoyaaruafghanisthan. loo soveit iddam kudaa millionla aafghaneeyulanu paakisthaanku taralivellelaa chesindiafghanlu pratyekamgaa vaayavya paakisthaan. ku saranaardhulugaa taralivellaaruafghan. l valasa kaaranamgaa paakisthaan nagareekarana vaegavantham cheyavalasina avsaram adhikamaindiafghanla raaka sanghika. rajakeeya- aardhika samasyalanu adhikam chesindi- adanamga jansankhya adhikamavadam kaaranamgaa harita viplavam. rajakeeyaala abhivruddhiki kaaranam ayindhi , pravasa paakisthaaneelu.
.
dadapu
millionla paakisthaan prajalu 7 videsalalo nivasistunnaarani anchana atyadhikamgaa madya asiya. eurup, north americaaloo nivasistunnaaru , biliyanla amarican dollars pravasa paakisthaan videsi marakanni swadesaniki pamputunnatlu anchana.
13videsi maaraka aadaayamlo paakisthaan prampanchamlo. va sthaavanamlo Pali 10videsi upaadhi.
pravasa paakisthaan prajalanu paakisthaan oversees paakisthaanukugaa gurtistundi
loo ministery af oversees pacistanis sthapinchabadindhi. 2008 pravasa paakisthaaneeyula samsyalanu thelusukununi parishkarinchadaaniki idi panicheystuu Pali. pravasa paakisthaan prajala videseemaarakam desam videeseemaaraka nilvalanu penchadamlo rendavasthaanamlo Pali. modatisthaanamlo egumatulu unnayi. paakisthaan videseemaarakam vaarshikamgaa kramakramaabhivruddhi chendutuu Pali.
lalo. 2007-2008 millionla abhivruddhi saadhinchagaa 4 loo 2008-2009 millionla abhivruddhiki 8 chaerukumdi (21.8%) videseemaarakam.
loo paakisthaan prajalu paakisthaan
2009–2010 kubiliyanla amarican dollars videseemaarakam pamparu 9.4 paakisthaan prajala videeseemaaraka aadaayam prapanchamloo. va sthaanamloo Pali 11loo paakisthaan paakisthaan prajalu paakisthaan. 2012 ku pampina videseemaarakam paakisthaannu prapamcham loova sthaanamloo 10 biliyanlu (13 nilipindi) paakisthaan pravasapajisthan prajala videseemaarakam paakisthaan aardhikarangalo mukhyatvavahistundani grahinchina paakisthaan prabhuthvam.
loo ministery af laber aadhvaryamloo dhi oversees paakisthaan divition sthapinchabadindhi 2004 adanamga sanghika sankshaema padhakaalu. oversees paakisthaan fouundation pravasa paakisthaan prajalaku sahakaristuu Pali, vimanasraya soukaryalu adhikarinchadam. nivaasagruhaala abhivruddhi,
vidya, aarogyasankshema padhakaala abhivruddhi chesthu pravasa paakisthaaneeyulaku sahakaaram andistundi , veetilo atimukhyamainadi tirugi swadesham chaerukunna pravaasapaakisthaaneeyula punaraavaasam erparavhadam pradhaanamainadi. sahityam.
paakisthaan
loo urdhuusaahityamsindhuu sahityam, panjaabisaahityam, pasho sahityam, kavitvam , balochi akaadami, percian sahityam, paakisthaanii aaglasaahityam, itarasaahityaprakriyala unnayi , athipedda sahithya samudaayam ayina. dhi paakisthaanii akaadami af leters "antarjaateeya sthaayiloo sahityam" kavitvam andistundi , dhi naeshanal liibrary af paakisthaan." atyadhikamgaa saahithyaanni pracurana" poeshanha baadhyatavahistundi , alaage saahithyaanni prajalaku andajeyadaaniki thaginanthagaa sahakaristhundhi. va sataabdhaaniki mundhu paakisthaan. 19loo sahityam adhikanga kavitvamsuphi kavitvam, vividha sangeeta prakreeyalu, paap sampradaayam ruupamloe , undedi coloney palanakalamlo desheeyasaahityakaatulu aaglasaahityamtho prabhaavitulu ayaru. varu vividha rachanaavidhaanaalanu sweekarincharu. veetilo proze vidhaanam adhikanga aadarinchabadindi. kavitvam.
paakisthaan
saahityakaarula jaabithaa muhammadu iqbal:-
urdoo: percian kavitvam , aayana islaamik samskruthika prajala aadyatmika. rajakeeya paristhitulaku addampattaadu , aayana antarjaateeya muslimula aikhyata koraku patubaddadu. fiaz ahamad.
aayayana andamina dasturi: chitralekhanaaniki prakhyaatichendaadu , suffee kavulu.
shaah abdoul latief: buleh shaah, main muhammadu bhaksh, khawaja farid modalainavaaru chaaala prajaadaranha pondhaaru , mirza kaalich begg.
adhunika sindhuusaahityaaniki moolasthambhamgaa unaadu: taatvikam.
muhammadu iqbal
sayed ahmmad khan, muhammadu asad, Abu, ala moudubi, muhammadu ali jauharilu paakisthaan taatvikachindana abhivruddhiki , maargadarshakam vahinchaaru taruvaata british taatvikachintana ataruvata american taatvikachintana paakisthaan tatvachintana abhivruddhiki sahakarinchaayi.
thaathvika vaadulu em. em.Sharif. sayed jafrul hassan , loo modati paakisthaan taatvikaudyamaaniki terateesaaru 1947 indo. 1971 paakisthaan iddam taruvaata paakisthaan – thaathvika prapanchamlomarkijana chintana abhivruddhiki jalaluddin abdur raheem sobho gian, chandanimallik meraj khalid , modalaina pramukhulu sahakarincharu manjur ahamad.. jeanne elia, hassan askari rijwi chitanalu paakisthaan tatvachintana medha prabavam choopaaru, antarjaateeya khyatichendina tatvikudu. noyam chokey chintanalu paakisthaan tatvachintana rajakeeya, sanghika chintana |
medha prabhaavanchoopindi , nirmaanasaili.
paakisthaan charithraloo nalaugu gurtinchatagina kaalalu unnayi
islaamik kalaniki mundhu. muslim kaalam, coloney kaalam, sidhuunaagarikata aarambhakalam , cree( poo.aarabhakaala unnatasthaayi nagarasamskrutiki 3000).
chendina bhavanalalo konni ippatikee sajivanga unnayi islaamik kalaniki mundhu kalaniki chenduna mohanjo.
daro- harppa, quote diji vento manavasthavara pranthalu pratuta paryaataka aakarshanalugaa unnayi , modati sathabdam arambamlo buddhijam.. greeq prabavam kaaranamgaa greco , buddhijam Gaya abhivruddhiki kaaranam ayindhi- yea sakaniki sikhaaraagramgaa gandharasilpam Gaya roopudhiddhukundhi.
buddhijaaniki udaharanaga. khaibar pakhtunkvaaloni taakat i- bhai buddhist aaramam okati- islam pravesam.
pratuta paakisthaan
loo islam praveshinchagaane paakisthaanloo buddhijam mugimpukuvachinditaruvaata kramamga yea praanthamlo islaamik nirmaanaalu adhikarinchaayi. athi praamukhyata santarinchukunna indo. islaamik nirmaanaalaku udaharanaga multan- loorukn "i- aalam- shah rukn" (i- aalam samadhi- ippatikee nilichiundi) moghul kalaniki chendina. percian "islaamik- Gaya nirmaanaalaloo hinduusthaanii kalalu chotuchesukunnayi" moghul palakulaku sandarbhaanusaara nivaasamgaa unna laahoor. loo moghul kalaniki chendina palu nirmaanaalu unnayivatilo. badshahi maseedh " laahoor kota" , alangiri dwaram, varnarajitamaina moghul nirmaanasaililoo nirminchabadina, vajiir khan maseedh "athantha praamukhyata santarinchukunna nirmaanaalu gurtinchabadutunnaayi" moghul kalaniki chendina marokonni nirmaanaalaloo lahoru loni shalimer guardenlu., tattalooni shahjahan maseedh unnayi, coloney paalanaku mundhu. indo eurapian- Gaya kaaryaalayaalu eandian " islaamik mishrita style abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi- coloney paalana taruvaata faizal maseedh. menar, i- paakisthaan- mazar , i-khwaid modalaina adhunika nirmaanaalu paakisthaanii jaateeyata pratibimbimchaelaa nirmichabaddaayi- moulhika vasatulaku chendina nirmaanaalaloo uunited kingdam nirmaanasaili pratibimbistumdi. alaanti nirmaanaalu lahoru. peshaavar, karaacheelalo unnayi , aahaaram.
paakisthaan aahaarasamskrutilo dakshinasiya deshalaprabhavam adhikanga Pali
va sataabdamloo moghul raajula vantagadi nundi velupadina palu aaharaalu ippatikee paakisthaan aahaara alavatla medha prabavam chooputhoo Pali. 16migilina dvipakalpamlo kante paakisthaan. loo atyadhikamaina mamsaharalu vaadukalo unnayiyea maamsaahaaraalaku british. madya asiya, midle ist deeshaala mamsaharala prabavam muulangaa Pali, paakisthaanii aaharaalalo masaalaa dinusulu. muulikalu, seasanings adhikanga vaadabadutundi, aloe. vellulli, pasupu, endumirapakaayalu, garam masaalaa adhikamaina aahaarala tayaareeki vaadutuntaaru , saadharanamga paakisthaanii aaharamloo chapaatiilatoe kooralu. maamsam, kuuragayalu, pappukuuralu untai, annamkuda paakisthaan pradhaanaahaaraalalo okati. vatti annam. plein roses (leka sughandha dravyaalanu cherchi vepina annam kuuralatoe vaddinchabadutundi) aaharamloo teepipadaardhaalu kudaa untai. paaniiyaalu.
paakisthaan
loni panjaabeepraantavaasulaku sampradaayapaaneeyam lussidakshinha bhuubhaagamloe chalaprabalyam pondina sweetugaa sohan halvaku pratyekata Pali. idi paakisthaan antataa aadarana kaligi Pali. kridalu. .
british palana kaalam nundi paakisthaan kridaarangam abhivruddhichendindi
paakisthaan jatiyakreeda haka. paakisthaan creedakaarulu. maarlu 3 oolimpik swarnapatakaalanu sadhincharu (1960-1968-1984) paakisthaan.
maarlu purushula prapancha hockeycup 4 geluchukundi (1971-1978-1982-1994) cricket.
paakisthaan prajalaku athantha abhimaanapaatramaina creeda cricket
paakisthaan naeshanal cricket creem. shaheen (prapancha cricket) 1992 saadhinchindi ai. 2007 sea.sea.world twanty potilaloo ranner. sthaanam dakkinchukunnadi loo. 2009teevravaadulu srilanka cricket kreedaakaarula medha militentlu daadi chesaru
falithamgaa paakisthaan cricket kreedaku kontha avarodham erpadindi. ayinappatikee.. mee internationale cricket tirigi paakisthaan chaerukumdi 2015 zimbave teem paakisthaan. paryatanaloo motham poteelu gatti bandeebastu madya lahorulo nirvahinchabaddaayi anni poteelu house fully sadhinchi sarikotha charitranu srushitinchaayi. taruvaata palupotiilaku dvaralu terachukunnaayi.
. athletlu.
lalo asean athlet creedaloo abdoul khalik palgonnadu
1954 -1958 aayana paakisthaan tarafuna. amrjaatiiya swarnapatakaalanu 34 rajitha patakaalanu 14 kaamsyapatakaalanu saadhimchaadu , 12 creedakaarulu. .
skwash loo antarjaateeyasthaayi kridaakaarudu jahangir khan
jamsar khan , lu palumarlu chaanhiyan ship sadhinchi charithra srushtinchaarujamsar khan british open skwash chaanhiyan.
ship kudaamaarlu sadhinchi vision saadhimchaadu 10 olimpics.
paakisthaan cre |
edakaarulu palumarlu olympique creedalaloo paalgonnaru
paakisthaan creedakaarulu olympique creedalaloo haka. buxing, athletlu, etha,shuuting modalaina creedalaloo paalgonnaru , paakisthaan sadhinchina.
olympique swarnapatakaalalo 10 haka creedakaarulu saadhinchinave 8 paakisthaan creedakaarulu commonwealth kridalu. asean creedalaloo , patakaalu sadhincharu 65 -160 pollo.
paakisthaan
loo jatiyasthayi pollo prabalangaa Palidesamlo palupraantaalalo pollo kridalu nirvahimchabadutunnaayi. backising. billiards, roying, kayaking, caving, tennis, kontrakt brienz, golph, valibal modalaina creedaalalo kudaa paakisthaan creedakaarulu churukugaa paalgontuu vitini antarjaateeya , jaateeya sthaayiloo paalgontunnaaru , laahoor.
kaaraacheelalo basket bahl , prabalyam kaligivundhi rajakeeya naayakulu.
imran khan niyaji
pervaiz musharraf
benajir bhutto
shehbaz Sharif
nawaj Sharif
ivi kudaa chudandi
bharat pock yuddam
bharat pock yuddam 1965
gamanikalu 1971
moolaalu
dakshinasiya deshalu
commonwealth deshalu
prapancha deshalu
pakistan
maaldeevula ganatantrarajyam bharatadesaaniki nairatina hinduism mahasamudramlo konni pagadapu dheevula samudaayaalato yerpadina desam |
maldivulalo. pagadapu dibbalalo motham 26 pagadapu Islands unnayi 1,196 charithra.
maaldeevula yokka prachina charithra aspashtamugaa Pali
maaldeevula kadhala prakaaram. koimale aney ooka simhala yuvaraju tana pellikuuturaina srilanka chakraverthy kumarteto paatu ooka maaldeevula lagoon loo chikkukoni akkade sthirapadi maaldeevula modati sulthan, gaaa paripaalinchaadani prateetisataabdaalugaa yea dheevula abhivruddipai daggaraka unnaarebia samudra.
hinduism mahasamudra theeraala nundi vacchina naavikula prabhavamu Pali, malbar. ippati bharathadesamlooni Kerala (theeraaniki chendina mopla samudrapu dongalu yea deevulanu entho ibbandiki guri chesaru) va sataabdamuloo portugeesu vaallu yea deevulanu thama aadheenamulooniki tecchukuni. 16samvastaralu 15 varakuu paalincharu (1558-1573) varini mohhamed all azam aney deshabhakti gala veerudu tarimivesaadu. chalakalam swatanter mahammadeeya rajyaanga unnaa.
maaldeevulu inglishu vaari rakshanagala deshamgaa undedi (1153-1968) julai (1887-ganathanthra raajya prabhutwaanni erpaatu chese prayathnam jarigina mahammadeeya saamraajyamgaane undipoyindi 25 1965). islam mataniki maaraka mundhu maldivulalo bauddham vilasillindi. yea matha maarpidiki kudaa rannamari aney saitaanu gurinchina uhajanitamaina nammasakyamu kanni katha prachaaramlo Pali. madyalo svalpakaalam paatu himduumatam kudaa prajalu paatinchaaru. briteeshu vaari nundi.
loo swaatantryamu pondina sultaanu rajyame tharuvaathi 1965samvastaralu paripalana saagimchimdi 3 nevemberu. 1968 loo daanni raddhu chessi ippati paerutoe ganathanthra rajyamuga maarchadam jargindi 11 paryaataka rangamu. matasya parisrama yea dheevula samoohamulo abhivruddhi chendhindhi, decemberu.
2004 loo hinduism mahasamudramulo vacchina bhookampamu valana yerpadina sunami will maaldeevulaku apaara nashtam vaatillindi 26nirodhinchataaniki avasaramaina bhuumii lekapovatamu valana alalu. meetarla etthu egasi padadamtho yea upadravam sambhavinchindi 1.2 -1.5 ente kakunda yea dheevula samuhamu samudra mattaaniki krindugaa undatamu. samudra mattaaniki krindugaa unna deeshalaloo prapanchamloo idee okati (muulangaa kudaa mottamu deshamantha chittadi neelagaa maripoyinde) sumaaru. mandhi 75 aaruguru videsheeyulatho sahaa gallantayyaru, prajalu nivasinche. deevulaloo 13 vihaara deevulaloo motham vasatulannee tudichipettukupoyaaya, 29 aardhika vyvasta.
matasya parisrama
maaldeevula aardhikavyavastha anek sataabdaalanundi
matasya parisrama, samudra utpattulapaine purtiga aadhaarapadi Pali, naetikii ivae prajala pradhaana jeevanaadhaaraalu. anduvalle prabhuthvamu matasya parisrama abhivruddhiki pratyeka shradda vahistunnadi. deesha aardika vyavasthaloonuu.
ekkadi matasya parisrama charitraloonuu, loo saampradaya vidhaanamaina dhonilo chepalu patte addhatini yantrikeeekarinchadamu ooka peddha mailurayiga bhaawistaaru 1974loo ooka japanuku chendina kompany yokka sahakaaramuto chepalanu dabbaalalo nimpe parisramanu phelivaaruu deevilo stapincharu. 1977loo matsyarangamu yokka abhivruddhiki avasaramaina polici maargadarshakaalapai prabhuthvaaniki salahaalu. 1979suuchanaluu chesenduku ooka matsyaparisrama salahaa sanghanni erpaatu chesar, manavavanarula abhivruddhi padhakaalu. va dasakapu tolinaallaloo prarambhamayyayi 80matasya parisrama vidyanu paatasaalalo paatyaamsamugaa chercharu. fish agravating divaijulanu. navigational sahaayakaraka yantraalanu anek pradhaana praantaalaloo yeyrpaatu chesar, antekaka. maaldeevula matsyaranga ex, clusive aardika jonuprarambhamu matasya parisrama abhivruddhiki marinta dohadamu chesindi (EEZ) prasthutham. maaldeevula matasya parisrama jaateeya sthula aadaayamulo, paigaa chekurchatame kaaka 15% desamloni, paigaa janabhaku upaadhi kalpisthundhi 30% maaldeevula videsi maaraka aarjanalo paryaataka rangamu tarwata sthanamu matsyaparisramade. paryaataka parisrama.
paryataka rangamu yokka abhivruddhi motham maaldeevula yokka aardika vyvasta abhivruddhiki dhohadham chesindi
yea rangamu anekamandiki prathyaksha. paroksha upaadhi kalpinchadame kakunda itara sambandhitha rangaalalo aadaayamaargaalanu pempondinchindi, prasthutham. paryaatakarangamu desam yokka athipedda videeseemaaraka vanaru, jaateeya sthula aadaayamulo paryaataka rangamu yokka vaataa. desam motham 20%. paryaataka resortulu panichestu undaga 86 samvatsaramulo, 2000 mandhi paryatakulu maaldeevulaku vichesinattu namodayyindi 4,67,154 kutira parisramalu.
deeshamuloo paryaataka rangamu abhivruddhotoe chaapala allakam
lakkapani, hastakalalu, kobbaritalla thayaarii vento anek saampradaayaka kutira parisramulaku kudaa ootamichindi, kotthaga abhivruddhi chendina parisramalalo mudrana. peevisi paipula thayaarii, itukala thayaarii, samudramuloo upayoegimchae injanla marammattu, shoda neella battling parisrama, dhustula thayaarii modalainavi mukhyamain |
a parisramalu, rajakiyalu.
maumoon abdoul gayoom
loo modati ennukoobadina adhyakshudu, 1978apati nundi ayane adhyakshudigaa unaadu. aayana adhikaaradarpamuto paripalinchadu. loo ayanaku vyatiraekamugaa jargina ooka kutranundi bhartiya rakshaka dhaalaala sahayamuto thappinchukunnadu. 1988nundi appudappudu jarugutunna prabhutva vyatireka pradharshanalu rajakeeya prakshaalanaku dhaaritheeshaayi.
2003 maaldeevula nuuthana adhyakshudigaa ebrahim mohd solih nevemberu.
na pramaanasweekaaram chesar 17bhougolikamu.
maaldeevulu prapanchamulone athi chadunaina desamugaa perugaanchindi
deeshamulooni athyunnatha sthanamu kevalam. meterley 2.3 perugutunna samudramattamu maaldeevula unikiki pramadakaarigaa maare avakaasamunnadani nivedhikalu vachinappatikii. vaasthavaaniki itivali dasakaalalo samudramattamu komchem tariginadi, loo hinduism mahasamudramulo sambhavimchina sunami will maaldeevulalooni kontabhaagamu jalamayamai anekamandi prajalanu nirvaasitulanu chesindi.
2004yea vinaasanamu tarwata. cartographerlu sunami will roopaantaramu chendina dheevula yokka pataalanu tirigi gisey prayatnalu chesthunnaaru, maaldeevula prajalu. prabhuthvamu eppudo okappudu maaldeevulu samudrapatamunundi tudichipettukupoye pramaadamundani aamdolana chendutunnaru, bayati linkulu.
republik af maldvies
maaldeevula adhikarika webb
saituhinduism mahasamudra pagadapudibbalu
dweepa deshalu
thaailand ledha thaai |
laandnincha ( pradeesha thaayi, "adhikarikamgaa thaayi raajyam"), raccha annana chakra thaai ( raza aajghna chakra thaayi "kingdam af thaai"; laandooka aaganeya asiya deshamu), saadharanamga siam ani piluvabadee thaai. laandindochina dvepakalpam madyabhaagamlo upasdhitamai umtumdi, thaai.
laand uttaradisalo barmalavos, toorpudisalo lavos, kambodiya,dakshinha disaloo gulf af thaai, laandmalaysian, padamara disaloo Andaman samudram, dakshinha barma unnayi, thaai. laand samudra sarihaddulaloo aagneyamloo gulf af thaailaand yandu viyatnaamindonesan, bhaaratadaesam unnayi, idi dakshinasiya deeshalaloo okati. thaai. laand racharika paalana kaligina desamthaai. laandloo rajuva rama paalana konasaagutundi 9va rama. 9nundi thaai 1946 laand deeshaanni paalistuuprapanchamloo athyadhika kaalam palichina naayakudigaa undadamekaka thaai, laand charithraloo athyadhika kaalam paalinchina rajuga charithraloo sthaanam sampaadinchaaduthaai. laand raju rajyaniki adhyakshudusainikadalaadhipati, bouddhamataanunayudu, anni mataalanu aadarinchevaadugaa vuntadu, thaai.
laand sumaaruchadarapu kilometres 5,13,000 chadarapu millu (1,96,000 vistiirnamtoe) prapanchamloo, va athi peddha desam 51janasaandrataloo prapanchamloo. va sthaanamloo Pali 20thaai. laand jansankhyakootlu 6.4 thaai. laandloo athipeddarajadhani Kota bancock, bancock thaai. laand deeshaaniki rajakeeyavaanijya, paarishraamika, samskruthika kendramga vilasillutundi, thaai. laand prajalalomandhi thaai sampradaayaaniki chendinavaaru 75% mandhi prajalu thaai chaneeyulu. 14% mandhi prajalu malae sampradaayaaniki chendina varu, 3% migilina alpasankhyaakulalo monulu. khemaranulu, vividha girijan sampradaayaaniki chendinavaaru coloru, thaai. laand adhikarika bhaasha thaaimatham bouddhamatam, bouddhamataanni thaai. laandulooprajalu anusaristunnaru 95% thaai. laandloo ativegamgaa aardhikaabhivruddhi chendi 1985, 1996prasthutham ooka paarishraamika deshamgaa, pradhaana egumati kendramga tayarainadi, deshaadaayamlo paryaataka rangam kudaa pradhaanapaatra vahistundi. desamlo. chattabaddhamga, chattavyatirekamgaa, lakshala valasaprajalu nivasistunnaaru, 20 alaage desamlo abhivruddhi chendina desalanundi vachi cherina bahishkrutulu anekamandi nivasistunnaaru. peruvenuka charithra.
thaai
laandnu ekkadi prajalu saadharanamga meyang thaaiani pilusthuu untaruu Bundi, dhi exonim siam " ani siam " shyaam, shyaama ani kudaa antaruu, shyama. 'antey samskruthamloo' nallani 'ani ardam 'madhyakaalamloo siam raajyaanni mankat raju paripalinchadu. 1851-1868 juun. 1939 na yea desam peruu thaai 23laand gaaa marchabadindhinundi.1945 mee 1949 varku thaai 11 laandu tirigi sianga pilubadinditharuvaathi kaalamlo marala thaai. landuga marchabadindhithaai aney maata chalaa mandhi anukunnatlu. swatamtram 'ani ardam vachey padamuku sambandhinchinadi kadhu' akada nivasinche ooka jaati prajalanu suchisthundi; pramukha parisoedhaka vidyaarthiokaru thaai antey. prajalu " manavudu ", " ani ardhamani abhipraayapaddaru " endhukante ippatikee thaai. laand graamaalaloo prajalanu uddesinchadaanikikhon 'ku badhuluga 'thaai 'ni vaadutuntaaru'thaai aney mataku swaechcha ani ardam kudaa Pali. dakshinaasiyaalo yuroopiyan aakramanaku gurikani oche okka desam thaai. laand kanuka ekkadi prajalu tamadesannida laand af phreedam " swatanter bhuumii " (ani sagarvamgaa piluchukuntaaru) ayinappatiki kondaru prajalu prathet thaai. meyang thaai leka chinnaga thaai aney antuntuntaaru, thaai antey desam ayinappatikee Kota. pattanham ani kudaa ardam spuuristumdi, racha anachak thaai antey thaai. laand saamraajyam ani ardamracha antey samskruthamloo raza. rajarikam ani ardam, anah antey samskruthamloo aaesa ani ardam. chuuck antey samskruthamloo chakram anagaa adhikaraniki. paalanaku gurtu, thaai. laand jaateeyageetaanniloo deshabhaktudaina pieter fiat rachinchadu 1930charithra.
thaai land udbhavanam koddhi kaalame unna
aati sukhothay rajyaniki aapaadistaaru 1238 yea rajyaniki mottamodati chakraverthy sea inthrathith. deeni tarwata aayutthaaya raajyam. va sataabdamloo sthapinchabadindhi 14thaai samskruthi chainaa. bharatadesamula will prabhaavitamu chendinadi, migilina dakshinasiya deshamula vale thaai. laandloosamvatsaraalaaku puurvamae manaollu nivasinchina adharalu unnayi 40,000 modati sataabdamloo khemar saamraajyaaniki chendina funan palana samayam nundi thaai. laand prajalameeda bhartia sampradhayamatha prabavam adhikanga Pali, aayutthaaya oddha unna. wet chainavatanaram " avasheshaalu " loo barmeeyulu raza hibanshin aadhvaryamloo yea desamlo saaginchina bhasmeepatalaaniki gurthugaa nilichaayi 1767va sataabdamloo khemar samrajya patanam taruvaata thaai. 1 |
3man, malay rajyalau vardhillaayi, yea pradeeshaalaloo puratatva parisoedhanalu. kalakhandalu, siam samrajya avasheshaalu ippatikee visheshangaa labhistunnaayi, va sataabdhaaniki mundhu thaai leka siami saamraajyaaniki chendina buddhasampradaayaanni anusarinche sukhothay paalanasaaginatlu. 12 loo labhinchina adharalu theliyajesthunnaayi 1238va sataabdamloo khemar saamraajyam patanam taruvaata bhouddhasampradaayaaniki chendina sukhothay saamraajyam.
13-15lanna, xang, ippudu lavos (vardhillaayi) ayinappatikee ooka sathabdam taruvaata anagaa. va sataabdamloo sukhothay adhikaaram dhiguva chayo frya nadi leka menam pradeesamloo sthapinchabadina aayuththaaya saamraajyam vasamaindi 14 menaamnu kendrikrutam cheesukuni aayuththaaya saamraajyam vistaristunna samayana narthan vellilo lanna samrajyam. thaai Kota bhoobhaagam kudaa danilo anatbhaagam ayyaayi, loo khemar ankaarunu vidichivellina taruvaata ayuthaya sienyaalu yea nagaranni aakraminchukunnayi. 1431thaai. laand porugu raajyaalato cry vaanijya sampradaayam dakkinchukuni chainaabhaaratadaesam, paeshiya, arrab deshaalatho vaanijyasambandhaalu erparachukundi, aayuththaaya aasiyaaloni pradhaana vaanijya kendraalalo okatiga prassiddhi chendhindhi. va sataabdamloo portugeesu vaarithoo modalie french. 16datch,aangleyulu, modalaina iropavyaparula raaka konasaagindi, taruvaata ayuthaya samrajya patanam taruvaata raza tuxin tana raajya rajadhanini thaai.
1767 laand nundi thanburikisamvatsaraala varku taralinchaadu 15 pratuta rattanakosian sakam. nundi aarambhamaindi 1787 taruvaata modati rajarama aadhvaryamloo bancock. nu rajadhaanigaa cheesukuni chakri samrajya sdhaapana jargindibritannica emsaiklopidiyaanu anusarinchi thaaya prajalalo moodubhaagaalu. barmeeyulu, sataabdhaalalo baanisalugaa vaadukoobaddaaru 17-19 europianla vattidiki pratigaa yuroopiyan saamraajyalaku lobadani ekaika dakshinasiya deshamgaa thaai.
laand nilabadindhinalaugu sataabdhaala kaalamgaa saktivantamaina paalakulu dheerghakaalam thaai. laandnu palinchadame induku pradhaana kaaranamthaai. laand paalakulu french indochinabritish saamraajyam vattidi, satruvaaniki, sataabdhaala kaalam eduroddadam visaesham ani cheppavacchu 4 dakshinasiya deshalu french. brittin saamraajyala madya unnanduna thaai, laand paschimadeshaala prabhaavaaniki lonayyindipaschimadeshaala prabhaavamtho. va sataabdamloo vividharakaala samskaranhalu jarigaay 19alaage pradhaanamgaa mccong turupu bhagamlo vistaaramaina bhoobhaagam french vasaparachukogaa britton. prabhuthvam anchalanchalugaa malae dveepakalpamloni bhuubhaalanu swaadheenam chesukundi va sathabdam.
20penang
thoo modalaina nashtam konasaagi chivaraku malae sampradayaka prajalu nivasisthunna nalaugu pranthalu kudaa aakramanaku lonayyayitaruvaata. loo aangloo 1909siami oppandam kaaranamgaa aa nalaugu bhoobhaagaalu malaysian uttarabhoobhaaga praantaalugaa ayyaayi - loo sainyaaniki chendina khanaa rasadanna brundam. 1932sivil adhikaarula yakatvamlo raktapaatarahita vudyamam chelaregi palanadhikaram chetulumarindi, raza prajadhipak siam bhuubhaagaanni prajalahasthagatam cheeyadamtoo sataabdaalugaa sagina raajulapaalana mugimpuku vacchindi. rendava prapanchayuddham samayamlo jjapan thaai.
laand adhikaaraanni mayay sarihaddulaku maarchamani vattidi chesindithaai. laand desammeeda dandayatra chosen jjapan thaailaand sainyaalanu plick pibalsangram oddhagantala varku nilipi unchayi 6-8 decemberu. 1941 na jargina yea sangatana taruvaata jjapan thaai 21 laand sienyaalaku dhaari icchindithaai. laandjjapan french, british sienyaalaku edurinchi poraadadaaniki rahasyaoppandam kudurchukunnaayi, loo thaai. 1942laand jjapan saayatho Americauunited king, dam medha yoddham prakatinchindhithaai. laand adesamayam serythaai paerutoe jjapan-nu addukune vudyamam kudaa konasaginchadam visaeshamthaai. laandbarma deth- railway panilo-asean 2,00,000 pradhaanamgaa romushaaku cherinavaaru (kuleelu) samyukta sainikadala sabyulu paalgonnaru, 60,000 iddam taruvaata thaai. laand America sahaya deshamgaa marindipracchanna iddam taruvaata thaai.
laand migilina abhivruddhi chendutunna desalamadiriga rajakeeya astirata vento samasyalanu edurkondiayinappatikee. natiki sthiramaina samruddhi 1880 swatantrayam saadhinchindi, chithramaalika.
dakshinha bhoobhaagam
thaai
laandloo malay dvepakalpam medha adikyata saadhinchindi 1400 malakka anakuda piluvabadee yea bhuubhaagamloe tamasec. pratuta simgapuur (Andaman dveepaalalo konni), zava coloney kudaa antarbhaagamgaa undedi, ayinappatikee chivaraku sulthan prabhuthvaaniki madduthugaa daadi chosen british sainyaala dhatiki venukanja veyaka tappalaedu. malay sulthan rajyaniki chendina Uttar bhoobhaagam nundi thaai rajaku bagare pushpaalaroopamlo samvathsara kaanukalu saamantaraajulu ichey kappamla andutu undevi. malay |
saamraajyamlo. british pravesam taruvaata
aangloo " siamese-oppandam taruvaata bancock varku railway margam nirminchadaniki sannahalu arambham ayyaayi " yea oppanda taruvaata satan. pattani bhoobhaagaalu thaai, landuku ivvabaddaayirendava prapancha iddam taruvaata malay dvepakalpam japaneeyula chorabaatuku guraindi.
nundi. 1942 varku communistla aadhipathya konasaagindi 2008 chainaa samskruthika viplavam taruvaata. chainaa
viyatnaam bhuubhaagamloe communistla praabhavam thaggadamtho thaai, malaya shanthi koraku poraatam saaginchaaru, rendava prapanchayuddham taruvaata p. yu.emle.o koraku sukarno maddatuto santiporatam teevram ayindhi.yea poraataaniki madduthugaa nilichina bauddhulu. muslimulu atyadhikamgaa praanaalu arpinchavalasina paristiti eduraindi, videsheesambandhaalu.
thaai
laand atyadhikamgaa antarjaateeyapraamtiya samsthalalo bhaagaswaamyam vahistundi, thaai. laand alinodyamarajyalalo pradhaanamainadi alaage uunited stetes special waatch listdeeshalaloo praadhaanyata kaligi Pali 301 assocetion af south eest asean naeshans. Una (yess.Una.ene.loo kriyaseelaka sabhyatvam kaligi Pali) thaai. laand migilina agneyasia deshaalaina indonesanmalaysian, phillippines,simgapuur,broonai, lavos,kambodiya,barma,viyatnaam lato sanbandhaalanu abhivruddhi cheskuntundi, alaage samvathsara videshanga manthrula samaveshamlo paalgontuu Pali. aardika. vaanijyam, byanking, rajakeeya, samskruthika kaaryakramaalaku sahayasahakaaraalu andistundi, loo Una. 2003p.sea.iki aatidhyam icchindi.thaai. laand gta upamukhyamantri dr supachai panitchpakdi prasthutham aikyaraajyasamiti sekrataree genaralgaaa aikyaraajyasamititrade ended development samaveshamlo
yu ( ene.sea.ti.Una.di.palgonnadu) thaai. laandloo eest asiya summit praarambhotsavamlo paalgonnadi 2005 gta konnisamvatsaraalugaa antarjaateeya vedhika medha churukaina paatraposhistundi.
turupu thaimuur indonesan nundi swatantrayam pondina taruvaata thaai. laand modhatisaarigaa aikyaraajyasamiti shanthi dalaalalo bhaagaswaamyam vahinchimdithaai. laand seinika brumdaalu ippudu aikyaraajyasamiti saantisainyamlo nilichaayiantarjaateeya sanbandhaalanu meruguparachukovadamlo bhaagamgaa thaai. laand praamtiya samshthaluAmerica samshthalu, aarganyjeshan far sekyuuritii und cooperation in eurup, " samsthalalo bhaagaswaamyam vahistundi " aafghanisthaan.
iraq punarnirmaana karyakramalalo thaai, laand brumdaalu panichestunnaythaai. laand chainaaaustrelia, bahrain, bhaaratadaesam ariyu America lato vyaapaarasambandhaalaku prayatnalu chesthunnadhi,taruvaata adhikatharala kaaranamgaa teevravimarsalakulonai thaai parisramalu tudichipettuku poyay. thaxine videseesahaayaanni niraakarinchi nidhisahaaya deshaalatho kalisi poruguna unna mccong bhuubhaaga abhivruddhi koraku krushichesindi. thaxine poruguna unna lavos vento venukabadina dheshaalaku thaai. laand naayakatvam vahinchaalani abhilashistuu vaati abhivruddhi koraku vividha pranalikalanu pravesapettindithaxine vivaadhaaspadhamgaa nirankusa barmaprabhutvamto satsambandhaalanu konasaagistundi. yu. yess naayakatvam vahimchina iraq yudhaaniki.mandhi saktivantamaina yodhulanu pampi sahakarinchindhi 423 septembarulo thaai tana brundaalanu venukaku teesukundi. 2004 yea yuddamlo thaai iddharu yoodhulu maranhicharu. peeples alayams far demacrusy leader cassit piromyaanu videsaamgamantrigaa neyaminchaadu.
videsaamgamantrigaa niyaminchadaaniki mundhu cassit kambodiya vyatireka paarteeki naayakatvam vahinchaadu. loo thaai. 2009kambodiyala madya peddettuna iddam chelaregindi, sarihaddulaku sameepamlo unna. samvatsaraala vihier hinduism alayam sameepamlo yea iddam jargindi 900 kambodiya prabhuthvam thaamu. thaai sainikulanu champamani 4 mandini yuddhakhaideelugaa pattukunnamani prakatinchaaru 10 ayinappatikee thaai. laand mathram thama sainikulu maranininchinatlugaani gaayapadinatlugaani angeekarinchaleduiddam thaamu aarambhinchaledani remdu deshalu gattiga vaadinchaayi. sainyamtho.
thaai sainikadalam
dhi royale thaai armud fores " anipilivabadutundi " indhulo royale thaai armi. dhi royale thaai neevee, royale thaai air antarbhaagamgaa paramilitary dhalaalu untai, antekaka paramilitary dhalaalu kudaa indhulo antarbhaagamgaa untai. prasthutham sainyamtho motham sanka. mandhi niyaminchabadi unnare 8,00,000 raza bhumibol adulyatej.
va rama (9sienyaalaku namamatra adhyakshata ) chontak (vahisthaadu) thaai. laand rakshana mantritvasaakha thaai sainikadalaala nirvahanhaa vyavaharaalanu chusukuntundithaai seinika pradhanakaryalaya aadhvaryamloo sainikadalam baadhyatalu nirvahisthundhi. sainikadhikariga thaai. laand rakshanadala unnataadhikaari baadhyatalu nirvahisthaduthaai.
laand sainikadala vyayam dadapukootlu amarican dollars 100 raajyaangabaddhamgaa sainyamloe panicheyadam pratiokka pouuruni baadhyat |
agaa bhaavinchabadutundi.
ayinappatikee rijarv dhala sikshnhaloe cheranivaarilo. samvastaralu nindina variki savachandha sainikasevalo kanni leka aapatjaala seinika brundaalalo kanni palgonadaniki avaksam umtumdi 21sikshanaakaalaaniki abhyardhulaku kaalanirnayaaniki pratyeka niyamaalu untai. masala sikshnha vaari vidyaarhata. 6-24 vaari rijarv sikshnha leka sainikadinamlo, saadharanamga epril (va thaariikhu 1 vaari swachchanda seva medha aadhaarapadi umtumdi ) gurthimpu pondina kalaasaala. vidya poortichesina variki samvathsara aapatkaala seinika sikshanhaku kanni vaari jillaaloni seinika kaatyaalayamlo 1 masala panicheeyadaaniki arhulouthaaru 6 samvatsaraala pattavidya poortichesina varu. 3 savatsaram aapatkaala sainikaseva leka vaari vaari jillalalo aarumaasaala sevaku arhulouthaaru 1 antey. samvathsara vidya poorticheesinavaariki ooka samvathsara sikshanaarhata umtumdi 1 samvathsara vidya poorticheesinavaariki ooka samvathsara sikshanaarhata umtumdi.
2 samvathsara vidya puurticheesinavaaru puurtisikshanaku arhulouthaaru, dhi royale armud fores. " dinum janavari " jarupukuntunnaru 18 loo barmarajakumarunito rajanaresuyan yuddhanchesi vision sadhinchina rojunu sainikadinamgaa jarupukuntunnaru. 1593 bhougolikam.
thaai
laand vaishaalyamchadarapu kilometres 5,13,120 chadarapu millu (1,98,120 vaisaalyaaramgaa thaai. laand prapanchamloova sthaanamloo Pali 51idi yeoman kante svalpamga chinnadi alaage speyin kante svalpamga paddadi. thaai. laand palu vibhinna bhuubhaagaalaku puttilluthaai unnatabhoomulu. hylands ( anipiluvabade parvathabhoobhaagam thaai) laand uttaradisalo unnayitanan tang chai parvathaavalilo samudramattaaniki. meetarla 2,565 adugulu (8,415 etthulo unna intanan shikaram desamlo ettaina bhoobhagamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi ) eshaanyamlo samudrathiram. mccong nadi sarihaddula madya, khorat p " tabhoomi,Pali " desam madyabhaagamlo pradhaanamgaa thaai. laand akhaatamgulf (oddha samudrasangamam cheestunna chayo farya nadhii maidanam adikyata kaligi Pali) dakshinha thaai.
laand bhubhaagamlo sannani cra istmas malaysian varku vistarimchi Palithaai. laand jasankhyapradhaana vanarulu, sahajasiddhamaina bhoobhaagam, sanghika ariyu aardika sthithigathula bhedankaligina arubhagaluga raajakeeyamgaa vibhajinchabadi Pali, thaai. laand bhautika aakarshanheeyataku yea vaividhaylu vipareetamgaa bhaagaswaamyam vahisthunnaayichayo farya.
mccong nadulu grameena thaai, laand sthiramaina vanarugaa bhaavinchabadutundiyea remdu nadulu. upanadulu thaai, laand vyavasaya utpatthiki aadhaarabhootamgaa udaharinchabadutunnaayikilometres. 3,20,000 mylla (1,24,000 podavaina thaai ) laand akhata samudratiiraalo chayo faryamccong, bong pakang, taapi nadulu samudrasangamam chestunnayi, idi thaai. laand paryatakaranganni prabhaavitam chestunnayithaai akhaatam lotu takkuvaina swachchamaina jalaalu paryaatkulanu atyadhikamgaa aakarshistunnaayi. pradhaanamgaa dakshinha teeramlo unna cra istmas praatam pramukha paryaataka aakarshanagaa Pali.
thaai. laand akhaatam paarisramikangaa kudaa praamukhyata kaligi Palithaai. laand pradhaana Harbour ayina satahip Port bancock inlaand seaport pravesamgaa Paliatyadhikamgaa paryaataka aakarshanha kaligina vilaasavantamaina resortlu unna Andaman samudrateera prrantam aasiyaalo pasiddhi chendhaayi. fooket. crubby, ranang, fung nga, trong, sundaramaina thaai, laand dweepaalu annii Andaman samudrateeramlo unnayiloo sambhavimchina sunami sanghatanalanu adhigaminchi asiya unnanatha vargaaniki chendina prajalaku ivi jalakrida maidanaluga unnayi. 2004suiz. paanaama kaaluvala maadhirigaa, thaay kenaal " nirmimchi ravaanhaa soukaryaanni yerparachaalanna vyoohaatmakangaa pranalikalu saagutunnaayi " thaai raajakeeyanaayakulu sahitham yea pranalikaku maddatu teluputunnaru. yea kaluva nirmaanamtho simgapuur naukaashraya chaarjeelu thaggadam alaage chainaa. bharat, lato vaanijyasambhandhaalu merugupadagalavani yochistunnarumalaka sandhilooni samudrachorulanundi rakshana labhinchadam ravaanhaa samayam thaggadam vento prayojanaale kaaka aasiyaalo thaai. laand pradhaana noukakendramga maare avakaashaala drashtyaa yea prabhutva pranaaliku vyapaaravargaala maddatu kudaa labisthundhithaai. laand dakshinateera naukaasrayaalu deesha aardhikaranga abhivruddhiki thodpaatu andistundipradhaanamgaa paryaatakaramgam dwara labhistunna desadayam ippudu sevaaramgaaniki vistarinchadam dwara thaai. laand asiya sevaakendragaa maaranunnadiinginiiring praadhaanyata kaligina yea kaluva nirmananiki sumaarugaa. biliyanla amarican dollars vyayam kaagaladani bhavistunaaru 20-30 ushnamandala vushogratalu kaligina thaai. laand vaataavaranam medha varshala prabhavankuda adhikamgaane umtumdivarshaalato koodina. vecchani, challani south, vest varshapaatam mee masam madya nundi septembaru varku konasaagutundi- |
dakshinha istmas vaedi. thaditho koodina mishrita vaataavaranam kaligi umtumdi, vidya.
thaai
laandloo aksharasyatha atyunnatamaina sthaayiloo Palialaage thaai. laandloo chaakkagaa nirvahisthunna vidyaavidhaanamlo kindargardenlowar secondery, upper secondery paatasaalalu, lekkaku minchina ocational kaalejulu, vishvavidyaalayalu unnayi, privete ranga vidyaavidhanam kudaa chakkaga abhivruddhi chendi anni rangaalaku chendina vidyanu andistuu prabhuthvaranga vidyaasamsthalanu adhigaminchindi. samvatsaraala varku nirbhandha vidyavidhanam amaluloo Pali. 14 alaage prabhuthvam. samvatsaraala varku uchita vidyanu andistundi 17 vidyavidhanam vidyaarthulapai kaeenriikrutamai Pali.
ayinappatikee paatyaamsaalu mathram nirantharam marpulaku lonouthunna kaaranamgaa upaadhyaayulaku thaamu bodhinchavaasinadi aemito theliyaka. paatyapustakaala rachayitalu tamapanini konasaginchaeni sthithilo unnare, idi konni samvatsaraala nundi vishwavidyaalayaalalo sahitham vivaadaamsamgaa marindi. ayinappatikee. natiki vidyavidhanam athyunnatha sthaayiki chaerukumdi
2001 varthamaana vidyaarthulaloo adhikulu computers sambandhitha vidyaku mukhyatvam isthunnaru. anglabhasha saamardhyamlo thaai. laand aasiyaalova sthaanamloo Pali 54nundi.
2010 janavari varku deshamantha ai 2011 queue parikshalu nirvahinchabaddaayi.saraasari ique. gaaa nirnayinchabadindhi 98.59 idi mupati adhyayanaalakante adhikam. dakshinha bhoobhaagam ique sakta. gaaa nirnayinchabadindhi 88.7 nantaburi bhuubhaagamloe atyadhikamgaa ique sakta. gaaa nirnayinchabadindhi 108.91 thaai aarogyasaakha idodin lopam induku kaaranamani bhaavimchi pasimadesaala maadhirigaa ayodin cherchabadina uppunu prajalaku andinchaalani suchisthundi. loo vidyaasaakha. 2013paatasaalalaku amtarjaala vasati kalpinchabadutundani prakatinchindhi 27,231 science.
teknolgy , thaai
laandloo science gurinchina parisoedhanaluaardika sambandhitha badhyatanu, dhi naeshanal science und teknolgy " vibhaagam vahistundi " bhautika. rasayinaka, material simesses sambandhitha vishayalaku, dhi hsin " crotran lyt reesearch instituteyess (Una.orr.samshtha sahakaaram andhistunnadhi)" idi. suranari university af teknolgy " yess " (yu.ti.loo antarbhaagamgaa Pali) yea in. stitutukuministery af science und teknolgy " em (o.yess.ti.aardhikasaayam andistundi) dakshinaasiyaalo athyadhika aardhikasaayamtho nadusthunna in. stitutegaaa bhaavinchabadutundiyess. o.orr.ti.i.sea synchrotron mundhuga jjapan.loo aarambhimchi taruvaata thaailanduku taralinchabadindiantarjaalam.
thaai
laandprabhuthvam vai 23,000 vai amtarjaala anusandaana kendralu prajala koraku andistundi.thaai. laandloo antarjaalamgigabaitla hyspeed fiber 10optic linelu unnayi-ai. yess.p.kao , ai.orr.jed samshthalu nivaasagruhaalaku amtarjaala vasati andistundi.thaai. laand prabhuthvam antarjaalaanni semsar chessi konni saitsnu prajalaku cherakundaa addukuntundiroyale thaai plays. dhi comunication atharity, samaachara mantritvasaakha semsar badyatha vahistundi, sakta.
thaai
laanduloo anudhaarmika vidtut samshthalu leavuayinappatikee. loo aarambhinchadaaniki avaksam Pali 2026prasthutam. vidyuttu faasil fuel nundi labisthundhi 80% aardhikarangam.
thaai
laand sarikottagaa paarisramikangaa abhivruddhi chendutuu aardhikaabhivruddi saadhistunna deeshalaloo okatimadya atyadhikasaayilo sadhinchina abhivruddhi taruvaata thaai. 1985-1996 laand dhravyam samvatsaranikeabhivruddhi retunu namoodhu chesthundu 12.4% loo desam edurkonna aardhikasankshobham kaaranamgaa deesha aardhika abhivruddhi. 1997patanam ayindhi 1.9% sankshoebhaanni nivaarinchaleni asamardhata kaaranamgaa. chavalit yeong " chaiyudh rajyangam manthrimandalitho sahaa raajeenaamaa cheyavalasina paristiti eduraindinatiki amarican daalaruku badhuluga. 1978 baht 25 thaai dhravyam (natiki) 1997 baht 56 l sthaayiki patanam ayindhinatiki mro. 1998 patanam ayindhi 10.8% yea patanam asean aardika sankshoebham medha marinta prabavam choopindi. loo thaai. 1999 laand aardhikavyavastha kolokovadam prarambham ayindhiatyadhikamgaa perigina egumatule induku pradhaanakaaranam. loo saralikrutam cheyabadina prapancha aardhikavyavastha kaaranamgaa thaai. 2001lundaardhikaabhivruddhi saadhyamaindi 2.2% turuvaata kaalamlo thaai. laand asiya aardhikavyavasthalo kramaabhivruddhi saadhinchindibalaheenamaina baht egumatulanu prothsahinchiadamekaaka bhari pranalikalu. pradhanamantri andichina proothsaham deshaantargata konugolusakti adhikam ayindhi, samvatsaranike. 2002,2003, 2004 aardhikaabhivruddhi saadhyamaindi 5.7% samvathsara abhivruddhi.2005,2006, 2007 abhivruddhi konasaagindi 4-5% natiki amarican daalar |
balaheenapadadam. 2008 thaai, laand dhravyam balapadadam konasagina kaaranamgaanatiki amarican daalar 2008 ku edhurugaa bahtsthaayiki abhivruddhi konasaagindi 33 thaai.
laand samvatsaranike sevalaroopamlo andhistunnadhivasturoopamlo egumati cheestunna vaanijyam viluva, amarican dollars 105 egumatulalo pradhaanamienavi thaai bhiyyam. vasthraalu, puulu, mathya utpattulu, rabbar,aabharanalu, karlu, kampyootarlu, vidyuttu parikaraalu modalainavi, bhiyyam egumatulalo thaai. laand modati sthaanamloo Palithaai. laand samvatsaranikemallan tannulu bhiyyam egumati chesthunnadhi 6.5 desamlo pradhaana panta vari. saravantamaina bhuumulatoe thaai. 27.25% laand pantabhoomulu adhikanga kaligina deeshalaloo mahaa mccong bhuubhaagamloe prathma sthaanamloo Palithaai. laand saagubhoomulalovari pantaku upayoginchabadutundi 55% vijayavantamga nadusthunna vidyuttu upyoga parikaraalu.
vidibhaagaalu, kampyootarlu vidibhaagaalu, karla sambandhitha utpattulu deshaadaayaaniki upakaristundagaa, thaai. laand aadaayaaniki paryaatkaragam nundiaadaayam labisthundhi 6% alaage pedarikam. samskruthika paristhitulu milithamaina kaaranamgaa chattaviruddamaina kaaryakalaapaalato sampaadinchina nyaayaviruddhamai dravyamto, loo thaai 2003 laand zdi.p.abhivruddhi chendhindhi 3% ila cherina dhravyam viluva sumaaru. biliyanla 3 kootlu (300 amarican dollarlani anchana) loo. 1993 chattaviruddamaina kaaryakalaapaalato sampaadinchina dravyamto thaai
laand zdi.p.perigindani chulalankon vishwavidyaalayam adhyayanalu theliyajesthunnaayi 2.7% paryaataka rangam nundi. labhistunna aadaayamlo
chattavirodha karyakalapaladwara labhisthundhani anchana 10% thaai. laand zdi.p viluva.biliyanla 602 kootlu ( 60200 amarican dollars ) thaai. laand aardhikashakti dakshinaasiyaalo dviteeya sthaanamloo Paliprathma sthaanamloo indonesan Pali. thaai. laand talasari aadaayam dakshinasiya deeshalaloova sthaanamloo Pali 4modati. sthaanaalaloo simgapuur 3 broonai, malaysian unnayi, poruguna unna lavos. barma, kambhodia dheshaalaku thaai, laand aardhikarangam muulaadhaaramgaa Paliasiya aardika sankshobhaniki anek itarakaaranalaato egumatulu pradhaana kaaranamaiyyayi. 1997-1998 prapanchamloo automotive. vidyuttu upyoga parikaraalu egumatulalo thaai, laand prathma sthaanamloo Palimadyakaalamlomparisharama sammilitam. 1997, 2010 sampadha vikrayaala viluva, millionla 81 kootlu (8,100 amerikandaalarlani thaai forms prakatinchindhi) loo Bara yea vikrayaalu sarikotha rikard srushtistuu. 2010 millionla 12 kootlu (1,200 amerikandaalarlani anchana) loo jargina p. 2011 ti.ti chemicals p.sea.lus coppeny sammilitam athi peddha vikrayamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi.yea vikrayam viluva.biliyanla 3.8 kootlu (380 thaai).
laand sraamikulaloevyavavasaayakshetraalalo panichesthunnaru 49% ayinappatikee. loo vyavasaayakshetraalalo 1980sraamikulu panichesevaaru 70% paarishraamika samshthalaku sraamikulu adhikanga. taralipovadamto vyavasaayarangam shraamikula korata samasyanu edurkontunnadi
madyakaalamlo vyavasaayarangam. 1962-1983 abhvruddhini saadhinchindi 4.1% taruvaata samvatsaraalalo saraasari. abhivruddhi konasaagindi 2.2% vasthuvula egumati. sevaarangamlo z, di.p abhivruddhi konasaguthunna tarunamlo vyavasaayaranga z.di.p mathram taggumukam pattindhi.loo thaai. 2011laand nirudyoogamthoo arambham ayindhi 0.4%sameepakaalamlo anukookundaa talettina tirugubatu. saikaprapaalana prabavam valana desamlo astirata erpadinappatiki z, di.p abhivruddhi mathram.oddha niladokkukundi 4-5% sivilian paalanaloe. unna z 5-7% di.p rajakeeya astirata valana kontha kshininchindi.thaai.
laand saadharanamga metrik vidhaanam anusaristunnaa bhu parimaana kolatalaku angulaaluadugula vento sampradayaka vidhanalanu anusaristhundhi, konni samayaalaloe vadrangi paniki upakarinche koyyanu koladaaniki kudaa yea paddathi anusarinchabadutundi. vidyaaboodhanaku b. i.buddhist sakam ( vidhaanamlo kaalaganana jarugutunnappatiki pourasevalaku) prabhutva oppandaalaku, vaartaapatrikalaku, byanking, parisramalu, vaanijya sambandhitha vasshayaalaku mathram paaschaatya vidhaanamlo kreestusakam kaalagananu anusaristhundhi, ganankaalu.
bhaasha
thaai
laand adhikarika bhaasha thaaikadai - idi lavos. barmaloni shan bhashaku sameepanga umtumdi, dakshinha chainaa sarihaddulaku sameepamgaa unna hannian yeoman nagaralalo upabhaashalu konni maatlaadabadutunnaayi. thaai. kadai basha vidyabodhanaku - prabhutvanirvahanaku upakaristuu deeshamanthataa vaadukalo Pali, madya thaai. laandloo vaadukalo unna bhaasha praamaanika bhashaga bhaavinchabadutundiidi thaai aksharamaala. abugida lipi, khemar lipi prabhaavitamgaa erpadinadi ( gaaa vaadabadutundi) palu itara bhash |
alu vaadukalo unnayi. dakshinha thaai bhaasha dakshinha thaai.
laandloo matladabadutundiUttar bhuubhaagamloe Uttar thaai bhaasha matladabadutundi. swatantraraajyamaina lanathay bhuubhaagamloe Uttar thaai bhaasha matladabadutundi. thaai. laand palu alpasankhyaaka bhashaku kudaa aatidhyam estundeveetilo paddadi lavo yasato koodina isan Uttar thaai bhaasha matladabadutundi. idi okkosaari thaai bhashaga pariganhinchabadutundi. yea bhaashan matlade prantham okappudu lavos raajyamlo. lan csonung saamraajyam (untu vacchindi) suduura dakshinha praanthamlo malaysian deesha pradhaana bhaashaina malay yasato koodina yavi bhaasha matladabadutundi. atyadhikamgaa unna chaneeyulu vaividhyamyna chainaa bhashalu maatlaadabadutunnaayi. tiochu veetilo pradhaanamainadi. man.
khemar kutunbam chendina man-viet, mlabri, austronatian kutumbaaniki chendina orang asli, chaam, moken, sino. tebetan kutumbaaniki chendina lavaa - akhan, itara thaai bhaashalaina nia, foothay, siac vento palu girijan bhashalu kudaa vaadukalo unnayi, hamang prajala Madhya hamang bhaasha vaadukalo Pali. dheenini bhaashaakutumbaaniki chendina prajalaku vaadukalo unna bhashaga gouravistunnaru. pathasalalalo aanglabhaashanu nirbdandham chestunnappatiki aanglabhaashanu dharalamga matladutunna prajalasankhya mathram thakkuvaga unnare. pratyekamgaa nagaranaki velupala nivasisthunna prajala Madhya aaglabhasha vaadakam thakkuvaga Pali. matham.
thaai
laandloo saadharanamga tarawada buddhamatam aacharanalo Paliprapanchamloo tarawada buddhijam unnathamaina buddhamatamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi. chivari ganankalanu anusarinchi buddhamataavalambeekulalo. mandhi tarawada buddhijanni anusaristunnarani bhavistunaaru 94.6% thaai. laandloo rendava sthaanamloo unna muslim matanniprajalu aacharistunnaaru 4.6% thaai.
laanddakshinha bhoobhagalalo pattani yala, narathiwat, sangkaala chumphan, loo kontabhagam muslimulu adhikanga unnarejanasankhyalo kraistava mathaavalambeekulu. unnare 07% desamloni nagaralalo swalpasankhyalo sikku mathaavalambeekulu. hinduism mathaavalambeekulu unnare, desamlo. va sataabdhaniki chendina prajalalo kondaru jyuish matasthulu kudaa unnare 17samskruthi.
thaailand okappati akhanda Bharhut loo bhaagam kanuka akada hinduism samskruthi modati nundi Pali
bhaaratadaesam nundi pooindani vishleshakulu cheptunnaru conei adi elaa sadhyam. bhaaratadaesamloe bhaagam thaailand okappudu? kanuka hinduism samskruthi anede thaai prajalu modati nundi paatistunnaaru. vaalla bhashalu samskrutamuto mudi padi unnayi. thaai samskruthi bhartia.
lavo, barma, kambodiya, chainaa samskrutula prabhaavamtho roopudhiddhukundhi, thaai sampradaayalu kudaa bhartia. kambodiya, chainaa, itara dakshinasiya sampradaala valana prabhaavitamai Pali, thaai. laand dhesheeya matham tarawada buddhijam adhunika thaailaand ooka pratyekatagaa Palithaai buddhijam kaalaanugunangaa hinduism. anaemism alaage puurveekula aaraadhanaa vidhanala vento anek mataviswaalato prabhaavitamaindi, thaai adhikarika calander bouddhasaka aadhaarithamgaa tayaarucheeyabadindi. idi gregarian calendaruku. paaschaatya (samvathsaralaku mundhu umtumdi) 543 udaharanaga usa. sha.thaai calendarulo. 2012 umtumdi 2555 bhaaratadaesam nunchi vistarimchina hinduism.
bouddhamathaala prabhaavaalu kambhojadesam nunchi thaai, laandloki pravaesinchindiantekaka bhaaratadaesam nunchi vijnana krushi cheyadanki vacchina brahmin. vyaapaaraaniki vacchina vartakulu yea mataprachaaram chesar, thaai. laandloni mathambhaasha, samshthalu, lipi, kalalu, sahityam vantivaatilo bhartia mudhra kanipistundhi, thaai prajala nirlakshyaaniki guraina palu pratyeka aadivasi prajalalo kontamandi barma.
lavos, kambodiya, malaysialalo pravaesinchi vaarithoo kalisipoyaru, migilina varu vaari sampradhaayalaku praamtiya samskrutho sampradaayalu. antarjaateeya sampradayalanu mishritanchesi sarikotha varavadini srushtinchukunnaaru, chainaa nundi vachi cherina prajalu kudaa thaai prajalalo gurthincha thaginantha sankhyalo unnare. viiru pratyekamgaa bancock. dani parisarapraantaalalo unnare, varu thaay prajalato misitam aavdam valana varu aardika. rajakeeya rangaalalo pratyeka sthaanam vahistunnaru, variki unna antarjaateeya kutumba sampradhaya sambandhaalato varu vyapara sambandhaalu erparachukoni vaanijyaramgamlo vision sadhincharu. khon sho thaai. laand kalaapradarsanalaloo prabalyam santarinchukundithaai yuvatha okarini okaru kalusukunna samayaalaloe vaay ani okariki okaru abhinandanalu telupukuntaaru.
vaay antey renduchetulu kalipi namaskarinchi tala vanchi chethi vellanu taakutuu thama gouravanni teliyajestu maatalalo. sawasdi khrap " ani purushulaku " sawasdi caa, " ani streelaku palukutaaru " vayasuloe peddavaaru kudaa alaage pratispandistaaru. adhikaarulu.
peddavaaru, poojyulu pratyekamgaa ila gouravanni andukuntaaru, bhaaratadaesam. nepaul deeshalaloo namaskaram polinade vaay, fut bahl creeda thaai sampradayaka creeda ay |
ina may creedanu adhigaminchindi. samakaaleena thaai. laand yuvatha yea kridalanu chudadaaniki utsukata chuupistunnaaruthaai prajalu adhikanga aadaristunna itara creedalaloo gaalipataalu eguraveyadaaniki pratyekasthaanam Pali. thaai aahaara samskrutilo pradhaanamgaa iidu ruchulu praadhaanyata vahisthaayi.
avi varusaga teepi. kharam, vagaru, cheedu, uppu, thaai vamtalaloo tellagaddalu. mirapakaayalu, nimmakay rasam, nimmagaddi, fish saauce pradhaanamgaa chotuchaesukuntaayi, thaai pradhaana aahaaram bhiyyam. pratyekamgaa jasmine bhiyyam. dheenini haam maali roses ani kudaa antaruu ( dadapu thaay aahaaralu annintiki cherchukuntaaru) bhiyyam egumatilalo antarjaateeyamgaa pradhamasthaanamlo unna thaai. laandloo ooka vyakti ooka samvatsaranike saraasarikilos bhiyyam tana aaharamloo upayostunnadu 100 thaai. laand nundi saekarinchinavarivangadaalu philippine 5,000 loo unnaroses jene Banki af internationale roses reaserch in " stituteai " (orr.orr.ai.samrakshinchabadutunnaay) thaai. laand raju aiorr.orr.ai adhikarika pooshakudugaa vuntadu.anek asean samskrutula maadhirigaa thaai.
laand matasampradaayaalu poorveekulapatla gouravam pradarsinadaaniki pradhaanyatha isthaayivamsaanugatamgaa vacchina samskruthi valana sevabhavam. audaaryam thaai samskrutilo bhaagamai Pali, peddarikam annadhi thaai sampradayamlo athantha pradhaanyatha kaligi Pali. pandugalu. sampradhaya vaedukalu, kutumba nirnayaalu cheyadamlo peddhalaku samuchita sthaanam umtumdi, santhanamlo peddavaaru chinnavari patla baadhyataayutamgaa vyavaharisthaaru. thaai.
laand samskrutilo kaalitho marokari thalanu taakadam nishaedhamthaai. laand prajalu kaallu sariiramloe heenamaina bhaagamgaa bhavinchadame induku kaaranamthaai prajalu gatakonni sanatsaraalugaa palubhasha saahithyaanni chadhivi aanandistunnaru. sameepakalamgaa desamlo palubhasha sahityam andubaatuloki ravadame induku kaaranam. desamlo aamgla. thaai, chainaa patrikalu andubatulo unnayi, prajalanu akarshinchadaniki palu thaai patrikalu kudaa aanglaseershikalanu prachuristuntaayi. thaai. laand vaanijyamlo adhikanga aanglabhaashanu upayogistaarualaage kontha varku itara bhashalanu kudaa maatlaadutuntaaru. thaai.
laand desamlo vartha pathrikala pracurana dakshinaasiyaaloone pratyekata kaligi Paliva samvatsaramlo desamlo okarojuku. 2013 millionla dinapatrikalu vikrayinchabaddaayi 13 bancock loni app county praatam meediaku pradhaanamgaa sthavaranga vardhillutundi. udaharanaga. thaai 2003-2004 lands piblic relatioms depertment nivedikalanu anusarinchi thaailaand eshaanyabhaagamlovarthapathrikalu 116 rdi, ti, v.kebul samshthalu panichestunnay, hinduism devalayas.
nakon
rachaseema rashtramlo usa sha.va sataabdaaniki chendina hinduism deevaalayam Pali. 11andulooni shivlingam. nandy vigrahalu ippatikee chequu chedarakunda unnayi, akadiki. ki 15 meela dooramlo pimay.charthraathmaka paarku Pali sataabdaallo nirmimchina yea Kota peruu vaasthavaaniki vimaypura tharuvaathi kaalamlo vimaya. 11-12 pimay, gaaa marindihindukhemar. vamshasthulu nirmimchina yea Kota kambodiya nirmaana style umtumdi ikda tappakunda chudalsina mro pradeesam courat. ikda tavvakaallo bayatapadina aadimaanavula avasheeshaalanu pradarsanalo unchaaru. desamlo sandarsinchaalsina mro Kota aayutaya. idi courat. bancock - Madhya chaav praia nadi odduna unna prachina Kota aayutaya. mana Ayodhya nunchi vachindani Dumka... yea nagaramlo chaii. vatanaram bouddhaalayam pratyekamgaa cheppukovalsinanta pradhaanamainadinalaugu gopuraala naduma. meetarla pradhaana gopuram aati nirmaana sailini 35 naipunyaanni kallaku kadutondi, pandugalu.
thaai
landpandugallo sonkran loy, kratangpradhaanamienavi prachina thaai. calander prakaaram samvatsaraadina antey epril okatotedina modhalayye sonkran mana heuulii lantide okaripai okaru nillu challukuntu muuduroojulapaatu utsahanga jarudutundhi. alaage loy. kratang panduga mana bathukamma kaarthika purnima vedukalni gurtu chesthundu, arati doppalo aakulu. puulu, kandil, sa amarchi neetiloki vadulutaaruvinodam.
desamlo vyavasaayaaniki
pasusampadaku prassiddhi pondina pradeesam kudaa kauyay, regian Bara pratyeka vaahanaalloo whine. yaardu motham tirigi chudavachu kauyay. dairy pham saki kudaa prasaddhichok. chaiipham aasiyaaloki paddadi elluga nadusthunna yea pham. 50 goppa paryaataka pradeesam kood sadarana paryatakulu. vidyaarthulu, shaasthravetthalu, vyaapaarulu, yedadiki kanisam muudu lakshala mandhi sandarsistaaru... sendriaya paddhatilo vyavasaayam chesthu biodiesel. ais, kreemvento paala utpattulu tayaruchese chok chaiipham yeppudu sandadigaa umtumdi sandarsakula basa choose atyaadhunika gudaaraalu. vinodam choose cowboy, shovanti vinoda kaaryakramaalu restaurants, shaping, centarlu unnayi paryaatakulaku.
vasatulu thaai
loo pattayalo beachesrisaartulu hotels unnatle kauyay, loo risaartulu |
pachati chetluparwatta shrenula Madhya unnayi, ikda prathi risar. tahottal, paryatakula vinodaala choose aedo ooka pratyeka erpaatu chesthundu amuse. mentparkulu advencher, spore tsaswimming, pool sacowboy, sholavanti vinoda kaaryakramaalu nirantharam saagutuunae untai aradajanupaigaa gol. pha maidaanaalu unnayidhaaripodavunaa premiuum haute. lettsalotas, malls sa vento shapingcentarlu untai ekkadi paleo shaping. malls loo edhee konakunda vindo shapingcheyadamuu chakkani anubavame kauyay. praantamloonae unna dawn quianprantham paatareeki prassiddhi emarald buddhist alayam.
marakata buddhudu thaai
tourer loo mro pratyekata bancockloo emaralda buddhudini chudadamwet. praakayo emaral (da buddhist alayamkambodiya nirmaana style umtumdi) pachchani granite. raatitoe nirmimchina buddhudi vigraham ikda pratishtinchaaru yea vigraham shataabdaala kritam bhaaratadaesam nunchi kambodiya. lavos, viyatnaam deshalagunda chetullu maaruthuu bancock, cherindhi bauddhulu jeevitamlo okkasaarainaa marakata buddhudini darsinchukovalanukunta. yea alayam bancock. loo chaavpraaya nadi odduna Paliyea nadhiki mro odduna nirmimchina wet. arunh deevaalayam mro adbhuta kattadam meetarla podavaina pagoda suryah kaantitoo milamila merustuuntundi. 79 itali yan. style unna thaairajapasradam anandha samakrom kudaa chusi tiiraalsina kattadame bancock. loo chudalsina anek viseshaallo jimdhaamsan house museums suwan, pakkad paalaace museums unnayi suwan. pakkad museums prachina thaai illa nirmaanaanni anusarinchi umtumdi raajavamsastulu deesha. videshaala nunchi sekarim china anek vastuvulu indhulo unnayi, shaping centarlu.
bancock
loo shapingcenterlalo pramukhamainadi aseatic shaping senter idi kudaa chaav. praaya nadi oddune Paliindhulo vandala shaapulu. anek restaurants unnayi, alaage pahurat. bombay maarket kood idi thaai. laandku valasa vellina bharatiyulu erpaatu cheskunna maarketthaai. laandloo vaataavaranam mana vaataavaranaanne talapistundikabaadi ikda paryatanaku mana valluu pratyeka dustulavanti erpaatlu chesukonakkarledu. thaai. laandloo paryaatakam mukhyamaina parisramaakkadi varu touristula patla aadaraabhimaanaalu chupistharu, godvalu emunna parliamentuke parimitam. touristulu nirbhayamgaa desamlo ekkadaina paryatim chavachhu ani thaai. laandparyaatakam atharity prakatinchindhi kauyay.
naeshanal paarkulo parvatasrenulu...
dattamaina adavulu, jalapaataalu, selayellu, krooramrugaala samchaaram, arudaina pakshula kilakilaravaalu, aadata maanavula avasheshaalu sahajatvaanni pratibimbistunte, atyaadhunikataku prateekagaa holiday resarts... gol, pha koortulu unnayitouristula choose camping. nyt, safari treckig, ku erpaatlu unnayihaneemoon. kapul ni alarinche byuutifulspotu lathopaatu pillalathoo vacchina kutumbaalu sedadeere saukaryam unna pradeesam kauyayyea par. ka puraavastu parisoedhanaprachina kalalu, nirmaanam vento amsaalapai aasakti unna variki saraina gamyasthanam kood, kauyaaya naeshanal. par ka nalaugu rashatllero vistarimchi Palidheenini yuneskoo prapancha vaarasatva sampadaga gurtinchindi. massages.
senter bancock
loo e veedhilo choosinava massagescentarlu kanipistaayi idi vaari sampradhaya vaidyavidhaanam. thaai. landmassages centerla medha mana vallaku e Dumka unnaa thaai vaasulu mathram daanni pavitramgaa bhaawistaaru manam Kerala ayurveda massages. nu gowravinchinatluelaa vellaali.
thaai
laandvellalante vesa aan arrival saukaryam Pali wet. baground loo teesina remdu passesportu saiju photoluregular, couture loobaaa 1000 lu ledha tatkalcouture loobaaa 1200 l feezu cheyllinchaalidabbunu rendumudu vaela baaa. lugamigilinadi dalarluga teesukuvellatam manchidhi, desamlo kurencie exchag. centarlu chaaala unnayi daalarlanu kshanaallo thaai. baaa luga marchukovachhuthaai. baaa viluva dhaadhaapugaa rupai enabhai piecelu nalaugu rojula tripe. ku okkarikeenunchi 20 vaela roopaayavutundi 25 hottal. rent rojuku Churu nundi aaredu vaela varku umtumdi marinta Datia choose thaai. laandparyaatakam atharity webb cytechudavachu thaai. sampradhaya natyam likoy yea kalaakaarulu bouddhalayallo pradarsanalistaaru. yea natyam chesedappudu kalaakaarula vastradharana. kathaamsam annii bharatiyatanu pooli untai, adhikaarikam.
thaailand prabhuthvapu saitu
Thaigov.go.th thaayi jaateeya saasanasabha
itharaalu
Tourism Authority of Thailand Official tourism website
moolaalu
Wikivoyage: Thailand - Travel guide
CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand
asiya
chainaa ani saadharanamga piluvabadee chainaa prajala ganatantram |
peeples republik af chainaa ( turupu aasiyaalo athipedda desam) prapanchamlooni athipedda deeshalaloo sekend, kotla . 130 biliyan (1.3 paigaa janaabhaatho prapanchamlooni athi peddha janaba gala) doo 2deshamu chainaa Pali
chainaa rajadhani Kota beijing. athipedda Kota sanggai (Beijing).chainaa yeka parti paalita desam (shangai).chainalo.
bhoobhaagaalu unnayi 22 veetilo., swayam prathipathhi 5 atanimus (kaligina bhoobhaagaalu) nalaugu direct controled munisipaalitiilu, beijing (tiazin, shangai, changquing, remdu svayampaalita bhoobhaagaalu), haamg (qangmakou, unnayi) p. orr.silo unna phri are af republik af chainaa bhuubhaalanu republik af chainaa paalanaloe unnayi.tiwan. kinmen, matsu, fujian, dakshinasiya adhinamlo unna dweepaalu rajakeeya sthiti vivaadhaaspadhamgaa Pali, bhougolikam.
millionla vaishaalyamtho chainaa vaisaalyaparamgaa aasiyaalo rendava sthaanamloo Pali
9.6 chainaa bhougolikamgaa vistaaramaina. vaividhyangaa umtumdi, mangolian manchurian sopana aranyaalu. step forest (gobi adaari), taklamakan adaari, utharamlo unna vupa ushnamandala aranyaalu unnayi, himalya. karakoram, pamir parvataalu, tian shan parvatavali, ivi chainanu dakshinasiya (Madhya asiya nundi veruchestunnayi, unnayi) teebet nundi pravahisthunna yangtje nadi. ello nadi, prapanchamloo arava peddanadi (unnayi) pasifik samudrateeramlo unna chainaa samudrathiram podavu. ki 4,500 mee.samudrathiram venta bohai samudram. yelow samudram, turupu chainaa samudram, dakshinha chainaa samudram unnayi, samskruthi.
chainaa samskruthi athi puraathanamainadhi
chainaa prapanchapu puraathanamainadhi. Uttar chainaa mydaanaanni pacha nadi phalavamtham chesthundu. chainaa rajakeeya charithraloo vamsapaaramparya raajavamsaalu unnayi. aarambhakaalamlo cree. poo.loo pacha nadiiteeramloo semi mithalogical rajavamsam paalinchindi 2800 cree. poo.nundi quinn rajavamsam chainaalooni palupraantaalanu swaadheenaparachukundi 221 taruvaata raajyam vistarinchabadi palumarlu samskarinchabadindi.
loo quinn saamraajyaanni throsivesi chainaa republik. 1911 avatharinchindhi (1912-1949) rendava prapancha yuddamlo jjapan longipoyina taruvaata communist parti chainaa pradhaana bhuubhaagamlooni kuominthang. nu odinchiaktobaru 1948 na republik af chainanu sthaapinchinchindi 1cumintang tirigi pratuta taipe oddha republik af chainaa prabhuthvam erpaatu chesindi. chainaa sanklishtamaina. athipedda aardhikavyavastha kaligi Pali, loo chainalo aardika samskaranhalu jariginappati nundi. 1978ativegamgaa z, di.p.abhivruddhi chosen deeshalaloo okatiga chainaa gurthimpu pondindi. ganankalanu anusarinchi nominal z. 2019 di.p.abhivruddhilo chainaa prapanchamloo modati sthaanamloo undani telustundhi. ganankalanu anusarinchi nominal z. 2014 di.p.abhivruddhilo chainaa prapanchamloo rendava sthaanamloo undani telustundhi. athipedda motthamloo sarukulanu egumati chese deeshalaloo chainaa rendavasthaanamlo Pali.anvaayudhaalu kaligi unna deeshalaloo chainaa okati. athyadhika sankhyalo seinika brundaalanu kaligi unna deeshalaloo kudaa chainaa okati. nundi peeples republik af chainaa. 1971 p (orr.sea.aikyaraajyasamiti sabhyatvam kaligi Pali) chainaa. world trade artganisation, asiya pasifik ekanaamik corparetion, b, orr.ai.sea.yess.dhi sanggai corparetion aarganyjeshan, dhi b, sea.ai.em.z, mazer ekanamis vento-20 palu formal informal bahulajaati samsthalalo sabhyatvam kaligi Pali, chainaa goppasaktigaa. alaage aasiyaalo athipedda shakthigaa gurtinchabadutondi, vimarsakulu chainaa apaara saamarthyam gala deshamgaa avatarinchagaladani bhavistunaaru. bhaasha.
gadulu
geethalu.. bommalugaa umdae chainaa bhaasha chaaala chitramga.. sanklishtamgaa umtumdi,chainaa varu yea bhaashan. mandarin 'ani pilustharu' akkadi nighantuvula prakaaram chusthe sumaaru. gurthulu 56,000 keraktarlu (unnayani chebuthaaru) ekkuvaga mathram. gurthulu vadathara 3,000 ivi oste. saatam chainaa bhaashan nerchesukunnatte 99 chainaa aksharaalu rayadaniki kanisam. nunchi garishtanga 1 geethalu geeyalsiuntundi 64 chainalo majority prajalu matlade!
mandarin 'bhaashan mana cbs ' yea paatya pranaalikaloo cherchanunnarucharithra.
charitrakaalaaniki mundhu
puratatva parisodhakulu
aarambhakaala homineedlu mallan samvatsaraala mundhu chainalo nivasinchaarani bhavistunaaru 2,50,000, 2.24 jaukaudian. pratuta beijing (loni ooka guhalo cree) poo.madya nivasinchina homineed silaajaalu labhinchayi 6,80,000 - 7,80,000 peeking man heuumoo erectus.
kumodhatisaarigaa agnini upayoginchina manavudu (ooka udaaharanha) peeking man pradeesamloo. heuumoo sapimes kalaniki chendina avasheshaalu kudaa labhinchayi 18,000-11,000 cree. poo.kalaniki mundhu nundi proto 7,000 raiting unikilo undani telustundhi- dameyid sameepamlo. kalaniki chendina dadiwan samskruthi 5,800-5,400 millionla samvathsaralaku mundhu aati bompo samskruthi vilasill |
indani telustundhi, 5 kontamandi parisodhakulu cree..poo.mallan samvathsaralaku mundunna jaihu chihnalu atipuraatanamainavani bhavistunaaru 7 tholi raajavamsaalu.
chainaa sampradaayam anusarinchi cree
poo.samvathsaralaku chendina xia rajavamsam chainanu paalinchina modati raajavamsamgaa bhavistunaaru 2100 loo henan.
1959loo erlitou samskrithiki chendina kamsya yugambronz aj (aati avasheeshaalanu parisoedhinchina caritrakarulu idi puraanakaalaaniki chendina saamraajyam ani bhavistunaaru) idi niroopitam cheyabadakunda Pali. yea prantham xia saamraajyamloonidai vundali leka samakaaleena maroka samskrithiki chendinadani bhavistunaaru. taruvaata xiong vansha girinchi samakaaleena recordula dwara labhinchina Datia namoodhaina samaachaaramlo aarambhakalam naatidani bhavistunaaru.
shung rajavamsam turupu chainaalooni yellonadii mydaanaanni cree.
poo.sataabdhaalalo paalincharu 11- 7shung rajavamsaaniki chendina oraacle boen script. oraacle emukala vraata (cree) (poo.adhunika chainaa lipisambandhita puurveekula vraatalu labhinchayi 1200), jhou vansha.
shung vansha medha vision sadhinchi jhou rajavamsam cree
poo.sataabdhaala Madhya paalana saagimchimdi 7-5 kramamga bhuuswamulu raajyapaalana chepattaaru. jhou vansha balahinapadina taruvaata palu swatanter rajyalau talettaayi. taruvaata vasantham. hemantakaalaalo rajyalamadhya, samvatsaraala kaalam nirantara yudhalu saagaayi 300 taruvaata cree. poo.sataabdhaala kaalamlo saaginchina yuddhaala Madhya 5-3 saktivantamaina rajyalau avatarinchaayi 7 yea raajyaalaku pratyekamgaa raju. mantrivargam, sainyamtho unnayi, chainaa saamrajyaalu.
cree
poo.natiki quinn rajavamsam itara aaru rajyala medha vision sadhinchina taruvaata rajyalamadhya yuddhaalaku muginpu labhinchindi 221 taruvaata modati samaikya chainaa saamraajyam avatharinchindhi. quinn shi hung tanuku taanee. modati quinn chakravartigaa prakatinchikuni chainaa antataa samskaranhalu chepattaadu samskaranalalo chinas bhaashan pravesapettadam. kolatalu, kolaparimaanaalu, corrensy, bundy irusula podavu nirnayinchadam modalainavi pradhaanamienavi, taruvaata. samvathsaralaku quinn shi hung maranam taruvaata quinn rajavamsam adhikaaram kolpooemdhi 15 taruvaata athoritarian plays naayakatvamlo raajyamantataa tirugubatu talettindi. hahn rajavamsam..
trvta kri
poo.nundi usa 206 sha.varku paalinchina hahn rajavamsam samskruthi prajalalo vyaapimchi pratuta kaalam varku nilichi Pali. 220 hahn vansha paalanaloe dakshinha koriyaa.
vuyatnam, mangollia, Madhya asiya praantaalaloo seinika caryalu kalahalu adhikarinchaayi, alaage Madhya aasiyaalo silk roddu sthapanakuda sadhyam ayindhi. puraathana prapanchamloo hahn chainaa athipedda aardhikavyavasthagaa undedi. hahn raajakutumbeekulu aacharinchina confucianism prajalalo praacuryam podindi.
quinn chattaalu. adhikarika niyamaalanu vadili hahn sarikotha palana vidhanalanu pravesapettindi, hahn paalana taruvaata.
hahn paalana mugimpuku vacchina taruvaata prajalalo ikyamathyam vicchinnamai sarikottagaa muudu rajyalau avatarinchaayi
usa. sha.loo chainaa suie rajavamsam naayakatvamlo samaikyaparachabadindi. 581goguryevo. suie yudhalaloo - usa (sha..suie odipovadamto suie paalana mugimpuku vacchindi 598-614) taruvaata tang. sang raajavamsaalu, chainaa sanketikam, samskruthi swarnayugamlo pravaesinchindi, va sataabdhamlo aan shi tirugubatu deeshaanni vinaasanam cheyadame kaaka saamraajyaanni balaheenaparachindi. 8prapanchamloo paiper kurencie pravesapettina modati prabhutvamgaa sang saamraajyam pratyekata santarinchukundi. sataabdhaalalo chainaa prajala sanka rettimpai.. 10-11 millionlu chaerukumdi 100 Madhya. dakshinha chainalo varipanta adhikarinchadam, prajalaku vistaaramgaa aahaaram labhinchadam jansankhya adhikarinchadaaniki kaaranaalaloo okati ayindhi, sang paalanaloe thathvashastram. kalalu vardhillaayi, prakruthi drusyala chithreekarana. potrait kothha sthaayiki cherukuni pakwam, sarikotha sameekarana sadhinchayi, prajalu kalaakhaandaalanu darsinchadam vaari kalaakhaandaalanu vyaapaaradrushtitho parisilinchadam arambham ayindhi.
sang palana kaalamlo neo confucianism.tang paalanaloe buddhijam praabalyata santarinchukunnaayi, mangol dandayatra.
va sataabdhamlo chainanu mangol saamraajyavaadula daadiki guraindi
13natiki mangol veerudu kublaikhan yuan saamraajyaanni stapinchadu. 1271 loo yuan seedhabhaagaanni anthatinee jayinchindi. 1279mangol dandayaatraku mundhu chainaa pourula sanka. millionlu ayindhi 120 natiki ganankaalu chainaa pourula sankhyanu. 1300 millionluga namoodhu chesindi 60 jhuyuvan geng aney karshakudu.
loo yuan saamraajyaanni trosi meng samrajya sdhaapana Akola 1368meng paalanaloe chainaa maroka swarnayugaanni chusindi. aa samayamlo chainaa prapanchamloo saktivantamaina naukaanirmaanam chesindi. chainaa aasamayamlo kalalu. samskruthi abhivruddhotoe sampannamaina aardhikavyavasthanu kaligi undedi |
, geng hee naayakatvamlo prapanchadesaalannintina chaneeyulu anveeshana saaginchaaru. meng saamraajyam arambamlo nayna rajadhani nanjing nundi beijing. ku tarakinchabadindimeng palana calamlovang yaang meng modalaina tatvavettalu.kontha vimarsaku guraiyyaru neo confucianism vyaktitvavaadam.naitikavaadamto marinta vistarimchimdi, samaikhya tirugubatu dhalaalu..
loo beijing samaikya tirugubatu dhaalaala vasham ayindhi
1644tirugubatu dalalaku meng yuva adhikary naayakatvam vahinchaadu. chivari meng chakraverthy chuang jhen chakraverthy Kota swaadheenam cheskunna taruvaata aatmahatya chesukunadu. manchu quinn samrajya sainikaadhikaari voo sangoo swalpakaala paalana chosen shan rajavamsaaniki chendina leeni. tolaginchi beijing nu swaadheenam cheesukuni meng rajadhanini cheesukuni paalana saaginchaaduvamsapaalanaku muginpu.
chainalo chivari raajarika
vyvasta loo arambhamai 1644varku konasaagindi 1912 vijayavantam ayina saamrajyamgaa kwing paalanaloe kwing vyatiraekata. hygiene, samudra nishaedham (siddhaantika sahithya vichaarana modalainavi nirankusa anichivetaku guraiyyayi), va sataabdhamlo chainaa paschima saamraajyavaada daadulanu anubhavinchindi.
19britton. phraans thoo modati opiyam iddam, rendava opiyam iddam taruvaata chainaa asambaddhamaina oppandaalalo santhakam cheeyadam (1838-42), nashtapariharam chellinchadam, videshaalaku adanapu bhoobhaagam ivvadam, haamg qang, nu brittonku vadhaladam modalainavi raajarika vyavasthanu debbatisailoo naane. 1842king oppandammodati jjapan, 1894- 95 seeno iddam koren dvipakalpamlo kwing raajarika vyavasthaa prabalyanni tagginchaayi- alaage tiwan jjapan swatantramgaa vyavaharinchadam arambham ayindhi.
kwing rajavamsam.
madya kaalamlo kwing millionla prajala maranaaniki kaaranam ayina raajyaamga asanthiki
1850 - 1860 dakshinha chainanu kadilinchina viphalamaina taiping thirugubatuku sakshyamga nilichimdi, punti haqqa clan yudhalu.
nizan tirugubatu (1855-67), meo tirugubatu (1851- 78), panthe tirugubatu (1854- 73), dungan tirugubatu (1856-73), vijayavantam ayina (1862-77), swashakti vudyamam 1860 lamadya various seinika charyalathoo anichiveyabaddaayi 1880-1890 chinas valasalu.
va sataabdhamlo sambhavimchina Uttar chainaa caruvu
19northen chainaa famine (vento upadravamlo 1876-79) millionla mandhi prajala maranaaniki guraiyyaru 9-13 nastalu upadravala kaaranamgaa chaineeyulalo. peddha ettuna valasalu prarambham ayyaayi dheenini goppa chainaa vasasalugaa varnincharu. loo adhunika raajyaamga sdhaapana koraku gangsu chakravartiche vandarojula samskaranhalu chepattabaddayi. 1898yea saskaranalanu chakravartini dovagar sixes chetha nirodhinchabaddaayi. anty vestarn baaksar rebellian. kaaranamgaa saamraajyam marinta balaheenapadindi (1899-1901) chakravartini dowagar sixes palu pratishtatmakamaina samskaranhalu chepattinappatiki. loo kwing saamraajyam antarinchindi 1911-12taruvaata republik af chainaa. avatharinchindhi (1912-49) republik af chainaa.
janavari (1912–49)
1912 republik af chainaa sthapinchabadindhi 1 cumimtang.ku chendina shoneyaat-sen-nationalist parti (adhyakshuniga niyaminchabaddadu) ayinappatikee taruvaata adhyakshapadavi puurvapu kwing genaral.
ku yuan shikaiku ivvabadindiyuan shikai. loo tananutanu chainachakravartiga prakatinchukunnaadu 1915 taruvaata aayana swantasainyam vyatiraekata. pramukhulakhandana simhaasanaanni vadili tirigi republik sthaapinchavalasina paristiti euduraindi, shikai maranam taruvaata.
loo chainaa raajakeeyamgaa vibhajanaku guraindi
1916chainaa beasng aadhaaritha prabhuthvam adhikaaramloo thakkuvaga unnaa antarjaateeya gurtimpunu kaligi Pali. chainaalooni atyadhikabhuubhaanni praamtiya yuddhaveerula hasthagatam ayindhi. loo cumimtang. 1920northen expedition " paerita deeshaanni tirigi samaikyam Akola " cumimtang desaraajadhaanini nanjing.
ku taralinchaaducumimtang yaat. sen-doctorin paerita rajakeeya sikshnhaa vidhanaanni pravesapetti chainanu adhunika prajaapaalanaku teesukuvachhaadu- rendava sino.
jjapan iddam - jargina sino
1937-1945 jjapan iddam cumintang- communist paarteelamadya asoukaryamaina kuutami kalagadaniki dhaaritheesindhi, jjapan sainyamtho. chainapourulaku vyatirekamga palu yuddhaneraalu daarunaalaku palpadindi, iddam miliyanlakoddii chainapourula maranaaniki sakshyamga nilichimdi. jjapan akramana samayamlonanjing. loo Baramandhi chaneeyulu mookummadi hathyalaku guraiyyaru 2,00,000 yuddhasamayamlo chainaa. yu, kao yu.yess.soveit union, lanutrustip af dhi powerfull " ani " aikyaraajyasamiti chetha, big phore " gaaa abhivarninchabadindi "rendava prapancha yuddamlo kootani deeshalaloo chainaa migilina muudu deshaalatho kalisi.
phore plays men " ani varninchabadindi " rendava prapanchayuddhamlo vision sadhinchina deeshalaloo chainaa kudaa okatiga pariganhinch |
abadindhi. loo jjapan longipoyina taruvaata pescadors. 1945thoo chaerchina tiwan tirigi chainavasam cheyabadindhichainaa vision sadhinchina deeshalaloo okatiga nilichinappatikii aardhikamgaa purtiga debbathinnadi.
iddam valana kalugina nastalu paristhitini marinthagaa digajarchayi. cumimtang. madya avisvaasam konasaagadam, antaryuddhaaniki dhaaritheesindhi 1947 rajyangam tirigi punahsthaapitam cheyabadindhi. yuddhaanantara parinaamaalu republik af chainaa antataa asaanti nelakonadaaniki daariteesaayi. peeples republik af chainaa.
loo chainaa anataryuddham mugimpuku vacchindi (1949–present)
1948communist parti chainaalooni atyadhikamaina bhuubhaagaanni vasaparachukunnadi. cumimtang desam vidichi paaripooyaadu. republik af chainaa adhikaaram tiwan. hainan, sameepamlo unna dveepaalaku parimitam ayindhi, communist parti chariman maavo zedong. peeples republik af chainaa " sdhaapana chesinatlu prakatinchaadu" loo peeples libeeration armi hainan.
1950loo nilichi republik nundi bhuubhaalanu vaeruchaeyadaanikitibetnu aakraminchadaaniki, prayatninchindhi maavo paalana.
maavo paalanaloe
millionla bhuuswaamulanu hatamaarchi chepattabadina vyavasaayasamskaranalu karshakula adarananu pondaayi 1-2 maavo naayakatvamlo chainaa swatanter paarishraamika aadhaaritamaina aardhikavyavasthanu. anvaayudha sampattini saadhinchindi, taruvaata chainaa pourula sanka.
nundi 550 l millionlaku chaerukumdi 900 maavo aardika. sanghika samskaranala cheesinappatikii, greeat chinas famine " gaaa varninchabadina caruvu samayamlo "millionla maranalu sambhavinchaayi 45 madya sagina karuvulo miliyanlakoddii prajalu aakalitoo maranhicharu. 1958-1961 loo maavo kuutami aarambhinchina saskrutika viplavam rajakeeya prateekaaram. 1966sanghika thirugubatuku dhaaritheesindhi, yea sangharshanalu. loo maavo maranhamtho 1976mugimpuku vacchai
samskruthika viplavam.
maavo maranam taruvaata deng xiopioping adhikaaram chaepatti aardhika samskaranhalu Akola
communistu parti adhikaaraanni kolpooemdhi. taruvaata chainaa soshalija aadhaaritha pratyekamaina swantha. palanavidhanam erpaatu chesukundi
loo chainalo pratuta rajyangavidhanam pravesapettabadindi. 1982loo tainanmen squware ninaadaalu nirankusamgaa anichiveyabaddaayi.
1989idi prapancha vyaaptangaa teevravimarshalaku daariteesi paludaesaalu chainaa prabhuthvaaniki vyaturekamgaa vaividhyamyna nirnayaalu teesukunnaayi. jaig zemin.
li peng - rong, loo desharaajakeeyaalaku jiang zemin
1990lee peng, jhu rangji naayakatvam vahinchaaru, vaari naayakatvamlo chainaa. millionla vyavasaayadaarula aardhikaparisthiti merugai beedarikam nundi varu velupaliki vachcharu 150 alaage chainaa z. di.p.abhivruddhi chendhindhi 11.2% loo who jinto.2000vine jinto aadhvaryamloo aardhikaabhivruddi saadhinchindi, loo chainaa. 2001world trade aarganyjeshan " bhaagaswaamyam vahinchimdi " chainapourula jeevanasthiti vegavantamgaa abhivruddhidasalo mundukusaagindi.
ayinappatikee kendreekrutamaina rajakeeyaadhikaaram saktivantamgaa marindi. lowang lijun sambhavam taruvaata dasaabdhakaala communistu parti naayakatvamlo.
2012 marpulu sambhavinchaayi va communistu parti samaveshamlo xi zin. 18pingu communistu parti genaral sekretareegaa husintoni neyaminchaaduxi zimping naayakatvamlo chainaprabhutvam aardhikasamskaranalanu chaepattimdi. aardika samskaranhalu nirmaanaathmaka astirata. abhivruddhi maandhyaaniki daariteesaayi, xi.
li naayakatvam samskaranalalo oche ooka bidda-khaidu vidhanaanni pravesapettindi, bhougolikam.
rajakeeya bhougolikam
prapanchadesaalalo bhuuvaisaalyaparamgaa chainaa rendava sthaanamloo Pali
modatisthaanamlo rashyaa Pali. ayinava bhoobhaagam. jalabhagam kalisina vaisaalyaparamgaa chainaa muudu leka naalgavasthaanamlo Pali, rashyaa. kanada,americasamyuktrathash motham vaishaalyam modati moodusthaanaalalo undani bhavistunaaru, chainaa motham vaishaalyam.
chadarapu millu untundani anchana 96,00,000 idi encyclopdia britannica anchana anusarinchi.
. chadarapu millu untundani anchana 95,72,900 aikyaraajyasamiti iar boq anusarinchi.
chadarapu millu untundani anchana 9596961sea.
, ai.Una world boq anchana anusarinchi.chadarapu millu untundani anchana 9596961 chainaalooni yaalu mukhadwaram nundi gulf af tonkin madyaduram.
ki 22117 mee untundani anchana.chainaa sarihaddu deeshaala sanka rashyaa kaaka. . unnayi 14 chainaa turupu asiya varku vistarimchi Pali.
chainaa sarihaddulo viyatnaam. lavos, barma deshalu, aaganeya aasiyaadesaalaina, bhaaratadaesam bhootan, nepaul, paakisthaan, unnayi dakshinasiya deshaalaina afghanistan. tajikistan, kirgijikisthan unnayi, madya aasiyaadesaalaina rashyaa. mangollia, Uttar koriyaa unnayi, adanamga chainaa samudrasarihaddulalo jjapan. viyatnaam, phillippimes, dakshinha koriyaa unnayi, prakruthi.
sheetoshnasthiti, chainaa
nundi 18° |
Uttar akshaamsam 54° nundi, 73° turupu rekhaamsamlo Pali 135° thuurpuna yelow sea. toorpuchainaa sea saravantamaina maidaanaalatoo nindi jasaandhrata adhikanga kaligi Pali, utharamlo mangolian maidanam pachikabayallatho pachagaa umtumdi. dakshinachainaa parvathapraantham. dhiguva parvatavali atyadhikamgaa umtumdi, madya turupu prantham chainaalooni yellonadeemaidaanam. yangtje aney remdu nadeemaidaanaala madyauntundi, adanamga chainalo xi. mccong, brahmputra, amoor nadulu pravahistunnaayi, pashchimamloo. himalya parvatasreni umtumdi
Uttar chainalo taklamakan adaari. gobi adaari unnayi, chainaa nepaul sarihaddulo prapanchamloo ettaina sikharamgaa gurtinchabadutunna everest shikaram. samudramattaaniki (mee 8,848 Pali) chainaalooni athantha dhiguva praantamlooni turpan depression. loo unna aiding sarasusamudramattaaniki (mee diguvana Pali -15 prampanchamlo athantha diguvana unna praantaalaloo mudava sthaanamloo undani gurtinchabadutundi) chainaa vaataavaranaanni.
drai seeson wet mamsoon adikyata chesthundu, adi sheetaakaalam. veasavi kaalam madya vyatyaasam adhikarinchadaaniki kaaranam authundi, eguva nundi sheethaakaalamlo Uttar pavanaalu challani. podigaalulu veedtuntaayi, veysavilo dakshinha samudrathiram nundi vecchani temagaalululu veestuntaayi. chainaa vaataavaranam okkoka prantaaniki okkola vouvidhyamgaa umtumdi. vaividhyamyna bhaugoollika sthiti induku pradhaanajaaranamgaa Pali. chainalo paryavarana vivaadaalaloo edaarula vistarana okati. gobi adaari sthiti indhulo pradhaanamainadi. nundi isukatufaanula vaegaanni tagginchadaaniki chetlavarusalanu penchadaaniki prayatnalu jarugutunnai.
1970 Uttar chainalo vasantakaalamloe asean dhoolithuphaanula kaaranamgaa nirantara caruvu. vyavasaayasanasyalu edhurouthuune unnayi, dhoolithuphaanulu chinalone kaaka poruguna unna koriyaa. jjapan, lalo kudaa vyaapistuu untaichainaa paryavarana samshtha. septembaru nivedikalo dhoolithuphaanula kaaranamgaa chainaa salina 2007 ekaraalanu nashtapotunnadani theliyajesindhi 4,000 chainato itaradeshaala sambandhaaniki neeti nanyatha. bhu uchakoeta, janasankhyaabhivruddhi niyanthrana modalainavi, praadhaanyata kaligina vishayaluga unnayi himalayalaloni glassierlu karagadam valana labhistunna vistaaramaina jalam kotladiprajalu jeevinchadaaniki aadhaaramga Pali. jiivavaividhyam.
atyadhikamgaa vaividhyam kaligina
deeshalaloo chainaa okati 17 paryavarana., praadhaanyata kaligina pradeesamloo undadam indomalaya, palearctic praanthamlo undadam induku ooka kaaranam, chainalo. jatula janthuvulu 34,687 vascular mokkalu chainanu prapanchadesaalalo biodiversity kaligina deeshalaloo moodavasthaanamlo nilipindi, modati remdu sthaanaalaloo brajil. columbia deshalu unnayi, juun. 1992 na chainaa 11 reo d generio " loo jargina "comvention aan biodiversity medha santhakam chessi " janavari 1993 na samaveshamlo bhaagaswaamyam vahinchimdi 5septembaru. 2010 na jargina samavesam taruvaata chainaa 10biodiversity ekshan plan " tayaaruchesindi " chainalo.
jatula ksheeradaalu unnayi 551 ksheeradaala sankhyalo chainaa antarjaateeyamgaa moodavasthaanamlo Pali. jatula pakshulu unnayi. 1221 pakshijaatulatoe chainaa antarjaateeyamgaa chainanu enimidava sthaanamloo Pali. sareesrupaalato. 424 jatula ubhayacharaalatho, 333 chainaa antarjaateeyamgaa yedava sthaanamloo Pali jiivavaividhyam adhikanga unna chainalo homosapian. jaatiki chendina girijanulu atyadhikasankhyalo unnare chainalo unna janthuvuloo. jaathulu antarinchipotunna jantuvula jaabitaalo unnayi 840 human nivasala avsaram. kaalushyam, ahaarapadaardhaalanu, adhikanga pandinchavalasina avsaram aushadhaala moolikala upyogam, jantuvula vunni upyogam kaaranamgaa jatuvulu atarinchipotunna sthithiki cherukunnai, antarinchipeetunna janthuvulu.
nundi chattabaddhamga samrakshinchabadutunnaay 2005 desamlo. abhayaaranyaalu unnayi 2,349 viiti motham vaishaalyam. mallan hectarulu umtumdi 149.95 idi chainaa vaisaalyamlo. umtumdi 15% chainaa.
vaskular mokkalu 32,000 anek adivi jaativrukshaalu unnayi, Uttar bhuubhaagamloe colled coniferous chetlu adhikanga unnayi. ivi duppi. asean yelugu, pakshijaatulaku aadhaaramga unnayi, 120 diguvana unna moister conifer aranyalalo dattamaina vedurupodalu unnayi.. eguvana jooneepar. taxus unnayi, ikda unna veduru podala sthaanaanni rhododendron chetlu akraminchayi. dakshinha. madya chainalo vupa ushnamandala jaati chetlu adhikanga unnayi, ikda. jatula chetlu unnayi 1,46,000 yunnan. hainan dveepaalalo ushnamandala, seasonal varshaaranyaalu unnayi, ikda chainaalooni janthuvulu. vrukshaalalo naaguvavantu unnayi, chainalo.
jatula silindhraalu 10,000 jatula haighar phangee namoodhu cheyabaddaayi, 6,000 paryavarana ansaalu.
sameepakaalamlo chainaa paryavarana vivadhalanu edurkontunnadi
paryavarana kramabaddheekarana kaaryakramaalu chepattabaddayi.
1979 p |
aryavarana parirakshanaku avasaramaina chattaalu ruupomdimchabaddaayi. kathinamaina chattaalu amalucheyadamlo alasatvam erpadindi. chattaalanu praantiiyaprajalu. prabhutva adhikaarulu gouravinchaledu, vaegavanthamaina aardhikaabhivruddhi induku kaaranam. nagara vayukalushyam anaaroogya samasyalaku kaaranam authundi. prapanchabyaanku anchanaalanu anusarinchi chainalo athyadhika janasaandhrata kaligina. 2013 nagaraalu unnayani bhavistunaaru 20 prapanchadesaalalo chainaa atyadhikamgaa carbandayacksaid veluvaristunna deshamgaa bhavistunaaru. deeshaaniki jalasambandhita samasyalu kudaa unnayi. millionla grameena prajalaku surakshita traaguneeru andadam ledani anchana. 298 alaage chainaa nadhulaloo.
parisramala nundi veluvadutunna vyardhalu vyavasaya vyardhaala kaaranamgaa kalushitamoutunnaayani 40% ganankaalu vivaristunnaayi 2011 kaalushyasamasyala kaaranamgaa eesaanyachainaa prajalu neeti koratanu edurkontunnaru. chainaa. renewable energy commertialisation " punarutpaadaka sakta vyaapaareekarana " (koraku atyadhikamgaa pettubadi chosen deshamgaa gurtinchabadutundi) loo chainaa imdu koraku. 2011biliyanla americadaalarlanu pettubadi chesindi 52 chainaa renewable energy teknolgy atyadhikamgaa utpatthi chesthundu. praamtiya renewable energy pranalikala koraku atyadhikamgaa vyayamchaestuu Pali. natiki chainaa kharchuchestunna vidyuttulo. 2009 renewable energy dwara labhinchindani bhavistunaaru 17% jalavidyuttu pranalikala nundi chainaa. gigabaitla vidyuttu utpatthi cheyabadutundani anchana 197 loo chainaa prabhuthvam. 2011biliyanla America dollars vaatar infrastracture 618.55 disolination pranaalika koraku manjuru chesindi, natiki varada nivaarana nirmaanaalu pania cheesukuni karuvunu nivaarinchagakamani prabhuthvam bhaawistundi. 2020 loo chainaa.
2013biliyanla amarican dollars vyayamtho panchavarsha pranaalika praarambhinchindi 277 idi pratyekamgaa uttarachaina. abhivruddhi koraku krushichestundani anchana rajakiyalu.
prampanchamlo bahiranganga soshalijaanni balaparustunna deeshalaloo peeples republik af chainaa okati
chinas prabhutvavidhaanam vaividhyamyna communistu.
socialistu vidhanaanni anusaristunnatlu varninchabadutundi conei chainaa niyantrutva. samsthaagata sammisrita palana vidhaanam anusaristhundhi, anek kattubaatla madya internet. internet semsar cheyadampatla vyatiraekata Pali (pathrikaa swatantrayam), assembli swatantrayam, pillalanu pondhee swatamtram, phri formation af social aarganyjeshan, mataswatantryam prajalaku andubatulo unnayi chainaa pratuta rajakeeya, aardika vidhanalanu vaari naayakulachaeta, peeples demokratik dictater " shipsoshalizam vith chinas carectoristics", soeshalist maarket ekanamigaa maarchabadavacchani bhavistunaaru, communistu parti.
chainaa desam communistu paartiicheeta paalinchabadutundi
peeples republik ennikalu vaarasatvavidhaanamlo nirvahimchabadutunnaayi. lokal peeples congresses neerugaa ennukonabadutundi. af chainalo unnanatha sthaayiloo unna. peeples congresses naeshanal peeples congresses sabhyulanu krindasthaayi sabhyuluga peeples congresses chetha parokshamgaa ennukontaaru, rajakeeya vidhaanam vikeendreekaranha. praamtiya upaprantiya naayakulu gananiyamaina swayampratipatti kaligi untaruu, naeshanal peeples congresses. chinas peeples politakal paarteelaku chendina, peeples republik af chainaalooni rajakeeya pakshaalu ( demokratik partyluga bhaavinchabadutunnaayi) loo beijing.
1970loo nirvahinchabadina naeshanal peeples congresses samavesalu muusina thalupula venuka nirvahinchabaddaayichainaa swatantramgaa vyavaharinchadam arambham ayina taruvaata rajakeeya vaataavaranamlo kattudittaalu sadalinchina kaaranamgaa naeshanal peeples congresses kontha swatantramgaa vyavaharinchadam modaliendi. chainaa leninist vidhaanaalu kaligina. demokratik centralism " anusarinchindi " ayinappatikee ennikaina naeshanal congresses sabhyulanu. rabbar stump " naamamaathrapu adhikaralu kaliginadi " (gaane bhavistunaaru)!ekaparti deshamgaa communistu parti genaral sekrataree amtima nirnayadhikaram kaligi vuntadu. marchi maasamloo. millionla sabhyulunna communistu parti sekrataree jiping 82 athantha saktivantamaina adhyakshapadavini who jinto nundi chepattaadu-59 prabhuthvam.
peeples republik parti adhyakshadu deeshaaniki naamamaathrapu adhyakshata vahisthaadu
naeshanal peeples congresses aadhvaryamloo ceremonial karyakramalalo palgonadam modalaina alankaarapraayamaina vidhinirvahanaa baadhyatalu nirvahisthadu. afhyakshuni kaaryaalayam pratishtaatmakamainadi. adhyakshudu deeshaaniki naayakatvam vahisthaadu. nundi peeples republik af chainaa adhyakshuni adhikaaram. 1982 vidhulanu punahsthaapitam chessi aayananu desaadhipatigaa gurtinchindi, ayinappatikee adhyakshudu amarican adhyakshuni vento adhikaralu kaligi vumdaka alankaarapraayamaina adhikaralu kaligi vuntadu. chainaa adhyakshuni bharatadesa adhyakshudu. uunited kingdam raju leka raanito polchavacchu, peeples republik af chainaa premiyer prabhuthvaaniki naayakatvam vahisthaadu.}} naluguru sahaya premiyarlatho. state counsil af dhi peeples republik af chainaa manthrulu, kamishanla medha aadhipathyam vahisthaadu, communistu parti genaral sekrataree. central milataree commisison chariman xi zim |
ping tananu sarvottama naayakunigaa chesukunadu, premiyer lee kekwiung. sea (p.sea polit beuro standing committe seniior sabhyudu.unnanatha nirnayadhikaram kaligi vuntadu) rajakeeya swaatantryaaniki konni caryalu teesukonabaddaayi.
bahiranga ennikalu gaamam. nagara sthaayiloo nirvahimchabadutunnaayi, Hansi emana parti prabhutva niyaamakaalalo saktivantamaina niyantranaadhikaaram kaligi untaruu. ayinappatikee prabhuthvaaniki. desanirvahanaku prajalu madduthugaa nilicharu, ganankalanu anusarinchi. 2011 prajalu prabhutvapaalana patla santrupthi vyaktamchaesaaru 85%-95% paripalana vibhagalu.
peeples republik af chainaa
praantaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi 22 adanamga tiwan prantham. cherchabadindi tiwan praantaanni peeples republik af chainaa. praantamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi 23 ayinappatikee tiwan prantham medha republik af chainaa aadhipathyam kaligi undadam vivaadhaaspadhamgaa Pali. chainalo swayampratipatti kaligina upavibhaagaalu unnayi. upavibhaagaalu alpasankhyaaka samuhalaku pratyekinchabaddaayi. indhulo. munisipaalitiila aadheenamlo 4 pratyeka nirvahanaapraantaalu, viiti rajakeeya swayampratipatti Pali (unnayi) yea. pranthalu 22 munisipaalitiilu, 4 swayampratipatti kaligina pranthalu pradhaana chainaa bhoobhagamgaa pariganhinchabadutunnaayi, 5 haamg qang. makayu pranthalu induku ateetangaa unnayi, p. orr.sea niyantranalo unna praantaalanu orr.o.sea prabhuthvam chetha gurtinchabadaledu.videsi vidhaanam.
p
aari.sea.deshaalatho doutyasambandhaalanu kaligi Pali 171 peeples republik af chainaa dautyakaryalaya jaabithaa. embassies in 162|deeshalaloo chainaku doutyakaaryaalayaalu unnayi. 162 dautyakaaryaalayaala chattabaddhatanu republik af chainaa.
konni itara deeshalaloo vivaadaadpadamgaa Pali, parimitamaina gurthimpu kaligina athipedda. jasaandhrata kaligina deshamgaa chainaa bhaavinchabadutundi, loo ikyarajya samithi sabhyatvaaniki orr.1971p.sea sthaanamloo p.orr.sea niyaminchabadindi.prasthutham. aikyaraajyasamiti saasvatasabhyatvam kaligina. deshalalo chainaa okati 5 gatamlo chainaa aleena dheshaalaku chainaa sabhyatvam kaligi naayakatvam vahinchimdi. chainaa ippatikee tananu abhivruddhichendutunna dheshaalaku nyayavadiga bhaawistundi. brajil.rashyaa,bhaaratadaesam,dakshinaafrikaato chainaa b, orr.sea.yess sabhyatvam kaligi Pali.na yea deshalu antarjaateeya pradhaana aardhikasaktigaa edugutunnayi. b. 2011 orr.sea.yess samaaveeshaalaku.chainaa loni sanya (hainan, loo jarigaaychainaa aatidhyam icchindi) vass. chainaa- polici vidhanam anusarinchi tiwan medha chainaa aadhipatyanni angeekarinchaalani sharatuvidhistuu chainaa itaradaesaalatoe doutyasambhadhaalanu abhivruddhichestuu republik af chainato adhikaara sambandhaalu kaligi umtumdi- tiwan. thoo itaradaesaalu douthyasambandhaala vishyamai prayathninchina palu sandarbhaalalo chainaa tiwan medha thamakunna aadhipatyanni prakatistuunee Palipratyekamgaa ayudhala vikrayaala vishayaalallo chainaa idi spashtam chesthundu. pratuta chainaa vidhaanaalu jhou enlai ruupomdimchina.
faive polusies af peaceful koo existens " aadhaaritam " harmoni vitout uniformity, " saiddhaantika vibhedaalunna deshaalatho doutyasambandhaalu " (vidhaanam anusarinchi untai) yea vidhaanam chainanu paschuma deshalu apayakara dheshaalani bhavistunna zimbave.
Uttar koriyaa, iranian vento dheshaalaku maddatu telapadaaniki avaksam kalpisthundhi, chainaa rashyaatho sannihitha aardika. seinika sambandhaalu kaligi Pali, yu. ene sekyuuritii counsil vooting samayamlo remdu deshalu yekikrita abhiprayalu velibucchutuu untai.vaanijyasambandhaalu.
sameepa dasaabdhaalalo chainaa
phri trade are " lanu abhivruddhicheyadam " poruguna unna aasiyaadesaalato rakshana oppandaalu kudurchukovadamlo pradhaanapaatra vahinchimdi, loo. 2004modati
eest asiya summit " pratipaadana chesindi " yea. e.yess.loo asean plous tree.india austrelia, newzilaand unnayi, yea. e.yess praarambha samavesam.loo nirvahimchabadimdi 2005chainaa rashyaa. madya asiya ripablikkulato kalisi shanghai corparetion aarganyjeshan, ku nidhini samakuurustundidecemberu. 2001 nundi chainaa 1 world trade aarganyjeshan " loo sabhyatvam kaligi Pali "loo uunited stetes congresses chainato.2000permanent normal trade relatioms " saswata sadarana vaanijya sambandhaalaku " (itara dheshaalaku chainaa adae viluvatho (vastuvulanu egumati chese sunkaalato kalpinchadam
angeekaaram telipindi) chainaa atyadhikamgaa vasthuvula adhikanga uunited stetes.
egumati chesthundu loo yu. 2010yess.raajakeeyavettalu chainaa yuan takuva viluvainadani adi chainaku vaanijya avaksam adhikanga istundani vaadinchindi. sameepa kaalamlo chainaa.
african deshaalatho vaanijyam " paspara sahakaaram, vidhaanam anusaristhundhi " loo sino.
2012african trade motham viluva- biliyanla amarican dollars 160 chainaa adanamga pradhaana dakshinha amarican deshaalatho aardika sanbandhaalanu kaligi Pali.
braziltho athipedda. vaanijya b |
hagaswamiga untu argentinatho vyuuhaathmaka sanbandhaalanu kaligi Pali
sarihaddu vivaadaalu.
adanamga tiwan vivaadamtoe chainaa itara antarjaateeya bhuubhaaga vivaadaalu kaligi Pali
nundi chainaa. 1990 bhartiya chainaa sarihaddu vivaadham, nirnayinchabadani bhootan sarihaddu parishkaaraala koraku prayatnistundi, chainaa turupu. dakshinha chainaa loni scarboro shoyal, senkaku dveepaala vivaadham vento palu vivadhalanu edurkontu Pali, mee.
2014 na adhyakshudu xi shanghai samaveshamlo maatlaadutuu chainaa bhuubhaaga vivaadaalu saantivantamgaa parishkarinchaalani suuchimchaadu 21kaboye suupar pvr.
chainaa kramamga saktivantamaina suupar pvr
gaaprasamsinchabaditundivimarsakulu chainaa vaegavanthamaina aardhikaabhivruddhi. abhivruddhi chendutunna seinika sakta, athantha adhikamaina jansankhya, abhivruddhi chendutunna antarjaateeya praamukhyata gamanistuu unnare, va sataabdhamlo chainaa antarjaateeyamgaa pradhaanyatha santarinchukundi. 21Bundi aardhikalopam.
janasankhyaabhivruddhi kaaranamgaa chainaa sataabdha aabhivruddhi kuntubadagaladani bhavistunaaru, kondaru suupar pvr.
ku vivarana adugutunaruchainaa bruhattara aardhikam kaaranamgaa suupar pvr arhata pondaledani bhavistunaaru. chainaa seinika. samskruthika prabhaavamlo uunited stetes, nu adhigaminchaledani bhavistunaarusaamaajika rajakeeya ansaalu.
human hakkulu, samskaranha, chainaa demokratik vudyamam sanghika kaaryakartalu
kontamandi communistu sabyulu sanghika, rajakeeya samskaranala avasaraanni gurtincharu, nundi aardika. 1970 sanghika kattubaatlu gananeeyamgaa sadalinchabaddaayi, rajakeeya swatantrayam ippatikee. patishthingaa parimitam cheyabadi Pali chainaa raajyaamga nirmaanamlo vaaksvaatantryam. pathrikaa swatantrayam, pourahakkulu, nyaayavichaarana, mataswatantryam, antarjaateeya samasyalu, aasti hakkulu ruupomdimchabaddaayi, ayinappatikee ivi saadharanamga nyaayavichaarana samayamlo prajalaku rakshana kalpinchadamlo viphalam authoo unnayi. chainaa prabhutva vidhaanaalu. chainaa communistu parti paalana sahinchadam vishayamlo vimarsalu unnayi, rajakeeya upanyaasaalu. Datia medha nigha, antarjaalam medha nigha vishayaalallo vimarsalu unnayi.
mookummadi pradharshanalu. saadharanamga addaginchabadutuntaayi loo.
2005reporters without borders " nivedikalo chainaa " va 159motham deshaladankhya (sthaanamloo Pali 167) idi patrikaaswaattram sthithini theliyajesthundhi. loo.
2014motham deeshalaloo chainaa 180 va sthaanamloo Pali 175chainaa nagaralaku grameena valasaprajalu dviteeyasthaayi powruluga pariganinchabadutunnaarana vaariloo varu bhavistunaaru. dhesheeya vel fare vidhaanam ayina huku vidhaanam variki anukuulamgaa lekapovadam induku kaaranam.,
aasti hakkulu kudaa tarachugaa paelavamgaa samrakshinchabadutuntaayi. alaage pannu vidhaanam bida pourulanu baadhistuu Pali.
taruvaata palu.2000 grameena pannulu tagginchabadadam radducheyabadadam jargindi, antekaka grameena prajalaku adanapu sevalu andinchabadutunnaayi. palu videsheeprabhutvaalu.
videsi pathrikaa agemseelu, ene, z.olu.tarachugaa chainaa maanavahakkula vullanghana atikramana girinchi vimarsistunnaaru vichaarana lekunda addaginchadam. balavantapu garbhasraavam vento pourahakkula vullanghana, balavantapu angikaram pourahakkula kattubaatlu, himsa, maranashiksha vantivi kudaa vimarsinchabadutuu unnayi, prajabhipraya prakatanalanu.
tainanmen protest (1989 vivaranhalanu anichiveta muulangaa sanghika asthirataku daariteestundi), fallon gang bahiranganga neerpinchabadindi.1992 deeniki. millionla abhyaasakulu unnare 70fallon gang medha nishaedham amaluchesina samayamlo mookummadi khaidu.
cherasaala maranalu, nirbhandha nyaayavichaarana, himsa vento durghatanalu chotuchesukunnayi, chainaa rajyangam teebet. xingiang lalo nirvahimchina bruhattara mookummadi anichiveta, pourahakkula dhikkaram, plays daurjanyam, mathaparamaina anachiveta vimarsalaku kaaranam ayindhi, chinas prabhuthvam videseevimarsalaku pratispandistuu umtumdi. upaadhi saukaryam. aardhikaabhivruddhi itara vidhalaina aardhikaabhivruddhiki avasaramani chainaa videseevimarsalaku samadhanam isthu Pali, itara vidhalaina pourahakkulu pratuta aardhikaabhivruddhiki daariteesindani chainaa abhipraayapadutundi. nundi chainiyula jeevanasthaayi abhivruddhi. 1970 aksharaasyataabhivruddhi, prajala aayahpramaanam adhikam kaavadam thama anusaristunna vidhaanaalaku kaligina satphalitam annadhi chainaa Bodh, alaage varey spaces rakshanaabhivruddhi. nirantara beebhatsaaniki kaaranam autunna young, (tje nadi varadhaluprakruthi vaipariotyaalato poraatam vijayavantamga saagutunnaayi) kontamandi raajakeeyavaadulu prajaasvaamyaaniki bahiranganga maddatu teliyajestunnaru.
milina naayakulu sampradaayavaadaanni samardhistuu unnare. konni pradhaana samskaranha prayatnalu prarambham ayyaayi.
2013 prabhuthvam oche. bidda vidhaanam- atyadhikamgaa vim |
arsalaku avaksam kaliginchina, reee ejukeshan throu laber " proograam sadalinchindi " ayinappatikee maanavahakkula vaadulu samskaranhalu alankaarapraayamainavani gamanincharu. pramrambhamlo chainaa prabhuthvam ene. 2000, 2010 z.vola samasyalaku parishkaaram suuchimchimdi.sainyamtho.
mallan kreyaaseela senalatho peeples libeeration armi
2.3 p (emle.Una.naayakatvamlo prapanchamloo athipedda nilabadi seinika shakthigaa nilichimdi) peeples republik af chainaa sienyaanni central milliatary commisison. chainaa peeples republik (cmc) (niyantristundhi) p.
emle.elo peeples libeeration armi grounded fores.p (emle.Una.z.epf.peeples libeeration armi neevee), em (Una.p.peeples libeeration armi air fores), p (emle.Una.Una.epf.kshipani vyuuhaathmaka anusakti kshiphani ), rendava artilary corps, chainaa (modalaina vibhagalanu kaligi Pali) chinas prabhutva ganankalanu anusarinchi. chainaa 2014 seinika budgett vyayam prapanchamloo rendo athipedda seinika budgett gaaa gurtinchabadutundisamyukta chainaa seinika budgett. 2014 biliyanla amarican daalarlaku chaerukumdi 132 ayithe.
anek adhikarika vargalu, yess - ai.p.orr.yu., yess.rakshana kaaryaalaya kaaryadarsi. sahaa chainaa adhikarika budgett kante vyayamchesedi adhikanga untundani vaadhisthunnaaru - gurtinchabadina anvaayudhaalu kaligiyunna deshamgaa chainaa praatiiya seinika sakta. saktivantamaina seinika sakta kaligina deshamgaa gurtinchabadutundi, nivedikalanu anusarinchi yu. 2013 yess.depertment af defense. chainalo ", anvayudhaalu 50-75 asankhyaakamgaa shortt, ranje- ballistic missiles unnayani bhavistunaaru- yu. ene sekyuuritii counsil saasvatasabhyatvam kaligi unna itara nalaugu deshaalatho polchithe chainaa sainikasakti saamardhyaalu parimitamainavani bhavistunaaru.chainaa air cropht karier leoning. nundi sevalu andinchadam modhal pettimdi 2012 chainalo gananiyamaina submerinlu. jalaantargaamulu (unnayi) veetilo.
anhu jalaamtargaami anhu daadi jalaamtargaami, balistic kshipani jalaamtargaami unnayi, chainaa adanamga samudrathiram venta unna deshaalatho seinika sanbandhaalanu kaligi Pali.
edvala dasabdallo chainaa.
tana vaimaaniki dalaanni aadhuneekarana cheyadamlo gananiyamaina pragathi saadhinchindi vento rashyan nundi sukhoy su. fighter jetlu konugolu cheeyadam -30 alaage tana swantha adhunika yuddha vimaanaalatayaarii vento pragathini saadhinchindi, chainalo pradhaanamgaa. chengdu j chengdu j-10, shanyang j-20, shanyang j-11, j-15, shanyang j-16, modalaina yuddavimaanaalanu tayaaruchestundi-31 chainaa adanamga maanavarahita yuddha vaayuvaahanaalu. desheeyamaina stealth vimanam enka anek abhivruddhi panlu cheyadamlonimagnamai Pali, praamtiya bedirimpulanu edurkonadaniki air. sea denial aayudhaalanu abhivruddhi cheyadanki prayatnistundi, chainaa padaatidalaalanu adhineekarana chesindi. soveit union oddha konugoluchesina kaalaavati chendina main baatil taank. lanu marchindhitaaip. tyaankulu rupakalpana cheeyadam 99 sea, sea3, yuddhabhoomulanu abhivruddhichesindi4 adanamga chainaa asankhyaakamgaa adhunika messile.
chinas anty 2007 satellite messile - crucy missiles anvaayudhaalu kaligina jalaamtargaami, kaligi Pali stoke homem internationale pease reesearch institute deetaa anusarinchi chainaa.
madya aayudhaalanu vikrayistunna deeshalaloo antarjaateeyamgaa mudava sthaanamloo Pali 2010-2014 nundi ayudhala vikrayamlo chainaa.2005-2009 abhivruddhi saadhinchindi 143% aardhikam.
natiki
2014 chainaa antarjaateeya dravya niddhi nivedikalanu anusarinchi chainaa, nominal z di.p sumaarugaa.trillianla amarican dollars 10,380 internationale manitary funded. " nivedikalanu anusarinchi nominal z " di.p.paranga chainaa prapanchamloo rendo athipedda aardika vyavasthanu kaligivundi konugolu sakta tulyata.
p (p.p.parigananaloki tiskunte) chainaa yokka aardika vyvasta prapanchamloo athi peddadiga bhavistunaaru, loo chainaa konugolu sakta z. 2014di.p.p. (p.p.z. di.p.trillian.) 17,617 amarican dollars loo.
2013 chainaa talasari konugolu sakta z di.p.p (p.p.z. di.p.amarican dollars). 12.880 talasari namamatra z. di.p.amarican dollars Pali. 7.589 remdu sandarbhaalu talasari prapancha gdp rankings saatam paranga chainaa. ai (em.epf.jaabitaalo. deeshalaloo 183 venuka) abhivruddhi chendutuu unna enabhai deshalu unnayi aardhika charithra.
abhivruddhi, varku peeples republik af chainaa soveit union style kendra pranaalikaabaddha aardhikavyavastha vidhaanam anusarinchindi
1949 - 1949 loo maavo maranhinchina taruvaata. 1976samskruthika viplavam mugimpuku vacchina falithamgaa chainalo deng xiopioping
sarikotha chainaa naayakatvam arambham ayindhi, taruvaata chainalo on. parti paalanaloe aardika samskaranhalu- maarket oriyanted mixed ekaanami chepattabaddayi, sanghatitha vyavasaayam sthaanamloo vyavasaya kshethraalu abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. videsheevaanijyaaniki kotthaga praadhaanyata ivv |
abadadam valana pratyeka ekanaamik jones. sez (srushtinchabaddaayi) balaheenamaina prabhutva. carporatioms- yess (o.sea.punarnirminchabaddaa) nashtaalalo unna samshthalu moosiveyabaddaayi. falithamgaa mookummadigaa udyogaalu raddayyayi. aadhunikachainaalo privete yaajamaanyam. maarket aadhaaritha aardhikam abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi, adhunika chainaa copitalismlo penu marpulu sambhavinchaayi.
chainaa prabhuthvam ippatikee vyuuhaathmaka vidyuttu utpatthi bruhattara parisramala nirvahanha swayangaa chesthundu. alaage privete samshthalaku kudaa adhikanga praamukhyata ivvabadindi. loo. 2008millionla privete vyaparalu namoducheyabaddayi 30 nundi chainalo aardika swaatamryam arambham ayindhi.
1978 chainaa prapanchamloo ativegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna aardhikavyavasthalalo okatiga gurtinchabadutundi. chainaa taruvaata pettubadi.
egumati pradhaanyatha kaligina abhivruddhi disaloo payaninchadam aarambhinchindi- ai. em.epf.nivedhikalu anusarinchi. madya chainaa varshika z 2001 -2010 di.p.abhivruddhi. chainaa aardhikaabhivruddhi z 10.5%. 2007-2011 deshaalanninti aardhikaabhivruddhiki-7 samaanamgaa Pali z. nivedhikalu anusarinchi-3 phibravarilo citigroupe chainaa z 2011 groupe abhivruddhi saatamlo chainaa unnanatha sthaanamloo undani prakatinchindhi-3 adhikamaina utpatthi.
takkuvaina sraamika vaetanaalu, manchi moulikasadupaayaalu chainanu utpattilo antarjaateeya aadhipathyam kaligina deshamgaa nilipindi, loo chainaa prapanchamloo atyadhikamgaa vidyuttunu upayogistunna deshamgaa gutinchabadindi.
2010boggu aadhaaritha vidyudutpatti.
vidyuttu avasaralanu teerustundi 70% loo chainaa chamuru digumatilo yu. 2013yess.nu adhigaminchindiloo chainaa aardhikaabhivruddhi saatam ksheeninchadam arambham ayindhi.
2010dhesheeya runasambandhita samasyalu antarjaateeya avasaraalaku thaginantha chainaa egumatulanu balaheenaparustundi. chainaa yea.
commerce parisrama eeyu - yu, yess kante chaaala nidhaanamgaa abhivruddhi chendutuu Pali.nundi. 2009 indhulo gananiyamaina marpulu sambhavinchaayi
credit suisse nivedikalanu anusarinchi aan. Jalor badeeleela motham viluvanundi gananeeyamgaa abhivruddhi chendinatlu telustundhi 2008 loo. 2008 trillionlugaa unna dhana badileelu 3 natiki 2012 biliyanla amarican daalarlaku chaerukumdi 660 chainaa aan. lai chellimpula maarketnu ali peeten play, chainaa union play samshthalu adhigaminchaayi, prapancha aardika vyavasthaloo chainaa.
chainaa
world trade aarganyjeshan " sabhyatvam " prapanchapu athipedda vyaapaarasakti kaligi Pali, chainaa antarjaateeya vyaapaaram motham viluva. 2012 trillionlu 3.87 loo chainaa videseemaarakam viluva.
2010trillianla amarican dollars 2.85 munupati savatsaram kante idi. adhikam 18.7% loo chainaa videseepettubadulalo adhikanga pettabadina deeshalaloo chainaa pradhamasthaanamlo Pali.
2012chainalo videsi pettubadi viluva. biliyanla amarican dollars 253 chainaa videsalalo kudaa pettubadi chesthundu.
loo chainaa videsalalo. 2012biliyanla pettubadi chesindi 62.4 alaage chainaa palu videseesamsthalanu konugoluchesindi. loo chainaa.
2009trillianla yu 1.6 yess sherlanu kaligi undani anchana.yu. yess piblic debt adhikanga pondina deeshalaloo chainaa modati sthaanamloo Pali.chainaa oddha unna yu.
yess.treshery bandla viluva. trillian amarican dollars 1.6 chainaa. exchanges patanam itara pradhaana aardhikavyavastha medha prabavam chuuputundi adhika motthamloo vastutpatticheyadam vimarsalaku guroutundi. loo chainalo mckimsi samshtha motham rrunam. 2007trillianla amarican dollars 7.4 loo, 2014trillianla amarican dollars 28.2 idi chainaa z. di.p kante.adhikam 228% z. deeshaala motham z-20 di.p kante.adhikam 1% chainaa global competitive indices.
loova sthaanamloo Pali 29indices af ekanaamik." deeshaala jaabitaalo chainaa " 179 va sthaanamloo Pali 136loo prapancha largest carporatioms.
2014fortuems global " jaabitaalo 500 " chainaa samshthalu unnayi 95 indhulo yu. yess kuutami aadaayam.trillianla amarican dollars 5.8 adae savatsaram forbs nivedikalo prapanchamlooni.
bruhattara samsthalalo 10 chainaadaesaaniki chendinavi 5 indhulo industrial. commersial Banki af chainaa okati, tharagathi.
aadaaya samaanatalu, natiki chainalo madyataragati prajalu
2012 amarican dollars varshika aadaayam pondevar (10,000 - 60,000 millionlu unnare) 300 hurun nivedika anusarinchi amarican dollars bilianeerlu.
loo 2009mandhi undaga 130 natiki yea sanka 2012 ki chaerukumdi 251idi chainanu billianeerla sankhyaaparamgaa chainaa prapanchamloo rendava sthaanamloo Pali. loo chainaa dhesheeya retail maarket viluva. 2012trillianla yuanlu Pali 20 ganankalanu anusarinchi dhesheeya retail maarket viluva.
2013 abhivruddhichendindi 12% dhesheeya vilaasa vasth |
uvula maarket viluva vistaaramgaa global shere.
looPali 27.5% sameepakaalamlo chainaa vaegavanthamaina aardhikaabhivruddhi desamlo dhanaabhaavaaniki daariteestuu.
prabhuthvam choravatheesukuni kramabaddheekarana cheyadanki dhaaritheesindhi.
chainalo aardika asamaanatalu atyadhikamgaa unnayi.
adi gta konni samvatsaraalugaa marinta abhivruddhi chendhindhi.
loo chainaa gini coyephiciunt. 2012chainaa dhravyam vidhaanam antarjaateeyam 0.474.
loo antarjaateeyamgaa sambhavimchina aardhikasankshobham taruvaata chainaa thaamu american daalar medha aadhaarapadina wasn
2008antarjaateeya dravyavidhaanam loni balahinatalu grahinchindi, loo chainaa dim sam baandulanu pravesapettina taruvaata orr.
2009em.b.antarjaateeyam cheeyadam vaegavantham cheyabadadame kaaka sarihaaddulanu daati maarket vistarunchabadindi. orr. em.b pilat projekt dwara parishkaaram suuchimchina taruvaata orr.em.b liquidity pools stapinchadaniki margam suluvaindi.navambaruloe rashyaa chainato unna dwaipaakshika vaanijyamlo chainaa dravyaanni upayoginchadam aarambhinchindi.
2010 taruvaata dheenini jjapan.
austrelia,
simgapuur, uunited kingdam, kenadaalu,, anusarinchayi chainaa dravyaanni antarjaateeyam chosen kaaranamgaa.
natiki prapanchapu dravya vaanijyamlo chainaa 2013 va sdhaanaaniki chaerukumdi 8shaastriiyam.
sanketikam, chaaritrikam
meng rajavamsam varku chainaa science und technologylo prapanchaniki naayakatvam vahinchimdi
kaagitam thayaarii. turupu aasiyaalo mudrana, dhiksoochi, thupaakimandu, nalaugu goppa nuuthana aavishkaramnalalo okati (vento prachina chinas puraathana aavishkaranhalu taruvaata asiya) airopaalo bagaa praacuryam pondaayi, chinas ganita shaasthrajnulu mottamodataga pratikula sankhyalu upayoginchaaru. ayinappatikee. va sathabdam natiki paaschaatya prapanchadesaalu shaastreeya 17 saankethika abhivruddhilo chainanu adhigaminchaayi, yea greeat divergence kaaranaala vishayamlo nirantharam charchaloo konasaagutunnaayi. va sataabdhamlo paschima deeshalaloo. 19 jargina yudhalaloo apajayalu punaraavrutam ayina taruvaata chainaa samskartalu sveeya sanghatitha shakthini abhivruddhichese vudyamamloo bhaagamgaa adhunika shaastreeya saankethika, abhivruddhiki makhyatvam icchaaru kamyuunistulu. loo adhikaaramlooki vacchina tarwata shaastreeya 1949 saanketikaabhivruddhi prayatnaalaku, soveit union vidhaanaalu aadhaaramga konasagincharu
shaastreeya parisoedhanalu kendram pranalikala aadhaaramga nirvahimchabadutunnaayi. loo maavo maranaanantaram shaastreeya. 1976 saankethika parisoedhanalu nalaugu aadhuneekaranalalo okatiga cherchabaddaayi, antekaka. soveit preritha vidyaa vyvasta kramamga sarididdabadindi-adhunika yugam.
samskruthika viplavam muginpu taruvaata chainaa shaastreeya parisodhanala koraku gananiyamaina pettubadi chesindi
loo chainaa shaastreeya parisoedhanalu.
2012abhivruddhi koraku, biliyanlu vyayam chesindi 163 shaastreeya. saankethika abhivruddhi chainaa aardika, rajakeeya lakshyalanu saadhinchadaaniki mukhyamani chainaa viswasinchadam induku kaaranam, saankethika jaateeyata jaatiki garvakaaranamani konni maarlu varnistuu untaruu. ayinappatikee chainaa besik.
scientiphic parisoedhanalu saanketikaramgamlo uunited stetes, japanla kante venukabadi Pali, chainalo puttina saastriiyaparisodhakulu okasari bhautikasaastramlo. nobul bahumati " andukunnaru " chainaa saastriiyaparisodhakulu paaschaatyadesaalalo chosen parisodhanala koraku nobul bahumati andukunnaru. tsang.deo- lee - chen ning young, danielle sea tsui chainalo janminchi bhautikasaastramlo naalugumaarlu nobul bahumati andukunnaru okasari rasaayanasaastramlo nobul bahumati andukunnaru., veerandaroo saastriiyaparisodhakulu paaschaatyadesaalalo chosen parisodhanala koraku nobul bahumati andukunnaru. charless kao.
kayo.yuan t lee kudaa veerilo unnare chainaa stem fiield.
ganitham, inginiiring vibhaagaalalo thama vidyaavidhaanamlo vaegavanthamaina abhivruddhi saadhinchindi, loo chainaa. 2009mandhi p 10,000 hetch.di inginiiring pattabhadrulanu.lakshala mandhi b, 5 yess.sea pattabhadrulanu tayyaru chessi itharadeshaalalo unnatasthaanamlo nilichimdi.chainaa vidyaasambandhita pusthakaalanu. saastriiyaparisoedhaanaa patraalu (prachurinchadamlo chainaa prapanchamloo rendavasthaanamlo Pali) loo chainaa. 2010saastriiyaparisoedhaanaa patraalu prachurinchabadagaa veetilo
121,500 saastriiyaparisoedhaanaa patraalu pramukha antarjaateeya shaastreeya patrikalaloe prachurinchabaddaayi 5,200 huavi.
lenovo vento chainaa saankethika samshthalu tely communicatioms, personel computing, loo prapancha pramukha samsthalugaa gurtinchabadutunnaayichainaa suupar kampyootarlu sthiramgaa ti. o.p.prampanchamlo athyadhika saktivantamainavi 500 (gaaa pariganhinchabadutunnaayi) chainaa adanamga paarishraamika robotlanu gananeeyamgaa upayogistunna deshamgaa gurtinchabadutundi. madya kaalamlo. 2008-2011 multy roll robotulanu chainaa samsthalalo upayoginchadam adhikarinchindi |
136% chainaa antariksha kaaryakramaalu prapancha kriyaseelaka karyakramalalo okatiga undi chainaa jaateeyaghanataku pradhaana aadhaaramga Pali. loo chainaa tana modati saatilaitu dang fong haamg.
1970nu antharikshamlo pravesapetti swatantramgaa antharikshamlo saatilaitunu pravesapettina aidava deshamgaa pratyekata santarinchukundiloo chainaa vijayavantamga chandruni.
2013vadaku changhe probe 3 yuturovar, nupampindhi loo chainaa swatantramgaa manavulanu antarikshamloki pampi manavulanu antarikshamloki pampina moodavadesamgaa nilichimdi. 2003yaang liveetho. shenkhau nu 5mandhi chaneeyulu antarikshaaniki pampabaddaaru, 2015 10 veerilo iddharu strilu unnare. loo chainaa modati antariksha sthaavaram tiangang. 2011antharikshamlo pravesapettabadindi -1 loo chainaa vijayavantamga changhe. 2013probe 3 yuturovar, nu pampindhinatiki chainaa lunar shyampils sekarinchaalani yochistundi. 2017 maulika sadupayalu.
telecommunication
chainaa mobile phonlu adhikanga upayogistunna
natiki (2012 biliyan cells fone 1 l kante adhikamdeshaalajaabithaalo chainaa okati)antarjaalam adhikanga upayogistunna deeshalaloo chainaa okati. natiki.
2013 millionla amtarjaala viniyogadaarulu unnare 591 janasakhyalo. nivedhikalu jateeya saraasari amtarjaala upyogam 44%. 2013 em 3.14 b.ganankalanu anusarinchi chainaa prapanchamloo antarjaalam anusandhanam cheyabadina devices.
2013 lookaligi Pali 24% prapanchamloo remdu peddha braad.
Banda samshthaluchainaa telecom chainaa unicom, prapancha braad 20% Banda chandaadaarulaku sevalu andistunnaayichainaa unicom. mallan kante adhikamaina chandaaraalaku sevalu andistundagaa chainaa telecom Wokha 40 millionla braad 50 Banda chandaadaarulaku sevalu andistundipradhaanamgaa huavi.
jte, vento anek chinas telicomunications samshthalu chainaa seinika rahasyaalapai nighaachestunnaayani aropanalu edurkontunnaayi chainaa tana swantha upgraha maarganirdesanam.
satellite navigation (vyavasthanu abhivruddhi chestondi) chainaku chendina biyidu satellite navigation samshtha. nundi aasiyaalo vaanijya sevalu andinchadam praarambhinchindi 2012 natiki idi prampachadesaalaku sevalu andinchaalani prayatnistundi. 2020 ravaanhaa.
rahadaarlu
nundi chainaa jaatiiyarahadaari nett
1990 vareychainaa jaateeya rahadari nett " vareyexpress vee af chainaa ", l dwara ganineeyamgaa vistarinchabadindi " loo chainaa rahadhaarula podavu. 2011ki 85000 mee laku cherindhi.chainaa roddu netvarq chainanu prapanchamloo atipodavaina roddu nett. varey kaligina deeshaala jaabitaalo chaerchimdiloo yangtje nadimeeda aaru vantanalu Bara nirmithamaina unnayi.
1991ivi chainanu dakshinha. Uttar chainaluga vidadeestundi, aktobaru natiki yangte nadi medha. 2014 vantenalu 81 tunnels, kanumalu (nirminchabaddaayi) chainaa prapanchamloo athipedda automobil maarket.nu kaligi Paliauto utpatthi. tayaareeloo chainaa uunited stetes, nu adhigaminchindiloo chainaa auto vikrayaalu. 2009millionlaku chaerukumdi 13.6 alaage.
naatikidi 2020 millionlaku cherukuntundani anchana 40 chainaa roddu netvarq abhivruddhi kaaranamgaa traaphic vipattulu gananeeyamgaa perigayi.
traaphic chattaalu balaheenamgaa unnanduna. loo Bara 2011chaneeyulu roddu vipattulalo maranhicharu 62,000 nagarapraantaalalo prajalu auto vahanalanu vupayoganni tagginchadaaniki prayaanaaniki saadharanamga baisaikillanu vaadutuntaaru.
natiki chainaalooni bicycles sanka.
2012 millionlu 470 railu margam.
chainaa railway sambandhitha chainaa railway corparetion railu praayaaneekula madya prapanchamloo athantha raddi ayinadigaa gurtinchabadutundi
chainalo muudu masala railu prayaanhiikula sanka. prampancha prayaaneekulaloo 2006 undaga prasthutham prampancha railuprayaaneekulalo 6% undani anchana 25% ganankalanu anusarinchi chainalo.
2013 railvelu unnayani anchana 103144 prapanchamloomudava podavaina railumargam.
As of 2013, the country had of railways, the anni pranthalu.
bhoobhaagaalu railu maargamto anusandhaaninchabadindi, chainaa kottasamvatsaram roejuna desavyaaptamgaa vistaaramgaa prayaanistuntaaru. loo chainaa railvelu.
2013biliyanla passenger trippulu nirvahisthu 2.106 pajinjar raillu, ki 1,059.56 mee prayaaninchaayi.alaage. biliyan tannula sarukunu badilee chesindi 3.967 cargolu. ki 2,917.4 mee prayaaninchaayi.hyspeed raillu.
chainaa hyspeed raillu
hetch (yess.orr.vidhaanam) lonae modalaiyyaayi 2000 alaage. ki 11028 mee podavaina railu margam nirminchabadindi.chainaa hyspeed railu margam prampanchamlo podavainadigaa bhaavinchabadutundi. chainaa hyspeed nett. vareyloobeijing
gwangsyuu-shenzhen-haamkaang high-scs railway-hetch ( yess.orr prapanchamloo oche podavaina railumargamgaa gurtinchabadutundi.beijing), shanghai hyspeed railway - beijing (sanggai durita railway-bhaagamgaa unnayi) chainalo prapanchamlooni podavaina railuvantenalu muudu unnayi. natiki hetch.
2020 y |
ess.orr trac nett.varey podavuki 16000 mee cherukuntundani bhavistunaaru.sanggai maglev trains gantaku. ki 431mee prayaanistuu prampanchamlo ativegamaina railugaa gurtinchabadutundi.ganankalanu anusarinchi.
2014 chainaa urbane rel transist " loo "natiki maroka dozen raillu chaerchabadataayi ani amvana 2020 metroe raillu.
shanghai metroe
beijing sabwe, goung, jhou metroehaamg qang em, ti.orr.shen, zen metroe raillu chainaa metroe railla jaabitaalo unnayivaayumaargam.
ganankalanu anusarinchi chainalo
2012 commersial vimaanaasrayaalu unnayi 82 natiki adanamga. 2015 sarikotha vimaanaasrayaalu nirminchadaniki pranaalika ruupomdimchabadimdi 82 ganankalanu anusarinchi prampanchamlo nirmaanadasaloo unna vimaanaasrayaalalo mudava vantu chainalo unnayi. 2013 loo.
2011gaaa unna chainaa vimanala sanka 1,910 natiki 2031 ki cherukuntundani anchana 5,980pouura vimanayanamlo vaegavanthamaina vistarana.
prapanchamloo athantha raddeegala vimaanaasrayaalalo chainaa loni athipedda vimaanaasrayaalu kudaa cherchabaddaayi, loo. 2013 beijing loni capital, vimaanaashrayam
idi (loo 2002 Pali 26 prayaanhiikula raddi prapanchamloo rendo sthaanamloo nilichimdi) nundi.2010 haamg qang antarjaateeya vimaanaashrayam, shanghai pudang antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayaalu prapanchamlooni saruku ravaanhaa vimaanaasrayaalalo modati muudu sthaanaalaloo unnayi, chainaa yokka gaganatalam.
sainya upayoegaaniki parimitam 80% aasiyaalo naanhyathaleni sevalu andisthunna, vimaanaasrayaalalo 10 vimanayana samshthalu chainalo unnayi 8 chainaa vimaanaasraalalo jarugutunna japyale induku kaaranam.
jalamaargaalu.
chainaalooni
paigaa nadi 2,000 samudra odarevulalo videsi shipping koraku teravabadinavi, loo 130. 2012 sanggai, haamg qang, shenzhen, ningbo, sushan-gwangshou, kvingdayo, tianzin naukaasrayaalu, daylian continer traaphic, saraku ravaanaalo prapanchamloonee agra sthaanaallo nilichaayi, janaba vivaralu.
loo peeples republik af chainaa arava ganankalanu anusarinchi chainaa jansankhya
2010untundani anchana 1,370,536,875 veerilo. samvathsaralaku takuva vayasunnavari saatam 14 Madhya vayaskula saatam 16.60%, 15-59 samvatsaraala paibadina vayasunnavari saatam 70.40%, 60 janasankhyaabhivruddhi saatam 13.26%.
2013 paschima deeshaala pramaanaalu anusarinchi 0.4%. nundi chainalo jarugutoonna vaegavanthamaina aardhikaabhivruddhi miliyanlakoddii prajalanu pedarikam nundi velupalaku teesukuvachindani bhavistunaaru 1978 prasthutham. prajalu daaridryarekhaku diguvana unnaran anchana 10% mundhu (1978 natiki chainaalooni nagarapraantaalalo nirudyoogam 64%).
2007 niki cherukutundanini anchana vaeyabadindi 4% biliyanulugaa unna chainaa jansankhya. 1.3 ksheeninchi potunna sahajavanarulu chainaa adhikanga aamdolana chendutuu Pali, nundi chainaa jasankhyanu tagginchadaaniki prayatnistundi. 1979 andukoraku kathinamaina ooka bidda Bara vidhaanam anusaristhundhi. ku. 2013mundhu ooka kutumbaabiniki oche bidda aney vidhaanamlo konni stanika samudaayaalaku minahaayinpu
grameena praantaalaloo kontha sadalimpu undedi, taruvaata oche bidda vidhanaanni sadalinchi ooka kutumbaaniki iddharu pillalu. 2013 singel parent, vidigaa umdae jantalalotalli leka thandri (ku oche bidda vidhaanam pravesapettabadindi) chainaa kutumbaniyantrana manthri.
loo oche bidda vidhaanam 2008varku undaalani suuchimchaadu 2020 oche bidda vidhanaaniki grameena kutunbaalalo vyatiraekata Pali. vyavasaya shraamikula avsaram. magapillalaku sampradayamlo umdae mukhyatvam induku ooka kaaranamgaa Pali, amduvalana ganamkala samayamlo kutumbaalu nijam maruguparustuu undevaaru. ganankalanu anusarinchi total furtility saatam.
2010 Pali 1.4% magapillalaku sampradaayalo umdae mukhyatvam kaaranamgaa samaakamloe sthree.
purusha nishpateelo samatulyata debbathinnadi:ganankalanu anusarinchi yuvatee..
2010 yuvakula nishpatthi:Pali
100:118.06 idi saadharanamga umdae., gaaa umdae sthree purusha nishpattini adhigaminchindi 100:105 ganankaalu anusarinchi motham janasankhyalo purushulu. 2010 unnaran theliyajesthunnaayi 51:27 % samuuhaalu.
chainaa adhikarikamgaa
stanika samudaayaalanu gurtinchindi 56 vaariloo hahn chainiyula samuham sankhyaaparamgaa pradhamasthaanamlo unnadan bhavistunaaru. viiru motham chainajanasankhyalo. unnaran bhavistunaaru 91.51% hahn chaneeyulu prapanchamloo athipedda sapradaayasamudaayamgaa anchanaaveeyabadindi. ganankalanu anusarinchi stanika miniortiee samudaayaalaku chendinavaari saatam. 2010 ganankalanu anusarinchi hahn chainiyula sanka 8.49%. 2000 motham janasankhyalo 66,537,177 (migilina stanika prajala sanka 5.74%). ganankalanu anusarinchi chainalo nivasisthunna motham jansankhya 7,362,627 (6.92%). 2010 veerilo |
atyadhikulu dakshinakoriyaaku chendinavaari sanka 593,832. uunited stetes prajalasankhya 120,750,
jjapan prajalasankhya 71,493, chainalo 66,159.
Languages
sajeevabhaashalu unnayi 292 saadharanamga chainalo sino. tebetan kutumbaaniki chendina sindhik bhaasha adhikanga vaadukalo Pali- andulooni manderine bhaashan. mandhi prajalaku vaadukabhashagaa Pali 70% adanamga. voo chinas shangaineetho cherchinadi (uaae), kantanesetho cherchinadi (taishanese), minh chinas, hokian (teyochyu, xiang), gone chinas, haqqa chinas bhashalu vaadukalo unnayi, tibeto. barman - praamaanika teebet, quiang, naksi, yea bhashalu tebetan maidaanamloo vaadukabhaashalugaa unnayi,, aagneyachainaalo thaay. kadai kutumbaaniki chendina jhuyang- dang, suie, hmang mian kutumbaaniki chendina hmongic, meo (miyenic),yaoo (austroisiatic kutumbaaniki chendina waa bhashalu vaadukalo unnayi), eesaanyachainaalo mangolian. uyughur, kalak, kyrgyz, salar, setern yugur modalaina palu turkic bhashalu vaadukalo unnayi, Uttar koren sarihaddulo koren bhaasha vaadukalo Pali. pradhaana. chainalo sariko indo eurapian kutumbaaniki chendina taksik, taiwani bhashalu, austronatian bhashalu vaadukalo unnayi, chainaa praamaanika bhaasha manderine beijing yasato beijing.
loo vaadukalo Palilipi.
velaadi samvatsaraala nundi syntic bhashalu vrayadaaniki chainaa lipi vaadabadutuu Pali
loo prabhuthvam saralikrutam cheyabadina lipini pravesapettindi. 1956idi puraatanakaala chainaa pradhaana bhuumiloe vaadukalo unna undedi. tebetan aksharalaku brahic lipi aadhaaramga umtumdi. mangolian. manchu bhashalu rendoo puraathana uyaghuru bhaasha, lipi nundi janinchaayi
aadhunikamaina praamaanikamaina jhuyang vrayadaaniki laitin lipi upayoginchabadutundi. nagareekarana.
sameepa dasaabdhaalalo chainaa adhikanga nagareekarana cheyabadindhi
nagrapraantaalalo nivasisthunna prajalasaatam. 1990 natiki 20% 2014 niki chaerukumdi 50% natiki chainaa nagarapranta nivaasitula sanka.
2030 biliyan 1 ku cherukuntundani bhavistunaaruganankalanu anusarinchi chainalo.
2012 millionla valasa sraamikulu nagaralalo nivasistunnaarani anchana 262 adhikanga grameena sraamikulu nagaralalo panicheeyadaaniki aasakti kanabarustuntaaru. chainalo. mallan jansankhya kaligina 1 nagaraalu unnayi 160 veetilo.
millionla adhikamaina jansankhya kaligina 10 mahanagaralu unnayi 7 avi varusaga changkwick. shanghai, beijing, guangshou, tianjin, shenzhen, wuhan, desamlo mallan jansankhya kaligina. 2025 nagaraalu untaayani bhavistunaaru 221 crinda table. looganankalanu anusarinchina nagarala jaabithaa Pali 2010 idi nagaranirvahana parimitiloo nivasisthunna nivaasitula sanka Bara.
idi kaaka nagaralalo nivasisthunna valasa shraamikula sankhyanu cherchi ganinchadamlo ayomayam nelakontunnadi. crinda ichina sanka deerghakaalamgaa nagaralalo nivasisthunna vaarisankhya Bara. vidya.
nundi chainalo nirbhandha praadhimika
1986 maadhyamika vidya amaluloo Pali, gta. samvatsaraala nundi tolaginchabadindi 9 loo.
2010vidyaarthulu muudusamvatsaraala secondery vidyanu konasagistunnaru 82.5% loo nirvahimchina chainaa..
2010jaateeya vishwavidyaalayam " praveshapareekshaku hajaraina vidyaarthulu " unnatavidyaku arhata sadhincharu 27% secondery.
territery stayi nundi ocational vidya andubatulo Pali, phibravari nundi prabhuthvam purtiga.
2006 samvatsaraala uchitavidyanu uchita paatyapustakaalu 9 uchita rusumutho andinchindi, loo vaarshikamgaa vidyaabhivruddhiki. 2003biliyanla amarican dollars vyayam cheyabadagaa 50natiki vidya koraku prabhuthvam 2011 biliyanla amarican dollarlakante adhikanga vyayam chesindi 250 ayinappatikee vidyakoraku cheyabadapdutunna vyayamlo asamaanatalu unnayi. loo vaarshikamgaa secondery schul koraku beijing. 2010loo okkokka vidyaarthikiyuanulu vyayam cheyabadagaa 20,023 guishoulo okkokka vidyaarthiki, yuanulu vyayam cheyabaddaayi 3,204 chainalo uchita vidya praadhimika. maadhyamika stayi varku, samvatsaraala varku andincabadutundi 6-15 loo. 2011chaneeyulu secondery vidyanu poorthichesaaru 81.4% natiki chainalo. 2007 praadhimika 396,567 maadhyamika, 94,116 haiyyar secondery paatasaalalu unnayi, 2,236 ganankalanu anusarinchi chainalo.2010 akshaasyulu unnare 94% loo.
1950prajalu Bara aksharaasyulugaa unnare 20% loo shanghai loni vidyaarthulu ganitham.
2009sciencu, literacylo antarjaateeyamgaa unnanatha phalitaalu sadhincharu, proograam far internationale studant assessment. " samvatsaraala vidyaarthulaku yea pariikshanu nirvahimchimdi " 15 aaroogyam.
peeples republik af chainaa aarogyasaakha mantritvasaakha praamtiya health beurotho kalisi chainiyula aarogyaavasaraalanu paryavekshimstundi
loo.
1950piblic health und preventive medicin " chinas aaroogya vidhaanam ruupomdimchimdi " aa samayamlo |
. communistu parti paarisuddhyam, parisubhrata abhivruddhi, chikitsa, anek Morbi niroodhinchadam lakshyangaa, patriatic health compajin " deshabhaktipurvaka aaroogyam prcharam " (paerita praarambhinchaaram praarambhinchindi) gatamlo chainalo udhrutamgaa unna cholera. tiphoid, scarlett fever modalaina Morbi, prcharam dwara dadapu nirmuulinchavachchu ani bhaavimchaaru loo. 1978 deng jiavoping "erparachina aardika samskaranala " taruvaata manchi poeshanha kaarananga chinas praja aaroogyam vaegamgaa merugaindi grameena prajalaku andisthunna uchita prajaarogya sevalu kramamga adrusyamayyaayi. praivaeteekarana. nanyamaina aarogyasevalato chainaa aarogyasamrakshana, abhivruddhi chendhindhi loo prabhuthvam. 2009 biliyan 124 l amarican dollars vyayamthosamvatsaraala bruhattara pranaalika dwara aarogyasamrakshana sadupayam andinchadam praarambhinchindi 3-natiki.
2011 chainaa prajalu besik health isurems saukaryam podaaru 95% loo chainaa prampanchamlo atyadhikamgaa oushadhalu sarafarachestunna deeshalaloo mudava sdhaanaaniki cherukuntundani anchana vaeyabadindi. 2011ganankaalu anusarinchi chainiyula aayahparimaanam.2012 samvatsaaraalu 75 sisumaranaalu.
mandiki 1000 nundi chainiyula aaroogyam 12. 1950 aayahparimaanamlo abhivruddhi chendhindhi, alaage. loo sisumaranaala sanka 1950mandiki 1000 undaga 300 natiki 2001 mandiki 1000 ki chaerukumdi 33abhivruddhi kaaranamgaa poshakaahaara lopam. nundi 33.1% natiki 2010 tagginchabadindi 9.9% aarogyasamrakshanalo abhivruddhi.
adhunika vydya sadupayala andubaatuto chainaa vayu kaalushyam kaaranamgaa swaasasambandhita samasyalu modalaina palu aaroogya samasyalanu edurkontunnadi, chainalo millionla koddi prajalaku pogaaku sambadhita pogatraage alvatu Pali. idi kudaa swaasavyaadhulaku ooka kaaranamgaa umtumdi.nagarapranta yuvathalo vubakaayam adhikam authundi.
sameepakalamgaa chainalo adhikajanasankhya. janasaandhrata adhikanga unna nagaralalo tiivramaina Morbi vyaapistunnaayi, loo sars vyaadhi vyaapinchadam veetilo okati.
2003adi ippatikee chainalo aarogyasamyagaa Pali.loo chainalo vayukalushyam kaaranamgaa. 2010mallan primechur maranalu sambhavinchaayi 1.2 matham.
sahasraabdhi kante mundhu nundi chainaa samskruthi medha palumataala prabavam Pali
confucianism. idi matamgaa pariganhinchadamlo vivaadaalu unnayi (buddhijam),
}} taayijam charitrakangaa chainiyula samskrutilo mukhyapaatravahinchaayi, yea muudu mataalalooni ansaalu janapadaala prajaala jeevitamlo chochukupoyayi. chainaa rajyangamlo mataswatantryam Pali. ayinappatikee matasambandhita samshthalaku anumati labhinchadam kastham. ganankaparamga chainaa prajalalo adhikanga vyaapinchina matham taayijam. shen araadhana, shakthini ichey dhaivam (pradhaanamienavi) prabala vishwaasaalalo cult. samudradevata (okati) yuan hung jisuni bhaktulalo houngdi okaru. goundi. iddam (vyaapaaradaevata, kaishen) sampadha (sampannata ichey devatha, henan loni bouddhaalayam prajalalo praabalyata kaligi unnayi) jaripina abhipraaya sekaranalo. 2010 chaneeyulu thamanu naasthikulugaa angikarinchaaru 47% parisodhakulu chainalo matalamadya kacchitamaina haddulu laevani Dumka veluvarinchina. pratyekamgaa praamtiya prajalu anusarinche vidhaanamlo buddhijaaniki. taayijaaniki vyatyaasam thakkuvaga Pali, mathaparamaina ganankalanu anusarinchi chainalo.
prajalu folk religion 30-80% taayijaanni anusaristunnarani anchana, buddhijam. 10-16% kraistava matham, 2-4% muslimulu unnare, 1-2% hahn prajalu praamtiya matavidhaanaanni anusaristunnaru. chainalo alpasankhyaaka sdhaanikulu unnare. vividha mataalaku chendina stanika prajalu. unnare 2-3% buddhijeevulalo confucianism matamgaa pariganhinchabadutundi. stanika prajalalo tebetan buddhijam. islam, huyee hinduumataalanu kudaa aacharistaaru, sainyamtho.
peeples republik af chainaa
prapanchamloonee ekuva sankhyalo sienyaanni nirvahisthundhi, dheenini peeples libeeration armi. praja swatantrya sainyamtho (ani pilustharu) dheenilo navika dhalam. vayu dhalam unnayi, loo deeni badjatu sumaarugaa mooduvela kotla dollars. 2005padihenu vaela kotla rupees (conei yea badjatu videsi aayudhalu ?)itara parisodhanala karchu kakunda, vimarsakulu yea badjatunu enka chaaala ekkuvaga cheputhaaru! itivali rand. anu samshtha prakaaram yea karchu remdu retlu ekuva (RAND) idi America samyukta rashtala nalaugu vandala biliyan dollars taruvaata prapanchamloo rendava sthaanamloo nilustundi! deeniki chakkani anhu aayudhalu. itara pradhaana aayudhalu unnappatikee, balaheenamaina naavikaadalam, vimana vaahaka noukalu, vaimaaniki dalamlooni paata vimanala will, takuva sikshnhaa samayam will dheenini prapanchapu suupar pavarugaa gurtincharu, conei oa praamtiya shakthigaa manchi gurthimpu Pali, bharat.
ku pock kante chainanunche ekuva pramaadamundani bhartiya vaayusenaadhipati homeemager abhipraayapaddarubharat. chinala Madhya shanthi oppandam kudirinappatiki arun |
achal-Pradeshpai chainaa vivaadaspada vyaakhyalu chesthunnadhieenadu.mana desamlo jantuvula paerlato raasulunnatlu 24.5.2009.
chainalo, samvathsaralaku jantuvula paerlato pilustharu 12 avi mooshikam. vrushabham, puli, kundelu, dragon, pamu, gurram, gorre, kothi, kodipunju, kuka, pandi, viiriki. muushika naama samvastaralu 1972, 1984, 1996, 2008 phibravari. nundi chainaa kaalendar prakaaram kothha savatsaram modaloutundi 7 chainaa vaari aavishkaranhalu.
kristuku poorvam
samvatsaraala kritame han 200 chakraverthy kaalamlo kalapagujju nunchi paperas paerutoe kaagitam tayaareeni kanipettaaru mottamodatisari mudranaayantram tayyaru chesindi chainaa vaare.
deeniki. ud 'blackprinting ani paerupettaaru' va samvatsaramlo ruupomdimchina yea yantram aadhaarangaanee printing. 220vidhaanam andubaatuloki vacchindi odalaku dhaari choopinche dhiksoochi.
compasses (ni chaneeyulu)lonae kanugonnaru 1044 bhuumii Uttar. dakshinha dhruvaalni kudaa deeni dwarane gurtincharu, tommido sataabdamloo kanipettina gunn.
pouderaadhaarangaanee tapasulu banasancha (puttukochayi) prapamcham cheenaambaraalugaa cheppukunay pattu vasthraalanu kristuku poorvam.
samvatsaraala kritame chainaa allindi 3630 prapancha vaanijyamlo pai cheeyi saadhinchindi. kreestusakam. va sataabdamloo iddharu europeanlu sanyaasula veshamlo chainaa velli chethi karrallo pattupurugulanu teesukochevarakuu aa rahasyam prapanchaniki teliyaneledu 6ippayiki.
ella kritame oa chainaa raju tana kootanu chuttumuttina sainikulu entha dooramlo unnaro kanugonadaniki tholi galipatanni egaresadane katha Pali 3000 roejuu pallhu thomukune alavaatunu neerpinchindi chainavalle ani cheppavacchu.
lonae vaallu tooth. 1400breshthoo tomukunnaruais!
creem puttindi kudaa ikadecreesthu poorvam. naade paalatho kalipina biyyaanni mamchuloe unchi tinevaaru 2000 tedeelu
muhuurtaalu chusthe calander, ni kudaa creepoo.llone roopondinchaaru. 2600 chaneeyulu kristuku vandella kritame t tayaareeni kanipetti.
kreestusakam, ellakalla prajalloki t ooka paaneeyamgaa praacuryam looniki techhaaru 200 muduchukune godugunu parichayam chesindi kudaa chaineeyule.
kristupurvam. samvatsaraalake ittadi oosalatho ilanti gudugu chesar 600 enka cheppalantey parisramallo upayogapade blast.
furnacesbohr, holdrillingfork, lueandian, inq dashalavaareegaa prayaninchey raaketlu, restaurantlo menoo paddathi, bhookampaalanu kanipette seismometer, taay, lettpaiperpistan, pumpcast, ayiramsuspension, bridje indhanaalugaa boggu, sahajavaayuvulanu wade procedure ilantivennintiko tholi roopaalu chainalo roopudiddukunnaayi, samskruthi.
puraatanakaalam nundi chainiyula samskruthi medha confucianism
sampradaayavaada siddhaamtaala prabavam Pali, rajavamsapalanalo hahn rajavamsa aadhaaritha paalakulu. saanghikaabhivruddhi koraku krushichaesaaru chaineeyulasaahityam. chainaasamskrutilo chainaa dasturi
sampradhaya chaineeyakavitvam, chainaa chithralekhanam modalaina chainakalarupalu chainanatakam, nruthyam kante uttamamainavigaa bhaavinchabadutunnaayi, chainaasamskrutiki deerghamaina charithra. amtargata jaatiiyadrukkonam unnayi, peeples republik af chainaa aarambhakaala naayakulu sampradaayaraajakutumba vaarasatvaaniki chendinavaarai unnare. Examinations and a meritocracy remain greatly valued in China today.
ayinappatikee. mee phourth vudyamam " spurthi " samskarana sankalpaprabhavam kaligi unnare, varu grameena padaveekaala pramaanam. lingavivaksha, kafyushia vidhaanavidya, kutumbavyavastha, vinayavidheyatalu kaligina samskruthi modalaina chainaasamskruti kalupukuntu maarpulanu korukunaru, loo sthapinchabadina peeples republik af chainaa rajarikacharitra sambandhitamai Pali. 1949ayinappatikee communist parti chainasampradayalanu trosivestu avatharinchindhi. loo talettina samskruthika viplava vudyamam kudaa andhulo okati. 1960communism bhuswamya vidhaana avasheeshaalanu tholaginche prayathnam chesindi. chainaa sampradayaka neethi. comphucianisig samskruthi, kalalu, sahityam, pecking opera vento kalaapradarsanalu kalagalisina chainaasamskrutini prabhutvavidhaalu kadilinchaayi, chainaa samskrutilo gurtinchatagina marpulu sambhavinchaayi.
videsi maadhyam medha atyadhikamgaa nishedhaalu vidhinchabaddaayi. pratuta chainaa prabhuthvam. nundi chainaa sampradhaya chauna samskrithiki chendina palu vidhaanaalaku anumati labisthundhi samskruthika viplavaaniki muginpu palakadam chainaajaatiiyata adhikarinchadam kaaranamgaa chainaa kalalu. sahityam, sangeetam, chalanachithraalu, fyaashan, nirmaanakalaku tirugi drudamaina punarujjivanam labhinchindi, alaage chainaa jaanapadakalalaku antarjaateeya gurthimpu labisthundhi. chainaa paryaatakaramgam kudaa abhvruddhini saadhinchindi. chainaa paryaatakaramgaaniki prapanchaparyaataka gamyaalalo moodasthaanam labhinchindi. loo.
2010millionla paryatakulu chainanu sandarsinchinatlu anchana 5 |
5.7 desheeyaparyaatakulu kudaa atyadhikamgaa paryatistuu chainaa paryatakaranganni paripushtam chesthunnaaru. loo salavu dinaalaloo paryatinchina paryatakula sanka. 2012millionlu untundani anchana 740 cinemalu.
Una touuch af hsin
sahityam
chainiyula saahityaaniki jhou rajavamsam moolamai Pali
rachanalu chainiyula sampradaayam pratibimbimchi untai. rachanalaloo vistaaramaina aalochanlu. chaineeya sampradaayaaniki chendina prajagaathalu untai, chainaa kalendar. chainaa seinika rachanalu, chainaa jyootisham, chainaa muulikalu, chainaa bhougolikam, palu itara vishayalu unnayi, aarambhakaala rachanalaloo ai ching. shoojing phore books, faive classicals, loo unnayitang rajavamsam paalanaloe sampradhaya sahityam.
chainaa sampradhaya sahityam abhivruddhicheyabaddaayi, lee by. dhoo phoo rachanalu kaalpanikam, vaastavikaaniki addam pattayi, chainaa charithra shijito modaliendi. chainaa chaarithraka sampradaayam. twentee phore histories " loo pratibimbistumdi "adi chainaa janapdhaalu. puraanaala, aadhaarithamgaa rachinchabadindi
phore greeat classically navels. " loo meng rajavamsa kalaniki chendina pourulu " chainiyula samskrutika prathibimbinchee kaalpanika sahityam, chaarithraka, devullu devatala rachanalu untai, veetilo. vaatar maargin " romams af tree kingdoms", " journey tu dhi vest, dreem af dhi rudd chamber unnayi, zin yaang gurinchina kaalpaanika sahityam.
vuksia " turupu asiaku chendina aasaktikaramaina saahityamgaa deeniki pratyekata Pali ". kwing saamraajyam muginpu taruvaata arambham ayina.
kothha samskruthika viplavam " kottasakam modaliendi " taruvaata sadarana chainiyula koraku vyavaharika bashalo sarikotha rachanalu veluvaddayi. hyuu shin. lue cson adhunika saahityaprakriyalo gurthimpu pondhaaru, vividha saahityaprakriyalalo misty poitri. samskruthika viplavam taruvaata prarambham ayina skaar sahityam, cson jan vudyamam majic realijamtho prabhaavitam ayyaayi, cson jan sahithya rachayita moo yuan.
loo nobul bahumati geluchukunnadu 2012aahaarasamskruti.
chainiyula aahaarasamskruti vaividhyangaa umtumdi
veetilo sichuan. contones, jaingsu, shandang, fujian, hyunan, amhui, jhejiang vidhaanaalu prabalamainavi, ivi annii taragadam.
vedicheyadam, varnaalanu cherchadam,suvaasanalanu cherchadam vento pratyekatalu kaligi untai, chainiyula aahaarasamskrutilo vistaaramaina vantasamagri upayoginchabadutundi.
vitini tayyaru cheyadanki palu naipunhyaalanu pradarsistaaru. chainiyula vaidyavidhaanaalalo chaneeyulu aaharavidhaanam kudaa bhaagamai umtumdi. dakshinachainaalo bhiyyam pradhaana aahaaramgaa undaga.
Uttar chainalo, godhumalatho chosen bred pradhaana aahaaramgaa Pali adhunika kalaniki mundhu chaneeyulu saadharanamga dhanyam. kuuragaayalanu aaharamloo adhikanga upayogistaaru, pratyeka vindulo maamsam kudaa umtumdi. maamsakruttulu adhikanga kaligina aahaaram ayina soybeans aadhaaritha tofu. soyamilk vento vatini kudaa chaneeyulu adhikanga aaharamloo teesukuntaaru, prasthutham chainalo pork maamsam prajalalo adhika praacuryam kaligi Pali. desamlo vaadabadutunna motham mamsaharamlo naaluguva bhaagam pork undadam visaesham. adanamga chainalo buddhist aaharavidhaanam.. chainaa islaamik aaharavidhaanam kudaa unnayi, dakshinha chainiyula aaharamloo samudrathiram unnanduna..
milder vaataavaranam kaaranamgaa samudrajala aahaaram vistaaramgaa labhistunnanduna samudrajala aahaaram, sea phud (kuuragayalu adhikanga chotuchaesukuntaayi), podigaa umdae uttarachainaalo gooddhuma aahaaram adhikanga teesukuntaaru. chainaa aahaaravidhaanamlo haamg qang vidhaanam.amarican chainaa aaharavidhaanam videsalalo praacuryam pondaayi, kridalu.
prapanchamlooni atipuraatana kridaa sampradaayam kaligina deeshalaloo chainaa okati
chainaa aarambhakaala raajarikavyavasthalalo okataina. vestarn jhou raajarika vyvasta kaalam nundi viluvidya kuju, dadapu fut (bahl sambandhitha creedaabhyasinchabadutunnaayi) loo aasiyaalo atyadhikamgaa gurtinchabadutunna.1994chinas suupar leaguue " sthapinchabadindhi " adi. praabalyata kaligina itara creedalaloo chinas martial aarts.
basket bahl, table tennis, badminten, swimming, snuker pradhaanamienavi, bord creedalaloo goo. veyikvi (xiankanvi), mahzang, chadaramgam modalaina kridalaku praadhaanyata Pali, chainalo physically fitt. ness adhikanga praadhaanyata ivvabaduthundiveetilo quick zhang. thaay chi chuan vento udayakaala vyaayaamaalu pradhaanamienavi, chainalo prasthutham basket bahl.
and commercial gyms and fitness clubs gaining popularity in the country. ku abhimaanulu adhikanga unnaredhi chinas basket bahl associetion.
" amarican naeshanal basket bahl associetion atyadhikamgaa chainaprajala abhimaanapaatramgaa unnayi ", praamtiya chainaa kreedaakaarulalo yaang meng. yii jainlian praadhaanyata kaligi unnare, adanamga chainalo saikling cheeseevaaru adhikanga unnare.
ganankalanu anusarinchi chainalo. 2012 millionla saikilistulu unnaran bhavistunaaru 470 chainalo dragon botu racing.
mangolian mallayuddham, gurrapu pandaalu modalaina palu sampradaayakreedalaku kudaa prajaadaranha adhikanga Pali, nundi chainaa creedakaarulu olympique creedalaloo kudaa adhikanga paalgont |
unnaaru.
1932 loo chainaa creedakaarulu suummer olympique creedalaloo paalgonnaru. 1952suummer olimpics. 2008 kridalaku chainaa aatidhyam icchindi andhulo chainaa creedakaarulu. swarnapatakaalu sadhinchi modati sthaanamloo unnare 51 suummer paralympics creedalaloo chainaa creedakaarulu.
2012 swarnapatakaalato 95 patakaalanu sadhincharu 231 chainaa. loo gangdang loni shenghen 2011loosuummer universable kridalaku aatidhyam icchindi " 2011 chainaa loni taijan. looeest asean games " 2013 ku aatidhyam icchindi "
loo chainaa nanjing. 2014 loosuummer yooth olypics " ku aatidhyam icchindi " matham.
cree
poo.loo.217mandhi bouddabhikshuvulu chainaa cherukunnaaru 12creesthu sakam aarambhamaina aati nunchee ucha. bactrianu, saagdiyanu modalaina paluvuru Madhya asiya jatula varu chainalo bouddhamata vistrutiki prayathnam chesindi, usa. sha.loo kasyapamatangudaina iddharu bhartia bhikshuvulu chainaa velli meng ti aney chainaa chakraverthy aadarana gowrawalu pondhaaru.67varu buddhist gramddhaalanu anuvadinchi. aaraadhanalu nelakolpi matala prcharam cheeseevaaru, usa.
sha.va sataabdamloo mro iddharu bouddhabhikshuvulu matha prcharam chesar.6vaariloo modativaadu bodhidharmudu. pusthakaalu.
veediyolu
visheshaalu
prapancha vyaaptangaa
saatam aata bommalu chainaa nunche utpatthi avtunnayi 70 prapanchamloonee mottamodatisari kagithala ruupamloe dabbuni andubaatuloki tecchina desam idhey
prasthutham chainalo dabbuni rane. minhbee antaruuantey prajala sommu ani ardham. roopaayalaki yuan. jiavo, phen, lanty perlu unnayi moolaalu.
bayati linkulu
documentarilu
Overviews
People's Daily: China at a Glance
BBC News — Country Profile: China
"Rethinking ‘Capitalist Restoration’ in China" by Yiching Wu
prabhuthvam
"China on the Rise" PBS Online NewsHour. October 2005.
China Rises a documentary co-produced by The New York Times, Discovery Times, CBC, ZDF, France 5 and S4C. 9 April2006.
China in the Red, 1998–2001. PBS Frontline.
China From the Inside A documentary series co-produced by KQED Public Television and Granada Television.
pariseelana
The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (English)
China's Official Gateway for News & Information (English)
prayanam
Assertive Pragmatism: China's Economic Rise and Its Impact on Chinese Foreign Policy - analysis by Minxin Pei, IFRI Proliferation Papers n°15, 2006
The Dragon's Dawn: China as a Rising Imperial Power February 11, 2005.
History of The People's Republic of China Timeline of Key Events since 1949.
Media, advertising, and urban life in China.
China's Neoliberal Dynasty by Peter Kwong, originally published in The Nation 2 October 2006.
deesha pataalu
gugle maps
chainaa - gugle maps
chainaa chainaa aakarshaneeyamaina pranthalu - ivikuda chudandi
republik af chainaa
tiwan
asiya
chainaa
iranian |
puraathana namam (paeshiya = percian) (nairati aasiyaaloni ooka madhyapraachya deshamu: ایران) dhaaka yea deshamu paaschaatya prapanchamuloo paeshiya ani pilavabadedi. 1935 loo mohhamed reeza shaw pahlavi ubhaya padhamulu upayoginchavacchani prakatinchaaru. 1959conei pratuta iranian nu uddeshinchi.paeshiya "padamu vaadika chaaala arudu" iranian anu peruu sthali. arin "ardham" arya bhuumii "iranian ku vayavyana azar".
baijanki (500 mee.armeniyaa), ki (35 mee.uttaraana caspian samudramu), eshaanyaana turkamenistan, ki (1000 mee.thuurpuna pakistan), ki (909 mee.aafghanisthaan), ki (936 mee.paschimaana turqey), ki (500 mee.iraq), ki (1458 mee.dakshinhaana percian gulf), oman gulf lato sarihaddu Pali, loo. 1979ayatollah khomeini aadhvaryamulo jargina islaamik viplavam paryavasanamugaa islaamik republik af iranian, gaaa avatharinchindhi (جمهوری اسلامی ایران) iraanlo.
pertian, azerbaizan, kurdish, kurdistan (lure athantha mukhyamaina jaati samuuhaalu), charithra.
iranian yokka jaateeyata paeshiya nundi udbhavinchindi
paeshiya annapadamu neti iranian. tajikistan, turqey, aafghanisthaan, caucasus praantaalaku unna prachina greeku peruu persis nundi vacchindi, cree. poo.va sataabdamuloo yea praantaalannii ackemined vamsamu yokka paalanaloe griice nundi vaayavya bharathadesam varku vistarimchina mahasamrajyamulo bhagamuga unnayi 6alegjaamdar muudu prayatnaala tarwata yea saamraajyaanni jayinchagaligadu. ayithe paeshiya venuventane parthian. sassanid samrajyala rupamulo swatantramainadi, ayithe yea mahaa saamraajyaalanu. va sataabdamuloo islam orabbi seenala chetha chikkinadi 7aa taruvaata seljuk turkulu. mangolulu, taimar, leanu yea praantaanni jayincharuva sataabdamuloo safavidulu paalanaloe tirigi swaatantryamunu pomdinadi.
16aa taruvaata kaalamulo iraannu shaah lu paripaalinchaaru. va sataabdamloo paeshiya. 19rashyaa, uunited king dam nundi vattidi edurkonnadi, yea dhasaloo deesha aadhuneekarana praarambhamie. va sataabdamuloki konasaginadi 20maarpu kosamu paritapinchina iranian prajala bhavala anugunamga. percian raajyaamga viplavam jargindi 1905/1911 charitraku mundhu.
iranian loni kashafrad
ganj par praantaalaloo labhinchina kalaa avesheshaalu aarambhakaala iranian charitranu vivaristunna modati aadhaaralugaa bhavistunaaru, ivi dhiguva. paleo lithic sakaniki
cree (poo.sambandhinchinavani bhavistunaaru 8,00,000 - 2,00,000) ivi neendertal madya paleo lithic sakaniki. cree (poo.sambandhinchinavani bhavistunaaru 2,00,000- 80,000) ivi zagros loni varwasi. yaftesh guha praantaalaloo labhinchayi, cree.
poo.samvathsaralaku poorvam iranian praantaalaloo choga golan 10,000- 8,000 chogha bonat vyavasaya samuuhaalu vardhillaayi, alaage zagros praantamlosusaa.
chogha mish vyavasaya samuuhaalu vardhillaayi, susa Kota sdhaapana rdi corbon.
cree (poo.jarigindani bhavistunaaru 4,395) iranian peethabhoomi antataa palu paleolithic sakaniki chendina pranthalu unnayi.
ivi dadapu cree. poo.praantaaniki chendinavani bhavistunaaru 4,000 kamsya yuga kaalamlo iranian praanthamlo eelam.
jiroft, jayandesh samskruthi modalaina samskruthulu vardhillaayi, veetilo pradhaanamgaa eelam samskruthi iranian vaayavyapraantamlo vardhillindi. eelam samskruthi sumarian bhaasha. elamite sunlaapi janinchina kalaniki samakaaleenamani, cree (poo.bhavistunaaru 3,000) elamite raajyam median.
achamenid saamrajyaalu avatarinche varku konasaagindi, cree. poo.madyakaalamlo vaayavya iranian cura 3,400 - 2,000 araxes samskati prajala nivaasita praantamgaa Pali- cura. araxes caucasus- anatonia praantaalaloo kudaa vistarimchimdi, cree. poo.samvatsaraala nundi paschima iranian swat praanthamlo nivasinchina asyariyaalu 2000 sameepa praantaalanu vaari bhuubhaagamloe kalupukuni paalinchaara
saampradaayika puraatanatvam.
cree
poo.eurasian steppeela nundi puraathana iranean prajalu 2000 proto iranean (iranian praantaaniki vachi cherina) prajalu iranian stanika prajalaku samaanamgaa bhaavimchaaru
taruvaata iranean prajalu mahaa iranian praantaaniki tarimiveyabaddaaru.
taruvaata pratuta iranian bhoobhaagam medha percian. median marian parthian girijanulu adikyata sadhincharu, cree.
poo.va sataabdamloo 10-7 pri " iranean - kingdoms- dwara sanghibhaavamgaa jiivinchina iranean prajalu Uttar mesopateniaku chendina assyrian impiyar aadhikyataku loenayyaaru " raza sayaxeres paalanaloe medase.
parsiyanlu babilon, ku chendina nabopolassarskidhiyanlu, chimmeriyanlatho kuutami yerparuchukuni assyrian saamraajyaanni edorkonnaru, assyrian saamraajyamlo cree. poo.madhayalo anataryuddham saagimdi 616-615. taruvaata sataabdhaala kaalam sagina assyrian paalana nundi iranian prajalu vid |
ipinchabaddaaru.
cree. .
poo dioselsa paalanaloe sankhaikhyaparachabadina median prajalu cree.poo.natiki median saamraajyasthaapana chesaru 612 varu sampuurnha iranian. anatolia medha adikyata saaginchaaru, idi uraartu rajyaniki mugimpuku raavadaaniki kaaranam ayindhi. cree.
poo.loo mandaane 550 modati combises sairat dhi greeat madian saamraajyaanni swaadheenaparachukuni parisara nagaralanu rajyalanu sammilitam chesthu achamenind saamraajyaanni stapinchadu, media medha vision. percian tirugubaatugaa " gaaa varninchabadindi "assyrian paalakuni charyalakaaranamgaa uttejitulaina buraha taruvaata vaegamgaa itara praantaalaku vistarimchi parshiyanlatho kuutami yerparuchukunnaru. taruvaata sairat naayakatvamlo vijaayaalu sadhinchi saamraajyaanni libiyaa. babilon puraathana ejypt,balkan , loni konni bhaagaalueurup varku vistarinchaaru , alaage idi simdhu. axus nadula paschima theeram varku vistarimchimdi , achamenind saamraajyam nalla samudram thira pranthalu eeshaanya griice.
dakshinha balgaeriyaa , thaaresnu (loo chaalaavaraku iranian) azerbaizan, armenia, giorgia, turqey yokka modern bhoobhaagaalu chercharu, macedonia, iraq yokka athantha (Paeonia), siriyaa, lebonan, jordan, izrael, palastina, suduura paschima libiyaa, kuvait, Uttar soudi arabian, oman, UAE , pakistan, afgionistan yokka bhaagaalu, Madhya asiya, puraathana ejypt yokka anni kendralu kalipina prachina janaabhaatho modati prapancha atibruhattara prabhuthvam, athipedda saamraajyam sthapinchabadindhi , cree. poo.loo sthapinchabadina achamenid saamraajyamlo 480 millionla prajalu nivasinchaaru 50 guiness world rikard anusarinchi aasamayamlo achamenind paalanaloe prampanchamlooni.
prajalu paalinchabaddaarani bhavistunaaru 44% aakaalamlo janasankhya paranga achamenind saamraajyam pradhamasthaanamlo undani bhavistunaaru. greeq charithraloo idi satruraajyamgaa bhavinchabadi baanisalugaa pattubadi rajabhavanalu. rahadhaarulu, gopuraala nirmaanapupanulaku niyoginchabadina yudulu , babylonianlanu vidipinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru, chakraverthy aadheenamlo adhikaaram kendrikarinchabadindi. pouraseva. bruhattarasainyam modalaina palana abhivruddhi vidhaanaalu taruvaata velasina saamraajyaalaku preranakaliginchindi, achamenind saamraajyamlo cree.
poo.madya puraathana prapancha 352-350 adbhutaalalo okataina 7 halikarnasas mousolium " nirminchabadindi" lonian tirugubatu arambhamai adi greco.
percian- yuddhaaluga parinaminchi cree- poo.va sathabdam ardhabhaagam varku konasaagaai 5parsiyanlu balkan. turupu eurapian eurapian bhubhalanundi vaidolagadamtho iddam mugimpuku vacchindi, cree.
poo.loo mahaveerudu alegjaamdar achamenind saamraajyam medha dandetti issus yuddamlo chivari achamenind chakraverthy mudava darius medha vision saadhimchaadu 334 alegjaamdar chinna vayasukoenae maraninchadamtho iranian seleusid saamraajyaaniki chakraverthy hellenistic chakraverthy vasaparachukunnadu. va sathabdam ardhabhaagamlo talettina pardhian saamraajyam iranian bhuubhaagaanni swaadheenam chesukundi. 2taruvaata percian. romanla madya sataabdhakaala virodham konasaagindi-virodham kaaranamgaa palu romman. pardhian yudhalu konasaagaai- taruvaata. sataabdhaalakaalam bhuswamya prabhuthvam konasaagindi 5 usa. sha.loo iranian sassanid saamraajyam vasham ayindhi. 224 byzantine saamraajyam tanaporuguna unna satrusaamraajyamto avi remdu saktivantamaina remdu raajyaangasaktulugaa.
sataabdhaalakaalam nilichaayi 4 achamenind madya sarihaaddulanu yerparustu sassanidlu stesifon rajadhaanigaa cheesukuni saamraajyasthaapana chesaru.
sassanid saamraajyam unikilo unna kaalam iranian prabhaavantamaina kaalamgaa bhavistunaaru. puraathana romeu samskruthi. african samskruthi
chainaa samskruthi bhartia samskruthi iranian, nu prabhaavitam adhikanga Paliivi praamukhyata santarinchukunna medival kala turupu asiya kalaa roopudiddukovadamlo pradhaanapaatra vahinchaayi.
percian.
sassanid saamrajyaalalo atyadhikapraantaalalo romman, percian yuddhaparyavasanaala needa prasarinchindi - rowmanlu paschimateeramlo anatolia. paschima caucasus, mesapatomia, levanth, samvastaralu nilichiunnaaru 700 yea yudhalu rowmanlu. sassanind saamrajyaalu arabbula chetilo apajayam pomdadaaniki kaaranam ayimyai, achamenind samthathi prajalu parsiyanlu.
sassanidulu sthaapinchina rajyalau shaakhalu anatolia, caucasus, pontus, mihrandiilu,arasasid saamrajyaalu, dagestan praantaalaloo erpatucheyaba ddaayi, madyayugam.
dheerghakaalam byzantine
sassanid yudhalu konasaagaai - veetilo byzantine. sassanid iddam- varku konasaagindi 602-628 sassanid saamraajyam antaryuddhaalu mugimpuku vacchina taruvaata. va sataabdamloo iranian medha arrab daadiki dhaaritheesindhi
7arambamlo arrab rashidun califate chetilo ootami pondina taruvaata iranian arrab califate adhinam ayindhi.
iranian. loo ummayad califateabbasid califate, lu paalincharuarrab dandayatra taruvaata d |
heerghakaalam iranian islam mataraajyamgaa marchabadindhi.rashidun califate. imayat califate mawali, naane conaverted, dimmi (iraaneeyula patla vivaksha choopabadindi) varini prabhutvodyaagaalaku. seinika udyogaalaku dooram chesthu adanamga variki jizya sunkam vidhinchabadindi, gunde shapoor.
looakaadami af gunde shapoor " sthapinchabadindhi " aasamayamlo idi prapancha vaidyakendramgaa vilasillindi. dandayatra taruvaata sajivanga nilichina akaadami islaamik samshtha. gaaa nilichimdi " loo abbasidulu ummayaadulanu trosi mawali iraaniyanlaku madduthugaa nilicharu.
750mawali tirugubatu sainyaalanu sameekarinchaaru. sainyaaniki Abu muslim naayakatvam vahinchaaru. abbasid kaalifaala raaka taruvaata iranean samskruthi. prabavam tirigi vikasinchindi , taruvaata arrab sampradaayalu tolaginchabaddaayi. arrab kulinavidhaanam sthaanamloo kramamga iranean raajyaamga vidhaanam punaruddharinchabadindi. sataabdhaala arrab paalana taruvaata abbasid califate ksheenadasa taruvaata tahridii.
2safarid, samanid, buid ardhaswatantra , puurnasvatantra rajyalau velisai , sataabdhaalalo samanid sakam aarambhamaina taruvaata iranianlu thama swaatantram tirigi sthiraparachukunnaaru. 9-10 iranean sahityam. iranean taatvikavaadam, vaidyaparamaina shaastreeya, saanketikata , iranean kalalu abhivruddhi sarikotha iranean samskruthi abhivruddhi roopondindi , yea kollanni. islaamik swarnayugam " gaaa varninchabadindi " islaamik swarnayugam.
islaamik swarnayugam
sataabdhaala natiki sikharaagram chaerukumdi 10-11 saastreeyadrukpathaalaku iranian pradhaanapraantam ayindhi. sathabdam taruvaata percian bhaashathoo arabek bhashalu shaastreeya. 10thaathvika, chaarithraka, sangeeta, vaidyasaastraalaku upayoginchabaddaayi , naasir all. din all-tusi- avicenna, kotub all, din shiraj-birun modalaina iranean rachayitalu shastriya rachanalu cheyadamlo pradhaanapaatra vahinchaaru, abbasid sakamlo sambhavimchina samskruthi punarujjivanam irajian jaateeyatanu gurtinchela chesindi. gatamlo iranian.
loo chosen arabineeyata tirigi punaraavrutam kaledhuiranean shubia vudyamam arrab prabavam nundi iraaneeyulu swatamtram pondaelaa chesindi. udyamaphalitamgaa percian basha kavya rachayita.
ferdos " nu veluguloki teesukuvachindi " prasthutham ferdos. ku iranean saahityamlo saasvatasthaanam Paliva sataabdamloo turqey nundi girijanulu madya asiya nundi iranian peethabhoomiki mookummadigaa valasavacchi sthirapaddaaru. 10arambamlo abbasid sainyamloe. iranean. arrab sthaanamloo , turkic girijanayuvakulu banisa sainyamtho mamlulks (gaaa neyaminchabaddaaru) falithamgaa banisasainyam rajakeeyaadhikaaram sampaadinchaaru. ghajnavid.
loo iranian
999 loo adhikabhaagam ghajnavid vasham ayindhighajnavid paalakudu mamlak turqey santatiki chendinavadu. taruvaata seljuk chakraverthy. khwarejmain chakraverthy iranian , nu paalincharuyea turqey paalakulu parshiyanlugaa. percian nirvahanha , palananu anusarinchaaru , taruvaata seljuklu okavaipu sampuurana percian gurtimputoo anatolialo rum sultanet abhivruddhi chendadaaniki avaksam icchaaru.
percian samskruthi dattu tisukuni turqey paalakulu sarikotha turqey.
percian samskruthi janinchadaaniki abhivruddhichendadaaniki avaksam icchaaru- madya khwarejmain saamraajyam changhiskhan naayakatvamlo sagina mangol dandayaathratho dhwamsham cheyabadindhi.
1291-21 steven orr. verde abhipraayamlo.mangolian dandayaatralo jargina himsalo iranean peethabhoomilo nivasisthunna prajalalo muudu vantula prajalu " mallan prajalu (10-15 vadhinchabaddaaru) ani varninchabadindi " marikontamandi caritrakarulu.
va sathabdam varku iranian prajala sanka mangolian dandayaatraku mundunna sthaayiki cherukoledani bhavistunaaru 20mangol saamraajyam vibhajitam ayina taruvaata.
loo changiskhan manumadu hulagukhan iranian 1256loo ilkhanet saamraajyam stapinchaduloo thaimuur iranian. 1370 nu vasaparachukuni thaimuur saamraajyasthaapana Akolataruvaata. samvatsaraala kaalam thaimuur saamraajyapaalana konasaagindi 156 loo thaimuur isfahan mookummadi hathyalaku aadesaalujaarii cheeyadamtoo. 1387 pourulu praanaalu kolpoyaru
70,000 ilkhaanlu. taimurulu vaegamgaa iraaneeyula jeevabamaargaanni encukuni jeevincharu , falithamgaa iranian samskrithiki bhinnangaa iranian. loo maroka samskruthi roopudiddukunnadiaarambhakaala adhunika yugam.
natiki ardabil nundi ismayil tabriz rajadhaanigaa cheesukuni safavid saamraajyasthaapana Akola
1500 arambamlo ajarbisen. .
thoo iranean bhoobhaagamantaa adhikaaraanni vistarimchaadutaruvaata sameepapraantaalanu kudaa adhikaaraparidhiloki teesukuvachchi mahaa iranian. grater iranian (antataa iraanee gurthimpu kalugajesadu) ismayil safavid saamraajyamlo sunnii. shia sthaanamloo iraanee sunniyijam vachchelaa Akola , shia islam vistarimchi unna caucasus. iranian, anatonia,mesapatonia iraanee sunneeyijam vistarimchimdi |
, falithamgaa adhunika iranian. republik af ajarbisen Bara adhikarika shia muslim desaalugaa gurtinchabadutunnaayi , remdu deeshalaloo shia muslimula aadhikhyata Pali. alaage remdu deshalu shia muslim sakhyalo pradhama. dviteeya sthaanaalaloo unnayi , safavid.
aatamin saamraajyaala madya nelakonna sataabdhaala bhaugoollika , siddhaamtaala shatruthvam , palu
aatamin " percian - yuddhaalaku dhaaritheesindhi" abbas dhi greeat kaalamlo. lalo safavid sakam sikharaagram cherindhi (1587-1629) chuttuu unna aatamin satruvulanu aanichivesi saamraajyaanni paschima eurasialo shaastreeya.
kalakendramga marchabadindhi, safavid kaalamlo caucasus prajalu adhikanga iranian prajalato sammilitam kaavadam taruvaata palu sataabdhaalakaalam iranian charithra medha prabavam choopindi. aatamin.
thoo nirantara yudhaluantaryuddhaala, videsi jokyam, pradhaanamgaa rashyaa jokyam (kaaranamgaa) chivara 1600 aarambhakalam natiki saamraajyam ksheenadasaku chaerukumdi - 1700 pashtan. loo tirugubaatudaarulu isfahan swaadheenaparuchukuni sulthan hussain 1722nu odinchi hotaki saamraajyasthaapana chesarunadirshah.
loo khorasan nundi sainikaadhikaari
1729sainikavyuuha nipunudu nadirshah vijayavantamga pashtan aakramanadaarulanu tarimivesadu, taruvaata nadirshah tirigi swaadheenam cheskunna kaukasin bhoobhaagaalu constantinople. oppandam dwara aatamin (1724) rashyaalaku vibhajinchabadi ivvabaddaayi, ssanid paalana taruvaata nadirshah paalanaloe iranian athyunnatha sthaanam chaerukumdi. caucasus. paschima asiya pradhaana bhoobhaagaalu, madya aasiyaalo iranean aadhipathyam tirigi sthapinchabadindhi, aasamayamlo iranian athantha saktivantamaina saamrajyamgaa marindi. loo nadirshah bhaaratadaesam medha dandetti dhilliini swaadheenam chesukunadu. 1730nadirshah bhuubhaaga vistarana. seinika vijayaalu Uttar caucasus, loo dagesthan yuddhamtho mugimpuku vacchaijand saamraajyam.
nadirshah hathya taruvaata iranian
loo svalpakaalam allarluantaryuddhaalu konasaagaai, loo kareem khan jand saamraajyasthaapana chosen taruvaata iranian. 1750loo saatisusamppannata nelakonnadhi, bhougolikamgaa munupati iranian saamraajyaalato polchithe jand saamraajyam parimitamainadi. caucasus praantamlooni palu pranthalu swatamtram prakatinchukunnaayi.alaage praantiiyamgaa palu caucasus khanatelu palanaadhikaaram chepattaaru. ayinappatikee svayampaalanaku badhuluga rajulanta jand chakravarthiki saamantulugaa nilicharu. kanaatelu madya aasiyaaloni vyapara maargaala madya videsi vaanijyaadhikaaram dakkinchukunnaaru.
aaghaa mohd khan.
loo kareem khan taruvaata maroka anataryuddham chelaregindi
1779anataryuddham falithamgaa. loo 1794aaghaa mohd khan " thaletthi kwazar saamraajyasthaapana Akola " georgian avidheyata. jargevisk oppandamtho garjian rashyaa kuutami erpaatu, kratsanis yuddamlo kwajaarlu tblisini vasaparachukovadam modalaina vishayalu rashyanlanu caucasus, nu vidichipoyela chesinditaruvaata konthakaalam tirigi iranean paalana punaruddharinchabadindi. madya sambhavimchina russo. 1804-1813 percian yudhalu-madya sambhavimchina russo percian iddam falithamgaa iranian tramscoucacacia, 1826-1828 dagesthan praantaalanu kolpooemdhi, muudu sataabdaalugaa iranian. loo bhaagamgaa unna praantaalanu kolpovadam iraniannu kolukolenantaga baadhinchindiidi poruguna unna rashyaa saamraajyaaniki thaginantha laabham chekurchindi.
va sataabdhapu russo. 19percian yuddhaala falithamgaa rashyanlu caucasus bhoobhaagam anthatinee swaadheenam cheskunnaru- iranian antarbhaagamgaa unna dagesthan. giorgia, armenia, ajarbisen bhuubhaalanu saswathamga kolpooemdhi, aras nadi uttarabhaagamlo pratuta ajarbisen. giorgia, dagesthan, armenia, va sataabdamloo rashyanlu aakraminchevaraku iranian aadheenamlo unnayi 19iranian loni tramscoucasas. north caucasus bhuubhaalanu rashyaa aakraminchhina taruvaata yea praantaalalooni muslimulu iranian vaipu tarali vellaaru, aarmeniyanlu kotthaga roopondinchabadina rashyaa bhuubhaalaloo nivasinchadaaniki mogguchoopaaru.
sameepakaala adhunika yugam.
.
madyakaalamlo sambhavimchina karuvulo dadapu
1870-1871 millionla prajalu 1.5 motham janasankhyalo (maraninchaarani anchana 20-25%)Madhya kwaajarku chendina naajar uddin shaw.
1872, 1905 mozapher kwazar uddin shaw, videsheeyula ammakaniki raayitheelu ichinanduku pratispandanagaa various nirasanalu eduraiyyaayi, yea sanghatanalu modati iranean raajyaangaviplavaaniki daariteesaayi. konasaguthunna viplavam dwara. loo iranian modati rajyangam iranian, 1906 modati jaateeya parlament sthaapinchabaddaayi, iranian raajyaangasavaranalalo muudu mathaparamaina alpasankhyaakulaku.. cristavulu (zorastrianlu, yudulu, adhikarika gurthimpu ivvabadindi) apati nundi iranian chattaniki ivi aadhaarabhootamgaa unnayi. |
loo mohd ollie shaw odinchabadi padaveechyutudu ayyevaraku raajyaamga kalahalu konasaagaai. 1911paristiti chakkadidde nepamthoo rashyaa.
loo Uttar iranian 1911nu aakraminchi aakramita praanthamlo samvatsaraala kaalam sainyaalanu nilipiunchindiprapanchayuddham samayamlo. britton iranian loni adhika bhoobhaagam aakraminchi
natiki purtiga venakku teesukundi 1921 prapanchayuddham midle ishtern thiatre.loo bhaagamgaa modati prapanchayuddham samayamlo aatamin danyatra kaaranamgaa percian iddam arambham ayindhiaatamin pratiikaaraaphalitamgaa iranian sarihaddupraantaalaloo urmia lopala. parisaraalalo unna assyrian prajalanu aatamin sainyamtho mookummadigaa samharinchindi, akwa mohd khan paalanaloe kwazar paalana okasataabdhakaalam asambaddha palanaga gurthinchabadindi. loo kwazar saamraajyam pahalavi saamraajyaaniki chendina reja khan chetha padagottabadindi.
1921taruvaata reja khan iranian sarikotha shaw ayadu. loo shanu aayana kumarudu mohd reja pahalavi chetha padaveechyutuni Akola.
1941taruvaata mohd reja pahalavi percian carridar sdhaapana Akola. bruhattara sarafara margam ayina percian carridar taruvaata sambhavimchina iddam varku unikilo Pali. iranian. loni palu videseebrundaalu soveit unionthoo cry iranianloo remdu pappetkeelu bomma (rajyalanu) ajarbisen peeples governamentu (republik af mohabad, sthaapinchaayi) soveit union aakramita iranian bhuubhaagaanni tirigi ivvadaniki nirakarinchindi. iranian crisis falithamgaa remdu pappet rajyalau.
1946 soveit aakramita praantaala vidudhala sadhyam ayindhi, loo mohd mosadeg pradhanamantrigaa ennika cheyabaddaadu.
1951petrolium parisrama. oily niluvalu jaateeyam chosen taruvaata mohd mosadeg iranian, loo praankhyata santarinchukunnaduloo mohd mosadeg padavi nundi tolaginchabaddaadu. 1953aaglo. amarican kuutamitoe nirvahinchabadina yea sangatana colled vaaa samayamlo modhatisaarigaa yu- yess videsheeprabhutvaanni padagottadamgaa gurthinchabadindi.yea sangatana taruvaata shaw sulthan ayadu. taruvaata iranian ekachatraadhityam. sultanism punaruddharinchabaddayi, taruvaata konni dasaabdhaalakaalam iranian. uunited stetes mari konni videsi satsambandhaalu konasaagaai- shaw iranian. nu mataatiita rajyaangaaadhunikeekarana cheyadamlo safaleekrutam ayinappatikee marokavaipu iranian, loo rahasyapolis charyalathoo ekapaksha khaiduluhimsa adhikam ayyaayi, dhi savak. yess (Una.v.Una.kao.motham rajakeeya vyatirekatanu anichivesindi) ayatullah ruhollah khomeni shaw.
wyatt revalution " ku "kriyaseelaka vimarshakudu avadame kaaka bahiranganga prabhutwaanni vimarshinchadu khomeni. samvatsaraalakaalam khaidu cheyabaddaadu 18 loo khomeni vidudhala cheyabadina taruvaata khomeni bahiranganga uunited stetes prabhutwaanni vimarshinchadu. 1964shaw khomenini deshabahishruthuni Akola. khomeni modhatisaarigaa teebet cry ataruvata iraq ataruvata fraams cheeraadu. loo oily dharalu adhikarinchina samayamlo iranian videseemaarakam niluvalu varadalaa adhikarinchaayi.
1973amduvalana iranian dravyolbhana samasyanu edurkonnadi. loo iranian aardhikam rendankela dravyolbhanam samasyanu edurkonnadi. 1974desamlo bruhattara parisramalu aadhunikeekarana cheyabaddaayi. desamlo lanchagonditanam adhikarinchindi. iranean viplavaaniki dhaaritheesindhi. 1970-1975 ekanaamik reseshan nirodyagadamasya adhikarinchadaaniki dhaaritheesindhi. 1975-1976 aardhikaabhivruddi samayamlo millionla koddi yuvakulu iranian nagaralaku tarali nirmaanarangamlo panicheeyadaaniki vellaaru. 1970 loo veerilo atyadhikulu shaw prabhutwaanni vimarsistuu bahiranganga vimarsime vaari jaabitaalo cherukunnaaru. 1977 revalution taruvaata.
1979 viplavam taruvaata
1979 islaamik viplavam " gaaa varninchabadindi "viplavam.
loo shaaku vyatirekamga pradhaana vivaranalu taruvaata modaliendi 1978 iranean viplavam. iranean demanstrationlu arambham ayina ooka savatsaram taruvaata shaw deshabahishkarana , khomeni pravesam jarigaay , shaw teharan. ku paaripogaa khomeni iranianloo praveshinchaduloo iranian. 1979loo kothha prabhuthvam ruupomdimchabadimdiiranean republik referendam taruvaata.
aprel maasamloo iranian adhikarikamgaa islaamik republik ayindhi 1979 loo rendava iranean referendam dwara. 1979 islaamik republik af iranian " angeekaaram pondindi " athi tvaralo desavyaaptamgaa kottaprabhutvaaniki vyatiraekata talettindi.
kurdesh rebellian. 1979 khujestan tirugubatu, 1979 sistan, baluchisthan tirugubatu , itara praantaalaloo tirugubatu modalainavi talettaayi , taruvaata konni samvatsaraalakaalam tirugubatlu konasaagaai. kothha prabhuthvam islametara rajakeeya pratyardhulanu anichivetaku gurichesindi. neshanalistulu.
markistulu arambamlo islam prajalato kalisi shanu padagottaaru , taruvaata islam prabhuthvam lakshalaadhi mandini vadhinchindi. novemeber.
1979 na muslim studant follovers af dhi imam Jalor 4yu " yess dautyakaaryaalay |
am medha daadichesindi.mohd rage pahalavi iranian raavadaaniki maranasikshanu edurkonadaniki yu.
yess niraakarinchadamto.zimmy cartor iranian nirbandhamlo unna americanlanu vidipinchadaaniki chosen raazi prayatnalu
aapareshan igal cla viphalam kaavadam roonald reegan America adyakshapadaviki raavadaaniki kaaranam ayindhi, zimmy cartor chivari adhikaara dinum roejuna chivari nirbandhitudu vidudhala cheyabaddaadu. septembaru.
1980 na iraaki sainyamtho iranian loni khujestan medha daadi chesindi 22taruvaata iranian. iraq iddam arambham ayindhi- sadaam husseen sienyaalu arambamlo munduku chochuku poinappatiki. madya kalaniki iranian sienyaalu vijayavantamga iraaqi sainyaalanu tippikottaayi 1982 juulai natiki iraq sweeyarakshana chesukonavalasina parishtitiki chaerukumdi. 1982 iranian iraq medha daadicheyasankalpinchi anek prayatnaala taruvaata basra modalaina iraaqi nagaralanu vasaparachukundi. varku iddam konasaagindi. 1988 taruvaata iraaqi sainyamtho iraq loo unna iranian sainyaalanu odinchi sarihaddu varku tippikottindi. taruvaata khomeni aikyaraajyasamiti nirnayaaniki tala oggadu. yuddamlo. sainikulu maranhicharu 123,220–160,000 mandhi thappi poyaru. 60,711 pourulu maranhicharu. 11,000-16,000 iranian..
iraq iddam taruvaata- loo akbar hashemi rafstanjani 1989 aayana prabhuthvam vyapara anukula karyasadhaka vidhaanam sdhaapana cheyadanki drushtikendrikarincha, loo rafstamjaanini vennanti mohd khatami iranian samskaranha aaradsamto padavini alankarinchaadu. 1997aayana prabhuthvam deeshaanni athantha swatamtram cheyadamlo saphalata saadhinchadamlo viphalam ayindhi. iranean adyaksha ennikalu populist conservative abhyardhi mohd ahmadenejaadiini adhikaarapeetam adhinshtinchela chesay.
2005 iranean adyaksha ennikalallo ahmadenejadi.
. 2009 otlanu swantamchesukogaa pathyarthi miir 62.63% husseen- mousavi- otllatho rendava sthaanamloo nilichaadu 33.75% loo atyadhikamgaa akramalu jarigayani abhiyogaalu talettaayi. . 2009juun.
2013 loo mohd bagher ghalibaf 15 nu odinchi hassan rouhani adhyakshuduga ennukonabaddaadukothha adhyakshudu hassan rouhani itaradaesaalatoe iranian sambandhalanu abhivruddhi Akola. bhougolikam.
iranian
cha 1648195 ki.mee vaishaalyamtho prapancha.athipedda deeshaala jaabitaalo okatiga Pali 18 vaisaalyaparamgaa iranian dadapu uunited kingdam.
. fraams, germanylaku samaanam, alaage yu. yess state alaaskaa kante konchem adhikam.iranian.
degreela Uttar akshaamsam 24°-40° degreela turupu rekhaamsamlo Pali, 44°-64° vaayavya sarihaddu desaalugaa ajarbisen. armeniyaa (, Uttar sarihaddulo caspian samudram, eeshaanya sarihaddulo turkmenistan, turupu sarihaddulo paakisthaan, afghanistan, paschima sarihaddulo turqey, iraaknnaayi, dakshinamlo parsiagalf. oman unnayi, iranian loni iranian peethabhoomi caspian samudram nundi khujestan varku vistarimchi Pali.
iranian prapanchamlooni athyadhika parvathapraantham kaligina deeshalaloo okatiga pratyekata kaligi Pali. iranian bhubhaamlo kathinamaina parvatabhaagam adikyata kaligi Pali.
parvabhuubhaagam palu nadeepravaahaalanu. peethabhoomulanu okadaanito okati vaeruchaestuu umtumdi, janashaandhrata adhikanga kaligina paschimabhoobhaagamlo caucasus parvataalu. zagros parvataalu, alborge parvataalu, idi iranian (loo athyadhika ettaina parvatasikharamvento parvatabhaagam adhikanga Pali) hindukhush paschima bhagamlo unna damavand parvatam eurasialo ettounabhoobhaagamgaa gurtinchabadutundi. iran uttarabhaagamlo jungles af iranian ani piluvabadutunna dattamaina varshaafhraaranyaalu unnayi.
toorpubhoobhagamlo dasht i kavir.
iranian loni ativisaalamaina adaari (dasht i lut vento adaari bhoobhaagam Pali), alaage uppuniiti sarasulu kudaa unnayi. athantha ettugaa unna parvatabhoogaalu yea bhuubhaalaku neee labhyam kaavadaniki adduga unnanduna ivi edaarulugaa maaraayi. caspian samudrateeramlo Bara maidaanabhuubhaagam Pali. percian samudrateeramlo chinna chinna maidaanaalu unnayi. vaataavaranam.
iranian caspian samudrathiram jungles af iranian venta vaataavaranam adaari vaataavaranam leka semi arid nundi vupa ushnamandala vaataavaranam umtumdi
uttarateeramlo aruduga ushnograta freezing sthaayikante thakkuvaga umtumdi alaage migilina samayaalaloe tadivaataavaranam umtumdi. veasavi ushnograta aruduga. degreela selsius daatutundi 29° varshapaatam.
varshika varshapaatam turupu maidaanamloo
angulaalu 680 paschima bhagamlo, angulaalu umtumdi 700 zagros praanthamlo ushnograta thakkuvaga umtumdi. ikda sheethaakaalamlo. degreela kante takuva ushnograta 0 adhikamaina himapatam umtumdi, madya. turupu bhagalalo podivaataavaranam umtumdi, ikda varshapaatam. angulalakante thakkuvaga umtumdi 200 veasavi.
veasavi ushnograta
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degreela selsius umtumdi 38° percian samudrathiram. guff af oman bhagalalo swalpamaina sheetaakaalam, athantha vaedi,theema kaligina vaataavaranam umtumdi, varshika varshapaatam. angulaalu umtumdi 135 vrukshajaalam.
jantujaalam , iranian
loo thodeluharinaala, adivi pandi, elugubantlu sahaa nakkalu, chirutapuli, eurasia linuux, nakkalu modalaina jantujaalam Pali, iranian.
loo gorrelupasuvulu, gurralu neetigedelu, gaadidalu, ontelu pempudujantuvulugaa pooshinchabadutunnaayi, nemali. vepakshulu, konga, graddha, falcons kudaa iranian stanika vanyapraanulugaa untai, iranian loni janthuvuloo antarinchipotunna asean chirutapuli okati.
dheenini iranian chiruta ani kudaa antaruu. viiti sanka. nundi taggumukam padutu Pali 1979 iranian loni asean simhaalanni antarinchipooyaayi.
va sataabdhapu aarambhakaalamlo caspian puli jiivinchi Pali. 20iran. loointernationale union far dhi conservation af nechur " rend list loni" jatula janthuvulu unnayi 20 idi iranian paryaavaranaaniki rahasya bediripu ani bhavistunaaru. iranean paarlamentu paryaavaranaanni alakshyam chesthu aparimithanga ganulu travvakaaniki. abhivruddhi panulaku anumati estunde, pranthalu.
bhoobhaagaalu,nagaraalu , iranian iranian praantaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi
iranian. prantaalugaa 31 oston (vibhajinchabadindhi) okkoka praantaaniki okkoka guvernor. ostandar (niyaminchabadataadu) praantaalanu kautiilugaa vibhajistaaru. counteelanu jillaalu. bakhsh (sab jillaalu), dehestan (gaaa vibhajistaaru) prapanchamloo nagaraprantam abhivruddhi chendutunna deeshalaloo iranian okati. iranian nagarapranta jansankhya. 1950-2002 nundi 27% niki chaerukumdi 60% aikyaraajyasamiti iranian.
loonatiki 2030 prajalu nagarapraantanivaasitulu autaarani anchana vesthundi 80% iranian ganankalanu anusarinchi dhesheeya valasaprajalu tehran.
2006-2007 isfahan, ahvaj, kwam nagarala sameepaalalo nivasistunnaarani anchana, iranian loni athipedda Kota.
iranian rajadhani tehran jansankhya, migilina peddha nagarala maadhirigaa tehran kudaa jasankhya sambandhitha samasyalanu edurkontunnadi 7,705,036. mussad jansankhya.
idi iranian peddha nagaralalo dveeteeyasthaanamlo Pali 2,410,800. idi rejavi khorasan rajadhani. idi prampanchamlooni shiyala pavitranagaraalalo okati. ikda.
imam reeza mandiram " Pali " prathi savatsaram imam reeza mandiram sandarsinchadaaniki. millionla yaatrikulu vasthuntaru 15-20 idi iranian paryaatakakendraalalo okati. iranian pradhaana nagaralalo.
jansankhya kaligina isfahan okati 1,583,609 idi isfahan praanthamlo. nakwash " i-jahan squware-Pali " nakwash. i-jahan squware prapanchavaarasatva sampadaga yuneskoo gurtinchindi-nagaramlo. va sataabdhaaniki chendina vistaaramaina islamiyah bhavanalu unnayi 11-19Kota chuttuu pranthalu abhivruddhi chendutunna kaaranaamgaa isfahan. iranian pradhaana nagaralalo janasankhyaaparamgaa mudava sdhaanaaniki cherindhi
isfahan mahanagara vaishaalyam. cha 1,430,353 ki.mee.iranian pradhaana nagaralalo.
jansankhya kaligina tabriz Kota naalugava sthaanamloo Pali 1,378,935 idi turupu ajarbisen praantaaniki rajadhaanigaa Pali. idi iranian rendava paarishraamika nagaramga Pali. modatisthaanamlo tehran Pali. varku tabriz iranian pradhaana nagaralalo rendava sthaanamloo undedi. 1960 idi munupati iranian raajadhaanulalo okati. kwazar rajakutumbam nivaasita Kota idhey. iranian sameepakaala charithraloo yea Kota praadhaanyata vahinchimdi. iranian pradhaana nagaralalo.
jansankhya kaligina karaj Kota aidava sthaanamloo Pali 1,377,450 idi alborge praanthamlo Pali. idi tehran. kuki 20mee dooramlo albore parvatapaadaala oddha Pali.ayinappatikee yea Kota tehran podigimpugaa umtumdi. iranian pradhaana nagaralalo.
jansankhya kaligina shiraj Kota arava sthaanamloo Pali 1,214,808 idi faars praanthamlo Pali. modati babilon samskrithiki yea praantaanni goppagaa prabhaavitam chesindi. cree. poo.va sathabdam puraatanakaala parsiyanlu ikda nivasistunnaaru 9cree. poo.va sataabdamloo viiru achamenind saamraajyamlo peddha raajyaalaku palakuluga unnare 6achamenind saamraajyaaniki chendina nalaugu raajadhaanulalo remdu. percipolys (pasargade, shiraj sameepamlo unnayi) achamenind saamraajyaaniki percipolys utsavakendramgaa undedi. idi adhunika shiraj nagaranaki sameepamlo Pali. loo. 1979citadel af percipolys " nu "yunasko prapanchavaarasatva sampadaga gurtinchindi aardhikam.
iranian prabhuthvam aadheenamlo oily
bruhattara parisramalu untai , grameena vyavasaayam. chinna taraha parisramalu , itara sevaasamsthalu prajala pivate yaajamaanyamloo untai , loo iranian z. 2014di.p.biliyanla amarican dollars. 404.1 talasari konugolu sakta. amarican dollars 17,000 prapancha Banki iranian. nu eguvamadhyataragathi aardhikasaktigaa vargeekarinchindi- va sataab |
damloo sevaarangam z.
21di.p.loo adhikabhaagaaniki bhaagaswaamyam vahinchimdi.taruvaata sthaanaalaloo ganula parisrama. vyavasaayam unnayi , dhi central Banki af islaamik republik af iranian.
" iranian abhivruddhi panulaku badyatha vahistundi " iranian karemseeki kudaa badyatha vahistundi. trade unionlanu gurtimchadam ledhu. udyogula niyamasam. rakshana badyatha vahisthunna , islaamik laber counsil " ku "mathram prabhutva gurthimpu Pali ganankalanu anusarinchi.
2013 millionla reals 487 amarican dollars (134 ganankalanu anusarinchi iranian)
1997 loo nirudyoogamundedi 10% streela nirudyoogam purushula nirudyoogam rettinpu undedi. loo.2006prabhutva aardhika pranaalika vyayam oily
41% sahavaayuvu utpatthi nundi labhinchagaa , pannuvidhimpu dwara labisthundhi 31% ganankalanu anusarinchi iranian. 2007 millionla videseemaarakam sampaadinchindi 70 indhulo. crudail ammakam dwara labhinchindi 80% iranean lotu budgett ooka charthraathmaka samasya. .
loo.
2010iranean ekanaamik refarm plan " ku "paarlamentu anumati labhinchindi samvatsaraala phri maarket prises. 5-utpatthi adhikarinchadam , social justices , kuprabhuthvam adducheptundi
prabhuthvam aardhika samskaranhalanu konasagistune Pali.
idi ayil sambandhitha aadaayam vaividhyamyna rangaalaku taralinchabadutundani suchisthundi. iranian biotechnolgy. nano teknolgy, aushadhatayaarii rangaalameeda drushtisaarinchindi , ayinappatikee jaateeyam cheyabadina banyad samshtha nirvahanha balaheenamgaa undadam dhaanini asaktataku guricheyadame kaaka samvatsaraala tarabadi pooti edurkonadamlo asafalam authundi.
prabhuthvam parisramalanu praivaeteekarana cheyadanki prayatnistundi. vijayaalathoo iranian lanchagonditanam. pootiki nilavaleka povadam modalaina samasyalanu edurkontunnadi , prapancha potilo iranian. deeshalaloo 139 va sthaanamloo undani anchana 69carr thayaarii. tramportation , nirmaanam sambandhitha vastuutpatti, gruhopakaranaalu, aahaaram, vyavasaya utpattulu , aayudhalu, oushadhalu, Datia saanketikata, vidyuttu petro chemicals utpattilo midle eest deeshalaloo iranian adikyata saadhinchindi, loo.
. 2012phud und agrikulture aarganyjeshan " nivedhikalu anusarinchi cherry " sou cherry, kukumbar, gherkn , kharjuram, vankaaya mokkalu, comon fig, pistachios, quins, walnut, puchchakaayalu modalaina utpattulalo prapanchadesaalalo modati iidu deeshalaloo iraancatigaa undani gurtinchindi , iranian vyatirekamga.
ekanaamik saankshanlu " pradhaanamgaa cruude oily medha ankshalu " (iranian aardhikaramgaanni debbateestunnaayi) ankshalu kaaranamgaa. loo amarican daalar 2013ku badhuluga riyal viluva patanam kaavadaniki kaaranam ayindhiku mundhu ooka amarican daalar viluva. 2013 reanlu undaga ankshalu taruvaata 16,000 reanlaku patanam ayindhi 36,000 paryaatakam.
iraaktho iddam kaaranamgaa iranian paryatakaram ksheeninchinappatikii taruvaata thaginantha kolukunnadi
loo. 2004paryatakulu iranian 1,659,000 nu sandarsinchaaruloo. 2009mallan paryatakulu iranian 2.3 nu sandarsinchaarumadya asiya republicula nundi paryatakulu adhikanga vasthunaru. eurapian union. Uttar America nundi , paryatakulu vasthunaru 10% iranian loni isfahan. massad, shiraj nagaraalu paryaatakulanu adhikanga aakarshistunnaayi , loo nirmaanarangam. 2000 comunication, industrie standers, vyaktigata sikshnha tiivramaina parimitulanu edurkonnadi , loo. 2003asean muslimulaku masshad 3,00,000 kwam , pavithra yaatraku (sandarsinchadaaniki turist veesaalu manjuru cheyabaddaayi) geramny. fraams, itara eurapian deeshaala nundi vaarshikamgaa archialogy pranthalu , smaarakachihnaala sandarsanaku organized tours dwara paryatakulu vasthuntaru , loo antarjaateeya ganankalanu anusarinchi paryata aadaayamlo iranian. 2003va sthaanamloo Pali 68yuneskoo ganaankanu anusarinchi. most turist couuntries " 10 loo iranian okati ani theliyajesthunnaayi "dhesheeya paryaatakamlo iranian prapanchamloo modatisthaanamlo Pali. prachaaramlo balaheenatha rajakeeya astirata prampanchamlooni konni praantaalaloo prajalalo apoha. paryaatakaramgamlo pranalikala balaheenatha iranian paryatakaranganni balaheenaparustundi, vidyuttu.
iranian sahaja vayu vanarulalo prapanchamloo dviteeya sthaanamloo Pali
modati sthaanamloo rashyaa Pali. iranian sahajavayu pramaanam. trillian cubic meters 33.6 sahaja vayu utapattilo iranian mudava sthaanamloo Pali. modati remdu sthaanaalaloo rashyaa. indonesan unnayi, oily niluvalo iranian. va sthaanamloo Pali 4 barrell oily niluva untundani anchana. 153,600,000,000 iranian. chamuru egumatulalo oa, p.i.sea.deshaallo kella dviteeya sthaanamloo Pali. loo iranian. 2005biliyanla amarican dollars fuel dhigumathi chesukundi 4 loo okarojuku. 1975mallan barrell utpatthi jargindi 6 natiki saankethika lopam. 2000 maulika vasatula korata ka |
aranamgaa, loo oily utpatthi kaneesa sthaayiki digajaarindi 2005loo exploratory oily wells travvabaddaayi. 2005 loo iranian.
2004loo haidro alektrik staeshanlukoel, oily, fired staeshanlu adhikam ayyaayi - avi mothama. megawatla vidyuttu utpatthi chesay 33,000 vidyuttu utpatthi koraku. sahajavayuvunu upayogistundagaa 75% oily upayoginchabadutundi, 18% haidro alektrik utpatthi cheyabaduthundhi, 7% loo iranian modhatisaarigaa pavana vidyuttu. 2004geothermal utpatthi, modati solar vidyuttu utpatthi cheeyadam aarambhinchindi, gaas. tu- likvid teknolgy upayoginchina deeshalaloo iranian mudava sthaanamloo Pali- adhikaristunna parisramala kaaranamgaa.
vidyuttu avsaram adhikam ayindhani ganankaalu suchisthunnayi 8% neuclear. haidro alektrik plaantulu sthapinchabadam dwara, megawatla vidyuttu utpatthi lakshyanni cheralani iranian aasinchindi 53,000 vidya.
iranian
loo vidya adhikanga kedreekrutam cheyabaddaayikao. " ejukeshan-12 misistry af ejukeshan" paryavekshanalo panichestundi " unnanatha nidya. ministery af sciencu reesearch und teknolgy " paryavekshanalo panichestundi " ganankalanu anusarinchi vayoojana aksharyata. 2008 loo idi 85%. 1976undedi 36.5% haiskool diplomo andhina taruvaata jaateeya vishwavidyaalayam praveshapareekshalo uttiirnata ayina taruvaata unnanatha vidyaku arhata pomdavacchu. iranean university entrems egzams. kaankar (idi yu), yess yess.Una.ti egjam lantidi.adhikanga vidyaardhulu. samvatsaraala 1-2 university " preperatioms- schoolpri- university- cheyadanki aasakti chooputhuntaaru " idi. genaral certificate af jyukeshan " bakalourate, ku samaanampri university corse poortichesina taruvaata vidyaarthulu pree university certificate sampaadistaaru. unnanatha vidya vaividhyamyna sthaayiloo diplomalanu andistundi.
rendusamvatsaraala unnanatha vidya taruvaata kardani. fackwa i deeploma (vidudhala cheyabaduthundhi) samvatsaraala unnanatha vidya taruvaata karsenasi. 4 byaachilar degrey (vidudhala cheyabaduthundhi) dheenini licoms ani kudaa antaruu. taruvaata. samvatsaraala anantaram karsenasi i arsad 2 mister degrey (vidudhala cheyabaditundi) taruvaata maroka pravesapareeksha taruvaata p. heh.di.dr degrey (vidudhala cheyabaduthundhi) vebometric ranking af world university." nivedika anusarinchi desamloni vishwavidyaalayaalalo tehran universitylu " va sthaanamloo Pali 468tehran university af medically simesses, va sthaanamloo Pali 612ferdosy university af massad, va sthaanamloo Pali 815madya iranian prachuranaa vyvasta. 1966- 2004 retlu abhivruddhi chendi haute putt groth 10 loo prathma sthaanamloo Palipratuta paristiti kinasaagite yess.
sea.imago anusarinchi.natiki parisodhanalalo iranian prampanchamlo 2018 va sdhaanaaniki cherukuntundani anchana 4loo yess.
2009yu.yess.i.linuux. aadhaaritha hetch - p.sea vidhaanam aerospace researchi institute af iranian dwara ruupomdimchabadimdi.surena.
robot 2 nu university af tehran inginiiring vidyaarthulu roopondinchaarudhi institute af electricals und electranics ruupomdimchina surena prapanchamlooni iidu pramukha robotlalo okatiga bhaavinchabadutundi. iranian biomedical simesses.
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looinstitute af biochemestry und biophysics " yuneskoo gurthimpu pondindi " loo iranean parisodhakulu.
2006somalic cells neuclear tramsfer " vidhaanam dwara tehran loni raayan reesearch senter " loo vijayavantamga cloning vidhaanam dwara ooka gorrenu srushtinchaarudavide morrison. ali khadem hussaini adhyayanam anusarinchi iranian stem cells reesearch prampanchamlo, atythama parisodhanalalo okati ani telustundhi 10 iranian nano technologylo iranian prapanchamloo. va sthaanamloo undani bhavistunaaru 15phibravari.
2009 na iranian 2loo tayaaruchaeyabadina upagraahaanniloo revalution 1979va vaarshikotsavam sandarbhamlo kakshyalo praveshapettaaru 30desheeyamgaa tayaaruchaesina upagrahaanni antharikshamlo pravesapettina deeshalaloo iranian.
va sthaanamloo Pali 7iranean neuclear proograam praarambhinchabadindhi.1950 eurid utapatti. neuclear fuuul cykil purtiga niyantrinchadamlo iranian prapanchamloo, va sthaanamloo Pali 7iranean parisodhakulu iranian velupala kudaa pradhaana parisoedhanaloo paalgontunnaaru. loo ali javan gaas lazer srustinchina parisoedhakulaloo okadugaa gurtinchabaddadu. 1960lotfi jadeh. fusey sett terafy " ni "kanipettadu iranean cardialogist thophy mussivand krutrima cardial pump. nu kanipetti abhivruddhi Akolasamyule rahber diabetic chikithsaa vidhaanam ruupomdimchaadu. strig theorylo iranean fysics saktivantamgaa Pali. iranean parisodhakulu palu parisoedhanaa pathraalanu prachurincharu. iranean. amarican yestring theorist kamran wafa edvard whitten - thoo kalisiwafa " whitten theorem- pratipaadinchaadu " augustulo maryam meerkhani mathametks unnanatha puraskara amdukunna modati iranean. 2014 modati mahilagaa gurtinchaba dindi, ganankaalu.
palu mathalu
sampradhaayalaku chendina prajalu nivasisthunna desam iranian, andarinee samaikyamgaa percian samskhrutilo bhaagaswaamyam vahistunnaru. sameepakalamgaa iranian jananaalasaatam |
gananeeyamgaa ksheenistuu Pali.
iranian saranaardhulaku abayam ivvadamlo prampanchamlo pradhamasthaanamlo Pali.
iranian. loomiliyankante adhikamaina saranaardhulu nivasistunnaaru 1 veerilo adhikanga afghanistan. iraq dheshaalaku chendinavaaru unnare, nundi iranean adhikaarulu yu.
2006 ene.hetch.sea.orr koraku panichesthunnaru.afghan adhikaarulu vaari swadesaniki panichesthunnaru. iranian ganankalanu anusarinchi.
mallan iraaneeyulu videsalalo panichestunnaarani bhavistunaaru 5iranean raajyaamga niyamaalanu anusarinchi iranian prabhuthvam prathi iranean pourudu social sekyuuritii.
retirement,nirodyogam, vruddhaayam, asaktata, vipattulu, aapadhalu, aaroogyam, vydya chikitsa, samrakshanaasevalu modalaina soukaryalanu kaligisthundhi, bhashalu.
prajalalo atyadhikulu paarseebhaashanu maatlaadutuntaaru
percian bhaasha iranian adhikarika bhashaga Pali. indo. eurapian- itara sampradhaayalaku chendina bhashalu kudaa iranian, loovaadukalo unnayi
dakshinha iranian. loo lurielawrie bhashalu vaadukalo unnayi, Uttar iranian. loni gilanmajandaran praantaalaloo gilaki, majandaraanii bhashalu vaadukalo unnayi, ivi percian. itara iranean bhashala yaasalatho cherchi maatlaadabadutunnaayi, ivi remdu poruguna unna koukasasian bhaashalato prabhaavitamai unnayi. kurdhisthan praanthamlo dani sameepapraantaalalo kurdhish bhashalu adhikanga vaadukalo unnayi.
khujestan. loo percian bhashalu vaadukalo unnayiadanamga gilan.
talush adhikanga vaadukalo unnayi, ivi poruguna unna azabaizan praanthamlo kudaa vistarimchi unnayi. turkic bhashalalo ajarbaijani bhaasha adhikanga vaadukalo Pali.
idi iranian adhikarika bhaasha percian bhashaku taruvaata sthaanamloo Pali. iraanee ajarbaijani.
khujasthani arabek bhashalu khujasthani arabbulaku vaadukalo unnayi, armain.
georgian, neo, aramiac bhashalu alpasakhyaaka prajalaku vaadukalo unnayi- sicasian bhaasha sicasian prajalalo vaadukalo undedi. conei palusamvatsaraala kaalam gadachina taruvaata prajalu itara bhashalaku alavaatupadina kaaranamgaa prasthutham sicasian bhaasha matlade prajalasankhya chaalaavaraku taggindi. bhaashaapraatipadika rajakeeyaala kaaranamgaa bhashaparamga janasankhyanu nirnayinchadamlo vaadoopavaadaalu unnayi.
adhikanga athyadhika vaadukalo unna prathma. dviteeya sthaanaalaloo unna bhashalu, percian (ajarbisen, gouravinchabadutunnaayi) sea. ai.Una world phaakt boq anusarinchi parsiyanlu.ajarbaijanlu 53%,khurdish 16%,majandaraanii 10%, gilakee, lurie 7%, arabek 7%, turchmeny 2%, balochi 2%, armanian 2%, georgian, neo, aramiac-chircasian bhaasha, untundani bhavistunaaru% sampradhaya prajalu.
iranian sampradhaya prajalasaatam gurinchina vaadoopavaadaalu unnayi
adhikanga prathma dviteeya sthaanaalaloo unna percian. ajarbaijani sampradaayalu gouravinchabadutunnaayi, iranean ganankaalu balaheenamgaa unnanduna dhi werakd phaakt boq aadhaaramga iranean bhashalu matladutunna proto. indo-eurapian-ethnolingstic prajalu, untaarani bhavistunaaru 79% percian prajalalo majandarani. gilaki prajalu, kurdish prajalu, 61%, lurie prajalu 10%, balochi prajalu 6%, unnare 2% migilina. loo itara sampradhaya prajalalo ajabaijanee prajalu 21%arrab prajalu 16%, turk 2%, men prajaluturkic prajalu, Bundi 2%, armanian 1% (talish, georgian, sicasian, assyrian prajalu, unnare) dhi liberery af congresses kontha vyathyaasamaina anchanalu.
percian prajalu: majandaraneeya (gilki, talsh, ajabainaneeyulu) 65%, khurdilu 16%, cureelu 7%, blochilu 6%, turkic girijanulu kwashkwai prajalu 2%, turkmeneelu 1%, iraneeyetara prajalu 1% aarmeniyanlu (georgianlu, assyrianlu, sikaashiyanlu, arabbulu, unnaran theliyajesthunnaayi) 3% percian pradhaana bhashaga unna prajalu. unnare 65% dviteeyabhaashagaa unna prajalu. unnare 35% itara prabhutwetara anchanalu anusarinchi percian.
ajarbousian prajalu dadapu werakd phaakt boq, liibrary af congresses suuchimchina sankhyaku sameepamlo unnayi, parisodhakulu. aarganyjeshan anchanalu yea remdu groupula anchanaalatho vibhedistunnaayi, vaari anchanalu anusarinchi ajarbaineeyulu. undavachani anchana 22-30% adhikamaina samsthala anchanalu. untundani suchisthunnayi 25% leka.
16% laalo Hansi vaastavamainaa ajabaineeyulu adhikasamkhyaloo nivasisthunna desam iranian Bara 30% matham.
chaaritraatmakamgaa iaran
loo achamenindpardhian, sassanid samrajyala paalanaloe jorashtrian matham aadhikyathalo Pali, sassanid saamraajyam patanamy muslimulu iranian. nu aakraminchhina taruvaata zorastrian sthaanamloo islam cherindhiprasthutham islam saakhalaina twelver. shia shaakhalu, unnaran bhavistunaaru 90%-95% nundi.
4% iraaneeyulu sunnii mataniki chendina 8% pradhaanamgaa khurdish (balochi prajalu, varu) migilina, prajalu muslimetara prajalu 2% veerilo cristavulu. percian yudulu, bahiyalu, mandianlu, yajeedulu, |
yarsanlu, jorastrianlu unnare, zorastrianlu iranian deesha puraathana mataniki sambamdhinchina varu.
iranian. loo zorastrian deerghakaalacharitra pratuta kaalamvaraku konasaagutundijudiyijaaniki iranian. loo deerghakaala charithra Paliviiru percian aakramita babiloniaku chendinavaaru. izral roopondichina taruvaata. izral viplavam taruvaata veerilo anekulu ijreluku taralivellaaru, 1979 sameepakaala ganankalanu anusarinchi prastutamlo iranian. looyudulu nivasistunnaarani anchana 8,756 iranian izral. ku velupala midle eest deeshalaloo yudulu adhikanga nivasisthunna desam iranian Barairanian.
loocristavulu nivasistunnaarani anchana 250,000 - 370,000 idi alpasankhyaakulalo adhikamani bhavistunaaru. iranean aarmeniyanlalo adhikanga assiruyanlu unnare. cristavulu. judaism, jorashtriyanlu, sunni muslimulanu adhikarikamgaa prabhuthvam gurtinchindi, viiriki iranian prabhutvamloo taginaanni sdhaanaalu rijarv cheyabadi unnayi. bahaa viswaasaaniki chendina prajalu iranian. loo athyadhika muslimetara prajalugaa unnareviiru adhikarikamgaa gurtinchabadaledu. loo hindus. 2010 mandhi unnare 39,200 va sathabdam nundi viiru vivakshaku guricheyabadutunnaru. 19viplavam taruvaata bahaayeelapai himsa adhikamaindi. 1979 himsalo pourahakkula niraakarana. swatamtram, unnanatha vidyaku anumati niraakarana udyoganiyaamakaala niraakarana bhaagamgaa unnayi, iranian prabhuthvam matetara ganamkala vidudalaku vyatirekamga Pali. naastikulalo adhikanga iranean amerikanlu unnare. samskruthi.
iraanee samskruthi prapamcham loni prachina samskrutullo okati
asalau.iranian 'aney padm' aayiryaana 'anu padm nundi udhbhavanchindi' iraaneeyula sampraadaayala ku.bhartia sampradaayalaku daggari polika Pali,varu agni upaasakulu.varu kudaa upanayanaanni poelina ooka acharanni patistaaru.dheenini batti vaari puurvikulu kudaa aryule nani paluvuru charithrakarula Dumka.annii prachina naagaritatala valene.
percian nagarikataku kudaa samskrute kendra bindhuvu, yea nela yokka kala. sangeetam, shilpam, kavitvam, tatvam, saampradaayam, aadarsaale prapancha viphaneelo iraaniyanlaku garvakaaranamu, iraanee prajalu thama nagarikatha aatupotlanu tattukoni vaela samvatsaraala paatu manugada saaginchadaaniki dani yokka samskrute ekaika pradhaana kaaranamani bhaawistaaru. aarambhakaala saskrutika adharalu.
namoodhu cheyabadina aarambhakaala iranian charithra dhiguva paleolithic sakam
lover paleo lithic (nundi labisthundhi) prapanchamloo iranian bhaugoollika.
samskruthika adikyata kaligi Pali, iranian paschimapraantam pratyakshamgaa griice. mesedonia, italii, Uttar iranian, loo rashyaadakshinha iranian, loo armeniyaa dvepakalpamdakshinasiya, turupu asiya samskrutulato prabhaavitamai Pali, kala.
vividha pranthalu
kaalaalalo iranean kalalu palu vaividhyamyna sailikaligi untai, vividha riithi kalala muulaamsaalu okadaanito okati sambadhitamai untai. iranian kalaloo combination maroka pradhaanamiena amsamgaa umtumdi.
pratyekamgaa iranean methology sambandhitha human. Jhirka rupala misritamaina amsaalatoe kalareetulu roopondinchabadutuntaayi, iranean kalaalalo palu vibhagalu untai.
indhulo nirmaanakala. naeta, mrunmayapaatralu, andamina dasturi, lohapu pania, raatisilpaalu bhaagaswaamyamvahistuu untai, median.
achamenind saamrajyaalu vidichivellina kalaasamskruti taruvaata kaalaalo janinchina kalalaku aadhaarabhootamai unnayi, pardhian kala iranean. hellemstic mishrita kalaaruupamai umtumdi, yea kalaku raajarika vaeta yatralu. pattaabhishekaalu aadhaaramai umtumdi, sassanid kala eurapian.
asean mishrita medival kalaloo pradhaanapaatra vahistundi, idi tatuvaata medival kalanu islam prapanchamloki teesukuvachindi. islaamik prachina bhaasha. sahityam, nyaayameemaamsa, aarambhakaala islam taatvikata, islaamik vydyam, islaamik nirmaanakala, sciencu kalisina sassanid kalaaruupamgaa marindi, utsaahapuuritamaina samakaaleena adhunika iranean kala.
nundi prabavam chuuputundi1940 loo tehran. 1949loo mohd jaavaed poursahacharula chetha, apadaana gallery " nirvahinchabaduthundi " loo marcos gregorian iranian modarn art nu prabalam Akola. 1950iraniani tiwasi naeta. kanshya yugam " kaalam nundi konasaagutundi " iranian kalaloo idi praamukhyata kaligi Pali. prampancha corpet tayaareeloo. chetito nesina tivaaseelanu egumati cheyadamlo iranian pradhamasthaanamlo Pali, prapancha tiwasi egumatulalo iranian. bhaagaswaamyam vahistundi 30% iranean croun jewels thayaarii antarjaateeya praamukhyata santarinchukundi. nirmaanasaili.
iranee nirmaanakalaacharitra cree
poo.va sataabdamloo arambham ayindhi 7iranianlu modhatisaarigaa ganitham.
jamentry, jyootisham nirmaanakalaloo praveshapettaaru, iranean nirmaanaalu unnatapramaanaalu kaligina nirmaanam. saundaryam misritamai umtumdi, kramamga puraathana sampradaayalu. avubhavaala nundi |
velupalaku vacchindi, iranean nirmaanakala samaikyamgaa antariksham chihnalu muulaamsaalugaa kaligi umtumdi. . iranian puraathana nirmaana avasheshaalu adhikanga kaligina deeshalaloo antarjaateeyamgaa.
va sthaanamloo Pali 7yinesco gurtinchina iranian puraathana nirmaana avasheshaalu antarjaateeya paryaatakulanu adhikanga aakarshistunnaayi. sahityam.
iranian sahityam prampanchapu puraathana saahityaalalo okatiga gurtinchabadutundi
iranian sahityam avesta. jorashtrian sahithya kavitvam kalaniki chendinadigaa bhavistunaaru, iranean sampradhaya sahityam.
sciencu, metafisicsulalo kavitvam upayoginchabadindi, percian bhaasha kavitvam ruupomdimchi badhraparachadaaniki anukuulamainadigaa Pali. idi prampanchamlooni nalaugu pramukha saahityaalalo okatiga bhaavinchabadutundi. percian bhashalu iranean peethabhoomi dwara chainaa nundi siriyaa.
rashyaa varku vaadukalo unnayi, iranian. loo roomeeferdos, haffez, saadii shiraj, khayyum, nejameeganjami modalaina pramukha kavulu unnare, iranean sahityam jiyote.
thoreu, raalph waldo emmerson modalaina rachayitalanu akarshinchindi, taatvikata.
iranean taatvikataku
indo " iranean- muulangaa Pali " dheenini zorastrian bodhanalu iranian tatvasaatram medha athantha prabavam chuupaayi. auxfurd diktionary af phiilosophy anusarinchi vishayacharitra.
twatvasastram indo, iraaneeyulatho prarambham ayindhani bhavistunaaru- idi cree. poo.lalo sambhavinchindani bhavistunaaru 1500 auxfurd diktionary. jorashtra thathvashastram yudulu " platonism dwara paschimadesaalalo pravesinchindani bhavistunaaru , bhartia vedalu.
iranean avestaalaku puraatanakaalam nundi sambandhaalu unnayani bhavistunaaru , vedalu. avesta remdu pradhaana taatvikasaatraalugaa gouravinchabadutunnaayi , ivi aadhaarabhootamaina vyatyaasamto ruupomdimchabaddaayi. viswamlooni maanavula sthiti. sangham sambandhitha samasyalaparishkaaramlo maanavulapaatranu theliyajesthunnaayi , sairat silimdar. manava hakkula praarambha roopam " ani bhavistunaaru " ivi maanavulalo udayinche prasnalaku. aalochanalaku samaadhaaname thathvashastram ani bhaavinchabadutundi , thathvashastram achamenind saamraajyamlooni jorashtrian pathasalalalo. jarathustra " paerutoe thathvashastram bodhinchabadindi" jorashtrian paatasaalalo aarambhakaala vidyaarthulu jorashtrian matasiddhaantaalanu aveston bashalo adhyayanam chesaru. veetilo shkand. gumanic- vichar - dankard, jatspram modalaina grandhaalu avesta, gathas laku aadhaaragrandhaalugaa unnayi, puraanhaalu.
iranean puraanaalaloo iranean jaapadasaahityam
gaathalu misritamai untai, avi devatala girinchi manchi. chedu kaaryaala phalithaalanu vivaristuntaayi, alaage goppa kaavyanaayakulu. adbhutaalanu vivaristuntaayi, puraanhaalu iranian samskrutilo pramukhapaatra vahistuntaayi.
caucasus. anatolia, madya asiya, pratuta iranian kalisina grater iranian andulooni ettaina parvatasreni iranian puraanaalaloo pramukhapaatra vahisthunnaayi, ferdos virachita shahnameh gramtham iranian puraanasaahitya grandhaalalo pradhaanamainadigaa bhaavinchabadutundi.
andhulo zorastrianism sambandhitha vistaaramaina paatralu. kadhanaalu chotuchesukunnayi, deeniki avesta. denkad, bundahishn aadhaaramga unnayi, pandugalu.
jaateeya dinaalu , iranian
loo muudu adhikarika calanderlu vaadukalo unnayiveetilo pradhaanamainadi solar hijri calander. antarjaateeya calander. gaaagregarian calander " vaadukalo Pali " idi kraistava pandugalaku aadhaaramga Pali. alaage islaamik calander islaamik pandugalaku aadhaaramga untai. iranian jaateeya varshika parvadinaalalo.
nauraj " pradhaanamainadi " puraathana sampradaayaaniki gurthugaa idi marchi. na jarupukumtaaru 21idi kottasamvatsara aarambhadinamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi. dheenini vividha mataalaku chendina prajalu aanandamgaa jarupukumtaaru.
ayinappatikee idi jirashtrianla panduga. idi maanavatvaaniki. mister pease af oral und intanjible heritage af humanity "agocharamaina uhaatmaka human vaarasatvam " (bhaavinchabadutundi) idi percian kottasamvatsaramgaa pariganhinchabadutundi. loo yuneskoo anusarinchi.
2009iranian itara jaateeya dinaalu:
shaharshambi suurii
nauruz ku mundhuga jarupukune pavithra agni : athar (utsavam) dheenini nauruz ku mundhu jarupukumtaaru. indhulo tapasulu kalchadam. fire jumping vento kaaryakramaalu untai, sizdah bedar.
illu vadili prakrutito aikyam kaavadam: dheenini kottadamvatsaram. va roejuna epril 30 na jarupukumtaaru 2yalda.
samvatsaramlo athi deerghamaina ratri: dheenini. ivi af winter solistise " antaruu " kavitva patanam. puchhakaaya, dhaanamma, mixed nuts modalaina dhesheeya pandlanu tinadam vantivi jarupukumtaaru, tirgan.
idi veasavi madya dinum : tishtryanu gouravistuu jarpukuntaaru. dheenini tir masam. juulai (na 4jarupukumtaaru) neetini challukuntu kavitvam pathistuu soul. jard- spinach suup vento sampradhaya aaharaalu timtuu jarupukumtaaru, mehrgon idi varshika aakuraalu kaala utsavam.
mithraanu gouravistuu dheenini jarupukum |
taaru. dheenini mehar masam. aktobaru 16 (na kutunbam antha cry table medha teepi padardhalu 8) puulu, addam petti jarupukumtaaru, sepandarmajgan.
amesha spenta : pavithra bakthi (gowravaartham jarupukumtaaru) panduga sandarbhamgaa bhaagaswaamulaku bahumatulu andajesukuntaaru. dheenini eesfand. na 15phibravari (na jarupukumtaaru 24) pandugalu.
jaateeya parvadinaalatoe vaarshikamgaa ranjaan
eedh, all-fitr-dee af asura, ruj i asura (muslimula pandugalugaa jarupukumtaaru) chrismas. lent, selle i ruje (ishter pandugalanu christians pandugalugaa jarupukumtaaru),, puurim. passover, eedh i fatir (tuu beeshwat pandugalanu yudulu jarupukumtaaru), sangeetam.
iranian puraathana sangeetaparikaraalaku puttillu
cree. poo.va mylenianiki chendina sangeeta parikaraalu iranian 3 loo puratatva parisoedhanasaakha nirvahimchina thravvakaalalo labhinchayiiranianlu niluvu. .
addam, koonaalatoo unna sangeetaparikaraalanu madaktu, kul, i-farah sameepamlo kanugonabaddaayi- ikda peddha ettuna elamite parikaraalu namoodhu cheyabaddaayi. assyrian praantalalo palu harps namoodhu cheyabaddaayi. assyrian praantaalaloo palu niluvu harps chithraalu unnayi.ivi cree. poo.natiki chendinavani bhavistunaaru. 865-650 xenophon sairopadia.
" vidhaanam anek mandhi strilu kalisi paadae sangeetaprakriyagaa bhaavinchabadutundi " viiru achamenind sabhalo keertinchabadindi. achamenind chivari raju athenius af naukratis raajyaalalo. artasata, cree (poo.sabhalaloe yea procedure vaadukalo Pali 336-330) gayaneemanulanu mesedonia sainikaadhikaari paramenian patti techhaadani bhavistunaaru. pardhian saamraajyamlo okavidhamaina kaavyasangeetamlo yuvataku sikshnha ivvabadindi.
jaateeya kavya chithraalu. puraanhaalu, shahnameh " ferdos prakriyalaloo pratibimbeemchaayi , sassanid sangeetam.
sassanid sangeetam charithra gerashtrian rachanalaloo kanipistunnayi
idi aarambhakaala sassanid charithraloo namoodhu cheyabadindhi. sassanid raajasabhalalo khosro sangeethaprakriya pooshinchabadindi. indhulo rantin. banshad, nakisa, ajad, sarkash, barbad vidhaanaalu untai , konni iranean sampradhaya sangeeta parikaraalalo saz.
tar, dother, setar, kamanche, harp, barbat, santur, tambur, kwanan, dap, tambac, naa pradhaanamgaa unnayi , adhunika sangeetam.
loo
1940 modati naeshanal music ccity raahollah khaleghi " sthapinchabadindhi " idi. loo 1949 schul af naeshanal music " paerutoe sangeeta paatasaalanu sthaapinchindi " iranian pradhaana archestralo.
iranian naeshanal arkestra " dhi melal arkestra " tehran symphoni arkestra bhaagamgaa unnayi , kwazar sakamlo iranean paap music veluguloki vacchindi. loo viguian. 1950 king af paap und jazz(pradarsakudu" paap gayakuduga keertigadinchaadu) loo iranean sangeethaprapanchamlo sambhavimchina viplavamathmaka maarpu sambhavimchina samayamlo iranean paap music swarnayugam arambham ayindhi. 1970stanika sangeetaparikaraalaku adhunika alektraanik gitar vaadukaloeki vacchindi. yea samayamlo hayedeh. faramarj aslani, farahad mehrad, googush, ebi modalaina sangeetakaarulu pramukhakalaakaarulugaa unnare, iranean rock
iranean hip haap praveshinchina taruvaata yuvatha paata sangeetaprakriyanu vidichi kottapanthaanu anusarinchadam modaliendi, taruvaata iranian sangeetaprakriyalalo kothha sangeeta vidhanala prabavam chuupaayi.
thiatre.
iranian thiatre samskruthi puraatanatvankagi puraathana charithratho mudivadi Pali
tepe siac. tepe mousian modalaina charitraku puurvamnaati praantaalaloo nrutyasambandhita aarambhakaala adharalu labhinchayi, kaavyalalo varninchabadina utsava kaala vedikalalo.
soug i sivash (mogkhoshi, nruthyaalu) natana sambandhitha vishayalu thiatre saskrutiki arambham ani bhavistunaaru, iranean puraanarachanalaina herodotos. xenophon lalo iranean nruthyam, thiatre gurinchina varnanalu chotuchesukunnayi, iranian chalanachithraalu prramrambhaaniki mundhu palu kalaaprakriyalu ruupomdimchabaddaayi.
veetilo xeme shamb baji. pappetariu (saaye baaji), tholubommalu (roo), hauji- haasa natakaly (tajiye), saaro naatakaalu (modalainavi pradhaanamienavi) roshtamnd soharb kavya aadhaamgaa roopondinchabadina roshtam und sohab. shahaname (pratuta iranian adhunika natakaranga pradarsanaku ooka udaharanaga cheppavacchu) cinma.
animation , iranian charithraloo vishayul praatinidhyaaniki udaaharanalu
persepolys bass releaf kalaniki chendinavi " cree (poo.puraathana achamenind saamraajyaaniki persepolys utsava kendramga Pali. 500). sassanind sakamlo iranean vishyul aarts sikharaagram cherukunnai.
yea samayamlo takwe boston. loo abasreleaf nundi chitreekarinchina vetadrushyaalu unnayi - yea kalaniki chendina ituvante kalaruupalu adunaatana vidhaanaalaloo athyunnatha pramaanaalatoe roopondinchaddaayi. ivi chalanachitraala clospe drhushyaalaku muulangaa undavachani bhavistunaaru. veetilo gaayapadina adavipandi vaeta prantham nundi thappinchukuni povadam chitrikarinchabadindi. va sathabdam arambamlo.
20samvatsaraala charithra kaligina 5 ch |
alanachitra parisrama iranian loo pravaesinchindimodati iranean chalana chitra nirmaataa. mirza ebraham khan akkas bash " adhikarika chayachitrakarudu kwazar ", chendinamozapher adh din shaah kwazar " mirza ebrahim khan " . " loo tehran " 1940loo modati cinemathiyetarunu praarambhinchaadutaruvaata russi khan.
ardashir khan, ali vakil , tehran " loo sarikotha theaterlanu praarambhinchaaruprarambham varku tehran. 1930 loocinma theatres itara praantaalaloo 15 theatres praarambhinchabaddaayi 11 loo modati iranean mooki chitram.1930professor ovams ohanian " chetha nirminchabadindi " modati. loo sabdhasahita chalana chitram 1932lory girl " abdol husseen sepanta chetha nirminchabadindi" loo iranean chitrarangam gananiyamaina abhivruddhi chendhindhi.
1960vaarshikamgaa. chithraalu nirminchabaddaayi 25 dasaabdham chivaraku vaarshikamgaa. chithraalu nirminchabaddaayi 65 athyadhika chithraalu mello drama. thrillar kathaamsalu kaligi unnayi, kwaysar. dhi kou, chithraalaku masoud kimiyai, darish mehruj, loo darsakatvam vahinchaadu 1969yea chithraalu chitrarangamlo vaari pratibhanu etthi chuupaayi. loo chitrotsavam golrizan festival nirvahimchabadimdi. 1954idi. loo nirvahimchina sepas festival 1969ku maargadarsakamgaa Paliyea prayatnalu.
tehran world festival vijayaaniki kaaranam ayyaayi 1973 taruvaata kothha prabhuthvam chitranirmaanaaniki kothha chattaalu.
1979 pramaanaalu nirnayinchindhi, iranean chalanachitraalalo kothha sakam prarambham ayindhi. khosro sinai taruvaata abbas kairostami. clospe (cinma
jaffar panahi vento darshakulu parichayamie prajalaku aaraadhaneeyulu ayaru), loo aayana. 1977tast af cherry " chitram koraku palme d " ohr'award amdukunna taruvaata prapanchachitrarangaaniki iranian chitraalagurichi avagaahanakaligindi" cames philim festival.
venis philim festival, berlin philim festival modalaina antarjaateeya vedikalalo iranean chithraalu nirantharaayangaa pradarsinchabadina taruvaata iraanchitraraajaalu prapamcham drhushtini aakarshinchaayi, loo.2006vaividhyamyna Gaya kaligina iranean chithraalu berlin fillm festival 6 loo pradar sinchabaddaayiiranian chitrarangamlo idi charithra srushtinchindani vimarsakulu abhipraayapaddaru. pramukha iranean dharshakudu asghar farhand. breast farrin langyuage " koraku golden glob awardee " akaadami avaardunu andukunnadu, loo taime magajin prampanchamlooni. 2012pratibhaavantulaina vaariloo okadugaa asghar farhand 100 nu paerkonnadipuraathana animation recordulu cree.
poo.maileyaaniki chendinavi 3 aaganeya iranian.loniburnt citylo " vandala puraathanamaina "5,200 erten globlet " okati kanugonabadindi " animation. ku prapanchamlooni puraathana chihnalalo idi okati anibhaavistunnaaruloo adhunika iranian.1950 loo animation kala abhyasinchabadutundidasaabdhaala iranian animation thayaarii. 4 muudu dasaabdhaala anubhavam unna , conoonninstitue " tehran internationale animation festival ", loo nirvahimchabadimdi 1999 prathi remdu samvathsaralaku. desalakante adhikamaina deeshaala nundi pratinidhulu yea utsavaaniki haajarouthuntaaru 70 idi iranian. nu athipedda animation markettuga marchindhicinemalu.
baraon
childron af heven
dhi sales
mandhi cyclist
dhi apple
prabhuthvam
rajakiyalu , islaamik republik af iranian rajakeeyavidhaanam
iraj raajyaamga vidhaanam 1979 prabhutva adhikakaarakaaryavargam anusarinchi umtumdi, iranian supriim leader islaamik nyaayavidhaanaala samrakshana. paryavekshan baadhyatavahistaadu, supriim leader aarm forsla comander undi sainyamtho.
intellisms, rakshana badhyathala nirvahanha, iddam, shanthi leka sandhiprayatnaalu nirnaayeedhikaaram kaligi vuntadu, nyayaadhikaaram. rdi, talivition networks, plays, milataree commanding baadhyatavahinchadaaniki guardian counsil, sabhyulalo 12 guru supriim leader
6 chee niyaminchabadataaruassembli exorts supriim leader ennika. tholagimpu adhikaaram kaligi untaruu, supriim leader taruvaata raajyaambaddhamaina adhikaarigaa iranian adhyakshudu vuntadu.
adhyakshudu.
adhyakshuni ennika
samvathsaralaku okamaaru umtumdi 4adhyakshudu tirigi marokamaaru Bara enuukonabadadaaniki arhata kaligi vuntadu. adyaksha padhaviki potichevaaru gardiankounsil anumati pondavalasina avsaram Pali.
adhyakshudu rajyangam amalu. nirvahanaadhikaaraalu, surpim leader adhikaaraalaku ateetam (kaligi vuntadu) mandhi upaadhyakshulu adhyakshuniki sahaayamgaa panichestaaru. 8 iranian legislature unickemaral baadi ani piluvabadutundi. iranian paarlamentuloo.
mandhi sabyulu untaruu 290 iranian paarlamentu antarjaateeya oppandaalu. dhesheeya budgett anumati modalaina baadhyatalu vahistundi, paarlamentu sabyulu. assembli sabhyulanu andaruu guardian counsil anumati pondavalasina avsaram Pali, guardian counsil.
loomandhi nyayaadhikaarulalo 12 supriim leader chetha niyaminchabadataaru 6 itharulanu iranean paarlamentu chetha niyaminchabadataaru. judicial cyst hd jyooristula neyaamakam chestad. counsil vito adhikaaram kaligi umtumdi.
chattam shariyaa. islaamik chattam (raajyaangaaniki anukuulamgaa lekunte adi par |
iseelana koraku tirigi paarlamentuloo pravesapettabadutundi), expediumsy counsil paarlamentu.
guardian counsil vivaadhaala aadesaadhikaaram umtumdi, alaage supriim leader salahamandaliga sevalu andistundi. praamtiya nagara counsil.
lokal city counsil (nu prajooting vidhaanamlo ennukuntaru) veerini iranian. loni nagaraalugramalaku chendina prajalandaruu kalisi ennukuntaru, chattam.
supriim leader iranian judiciary adhyakshuni niyamistaadu
judiciary adhyakshudu supriim korat adhyakshudu. prosecuterlanu niyamistaadu, piblic koortulu sivil.
. kriminal caselanu parishkaristundi, islaamik revolutionary koortulu jaateeya rakshana modalaina caselanu parishkaristaayi. islaamik revolutionary kortula nirnayaalu antimamainavi ikda ichina tiirpu taruvaata marekkadaa appeel cheskovadaniki veelu undadhu. dhi special clerical koortulu cleric cases parishkaaram.
prajala vyaktigata caselanu parishkaristundi, special clerical koortulu swatantramgaa vyavaharistaayi. supriim leader Bara veetimeeda adikyata kalugi vuntadu. special clerical kortula tiirpu antimamainadi ikda tiirpu ichina taruvaata marekkadaa appeel cheyadanki veelu undadhu. assembli expertulu.
mandhi sabhyulanu 86 samvathsaralaku okasari otuhakkuto adyaksha 8 paarlamentu ennikalallo ennukuntaru, sabhyula arhatanu guardian counsil nirnayistundhi.
supriim leader. nu assembli ennukuntundiassembli eppudaiana supriim leader neyaamakam radduchese adhikaaram kaligi umtumdi. supriim leader nirnayalanu savalu chese adhikaaram assemblyki undadhu. tely comunication af iranian.
" teleekamunication nirvahanha chesthundu " dhi media af iranian prabhutva. privete yaajamaanyamloo panichestundi, pusthakaalu. chalanachithraalu, vidudalaku mundhu
dhi ministery af ershad " anumati pondavalasina avsaram Pali " iranian amtarjaala sevalu. nundi modalaiyyaayi 1993 iranean yuvathalo idi athantha aadarana santarinchukundi. videsi sambandhaalu.
iranean prabhuthvam adhikarikamgaa nyuu world aurdar sthaapinchindi
indhulo prapancha shanthi. global collective sekyuuritii, antarjaateeya samaikyarakshana (nyaayanirnayam bhaagamgaa unnayi), revalution taruvaata iranian videsi sambandhaalu annii remdu ansaalu pradhaanamgaa unnayi.
iranian. loo videsheeyula jokyannibahibhchrakimabhivruddhi chendutunna, aleena deshaalatho satsambandhaalu abhivruddhi chesukovadam pradhaanaamsaalugaa unnayi, nundi.2005 neuclear proograam af iranian " antarjaateeyamgaa vivaadaamsam ayindhi " iranian tana prathyarthulatho yuddhasamayamlo. pratyekamgaa izral medha (anvaayudha prayoogam cheyagaladannadi vivaadaamsamgaa Pali) iranian neuclear proograam. " anvaayudha tayaareeki daariteestundani palu deshalu aamdolana vyaktham chestunnayi " idi aikyaraajyasamiti aardika manjuureelanu nishedhinchadaaniki dhaaritheesindhi.
nundi idi iranian. 2009 nu migilina prapanchadesaalalo arthikamga ontarini chesindidhi yu. " yess.dirctor af naeshanal intellisms.iranian) nu anayudha thayaarii cheyaledaniloo velladinchindi 2013 dautya sambandhaalu.
natiki iranian akhyaraajyasamiti sabhyadaesaalaloo
2009 deshaalatho doutyasambandhaalu kaligi Pali 99 ayinappatikee uunited stetes. izral , thoo doutyasambandhaalu leavurevalution nundi uunited stetes.
1979 izral , iranian nu gurtinchaledujuulai.1945 na tehran 14p " neuclear reesearch prograamnu internationale autamic energy agimsi niyamaalanu anusarinchi kramabaddheekarana chosen taruvaata iranian5+1" medha vidhinchabadina aardika ankshalu tolaginchabaddaayi iranian z.
z -77, z -24, ai-15, Una.i.Una.ai., Una.b.orr.di.internationale development associetion., ai (di.Una.islaamik development Banki), ai (di.b.internationale finances corparetion), ai (epf.sea.internationale laber aarganyjeshan), ai (emle.oa.internationale manitary funded), ai (em.epf.internationale maritime aarganyjeshan), interpole, samshtha (islaamik sahakara samshtha), oa (ai.sea.oa, p.Una.sea.modalaina antarjaateeya samsthalalo sabhyatvam kaligi Pali., aikyaraajyasamiti. world health aarganyjeshan prasthutham world trade auganization oddha paryavekshan arhata kaligi unnayi, milataree.
islaamik republik af iranian remdu vidhaanaina seinika shakthini kaligi Pali
regular fores. loo islaamik republik af iranian armiislaamik republik af iranian air fores, islaamik republik af irannevi, armi af dhi gardiums af dhi islaamik revalution, lalokreeyaaseelaka brumdaalu unnayi 5,45,000 iranian. loorijarv dhalaalu unnayi 3,50,000 iranian.
loo paramilitary volunteer militia foresai (orr.gi.sea.Pali dheenini busige ani kudaa antaruu) indhulo. fully taime active unifam sabyulu untaruu 90,000 millionla sthree purusha busige sabyulu pilupu amdukunna taruvaata sainikasevalo palgonadaniki siddhangaa untaruu. 11 global srcurity aarganyjeshan anchana anusarinchi iranian ooka mallan purushulanu taralinchindani bhavistunaaru. world troupe mobilization.
loo idi atyadhikam ani bhavistunaaruloo iranian milataree koraku z. 2007di.pilo.tasari 2.6% (amarican dollars 102 vyayam chesthundu ) percian gulf deeshalaloo idi atyalpam. iranian milataree doctorin. deferems thierry " adhaaritamai Pali " loo milataree vyayam koraku iranian. 2 |
014biliyanlu vyayam chesthundu 15 iranian siriyaa.
iraq, lebonan, hezbollah (seinika caryalaku vaelakoladhi missiles) raaketlu andistuu maddatu estunde, nundi revalution videsi ankshalanu adhigaminchadaaniki iranian tana swantha milataree parisramani abhivruddhi chesindi.
1979 iranian swayangaa tyaankulu. armord personel carriers, gaided missiles, submerin, milataree wessels, iranean distroyer jamaran, gaided messile disaster (radar sistoms), helicaphterlu, fighter plains tayyaru chesukundi, sameepakaalamlo hoot.
missiles (couser), jelja, fatesh, shahab -110, shejjil missiles-3, itara swayam chodita baahanaalu, an mand areal vehikas (thayaarii girinchi iranian adhikarika prakatanalu chesindi) atyaadhunika basalic missiles. loo fajarem-3 (orr.v..okati)idi likvid fuel. thoo panichaesae misailidi desamlo tayyaru cheyabadi andinchabadindi. kridalu.
iranian janasankhyalo moodinta renduvantulu
savatsaraala lopuvaaru 25 iranian. loo sampradhayaadhunika kridalu aadabadutunnaayi, poto.
poto creeda janmasthanam iranian
idi iranian. loo percian bashalokaugan " pahalavani kosti", heroic mallayuddham (ani piluvabadutundi) phri strile wrestling. " sampradhayamgaa iranian jaatiiyakreedagaa gouravinchabadutundi " iranian naeshanal phri strile wrestling athetlu. " brudam olympique creedalaloo palgontaru " fut bahl.
iranian fut bahl
" iranian " loo praamukhyata kaligi creedalaloo okatiga bhaavinchabadutundiiranian naeshanal fut bahl teem. " moodumaarlu asean kup geluchukundi " vally bahl.
iranian creedalaloo praabalyata santarinchukunna creedalaloo rendava sthaanamloo unna creeda
volleyball " iranian mems volleyball teem ". " epf " 2014 ai.v.b.volleyball world leaguue. loo " va sthaanamloonuu 4epf, " 2014 ai.v.b.volleyball mens world champianship. loo " va sthaanamloonuu Pali 6alaage asean naeshanal teemlalo unnanatha phalitaalu saadhinchindi. parvataaroohana.
parvataalu adhikanga unna iranian parvathaaroohakulaku vaedigagaa Pali
iranian. heking rock climbing , parvataaroohana
laku anukuulamainadi sqiing resart.
iranian sqiing resortulaku nilayam
iranian loni. 13 ski resorts operate in Iran, thochal digin, shenshek risaartulu praamukhyata kaligi unnayi , ivi tehran. ku muudu gantala prayaanaduuramloo unnayithochal resart prapancha ettaina resortulalo. va sthaanamloo Pali 5ettuna Pali. ( basket bahl).
basket bahl iranian
loo praamukhyata santarinchukundinundi. 2007 iranian basket bahl teem " moodumaarlu epf " ai.b.Una.asiya chaanhiyan ship. nu geluchukundiloo asean games loo iranian asean games.
1974 ku aatidhyam icchindipaschimaasiyaadeesaalalo asean games. ku aatidhyam ichina modati deshamgaa iranian gurtimpunu pondindiaahaarasamskruti.
iranian aaharaalu vaividhyatanu kaligi untai
viiti medha porugupraantaala aaharavidhaanaalu vipareetamgaa prabhaavitam chuuputunnaayi. ookkoka prantham aaharaalu. vandevidhaanam, sampradaayalu Gaya vaividhyam kaligi untai , iranean aahaaram bhiyyam.
mamsam, kodi masam, chepalu, kuuragayalu , vellu, muulikalanu adhikanga vaadutuntaaru , muulikalanu adhikanga pluum, dhaanamma, quins, proones, appricats, modalaina pandlatho molakalanu cherchi teesukuntuntaaru iraaneeyulu saadharanamga saadaa yoghurt.
ooka vidhamina perugu (nu mdhyahna bhojam) ratri bhojanaalatho tintuuntaaru , iranian. loo yoghurt pradhaana aaharaalalo okatiga Paliahaaramlo samatulyata koraku suchasana cherchadaaniki kunkuma puvvu. yendina nimmakayalu, dalchina chekka, parsley , kalipi konni pratyekamaina vamtakaalanu vanduthuntaaru erragaddalu. tellagaddalu vantalatho cherchi vandutuu vatini vidigaa kudaa bhojanasamayalalo vaddistuntaaru , vitini sahajasiddhamgaa tarigina mukkalu. ooragaayaroopamlo bhojanam , upaahaaraalato andistaaru , iranian. lookavir " praamukhyata santarinchukundi" iranian kebinet.
loo mahilaludadapu muudu dasaabdaala tarwata tolisariga iranian kebinet
loo mahilhalaku chootu labhinchindidesaadhyakshudigaa varusaga rendosari baadhyatalu chepattina ahmadi nezad kebinet. loo ginakalajistu marjihae vahid dastjerdisaasanakarta faatime ajorlu (50), mahilalu (40) l tarwata iranian kebinet.1970loo streelaku chootu dakkadam idhey prathamamMadhya farokhro parsey chivari mahilhaa mantrigaa panichesaaru. 1968-77 loo islaamik viplavam anantaram avineeti aaropanalapai amenu paalakulu uriteesaaru. 1979eenadu.adhikarika prabhutva linkulu 17.8.2009
suuchikalu
Official site of the Supreme Leader, (Qom office)
Presidency of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Official website.
The Council of Guardians, Official website.
The Majlis, Iran's parliament. (2).
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
bayati linkulu
prapanchamloo iranian hycomition
News and Economy Portal
Encyclopaedia Iranica
Iranian Cultural & Information Center at Stanford University, California
Iran Travel and Tourism Guide
CIA World Factbook - Iran
The Dismal Reality of Ahlus Sunnah in Iran
Iran, The Persian Gulf - Iran in the Persian Gulf
embassy, consulate, rayabara karyalaya (l jaabithaa) asiya deshalu Iranian High Commissions, embassies and consulates
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percian sandhi deshalu
iranian
madhyapraachya deshalu
tajikistan adhikarika namam republik af tajikistan |
aamglam (tajak bhaasha : Tajikistan) (percian : Тоҷикистон), (puurvapu tajik soveit soeshalist republik : تاجیکی ) Madhya aasiyaaloni ooka deshamu, deeniki afghanistan. chainaa, kyrgyz stan, ujbekistaanlato sarihaddulu unnayi,, dakshinamlo unna paakisthaan. nu wakhan carridar vary chesthundutajikistan antey tajik l mathrubhumi ani ardham. madya aasiyaalo tajikistan parvatamayamaina bhuubandhita saarvabhoumatvaadhikaaram kaligina desam. ganankalanu anusarinchi jansankhya. 2013 millionlani anchana 8 jasankhyaaparamgaa tajikistan prapanchadesaalalo. va sthaanamloo Pali 98 deesha vaishaalyam. cha 143100 ki.mee.vaisaalyaparamgaa tajikistan prapanchadesaalalo. va sthaanamloo Pali 96tajikistan sampradhayamgaa tajik prajalaku stanika pradaesamgaa Pali. prasthutham desamlo tajikistan. aafghanisthaan, ujbekisthan prajalu nivasistunnaaru, pratuta tajikistan praanthamlo poorvam palu asean sampradhaayalaku nilayamga Pali.
tarjam nagaramlo neolithic. kaamsyayugam kalamnati prajalu nivasinchaaru, taruvaata tajikistan palu mataalaku. samskrutulaku chendina paalakulu yea praantaanni paalincharu, bactria. margiana- oxus samskruthi (andronovo samskruthi), buddhijam, nestorian christianity, joroyastrianism, manicheeyism modalaina palusamskrutulaku chendina paalakulu yea praantaanni paalincharu, yea prantham palu saamrajyaalalo bhaagamai palu raajavamsaala paalanaloe Pali.
timurid rajavamsam. rashyan saamraajyam yea praantaanni palinchayi, soveit union vichchinnata taruvaata. tajikistan swatantraraajyamgaa marindi 1991 madya kaalamlo tajikistan swatamtram koraku antaryuddhaanni edurkonnadi. 1992-1997 iddam chivara sthiramaina rajakeeya sthiti nelakonadame kaaka deeshaabhivruddiki avasaramaina videseesaahaayam kudaa labhinchindi. tajikistan nalaugu pranthalu kaligina ooka.
presidanishial republik " tajikistan loni ". millionla prajalalo atyadhikulu tajaki sampradaayaaniki chendina prajalu 8 viiru tajaki bhaashan. adhunika percian yaasalalo okati (maatlaadutuntaaru) rashyabhasha kudaa prajalalo adhikanga waa dukalo Pali. desamlo. bhuumii parvatamayamgaa umtumdi 90% deesha aardhikarangam adhikanga aluminium.
pattipanta medha aadhaarapadi Pali, desam z. di.p.prapanchadesaalalo. va sthaanamloo Pali 126konugolusakti prapanchadesaalalo. va sthaanamloo Pali 136peruvenuka charithra.
tajikistan antey
tajakeela bhuumii " ani ardam " sthan antey percian bashalo pradeesam ani ardam. tajakeelu islaamik puurvakaalaaniki. or "country"
va sataabdhaaniki mundhu (7chendina girijanulu ) liibrary af congresses.
1997 " tajikistan deshaadhyayanam tajik padm ardam telusukovadam kastham " va sataabdamloo madya aasiyaalo nivasinchina prajalu turkic. 12iranian prajalani annana wasn vivaadaamsamgaa Pali, charithra.
aarambhakaala charithra
yea praanthapu samskruthulu cree
poo.va sataabdhaaniki chendinavi 4veetilo kaamsyayugam. bactria, margiana archialogical- andrinovo samskruthi, sarajam, prapancha vaarasatvasampada (lu pradhaanamienavi)yea praantasambandhamgaa namoodhaina charithraloo praarambhakaalaanimi chendinadi cree. poo.samvatsaraala naatidani bhavistunaaru 500 kontamandi parisodhakulu cree. poo.shataabdaalu adhunika tajikistan 7-6 loo jaravsion loeya achamenind saamraajyamlo bhaagam kaakamundu kaambhojaraajyamlo bhaagamgaa unnayani bhavistunaarualegjaamdar yea praantaanni jayinchina taruvaata graeco.
buctirian raajyamlo-alegjaamdar taruvaata paalana (bhaagam ayindhi) Uttar tajikistan. khujand (panjakent, sogdialo bhaagamgaa undedi) cree. poo.loo nagara 150 rajyala kuutami skidhiyanlu- yuezhi nomadic girijanajaatula aadheenamlo unnayi, silk roddu yea prantham gunda nirminchabadindi. chainaa chakraverthy voo af han palana kaalamlo. cree (poo.anveshakudu jhang quian dandayaatrachesina samayamlo hahn saamraajyam 141) chainaa (sigdianala madya vyaapaarasambandhaalu undevi), sogdianlu yea praanthamlo vyavasaayam. vadrangi pania, glaass thayaarii, wood, carvers panluvyapara soukaryalu kaliginchadamlo pramukhapaatra vahinchaaru, usa.sha.va sataabdamloo cushion saamraajyam. 1yuezhi samudayakuutami (yea praantaanni aakraminchukuni) va sathabdam varku paalinchindi 4yea kaalamlo yea praanthamlo buddhijam. nestorian christianity, joroyashtrianism, maniyachijam aacharanalo undevi, taruvaata heptalit saamraajyam.
nomadic jaati kuutami (yea praantaaniki tarali vachcharu) va sathabdam aarambhakaalaaniki yea praantaaniki arrab prajalu islaamnu teesukuvachchaaru. 8taruvaata tajikistan prantham madya asiya. chainaa madya vyapara maargamga, islaamik pradhaana praantamgaa praamukhyata kaligi Pali, arrab palananu trosi sanid saamraajyam yea praantammeeda adikyata saadhinchindi.
taruvaata samarkhand. bhukara nagaralanu, prasthutham yea nagaraalu ujbexthaanlo unnayi (vistarimchimdi) ivi tajikistan samskrithiki kendramga maaraayi. taruvaata vitini teebet |
saamraajyam ataruvata chainaa. swaadheenam cheesukunnayi 650-680 yea praantaalanu tirigi arabianlu swaadheenam cheskunnaru. 710 kara. khandu khanate tramsocsanianu- andhulo adhunika ujbekisthan (tajikistan,dakshinha kirgosthsan,nairutii kazakhastan unnayi, swaadheenam cheesukuni) madya paalinchindi
999-1211 varu tramsocsanialo praveshinchina taruvaata iranean nundi vacchuna tarkeepaalakula prabavam madya aasiyaalo adhikarinchindi. kramamga kara.
khandilu yea praantamlooni percian- arebiyan muslim samskrutilo kalisipoyaru- va sataabdamloo janghis khan mangoli khawarejmia dandayatra taruvaata mangoli saamraajyam dadapu madya asiya prantham anthatinee thama adhinamloki teesukundi. 13dadapu ooka sathabdam taruvaata adhunika tajikistan jagatai kanate paalanaloki marindi. tamarlane timrud saamraajyasthaapana chessi.
va sataabdamloo yea praantaanni tanaswaadheenamloki teeskunnadu 14va sataabdamloo adhunika tajikistan bukhaaraaku chendina kanatela swaadheenamloki marindi.
16va sathabdam natiki kanetala paalana mugimpuku vachi yea prantham bakharaku chendina emiratulu. 18kanate kokand, l aadheenamloki cherindhiva sathabdam varku eepraantamloo emiratula paalana konasaagindi. 20ayinappatiikii. va sataabdamloo 19va prapanchayuddham samayamlo eurapian sakta 2rashyan saamraajyam (yea praantaaniki chendina bhuubhaalanu aakraminchadam praarambhinchindi) rashyan tajikistan.
va satabdhamlo rashyaa saamraajyavaadam madya aasiyaaloni bhuubhaagaalapai vision saadhinchadaaniki dhaaritheesindhi
19l madyakaalamlo rashyaa kramamga rashyan tajikistan prantham motham medha. 1864, 1885 bukhara emirate (kanate kokand adikyata saadhinchindi, rashyaa yea praantaaniki cotton sarafara cheyadanki aasakti choopindi. natiki yea praanthamlo dhanyam badhuluga patthi pandinchabadindi. 1870 yea vyuham tharuvaathi kaalamlo soviyatlu anukarinchi vistarinchaaru. natiki tajikistan prantham rashyaa leka rashyaaku chendina vassal raajyamlo bhaagamgaa Pali.
1885 emirates af bukhara prantham rashyaa prabhavanni anubhavinchindi. va sataabdamloo jadeedistulu yea prantham antataa islaamik udyamaaniki terateesaaru.
19adhunika bhaavaalukaligina jadeedistulu rashyapatla vyatiraekata chuupanappatikii rashyanulu yea udyamanni ooka bedirimpugaa bhaavimchaaru. madya rashyan brumdaalu kokanad kanatela vyatirekatanu tagginchi paristiti chakkadiddaalanukunnaa. 1910, 1913 juulailoo modati prapanchayuddhamlo balavantamgaa papaalgona chesinanduku pradarsanakaarulu khujand. 1916 loo rashyan sainikulapai daadi chosen taruvaata himsaatmakacharyalu adhikam ayyaayibadhuluga rashyan brumdaalu twaragaane pasthitini adupulooki teesukuvachchaaru.
ayinappatikee tajikistan. loni vividha praantaalaloo gharshnalu konasaagaaisoveit tajikistan.
loo rashyaatirugubaatu taruvaata madyasia antataa gorillaalu
1997basmachi (swatantraanni rakshinchukoovadaaniki bolshevic sainyalatho iddam chesaru) samvatsaraala yuddamlo bolshevic. 4 lu maseedulanugraamaalanu kalchivesi prajalanu anivetaku gurichesaru, soveit prabhuthvam loukika vaadaanni balaparustuu islam. judaism, kraistavamataavalambanalanu nirutsaahaparachadam leka anichivestuu poraatam praarambhinchaaru, yea poratamlo maseedulu. churchilu, sinagogyuulu moothapaddaayi, taruvaata sangharshanala paryavasanamga soveit sanghatitha vyavasaayavidhaanaala valana madya asiya.
tajikistan, pranthalu karuvutho peedinchapaddaayi caruvu paluvuru pranaalanu baliteesukunnadi. loo ujbekisthan.1924loo bhaagamgaa tajik atanimus soveit soeshalist republik ruupomdimchabadimdiloo tajik soveit soeshalist republik. 1929tajik yess (yess.orr.gaaa pratyeka republik ruupomdimchabadimdi) ayinappatikee sampradayaka tajik nagaraalaina samarkand. bukharalu ujbek yess, yess.orr.loo undipoyayi.madya dakshinapraantamlo sanghatitha vyavasaayam.
1927, 1934 vaegavanthamaina pattipanta abhivruddhi cheyabadindhi, soveit sanghatitha vidhaanaalu vyavasaayadaarulaloo vyatirekatanu adhikarinchi tajikistan. nu vadili itarapraantaalaku valasapovalasina paristhithiki nettayikondaru vyavasaayadaarulu sanghatitha vyavasaayaanni ediristubusmachi udyamaanni balaparichaaru. neetipaarudala prajektulu vistarana kaaranamgaa konni chinnataraha parisramalu abhivruddhi sadhyam ayindhi. maascow.
madya remdu daphaalugaa prakshaalhana karyakramalanu chaepattimdi 1927-1934, 1937-1938 falithamgaa tajikistan communistu paarteeki chendina annisthaayilaku chendina. mandhi bahiskaranaku guraiyyaru 10,000 bahishkaranaku gurainavaari sthaanamloo sampradhaya rashyaa prajalu pampabaddaaru. falithamgaa rashyaprajalu anni sthaayilalo adikyata sadhincharu. modati sekrataree padaviloe kudaa rashyanlu neyaminchabaddaaru.
madya tajikistan. 1926, 1959 loo rashyanula tharalimpunundi 1% adhikarinchindi 13% |
soveit sakamlo tajikistan communist parti modati sekrataree. gaaa panichaesina rajakeeyanaayakudu bobozan ghafurov Bara gurtinchatagina desheeyetara okeoka rajakeeyanaayukudugaa unaadu ( 1946-1956 ) aayana taruvaata tesun ulbajayev.
jabbor rasulfwe (1956-61), rahamaan nabiyev (1961-1982), yea padavini chepattaaru (1982-1985, 1991-1992) loo modati prapanchayuddhamlo tajakisthaaneeyulu nirbandhamgaa soveit sainyamloe neyaminchabaddaaru. 1939mandhi tajikisthaaneeyulu jarmani. 2,60,000 phinland,jjapan lato poraatam saaginchaaru, rendava prapancha yuddamlo. mandhi pourulu maranhicharu 60,000 (4%), 1,20,000 (4%). 15,30,000 iddam taruvaata stallin paalanaloe tajikistan. loo vyavasaayamparisramalu vistarinchabaddaayi, nikita cruschev virgine lands compajin soveit union loni itara repablikanla kante jeevanasthiti.
1957-1958 vidya, parisrama paranga venukabadi unna tajikistan medha drhushti kendrikarinchindi, aasamayamlo tajikistan talasari aadaayam athi thakkuvaga undedi. In the 1980s, Tajikistan had the lowest household saving rate in the USSR, alaage.
mandilo vishvavidyaalaya digreepuchhukunna vaari sanka kudaa thakkuvaga undedi 1000 natiki tajik jaateeyavaadulu adhika hakkula koraku poraatapilupunu icchaaru.
1980 varku vasthavamaina aatamkaalu leavu. 1990 taruvaata soveit union patanaavasthaku chaerukumdi. alaage tajikistan swatamtram prakatinchukundi. swatamtram.
desamlo aakasmaattugaa anataryuddham arambham ayindhi
antaryuddhamtho palu vargha garshanalu modalaiyyaayi. himsakaaranamgaa.
. kante adhikanga nivaasitulu pedarikam adhikarinchadam 5,00,00 paschimadesaalu, itara soveit republiculalo manchi udyogavakaasaalu desam nundi paaripoyaru, loo nevemberu ennikalallo abdumalic abdullajinov.
1992nu odinchiotla aadhikyatato odinchi emomalli rahamaan adhikaraniki vachadu 58% iddam muginpu taruvaata tajikistan purtiga dvamsam cheyabadina taruvaata ennikalu nirvahinchabaddaayi.
yuddamlo. mandhi maranhicharu 1,00,000 millionla prajalu desheeyamgaa. 1.2 porugudesaalaku aasritulugaa vellaaru, loo akhyaraajyasamiti jokyamtho rahamaan. 1997gerd di merram naayakatvamlo pratipakshapaartiila madya shanthi oppandam jargindi, oppandhamlo. uunited tajik apojishaaniki mantrivargapadavulu ivvadaniki avaksam kaliginchindi 30% tajikistan adhykshaksha ennikalu nirvahinchabaddaayi.
1999 ennikalallo rahamaan. otlatho vision saadhinchadam paripakshaalu 98% videsheeparyavekshakula vimarsaku lonaindi, ennikalallo rahamaan. 2006 thoo vision sadhinchi madavasari adhyakshapadavini alankarinchaadu 79%ennikalanu palu pratipakshaalu nirakarinchayi. 2006 aarganyjeshan far sekyuuritii und cooperation in iropa ennikalanu vimarshinchindi. commonwealth af independiente stetes paryaveekshakulu ennikalu chattabaddhamga. paaradarshakangaa jarigayani nirdhaarinchindi, loo o.
2010 yess.sea.i.rahamaan paalanaloe madhyamanni anachadam. teevramgaa semsar cheeyadam girinchi marinthagaa vimarshinchindi, tajik prabhuthvam tajak. videsi webb, saitlanu semsar cheeyadamprachuranaa samsthala medha pannunu adhikarinchadam chesthundu, swatanter varthapathrikalu.
prachuranaacharyalu himsaku gurautunnaayi, veasavi varku rashyaa sarihaddu dhalaalu tajik aafghanisthaan sarihaddulo nilupabaddayi.2005 septembaru daadi taruvaata phraans sainikadalaalu nato air aapareshan. 2001 ku madduthugaa dushanbeey air Portloo nilichaayiuunited stetes armi. uunited stetes marin dhaalaala adhikaarulu konni vaaraalapaatu samaikya sikshnha koraku appudappudu tajikistan, ku vasthuntaruloo bhaarathaprabhutvam dushan. 2010beku aagneyamloo unna ayni air beys punarnirmaana karyakramalanumillionla amarican dollars (70 chaepatti poortichesindi) adi prasthutham tajikistan pradhaana air beys. gaaa upayoginchabadutundiayani air beys upyogam girinchi rashyaa aamdolana chendutunnatlu konni matalu prachaaramlo unnayi. alaage rashyaa dushambe velupala bruhattara air beys.. nu nirvahisthundhiloo tajik jailla nundi.2010mandhi teevravaadulu tappinchukunna taruvaata adhikaarulu thoorpubhaagamloni islaamik matearilism girinchi aamdolana chendhaaru 25 taruvaata septembarulo rasht loeya oddha. mandhi tajik sainikulu teevravaadula daadiloo maranhicharu 28 maroka daadiloo.
mandhi sainikulu maranhicharu 30 gharam velupala jargina gharshanalo.
mandhi teevravaadulu maranhicharu 3 taruvaata. navambaruloe jargina manthrivarga samaveshamlo kendraprabhutvam turupu bhaganni aadheenamloki tisukuni rasht loeyaloe sainikacharya teesukonavalenani nirnayam teesukonabadindi 2010 juulailoo gorno. 2012 badakhshan garshanalu talettaayi- loo rashyaa tajikistan.
2015ku marinni seinika brundaalanu pampindhimee maasamloo tajikistan naeshanal sekyuuritii tiivramaina venukabaatuku guraindi. |
2015 rajakiyalu.
swatatram vacchina ventane tajikistan
loo anataryuddham modaliendirashyaa. iranian nepathyamlo palu vargasangharshanalu okaritoo okaru poraadukunnaaru, iddam kaaranamgaa parisramalalo niyaminchabadina.
. mandilo 40,000 mandhi rashyaaku paaripoyaru 25,000 loo iddam upasaminchindi. 1997loo jargina saantipuuritamaina vaataavaranamlo ennikala taruvaata tajikistan prabhuthvam ruupomdimchabadimdi. 1999adhikarika republik tajikistan adhyakshapeetaaniki.
paarlamentu sabhyulanu ennukoovadaaniki ennikalanu nirvahisthundhi, adikyata kaligina parti vidhaanamlo paalana nirvahinchabaduthundi. peeples demokratik parti af tajikistan. " varusaga paarlamentuloo adikyata kaligi Pali " emomalli rahamaan. nevemberu nundi adyaksha peethaanni alankarinchaadu 1994 kokhir rasuljoda pradhanamantri padavi badyatha vahinchaadu. matubkhan davlatov modati upamukhyamantrigaa murodali alimardan. rukwia kurbaniva sahaya upamukhyamantrulugaa unnare, paarlamemtarii ennikalallo pratipakshaalu.
2005 videsi paryaveekshakula nundi palu aropanalu eduraiyyayiyayi, adhyakshudu emomali rahamaan ennikala prakriyanu lanchaalanu ichi daarimallinchaadani aropanalu eduraiyyaayi. phibravarilo ennikalallo ruuling parti. 2010 p (di.p.ti.paarlamemtarii sthanaalanu kolpooemdhi) 4 ayinappatikee thaginantha majority saadhinchindi. arghanization far sekyuuritii und koo. " aapareshan in eurup- ennikala paryaveekshakulu yea ennikalu palu demokratik pramaanaalanu atikramichaayani bhaavinchindi" nevemberu.
The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people. 2006 ennikalanu pradhaanapratipakshaalu bahishkarinchaayi 6 tajik adhyakshudu.
iranian videshanga manthri samavesam taruvaata tajikistan songhai cooperation ennikalallo iranian sabhyatvaaniki tajikistan maddatu telipandi, patrikaasvatantraanika prabhuthvam adhikarikamgaa maddatu estunde. ayinappatikee patrikalameeda sharatulu vidhistuunee Pali. vaaa. " pease & institute nivedika anusarinchi tajik nyuss " farghana, centracia, praamtiya, videsi webb saitlanu nishedhinchabaddaayi ani theliyajesthundhi, patrikaavilekharulu vivaadaamsamaina vaartalanu andinchadaaniki aatamkaalu unnayi.
bhougolikam.
tajikistan bhuubandhita desam
alaage vaisaalyaparamgaa tajikistan madya aasiyaalo athichinna deshamgaa gurtinchabadutundi. idi Uttar akshaamsamlo. toorpurekha msham 36°, 41° N (a small area is north of 41°, Pali 67° - 75° idi pamir parvathaalatho nindi Pali. desavaisaalyamlo samudramattaaniki.
mee ettuna Pali 3000 dhiguva bhoobhaagam fargana coffernation loeya. wakhsh nadhiki, amu darya nundi pravahistunnaayi (dakshinha teeramlo Pali) dushambe coffernation loeya dakshinamlo Pali. amu darya.
punj nadulu aafghanisthaan sarihaddulo unnayi, tajikistan parvathaalalo unna glassierlu nadeejalaalaku pradhaana aadhaaramga Pali. ivi arrah samudramloo sangamistunnaayi. tajikistan.
looki 10mee podavaina nadulu.unnayi 900 palana vibhagalu.
tajikistan
loopalana vibhagalu unnayi 4 pranthalu. provims (viloyat ) ; (sughd) khatlan, swayam prathipathhi kaligina gornov, badakshan- z (b.Una.o.subordineshan republik),, prativibhaagam palu upavibhagaluga.
jillaalu (nohia) (rain, vibhajinchabadi unnayi) jillaalu jamoths. svayampaalita gramalu (gramalu), quashlokevis (ganankalanu anusarinchi). 2006 jamoth 367 lu unnayisarasulu.
desam vaisaalyamlo dadapu
sarassulatho nindi Pali 2% gurtinchatagina sarasula jaabithaa.
kerakkum rejarvaayar;
kerakkum (sughd) (iskanderkul)
fun parvataalu (kulikalon sarasulu)
fun parvataalu (neurek anicut)
khatlan (caracul)
tajikistan (turupu pamir parvataalu) (; sarej sarasu.
pamir parvataalu (shadau sarasu )
pamir parvataalu (jorkul)
pamir parvataalu (aardhikam )
soveit union
madya aasiyaalo athantha venukabadina republik tajikistan, prasthutham.
tajikisthaj z 47% di.p.videsalalo nivasisthunna tajikipourula nundi labisthundhi. tajikeelu adhikanga rashyaaloo panicheestuntaaru. (desam pratuta aardika paristiti balaheenamgaa Pali).
lanchagonditanam. asamaanamaina aardika samskaranhalu, aardika nirvahanaloo asamardhata, videsalalo panichestunna udyogula dwara andutunna dhanam. akyuminium, patthi ammakaladwara labhistunna videsi aadaayam tajikistan, ujbekisthan dheshaalaku sahakariga umtumdi, loo munupati antaryuddhamlo chinnabhinnamaina deshaparisthithi chakkadiddadaniki saantisthapanaku videsheedhanasahaayam sahayakariga Pali. 2000 remdu samvatsaraala tiivramaina caruvu valana aahaarapadaardhaala koratanu videsi arthikasahayam teerchindi.
augustulo rudd crosse caruvu baadhita deshaalaina tajikistan. 2001 ujbekisthan, laku sahakarinchavalasindigaa prakatistuu aikyaraajyasamitiki kudaa sahayam koraku pilupunu andinchindiayinappatikee desamlo ip |
patikee aahaaram samasyagaane Pali. janavarilo tajikistan prajalalo. 2012 mandhi aahaara abadhratatho jeevistunnaru 6,80,152 veerilo. mandhi phas 6.70,852 nishithamaina aahaaram 3 (jeevanopadhi samasya, aahaara abadhrata) mandhi phas, 3000 humanitarian emergemsy 4 (samasyaloo chikkukunnaru) iddam taruvaata.
madyakaalamlo tajikistan gananiyamaina aardhikaabhivruddhi saadhinchindi 2000-2007 tajikistan z. di.p.niki cherukundani world banku deetaa theliyajesthundhi. 9.6% idi madya asiya deeshalaloo takakisthan aardhikasthiti paranga abhivruddhi saadhinchindi. pratyekamgaa arthikamga ksheenasthititiki cherina turkmenistan. ujbekisthan kante tajikistan abhivruddhi sthaayiki cherukunnaadu, tajikistan aardhikaramgaaniki aluminium. patthi utpatthi, videsi udyogula sampadana sahakaristhundhi, patthi panta vyavasayamlo. aakraminchi Pali 60% graameenulaku patthi panta maddatu estunde, 75% neetipaarudala andutunna bhuumii patthi pantaku vupayogapaduthundi, 45% prabhuthvaaniki svantamaina tajik aluminium kompany madya aasiyaalo athipedda aluminium parisramagaa gurtinchabadutundi. alaage prampancham loni athipedda aluminium parisramalalo okatiga gurtinchabadutundi. tajikistan nadulu wakhsh nadi. punj nadulu jalavidyuttuku aadhaaramga unnayi, prabhuthvam jalavidyuttu utpattichesi dhesheeya vaadakaaniki. vidyuttu egumati koraku pettubadulanu akarshinchadaniki prayatnalu chesthundu, tajikistan loni neurec daam prapanchamlooni ettaina aanakattaga gurtinchabadutundi. megawatla utpatthi saamardhyam kaligina sangtuda. 670 jalavidyuttu kendramlo-1 janavari 2008 nundi rashyaaku chendina 18 orr " Una.o energy jaint.yu " i.yess panichestundi.sangtuda. loo iranian-2 jarafsion koraku chainaku chendina sino, haidro panichestunnay- mee ettaina rogan pvr plantu nirmaanam puurtayithee prampanchamlo ettainadani gurtinchabadutunna neurec aanakattanu adhigamistundi. 335 sea. Una.sea.Una.plantu tajikistan nundi paakisthaan. 1000 ku aafghanisthaan pvr trancemit dwaramegawatla vidyuttunu taralinchadaaniki pranaalika ruupomdimchabadimdi 1000 trams mishan motham podavu.. ki 750 mee.prabhutva. privete samshthalu kalisi panicheyanunna yea pranaalikaloo dabalyu, b.ai,
epf.sea.edy, b.ai, di.b samshthalu panicheyanunnayi.yea pranaalika motham viluva. millionla amarican dollars 865 migilina vidyuttu avasaraalaku chinna motthamloo sahajavayuvu. petrolium vanarulu, thaginantha boggu niluvalu vidyuttu utapattiki sahakaristunnaayi, loo prapanchamlooni adhikanga videsi valasa udyogula aadhaaritha aardika vyvasta kaligina deshaalalalo tajikistan modati sthaanamloo Pali. 2014ku mundhu videsi udyogula sampadana z. 2014dipilo.undaga rashyaaloo sambhavimchina aardika sankshoebham kaatanamgaa 45% natiki adi 2015 ki patanam chendagaladani bhaavimchaaru 40%rashyaaloni tajik sraamikulu millionla tajikistan prajala aardhikasthitiki aadhaaramga unnare. rashyan aardhikasthiti digajaradam kaaranamgaa tajikistan yuvakulu rashyaa nundi matrudesaniki tirigi ragalarani cheppindhi. 2014-2015 tajikisthaaneeyulu. 20% amarican dollars dinasari aadaayamtho jeevistunnarani konni anchanalu theliyajesthunnaayi 1.25 tajikistan nundi valasapovadam.
videseesampaadana arthikamga tiivramaina prabavam kaliginchaledu, loo tajikistan videsi udyogula aadaayam. 2010 biliyanla amarican dollars 2.1 idi. kante adhikam 2009 tajikistan world Banki tajikistan vidhaanam nivedikalo tagata konni samvatsaraalugaa zikistan aardhikaramgaannii videsi udyogula aagayam nadipinchi paedarikaanni kontha tagginchindani vivarimchimdi. 2006 maadakadravyaalu cheraveyadam tajikistan chattavirudhamaina aadaayaalalo okati. antarjaateeya sevaasamsthalaina yu. ene.o.di.sea.yu., yess.rashyaa, afghan adhikaarula krushifalitamgaa chattavirudhamaina maadakadravyaala taralimpunu adupulooki vacchindi, tajikistan heroin. opiyam japthu prapanchamloo mudava sthaanamloo Pali, maadakadravyaala dwara labhistunna dhanam prabhutwaanni kalushitham chesthundu. tajikistan antaryuddhamlo renduvaipula paalgoni prasthutham adhikaarapadavulu chepattina vaariloo paluvuriki maadakadravyaala vyaapaaramlo sambandhaalu unnatlu nipunhulu abhipraayapaddaru. yu. ene.oa.di.sea.tajikistan. thoo panicheystuu sarihaddu rakshanalo sikshnha estundealaage samaikya sarihaddu dalaanu neyaminchi. tajikistan drugg control agemsi " sthaapanalo bhaagaswaamyam vahinchimdi " tajikistan. ekanaamik cooperation aarganyjeshan " i " (sea.o.loo saswata sabhyatvam kaligi Pali) prayaanavasatulu.
tajikistan itara madya asiya deshalavale prayaanavasatulalo pradhaana abhivruddhi saadhinchindi
2013 bhuubandhitadesamgaa tajikistan. loo revupattanaalu aemee leavuamduvalana atyadhikamaina prayaanaalu rahadari. railu, vayu margamlone jaruguthuntaayi, sameepakalamgaa repu prayana vasatula koraku aafghanisthaan meedugaa prayaaninchi ir |
anian. paakisthaanlanu chaerukoovadaaniki oppandam kudhurchukundhi, loo paakisthaan. 2009iranian, aafghanisthaan, latoki 1,300 mee podavaina rahadari.railu nirmaanam, abhivruddhipanulu chepattadaniki oppandam kudhurchukundhi, yea rahadari. railu margam muudu dheshaalanu anusandhaanistuu paakisthaan revunu cherela nirminchabadutundi, pratipaadinchabadina margam deeshaaniki thuurpuna unna gorno. badakhshan swayampratipatti prantham meedugaa payanistundi - loo muudu dheshaalanu anusandhanam chesthu rahadaarlu. 2012railumaargaalu, gaas, oily, neetipaipu Jalor nirminchadaniki tajikistan, iranian, aafghanisthaan adhyakshulu oppandam medha santhakam chesaru, railu.
railuroddu motham podavu
ki 680 mee.railu gage. mi 1530mee idi rashyaa gage parimaanam.desam dakshinapraantamlooni pradhaana bhuubhaalanu. rajadhanini paarishraamika praantaalanu, Hisar (wakhsh loeyalu, ujbekisthan), turkmenistan, kazakhstan, rashyaalanu anusandhaanistuu railu margam nirminchabadutundi, antarjaateeya saruku ravana yea margamlo cheraveyabadagaladani bhaavimchaaru. prasthutham nirminchabadina kwarghanteppa. kulob railu margam kulob jalla desam kedrabhaagaalanu anusandhaanistundi - vaayumaargam.
loo tajikistan
2009loovimaanaasrayaalu unnayi 26 veetilo. vimaanaasrayaalaku 18 ruun
velu unnayiandhulo rendintiki. mee podavaina ruun 3,000 velu unnayiepril natiki desam pradhaana vimaanaashrayam dushambe nundi rashyaaloni pradhaana nagaraalu. 2015 madya asiaku alaage Delhi, dubaayi, franc, furtistamble, kaabul, urunkwi nagaralaku vimaanasevalu andinchabadutunnaayi, rashyaa nundi khujand varku antarjaateeya vimaanaalu nadupabadutunnaayi. kulob. khurgontepa nundi vimaanasevalu parimitamgaane labhistunnaayi, khorog vimaanaashrayam dhesheeya vimaanasevalu andistundi. tajikistan. loo remdu pradhaana vimaanasevalusoman air Jalor ( tajik air Jalor, unnayi) avi. rahadari
tajikistan rahadarla motham podavu
ki 27,800 mee.prayana soukaryaalalo. automobiles puurticheestunnaayi 90% sarukuravaanaalo. rahadari margamlo cheraveyabadutundi 80% loo tajikistan.
2004aafghanisthaan Madhya tajik, afghan frendship brienz nirminchabadindi- idi deeshaanni dakshinasiya deshaalatho anusandhaanistundi. yea vanthenanu uunited stetes nirminchindi. natiki rahadari.
2014 kanuma margam puurtikaagaladani bhaavimchaaru, dushambe. kulma - chainaa sarihaddu (kurgaon), tube- nizhmi pyaani- aafghanisthaan sarihaddu (rahadhaarula punarnirmaanham) parvatamaargaalalo anjab kanuma, shakristan, shar shar, chormajak kanuma maargaala nirmaanam pralaalikalugaa chepattabaddayi, viitiki antarjaateeya samshthalu nidhisahaayam chestunnayi.
ganankaalu.
juulai ganankalanu anusarinchi tajikistan jansankhya
2009 veerilo 7,349,145.
samvatsaraala lopu varu 70% 30 prajalu. 30% samvatsaraala vayaskulu 14-30 tajikeelu tajik bhaashan maatlaadutuntaaru. percian yaasalalo idi okati ( tajikeelu pradhaana sampradhaya prajalugaa unnare). ayinappatikee ujbekiyulu. rashyanlu kudaa thaginantha sankhyalo unnare, vasala kaaranamgaa viiri sanka ksheenistundi. badakhshan loni pamiri prajalu.
swalpasankhyalo yagnobeelu, ganeeyamaina sankhyalo ismaileelu kudaa tajikeeprajalugaa bhaavinchabadutunnaaru, tajikistan. loni prajandaruu tajikisthaaneeyulugaa piluvabadutunnaaruloo tajikistan.
1989loni sampradhaya rashyanluunnare 7.6% antaruddham taruvaata rashyaaku valasa vellina kaaranamgaa varu prasthutham. kante thakkuvaga unnare 0.5% rashyaa.
" soveit union loni jarman charithra , loo " 1979mandhi tajikistan nundi valasa vellaarani theliyajesthundhi 38,853 tajikistan praamtiya bhaasha tajikee adhikarabhaashagaa Pali.
samacharacheravetaku. vyaapaaraaniki rashyaa bhaasha vaadukalo Pali, rajyangam. rashyabhasha " sampradhaya prajala vaadika bhaasha " gaaa aamodinchabadinappatiki" raajyaamga savarna taruvaata rashyabhasha radducheyabadindi 2009 pedarikam unnappatikee soveit paalanaloe uchita vidya falithamgaa tajikistan akshara shyatha adhikngaane Pali. prajalalo. vraata 95.5% chadave shakthini kaligi unnare, prajalalo atyadhikulu sunnii islam matanni avalambistunnaru. ganankalanu anusarinchi tajik purushulu.
2009 paluvuru strilu videsalalo, pratyekamgaa rashyaaloo (panichesthunnaru) kante adhikamaina strilu sampradhaya graamaalaloo nivasistunnaaru.
70% samskruthi.
tajikistan loni
prajalaku tajik bhaasha maatrubhaashagaa Pali 80% pratuta tajikistan loni dushambe. rajadhani (khujand), kulob, panjakent, kurgontepa, khorugh, istaravsion modalaina nagarakendralalo ujbekeelu, kirgeejulu, rashyanlu alpasankhyaakulugaa unnare, tajikistan aagneyamloo unna gorno.
badakhshan atanimus provims- loo chainaaaafghanisthaan sarihaddulo pamir |
iprajalu unnare, veerini tajikee sampradhaya prajalugaa bhaawistaaru. ayinappatikee viiru tajikee prajalakante bhashaparamga. saamskrutikamgaa verupadi untaruu, tajikistan loni migilina praantaalaloo nivasisthunna adhikamaina sunnii muslimulu. pamireelu utsahanga islamyli matanni anusaristuntaaru, alaage shughni. rushani, khufi, vakhi modalaina palu iraanee bhashalu maatlaadutuntaaru, ettaina pamiri parvatamlo Wokha nivasisthunna viiru palu puraathana saskruti. sampradayalanu samrakshistuntaaru, deeshamanthataa kanumarugoutunna jaanapadha kalalu viiri oddha sajivanga unnayi. Uttar tajikistan loni parvatapraantaalalo yaghnobi prajalu nivasistunnaaru.
prasthutham yaghnobi prajala sanka. undavachani bhavistunaaru 25,000 va sataabdamloo balavantapu valasalu viiri sankhyanu ksheenimpajestunnaay. 20viiru yaghnobi bhaashan maatlaadutuntaaru. puraathanamaina sogdian bhaasha adhunika rupame yaghnobi. tajikistan kalaakaarulu dushambe t house roopondinchaaru.
adi. loo boulder 1988colorado cyster siteeki kaamukagaa ivvabadindi, matham. .
sunni islaanku chendina hanafi schul
loo adhikarikamgaa prabhutva anumati pondindi 2009tajikistan tanataanu lykika rajyaanga prakatinchukundi. desamlo prajalaku porthi mataswatantryam ivvabadindi. prabhuthvam eedh. vul- fitir- eedh all adha pandugalaku salavu dinamgaa prakatinchindhi, yu. yess state departmentu.p reesearch nivedika anusarinchi tajikistan prajalalo, muslimulu unnare 98% vaariloo dadapu. sunnii muslumulu 87%-95% dadapu, prajalu shia muslimulu 3% esaakhanu velladinchani muslimulu unnaran theliyajesthunnaayi, 7% migilina. prajalu rashyan orthodox 2% kaadhalik cristavulu . jorashtrian, buddhijaaniki chendinavaarai unnare, athyadhika muslimulu ranjaan upavaasam untaruu. graamaalaloo madinta. vantu 1 pattanaalaloo, prajalu dinasari praarthanalalo palgontaru 10% bukharan yudulu tajikistan. loo creepoo.va sathabdam nundi nivasistundevaaru 2prasthutham vaariloo yevaru jiivinchi laeru. vividha matasthula madya sambandhaalu saadharanamga sumukhangane untai.
pradhaanamiena muslim naayakula madya kontha bhinnabhiprayalu vumdavacchu. alpasankhyaaka matasthulu vivakshaku gurouthunnaarani naayakula Bodh.
matha samshthalu desharaajakeeyaalanu prabhaavitam chestunnayani aamdolana chendutunnaru. islaamik renicems parti tajikistan anataryuddham. yuddamlo pradhaana poraataveerulugaa unnare (1992-1997) varu tajikisthan. nu muslim deshamgaa prakatinchaalani korukuntunnarusukravaara praarthanalu jaripee maseedulu parimitamgaane unnayi. kondaru idi vivaksha ani bhavistunaaru.chattaparamgaa matasamsthalu state committe. .
praamtiya adhikaarula dwara namoodhu cheskovali, mandhi sabyulu vundali. 10 praamtiya prabhutvaadhikaarulu praarthanaapradeshaanna pariseelinchali. sabyulu bahiranganga praarthanaku manushulanu sameekarinchakudadu. namoodhu cheyadamlo vaiphalyam peddha ettuna jarimaanaa cheyllinchadaaniki daariteestundi. antekaka prardhanaa praantaannu moothaveyadam sambhavisthumdhi. anumati pondandamlo praantiiyasthaayiloo samasyalu unnayani prajala Bodh. samvatsaraala lopu varu bahiranga praarthanalaku anarhulu. 18 aaroogyam.
tajikee prabhuthvam aarogyasamrakshanaa vidhanalanu abhivruddhichesi vistarimchadaaniki prayatnalu cheesinappatikii aarogyasamrakshana avasaramainadaanikante thakkuvaga
aushadhaala sarafara korathatho balaheenamgaa Pali, laber. social velphaer, loo tajikistan 2000looaarogyasevalakoraku namoduchesukunnarani velladinchindi 1,04,272 viiru tajikistan. loni paedarikamtoe badhapadutunna prajalutajikistan prabhuthvam. world banku yea prajalaku sahaayamgaa nilichi paedarikaanni tagginchadaaniki prayathnisthunnayi, prajaarogyam koraku prabhuthvam z. 2004 di.pilo.kharchuchestundi 1% ganankalanu anusarinchi prajala aayahpramaanam.2012 samvastaralu 66.38 ganankalanu anusarinchi sisumaranaala saatam. 2012 mandiki 1000 ganankalanu anusarinchi prathi 37. 2011 mandhi prajalaku 1,00,000 mandhi vaidyulu unnare 170 ganankalanu aanusarinchi. 2010 pillalu 457 peddalu pooliyoobaarina padaga niyantranaloki teesukuvachhe mundhu veerilo, mandhi praanaalanu vidichipettaaru 29 vidya..
tajikistan
loo vidyasamvatsaraala praathamikavidya 11 secondery vidyavidhanam anusaristhundhi, ayinappatikee. nundi prabhuthvam 2016 samvatsaraala praadhimika vidyanu pravesapettaalanu yochistundi 12 tajikistan. . loo adhika sankhyalo vidyaasamsthalu unnayikhujand state universitylo. departmentlu 76 faakaltiilu unnayi, 15 tajikistan state university af laaw. "businesses, politics & khorugh state university ", agriculturally university af tajikistan, tajik state naeshanal university, palu vidyaasamsthalu unnayi, veetilo adhikamaina universitylu soveit sakamlo sthaapinchabaddaayi. praamtiya vidya tertiery abhyasinchinna vidyaarthula saatam. 2008 sab reasenal saraasari 17%. kante idi takuva (37%) vidyaasikshana. . vruvidya nipunulaku taginanni udy |
oegaavakaasaalu lenikaaranamgaa tajikeelu vidyanu konasaginchadam vadilivestunnaru, prabhuthvam vidya koraku.
koraku gi 2005-2012 di.p noondi.nundi 3.5% vyayam chesthundu 4.1% o. i.sea.di cheestunna vyayam.kante idi takuva (6%) aikyaraajyasamiti desamloni vidyaavasaaraalaku tajikistan cheestunna vyayam chaaladani abhipraayapadutundi.
acading yu.
ene.yess.epf sarve anusarinchi tajikistan balikalalo.mandhi nirbhandha praadhimika vidyanu abhyasinchadamlo pedarikam 25% baalikala patla chuuputunna vivaksha kaaramnamgaa vaiphalyam chendutunnaru, yenni samasyalu unnappatikee tajikistan akshaaraasyataa saatam adhikamgaane Pali. tajikistan parvataalu hill climbing.
Sport
mouuntain biking, rock climbing, sqiing, snowboarding, parvataaroohana modalaina palu haute dor kridalaku avaksam kalpisthundhi, vasatulu parimitamgaa unnappatikee phaan. pamir parvataalaku heking toorlu, tajikistan, loo unnasikharaalaku dhesheeya 7,000 antarjaateeya parayatanalu erpaatu chaeyabadutunnaayi, associetion fut bahl tajikistan.
loo athantha prabalyam santarinchukunditajikistan naeshanal fut bahl teem epf. epf.Una.asean fut bahl comphiderathan, loo palgonnayitajikistan loni pramukha klabbulu tajik leaguue loo pooti chestunnayi.
loo tajikistan cricket feedeeration praarambhinchabadindhi. 2012idi tajikistan prabhuthvam tarafuna creedalaloo paalgontundi. adae savatsaram deeniki asean cricket kainsil sabhyatvam labhinchindi.
tajikistan ragbee teem ippudippude abhivruddhipadhamlo saagutundi. tajikistan swatamtram podaaka tajikisthaanii athetlu muguru olympique patakaalu sadhincharu.
varu varusaga restlar usap abdusalmov. restling, (2008 suummer olimpics), mems freestrile - ki 84 gra.neejing. (judoka resul 2008), judo (suummer olimpics 2008 mems- ki 73 gra.kaamsyam; beijing: baaksar mavjuna choreeva), baxong (olimpics 2012 vumen lyt waite- kaamsyam; gornov).
badakhshan atanimus regian rajadhani khorugu - tajikistan athyadhika autitude (oddha bundy creeda nirvahinchabaduthundi ) moolaalu.
tajikistan prabhutva adhikarika webb sitelu
ivi chudandi
tajikistan
Madhya asiya deshalu
prapancha deshalu
aarganyjeshan af islaamik conferences
republik af ujbekistan |
Madhya asiya loni bhoopariveshtita desam (Republic of Uzbekistan) naluvaipula bhuumithoo chuttabadina deshamu (yea deeshaaniki padamara). uttaraana kazakhstan, thuurpuna kyrgyz stan, tajikistan, dakshinhaana aafghanisthaan, turkamenistan deshalu sarihaddulugaa unnayi, ujbekisthan okappudu goktars.
turkic khagnate (taruvaata timrud saamraajyam bhaagamgaa undedi), prasthutham ujbekisthan praantaanni. va sataabdamloo turqey matlade nomads aakraminchukunnaru 16va sataabdamloo yea prantham rashyaa saamraajyamlo Pali. 19loo pratuta ujbekisthan prantham soveit union sarihaddu republik. 1924gaaaujbek soveit soeshalist republik (ayindhi) soveit union vichchinnata taruvaata. augustu 1991 na ujbekisthan 31ujbekisthan republik " gaaa prakatinchabadindhi "marusati adhikarikamgaa swatanter dinum jarupukundi. ujbekisthan adhikarika demokratik.
loukika, unitary state, republik rajyangam vaividhyamyna samskruthika vaarasatvam kaligina desam, deesha adhikarika bhaasha ujbeki. prajalalo. prajalaku turqey bhaasha vaadukalo Pali 85% ayinappatikee rashyan bhaasha deeshamanthataa vyaapimchi Pali, ujbeki prajalu. rashyanlu 81%, tajakeelu 5.4%, kazakh prajalu 4%, Bundi 3% unnare 6.5% ujbekisthan prajalalo atyadhikulu muslimulu. ujbekisthan commvelth deshalu aarganyjeshan af sekyuuritii und cooperation in eurup, uunited neshams, aikhyaraajyasamiti (shanghai cooperation aarganyjeshan sabhyatvam kaligi Pali) , ujbekisthan aardhikarangam pradhaanamgaa patthi.
bangaram, euranium, sahajavayuvu modalaina commodity utpatthi medha aadhaaritamai Pali , charithra.
ujbekisthan
loo modhatigaa nivasinchina prajalu prasthutham kazakhsthan prantham nundi yea praantaaniki vacchina iranean nomadlani bhavistunaaruviiru cree.
poo.va sataabdhaaniki chendinavaarani bhavistunaaru 1viiriki iranean bhashalu vaadukalo undevi. viiru madya aasiyaalo sthirapadi nadula venta vistaaramaina neetipaarudala vidhanaanni stapincharu. yea samayamlo buhoro. bukara (samarkwand) samarkand (tashkent prabhuthvam) , unnanatha samskruthika kendraluga udhbhavinchaayi , b. sea.va sathabdam natiki baltrian 5soghadian, yufhehi , tokharian (yea praanthamlo adikyata sadhinchi yea praanthamlo paalana saaginchaaru) chainaa pasimapraantamlo pattuvyaparam abhivruddhi chesindi.
yea vyaapaaraanni avakasangaa teeskunna iranean nagaraalu vyapara kendraluga vardhillaayi. ujbekisthan praantamlooni nagaraalu. transoxiana , mouvayurna (arabu vision taruvaata ivvabadina peruu) (grameena nivaasita pranthalu) turupu praantaam , pratuta chainaalooni xingiang (sogadian pranthalu iaranian vyaapaaravaettalu chosen vyaaraabhivruddhitho sampannamainaayi), silk roddu. " pattu rahadari" (bukhara), samarakwad athi sampanna nagaraluga abhivruddhichendaayi,, aa samayamlo tramscasiana athipedda pratibhaavantamaina. saktivantamaina alaage puraathana percian praantamgaa vilasillindi, alegjaamdar.
makdonian paalakudu alegjaamdar conkward sogadiana
bachiraalanu jayinchaadu, alegjaamdar achamenind samrajya chakraverthy mudava daris kumarte roksiananu vivahamadadu. percian saamraajyam achamenind bhoobhaagaalu adhunika ujbekisthan. loo unnayiyea vision alegjaandaruku praabalyata teesukuvachindi. raajyam taruvaata cree. poo.va sataabdhaaniki yuezhi aadheenamloki vacchindi 1 ujbekisthan. nu palu samvastaralu percian paalakulu pardhiansassanid paalakula aadheenamlo Pali, alaage tarkeeki chendina heptalit.
gokturk prajalu kudaa konthakaalam yea praantaaniki paalakulu ayaru, arabbulu.
va sataabdamloo amu darya
8syr darya nadula madya prantham tramsoksiananu arabbulu, ali ibun sattor (jayincharu) arabbulu yea praantaanni punaruddharinchaaru. palu islaamik swarnayugamlo prakyatha parisodhakulu ikda nivasinchi yea prantham abhivruddhiki paatupaddaaru. yea kaalamlo kalaakaarulu trignomety. optics, jyootisham, kavitvam, taatvikam, kalalu, sundhara dasturi, itara kalalanu abhivruddhichesaaru, idi muslim punaruddaranhaku punaadi vesindhi. sataabdhaalalo traxiana sanid raajyamlo cherchabadindi.
9-10 taruvaata traxiana tarkeeki chendina karakhanidula adhinam ayindhi. alaage seliyukulu. sulthan sanir (kara), khitanlu yea prantham medha adikyata sadhincharu- chenghiz khan.
va sataabdamloo chenghiz khan naayakatvamlo mangol saamraajyam yea praantaanni jayinchindi
13mangol vision yea praanthamlo marpulu teesukuvachindi. madya aasiyaalo mangol vision yea praantamlooni iranean bhaasha matlade prajalanu yea prantham vadili vellaelaa chesindi. taruvaata vacchina mangolian. turkic prajalu iranean samskruthi- vaarasatvaanni anichivesindi, bukhara. samarkhand, conayurgenk, urgench (itara pranthalu mangolian daadula falithamgaa vidhvamsam ayyaayi), yea samayamlo mookummadi hatyalu. amaanushamaina vidhvamsam yea praantaanni peedinchaayi, vichchinnata.
chenghiz khan maranam taruvaata
loo mangol saamraajyam aayana naluguru kumaarulu 1227sabhyulaku vibhaj |
inchabadindhi, vibhajana taruvaata mangol chattaanni anusarinchi palu taraalavaraku yea praanthamlo mangolu vamshasthula paalana konasaagindi. transoxiana paalana chenghiz khan rendava kumaaruni varasudu chagatai khan aadheenamlo undedi. chagatai khan paalanaloe yea praanthamlo sampadha perigi. shanthi nelakonnadhi, alaage samaikya mangolu saamraajyam saktivantamaina saamrajyamgaa nilichimdi. thaimuur.
va sataabdamloo mangolu saamraajyam vichchinnata chendhindhi
14chagatai bhoobhaagam medha vividha jatulaku chendina girijan raajakumaarula madya jargina aadhipathya poratamlo vichchinnamaindi. girijan raakumaarulalo okadu thaimuur. thaimuur. natiki yea prantham medha adikyata saadhimchaadu 1380 chenghiz khan varasudu kaanappatiki thaimuur transoxiana praanthamlo samardhudaina palakudiga praabalyata santarinchukunnadu. taruvaata thaimuur paschima. madya asiya praantaalalooni iranian, caucasus, mesopotaamia, asiya minoor, areal sea Uttar bhuubhaagamlooni sadaran steppe prantham jayinchaadu, chainalo meng saamraajyam paalana kaalam. loo thaimuur maranhinche mundhu rashyaa bhuubhaalanu kudaa jayinchaadu (1405) thaimuur aakramita nagaralalo tiivramaina himsa.
mookummadi hatyalu chotuchesukunnayi, samskruthika abhivruddhi.
thaimuur thaanu jayinchina vistaaramaina bhoobhaagam nundi palu kalaakaarula
vidyaavettalanu rajadhani samarkhand, loo sameekarinchadam dwara yea praantaanni chivariga vardhillajesaduviiri maddatuto thaimuur tana saamraajyaanni susampannamaina islaamik samskrutito nimpaadu. thaimuur. aayana vaarasula palana kaalamlo samarkhand, itara praantaalaloo mathaparamaina, ghanamyna nirmaanakalaakhandaala pania chepattabadindi, amer thaimuur vaidyaparisoedhanalu.
bhautikasastram parisodhakulu, kalaakaarulanu porugudesaalato, bharathamdesamtho cherchi (paraspara marpidi chesukune vidhanaaniki sreekaaram chuttadu) thaimuur manumadu ulagh begg prapanchapu utthama jyotishkulalo okadugaa gurtinchabaddadu.
taimurideelu sthaanikamgaa parsiyanlu ayinappatikee taimurid kaalamlo transoxiana praanthamlo chagatai bhaasha likhitaroopam cheyabadindhi. chagayiyad rachayita. ali shir navai " nagaramlo prakhtaati gadinchadu " nomadic.
taumoor raajyam taumoor maranam taruvaata renduga vibhajinchabadindhi
timrudiyanla antargatayuddham ujbekisthan loni aaral sea Uttar praanthamlo nivasisthunna nomadic girijanulanu akarshinchindi. loo ujbekisthan sainyamtho transoxiana medha dandettindi. 1501 emirate bukhara. . khanate bukara (loo banisavyaparam praamukhyata santarinchukuni sthiramgaapaatukundi) dadapu. 1821 nundi 25,000 varku tajik banisalu unnaran bhavistunaaru 60,000 rashyanlu pravesinchaka mundhu pratuta ujbekisthan emirate af bukhara.
khanate af khiwa madya vibhajinchabadindhi, rashyaa.
va sataabdamloo rashyan saamraajyam madya asiya varku vistarinchabadindi
19loo ujbekisthan. 1942loorashyanlu nivasinchaaru 2,10,306 loo aarambhamaina greeat gem piriyad aangloo.
1813rashyan comvention-varku konasaagindi (1907) arambamlo madya asiya rashyaa aadheenamlo undedi.
1920 taruvaata soveit union. loo bhaagamgaa unna boloshevkiujbekisthan, madya aasiyaaloni itara pranthalu tirugubatu arambham ayindhi, aktobaru. 1924 na 27ujbek soveit sodhalist republik " ruupomdimchabadimdi " nundi. 1941 varku 1945 rendava prapancha iddam " loo "mandhi ujbekiyulu rudd armi tarafuna naji germanytho poraadaaru 14,33,230 geramny tarafuna astoginian prajalu yuddamlo paalgonnaru. yuddamlo. ujbeki sainikulu eestarn phrant 2,63,005 rendava prampancha iddam (yuddhabhoomilo maranhicharu) mandhi tappipoyaaru. 32,670 auguste. 1991 na soveit union vichinnam taruvaata ujbekisthan swatantradesamgaa prakatinchabadindhi 31septemar.jaateeya swatanter dinamgaa prakatinchabadindhi 1 bhougolikam..
ujbekisthan vaishaalyam
cha 447400 ki.mi.vaisaalyaparamgaa ujbekisthan prampanchadesaalalo. va sthaanamloonuu 56janasankhyaaparamgaa , va sthaanamloonuu Pali 42commonwealth af independiente stetes.
" sea (ai.yess.deeshalaloo ujbekisthan) " va sthaanamloonuu 5janasankhya paranga, va sthaanamloonuu Pali 3ujbekisthan Uttar akshaamsamlo.
toorpurekhaamshamlo 37°, 46° Pali 56°, 74° ujbekisthan turupu padamaralugaa. ki 1425 mee.Uttar dakshinaalugaa, ki 930mee vistarimchi Pali.deesha Uttar. vaayavya sarihaddulaloo kazakhstan, aaral samudram, nairutii sarihaddulo turk, menistanaaganeya sarihaddulo tajikistan, eeshaanya sarihaddulo kyrgyzstan unnayi, madya aasiyaaloni peddadesaalalo ujbekisthan okati. alaage nalaugu sarihaddulaloo Madhya asiya deshalu unna oche deshamgaa gurtinchabadutundi. ujbekisthan dakshinha sarihaddunu. ki 150 mee podavuna aafghanisthaantho panchukuntundi.ujbekisthan suskita.
drai (bhuubandhita desam) antekaka prapanchamloo annivypulaa bhuubandhita deeshaala mady |
a unna remdu deeshalaloo ujbekisthan okati. maroka desam leekkin. steinujbekisthan. loo bandhita jalasamudraalu unnayiujbekisthan. nadulu samudranni cheravu ujbekisthan. nadeemukhadwaram sameepamlo vyavasaayabhoomulu unnayi 10% migilina desam adaari. parvathaalatho nindi umtumdi, ujbekisthan. loni athyunnatha shikaram khajret sulthan idi samudramattaaniki. mee ettuna sukhandarya praantamlooni gissar parvatasreniki dakshinha praanthamlo tajikistan sarihaddulo dushambe vaayavyamlo Pali 4643 ujbekisthan republik. loo continental vaataavaranam nelakoni umtumdivaarshikamgaa varshapaatam. mi 100- 200 mee umtumdi.veysavilo ushnograta. degreela senti grade cherukuntundhi 40 sheekaala ushnograta. degreela centegrate umtumdi 23-9 paryaavaranam.
ujbekisthan vaividhyamyna sahajatvamto nindina
susampannamaina desam, bruhattara patthi utpatthi kendram musugulo dasaabdhaala tarabadi soveit union anusaristunna vidhanala falithamgaa desamlo vipatkara paristhitulu eduraiyyaayi. vyavasaya kshethraalu desamlo adhikarinchina kaalushyaaniki pradhaana kaaranam ayyaayi. alaage desamloni jalam. vayu athantha kalushitham ayyaayi, bhoogolamloni athipedda bhuubandhita samudralu naalgintilo aaral samudram okati. bhuumii upayoginchadaaniki vaayuvulo aardhata adhikarinchadaaniki idi chaaala sahakaristhundhi. nundi aaral samudrajalaalu durviniyogam cheestunna kaaranamgaa samudravaisaalyam. 1960 jalaalu muudu bhaagaalu ksheeninchaayi 50%, viswaneeyamaina adhikarika agemsi leka aarganyjeshan deetaa sekarinchabada ledhu. induloonijalaalu adhikanga pattipolaalaku mallinchabaddaayi. patthi panta peragadaniki adhika motthamloo neee avsaram. soveit prabhuthvam anicut kattaadaaniki thaginantha niddhi manjuru cheyani kaaranaamgaa.
loo soveit shaasthravetthalu 1960 raajakeeyavaadulu aaral samudrajalaalanu pattipantaku upayoginchadaaniki maargadarshakam vahinchaaru, aaral samudrateeramlo ujbekisthan loni karakalpaka sthan praanthamlo adhika saatam uppu. kalushita matti vistarunchi Pali, desamloni jalavanarulalo atyadhikasaatam vyavasaayaaniki upakarinchabadutunnaayi. vyavasaayaaniki. jalaalu upakarinchadam kaaranamgaa samudrajalaalo uppu saatam adhikaristundi 84% pattipanta peragadaniki krisamhaarakaalu. earuvulu peddha motthamloo upayoginchadam matti kaalushyaaniki kaaranam authundi, ujbekisthan.
loniyu " ene.di.p climate risky managiment.desam paryaavanaanni chadiddaalani abhilashistundi " rajakiyalu.
loo soveit union nundi ujbekisthan
1991ku swatantrayam labhinchina taruvaata nirvahimchina ennikalallo islam karimov ujbekisthan adhyakshuniga ennika cheyabaddaadudecemberulo.
2009 loo ubhayasabhalaku nirvahinchabadina ennikala taruvaata 27mandhi sabyulu kaligina oli majils 150 dhi legisletiv chamber, mandhi sabyulu kaligina sannat, 100 samvatsaraala kramamlo erpaatu cheyabaddaayi 5 rendava ennikalu. loo nirvahinchabaddaayi 2004-05 loo dhi oli majils samakhyasabhagaa undedi. 2004loo sabhyulasankhya. 1994 loo 69, 2004-05 prasthutham sakhya 120, decemberu paarlamentu chattam 150. 2007 referendamtho (islam karimov padaviikaalam podiginchabadindi) paluvuru antarjaateeya abhyarthulu yea kaaryakramamlo palgonadaniki nirakarincharu. varu phalitaki aamodamudra telupaleedu. decemberu referendam ubhayasabhala. 2002 paarlamentu eguvasabha (oli majils (dhiguva sabha ), sannat (koraku pranaalika ruupomdimchimdi)) diguvasabha sabyulu puurtisamaya legisletivlugaa panichestaaru. disember. na ubhayasabhalaku ennikalu nirvahinchabaddaayi 26maanavahakkulu.
ujbekisthan republik rajyangam ujbekisthan republik democracy
comon huumane principle " aadhaaramga nirmitamainadani drudhangaa cheptundi " ujbekisthan tana pouruniki rakshana. vishvasaniiyamaina maanavahakkulu kaligisthundhi, ujbekisthan adhika manaveeya sanghika rupakalpanaku chattalalo marinni marpulu chesthu Pali. chattalakante adhikanga pourula hakkulu. 300 aadhaarabhootamaina swatamtram samraksha nakoraku ruupomdimchabaddaayi, augustu.
2005 adhyakshudu islam karimov ujbekisthan 2 loojanavari 2008 nundi maranasikshanu radduchestuu santhakam Akola1 prabhuyyvetara sevasamsta huumane raits waatch dogs .
internationale helsinki feedeeration af huumane raits, huumane raits waatch, amnesty internationale, uunited stetes depertment af state, counsil af dhi eurapian union, ujbekisthan parimitha pourahakkulanu kaligi unna nirankusa deshamgaa " nirvachinchaayi " alaage varu.
ujbekisthan " loo peddha ettuna human hakkula vullanghana jarigindaniaamdolana velibuchhaaru" nivedikalanu anusarinchi peddha ettuna himsa.
daurjanyam, akrama nirbdandham, swatantraanni niroodhinche palu caryalu sambhavinchaayani theliyajesthunnaayi, matham. upanyaasaalu, maadhyamaalu, samavesalu,sabhaanirvahana modalaina vaati medha nirdhandhaalu unnayi, ujbekisthan prabhuthvam grameena streelaku balavantapu sterilisation manjuru chesindani bhavistunaaru. matasamst |
hala sabyulu. swatanter patrikaasampaadakulu, huumane raits kaaryakartalu, rajakeeya karkarthalaku vyatirekamga daurjanyam cheeyadam, nirodha caryalu, tiisukoevadam patipaksha parti sabhyula medha nishaedham vidhinchadam modalaina maanavahakkula vullanghana jarigindani nivedhikalu theliyajesthunnaayi
sivil amrest in ujbekisthan." 2005 sanghatanalo " mandhi prajalu maranhicharu 100 ujbekisthan maanavahakkula charithraloo idi ooka gurtinchatagina sanghatanagaa bhaavinchabadutundi. maanavahakkula vullanghana vishayamlo aamdolana kanabarustuu swatantramgaa parisoedhana cheyadanki uunited stetes.
urapian union, dhi uunited naeshans, dhi o, yess.sea.i chairnan.in - offices- dhi o, yess.sea.i offices far demokratik institutions.huumane raits abhyardhana cheesukunnayi, ujbekisthan prabhuthvam pourula haakkulanu niraakarinchadam.
chattavirodhamgaa human hakkula vullanghana cheeyadam, pratispandana teliyajeyadaaniki swatanter nirodham, sabhanirvahana swatantranirodham modalaina prajaavyatireka caryalaku paalpadutundanna aropanalu edurkontunnadi, nirvahanhaa vibhagalu.
ujbekisthan
palana vibhaagaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi 12 viloyatlar ekavachanamlo viloyat (ooka atanimus republik), reppablika (ooka swatanter Kota), shahar (unnayi) tashkent viloyati ganankalalo tashkent Kota ganankaalu cherchabaddaayi.
provinces adanamga jillaalu.
tuman (luga vibhajinchabaddaayi) ganankaalu.
ujbekisthan madya aasiyaalo athantha janasaandhrata kaligina deshamgaa bhaavinchabadutundi
deesha janaba. ganankalanu anusarinchi ujbekisthan 3,10,25,500. 2008 loovayasu lobadinavaaru 14 unnare 34.1% adhikarika aadhaaraalanu anusarinchi ujbekiyanlu. 1996 unnaran bhavistunaaru 80% rashyanlatho kalisi itara sampradaayaaniki chendinavaaru. tajik prajalu 5.5%, karakalpkaalu5%, taataarlu 3%, unnare 1.5% tajik prajalasankhya gurinchina abhipraayabhedaalu unnayi. tajik sanka tagginchabadindani varu. undavachani paschimadesheeya parisodhakulu abhipraayapadutunnaaru 20-30% ujbekiyulu madya asiaku chendina turko.
percian prajalato- saart (mishritam ayaru) prasthutham ujbekiyulu thama puurveekam magoleeyulu. iraaneeyulu ani teluputunnaru, ujbekisthan.
loo koren sampradaayaaniki chendina prajalu undevaaruviiru. lalo stallin chetha balavantamgaa soveit union nundi velupaliki pampabaddaaru 1937-38 ujbekisthan. loo tashkentsamarkhand praanthamlo swalpasankhyalo amarican prajalu unnare, desamlo. muslimulu undaga veerilo atyadhikulu sunnii muslimulu 88% shia muslimulu unnare, 5% eestarn orthodox, 9% itaramataalaku chendinavaaru unnare, 3% dhi yu. yess state develepmentu internationale releasius phreedam report.bauddhulu (2004) 0.2% koren sampradhaya prajalu (unnaran reliyajestundi) ujbekisthan loni bukaralo nivasisthunna yudulu velaadi samvatsaraalugaa nivasistunnaarani bhavistunaaru. ganankalanu anusarinchi ujbekisthan. 1989 loomandhi yudulu nivasistunnaarani bhavistunaaru 94,900 ganankalanu anusarinchi yudulu. 1989 undevarini soveit union patanam chendina taruvaata yudulu uunited stetes 5% geramny, izral, ku vellaarunatiki ujbekisthan. 2007 loomandhi yudulu Bara nivasistunnaarani anchana 5000 ujbekisthan.
loo rashyanluunnare 5.5% soveit kaalamlo tashkentulo rashyanlu. ujbekiyulu sarisamanamga undevaaru, ganankalanu anusarinchi desamlo.
1970 millionla rashyanlu unnaran 1.5 anchana (12%) soveit union patanam taruvaata gananiyamaina rashyanlu aardhikaprayojanaala koraku ikda nundi tarali vellaaru.
loo crimean taatarlu.
1940volga jarmanlu, chechenlu, pontic greekulu, kumax, palu itara jaatiiyulu madya asiaku tarili vellaaru, crimean taatarlu ujbekisthan. 1,00,000 loo nivasistunnaarutaashkentulooni greekulu. loo 1974 undaga 35,000 natiki viiri sanka 2004 ku chaerukumdi 12,000 mascatian turkulu.
. fargana hisaatmaka caryala taruvaata desam vadili vellaaru 1989 ujbekisthan loni. sraamikulu videsalalo 10% adhikanga rashyaa (kazakh sthan, loo panichesthunnaru) ganankalanu anusarinchi ujbekisthan aksharasyatha.
2003 yea saadhana soveit union vidyavidhanam kaaranamgaa sambhavinchindi 99.3% .
matham.
loo yu
2009yess state departmentu vidulala chosen vivedika anusarinchi ujbekisthan.loo islam adikyata kaligi Palidesamlo muslimulu. rashyanlu 90%, orthodox 5%, unnare 5% ayinappatikee. pyuu reesearch senter " 2009 nivedika ujbekisthan " loomuslimulu unnaran theliyajesthundhi 96.3% okappudu desamlo. yudulu unnaran bhavistunaaru 93,000 ujbekisthan islam deerghakaalamgaa aadhikyathalo unnappatikee gatamlo yea praanthamlo palu mathalu aacharinchabaddaayi. pratyekata pratipaadinchabadani muslimulu.
54% sunnii muslimulu, 18% shia muslimulu unnare, 1% ujbekisthan.
loo soveit sakta mugimpuku vacchina taruvaata hetuvaadam sthaanamloo mataavalambana chotuch |
aesukundhiyudulu.
samvathsaralaku mundhu yudulu yea praanthamlo sthirapadadam arambham ayindhi
2000 samvathsaralaku mundhu babylonianlu yoodhulanu izral nundi tarimivesina taruvaata. 2000 yudulu ikda sthirapaddaaru
silk roddu parisaraalalo nivasisthunna yoodula medha itara sampradaayalu drhushti kendrikarinchayi. yudulu ikkadaku vacchina taruvaata. poorvam parshiyanla vaedhimpuku guraiyyaru 1,500 yudulu palu sataabdaalugaa samayaalaloe paalakula valana sambhavimchina kashtanashtaalanu sahistu vardhillaaru.
va sataabdamloo tamarlane palanakalamlo samarkhand punarnirmaanamlo paalupanchukunnaaru. 14aa kaaranamgaa samakhand yoodula pradhaana kendram ayindhi. tamarlane maranhinchina taruvaata yudulu muslimula tiivramaina shatruthvam. kathina niyamaalu, yudulu ooruki velupala yoodula quarterlalo Bara nivasinchaalanna nibandhanalu vento kathina paristhitulu edhurkonnaru,yoodula dvaralu. dukaanaalu muslimula kante diguvana undaalanna nibaddhana undedi, yudulu nallati topeelu. card beltu dharinchaalanna niyamamtho yoodula vaadhana sabhalaloe chellubaatu kakudadanna niyamam undedi, loo yea prantham rashyanla aadheenamloki maarna taruvaata yoodhulaku praamtiya paurulaku samaanahakkulu ivvabaddaayi.
1868aa samayamlo samakhand praanthamlo. mandhi yudulu 50,000 bukhara praanthamlo, mandhi yooduku unnaran bhavistunaaru 20,000 loo rashyan tirugubatu taruvaata soveit paalana arambham ayina taruvaata yoodula matajeevitam medha sharatulu vidhinchabaddaayi. 1997natiki. 1935 sinagogyulalo okkaru Bara samarkhand 35 loo unnaa duayunappatikee soveit sakamlo community jeevitam rahasyamgaa konasaagindi. rendava prapanchayuddham samayamlo soveit union. ku chendina eurapian praantaala nundi lakshalaadhi yudulustallin chetha bahiskarincha badinavaaru (ujbekisthan) ku saranaardhulugaa cherukunnaarunatiki ujbekisthan republik. 1970 loomandhi yudulu namoodhu ayaru 1,03,000 loo soveit union vicchinnam taruvaata dvamsam cheyabadina praantaalaloo yoodula andizan quuarter okati.1980taruvaata yudulu adhikanga izral. yu, yess ku valasa vellaaru.prasthutham ujbekisthan. loo konni velamandi yudulu Bara nivasistunnaarutashkentulo. mandhi 7000 bukharalo, samrkhandulo 3000, bhashalu
ujbekisthan
loo ujbeki bhaasha Bara adhikarabhaashagaa Palideeneeni vrayadaaniki adhikarikamgaa laitin lipini vaadthunnaru. 1992 tajik sampradhaya prajalu adhikanga nivasisthunna bukhara. samarkhand nagaralalo tajik bhaasha adhikanga vaadukalo Pali, tajik bhaasha casson. chust, fargana nadiiteeramloo unna rishton loeya,ahangaran, midle syr daryaaloni baghistan, shahrishabj, kithaab, cuffiringan, chaganian nadhii loeya praantaalaloo adhikanga vaadukalo Pali, ujbekisthan janasankhyalo. prajalalo tajikibhasha vaadukalo Pali 10-15% turkic bhashalalo okataina karakalpak bhaasha. kazakh bhashaku sameepamlo umtumdi (karakalpakstan republik) loo vaadukabhashagaaadhikarika bhashaga Pali, rashyan bhaasha sampradayaka prajala vaadika bhashaga Pali.
pratyekamgaa nagaralalo saankethika. scientiphic, prabhutva, vyapara avasaraalaku rashyan bhaasha vaadukalo Pali, rashyan bhaasha. prajalaku vaadika bhashaga Pali 14% rashyan bhaasha atyadhikulaku dviteeyabhaashagaa vaadukalo Pali. graameenapraantaalalo rashyan bhaasha mitamgaane vaadukalo Pali. prasthutham nagarapranta vidyaarthulaloo kudaa rashyan bhaashaanaipunyam thakkuvaga Pali. ganankalanu anusarinchi dadapu sagankante adhikanga rashyabhashanu matlade. 2003 ardam chesukune sakta kaligi unnare, ujbekisthan. rashyaala madya unna snehapurita rajakeeya vaataavaranam kaaranamgaa adhikaarigaa rashyan bhaasha patla nirlakshyam vahinchadam vadili vaeyabadindi, ki mundhu ujbekisthan vraatabhaashanu turqey.
1920paschima shaasthravetthalu chagate antaruu (ujbekisthan vrayadaaniki nasta) leekwi lipini upayoginchaaru'loo laitin aksharaalu pravesapettabadi. 1926varku palu marpulaku guraindi 1930 soveit prabhuthvam cyrillic lipini pravesapettindi. soveit patanam ayee varku cyrillic bhaasha vaadukalo undedi. loo ujbekisthan prabhuthvam laitin bhaashan tirigi pravesapettindi. 1933loo laitin aadhineekarana cheyabadi. 1996nundi paatasaalalo sciencu bodhinchadaniki vaadukalo Pali 2005 palu gurthulu. notisulu, veedhulalooni adhikarika phalakaalu kudaa (ujbeki cyrillic lipilo vraayabadutunnaayi) aardhikam. .
bagare niluvakaligina deeshalaloo ujbekisthan prapanchamloo
va sthaanamloo Pali 4ujbekisthan nundi vaarshikamgaa. tannula bangaaraanni velikiteesthundi 80 ujbekisthan raagi nilvalu prapanchamloo. va sthaanamloo 10euranium nilvalu prapanchamloo, va sthaanamloonuu unnayi 12ujbekisthan euranium utpatthi antarjaateeyamgaa. va sthaanamloo Pali 7dhi ujbeki naeshanal gaas kompany.
ujbechnefth, gaasgaas, nundi 60 biliyan cubic meetarla gaas utpattitoe antarjaateeyamgaa 70 va |
sthaanamloo unnayi 11desamlo gurtinchabadani oily.
. sahajavayu nilvalu unnayi, ujbekisthan: loohydrokarbon unnayi 194 veetilo. kandemsate 98 sahajavayu nilvalu, kandemsathe niluvalu unnayi, 96 ujbekisthan peddha samsthalalo ujbekisthan energy sector.
ku chendina chainaa naeshanal petrolium corparetionsea (ene.p.sea.petronus), dhi koriyaa naeshanal oily corparetion, gaz, promlukoil, ujbecistanephetg pradhaanamienavi, commonwealth af indipendems stetes. " sea " (ai.yess ekanamee.lato ujbekisthan ekanamee modati samvatsaramlo patanam ayindhi)ujbekisthan vidhaanamlo marpulu. samskaranhalu modalaina yekikrita prayathnam kaaranamgaa, taruvaata ujbekisthan ekanamee kolukunnadi 1995 madyakaalamlo vaarshikamgaa. 1998, 2003 abhivruddhi taruvaata 4% abhivruddhotoe ujbekisthan aardhikarangam gananeeyamgaa abhivruddhi chendhindhi 7-8% ai. em.epf nivedika anusarinchi.ujbekisthan z 2008 di.p dadapu rendintalu ayindhi.nundi varshika dravyolbanam. 2003 ni kante thakkuvaga Pali 10%ujbekisthan varshika z.
ene.ai talasari.amarican dollars (1,900 konugolu sakta. amarican dollars (2013) 3,800 utpatthi commodityla medha kendrikrutam cheyabadindhi). ujbekisthan patthi utpattilo prapanchamloo. va sthaanamloo egumatilo prapanchamloo 7va sthaanamloo Pali 5alaage bagare utpattilo prapanchamloo. va sthaanamloo Pali 7ujbekisthan gananeeyamgaa sahajavayu utpatthi. boggu, raagi, oily, vendi, euranium utpatthi chesthundu, vyavasaayam.
ujbekisthan vyavasaayam
sraamikulaku upaadhi kalpistuu 26% z 18% di.p abhivruddhiki sahakaristhundhi.vyavasaya bhoomulu. millionlu 4.4 unnayi (10%) patthi panta kotha samayamlo vidyaarthulu.
upaadhyaayulu ippatikee vetanarahita upadhyayuluga vyavasaayabhoomulalo panicheeyadaaniki tharalinchabaduthuntaaru, ujbekisthan pattini dakshinakoriyaalo Banki pathraalanu tayaarucheyadaaniki upayogisthuntaaru. ujbekisthan.
loo balakarmikulu tesco modalaina palu samsthalalo paniki niyaminchabadutunnaaruchi. Una.marks. spenser & gap, hetch, em&samshthalu ujbekisthan pattini bahishkarinchaayi. aardhika samskaranhalu.
swatamtram vacchina taruvaata aardhikasavaallanu edurkonadaniki prabhuthvam samskaranhalu chaepattimdi
digumatulu tagginchadam. saripadina vidyudutpatti swayangaa saadhinchadam samskaranalalo chotuchesukunnayi, nundi vijayavantamaina. 1994 ujbekisthan ekanaamik model " girinchi prabhutva maadhyamaalu prakatistunnaayi " aardika sthabdhata.
digbhranti, pouparism, bhikshamettadam (kante sankaranalu chakkani margamani kudaa prakatinchindhi) kramamyna aardika samskaranha vyuham sthula aardika samskaranhalu. nirmaanaatmakamaina samskaranhalanu pakkak nettindi, prabhuthvam medha sarikottagaa bureaucracy prabavam adhikarinchindi. desamlo lanchagonditanam vegavantamgaa adhikarinchindi. ujbekisthan lanchagonditanam antarjaateeyamgaa. 2005 deeshalaloo 159 va sthaanamloo Pali 137 ujbekisthan lanchagonditanam antarjaateeyamgaa. 2007 deeshalaloo 179 va sthaanamloo Pali 175 desamloni internationale crisis groupe patthi. bangaram, mokkajonna, gaas utapatti dwara aadaayaanni adhikarinchani salahaa icchindi, sameepakaalamlo unnanatha stayi lamcham sambandhitha mosalu prabhuthvam.
stella soneria modalaina antarjaateeya samsthala oppandaala medha prabavam chuuputunnaayi,antarjaateeya samshthalu ujbekisthan loni lanchagonditanam moesaala kaaranamgaa vyaapaaram baadhinchapadutundani bhaavistunnaayi. economist intelisens unit nivedika anusarinchi prabhuthvam privete rangam abhivruddhiki vyatirekamga undani theliyajesthundhi. ujbekisthan videsi pettubadulanu thippi kodatunnaru. sea. ai.yess loo talasari loyastugaa Pali.ujbekisthan. loo pravesistunna samshthalu ujbekisthan maarketloo corrensy marpidi cheeyadam shramathokudukunna pania ani theliyajesthunnaayidravyolbhanam.
ujbekisthan swatamtram pondina taruvaata
aniyatrita dravyolbanam 1992-1994 edurkonnadi (1000%)ai. emeph paryavekshanalo kramapariche vidhaanaalu chaepattimdi.natiki dravyolbanam. 1997 teesukuvachindi 50% natiki. 2002 vacchindi 22% varshika dravyolbanam. 2003 nirbhandhamaina aardika vidhanala falithamgaa 10%, loo dravyolbhanam 2004niki chaerukumdi 3.8% natiki.
2006 natiki 6.9%, 2007 Pali 7,6% dhigumathi vidhaanaalu.
ujbekisthan prabhuthvam videsi digumatulanu palu maargaalalo kattidittam chesindi
adhikamaina dhigumathi sunkam andhulo okati. praamtiya utpattulanu samrakshinchadaniki exiz dyuutii vivakshaapuutitamgaa atyadhikamgaa umtumdi. adhikarika anadhikaara pannulu misritamai untai. yea kaaranamgaa vasthuvula dharalu. nundi 100 adhikaristuntaayi 150% amduvalana dhigumathi vastuvulu prajalaku andubaatuloki raavadam shramato kudukunnadhi. dhigumathi pratibandhana adh |
ikaaringaa prakatinchabatuu Pali. palu sea. ai.yess samshthalu adhikarika ujbekisthan dhigumathi sunkaalanu tappinchukuntunnadi.atyaavasara vasthuvula digumatiki prabhuthvam pannuraayitii prakatisthundhi. stoke maarket.
loo dhi tashkentu stoke ex
1994changesrepuublican stoke ex (changespraarambhinchabadindhi) ujbek jaint stoke companylu. motham sherlu orr (1250) yess.silo vikrayinchabadutuntaayi.janavari natiki stoke markettulo namoodhaina samsthala sanka.
2013 securityla maarket viluva 119. 2012 trillionlu 2 samsthala aasakti adhikarinchadam kaaranamgaa yea sakhyalo abhivruddhi kanipistundhi. central depositary nivedika anusarinchi. securityla maarket viluva 2013 trillionlaku chaerukumdi 9 nundi ujbekisthaanaardhikaraka saktivantamgaa marindi. 2003 ndhuku prapancha maarkettulo adhikarinchina bagaaram.
patthi dharalu, abhivruddhi cheyabadina sahajavayuvu, egumatulanu adhikarinchadam, videsalalo panichestunna udyogula sanka adhikarinchadam sahakaristunnaayi, prasthutham deshaji. di.p migulu.Pali 9%-11% (2003-2005) videsi maarakam. bangaram niluvalu rendintalu, biliyan amarican dollars (3 ayindhi) videseemaarakam. 2010 biliyan amarican daalarlaku chaerukumdi 10 hetch.
yess.b.sea.Banki sarve anusarinchi ujbekisthan aardhikaragam tharuvaathi dasaabdhaalalo prapanchamloo ativegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna aarthikaramgaalalo okatiga. modati (gurtinchabadutundi 26 ) samskruthi.
ujbekisthan palu sampradhaya
samskruthika prajala mishritam, veerilo ujbekiyulu adhikanga unnare. ujbekisthan prajalu ujbekeeyule. 1995 71% alpasankhyaakulalo praddhaanulu rashyanlu. tajikeelu (8%). kazakh prajalu (5-30%). tatar prajalu (4%), karakalpakulu (2.5%), unnare (2%) ujbekisthan loni ujbeketara prajalu kramamga ksheenistunnaaru. rashyaa. itara alpasankhyaaka prajalu ujbekisthan vadili soveit union, loni itara praantaalaku valasa poortunnaaruujbekisthan.
loo swatantradesham ayindhi 1991desamlo muslim chaandasavaadam vistaristundani kondaru aadolana chendutunnaru. desam mataswatantram ivvadaniki vyatirekamga undani. bhavistunaaru
loo ujbekisthan prajalalo sagam mandhi muslimulunnaru. 1994sangeetam.
madya asean sampradhaya sangeetam shashmakwam
idi. va sataabdamloo bukhara aapraantaaniki rajadhaanigaa unna samayamlo nuuthanamgaa ruupomdimchabadimdi 16shashmakwam ajabaijani. mugam, uyughur mukwam sangeethaalaku saameepyamlo umtumdi, indhulo aaru mukwaamulu. shaakhalu (unnanduna yea sangeethaaniki yea peruu vacchindi) indulooni shaakhalu aaru percian sampradhaya reetulu saakhalugaa untai. kachereeloo madya madhayalo suphi kavitvam vachanaroopamlo chootu chesukovadam deeni pratyekata. vivaahaadi subhakaaryaalalo koodina samayamlo yea kachereelu srotalanu anandimpajeyadam valana ujbekisthan.
loo folkpaap Gaya kudaa praamukhyata santarinchukundi- ujbekisthan sampradhaya sangeetam paap sangeethaanikee madya entho vyatyaasam kanistundi. purushulu soeloe sangeetam vinadamlo aasakti kanabarustaaru. purushula madya jarigee vudayam. saayamkaala samayaalaloe sangeetam kachereelu chotuchesukuntundi, sampradhaya sangeetamlo shash makvam pradhaanamainadi. dheenini sampannakutumbala maddatu labhistuu Pali. konni maarlu remdu bhashala mistitamgaa paatalu roopondinchabadutuntaayi. konni maarlu sangeetamlo padyasaahityam kudaa sangeetamlo chotuchesukuntundi. loo folk sangeethaaniki takuva praamukhyata ivvabadindi. 1950idi rdi stationlalo prasaaram cheeyadam nilipiveyabadindi. deeniki fyuudal sangeetam ani peruu marchi deeni medha nishaedham vidhinchabadindi. jaanapadha sahityam vaari swantabaanilo prcharam cheyabadutune Pali. paluvuru idi swatantramaina anubhoothini andistundani abhipraayapadutuntaaru. vidya.
ujbekisthan aksharaasyataa saatam
ayinappatikee prasthutham 99.3%. samvathsaralaku lobadina vaariloo 15 Bara paatasaalalo praveshincharu 76% samvatsaraala baalabaalikalu pri schul. 3-6 looBara haajaru authunnaaru 20% idi enka bhavishyathulo ksheenistundani bhavistunaaru. vidyaarthulu soomavaaram nundi shanivaaram varku paatasaalaku hajar authuntaaru. va samvathsara vidyasamvatsaramto maadhyamika vidya mugusthundi. 9maadyamika vidya taruvaata vaanijya. saankethika vidyanu abhyasistaaru, ujbekisthan. loo remdu antarjaateeya paatasaalalu unnayirendoo tashkentulo unnayi. avi taadhkentu internationale schul kao. internationale karikulam schul- 12. ujbekisthan vidyavidhanam tiivramaina lotu budgett samasyanu edurkontumnandi.
vidyaa chattavidhaanamlo.nundi samskaranhalu prarambham ayyaayi 1992 ayinappatikee bhautika vidhaanaalu lopabhuishtamgaa unnayi. karikulam rivition kudaa balaheenamgaa Pali. upaadyaayulaku ivvabadutunna takuva stayi gtalu induku pradhaana karanaga unnayi. bhavananirmanam vento maulika sadupaayaalaku thaginantha vyayam cheyakapovadam vidyaanaanhyata lopinchadaaniki maroka kaaranam. vidyaavidha |
anamlo lanchagonditanam sampannulu. upaadhyaayulanu
paatasaala adhikaarulanu pralobhapetti paatasaalalaku, pariikshalaku haajaru kakunda higher gredu saadhinchadaaniki sahakaristhundhi, ujbekisthan vishvavidyaalayalu vaarshikamgaa.
mandhi pattabhadrulanu tayyaru chestunnayi 6,00,000 tashkentu vest minister university. esha university taadhkentu aanglamaadhyamamlo vidyaadhyayanam cheyadanki sahakaristunnaayi, salavu dinaalu.
janavari
kottasamvatsaram 1: yangi yil bayrami. (janavari).
dee af defenders af dhi motherland 14: vathan himoyachilari kuni. (marchi).
internationale vumams dee 8: ksalkwaro xoten, (kwizar kunj - marchi)
nairuj 21: nauroj bayrami (mee).
romemberems dee 9: ksotira va kwadirlash kunj (septembaru.
indipendems dee 1: mustakwillic kunj (aktobaru).
teechars dee 1: oa (kvituvchi va murabbielr' dessember).
8 cohn : stitution deecohn (stitutia kunjvaividhyamyna tedee)
ranjaan
rojula taruvaata kwoorban hayit eedh all
70 adha- aahaarasamskruti.
ujbeki aahaarasampradaayam medha praamtiya vyavasaayaprabhaavam adhikanga Pali
ujbekisthan. loo dhanyam adhikanga pandinchabadutundiamduvalana rotthelu. noodils ujbekeeyula, aaharamloo adhikanga chotuchesukuntunnayi
ujbekeeyula aaharamloo noodils adikyata vahistundi. desamlo gorrelu vistaaramgaa unnanduna aaharamloo mutton pradhaana maamsaahaaramgaa Pali. ujbekisthan chihnamgaa bhaavinchabadutunna aahaaram pulav.
bhiyyam. maamsam mukkalu, turimina keretlu, erragaddalu kalipi tayyaru cheyabaduthundhi, vivaahanischayam vento sandarbhaalalo atidhulaku oshee nahar. nahar leka marning pulav prathi vudayam udayapu alpaahaaramgaa, vudayam (gantala Madhya 6-8 vaddinchabadutundi ) itara mukhyamaina aaharaalalo kovvutho chaerchina peddha mamsapu mukkalanu.
pradhaanamgaa mutton (thaajaa kuuragayalu cherchi tayarucheyabade shupra), shurv leka shorva (aney suup pradhaanamainadi) veetilo naryan suup. laghman suup unnayi, noodils aadhaaritha vamtakaalu suup lagaa leka pradhaana aahaaramgaa kudaa andincabadutundi. manti. dumpling (chuuchwara), samosas, stuffed pockets chirutindiga leka pradhaana aahaaramgaa tintaaru, kuuragayalu. maamsam kalipi cheyabadina dimlama, palu kabaabulu saadharanamga pradhaana aahaaramgaa andincabadutundi, greene t jaateeya vaedi paneeyam rojantha sevistuntaaru.
t houses. chaii khanaa (samskruthika praadhaanyata kaligi unnayi) taadhkentulo black teaki praadhaanyata istaaru. ayinava greene t. black teelanu plu, panchadaara lekunda sevistuntaaru, t saadharanamga pradhaana aaharamthoo sevinchinaa atithulaku maryaadaapoorvakamgaa greene t conei black t conei andinchadam alvatu. challani yoghurt paneeyam ayran veasavi paaneeyamgaa sevinchabadutundi.
ayinappatikee idi t. kaafeelaku pratyaamnaayam kadhu, madhyapanam desamlo paschimadesalakante takkuvagaane vyaapinchindi.
muslindesaalalo draakshaarasam praamukhyata santarinchukuni Pali. loukika desamaina ujbekisthan. loovainareelu unnayi 14 veetilo. loo samarkhand 1927loo sthapinchabadina kuvrenko winery prabalamainadisamarkhand. winery nundi praamtiya drakshapandla nundi desert whine tayyaru cheyabaduthundhi ujbekisthan.
loo gulyakandojshirin, alitico, cobernet likarno, libarno souvignan (rashyan: desert vainulu tayaarucheeyabadutunnaayi) ujbekisthan whine. lu antarjaateeya avaardulanu gelichaayivitini rashyaa. itaradaesaalaku egumati chesthunnaaru, kridalu.
ujbekisthan gta racing saikilist
djamolidin abdoujaparov svasthalam " abdoujaparov tour d fraams. greene jarsi paayint pooti " loo moodumaarlu vision saadhimchaadu" abdoujaparov pramadakaramyna vinyaasalu pradarsinchadamlo siddhahasthudu kanuka ayanaku.
tashkentu terror "aney maaruperu Pali " artur tamazov.
veasavi olympique kridaa pooti " 2000 lalo mallayuddham " wrestling (vision saadhimchaadu) alaage. veasavi olympique creeda 2004 veasavi olympique creeda " , 2008 veasavi olympique creedalaloo purushula , 2012 ki 120 gra potilo bagare patakaalu saadhimchaadu.professionally baaksar ruslan chagev ujbekisthan dabalyu.
b.Una potilaloo palgonnadu.dabalyu. 2007 b.Una.chaanhiyan potilo nikolavi valuve nu odinchi ruslan chagev vision saadhimchaaduruslan chagev rendumaarlu chaanhiyan ship sadhinchina taruvaata. loo vladimir kilit 2009 schoko chetilo apajayam pondaduprapancha chaanhiyan mikael kolgnov sprint kanoyar kao.
mee olympique potilo kanshya patakam saadhimchaadu.1 500 gymnasist alegjaamdar shatilov artistic gymnastic phoor exercises kanshya patakam saadhimchaadu. gymnasist oksana chousovitina. , desam choose mothama patakaalu saadhimchaadu 70 ujbekisthan antarjaateeya kurash associetion svasthalam.
ujbek yuddhakalanu aadhunikeekarana. antarjaateeyeekarana chessi ruupomdimchina yuddhakala kurash , ujbekisthan.
looassocietion fut bahl " athantha praabalyata santarim ukundi " ujbekisthan premiyer fut bahl leaguue. ujbek leaguue (tarafuna) nundi |
2015 teemlu creedalaloo palgontunnayi 16 pratuta champiyanlu. epf (2014) sea.pakhtakor. epf. sea.pakhtakor. ujbekisthan titles sadhinchi ujbekisthan fut bahl brundamlo pradhama sthaanamloo Pali 10 ujbekisthan fut bahl teem.
2014 player af dhi iar (gaaa odil akhmedov gurtinchabaddadu) ujbekisthan fut bahl club kup varusaga. Una " epf.sea.kup. creedalaloo palgontune unnare " Una. " 2011 yess.epf.kup. Una (epf.sea.kup. loo nasaf saadhimchaadu) " 2011 modati ujbekisthan internationale club kup. gaaa Unaepf.sea.kup. ku pratyekata Paliloo ujbekisthan.
1991 ku swatamtram labhinchadaaniki mundhu ujbekisthan soveit unionloni soveit union ragbee union teemsoveit union naeshanal ais haka teem, soveit union naeshanal haka teemlalo ujbekiyulu paalgonnaru, ujbekisthan soveit union nundi vidipooyina taruvaata ujbekisthan tanaswantha. ujbekisthan naeshanal fut bahl teem " ujbekisthan ragbee union teem, ujbekisthan naeshanal futsal teem vento naeshanal teemlanu erpaatu chesukundi, loo ujbekisthan swatamtram pondaaka ujbekisthan.
1991loo tennis creeda athantha prajaadaranha pondindiloo ujbekisthan. 2002ujbekisthan tennis feedeeration " paerita tana swantha tennis feedeeration erpaatu chesukundi " ujbekisthan rajadhani tashkentulo dabalyu. ti. Una. tennis tornamentu. tashkem tu open (ku aatidhyam icchindi) yea tornamentu. nundi haute dor haard koortulaloo nirvahinchabaduthundi 1999 dennice ishtomin. akgul amanmuradova prakyatha ujbekisthan tennis kreedakaarulugaa gurtimpabadutunnaaru, ujbekisthan.
loo chaes creeda kudaa prajaadaranha kaligi Palichaes kridaakaarudu rustam kasindionov. loo epf 2004ai.di.i world chaes chaanhiyan ship saadhimchaadu.ujbekisthan adanamga judo.
teem handed bahl, beys bahl, taekwondo, basket bahl, futsal kridalanu aadaristundi, bayati linkulu.
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Jalor fourmujbekistan
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Madhya asiya deshalu
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