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Is cytokine response lower after lung volume reduction through bilateral thoracoscopy versus sternotomy?

Lung volume reduction surgery performed through bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopy (BVATS) was associated in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial with a statistically significant reduction in intensive care unit days, failure to wean, hospital stay, and cost, and earlier recovery . Serum cytokine levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 9 consecutive, steroid-free patients undergoing sternotomy and lung volume reduction . Proinflammatory interleukin 6 and interleokin 8 and antiinflammatory anti-inflammatory antileukins 10 were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively .

Use of a BVATS approach to lung volume reduction surgery is associated with reduced postoperative release of proinflammatory cytokines compared with a sternotomy approach. This may account for the reduction in recovery time and some measures of postoperative morbidity seen with the BVATS approach.

yes

### Human: Lung volume reduction surgery performed through bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopy (BVATS) was associated in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial with a statistically significant reduction in intensive care unit days, failure to wean, hospital stay, and cost, and earlier recovery . Serum cytokine levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 9 consecutive, steroid-free patients undergoing sternotomy and lung volume reduction . Proinflammatory interleukin 6 and interleokin 8 and antiinflammatory anti-inflammatory antileukins 10 were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively . Is cytokine response lower after lung volume reduction through bilateral thoracoscopy versus sternotomy?### Assistant: Use of a BVATS approach to lung volume reduction surgery is associated with reduced postoperative release of proinflammatory cytokines compared with a sternotomy approach. This may account for the reduction in recovery time and some measures of postoperative morbidity seen with the BVATS approach.

Use of a BVATS approach to lung volume reduction surgery is associated with reduced postoperative release of proinflammatory cytokines compared with a

Is number of involved lymph nodes important in the prediction of prognosis for primary duodenal adenocarcinoma?

The significance of lymph node involvement regarding the prognosis of primary duodenal adenocarcinoma remains controversial . Lymph node metastases were found in 26 (72%) of the patients, and 14 patients (39%) patients had in excess of three positive lymph nodes (N2) Patients with N2 disease had significantly reduced overall survival, as compared to patients with three or fewer positive lymph node (N1) N2 is also the only independent predictive factor for disease-free survival .

Subdivision of metastatic lymph nodes into N1 and N2 improves predictive ability. The seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system is applicable in the present study with regard to the prediction of the prognosis for primary duodenal adenocarcinoma.

yes

### Human: The significance of lymph node involvement regarding the prognosis of primary duodenal adenocarcinoma remains controversial . Lymph node metastases were found in 26 (72%) of the patients, and 14 patients (39%) patients had in excess of three positive lymph nodes (N2) Patients with N2 disease had significantly reduced overall survival, as compared to patients with three or fewer positive lymph node (N1) N2 is also the only independent predictive factor for disease-free survival . Is number of involved lymph nodes important in the prediction of prognosis for primary duodenal adenocarcinoma?### Assistant: Subdivision of metastatic lymph nodes into N1 and N2 improves predictive ability. The seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system is applicable in the present study with regard to the prediction of the prognosis for primary duodenal adenocarcinoma.

Subdivision of metastatic lymph nodes into N1 and N2 improves predictive ability . The seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system

Do prostaglandins E ( 2 ) and F ( 2alpha ) enhance differentiation of cementoblastic cells?

PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) alter cell function by binding and activating the plasmamemembrane G-protein-coupled PG receptors . Prostaglandins (PG) E(2), PGF (2alpha), PGE (PGE) and PGE(2E(3) are important cytokines in periodontal physiology and pathology . In this study, we examined the effects of the PGE and PG(2 alpha) effects on the immortalized cementoblastic OCCM cells .

We conclude that PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) exert an anabolic effect on OCCM mineralization through activation of PKC signaling.

yes

### Human: PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) alter cell function by binding and activating the plasmamemembrane G-protein-coupled PG receptors . Prostaglandins (PG) E(2), PGF (2alpha), PGE (PGE) and PGE(2E(3) are important cytokines in periodontal physiology and pathology . In this study, we examined the effects of the PGE and PG(2 alpha) effects on the immortalized cementoblastic OCCM cells . Do prostaglandins E ( 2 ) and F ( 2alpha ) enhance differentiation of cementoblastic cells?### Assistant: We conclude that PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) exert an anabolic effect on OCCM mineralization through activation of PKC signaling.

PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) exert an anabolic effect on OCCM mineralization through activation of PK

Does acupuncture therapy result in immediate bronchodilating effect in asthma patients?

16 asthma patients with bronchodilator response >20% improvement of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were randomly assigned to receive 1 performance of real acupuncture (RA) or sham acupuncture . Spirometry was done and recorded before and after acupuncture . The percentage change in FEV1 values after RA was better than after SA (RA, 11.57 +/- 8.11%; SA, 0.32 +/- 7.76%; p = 0.003)

In asthma patients, acupuncture treatment may result in immediate improvement of FEV1, but the degree of improvement is less than that from inhalation bronchodilator.

yes

### Human: 16 asthma patients with bronchodilator response >20% improvement of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were randomly assigned to receive 1 performance of real acupuncture (RA) or sham acupuncture . Spirometry was done and recorded before and after acupuncture . The percentage change in FEV1 values after RA was better than after SA (RA, 11.57 +/- 8.11%; SA, 0.32 +/- 7.76%; p = 0.003) Does acupuncture therapy result in immediate bronchodilating effect in asthma patients?### Assistant: In asthma patients, acupuncture treatment may result in immediate improvement of FEV1, but the degree of improvement is less than that from inhalation bronchodilator.

In asthma patients, acupuncture treatment may result in immediate improvement of FEV1 . But the degree of improvement is less than that from inhal

Do proteomics analyses of subcutaneous adipocytes reveal novel abnormalities in human insulin resistance?

Proteins of isolated adipocytes were quantified by mass spectrometry using normalized spectral abundance factors . Of 1,245 proteins assigned, 30 were detected in at least 12 of the 23 subjects that differed significantly in abundance between IR and IS . IR displayed a pattern of increased cytoskeletal proteins and decreased mitochondrial proteins . In subgroup analyses of adiposity-matched subjects, several of these changes were less pronounced in IR, but the abundance of proteins related to lipid metabolism and the unfolded/misfolded protein response were significantly and unfavorably altered .

These results confirm lower abundance of mitochondrial proteins and suggest increased cytoskeletal proteins and decreased FABP4 and FABP5 in subcutaneous adipocytes of typical IR individuals. Changes in proteins related to lipid metabolism and the unfolded/misfolded protein may discriminate IR and IS individuals of equal adiposity.

yes

### Human: Proteins of isolated adipocytes were quantified by mass spectrometry using normalized spectral abundance factors . Of 1,245 proteins assigned, 30 were detected in at least 12 of the 23 subjects that differed significantly in abundance between IR and IS . IR displayed a pattern of increased cytoskeletal proteins and decreased mitochondrial proteins . In subgroup analyses of adiposity-matched subjects, several of these changes were less pronounced in IR, but the abundance of proteins related to lipid metabolism and the unfolded/misfolded protein response were significantly and unfavorably altered . Do proteomics analyses of subcutaneous adipocytes reveal novel abnormalities in human insulin resistance?### Assistant: These results confirm lower abundance of mitochondrial proteins and suggest increased cytoskeletal proteins and decreased FABP4 and FABP5 in subcutaneous adipocytes of typical IR individuals. Changes in proteins related to lipid metabolism and the unfolded/misfolded protein may discriminate IR and IS individuals of equal adiposity.

Changes in proteins related to lipid metabolism and unfolded/misfolded protein may discriminate IR and IS individuals of equal adiposity .

Is cardiovascular fitness associated with altered cortical glucose metabolism during working memory in ɛ4 carriers?

The possibility that ɛ4 may modulate the effects of fitness in the brain remains controversial . The present exploratory FDG-PET study aimed to better understand the relationship among ɚ4, fitness, and cerebral metabolism in 18 healthy aged women (nine carriers, nine noncarriers) during working memory . High fit ə�4 carriers had greater glucose uptake in the temporal lobe than the low fit ˚4 carriers, but low fit carriers have greater uptake in frontal and parietal lobes .

We demonstrate that fitness differentially affects cerebral metabolism in ɛ4 carriers only, consistent with previous findings that the effects of fitness may be more pronounced in populations genetically at risk for cognitive decline.

yes

### Human: The possibility that ɛ4 may modulate the effects of fitness in the brain remains controversial . The present exploratory FDG-PET study aimed to better understand the relationship among ɚ4, fitness, and cerebral metabolism in 18 healthy aged women (nine carriers, nine noncarriers) during working memory . High fit ə�4 carriers had greater glucose uptake in the temporal lobe than the low fit ˚4 carriers, but low fit carriers have greater uptake in frontal and parietal lobes . Is cardiovascular fitness associated with altered cortical glucose metabolism during working memory in ɛ4 carriers?### Assistant: We demonstrate that fitness differentially affects cerebral metabolism in ɛ4 carriers only, consistent with previous findings that the effects of fitness may be more pronounced in populations genetically at risk for cognitive decline.

We demonstrate that fitness differentially affects cerebral metabolism in ɛ4 carriers only . This is consistent with previous findings that the effects of

Does sRC family kinase inhibitor SU6656 enhance antiangiogenic effect of irradiation?

SU6656 is a small-molecle indolinone that specifically inhibits this family of kinases . In vitro, SU66 56 administered before irradiation significantly enhanced radiation-induced destruction of blood vessels within the tumor windows . In vivo, the effects of SU666656 were studied in mice using Lewis lung carcinoma cells implanted into the dorsal skin fold of mice in the window model and in the hind limb in the tumor volume model . The effects of SFK inhibition on the PI3K/Akt pathway and caspase cleavage were studied .

This study demonstrates the potential use of SFK inhibition to enhance the effects of ionizing radiation during radiotherapy.

yes

### Human: SU6656 is a small-molecle indolinone that specifically inhibits this family of kinases . In vitro, SU66 56 administered before irradiation significantly enhanced radiation-induced destruction of blood vessels within the tumor windows . In vivo, the effects of SU666656 were studied in mice using Lewis lung carcinoma cells implanted into the dorsal skin fold of mice in the window model and in the hind limb in the tumor volume model . The effects of SFK inhibition on the PI3K/Akt pathway and caspase cleavage were studied . Does sRC family kinase inhibitor SU6656 enhance antiangiogenic effect of irradiation?### Assistant: This study demonstrates the potential use of SFK inhibition to enhance the effects of ionizing radiation during radiotherapy.

SFK inhibition can be used to enhance the effects of ionizing radiation during radiotherapy . This study demonstrates the potential use of SFK

Does receptor-interacting protein 140 overexpression promote neuro-2a neuronal differentiation by ERK1/2 signaling?

Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is significantly upregulated in DS brains, suggesting its involvement in DS CNS development abnormalities . The role of RIP140 in neuronal differentiation is still not clear . The current study aimed to investigate the . effect of . RIP140 overexpression on the differentiation of neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cells, in vitro . N2a-RIP140 cells had a significantly increased percentage of cells baring neurites, and numbers of neurites per cell .

RIP140 overexpression promotes N2a cell neuronal differentiation by activating the ERK1/2 pathway.

yes

### Human: Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is significantly upregulated in DS brains, suggesting its involvement in DS CNS development abnormalities . The role of RIP140 in neuronal differentiation is still not clear . The current study aimed to investigate the . effect of . RIP140 overexpression on the differentiation of neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cells, in vitro . N2a-RIP140 cells had a significantly increased percentage of cells baring neurites, and numbers of neurites per cell . Does receptor-interacting protein 140 overexpression promote neuro-2a neuronal differentiation by ERK1/2 signaling?### Assistant: RIP140 overexpression promotes N2a cell neuronal differentiation by activating the ERK1/2 pathway.

RIP140 overexpression promotes N2a cell neuronal differentiation by activating the ERK1/2 pathway .

Are proinsulin levels in patients with pancreatic diabetes associated with functional changes in insulin secretion rather than pancreatic beta-cell area?

Hyperproinsulinaemia has been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes . It is unclear whether this is due to an intrinsic defect in β-cell function or secondary to the increased demand on the β-cells . We investigated whether hyperproinsulin is also present in patients who have secondary diabetes . Intact and total proinsulin levels were compared with the pancreatic β- cell area and measures of insulin secretion and action . There was a weak inverse association between the total pro-insulin/insulin ratio and pancreatic .

Hyperproinsulinaemia is associated with defects in insulin secretion rather than a reduction in β-cell area. The weak association between intact proinsulin and IR argues against the usefulness of this parameter in clinical practice.

yes

### Human: Hyperproinsulinaemia has been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes . It is unclear whether this is due to an intrinsic defect in β-cell function or secondary to the increased demand on the β-cells . We investigated whether hyperproinsulin is also present in patients who have secondary diabetes . Intact and total proinsulin levels were compared with the pancreatic β- cell area and measures of insulin secretion and action . There was a weak inverse association between the total pro-insulin/insulin ratio and pancreatic . Are proinsulin levels in patients with pancreatic diabetes associated with functional changes in insulin secretion rather than pancreatic beta-cell area?### Assistant: Hyperproinsulinaemia is associated with defects in insulin secretion rather than a reduction in β-cell area. The weak association between intact proinsulin and IR argues against the usefulness of this parameter in clinical practice.

Hyperproinsulinaemia is associated with defects in insulin secretion rather than a reduction in β-cell area . The weak association between

Is hIV-1 viral DNA present in ejaculated abnormal spermatozoa of seropositive subjects?

HIV-1 is the major vehicle for HIV-2 infection as it contains free and cell-associated virions and infected cells . The presence of HIV in spermatozoa has been a matter of debate, since the sperm cell fraction may contain somatic infected cells that jeopardize the attribution of the detected virus to the spermatozona . The study found that HIV was detected in 5 out of 12 subjects by nested-PCR and in situ PCR after sperm chromatin decondensation .

We report molecular evidence demonstrating that HIV-1 infected subjects can ejaculate small amounts of HIV-1 DNA-positive abnormal spermatozoa. Their possible role in HIV-1 sexual transmission remains to be clarified.

yes

### Human: HIV-1 is the major vehicle for HIV-2 infection as it contains free and cell-associated virions and infected cells . The presence of HIV in spermatozoa has been a matter of debate, since the sperm cell fraction may contain somatic infected cells that jeopardize the attribution of the detected virus to the spermatozona . The study found that HIV was detected in 5 out of 12 subjects by nested-PCR and in situ PCR after sperm chromatin decondensation . Is hIV-1 viral DNA present in ejaculated abnormal spermatozoa of seropositive subjects?### Assistant: We report molecular evidence demonstrating that HIV-1 infected subjects can ejaculate small amounts of HIV-1 DNA-positive abnormal spermatozoa. Their possible role in HIV-1 sexual transmission remains to be clarified.

HIV-1 infected subjects can ejaculate small amounts of HIV DNA-positive abnormal spermatozoa . Their possible role in HIV-

Does the 208delG mutation in FSCN2 associate with retinal degeneration in Chinese individuals?

The 208delG (c.72delG, p.Thr25GlnfsX120) mutation in the FSCN2 gene was reported to cause retinal diseases ADRP and ADMD . The purpose of this study was to detect this mutation in Chinese individuals, with or without hereditary retinal degeneration . The disease was transmitted as an autosomal dominant (one family), autosomal recessive (two families), or sporadic (five families) trait . Five normal family members also had the mutation .

The 208delG mutation in FSCN2 is not associated with hereditary retinal degeneration in the Chinese individuals examined, which contradicts the original report about mutation in FSCN2 as a cause of ADRP and ADMD. This finding reminds us that great care is needed in making mutation-disease associations.

no

### Human: The 208delG (c.72delG, p.Thr25GlnfsX120) mutation in the FSCN2 gene was reported to cause retinal diseases ADRP and ADMD . The purpose of this study was to detect this mutation in Chinese individuals, with or without hereditary retinal degeneration . The disease was transmitted as an autosomal dominant (one family), autosomal recessive (two families), or sporadic (five families) trait . Five normal family members also had the mutation . Does the 208delG mutation in FSCN2 associate with retinal degeneration in Chinese individuals?### Assistant: The 208delG mutation in FSCN2 is not associated with hereditary retinal degeneration in the Chinese individuals examined, which contradicts the original report about mutation in FSCN2 as a cause of ADRP and ADMD. This finding reminds us that great care is needed in making mutation-disease associations.

The 208delG mutation in FSCN2 is not associated with hereditary retinal degeneration in Chinese individuals examined . This contradicts the

Do antimicrobial peptides enhance the candidacidal activity of antifungal drugs by promoting the efflux of ATP from Candida cells?

Antifungal drugs and antimicrobial peptides suppressed the formation of Candida albicans by a combination of low concentrations of each drug and peptide . All peptides and amphotericin B, but not itraconazole, revealed weak inhibitory activities against ergosterol synthesis . Cell membrane permeability increased by these peptides but also clearly increased by both amphotericins B and itraconsazole . The expression of the Candida drug resistance genes 1 and 2 (CDR1 and CDR2) was increased by each drug .

The examined peptides, especially Pep2 and Hst5, enhance the candidacidal activity of antifungal drugs by promoting anion channel-associated ATP efflux from Candida cells and decreasing efflux of the drugs, which could be useful clinical applications.

yes

### Human: Antifungal drugs and antimicrobial peptides suppressed the formation of Candida albicans by a combination of low concentrations of each drug and peptide . All peptides and amphotericin B, but not itraconazole, revealed weak inhibitory activities against ergosterol synthesis . Cell membrane permeability increased by these peptides but also clearly increased by both amphotericins B and itraconsazole . The expression of the Candida drug resistance genes 1 and 2 (CDR1 and CDR2) was increased by each drug . Do antimicrobial peptides enhance the candidacidal activity of antifungal drugs by promoting the efflux of ATP from Candida cells?### Assistant: The examined peptides, especially Pep2 and Hst5, enhance the candidacidal activity of antifungal drugs by promoting anion channel-associated ATP efflux from Candida cells and decreasing efflux of the drugs, which could be useful clinical applications.

Pep2 and Hst5 enhance the candidacidal activity of antifungal drugs by promoting ATP efflux from Candida cells

Are nail-fold capillary abnormalities associated with anti-centromere antibody and severity of digital ischaemia?

Capillary abnormalities can be quantified using nail-fold capillaroscopy . The study looked at relationships between the degree of capillary abnormality and disease subtypes (lcSSc and dcSSc), duration of RP and the presence of (i) severe digital ischaemia, (ii) positive ACA, (iii) clinically evident calcinosis, (iv) pulmonary arterial hypertension and (v) telangiectases . Positive associations were found between both automated and manually measured distance between capillaries and (i).

Both severe digital ischaemia and positive ACA are associated with measurable nail-fold capillaroscopic change, which has the potential of being an outcome measure for the structural microvascular disease associated with SSc-spectrum disorders.

yes

### Human: Capillary abnormalities can be quantified using nail-fold capillaroscopy . The study looked at relationships between the degree of capillary abnormality and disease subtypes (lcSSc and dcSSc), duration of RP and the presence of (i) severe digital ischaemia, (ii) positive ACA, (iii) clinically evident calcinosis, (iv) pulmonary arterial hypertension and (v) telangiectases . Positive associations were found between both automated and manually measured distance between capillaries and (i). Are nail-fold capillary abnormalities associated with anti-centromere antibody and severity of digital ischaemia?### Assistant: Both severe digital ischaemia and positive ACA are associated with measurable nail-fold capillaroscopic change, which has the potential of being an outcome measure for the structural microvascular disease associated with SSc-spectrum disorders.

Both severe digital ischaemia and positive ACA are associated with measurable nail-fold capillaroscopic change . This has the potential of

Is osteoprotegerin higher in peripheral arterial disease regardless of glycaemic status?

Osteoprotegerin(OPG/RANKL/TRAIL pathway has been implicated in vascular calcification . Data on levels in PAD and effect of co-existent DM are lacking . IL-6 and hsCRP levels were higher in patients with PAD . Only OPG was associated with severity of PAD severity, correlating negatively with ABI (r = 0.26) and PAD was no higher in those with DM plus PAD versus those .

PAD is associated with higher serum OPG, regardless of the co-existence of DM. This finding, in addition to its correlation with severity of PAD, suggests that OPG may be a novel marker for the presence and severity of PAD, possibly by reflecting the degree of underlying vascular calcification.

yes

### Human: Osteoprotegerin(OPG/RANKL/TRAIL pathway has been implicated in vascular calcification . Data on levels in PAD and effect of co-existent DM are lacking . IL-6 and hsCRP levels were higher in patients with PAD . Only OPG was associated with severity of PAD severity, correlating negatively with ABI (r = 0.26) and PAD was no higher in those with DM plus PAD versus those . Is osteoprotegerin higher in peripheral arterial disease regardless of glycaemic status?### Assistant: PAD is associated with higher serum OPG, regardless of the co-existence of DM. This finding, in addition to its correlation with severity of PAD, suggests that OPG may be a novel marker for the presence and severity of PAD, possibly by reflecting the degree of underlying vascular calcification.

PAD is associated with higher serum OPG, regardless of the co-existence of DM . This finding suggests that OPG may be

Does policy improve what beverages are served to young children in child care?

During 2011, the US Department of Agriculture began requiring that sites participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) make drinking water available throughout the day and serve only low-fat or nonfat milk to children aged 2 years and older . California Healthy Beverages in Childcare law additionally required that all child-care sites eliminate all beverages with added sweetener and limit 100% juice to once daily . During 2012, 60% of sites were aware of beverage policies and 23% were judged fully compliant .

A positive effect occurred on beverages served after enactment of state and federal policies. Efforts should continue to promote beverage policies and support their implementation.

yes

### Human: During 2011, the US Department of Agriculture began requiring that sites participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) make drinking water available throughout the day and serve only low-fat or nonfat milk to children aged 2 years and older . California Healthy Beverages in Childcare law additionally required that all child-care sites eliminate all beverages with added sweetener and limit 100% juice to once daily . During 2012, 60% of sites were aware of beverage policies and 23% were judged fully compliant . Does policy improve what beverages are served to young children in child care?### Assistant: A positive effect occurred on beverages served after enactment of state and federal policies. Efforts should continue to promote beverage policies and support their implementation.

A positive effect occurred on beverages served after enactment of state and federal policies . Efforts should continue to promote beverage policies and support their implementation

Does microRNA-124 inhibit migration and invasion by down-regulating ROCK1 in glioma?

miR-124 is dramatically downregulated in clinical specimen of glioma and is negatively correlated with the tumor pathological grading in the current study . The cells transfected by miR.124 expression vector have demonstrated retarded cell mobility . The decreased cell mobility was due to the actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and the reduced cell surface ruffle in U87MG gliomas cells . The results are similar to the cellular responses of U87 MG gliom cells to the treatment of Y-27632, an inhibitor of ROCK protein .

These results suggest that miR-124 may function as anti-migration and anti-invasion influence in glioma and provides a potential approach for developing miR-124-based therapeutic strategies for malignant glioma therapy.

yes

### Human: miR-124 is dramatically downregulated in clinical specimen of glioma and is negatively correlated with the tumor pathological grading in the current study . The cells transfected by miR.124 expression vector have demonstrated retarded cell mobility . The decreased cell mobility was due to the actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and the reduced cell surface ruffle in U87MG gliomas cells . The results are similar to the cellular responses of U87 MG gliom cells to the treatment of Y-27632, an inhibitor of ROCK protein . Does microRNA-124 inhibit migration and invasion by down-regulating ROCK1 in glioma?### Assistant: These results suggest that miR-124 may function as anti-migration and anti-invasion influence in glioma and provides a potential approach for developing miR-124-based therapeutic strategies for malignant glioma therapy.

miR-124 may function as anti-migration and anti-invasion influence in glioma . These results suggest that mi

Does iRAP deficiency attenuate diet-induced obesity in mice through increased energy expenditure?

Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) has been identified a key regulator of GLUT4 transporter as well as angiotensin IV (AngIV) receptor (AT4R) The aim was to determine the role of IRAP in energy metabolism in mice . IRAP(-/-) mice exhibited blunted body weight gain compared to that of WT mice, despite comparable food intake and physical activity . At 20weeks of age, IRAP(IRAP(-%) mice had 25% lower body weight than WT mice .

IRAP deficiency may lead to suppression of PAI-1 expression in adipocytes and upregulation of UCP-1-mediated thermogenesis in BAT and increased energy expenditure to prevent the development of obesity, and these facts suggest a therapeutic potential of IRAP/AT4R blockade in diet-induced obesity.

yes

### Human: Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) has been identified a key regulator of GLUT4 transporter as well as angiotensin IV (AngIV) receptor (AT4R) The aim was to determine the role of IRAP in energy metabolism in mice . IRAP(-/-) mice exhibited blunted body weight gain compared to that of WT mice, despite comparable food intake and physical activity . At 20weeks of age, IRAP(IRAP(-%) mice had 25% lower body weight than WT mice . Does iRAP deficiency attenuate diet-induced obesity in mice through increased energy expenditure?### Assistant: IRAP deficiency may lead to suppression of PAI-1 expression in adipocytes and upregulation of UCP-1-mediated thermogenesis in BAT and increased energy expenditure to prevent the development of obesity, and these facts suggest a therapeutic potential of IRAP/AT4R blockade in diet-induced obesity.

IRAP deficiency may lead to suppression of PAI-1 expression in adipocytes and upregulation of UCP-1-mediated therm

Do distinct microbial populations exist in the mucosa-associated microbiota of sub-groups of irritable bowel syndrome?

There is increasing evidence to support a role for the gastrointestinal microbiota in the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome . Given the evidence of an inflammatory component to IBS, the mucosa-associated microbiota potentially play a key role in its pathogenesis . Patients with IBS had significantly greater numbers of total mucosa . bacteria per mm of rectal epithelium than controls . Maximum number of stools per day negatively correlated with the number of mucosa associated bifidobacteria (P < 0.001) and lactobacilli .

The mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with IBS is significantly different from healthy controls with increases in bacteroides and clostridia and a reduction in bifidobacteria in patients with IBS-D.

yes

### Human: There is increasing evidence to support a role for the gastrointestinal microbiota in the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome . Given the evidence of an inflammatory component to IBS, the mucosa-associated microbiota potentially play a key role in its pathogenesis . Patients with IBS had significantly greater numbers of total mucosa . bacteria per mm of rectal epithelium than controls . Maximum number of stools per day negatively correlated with the number of mucosa associated bifidobacteria (P < 0.001) and lactobacilli . Do distinct microbial populations exist in the mucosa-associated microbiota of sub-groups of irritable bowel syndrome?### Assistant: The mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with IBS is significantly different from healthy controls with increases in bacteroides and clostridia and a reduction in bifidobacteria in patients with IBS-D.

The mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with IBS-D is significantly different from healthy controls . Increases in bacteroides and

Is bax required for resection-induced changes in apoptosis , proliferation , and members of the extrinsic cell death pathways?

After 50% jejunoileal resections or transections, adaptation was analyzed in duodenal-jejunal and ileal segments from C57BL/6 Bax(+/+) and Bax(-/-) mice . By 1-week postresection, villus heights and crypt depths were increased in both genotypes . In Bax.(+) mice, adaptation occurred in concert with increased crypt proliferative and apoptotic indices . Enterocyte migration increased in Bax.-(+%) mice, but Bax (-%) mice did not show increases in proliferation or apoptosis .

Postresection adaptation involves parallel changes in crypt proliferation and apoptosis, but, as observed in Bax(-/-) mice, it can occur without increased proliferation. These studies demonstrate that spontaneous gut apoptosis is Bax independent, whereas adaptation-related apoptosis is Bax-dependent. Differences between resected Bax(+/+) and Bax(-/-) mice suggest that apoptosis in the adapting gut utilizes the extrinsic pathway, but this requires linkage to the mitochondrial pathway via Bax. The increased adaptive response in Bax(-/-) mice indicates that modulation of apoptosis may be useful for enhancing adaptation.

yes

### Human: After 50% jejunoileal resections or transections, adaptation was analyzed in duodenal-jejunal and ileal segments from C57BL/6 Bax(+/+) and Bax(-/-) mice . By 1-week postresection, villus heights and crypt depths were increased in both genotypes . In Bax.(+) mice, adaptation occurred in concert with increased crypt proliferative and apoptotic indices . Enterocyte migration increased in Bax.-(+%) mice, but Bax (-%) mice did not show increases in proliferation or apoptosis . Is bax required for resection-induced changes in apoptosis , proliferation , and members of the extrinsic cell death pathways?### Assistant: Postresection adaptation involves parallel changes in crypt proliferation and apoptosis, but, as observed in Bax(-/-) mice, it can occur without increased proliferation. These studies demonstrate that spontaneous gut apoptosis is Bax independent, whereas adaptation-related apoptosis is Bax-dependent. Differences between resected Bax(+/+) and Bax(-/-) mice suggest that apoptosis in the adapting gut utilizes the extrinsic pathway, but this requires linkage to the mitochondrial pathway via Bax. The increased adaptive response in Bax(-/-) mice indicates that modulation of apoptosis may be useful for enhancing adaptation.

Postresection adaptation involves parallel changes in crypt proliferation and apoptosis . These studies demonstrate that spontaneous gut apoptosis is Bax independent,

Is saline PCO2 an important source of error in the assessment of gastric intramucosal pH?

A comparison of four blood gas analyzers (ABL-520, Ciba Corning, IL-1302, and Nova) used tonometered saline as the reference . The bias of the PCO2 measurement increased (p < .001) at the higher PCO 2 levels . The type of analyzer also influenced the bias (p) of the bias . The use of the buffer reduced the bias of all analyzers . A difference in gastric intramucosal pH of 0.06 pH units can be reliably detected at a PCOO2 of 45 torr (6 kPa) by all analyzer .

Measurement of saline PCO2 is an important source of error in the assessment of gastric intramucosal pH, and the error depends on both the analyzer used and the actual PCO2 level. Direct comparison of pH values obtained by different analyzers is not valid. Changes in gastric intramucosal pH of 0.06 pH units can be detected by most analyzers in the clinically relevant PCO2 level.

yes

### Human: A comparison of four blood gas analyzers (ABL-520, Ciba Corning, IL-1302, and Nova) used tonometered saline as the reference . The bias of the PCO2 measurement increased (p < .001) at the higher PCO 2 levels . The type of analyzer also influenced the bias (p) of the bias . The use of the buffer reduced the bias of all analyzers . A difference in gastric intramucosal pH of 0.06 pH units can be reliably detected at a PCOO2 of 45 torr (6 kPa) by all analyzer . Is saline PCO2 an important source of error in the assessment of gastric intramucosal pH?### Assistant: Measurement of saline PCO2 is an important source of error in the assessment of gastric intramucosal pH, and the error depends on both the analyzer used and the actual PCO2 level. Direct comparison of pH values obtained by different analyzers is not valid. Changes in gastric intramucosal pH of 0.06 pH units can be detected by most analyzers in the clinically relevant PCO2 level.

Changes in gastric intramucosal pH of 0.06 pH units can be detected by most analyzers in the clinically relevant PC

Do herpes viruses and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations influence the virologic and immunologic milieu of the male genital tract?

Study looked at semen and blood samples collected from 115 recently HIV-1 infected antiretroviral naive men who have sex with men . Seminal herpes virus shedding was observed in 75.7% of individuals . CMV and EBV seminal shedding was associated with higher number of seminal T-lymphocytes, but only presence of seminal CMV DNA was linked to increased immune activation of T-lysmphocytes in semen . Study was conducted to further understand the role that chronic viral infections of the male genital tract play on HIV- 1 dynamics and replication .

Despite high median CD4 T-cells numbers, we found a high frequency of herpes viruses seminal shedding in our cohort. Shedding of CMV, EBV and HHV-8 and absence of DRM were associated with increased frequency of HIV-1 shedding and/or higher levels of HIV-1 RNA in semen, which are likely important cofactors for HIV-1 transmission.

yes

### Human: Study looked at semen and blood samples collected from 115 recently HIV-1 infected antiretroviral naive men who have sex with men . Seminal herpes virus shedding was observed in 75.7% of individuals . CMV and EBV seminal shedding was associated with higher number of seminal T-lymphocytes, but only presence of seminal CMV DNA was linked to increased immune activation of T-lysmphocytes in semen . Study was conducted to further understand the role that chronic viral infections of the male genital tract play on HIV- 1 dynamics and replication . Do herpes viruses and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations influence the virologic and immunologic milieu of the male genital tract?### Assistant: Despite high median CD4 T-cells numbers, we found a high frequency of herpes viruses seminal shedding in our cohort. Shedding of CMV, EBV and HHV-8 and absence of DRM were associated with increased frequency of HIV-1 shedding and/or higher levels of HIV-1 RNA in semen, which are likely important cofactors for HIV-1 transmission.

Despite high median CD4 T-cells numbers, we found a high frequency of herpes viruses seminal shedding in our cohort . Shedding of

Are endothelial cells susceptible to rapid siRNA transfection and gene silencing ex vivo?

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection represents a promising strategy for the control of vascular disease . Here, we demonstrate endothelial gene silencing in human saphenous vein using three rapid siRNA transfections amenable for use in the operating room . Distending pressure transfected vein segments were maintained in organ culture . siRNA delivery and gene silenced were assessed by tissue layer using confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry . Cumulative endothelial siRNA . delivery (16% pixels fluorescing) and gene . silencing (46% GAPDH knockdown) exceeded levels achieved in the media/adventitia .

Endothelial gene silencing is possible within the time frame and conditions of surgical application without the use of transfection reagents. The high sensitivity of endothelial cells to siRNA transfection marks the endothelium as a promising target of gene therapy in vascular disease.

yes

### Human: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection represents a promising strategy for the control of vascular disease . Here, we demonstrate endothelial gene silencing in human saphenous vein using three rapid siRNA transfections amenable for use in the operating room . Distending pressure transfected vein segments were maintained in organ culture . siRNA delivery and gene silenced were assessed by tissue layer using confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry . Cumulative endothelial siRNA . delivery (16% pixels fluorescing) and gene . silencing (46% GAPDH knockdown) exceeded levels achieved in the media/adventitia . Are endothelial cells susceptible to rapid siRNA transfection and gene silencing ex vivo?### Assistant: Endothelial gene silencing is possible within the time frame and conditions of surgical application without the use of transfection reagents. The high sensitivity of endothelial cells to siRNA transfection marks the endothelium as a promising target of gene therapy in vascular disease.

The high sensitivity of endothelial cells to siRNA transfection marks the endothelium as a promising target of gene therapy in vascular

Does superoxide dismutase expression attenuate cigarette smoke- or elastase-generated emphysema in mice?

Study aimed to determine if the expression of human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) within the lungs of mice protects against the development of emphysema . Oxidants are believed to play a major role in the development . The study found that the expression prevented the onset of the onset . The results demonstrate for the first time that antioxidants can prevent smoke-induced inflammation and can counteract the proteolytic cascade that leads to emphysma formation in two separate animal models .

These findings indicate that strategies aimed at enhancing or supplementing lung antioxidants could be effective for the prevention and treatment of this disease.

yes

### Human: Study aimed to determine if the expression of human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) within the lungs of mice protects against the development of emphysema . Oxidants are believed to play a major role in the development . The study found that the expression prevented the onset of the onset . The results demonstrate for the first time that antioxidants can prevent smoke-induced inflammation and can counteract the proteolytic cascade that leads to emphysma formation in two separate animal models . Does superoxide dismutase expression attenuate cigarette smoke- or elastase-generated emphysema in mice?### Assistant: These findings indicate that strategies aimed at enhancing or supplementing lung antioxidants could be effective for the prevention and treatment of this disease.

These findings indicate that strategies aimed at enhancing or supplementing lung antioxidants could be effective for the prevention and treatment of this disease .

Does the use of epochs to stage sleep result in incorrect computer-generated AHI values?

The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly less than that derived from absolute sleep staging (AHi(ABS) The AHI from epoch scoring was significantly . less than those derived from . absolute sleep scoring criteria . In a study, we found that 723 (8%) were excluded from the AHI(EP) calculation as they were identified as having occurred during wake . 400 of these (57%) started in an epoch of wake and continued into epoch(s) of sleep .

The use of arbitrarily defined epochs for sleep staging has a direct impact on legitimately scored respiratory events resulting in the systematically incorrect reporting of the AHI. This artefact is due to computerised data reduction excluding all respiratory events that are contained within an epoch(s) of wake as well as those that start in an epoch scored as wake.

yes

### Human: The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly less than that derived from absolute sleep staging (AHi(ABS) The AHI from epoch scoring was significantly . less than those derived from . absolute sleep scoring criteria . In a study, we found that 723 (8%) were excluded from the AHI(EP) calculation as they were identified as having occurred during wake . 400 of these (57%) started in an epoch of wake and continued into epoch(s) of sleep . Does the use of epochs to stage sleep result in incorrect computer-generated AHI values?### Assistant: The use of arbitrarily defined epochs for sleep staging has a direct impact on legitimately scored respiratory events resulting in the systematically incorrect reporting of the AHI. This artefact is due to computerised data reduction excluding all respiratory events that are contained within an epoch(s) of wake as well as those that start in an epoch scored as wake.

Use of arbitrarily defined epochs for sleep staging has a direct impact on legitimately scored respiratory events . This artefact is due to computerised

Is combined clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitor therapy associated with higher cardiovascular event rates after percutaneous coronary intervention : a report from the BASKET trial?

The BAsel Stent Kosten Effektivitäts Trial (BASKET) analysed patients undergoing PCI for the use of PPI therapy . Patients who received PPIs were older (66.5 ± 10.5 vs. 63.3 ± 11.3 years) and more likely to be woman (80% vs. 69%) and have a history of diabetes (29.6% vs 17.3%) compared with those who did not receive PPIs .

In a real-world PCI population, the combination of PPIs and clopidogrel was associated with a doubling of MI rates after 3 years. Even after correction for confounding factors, concomitant PPI use remained an independent predictor of outcome emphasizing the clinical importance of this drug-drug interaction.

yes

### Human: The BAsel Stent Kosten Effektivitäts Trial (BASKET) analysed patients undergoing PCI for the use of PPI therapy . Patients who received PPIs were older (66.5 ± 10.5 vs. 63.3 ± 11.3 years) and more likely to be woman (80% vs. 69%) and have a history of diabetes (29.6% vs 17.3%) compared with those who did not receive PPIs . Is combined clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitor therapy associated with higher cardiovascular event rates after percutaneous coronary intervention : a report from the BASKET trial?### Assistant: In a real-world PCI population, the combination of PPIs and clopidogrel was associated with a doubling of MI rates after 3 years. Even after correction for confounding factors, concomitant PPI use remained an independent predictor of outcome emphasizing the clinical importance of this drug-drug interaction.

In a real-world PCI population, the combination of PPIs and clopidogrel was associated with a doubling of MI rates

Do dynamic changes in microtubular cytoskeleton of human postmature oocytes revert after ooplasm transfer?

Study of influence of ooplasm transfer on microtubule dynamics in human postmature oocytes . Study: Human in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes (n = 65) were processed within 2-3 hours ("young"; n = 16) or at 12-14 hours after maturation "presumably postmatures" Study: Taxol treatment of PPM oocytes resulted in a marked increase in ooplasmsic microtubules in the spindle and ooplas .

Postmature oocytes exhibit a dynamic increase in ooplasmic microtubules. However, these changes revert after transfer of ooplasm from young oocytes.

yes

### Human: Study of influence of ooplasm transfer on microtubule dynamics in human postmature oocytes . Study: Human in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes (n = 65) were processed within 2-3 hours ("young"; n = 16) or at 12-14 hours after maturation "presumably postmatures" Study: Taxol treatment of PPM oocytes resulted in a marked increase in ooplasmsic microtubules in the spindle and ooplas . Do dynamic changes in microtubular cytoskeleton of human postmature oocytes revert after ooplasm transfer?### Assistant: Postmature oocytes exhibit a dynamic increase in ooplasmic microtubules. However, these changes revert after transfer of ooplasm from young oocytes.

Postmature oocytes exhibit a dynamic increase in ooplasmic microtubules . However, these changes revert after transfer of o

Is prognosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy related to endophenotypes?

To investigate if phenotypic variations have prognostic implications in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) Sixty-five consecutive JME patients had video-EEG recording and were followed for at least three years . Reflex traits were defined as seizures and/or EEG discharges induction by eye-closure, photic stimulation, language, praxis or calculation . Group 2 patients had longer epilepsy duration (13.9±9.0 vs. 8.7±8.2; p=0.019) Those with persistent seizures presented younger age at epilepsy onset .

Clinical features and reflex traits have prognosis implications in JME.

yes

### Human: To investigate if phenotypic variations have prognostic implications in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) Sixty-five consecutive JME patients had video-EEG recording and were followed for at least three years . Reflex traits were defined as seizures and/or EEG discharges induction by eye-closure, photic stimulation, language, praxis or calculation . Group 2 patients had longer epilepsy duration (13.9±9.0 vs. 8.7±8.2; p=0.019) Those with persistent seizures presented younger age at epilepsy onset . Is prognosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy related to endophenotypes?### Assistant: Clinical features and reflex traits have prognosis implications in JME.

Clinical features and reflex traits have prognosis implications in JME .

Does late-onset IgA vasculitis in adult patients exhibit distinct clinical characteristics and outcomes?

The aim of this study was to determine whether adult IgA vasculitis patients who developed the disease at an older age differ from early-onset patients in terms of clinical features and outcomes . In total, 100 adult patients were diagnosed with IgA Vasculitis (mean age, 45.61 ± 17.24 years) of whom 31 (31%) had late-onsets disease . Compared to early-onet patients, late-onets patients were less likely to have a preceding upper respiratory tract infection .

Patients with late-onset IgA vasculitis in adults exhibit distinct clinical features characterized by greater renal involvement and worse renal outcomes. Thus, watchful follow-up might be needed for adult IgA vasculitis patients, in particular those with late-onset disease.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study was to determine whether adult IgA vasculitis patients who developed the disease at an older age differ from early-onset patients in terms of clinical features and outcomes . In total, 100 adult patients were diagnosed with IgA Vasculitis (mean age, 45.61 ± 17.24 years) of whom 31 (31%) had late-onsets disease . Compared to early-onet patients, late-onets patients were less likely to have a preceding upper respiratory tract infection . Does late-onset IgA vasculitis in adult patients exhibit distinct clinical characteristics and outcomes?### Assistant: Patients with late-onset IgA vasculitis in adults exhibit distinct clinical features characterized by greater renal involvement and worse renal outcomes. Thus, watchful follow-up might be needed for adult IgA vasculitis patients, in particular those with late-onset disease.

Watchful follow-up might be needed for adult IgA vasculitis patients .

Are fragile histidine triad gene alterations essential for hepatocellular carcinoma development in South Korea?

Aberrant FHIT transcripts were detected in 11 of 48 surrounding non-tumor liver tissues and 27 of 48 HCC samples (22.9% vs 56.3%) No point mutations were identified within the open reading frame region of FHit . Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected in 4 of 42 informative cases for D3S1300, and 3 of 29 informative cases . Reduced expression of protein (Fhit) was observed in 8 (16.7%) of 48 samples, with complete loss of Fhit in only 1 case .

Aberrant FHIT transcripts were more common in HCC tissues as compared to non-cancerous liver tissues. However, Fhit expression was lost or reduced in a minor fraction of HCC tissues, while it was strongly expressed in non-cancerous liver tissues. Therefore, our study suggests that FHIT plays a role in relatively few HCC cases in South Korea.

no

### Human: Aberrant FHIT transcripts were detected in 11 of 48 surrounding non-tumor liver tissues and 27 of 48 HCC samples (22.9% vs 56.3%) No point mutations were identified within the open reading frame region of FHit . Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected in 4 of 42 informative cases for D3S1300, and 3 of 29 informative cases . Reduced expression of protein (Fhit) was observed in 8 (16.7%) of 48 samples, with complete loss of Fhit in only 1 case . Are fragile histidine triad gene alterations essential for hepatocellular carcinoma development in South Korea?### Assistant: Aberrant FHIT transcripts were more common in HCC tissues as compared to non-cancerous liver tissues. However, Fhit expression was lost or reduced in a minor fraction of HCC tissues, while it was strongly expressed in non-cancerous liver tissues. Therefore, our study suggests that FHIT plays a role in relatively few HCC cases in South Korea.

FHIT transcripts were more common in HCC tissues as compared to non-cancerous liver tissues . Fhit expression was lost or

Does co-expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19 predict poor survival in human glioma?

MMP-14 and MMP19 proteins play an important role in the development of human gliomas . Their prognostic values are not clear . The aim of this study was to investigate whether co-expression has prognostic relevance in glioma patients . The overexpression of MMP14 or MMP 19 was significantly associated with the advanced WHO grade (P = 0.02), the low Karnofsky performance score (KPS) and the poor overall survival (both P < 0.01)

These findings indicated for the first time that the co-expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19 is significantly correlated with prognosis in glioma patients, suggesting that the co-expression of these proteins may be used as both an early diagnostic and independent prognostic marker.

yes

### Human: MMP-14 and MMP19 proteins play an important role in the development of human gliomas . Their prognostic values are not clear . The aim of this study was to investigate whether co-expression has prognostic relevance in glioma patients . The overexpression of MMP14 or MMP 19 was significantly associated with the advanced WHO grade (P = 0.02), the low Karnofsky performance score (KPS) and the poor overall survival (both P < 0.01) Does co-expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19 predict poor survival in human glioma?### Assistant: These findings indicated for the first time that the co-expression of MMP-14 and MMP-19 is significantly correlated with prognosis in glioma patients, suggesting that the co-expression of these proteins may be used as both an early diagnostic and independent prognostic marker.

Co-expression of MMP-14 is significantly correlated with prognosis in glioma patients . These findings indicated for the first time

Does the RAB39B p.G192R mutation cause X-linked dominant Parkinson 's disease?

We identified a missense mutation (c.574G > A; p.G192R) in the RAB39B gene that closely segregated with disease and exhibited X-linked dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance in females . The mutation occurred in a highly conserved amino acid residue and was not observed among 87,725 X chromosomes in the Exome Aggregation Consortium dataset . Two additional mutations were predicted to be deleterious but occurred in families that were not sufficiently informative to assess segregation with disease .

Our findings implicate RAB39B, an essential regulator of vesicular-trafficking, in clinically typical PD. Further characterization of normal and aberrant RAB39B function might elucidate important mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD and related disorders.

yes

### Human: We identified a missense mutation (c.574G > A; p.G192R) in the RAB39B gene that closely segregated with disease and exhibited X-linked dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance in females . The mutation occurred in a highly conserved amino acid residue and was not observed among 87,725 X chromosomes in the Exome Aggregation Consortium dataset . Two additional mutations were predicted to be deleterious but occurred in families that were not sufficiently informative to assess segregation with disease . Does the RAB39B p.G192R mutation cause X-linked dominant Parkinson 's disease?### Assistant: Our findings implicate RAB39B, an essential regulator of vesicular-trafficking, in clinically typical PD. Further characterization of normal and aberrant RAB39B function might elucidate important mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD and related disorders.

Our findings implicate RAB39B, an essential regulator of vesicular-trafficking, in clinically typical PD . Further

Does glycogen synthase kinase-3 overexpression replicate electroretinogram anomalies of offspring at high genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder?

Electroretinogram anomalies occur in patients with psychiatric disorders and represent potential biomarkers for diagnosis . Several genetic variants associated with enhanced risk for SZ and/or BD can activate glycogen synthase kinase-3 isozymes (GSK3α and β) Here we examined the potential contribution of GSK3β(+/-) in the modulation of the ERG . An increase in cone a- and b-wave amplitude at Vmax and in rod b-waves was observed in mice having increased (prp GSK3β mice) or reduced (GSk3β) mice .

GSK3 expression modulates some ERG parameters. The phenotype observed in prpGSK3β mice is consistent with observations made in HRs. ERG anomalies observed in GSK3β(+/-) and GSK3α-KO mice confirm an association between the rod and cone b-wave amplitude and the expression of GSK3 isozymes. Changes in GSK3 expression or activity may explain some ERG anomalies in HRs and patients, thus supporting the biological validity of ERG measurements as a valuable biomarker for psychiatric research.

yes

### Human: Electroretinogram anomalies occur in patients with psychiatric disorders and represent potential biomarkers for diagnosis . Several genetic variants associated with enhanced risk for SZ and/or BD can activate glycogen synthase kinase-3 isozymes (GSK3α and β) Here we examined the potential contribution of GSK3β(+/-) in the modulation of the ERG . An increase in cone a- and b-wave amplitude at Vmax and in rod b-waves was observed in mice having increased (prp GSK3β mice) or reduced (GSk3β) mice . Does glycogen synthase kinase-3 overexpression replicate electroretinogram anomalies of offspring at high genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder?### Assistant: GSK3 expression modulates some ERG parameters. The phenotype observed in prpGSK3β mice is consistent with observations made in HRs. ERG anomalies observed in GSK3β(+/-) and GSK3α-KO mice confirm an association between the rod and cone b-wave amplitude and the expression of GSK3 isozymes. Changes in GSK3 expression or activity may explain some ERG anomalies in HRs and patients, thus supporting the biological validity of ERG measurements as a valuable biomarker for psychiatric research.

GSK3 expression modulates some ERG parameters . The phenotype observed in prpGSK3β mice is consistent with observations made

Does cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperature influence perioperative renal function?

The recent introduction of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) perfusion has raised concerns regarding the associated risk of renal dysfunction through its potential to exacerbate the systemic inflammatory response and end-organ injury . A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of CPB perfusion temperature (28 degrees C, 32 degrees C and 37 degrees C) was performed in 30 patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass grafting with normal preoperative renal function . Creatinine clearance increased on CPB by 51%, 185% (32 degrees C), and 112% (37 degree C) during CPB .

These data suggest that cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperature does not influence renal function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

no

### Human: The recent introduction of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) perfusion has raised concerns regarding the associated risk of renal dysfunction through its potential to exacerbate the systemic inflammatory response and end-organ injury . A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of CPB perfusion temperature (28 degrees C, 32 degrees C and 37 degrees C) was performed in 30 patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass grafting with normal preoperative renal function . Creatinine clearance increased on CPB by 51%, 185% (32 degrees C), and 112% (37 degree C) during CPB . Does cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperature influence perioperative renal function?### Assistant: These data suggest that cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperature does not influence renal function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperature does not influence renal function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting .

Is serotonin transporter polymorphism associated with increased apnea-hypopnea index in older adults?

A functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has previously been related to upper airway pathology, but its contribution to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear . We aimed to investigate the relationship between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and genetic variations in the promoter region of the 5-HTTPR in older adults . DNA samples from 94 community-dwelling older adults (57% female, mean age 72 ± 8) were genotyped for the 5HTLPR polymorphism . A single allele change from s to l resulted in an increase of AHI by 4.46 per hour of sleep .

The observed significant association between the 5-HTTLPR l allele and severity of OSA in older adults suggests that the l allele may be important to consider when assessing for OSA in this age group. This association may also explain some of the observed variability among serotonergic pharmacological treatment studies for OSA, and 5-HTT genotype status may have to be taken into account in future therapeutic trials involving serotonergic agents.

yes

### Human: A functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has previously been related to upper airway pathology, but its contribution to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear . We aimed to investigate the relationship between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and genetic variations in the promoter region of the 5-HTTPR in older adults . DNA samples from 94 community-dwelling older adults (57% female, mean age 72 ± 8) were genotyped for the 5HTLPR polymorphism . A single allele change from s to l resulted in an increase of AHI by 4.46 per hour of sleep . Is serotonin transporter polymorphism associated with increased apnea-hypopnea index in older adults?### Assistant: The observed significant association between the 5-HTTLPR l allele and severity of OSA in older adults suggests that the l allele may be important to consider when assessing for OSA in this age group. This association may also explain some of the observed variability among serotonergic pharmacological treatment studies for OSA, and 5-HTT genotype status may have to be taken into account in future therapeutic trials involving serotonergic agents.

The observed significant association between the 5-HTTLPR l allele and severity of OSA in older adults suggests that the l allele may

Is hippocampal atrophy on MRI predictive of histopathological patterns and surgical prognosis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis?

Clinical data were assessed pre-operatively and surgical outcome in the first year post surgery . Positive correlation was encountered between hippocampal volumes and CA1, CA3, CA4, and total estimated neuronal densities . Better results regarding seizure control, i.e. ILAE 1, were achieved by patients with type 1 HS (58.3%) Patients with types 1 and 2 had smaller volumes compared to those with no-HS (p<0.001) and p=0.004, respectively .

This is the first study correlating hippocampal volume on MRI submitted to FreeSurfer processing with ILAE patterns of HS and neuronal loss within each hippocampal subfield, a fundamental finding to anticipate surgical prognosis for patients with drug-resistant MTLE and HS.

yes

### Human: Clinical data were assessed pre-operatively and surgical outcome in the first year post surgery . Positive correlation was encountered between hippocampal volumes and CA1, CA3, CA4, and total estimated neuronal densities . Better results regarding seizure control, i.e. ILAE 1, were achieved by patients with type 1 HS (58.3%) Patients with types 1 and 2 had smaller volumes compared to those with no-HS (p<0.001) and p=0.004, respectively . Is hippocampal atrophy on MRI predictive of histopathological patterns and surgical prognosis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis?### Assistant: This is the first study correlating hippocampal volume on MRI submitted to FreeSurfer processing with ILAE patterns of HS and neuronal loss within each hippocampal subfield, a fundamental finding to anticipate surgical prognosis for patients with drug-resistant MTLE and HS.

First study to anticipate surgical prognosis for patients with drug-resistant MTLE and HS .

Does chronic administration of lipopolysaccharide and proteases induce periodontal inflammation and hepatic steatosis in rats?

A rat periodontitis model was used to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between periodontritis and liver diseases . Chronic administration of LPS and proteases to the gingival sulcus in rats induced periodsontitis and liver injury . Apoptosis, enhanced concentration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and activated production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver were observed in the periodontiti group, with increased gingivitis and reactive oxygen species in the liver .

Periodontal inflammation in a rat model induced fatty liver disease through increased serum LPS.

yes

### Human: A rat periodontitis model was used to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between periodontritis and liver diseases . Chronic administration of LPS and proteases to the gingival sulcus in rats induced periodsontitis and liver injury . Apoptosis, enhanced concentration of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and activated production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver were observed in the periodontiti group, with increased gingivitis and reactive oxygen species in the liver . Does chronic administration of lipopolysaccharide and proteases induce periodontal inflammation and hepatic steatosis in rats?### Assistant: Periodontal inflammation in a rat model induced fatty liver disease through increased serum LPS.

Periodontal inflammation in a rat model induced fatty liver disease through increased serum LPS .

Is hes1 , an important gene for activation of hepatic stellate cells , regulated by Notch1 and TGF-β/BMP signaling?

The expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNAs was significantly down-regulated during the culture of freshly isolated HSCs . In HSC-T6 cells, Notch 1 inhibited the promoter activities of α-SMA, COL1α1, COL 1α2 and COL1a2 . On the other hand, Hes1 enhanced the promoter activity of αSMA and COL 1a2, and this effect could be blocked by inhibiting Hes1 function with a Hes1 decoy .

Selective interruption of Hes1 or maintenance of Hes1 at a reasonable level decreases the promoter activities of α-SMA and COL1α2, and these conditions may provide an anti-fibrotic strategy against hepatic fibrosis.

yes

### Human: The expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNAs was significantly down-regulated during the culture of freshly isolated HSCs . In HSC-T6 cells, Notch 1 inhibited the promoter activities of α-SMA, COL1α1, COL 1α2 and COL1a2 . On the other hand, Hes1 enhanced the promoter activity of αSMA and COL 1a2, and this effect could be blocked by inhibiting Hes1 function with a Hes1 decoy . Is hes1 , an important gene for activation of hepatic stellate cells , regulated by Notch1 and TGF-β/BMP signaling?### Assistant: Selective interruption of Hes1 or maintenance of Hes1 at a reasonable level decreases the promoter activities of α-SMA and COL1α2, and these conditions may provide an anti-fibrotic strategy against hepatic fibrosis.

Hes1 or maintenance of Hes1 at a reasonable level decreases the promoter activities of α-SMA and COL1α2 . These

Is carbon dioxide insufflation useful for obtaining clear images of the bile duct during peroral cholangioscopy ( with video )?

CO(2) insufflation into the bile duct during POCS was significantly superior to those with saline solution irrigation . No serious POCs-related complications occurred during the procedure . The quality of the images of the . bile . duct lumen with CO(1) was . significantly superior . in both clarity (P < .05) and color (P = .05), in particular, extremely clear images could be obtained from the middle part of common bile. duct to the right and left hepatic duct .

The number of patients examined was small.

yes

### Human: CO(2) insufflation into the bile duct during POCS was significantly superior to those with saline solution irrigation . No serious POCs-related complications occurred during the procedure . The quality of the images of the . bile . duct lumen with CO(1) was . significantly superior . in both clarity (P < .05) and color (P = .05), in particular, extremely clear images could be obtained from the middle part of common bile. duct to the right and left hepatic duct . Is carbon dioxide insufflation useful for obtaining clear images of the bile duct during peroral cholangioscopy ( with video )?### Assistant: The number of patients examined was small.

The number of patients examined was small .

Does coping predict depression and disability in heart transplant candidates?

The aim of this study was to describe the coping strategies used by cardiac patients who are pursuing heart transplant . The aim was to determine which coping strategies are related to depression and self-reported disability . Coping styles were measured using the COPE Inventory . Depression and disability were only significantly correlated with maladaptive coping strategies . Denial had the strongest association with depression, and focusing on and venting emotions had the . strongest . association with disability . Multiple regressions demonstrated that denial had the. strongest association . with depression .

Maladaptive coping styles, such as denial and focusing and venting of emotions, can serve as markers of emotional distress and disability that may identify patients who may benefit from psychologic and psychiatric interventions.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study was to describe the coping strategies used by cardiac patients who are pursuing heart transplant . The aim was to determine which coping strategies are related to depression and self-reported disability . Coping styles were measured using the COPE Inventory . Depression and disability were only significantly correlated with maladaptive coping strategies . Denial had the strongest association with depression, and focusing on and venting emotions had the . strongest . association with disability . Multiple regressions demonstrated that denial had the. strongest association . with depression . Does coping predict depression and disability in heart transplant candidates?### Assistant: Maladaptive coping styles, such as denial and focusing and venting of emotions, can serve as markers of emotional distress and disability that may identify patients who may benefit from psychologic and psychiatric interventions.

Maladaptive coping styles can be markers of emotional distress and disability . Patients may benefit from psychologic and psychiatric interventions .

Do autologous dendritic cells combined with cytokine-induced killer cells synergize low-dose chemotherapy in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia?

DCs and CIK cells obtained at initial diagnosis of AML in elderly patients were cultured and used in combination with low-dose chemo therapy to treat these patients . Elderly patients with AML treated only with low dose chemotherapy served as the control group . T cell subsets and cytokine levels after immunotherapy treatment were significantly higher than before the treatment . The clinical efficacy in the immunotherapy group was greater than in the control of the control group . The percentages of T cell subsets and cytokine levels after treatment were significantly higher .

Immuno therapy with autologous DCs and CIK cells was found to be a promising candidate for treatment of AML in elderly patients.

yes

### Human: DCs and CIK cells obtained at initial diagnosis of AML in elderly patients were cultured and used in combination with low-dose chemo therapy to treat these patients . Elderly patients with AML treated only with low dose chemotherapy served as the control group . T cell subsets and cytokine levels after immunotherapy treatment were significantly higher than before the treatment . The clinical efficacy in the immunotherapy group was greater than in the control of the control group . The percentages of T cell subsets and cytokine levels after treatment were significantly higher . Do autologous dendritic cells combined with cytokine-induced killer cells synergize low-dose chemotherapy in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia?### Assistant: Immuno therapy with autologous DCs and CIK cells was found to be a promising candidate for treatment of AML in elderly patients.

Immuno therapy with autologous DCs and CIK cells was found to be a promising candidate for treatment of AML in elderly

Is reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age?

Changes in the human microbiome have been suggested as a risk factor for a number of lifestyle-related disorders, such as atopic diseases, possibly through a modifying influence on immune maturation in infancy . We found that bacterial diversity in the early intestinal flora 1 and 12 months after birth was inversely associated with the risk of allergic sensitization, allergic rhinitis, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, asthma, and atopic dermatitis . There was no association with the development of asthma or atopic skin prick tests .

Reduced bacterial diversity of the infant's intestinal flora was associated with increased risk of allergic sensitization, allergic rhinitis, and peripheral blood eosinophilia, but not asthma or atopic dermatitis, in the first 6 years of life. These results support the general hypothesis that an imbalance in the intestinal microbiome is influencing the development of lifestyle-related disorders, such as allergic disease.

yes

### Human: Changes in the human microbiome have been suggested as a risk factor for a number of lifestyle-related disorders, such as atopic diseases, possibly through a modifying influence on immune maturation in infancy . We found that bacterial diversity in the early intestinal flora 1 and 12 months after birth was inversely associated with the risk of allergic sensitization, allergic rhinitis, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, asthma, and atopic dermatitis . There was no association with the development of asthma or atopic skin prick tests . Is reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age?### Assistant: Reduced bacterial diversity of the infant's intestinal flora was associated with increased risk of allergic sensitization, allergic rhinitis, and peripheral blood eosinophilia, but not asthma or atopic dermatitis, in the first 6 years of life. These results support the general hypothesis that an imbalance in the intestinal microbiome is influencing the development of lifestyle-related disorders, such as allergic disease.

Reduced bacterial diversity of the infant's intestinal flora was associated with increased risk of allergic sensitization, allergic rhinitis, and peripheral blood

Is a complex additive model of inheritance for Hirschsprung disease supported by both RET mutations and predisposing RET haplotypes?

The RET proto-oncogene is considered to be the major susceptibility gene involved in Hirschsprung disease . Traditional RET germline mutations account for a small subset of HirschSprung disease patients . There is a specific haplotype of RET associated with the sporadic forms of the disease . We have screened the coding region of RET in 106 Spanish Hirsch Sprung patients using dHPLC technology . A significant over-transmission of the "Hirschsprunk disease haplotype" was detected when comparing transmitted versus nontransmitted alleles in the group of Hilssprung Disease triads without mutation .

These results would be concordant with a complex additive model of inheritance. The whole findings seem to suggest that low-penetrance mutations would be necessary but not sufficient and the additional presence of the "Hirschsprung disease haplotype" could contribute to the manifestation of the disease.

yes

### Human: The RET proto-oncogene is considered to be the major susceptibility gene involved in Hirschsprung disease . Traditional RET germline mutations account for a small subset of HirschSprung disease patients . There is a specific haplotype of RET associated with the sporadic forms of the disease . We have screened the coding region of RET in 106 Spanish Hirsch Sprung patients using dHPLC technology . A significant over-transmission of the "Hirschsprunk disease haplotype" was detected when comparing transmitted versus nontransmitted alleles in the group of Hilssprung Disease triads without mutation . Is a complex additive model of inheritance for Hirschsprung disease supported by both RET mutations and predisposing RET haplotypes?### Assistant: These results would be concordant with a complex additive model of inheritance. The whole findings seem to suggest that low-penetrance mutations would be necessary but not sufficient and the additional presence of the "Hirschsprung disease haplotype" could contribute to the manifestation of the disease.

Low-penetrance mutations would be necessary but not sufficient . The additional presence of the "Hirschsprung disease haplotype"

Are invasive urodynamic studies well tolerated by the patients and associated with a low risk of urinary tract infection?

Pressure/flow studies (pQS) is the only way of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction . There is controversy regarding whether or not prophylactic antibiotic treatment is necessary . This prospective study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of infections and/or distress after pQS performed without the use of antibiotic pro-phylaxis . One hundred and twenty-three patients were included in the present study, all males . Forty-six per cent of the patients experienced some degree of transient dysuria after the procedure . 18.5% experienced voiding problems of varying nature .

PQS is well accepted by the patients and the regular use of propylactic antibiotics is not indicated. We recommend, though, that patients at risk for serious complications from infections (e.g. those with prosthetic heart valves) should receive prophylactic antibiotics.

yes

### Human: Pressure/flow studies (pQS) is the only way of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction . There is controversy regarding whether or not prophylactic antibiotic treatment is necessary . This prospective study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of infections and/or distress after pQS performed without the use of antibiotic pro-phylaxis . One hundred and twenty-three patients were included in the present study, all males . Forty-six per cent of the patients experienced some degree of transient dysuria after the procedure . 18.5% experienced voiding problems of varying nature . Are invasive urodynamic studies well tolerated by the patients and associated with a low risk of urinary tract infection?### Assistant: PQS is well accepted by the patients and the regular use of propylactic antibiotics is not indicated. We recommend, though, that patients at risk for serious complications from infections (e.g. those with prosthetic heart valves) should receive prophylactic antibiotics.

PQS is well accepted by the patients and the regular use of propylactic antibiotics is not indicated . Patients at risk for serious

Is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with circulating antiepithelial antibodies?

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a restrictive fibrotic lung disease of uncertain etiology . Alveolar epithelial injury may be one of the inciting triggers in the pathogenesis of this disorder . We hypothesized that circulating antibodies to alveolar . epithelial and endothelial cells may be involved in pathogenesis . IPF patients displayed significantly higher . IgG binding to . epithelium cells (P = 0.041) with a . membranous pattern of immunofluorescence .

There is evidence of increased IgG antibodies directed against alveolar epithelium in IPF. These antibodies may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this fibrotic disorder. The findings of this study suggest further evaluation of the role of immune mediated alveolar epithelial injury in IPF.

yes

### Human: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a restrictive fibrotic lung disease of uncertain etiology . Alveolar epithelial injury may be one of the inciting triggers in the pathogenesis of this disorder . We hypothesized that circulating antibodies to alveolar . epithelial and endothelial cells may be involved in pathogenesis . IPF patients displayed significantly higher . IgG binding to . epithelium cells (P = 0.041) with a . membranous pattern of immunofluorescence . Is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with circulating antiepithelial antibodies?### Assistant: There is evidence of increased IgG antibodies directed against alveolar epithelium in IPF. These antibodies may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this fibrotic disorder. The findings of this study suggest further evaluation of the role of immune mediated alveolar epithelial injury in IPF.

There is evidence of increased IgG antibodies directed against alveolar epithelium in IPF . These antibodies may play a significant role

Do adherence counseling and reminder text messages improve uptake of antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria?

A randomized control trial among non-adherents was carried out in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria between March and July, 2011 . A total of 104 patients: 45 males (43.3%) and 59 females (56.7%) participated in the study . The intervention group received monthly adherence counseling and twice weekly short message reminders for four months . The control group received only standard care . At post-intervention, 76.9% of the intervention group achieved adherence . Median CD4+ cell count increased from 193 cells/ml to 575.0 cells/ML .

Adherence counseling and text message reminders improved adherence among HIV patients. Its adoption for HIV patient management is advocated.

yes

### Human: A randomized control trial among non-adherents was carried out in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria between March and July, 2011 . A total of 104 patients: 45 males (43.3%) and 59 females (56.7%) participated in the study . The intervention group received monthly adherence counseling and twice weekly short message reminders for four months . The control group received only standard care . At post-intervention, 76.9% of the intervention group achieved adherence . Median CD4+ cell count increased from 193 cells/ml to 575.0 cells/ML . Do adherence counseling and reminder text messages improve uptake of antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria?### Assistant: Adherence counseling and text message reminders improved adherence among HIV patients. Its adoption for HIV patient management is advocated.

Adherence counseling and text message reminders improved adherence among HIV patients . Its adoption for HIV patient management is advocated .

Are female fetuses more reactive when mother eats chocolate?

The aim of our study was to analyze whether there is a gender difference in the effects of maternal chocolate ingestion (80% cocoa) on the fetus . 100 pregnant women with uncomplicated term gestation, matched for age and parity, underwent computerized FHR recording before and after eating 30 g of 80% cocoa chocolate . The percent variation of the movements/hour, accelerations, episodes of high variation/min and short-term variation in ms increased after chocolate ingestion . The number of contractions/hour and number of accelerations/hour increased after maternal chocolate eating .

The maternal ingestion of dark chocolate induces much more reactivity in female fetuses than in males. This finding supports the existence of an innate gender difference for the effects of chocolate, present even since the fetal period.

yes

### Human: The aim of our study was to analyze whether there is a gender difference in the effects of maternal chocolate ingestion (80% cocoa) on the fetus . 100 pregnant women with uncomplicated term gestation, matched for age and parity, underwent computerized FHR recording before and after eating 30 g of 80% cocoa chocolate . The percent variation of the movements/hour, accelerations, episodes of high variation/min and short-term variation in ms increased after chocolate ingestion . The number of contractions/hour and number of accelerations/hour increased after maternal chocolate eating . Are female fetuses more reactive when mother eats chocolate?### Assistant: The maternal ingestion of dark chocolate induces much more reactivity in female fetuses than in males. This finding supports the existence of an innate gender difference for the effects of chocolate, present even since the fetal period.

Maternal ingestion of dark chocolate induces much more reactivity in female fetuses than in males . This finding supports the existence of an innate

Does early antiretroviral treatment prevent the development of central nervous system abnormalities in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys?

Antiretroviral regimens have been efficacious in improving life expectancy and decreasing dementia . But there has not been an effect on the overall prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders . Early treatment also significantly lowered brain levels of interferon-alpha, a cytokine that can lead to neuroc cognitive and behavioral alterations, authors say . Early introduction of antiriririral treatment can protect the brain, they say . The number of infiltrating immune cells in the brain did not change with treatment, their phenotype did .

Early antiretroviral treatment prevents central nervous system dysfunction by decreasing brain viral load and interferon-alpha levels, which can have a profound impact over the course of infection.

yes

### Human: Antiretroviral regimens have been efficacious in improving life expectancy and decreasing dementia . But there has not been an effect on the overall prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders . Early treatment also significantly lowered brain levels of interferon-alpha, a cytokine that can lead to neuroc cognitive and behavioral alterations, authors say . Early introduction of antiriririral treatment can protect the brain, they say . The number of infiltrating immune cells in the brain did not change with treatment, their phenotype did . Does early antiretroviral treatment prevent the development of central nervous system abnormalities in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys?### Assistant: Early antiretroviral treatment prevents central nervous system dysfunction by decreasing brain viral load and interferon-alpha levels, which can have a profound impact over the course of infection.

Antiretroviral treatment prevents central nervous system dysfunction by decreasing brain viral load and interferon-alpha levels, which can have

Are lengths of stay for involuntarily held psychiatric patients in the ED affected by both patient characteristics and medication use?

Patients on involuntary mental health holds experience longer treatment times in emergency departments . Longer LOSs were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, use of antipsychotics, and use of benzodiazepines . Study looked at historical cohort of patients placed on involuntary health holds was studied in 2 general EDs . Study found that LOS times were significantly longer with presentation on the weekends and with use of medication . Study was conducted by patients placed in 2 EDs from January 2009-August 16, 2010 .

Lengths of stay for patients on involuntary mental health holds are associated with several factors outside the control of the typical ED clinician such as the ability to clear holds quickly due to day of week or placement of the hold for suicidal ideation. Lengths of stay are also increased by factors within the control of the typical ED clinician, such as administration of calming medication.

yes

### Human: Patients on involuntary mental health holds experience longer treatment times in emergency departments . Longer LOSs were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, use of antipsychotics, and use of benzodiazepines . Study looked at historical cohort of patients placed on involuntary health holds was studied in 2 general EDs . Study found that LOS times were significantly longer with presentation on the weekends and with use of medication . Study was conducted by patients placed in 2 EDs from January 2009-August 16, 2010 . Are lengths of stay for involuntarily held psychiatric patients in the ED affected by both patient characteristics and medication use?### Assistant: Lengths of stay for patients on involuntary mental health holds are associated with several factors outside the control of the typical ED clinician such as the ability to clear holds quickly due to day of week or placement of the hold for suicidal ideation. Lengths of stay are also increased by factors within the control of the typical ED clinician, such as administration of calming medication.

Lengths of stay for patients on involuntary mental health holds are associated with several factors outside the control of the typical ED clinician such as

Does chemotherapy improve survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer?

In pancreatic and biliary cancer, chemotherapy may relieve tumour-related symptoms, improve quality of life and possibly prolong survival . The extent of these improvements is not completely known in spite of the extensive use of this treatment modality . The aim of this study was to estimate any gain in the quantity and quality of . life produced by chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic . and bilectal cancer . The effects were seen both in pancreatic cancer and bili-biliary cancer .

The results show that chemotherapy can add to both quantity and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. The number of patients who benefit from treatment is, however, still limited; for this reason careful selection before, and close monitoring during, treatment are necessary.

yes

### Human: In pancreatic and biliary cancer, chemotherapy may relieve tumour-related symptoms, improve quality of life and possibly prolong survival . The extent of these improvements is not completely known in spite of the extensive use of this treatment modality . The aim of this study was to estimate any gain in the quantity and quality of . life produced by chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic . and bilectal cancer . The effects were seen both in pancreatic cancer and bili-biliary cancer . Does chemotherapy improve survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer?### Assistant: The results show that chemotherapy can add to both quantity and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. The number of patients who benefit from treatment is, however, still limited; for this reason careful selection before, and close monitoring during, treatment are necessary.

The number of patients who benefit from treatment is, however, still limited . For this reason careful selection before, and close monitoring during,

Are biologic factors associated with tumor oxygenation prognostic in patients with stage III esophageal cancer : long-term results?

Long-term results of a study investigating potential prognostic factors for treatment outcomes in patients with stage III esophageal cancer are presented . Low EPO expression was associated with survival on univariate (p=0.010) but not on multivariate analysis . On multivariable analysis, improved loco-regional control was significantly associated with hemoglobin levels during radiotherapy . improved survival was significantly linked to hemoglobin . during treatment . during . radiotherapy, surgery . The study was conducted in 64 patients .

The long-term results confirm that hemoglobin levels during radiotherapy and tumor cell expression of EPO-R are significant prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.

yes

### Human: Long-term results of a study investigating potential prognostic factors for treatment outcomes in patients with stage III esophageal cancer are presented . Low EPO expression was associated with survival on univariate (p=0.010) but not on multivariate analysis . On multivariable analysis, improved loco-regional control was significantly associated with hemoglobin levels during radiotherapy . improved survival was significantly linked to hemoglobin . during treatment . during . radiotherapy, surgery . The study was conducted in 64 patients . Are biologic factors associated with tumor oxygenation prognostic in patients with stage III esophageal cancer : long-term results?### Assistant: The long-term results confirm that hemoglobin levels during radiotherapy and tumor cell expression of EPO-R are significant prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Hemoglobin levels during radiotherapy and tumor cell expression of EPO-R are significant prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced esoph

Is cryptococcal encephalitis in thermally injured mice accelerated by type 2 T-cell responses?

Cryptococcus neoformans infection in normal mice was compared with that in thermally injured mice (TI mice) and mice treated with a mixture of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, or normal mice inoculated with burn-associated type 2 T cells . At the maximum (15 days after infection), numbers of C. neoforman organisms in brains of TI mice were 10 times higher than those of the pathogen in normal mouse brains . After stimulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, IL-4 (but not interferon gamma) was produced in cultures of T lymphocytes from mice 15 days after the infection .

Burn-associated type 2 T cells or their cytokine products play a key role in the severity of cryptococcal encephalitis that develops in TI mice.

yes

### Human: Cryptococcus neoformans infection in normal mice was compared with that in thermally injured mice (TI mice) and mice treated with a mixture of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, or normal mice inoculated with burn-associated type 2 T cells . At the maximum (15 days after infection), numbers of C. neoforman organisms in brains of TI mice were 10 times higher than those of the pathogen in normal mouse brains . After stimulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, IL-4 (but not interferon gamma) was produced in cultures of T lymphocytes from mice 15 days after the infection . Is cryptococcal encephalitis in thermally injured mice accelerated by type 2 T-cell responses?### Assistant: Burn-associated type 2 T cells or their cytokine products play a key role in the severity of cryptococcal encephalitis that develops in TI mice.

Burn-associated type 2 T cells play a key role in the severity of cryptococcal encephalitis that develops in TI mice .

Do lycra ( ® ) arm splints improve movement fluency in children with cerebral palsy?

To determine changes in upper limb movement substructures that denote fluency of movement in children with cerebral palsy (CP) following lycra(®) splint wear . Secondarily, to explore the efficacy of lycranic splints for those with spastic and dystonic hypertonia . Three-dimensional (3D) upper limb kinematics was used to assess four functional tasks at baseline, on initial lycrap(®), on initial splint application, three months after splint . The magnitude of changes in normalised jerk and the percentage of jerk in the primary movement from baseline to three months was greatest in children .

The results indicate that lycra(®) arm splinting induced significant changes in movement substructures and motor performance in children with CP. This research demonstrates that fluency of movement can be quantified and is amenable to change with intervention.

yes

### Human: To determine changes in upper limb movement substructures that denote fluency of movement in children with cerebral palsy (CP) following lycra(®) splint wear . Secondarily, to explore the efficacy of lycranic splints for those with spastic and dystonic hypertonia . Three-dimensional (3D) upper limb kinematics was used to assess four functional tasks at baseline, on initial lycrap(®), on initial splint application, three months after splint . The magnitude of changes in normalised jerk and the percentage of jerk in the primary movement from baseline to three months was greatest in children . Do lycra ( ® ) arm splints improve movement fluency in children with cerebral palsy?### Assistant: The results indicate that lycra(®) arm splinting induced significant changes in movement substructures and motor performance in children with CP. This research demonstrates that fluency of movement can be quantified and is amenable to change with intervention.

The results indicate that lycra(®) arm splinting induced significant changes in movement substructures and motor performance in children

Do thermoreactive clips reduce sternal infection : a propensity-matched comparison with sternal wires?

This paper examines whether nitinol thermoreactive clips reduce sternal wound infection rates in obese patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥30] compared with sternal wires . The sternal wire group was older (mean age 66.62 ± 10.1 vs 64.35 ± 9.8 years, P = 0.00) with a greater proportion of females (39 vs 26.00), with a higher proportion of female patients (39) in the group . There was no difference in sternal wounds infection rates .

Thermoreactive clips did not have an advantage in the prevention of superficial or deep sternal wound infection in obese patients undergoing sternotomy.

no

### Human: This paper examines whether nitinol thermoreactive clips reduce sternal wound infection rates in obese patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥30] compared with sternal wires . The sternal wire group was older (mean age 66.62 ± 10.1 vs 64.35 ± 9.8 years, P = 0.00) with a greater proportion of females (39 vs 26.00), with a higher proportion of female patients (39) in the group . There was no difference in sternal wounds infection rates . Do thermoreactive clips reduce sternal infection : a propensity-matched comparison with sternal wires?### Assistant: Thermoreactive clips did not have an advantage in the prevention of superficial or deep sternal wound infection in obese patients undergoing sternotomy.

Thermoreactive clips did not have an advantage in the prevention of superficial or deep sternal wound infection .

Is perifoveal vitreous detachment the primary pathogenic event in idiopathic macular hole formation?

26 eyes of 26 consecutive patients with stage 1 or stage 2 idiopathic macular hole underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, contact lens biomicroscopy, and B-scan ultrasonography or vitreoretinal surgery . In eyes that were operated on, the posterior cortical vitreous layer was meticulously examined with a silicone-tipped cannula . In 25 (96%) of 26 eyes, one or more examination techniques revealed a shallow, localized detachment of the perifoveal vitreously . In 12 (92%) of 13 eyes with a stage 2 hole but no operculum .

These findings suggest that localized perifoveal vitreous detachment (an early stage of age-related posterior vitreous detachment) is the primary pathogenic event in idiopathic macular hole formation. We postulate that detachment of the posterior hyaloid from the pericentral retina leads to foveal dehiscence by exerting anterior traction on the foveola and by localizing into the foveola the dynamic vitreous traction associated with ocular rotations.

yes

### Human: 26 eyes of 26 consecutive patients with stage 1 or stage 2 idiopathic macular hole underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, contact lens biomicroscopy, and B-scan ultrasonography or vitreoretinal surgery . In eyes that were operated on, the posterior cortical vitreous layer was meticulously examined with a silicone-tipped cannula . In 25 (96%) of 26 eyes, one or more examination techniques revealed a shallow, localized detachment of the perifoveal vitreously . In 12 (92%) of 13 eyes with a stage 2 hole but no operculum . Is perifoveal vitreous detachment the primary pathogenic event in idiopathic macular hole formation?### Assistant: These findings suggest that localized perifoveal vitreous detachment (an early stage of age-related posterior vitreous detachment) is the primary pathogenic event in idiopathic macular hole formation. We postulate that detachment of the posterior hyaloid from the pericentral retina leads to foveal dehiscence by exerting anterior traction on the foveola and by localizing into the foveola the dynamic vitreous traction associated with ocular rotations.

These findings suggest that localized perifoveal vitreous detachment (an early stage of age-related posterior vitreusous detachment

Are therapeutic effects and adverse drug reactions affected by icotinib exposure and CYP2C19 and EGFR genotypes in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients?

The aim of this study was to evaluate how CYP2C19 affects icotinib and metabolite' exposure, and to determine whether the exposure and EGFR genotype influences survival time, tumor metastasis and adverse drug reactions .274 NSCLC patients who accepted 125 mg icotib/t.i.d. were chosen from a phase III study . Patients with mutant EGFR experienced a higher median PFS and OS (234 and 627 days), especially those with the 19del genotype demonstrating higher PR ratio .

CYP2C19 polymorphisms significantly affect icotinib, M24 and M26 exposure. Patients with mutant EGFR genotype and higher icotinib concentration might have increased PFS and OS and lower tumor metastasis. Liver ADR events and serious skin effects might be respectively induced by greater M20, M23 and icotinib concentrations.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study was to evaluate how CYP2C19 affects icotinib and metabolite' exposure, and to determine whether the exposure and EGFR genotype influences survival time, tumor metastasis and adverse drug reactions .274 NSCLC patients who accepted 125 mg icotib/t.i.d. were chosen from a phase III study . Patients with mutant EGFR experienced a higher median PFS and OS (234 and 627 days), especially those with the 19del genotype demonstrating higher PR ratio . Are therapeutic effects and adverse drug reactions affected by icotinib exposure and CYP2C19 and EGFR genotypes in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients?### Assistant: CYP2C19 polymorphisms significantly affect icotinib, M24 and M26 exposure. Patients with mutant EGFR genotype and higher icotinib concentration might have increased PFS and OS and lower tumor metastasis. Liver ADR events and serious skin effects might be respectively induced by greater M20, M23 and icotinib concentrations.

CY2C19 polymorphisms significantly affect icotinib, M24 and M26 exposure . Patients with mutant EGFR genotype and

Do repeated ultrasound guided fetal injections of corticosteroid alter nervous system maturation in the ovine fetus?

Repeated fetal injections of betamethasone achieve serial improvements in preterm lung function in sheep . We evaluated the effect of repeated fetal administration of the drug on nervous system maturation in an ovine model . The process of performing repeated fetal injections also significantly affected some retinal parameters . Repeated maternal injections of corticosteroid did not significantly affect optic nerve myelination but resulted in significant delays in sciatic axonal growth (p < 0.02) and retinal maturation .

Repeated fetal administration of betamethasone alters some aspects of nervous system maturation in sheep. It is premature to plan trials of repeated fetal corticosteroid therapy in humans.

yes

### Human: Repeated fetal injections of betamethasone achieve serial improvements in preterm lung function in sheep . We evaluated the effect of repeated fetal administration of the drug on nervous system maturation in an ovine model . The process of performing repeated fetal injections also significantly affected some retinal parameters . Repeated maternal injections of corticosteroid did not significantly affect optic nerve myelination but resulted in significant delays in sciatic axonal growth (p < 0.02) and retinal maturation . Do repeated ultrasound guided fetal injections of corticosteroid alter nervous system maturation in the ovine fetus?### Assistant: Repeated fetal administration of betamethasone alters some aspects of nervous system maturation in sheep. It is premature to plan trials of repeated fetal corticosteroid therapy in humans.

Repeated fetal administration of betamethasone alters some aspects of nervous system maturation in sheep .

Are genotypes and viremia of hepatitis B and D viruses associated with outcomes of chronic hepatitis D patients?

Viremia and viral genotypes were analyzed in 194 chronic hepatitis B patients with HDV superinfection . Patients infected with genotype I HDV had a lower remission rate (15.2% vs 40.2%; P = .007) and more adverse outcomes (cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, or mortality) than those with genotypes II HDV . The presence of HBV or HDV viremia was associated with lower remission rates compared with those negative for both .

In chronic HBV and HDV dual infections, older age, genotype I HDV, and genotype C HBV correlated with adverse outcomes.

yes

### Human: Viremia and viral genotypes were analyzed in 194 chronic hepatitis B patients with HDV superinfection . Patients infected with genotype I HDV had a lower remission rate (15.2% vs 40.2%; P = .007) and more adverse outcomes (cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, or mortality) than those with genotypes II HDV . The presence of HBV or HDV viremia was associated with lower remission rates compared with those negative for both . Are genotypes and viremia of hepatitis B and D viruses associated with outcomes of chronic hepatitis D patients?### Assistant: In chronic HBV and HDV dual infections, older age, genotype I HDV, and genotype C HBV correlated with adverse outcomes.

In chronic HBV and HDV dual infections, older age, genotype I HDV, and genotype C HBV correlated with

Is activation of FOXO1 critical for the anticancer effect of methylseleninic acid in prostate cancer cells?

MSA inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells . The growth inhibitory effect could be attributed to cell cycle block and apoptosis induction . The study was designed to investigate the involvement of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the anticancer effect of MSA . Blocking FOXO1 activation by gene silencing abolished apoptosis by MSA, suggesting FOXO plays a critical role in mediating the apoptotic effect of the anti-cancer drug . We found that ectopic expression of FOXO 1 suppressed the transcriptional activity of AR .

In prostate cancer cells, MSA activates the FOXO1 signaling pathway. FOXO1 activation is critical for the anticancer effects of MSA.

yes

### Human: MSA inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells . The growth inhibitory effect could be attributed to cell cycle block and apoptosis induction . The study was designed to investigate the involvement of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the anticancer effect of MSA . Blocking FOXO1 activation by gene silencing abolished apoptosis by MSA, suggesting FOXO plays a critical role in mediating the apoptotic effect of the anti-cancer drug . We found that ectopic expression of FOXO 1 suppressed the transcriptional activity of AR . Is activation of FOXO1 critical for the anticancer effect of methylseleninic acid in prostate cancer cells?### Assistant: In prostate cancer cells, MSA activates the FOXO1 signaling pathway. FOXO1 activation is critical for the anticancer effects of MSA.

In prostate cancer cells, MSA activates the FOXO1 signaling pathway . FOXO 1 activation is critical for the anticancer effects of

Do contraceptive policies affect post-abortion provision of long-acting reversible contraception?

Placement of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) directly after an abortion provides immediate contraceptive protection and has been proven safe . Most patients were provided with contraception; 6.6% chose LARC methods offering the highest level of protection . State policies had a significant impact on how women paid for contraception and the likelihood of LARC use . Patient use was higher in states with contraceptive coverage mandates or Medicaid family planning expansion programs (p ≤.01) or Medicaid expansion programs . LARC was lower in stand-alone abortion clinics, but higher with recent clinician training and in the absence of clinic flow barriers .

Use of the most effective contraceptives immediately post-abortion is rare in the United States. State policies, high cost to patients, and the ongoing need for clinician training in the methods hinder provision and patient uptake. Contraceptive policies are an important component of abortion patient access to the most effective methods.

yes

### Human: Placement of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) directly after an abortion provides immediate contraceptive protection and has been proven safe . Most patients were provided with contraception; 6.6% chose LARC methods offering the highest level of protection . State policies had a significant impact on how women paid for contraception and the likelihood of LARC use . Patient use was higher in states with contraceptive coverage mandates or Medicaid family planning expansion programs (p ≤.01) or Medicaid expansion programs . LARC was lower in stand-alone abortion clinics, but higher with recent clinician training and in the absence of clinic flow barriers . Do contraceptive policies affect post-abortion provision of long-acting reversible contraception?### Assistant: Use of the most effective contraceptives immediately post-abortion is rare in the United States. State policies, high cost to patients, and the ongoing need for clinician training in the methods hinder provision and patient uptake. Contraceptive policies are an important component of abortion patient access to the most effective methods.

Use of the most effective contraceptives immediately post-abortion is rare in the U.S. State policies, high cost to patients, and

Is p-glycoprotein more efficient at limiting uptake than inducing efflux of colchicine and vinblastine in HL-60 cells?

Uptake and efflux kinetics were studied in vitro in human lymphocytes and in HL-60 cells with or without the P-GP modulator, verapamil . In HL-50 cells, colchicine uptake was non-linear and slower than that of vinblastine . Verapamamil did not significantly modify colchichine uptake half-life, but increased its intracellular accumulation by 23% and that of . vinblasine by 81% .

P-gp may not be the main reason for the slowness of colchicine uptake. It may be more efficient at controlling entry of colchicine and vinblastine through the plasma membrane than at mediating their efflux from HL-60 cells.

yes

### Human: Uptake and efflux kinetics were studied in vitro in human lymphocytes and in HL-60 cells with or without the P-GP modulator, verapamil . In HL-50 cells, colchicine uptake was non-linear and slower than that of vinblastine . Verapamamil did not significantly modify colchichine uptake half-life, but increased its intracellular accumulation by 23% and that of . vinblasine by 81% . Is p-glycoprotein more efficient at limiting uptake than inducing efflux of colchicine and vinblastine in HL-60 cells?### Assistant: P-gp may not be the main reason for the slowness of colchicine uptake. It may be more efficient at controlling entry of colchicine and vinblastine through the plasma membrane than at mediating their efflux from HL-60 cells.

P-GP may not be the main reason for the slowness of colchicine uptake . It may be more efficient at

Does inhibition of MKP-1 expression potentiate JNK related apoptosis in renal cancer cells?

Anisomycin (JNK activator) and Ro-318220 (MKP-1 expression inhibitor) were analyzed by alamar blue assay . Cells treated with anisomyin resulted in a transient activation of JNK without inducing apoptosis . When cells were treated with Ro-317220, MKP1 expression decreased in Caki-1 and KU 20-01 cells but not in ACHN or 769P cells . Combined treatment of Caki1 and . KU .20-01 . cells with an .isomyc and Ro.318220 resulted in . a decrease in MKP . expression concomitant with persistent JNK activation .

These results suggest that prevalent MKP-1 expression in RCC contributes to cancer cell survival by attenuating an apoptosis inducing signal cascade via JNK. Since Ro-318220 potentiated JNK related apoptosis, JNK activation by blocking MKP-1 expression may be an effective therapeutic approach to RCC.

yes

### Human: Anisomycin (JNK activator) and Ro-318220 (MKP-1 expression inhibitor) were analyzed by alamar blue assay . Cells treated with anisomyin resulted in a transient activation of JNK without inducing apoptosis . When cells were treated with Ro-317220, MKP1 expression decreased in Caki-1 and KU 20-01 cells but not in ACHN or 769P cells . Combined treatment of Caki1 and . KU .20-01 . cells with an .isomyc and Ro.318220 resulted in . a decrease in MKP . expression concomitant with persistent JNK activation . Does inhibition of MKP-1 expression potentiate JNK related apoptosis in renal cancer cells?### Assistant: These results suggest that prevalent MKP-1 expression in RCC contributes to cancer cell survival by attenuating an apoptosis inducing signal cascade via JNK. Since Ro-318220 potentiated JNK related apoptosis, JNK activation by blocking MKP-1 expression may be an effective therapeutic approach to RCC.

Ro-318220 potentiated JNK related apoptosis, JNK activation by blocking MKP-1 expression may be an effective therapeutic

Do changes in high-frequency QRS components are more sensitive than ST-segment deviation for detecting acute coronary artery occlusion?

Study describes changes in high-frequency QRS components (HF-QRS) during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) Compared the ability of these changes in HF QRS and ST-segment deviation in the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect acute coronary artery occlusion . Previous studies have shown decreased HF-Q RS in the frequency range of 150-250 Hz during acute myocardial ischemia .

Acute coronary artery occlusion is detected with higher sensitivity using high-frequency QRS analysis compared with conventional assessment of ST segments. This result suggests that analysis of HF-QRS could provide an adjunctive tool with high sensitivity for detecting acute myocardial ischemia.

yes

### Human: Study describes changes in high-frequency QRS components (HF-QRS) during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) Compared the ability of these changes in HF QRS and ST-segment deviation in the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect acute coronary artery occlusion . Previous studies have shown decreased HF-Q RS in the frequency range of 150-250 Hz during acute myocardial ischemia . Do changes in high-frequency QRS components are more sensitive than ST-segment deviation for detecting acute coronary artery occlusion?### Assistant: Acute coronary artery occlusion is detected with higher sensitivity using high-frequency QRS analysis compared with conventional assessment of ST segments. This result suggests that analysis of HF-QRS could provide an adjunctive tool with high sensitivity for detecting acute myocardial ischemia.

High-frequency QRS analysis detected with higher sensitivity compared with conventional assessment of ST segments . This result suggests that analysis of HF-Q

Is manual therapy an effective treatment for frozen shoulder in diabetics : an observational study?

50 patients (10 males, 40 females) orthopedic surgeons referred to the Sports Physiotherapy Unit were included in the study . The patients were divided into two groups, including patients with primary frozen shoulder with type II diabetes mellitus and non diabetics . The range of motion, functional activity status and muscular strength were improved and the pain level was reduced after rehabilitation in all of the patients in both groups . There was no difference in duration of the treatment between the groups (p>0.05)

Manual therapy approaches may be safely applied in diabetic patients with frozen shoulder.

yes

### Human: 50 patients (10 males, 40 females) orthopedic surgeons referred to the Sports Physiotherapy Unit were included in the study . The patients were divided into two groups, including patients with primary frozen shoulder with type II diabetes mellitus and non diabetics . The range of motion, functional activity status and muscular strength were improved and the pain level was reduced after rehabilitation in all of the patients in both groups . There was no difference in duration of the treatment between the groups (p>0.05) Is manual therapy an effective treatment for frozen shoulder in diabetics : an observational study?### Assistant: Manual therapy approaches may be safely applied in diabetic patients with frozen shoulder.

Manual therapy approaches may be safely applied in diabetic patients with frozen shoulder .

Does labrador tea ( Rhododendron groenlandicum ) attenuate insulin resistance in a diet-induced obesity mouse model?

Labrador tea is a beverage and medicinal tea used by the Cree Nations of northern Quebec . C57BL6 mice were given standard chow or high-fat diet for 8 weeks until they became obese and insulin resistant . Labrador tea significantly reduced blood glucose (13%) and plasma insulin (65%) while preventing hepatic steatosis (42%) in DIO mice . It stimulated insulin-dependent Akt pathway (55%) and increased the expression of GLUT4 (53%) in skeletal muscle .

Labrador tea exerts potential antidiabetic action by improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. They validate the safety and efficacy of this plant, a promising candidate for culturally relevant complementary treatment in Cree diabetics.

yes

### Human: Labrador tea is a beverage and medicinal tea used by the Cree Nations of northern Quebec . C57BL6 mice were given standard chow or high-fat diet for 8 weeks until they became obese and insulin resistant . Labrador tea significantly reduced blood glucose (13%) and plasma insulin (65%) while preventing hepatic steatosis (42%) in DIO mice . It stimulated insulin-dependent Akt pathway (55%) and increased the expression of GLUT4 (53%) in skeletal muscle . Does labrador tea ( Rhododendron groenlandicum ) attenuate insulin resistance in a diet-induced obesity mouse model?### Assistant: Labrador tea exerts potential antidiabetic action by improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. They validate the safety and efficacy of this plant, a promising candidate for culturally relevant complementary treatment in Cree diabetics.

Labrador tea exerts potential antidiabetic action by improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia

Is stroke after coronary bypass surgery mainly related to diffuse atherosclerotic disease?

Between 1999 and 2008, 3248 consecutive patients underwent isolated coronary surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass . Postoperative stroke was defined as severe adverse neurological events including permanent deficits or cerebral lesions with radiological demonstration of cerebral infarction within the first postoperative month . 32 patients (0.9%) were determined with stroke . Univariate risk factors for postoperative stroke were determined as preoperative unstable angina (P = .006), Canadian Class of Angina (CCA) and preoperative creatininin level >1.2 mg/dL .

Stroke after coronary bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is mainly related to diffuse atherosclerotic disease.

yes

### Human: Between 1999 and 2008, 3248 consecutive patients underwent isolated coronary surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass . Postoperative stroke was defined as severe adverse neurological events including permanent deficits or cerebral lesions with radiological demonstration of cerebral infarction within the first postoperative month . 32 patients (0.9%) were determined with stroke . Univariate risk factors for postoperative stroke were determined as preoperative unstable angina (P = .006), Canadian Class of Angina (CCA) and preoperative creatininin level >1.2 mg/dL . Is stroke after coronary bypass surgery mainly related to diffuse atherosclerotic disease?### Assistant: Stroke after coronary bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is mainly related to diffuse atherosclerotic disease.

Stroke after coronary bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is mainly related to diffuse atherosclerotic disease .

Is hIV-1 a major driver of increased plasma IL-6 levels in chronic HIV-1 disease?

Increased plasma IL-6 levels have been associated with HIV-1 disease progression risk . This study was designed to explore the relationship between HIV 1 replication and IL- 6 induction . Macrophages and colonic and lymph node histocultures were infected with HIV 1 or stimulated with bacterial products, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or flagellin . IL 6 levels were correlated with plasma levels of the LPS coreceptor CD14, but IL 6 was not increased in lymph node histoculture after HIV-1 infection .

We find no evidence that HIV-1 replication is an important driver of IL-6 expression in vivo or in in vitro systems.

no

### Human: Increased plasma IL-6 levels have been associated with HIV-1 disease progression risk . This study was designed to explore the relationship between HIV 1 replication and IL- 6 induction . Macrophages and colonic and lymph node histocultures were infected with HIV 1 or stimulated with bacterial products, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or flagellin . IL 6 levels were correlated with plasma levels of the LPS coreceptor CD14, but IL 6 was not increased in lymph node histoculture after HIV-1 infection . Is hIV-1 a major driver of increased plasma IL-6 levels in chronic HIV-1 disease?### Assistant: We find no evidence that HIV-1 replication is an important driver of IL-6 expression in vivo or in in vitro systems.

HIV-1 replication is not an important driver of IL-6 expression in vivo or in in vitro systems .

Is skin surface topography grading a valid measure of skin photoaging?

The technique of grading the surface topography of sun-exposed skin using silicone impressions of the skin surface is a simple, non-invasive method for measuring skin damage because of sun exposure . The method has never been validated in a community setting . A random sample of 195 adults aged 18-79 years and living in Nambour, Australia (latitude, 26 degrees South) had a silicone impression taken of the back of the left hand and a 2 mm punch biopsy of the same site .

Grading silicone impressions of skin surface topography is a highly reliable and a valid measure of photoaging and enables prediction of dermal elastosis in a population setting.

yes

### Human: The technique of grading the surface topography of sun-exposed skin using silicone impressions of the skin surface is a simple, non-invasive method for measuring skin damage because of sun exposure . The method has never been validated in a community setting . A random sample of 195 adults aged 18-79 years and living in Nambour, Australia (latitude, 26 degrees South) had a silicone impression taken of the back of the left hand and a 2 mm punch biopsy of the same site . Is skin surface topography grading a valid measure of skin photoaging?### Assistant: Grading silicone impressions of skin surface topography is a highly reliable and a valid measure of photoaging and enables prediction of dermal elastosis in a population setting.

Grading silicone impressions of skin surface topography is a valid measure of photoaging . It enables prediction of dermal elastosis in

Is sildenafil a useful modulator of ABCB1 and ABCG2 mediated drug resistance in vivo?

Sildenafil was reported to be an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-GP/ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in vitro . We have now investigated the in vivo potency of sildenfil . We found it did not improve the brain penetration of docetaxel and topotecan, but increased the plasma levels of cytotoxic drugs, but not by inhibition of Abcb1 or Abcg2 .

These results demonstrate that the potency and specificity of sildenafil as an inhibitor of ABCB1 and ABCG2 is not sufficient to warrant further clinical testing of this agent in combination with anticancer drugs.

no

### Human: Sildenafil was reported to be an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-GP/ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in vitro . We have now investigated the in vivo potency of sildenfil . We found it did not improve the brain penetration of docetaxel and topotecan, but increased the plasma levels of cytotoxic drugs, but not by inhibition of Abcb1 or Abcg2 . Is sildenafil a useful modulator of ABCB1 and ABCG2 mediated drug resistance in vivo?### Assistant: These results demonstrate that the potency and specificity of sildenafil as an inhibitor of ABCB1 and ABCG2 is not sufficient to warrant further clinical testing of this agent in combination with anticancer drugs.

These results demonstrate that the potency and specificity of sildenafil as an inhibitor of ABCB1 and ABCG2 is not

Are functional polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor gene associated with osteoporosis?

The P2X(7) receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel . We investigated the effect of both loss-of-function and gain-of .function polymorphisms in the P2 X(7 ) receptor gene on BMD and risk of vertebral fractures . We found that five polymorphisms and haplotypes containing three of these polymorphisms were associated with . BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and vertebral fracture risk assessed by spinal X-rays .

In conclusion, we found that functional polymorphisms in the P2X(7) receptor gene and haplotypes containing three of these polymorphisms are associated with osteoporosis.

yes

### Human: The P2X(7) receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel . We investigated the effect of both loss-of-function and gain-of .function polymorphisms in the P2 X(7 ) receptor gene on BMD and risk of vertebral fractures . We found that five polymorphisms and haplotypes containing three of these polymorphisms were associated with . BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and vertebral fracture risk assessed by spinal X-rays . Are functional polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor gene associated with osteoporosis?### Assistant: In conclusion, we found that functional polymorphisms in the P2X(7) receptor gene and haplotypes containing three of these polymorphisms are associated with osteoporosis.

Functional polymorphisms in the P2X(7) receptor gene and haplotypes containing three of these polymorphisms are associated with osteop

Is the effect of antiplatelet drugs clopidogrel and aspirin less immediately after stent implantation?

The aim was to investigate if the inhibition of platelet function by clopidogrel and aspirin is equal at two different time points: immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and one day thereafter . Platelet reactivity index, the adenosine diphosphate/prostaglandin and the arachidonic acid -induced platelet aggregation were 23% (p=0.009), 75% (P=0) and 127%) higher post PCI than one day after .

Inhibition of platelets by clopidogrel and aspirin was less immediately post PCI as compared to one day thereafter. This indicates that the time point of platelet function testing is important for the determination of cut-off points and the definition of nonresponsiveness to antiplatelet drugs.

yes

### Human: The aim was to investigate if the inhibition of platelet function by clopidogrel and aspirin is equal at two different time points: immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and one day thereafter . Platelet reactivity index, the adenosine diphosphate/prostaglandin and the arachidonic acid -induced platelet aggregation were 23% (p=0.009), 75% (P=0) and 127%) higher post PCI than one day after . Is the effect of antiplatelet drugs clopidogrel and aspirin less immediately after stent implantation?### Assistant: Inhibition of platelets by clopidogrel and aspirin was less immediately post PCI as compared to one day thereafter. This indicates that the time point of platelet function testing is important for the determination of cut-off points and the definition of nonresponsiveness to antiplatelet drugs.

Inhibition of platelets by clopidogrel and aspirin was less immediately post PCI as compared to one day thereafter . This indicates

Are pulse pressure and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument independently associated with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease among type 2 diabetes community residents : a community-based screening program in Taiwan?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the major manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis . It plays an important role in low-extremity amputation in type 2 diabetic patients . The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic PAD . Age, history of stroke, longer duration of diabetes, unemployment or retirement, pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, and high MNSI score were risk factors . PAD increased significantly with increment in the prevalence of PAD and MNSi .

In summary, the overall prevalence of asymptomatic PAD in the type 2 diabetic adults was 9.2%. Age, history of stroke, pulse pressure and MNSI score may provide important clinical information. Primary care physicians should be aware of asymptomatic patients with high pulse pressure and MNSI scores.

yes

### Human: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the major manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis . It plays an important role in low-extremity amputation in type 2 diabetic patients . The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic PAD . Age, history of stroke, longer duration of diabetes, unemployment or retirement, pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, and high MNSI score were risk factors . PAD increased significantly with increment in the prevalence of PAD and MNSi . Are pulse pressure and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument independently associated with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease among type 2 diabetes community residents : a community-based screening program in Taiwan?### Assistant: In summary, the overall prevalence of asymptomatic PAD in the type 2 diabetic adults was 9.2%. Age, history of stroke, pulse pressure and MNSI score may provide important clinical information. Primary care physicians should be aware of asymptomatic patients with high pulse pressure and MNSI scores.

Asymptomatic PAD prevalence in type 2 diabetic adults was 9.2% . Age, history of stroke, pulse pressure and

Do two months follow up of auto-CPAP treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea?

Auto-CPAP devices apply at any time the minimally required pressure to normalise breathing and may improve patient comfort and compliance . We present an open descriptive study of auto-CPap treatment at home in patients previously managed with conventional CPAP . No systematic changes in CPAP related side effects were reported and no systematic changes were reported . The Epworth sleepiness score did not change significantly between baseline and follow up after one and two months of follow-up . A significant correlation was found between the effective CPAP pressure (Peff) and the amount of time spent below Peff during auto CPAP treatment .

Long term auto-CPAP treatment in these patients with severe OSA appears to provide comparable efficacy to that of standard CPAP treatment.

yes

### Human: Auto-CPAP devices apply at any time the minimally required pressure to normalise breathing and may improve patient comfort and compliance . We present an open descriptive study of auto-CPap treatment at home in patients previously managed with conventional CPAP . No systematic changes in CPAP related side effects were reported and no systematic changes were reported . The Epworth sleepiness score did not change significantly between baseline and follow up after one and two months of follow-up . A significant correlation was found between the effective CPAP pressure (Peff) and the amount of time spent below Peff during auto CPAP treatment . Do two months follow up of auto-CPAP treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea?### Assistant: Long term auto-CPAP treatment in these patients with severe OSA appears to provide comparable efficacy to that of standard CPAP treatment.

Auto-CPAP treatment in these patients with severe OSA appears to provide comparable efficacy to that of standard CPAP treatment . Auto-

Does huntingtin exist as Multiple Splice Forms in Human Brain?

A CAG repeat expansion in HTT has been known to cause Huntington's disease for over 20 years . Few reports have detailed alternative splicing or alternative transcripts of HTT . Of the 22 splice variants found, eight were in-frame with the potential to encode novel HTT protein isoforms . Two splice variant were selected for further study; HTT Δex4,5,6 and HTTex41b which includes a novel exon created via partial retention of intron 41 . 3D protein homology modelling showed that both splices are of potential functional significance .

The identification of novel HTT transcripts has implications for HTT protein isoform expression and function. Understanding the functional significance of HTT alternative splicing would be critical to guide the design of potential therapeutics in HD that aim to reduce the toxic HTT transcript or protein product including RNA silencing and correction of mis-splicing in disease.

yes

### Human: A CAG repeat expansion in HTT has been known to cause Huntington's disease for over 20 years . Few reports have detailed alternative splicing or alternative transcripts of HTT . Of the 22 splice variants found, eight were in-frame with the potential to encode novel HTT protein isoforms . Two splice variant were selected for further study; HTT Δex4,5,6 and HTTex41b which includes a novel exon created via partial retention of intron 41 . 3D protein homology modelling showed that both splices are of potential functional significance . Does huntingtin exist as Multiple Splice Forms in Human Brain?### Assistant: The identification of novel HTT transcripts has implications for HTT protein isoform expression and function. Understanding the functional significance of HTT alternative splicing would be critical to guide the design of potential therapeutics in HD that aim to reduce the toxic HTT transcript or protein product including RNA silencing and correction of mis-splicing in disease.

Identifying novel HTT transcripts has implications for HTT protein isoform expression and function . Understanding the functional significance of HTT alternative spl

Are functional status and radiographic joint damage associated with health economic outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

This analysis examines relationship between functional and radiographic measures of disease activity and employment status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis . We also assessed influence of improvement in physical function on employability, healthcare costs, and quality of life . During the ATTRACT trial, patients who achieved a clinically important improvement in their employability had a significant improvement in employability (21% vs 3%) compared with those who did not demonstrate this improvement . Increased radiographic joint damage was associated with lower full-time employment rate .

Functional disability and radiographic joint damage are correlated with employment in patients with RA. Clinically important improvement in HAQ scores is associated with substantial health economic and quality of life benefits for patients with RA.

yes

### Human: This analysis examines relationship between functional and radiographic measures of disease activity and employment status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis . We also assessed influence of improvement in physical function on employability, healthcare costs, and quality of life . During the ATTRACT trial, patients who achieved a clinically important improvement in their employability had a significant improvement in employability (21% vs 3%) compared with those who did not demonstrate this improvement . Increased radiographic joint damage was associated with lower full-time employment rate . Are functional status and radiographic joint damage associated with health economic outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?### Assistant: Functional disability and radiographic joint damage are correlated with employment in patients with RA. Clinically important improvement in HAQ scores is associated with substantial health economic and quality of life benefits for patients with RA.

Functional disability and radiographic joint damage are correlated with employment in patients with RA . Clinically important improvement in HAQ scores is associated

Is behaviour really at risk after surviving meningitis in childhood?

Behaviour problems, personality, self-perceived competence and academic deficits in children who had recovered from non-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacterial meningitis (BM) without obvious medical sequelae . 182 children, mean age 10 (range 5-14) years, were compared to scores of norm reference groups . More children were estimated to have academic deficits (27%) than behaviour problems as perceived by the parents (9%) The mean deviation from normal was absent to moderate on behaviour problems and personality variables .

Children who survived non-Hib BM without severe medical sequelae hardly differ from normal children with respect to personality and self-perceived competence. A small proportion deviates from normal in behaviour problems.

no

### Human: Behaviour problems, personality, self-perceived competence and academic deficits in children who had recovered from non-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacterial meningitis (BM) without obvious medical sequelae . 182 children, mean age 10 (range 5-14) years, were compared to scores of norm reference groups . More children were estimated to have academic deficits (27%) than behaviour problems as perceived by the parents (9%) The mean deviation from normal was absent to moderate on behaviour problems and personality variables . Is behaviour really at risk after surviving meningitis in childhood?### Assistant: Children who survived non-Hib BM without severe medical sequelae hardly differ from normal children with respect to personality and self-perceived competence. A small proportion deviates from normal in behaviour problems.

Children who survived non-Hib BM without severe medical sequelae hardly differ from normal children with respect to personality and self-perceived

Is the syndrome of lung hemorrhage and nephritis usually an ANCA-associated condition?

The syndrome of lung hemorrhage and nephritis has been commonly associated with anti-GBM antibodies . Many cases are associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) In 48 patients with ANCAs, the pathologic findings that accounted for the pulmonary renal syndrome were pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis and pulmonary capillaritis . Only eight had convincing evidence (during life) of Wegener's granulomatosis .

The largest group of patients who present with the syndrome of lung hemorrhage and nephritis have ANCAs and not anti-GMB antibodies. Appropriate tests for antibodies to proteinase 3, antibodies to myeloperoxidase, and anti-GBM antibodies provide reliable guides for making a diagnosis in patients with this pulmonary renal syndrome.

yes

### Human: The syndrome of lung hemorrhage and nephritis has been commonly associated with anti-GBM antibodies . Many cases are associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) In 48 patients with ANCAs, the pathologic findings that accounted for the pulmonary renal syndrome were pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis and pulmonary capillaritis . Only eight had convincing evidence (during life) of Wegener's granulomatosis . Is the syndrome of lung hemorrhage and nephritis usually an ANCA-associated condition?### Assistant: The largest group of patients who present with the syndrome of lung hemorrhage and nephritis have ANCAs and not anti-GMB antibodies. Appropriate tests for antibodies to proteinase 3, antibodies to myeloperoxidase, and anti-GBM antibodies provide reliable guides for making a diagnosis in patients with this pulmonary renal syndrome.

The largest group of patients who present with the syndrome of lung hemorrhage and nephritis have ANCAs and not anti-GMB

Does the GABAergic system contribute to the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus ( lemongrass )?

Essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf is widely used in traditional medicine as an infusion or decoction . Despite this widely use, there are few controlled studies confirming its biological activity in central nervous system . The anxiolytic-like activity of the EO was investigated in light/dark box (LDB) and marble-burying test (MBT) and forced-swimming test (FST) in mice . The EO activity occurs via the GABA(A) receptor-benzodiazepine complex .

The results corroborate the use of Cymbopogon citratus in folk medicine and suggest that the anxiolytic-like effect of its EO is mediated by the GABA(A) receptor-benzodiazepine complex.

yes

### Human: Essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf is widely used in traditional medicine as an infusion or decoction . Despite this widely use, there are few controlled studies confirming its biological activity in central nervous system . The anxiolytic-like activity of the EO was investigated in light/dark box (LDB) and marble-burying test (MBT) and forced-swimming test (FST) in mice . The EO activity occurs via the GABA(A) receptor-benzodiazepine complex . Does the GABAergic system contribute to the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus ( lemongrass )?### Assistant: The results corroborate the use of Cymbopogon citratus in folk medicine and suggest that the anxiolytic-like effect of its EO is mediated by the GABA(A) receptor-benzodiazepine complex.

The anxiolytic-like effect of Cymbopogon citratus is mediated by the GABA(A) receptor-

Does homocysteine activate cAMP-response element binding protein in HepG2 through cAMP/PKA signaling pathway?

Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disorders . One of the transcription factors activated in the liver during hyperhomocysteemia was cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) CREB regulates the expression of many genes including those involved in lipid and glucose metabolism . Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase not only reduced the intracellular cAMP levels elevated by Hcy treatment but also inhibited PKA activation and prevented Hcy-induced CREB phosphorylation .

These results suggest that the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway plays an important role in mediating Hcy-induced CREB activation in hepatocyte.

yes

### Human: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disorders . One of the transcription factors activated in the liver during hyperhomocysteemia was cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) CREB regulates the expression of many genes including those involved in lipid and glucose metabolism . Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase not only reduced the intracellular cAMP levels elevated by Hcy treatment but also inhibited PKA activation and prevented Hcy-induced CREB phosphorylation . Does homocysteine activate cAMP-response element binding protein in HepG2 through cAMP/PKA signaling pathway?### Assistant: These results suggest that the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway plays an important role in mediating Hcy-induced CREB activation in hepatocyte.

These results suggest that the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway plays an important role in mediating Hcy-induced CREB activation in

Is quality of life after aortic valve repair similar to Ross patients and superior to mechanical valve replacement : a cross-sectional study?

Aortic valve-sparing surgery (with regards to the age of the patient) was studied in 139 patients after aortic . valve surgery . The younger patients scored significantly better in 4 of 4 physical subscales and in 2 of 4 mental subscales than the older patients . In the valve-specific questionnaire, all 3 groups free of anticoagulation (Y, O, and R) displayed greater freedom from negative valve-related concerns. In SF-36, the younger patients and the Ross patients scored better in .

Postoperative quality of life is influenced by the type of aortic valve procedure and is negatively linked with mechanical prosthesis implantation and long-term anticoagulation. Aortic valve-sparing strategy should be considered in cases with suitable valve morphology due to favorable clinical results and beneficial impact on the long-term quality of life.

yes

### Human: Aortic valve-sparing surgery (with regards to the age of the patient) was studied in 139 patients after aortic . valve surgery . The younger patients scored significantly better in 4 of 4 physical subscales and in 2 of 4 mental subscales than the older patients . In the valve-specific questionnaire, all 3 groups free of anticoagulation (Y, O, and R) displayed greater freedom from negative valve-related concerns. In SF-36, the younger patients and the Ross patients scored better in . Is quality of life after aortic valve repair similar to Ross patients and superior to mechanical valve replacement : a cross-sectional study?### Assistant: Postoperative quality of life is influenced by the type of aortic valve procedure and is negatively linked with mechanical prosthesis implantation and long-term anticoagulation. Aortic valve-sparing strategy should be considered in cases with suitable valve morphology due to favorable clinical results and beneficial impact on the long-term quality of life.

Aortic valve-sparing strategy should be considered in cases with suitable valve morphology due to favorable clinical results and beneficial impact on the

Does a polymorphism in the P2X7 gene increase susceptibility to extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

Activation of P2X(7) receptor on human macrophages induces killing of mycobacteria . We have identified polymorphisms in the P2 X(7 gene that markedly reduce this killing . The 1513A-C polymorphism was present in Southeast Asians and the allele was associated with reduced killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . ATP-mediated killing of macrophage was ablated in subjects homozygous for the 1513C allele and significantly impaired in subjects from heterozygous subjects . There was a strong correlation between the degree of my cobacterial killing and ATP-induced apoptosis .

The 1513C allele increases susceptibility to extrapulmonary TB, and this defect is associated with the reduction in the capacity of macrophages to kill M. tuberculosis.

yes

### Human: Activation of P2X(7) receptor on human macrophages induces killing of mycobacteria . We have identified polymorphisms in the P2 X(7 gene that markedly reduce this killing . The 1513A-C polymorphism was present in Southeast Asians and the allele was associated with reduced killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . ATP-mediated killing of macrophage was ablated in subjects homozygous for the 1513C allele and significantly impaired in subjects from heterozygous subjects . There was a strong correlation between the degree of my cobacterial killing and ATP-induced apoptosis . Does a polymorphism in the P2X7 gene increase susceptibility to extrapulmonary tuberculosis?### Assistant: The 1513C allele increases susceptibility to extrapulmonary TB, and this defect is associated with the reduction in the capacity of macrophages to kill M. tuberculosis.

1513C allele increases susceptibility to extrapulmonary TB . This defect is associated with the reduction in the capacity of macrophages to

Do confluent monolayers of cultured human fetal retinal pigment epithelium exhibit morphology and physiology of native tissue?

Human fetal eyes were dissected on arrival and RPE cell sheets were mechanically separated from the choroid and cultured in a specifically designed medium . Confluent monolayers exhibited epithelial morphology and heavy pigmentation, and electron microscopy showed extensive apical membrane microvilli . Addition of 100 microM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the apical bath increased net fluid absorption from 13.6 +/- 2.6 to 18.6 microL . cm(-2) per hour .

A new cell culture procedure has been developed that produces confluent primary hfRPE cultures with morphological and physiological characteristics of the native tissue. Epithelial polarity and function of these easily reproducible primary cultures closely resemble previously studied native human fetal and bovine RPE-choroid explants.

yes

### Human: Human fetal eyes were dissected on arrival and RPE cell sheets were mechanically separated from the choroid and cultured in a specifically designed medium . Confluent monolayers exhibited epithelial morphology and heavy pigmentation, and electron microscopy showed extensive apical membrane microvilli . Addition of 100 microM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the apical bath increased net fluid absorption from 13.6 +/- 2.6 to 18.6 microL . cm(-2) per hour . Do confluent monolayers of cultured human fetal retinal pigment epithelium exhibit morphology and physiology of native tissue?### Assistant: A new cell culture procedure has been developed that produces confluent primary hfRPE cultures with morphological and physiological characteristics of the native tissue. Epithelial polarity and function of these easily reproducible primary cultures closely resemble previously studied native human fetal and bovine RPE-choroid explants.

A new cell culture procedure has been developed that produces confluent primary hfRPE cultures with morphological and physiological characteristics of the native

Does elevated Alkaline Phosphatase Prior to Transarterial Chemoembolization for Neuroendocrine Tumors predict Worse Outcomes?

An elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase (AP) predicted worse outcomes for patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for neuroendocrine tumor (NET) liver metastases . We reviewed all patients who underwent TACE for metastatic NET between 2009 and 2013 . Survival was evaluated using preprocedure variables . On multivariate analysis, only elevated AP (p = 0.001) predicted better survival . Extrahepatic disease was present in 54 (50%) and greater than 50 % hepatic tumor burden by imaging in 63 (58%)

Elevated AP prior to TACE for metastatic NET portends a worse survival outcome, even more so than tumor grade or extent of hepatic disease.

yes

### Human: An elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase (AP) predicted worse outcomes for patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for neuroendocrine tumor (NET) liver metastases . We reviewed all patients who underwent TACE for metastatic NET between 2009 and 2013 . Survival was evaluated using preprocedure variables . On multivariate analysis, only elevated AP (p = 0.001) predicted better survival . Extrahepatic disease was present in 54 (50%) and greater than 50 % hepatic tumor burden by imaging in 63 (58%) Does elevated Alkaline Phosphatase Prior to Transarterial Chemoembolization for Neuroendocrine Tumors predict Worse Outcomes?### Assistant: Elevated AP prior to TACE for metastatic NET portends a worse survival outcome, even more so than tumor grade or extent of hepatic disease.

Elevated AP prior to TACE for metastatic NET portends a worse survival outcome, even more so than tumor grade or extent

Is a consensus surface activation marker signature partially dependent on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef expression within productively infected macrophages?

HIV-infected macrophages were significantly enriched in the CD14+ fraction (3 to 5-fold, p = .0001) compared to bystander, or uninfected cells in the same culture . However, the enrichment and higher levels of CD14 on HIV expressing macrophage macrophags did not depend on the production of HIV Nef . Sixty to eighty percent of macrophaged cells productively infected with HIV after day 28 post-infection were also enriched in cells expressing the activation markers CD69 (2 to 4-fold) and CD86 .

These findings suggest that HIV actively regulates the expression of a subset of surface molecules involved in innate and inflammatory immune signaling in primary human macrophages through Nef-dependent and Nef-independent mechanisms acting within productively infected cells.

yes

### Human: HIV-infected macrophages were significantly enriched in the CD14+ fraction (3 to 5-fold, p = .0001) compared to bystander, or uninfected cells in the same culture . However, the enrichment and higher levels of CD14 on HIV expressing macrophage macrophags did not depend on the production of HIV Nef . Sixty to eighty percent of macrophaged cells productively infected with HIV after day 28 post-infection were also enriched in cells expressing the activation markers CD69 (2 to 4-fold) and CD86 . Is a consensus surface activation marker signature partially dependent on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef expression within productively infected macrophages?### Assistant: These findings suggest that HIV actively regulates the expression of a subset of surface molecules involved in innate and inflammatory immune signaling in primary human macrophages through Nef-dependent and Nef-independent mechanisms acting within productively infected cells.

HIV actively regulates the expression of a subset of surface molecules involved in innate and inflammatory immune signaling in primary human macrophages .

Are pulmonary exacerbations associated with subsequent FEV1 decline in both adults and children with cystic fibrosis?

Study of subjects followed in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry from 2003 through 2006 . Children with one or more exacerbations experienced a significantly (P < 0.001) greater rate of FEV(1) decline in 2004-2006 . Only those with 3+ exacerbations in 2003 had a significantly greater rate . rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV) decline among adults, compared to those with no exacerbations .

There is a strong association between the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations and subsequent decline in pulmonary function. In adults, having 3+ exacerbations, and among children, having any exacerbations is associated with a greater rate of decline in the ensuing 3 years. Improved prevention, identification, and treatment of pulmonary exacerbations are likely to have long-term benefits for patients with CF, especially children.

yes

### Human: Study of subjects followed in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry from 2003 through 2006 . Children with one or more exacerbations experienced a significantly (P < 0.001) greater rate of FEV(1) decline in 2004-2006 . Only those with 3+ exacerbations in 2003 had a significantly greater rate . rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV) decline among adults, compared to those with no exacerbations . Are pulmonary exacerbations associated with subsequent FEV1 decline in both adults and children with cystic fibrosis?### Assistant: There is a strong association between the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations and subsequent decline in pulmonary function. In adults, having 3+ exacerbations, and among children, having any exacerbations is associated with a greater rate of decline in the ensuing 3 years. Improved prevention, identification, and treatment of pulmonary exacerbations are likely to have long-term benefits for patients with CF, especially children.

There is a strong association between the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations and subsequent decline in pulmonary function . In adults, having 3+ exacerbations

Are neutrophil Dysfunction , Immature Granulocytes , and Cell-free DNA Early Biomarkers of Sepsis in Burn-injured Patients : A Prospective Observational Cohort Study?

Sepsis prevalence and its associated mortality is high following burn injury . Previous studies have suggested neutrophil dysfunction may underlie high infection rates and sepsis postburn . Neutrophil function was reduced for 28 days postburn injury and to a greater degree in patients who developed sepsi . Plasma cfDNA and Cit-H3, a specific marker of NETosis, were elevated during septic episodes . The combination of neutrophils and IG counts at day 1 postinjury gave good discriminatory power for the identification of septic patients .

Neutrophil function, IG count, and plasma cfDNA levels show potential as biomarkers for the prediction/early diagnosis of sepsis postburn injury and neutrophil dysfunction may actively contribute to the development of sepsis. Targeting neutrophil dysfunction and IG release may be a viable therapeutic intervention to help reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections and sepsis postburn.

yes

### Human: Sepsis prevalence and its associated mortality is high following burn injury . Previous studies have suggested neutrophil dysfunction may underlie high infection rates and sepsis postburn . Neutrophil function was reduced for 28 days postburn injury and to a greater degree in patients who developed sepsi . Plasma cfDNA and Cit-H3, a specific marker of NETosis, were elevated during septic episodes . The combination of neutrophils and IG counts at day 1 postinjury gave good discriminatory power for the identification of septic patients . Are neutrophil Dysfunction , Immature Granulocytes , and Cell-free DNA Early Biomarkers of Sepsis in Burn-injured Patients : A Prospective Observational Cohort Study?### Assistant: Neutrophil function, IG count, and plasma cfDNA levels show potential as biomarkers for the prediction/early diagnosis of sepsis postburn injury and neutrophil dysfunction may actively contribute to the development of sepsis. Targeting neutrophil dysfunction and IG release may be a viable therapeutic intervention to help reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections and sepsis postburn.

Neutrophil function, IG count, and plasma cfDNA levels show potential as biomarkers for the prediction/early diagnosis of se

Does team-based approach reduce learning curve in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy?

A team of three urologists progressed through assistant phase to console phase to obtain competency in robotic prostatectomy . One hundred patients underwent rLRP by this team using the da Vinci robotic surgical system from 1 February 2003 to 15 May 2005 . The mean set-up time and dissection time were 24+/-14 min and 182+/-52 min, respectively. The mean perioperative blood loss was 272+/-240 mL, and 7% of patients (n=7) required blood transfusion .

A team-based approach to robot-assisted LRP helped to reduce the learning curve of the procedure for individual surgeons and continued to show significantly lower perioperative blood loss, transfusion requirements and postoperative pain compared to open radical retropubic prostatectomy.

yes

### Human: A team of three urologists progressed through assistant phase to console phase to obtain competency in robotic prostatectomy . One hundred patients underwent rLRP by this team using the da Vinci robotic surgical system from 1 February 2003 to 15 May 2005 . The mean set-up time and dissection time were 24+/-14 min and 182+/-52 min, respectively. The mean perioperative blood loss was 272+/-240 mL, and 7% of patients (n=7) required blood transfusion . Does team-based approach reduce learning curve in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy?### Assistant: A team-based approach to robot-assisted LRP helped to reduce the learning curve of the procedure for individual surgeons and continued to show significantly lower perioperative blood loss, transfusion requirements and postoperative pain compared to open radical retropubic prostatectomy.

A team-based approach to robot-assisted LRP helped to reduce the learning curve of the procedure for individual surgeons . It continued to

Does evaluation of visual function and need in adult patients with bardet-biedl syndrome?

Bardet-Biedl syndrome mutations identified in 51 patients . Median visual acuity was hand motion (range, 0.0 logMAR-no perception of light) Median retinopathy was associated with increasing age, worsening visual acuituity, and presence of nystagmus . Most (90%) were registered sight-impaired or severely sight-impacted patients . More advanced retinopathies were associated with age and worsening visual acuity and the presence of nystaggmus .

The BBS Ophthalmic Assessment Tool provides a wide-ranging assessment of ophthalmic status and vision-related needs of the BBS population. This evaluation demonstrates the spectrum of visual disability in this population and its correlation with worsening retinopathy over time.

yes

### Human: Bardet-Biedl syndrome mutations identified in 51 patients . Median visual acuity was hand motion (range, 0.0 logMAR-no perception of light) Median retinopathy was associated with increasing age, worsening visual acuituity, and presence of nystagmus . Most (90%) were registered sight-impaired or severely sight-impacted patients . More advanced retinopathies were associated with age and worsening visual acuity and the presence of nystaggmus . Does evaluation of visual function and need in adult patients with bardet-biedl syndrome?### Assistant: The BBS Ophthalmic Assessment Tool provides a wide-ranging assessment of ophthalmic status and vision-related needs of the BBS population. This evaluation demonstrates the spectrum of visual disability in this population and its correlation with worsening retinopathy over time.

The BBS Ophthalmic Assessment Tool provides a wide-ranging assessment of ophthalmic status and vision-related needs of the B

Is urinary deoxynivalenol correlated with cereal intake in individuals from the United kingdom?

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic fungal metabolite that frequently contaminates cereal crops . Don is toxic to animals, but the effects on humans are poorly understood, in part because exposure estimates are of limited precision . Don was detected in 296 of 300 (98.7%) urine samples . Cereal intake was significantly associated with urinary DON (p < 0.0005), with the geometric mean urinary levels being 6.55 microg DON/day [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.71-7.53]

The majority of adults in the United Kingdom appear to be exposed to DON, and on the basis of the urinary levels, we estimate that some individuals may exceed the European Union (EU) recommended maximum tolerable daily intake of 1,000 ng DON/kg (bw). This exposure biomarker will be a valuable tool for biomonitoring as part of surveillance strategies and in etiologic studies of DON and human disease risk.

yes

### Human: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic fungal metabolite that frequently contaminates cereal crops . Don is toxic to animals, but the effects on humans are poorly understood, in part because exposure estimates are of limited precision . Don was detected in 296 of 300 (98.7%) urine samples . Cereal intake was significantly associated with urinary DON (p < 0.0005), with the geometric mean urinary levels being 6.55 microg DON/day [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.71-7.53] Is urinary deoxynivalenol correlated with cereal intake in individuals from the United kingdom?### Assistant: The majority of adults in the United Kingdom appear to be exposed to DON, and on the basis of the urinary levels, we estimate that some individuals may exceed the European Union (EU) recommended maximum tolerable daily intake of 1,000 ng DON/kg (bw). This exposure biomarker will be a valuable tool for biomonitoring as part of surveillance strategies and in etiologic studies of DON and human disease risk.

The majority of adults in the United Kingdom appear to be exposed to DON . The EU recommended maximum tolerable daily intake of 1,000

Do the majority of patients store their biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs within the recommended temperature range?

The study included consenting adult patients from eight Dutch pharmacies who received their bDMARDs with a validated temperature logger . Patients were instructed to store their packages according to standard label instructions and to return the temperature logger(s) after use . Primary outcome was defined as the proportion of patients that stored their bMARDs within the SmPC recommended temperature range . Of these, 17 patients (6.7%) stored their mDRARD within the recommended temperatures range . The proportion of the patients that . stored their . bMDRARDs below 0°C or above 25 °C for longer than two consecutive hours was estimated .

The majority of patients do not store their bDMARDs within the SmPC-recommended temperature range.

no

### Human: The study included consenting adult patients from eight Dutch pharmacies who received their bDMARDs with a validated temperature logger . Patients were instructed to store their packages according to standard label instructions and to return the temperature logger(s) after use . Primary outcome was defined as the proportion of patients that stored their bMARDs within the SmPC recommended temperature range . Of these, 17 patients (6.7%) stored their mDRARD within the recommended temperatures range . The proportion of the patients that . stored their . bMDRARDs below 0°C or above 25 °C for longer than two consecutive hours was estimated . Do the majority of patients store their biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs within the recommended temperature range?### Assistant: The majority of patients do not store their bDMARDs within the SmPC-recommended temperature range.

The majority of patients do not store their bDMARDs within the SmPC-recommended temperature range .

Do syngeneic immune-dependent abortions in mice suggest paternal alloantigen-independent mechanisms?

Sib-crosses of C57Bl/6J mice resulted in selective mid-gestational abortion of 88% of the tbp(deltaN/delta N) fetuses . In dams lacking mature lymphocytes (rag1-/-), nearly all tbpN/DeltaN) fetus survived to birth, indicating abortions were immune-dependent . Neither hemizygous paternal allogeneic loci nor homozygous loci, including a haplotype-mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC), increased abortion frequencies .

Results suggested that mechanisms for maternal tolerance of paternal alloantigens, including mismatched MHC antigens, were intact in these pregnancies, yet maternal immune-dependent paternal antigen-independent abortion of mutants occurred. These data indicate that, in some cases of immune-mediated abortions, the presence of paternal alloantigens can be coincidental and superfluous to the compromising rejection response.

yes

### Human: Sib-crosses of C57Bl/6J mice resulted in selective mid-gestational abortion of 88% of the tbp(deltaN/delta N) fetuses . In dams lacking mature lymphocytes (rag1-/-), nearly all tbpN/DeltaN) fetus survived to birth, indicating abortions were immune-dependent . Neither hemizygous paternal allogeneic loci nor homozygous loci, including a haplotype-mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC), increased abortion frequencies . Do syngeneic immune-dependent abortions in mice suggest paternal alloantigen-independent mechanisms?### Assistant: Results suggested that mechanisms for maternal tolerance of paternal alloantigens, including mismatched MHC antigens, were intact in these pregnancies, yet maternal immune-dependent paternal antigen-independent abortion of mutants occurred. These data indicate that, in some cases of immune-mediated abortions, the presence of paternal alloantigens can be coincidental and superfluous to the compromising rejection response.

MHC antigens including mismatched MHC Antigens were intact in these pregnancies, yet maternal immune-dependent paternal antigen-

Do scores on the Safe Functional Motion test predict incident vertebral compression fracture?

The Safe Functional Motion test (SFM) document movement strategies that may increase the risk of osteoporotic fracture . We hypothesize that scores on the SFM are associated with incident VCF . After adjusting for variables known to predict vertebral compression fracture, baseline score on SFM was a significant independent predictor of incident V CF at 1- and 3-year follow-ups . We also hypothesized that gender and prevalent VCF were also significant predictors at follow-up visits .

For every 10-point increase in SFM score, the odds of future VCF decreases by 18 % at 1 year and 27 % at 3 years after adjusting for known covariates. The SFM may aid in the identification of modifiable functional risk factors for VCF.

yes

### Human: The Safe Functional Motion test (SFM) document movement strategies that may increase the risk of osteoporotic fracture . We hypothesize that scores on the SFM are associated with incident VCF . After adjusting for variables known to predict vertebral compression fracture, baseline score on SFM was a significant independent predictor of incident V CF at 1- and 3-year follow-ups . We also hypothesized that gender and prevalent VCF were also significant predictors at follow-up visits . Do scores on the Safe Functional Motion test predict incident vertebral compression fracture?### Assistant: For every 10-point increase in SFM score, the odds of future VCF decreases by 18 % at 1 year and 27 % at 3 years after adjusting for known covariates. The SFM may aid in the identification of modifiable functional risk factors for VCF.

Odds of future VCF decreases by 18% at 1 year and 27% at 3 years after adjusting for known covariates . SF

Do component reductions in oxygen delivery generate variable haemodynamic and stress hormone responses?

We hypothesized that an equivalent decrease in DO2 after reductions in each separate component of the equation would result in different haemodynamic, tissue oxygenation, and stress hormonal responses . We found that haemorrhage generated the largest decrease in cardiac output, and the greatest stress hormone response . In contrast, rapid hypoxaemia produced a minor impact on global haemodynamics yet induced the greatest decrease in regional oxygenation . A greater degree of hyperlactataemia was observed with graded insults compared with those administered rapidly .

Decreasing global oxygen delivery, achieved by targeted reductions in its separate components, induces varying circulatory, tissue oxygen tension, and stress hormone responses. We conclude that not all oxygen delivery is the same; this disparity should be emphasized in classical teaching and re-evaluated in patient management.

yes

### Human: We hypothesized that an equivalent decrease in DO2 after reductions in each separate component of the equation would result in different haemodynamic, tissue oxygenation, and stress hormonal responses . We found that haemorrhage generated the largest decrease in cardiac output, and the greatest stress hormone response . In contrast, rapid hypoxaemia produced a minor impact on global haemodynamics yet induced the greatest decrease in regional oxygenation . A greater degree of hyperlactataemia was observed with graded insults compared with those administered rapidly . Do component reductions in oxygen delivery generate variable haemodynamic and stress hormone responses?### Assistant: Decreasing global oxygen delivery, achieved by targeted reductions in its separate components, induces varying circulatory, tissue oxygen tension, and stress hormone responses. We conclude that not all oxygen delivery is the same; this disparity should be emphasized in classical teaching and re-evaluated in patient management.

We conclude that not all oxygen delivery is the same; this disparity should be emphasized in classical teaching and re-evaluated in patient management

Is mid-trimester severe intrauterine growth restriction associated with a high prevalence of thrombophilia?

The frequency of thrombophilias was 69% in the study group . Of the 26 pregnancies with severe mid-trimester IUGR, 13 ended in intrauterine fetal death before 25 weeks of gestation: 10 of these women had throm bophilia . The frequencies of factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation and protein S deficiency were significantly increased in study group compared with the control group . The frequency was 33% in study compared with none among the controls .

Women with mid-trimester severe IUGR have an increased prevalence of inherited and acquired thrombophilias.

yes

### Human: The frequency of thrombophilias was 69% in the study group . Of the 26 pregnancies with severe mid-trimester IUGR, 13 ended in intrauterine fetal death before 25 weeks of gestation: 10 of these women had throm bophilia . The frequencies of factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation and protein S deficiency were significantly increased in study group compared with the control group . The frequency was 33% in study compared with none among the controls . Is mid-trimester severe intrauterine growth restriction associated with a high prevalence of thrombophilia?### Assistant: Women with mid-trimester severe IUGR have an increased prevalence of inherited and acquired thrombophilias.

Women with mid-trimester severe IUGR have an increased prevalence of inherited and acquired thrombophilias .

Is birth during autumn a risk for adolescent self-mutilative behavior?

A season of birth tendency has been shown for several psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior . The likelihood for SMB was significantly increased (adjusted OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.4-6.2) among girls born in autumn compared to those born in winter . The monthly distribution of births of adolescents with SMB differed statistically significantly from that observed in the general population of the same age . An association between season . of birth and SMB is seen in girls, but not in boys .

Birth during autumn may predispose girls to SMB via dysfunctional serotonergic or other neurotransmitter systems. These findings may also be related to seasonal rhythms in parental mood and poor early care of the offspring.

yes

### Human: A season of birth tendency has been shown for several psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior . The likelihood for SMB was significantly increased (adjusted OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.4-6.2) among girls born in autumn compared to those born in winter . The monthly distribution of births of adolescents with SMB differed statistically significantly from that observed in the general population of the same age . An association between season . of birth and SMB is seen in girls, but not in boys . Is birth during autumn a risk for adolescent self-mutilative behavior?### Assistant: Birth during autumn may predispose girls to SMB via dysfunctional serotonergic or other neurotransmitter systems. These findings may also be related to seasonal rhythms in parental mood and poor early care of the offspring.

Birth during autumn may predispose girls to SMB via dysfunctional serotonergic or other neurotransmitter systems . These findings may also be related

Does simulated ischemia protect against efferent sympathetic denervation following acute myocardial infarction in canine hearts?

Preconditioning the myocardium with brief episodes of ischemia preserves efferent autonomic responsiveness of noninfarcted mycardium apical to a site of acute transmural ischemias by mechanism(s) still unknown . We hypothesized that repeated brief exposure of the my cardiium to simulated ischemic milieu including hypoxia, low pH, and adenosine would be as effective as brief coronary occlusions in creating this protection . We analyzed the effects on the time course and extent of efferent sympathetic denervation during a subsequent 3-hour sustained ischemiia in three groups of dogs .

Thus, brief exposure of the left ventricular myocardium to ischemic metabolites prior to a subsequent permanent coronary occlusion does not trigger mechanism(s) that are responsible for protection against efferent sympathetic denervation apical to an area of transmural myocardial infarction/ischemia.

no

### Human: Preconditioning the myocardium with brief episodes of ischemia preserves efferent autonomic responsiveness of noninfarcted mycardium apical to a site of acute transmural ischemias by mechanism(s) still unknown . We hypothesized that repeated brief exposure of the my cardiium to simulated ischemic milieu including hypoxia, low pH, and adenosine would be as effective as brief coronary occlusions in creating this protection . We analyzed the effects on the time course and extent of efferent sympathetic denervation during a subsequent 3-hour sustained ischemiia in three groups of dogs . Does simulated ischemia protect against efferent sympathetic denervation following acute myocardial infarction in canine hearts?### Assistant: Thus, brief exposure of the left ventricular myocardium to ischemic metabolites prior to a subsequent permanent coronary occlusion does not trigger mechanism(s) that are responsible for protection against efferent sympathetic denervation apical to an area of transmural myocardial infarction/ischemia.

Brief exposure of the left ventricular myocardium to ischemic metabolites prior to a subsequent permanent coronary occlusion does not trigger

Is treatment with beta-blockers associated with lower levels of Lp-PLA2 and suPAR in carotid plaques?

To determine whether a long-term treatment with beta-blockers influences the inflammatory activity in carotid artery disease by reducing the carotodid plaque levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), its enzymatic products lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPCs) and of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) Levels of Lp- PLA2 and suPAR were positively correlated (r=.637, P<.0001) with the three lysoPC species tested .

The reduced levels of Lp-PLA2 and suPAR in human carotid plaques of subjects on long-term treatment with beta-blockers suggest their possible protective role in plaque inflammation. Our findings support an even more selective Lp-PLA2 and suPAR inhibition as a possible strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

yes

### Human: To determine whether a long-term treatment with beta-blockers influences the inflammatory activity in carotid artery disease by reducing the carotodid plaque levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), its enzymatic products lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPCs) and of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) Levels of Lp- PLA2 and suPAR were positively correlated (r=.637, P<.0001) with the three lysoPC species tested . Is treatment with beta-blockers associated with lower levels of Lp-PLA2 and suPAR in carotid plaques?### Assistant: The reduced levels of Lp-PLA2 and suPAR in human carotid plaques of subjects on long-term treatment with beta-blockers suggest their possible protective role in plaque inflammation. Our findings support an even more selective Lp-PLA2 and suPAR inhibition as a possible strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

The reduced levels of Lp-PLA2 and suPAR in human carotid plaques of subjects on long-term treatment with

Does quercetin prevent progression of disease in elastase/LPS-exposed mice by negatively regulating MMP expression?

Quercetin, a plant flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent . We hypothesized that quercetins reduces lung inflammation and improves lung function in elastase/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed mice which show typical features of COPD, including airways inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and emphysema . We also reduced lung inflammation, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and muc5AC . Co-treatment with the Sirt-1 inhibitor sirtinol blocked the effects of quercets .

Quercetin prevents progression of emphysema in elastase/LPS-treated mice by reducing oxidative stress, lung inflammation and expression of MMP9 and MMP12.

yes

### Human: Quercetin, a plant flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent . We hypothesized that quercetins reduces lung inflammation and improves lung function in elastase/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed mice which show typical features of COPD, including airways inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and emphysema . We also reduced lung inflammation, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and muc5AC . Co-treatment with the Sirt-1 inhibitor sirtinol blocked the effects of quercets . Does quercetin prevent progression of disease in elastase/LPS-exposed mice by negatively regulating MMP expression?### Assistant: Quercetin prevents progression of emphysema in elastase/LPS-treated mice by reducing oxidative stress, lung inflammation and expression of MMP9 and MMP12.

Quercetin prevents progression of emphysema in elastase/LPS-treated mice by reducing oxidative stress, lung

Is postoperative pressure regulation in glaucoma shunt surgery : focal tube constriction the answer?

A silicone tube identical to the one used in the Baerveldt and other glaucoma drainage implants was connected to a syringe-pump delivering a continuous flow of demineralized water at a rate of 2.5 microliters per minute . Focal constriction of the tube was obtained by a ring made of a shape-memory metal alloy designed for this purpose . In a second experiment the tube lumen was constricted by placing the tube between the jaws of a micrometer .

It is not possible to regulate pressure in a reliable and predictable way merely by constricting the tube lumen of glaucoma drainage implants.

no

### Human: A silicone tube identical to the one used in the Baerveldt and other glaucoma drainage implants was connected to a syringe-pump delivering a continuous flow of demineralized water at a rate of 2.5 microliters per minute . Focal constriction of the tube was obtained by a ring made of a shape-memory metal alloy designed for this purpose . In a second experiment the tube lumen was constricted by placing the tube between the jaws of a micrometer . Is postoperative pressure regulation in glaucoma shunt surgery : focal tube constriction the answer?### Assistant: It is not possible to regulate pressure in a reliable and predictable way merely by constricting the tube lumen of glaucoma drainage implants.

It is not possible to regulate pressure in a reliable and predictable way merely by constricting the tube lumen of glaucoma drainage

Does single histidine-substituted cardiac troponin I confer protection from age-related systolic and diastolic dysfunction?

Myocardial ischaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly . We hypothesized troponin I-mediated augmentation of myofilament calcium sensitivity would protect cardiac function in aged mice . We found that Tg hearts showed significantly improved systolic function at 4 months, which was sustained for 2 years . Age-related diastolic dysfunction was also attenuated in Tg mice as assessed by Doppler measurements of the mitral valve inflow and lateral annulus Dopplers .

This study shows that increasing myofilament function by means of a pH-responsive histidine button engineered into cTnI results in enhanced baseline heart function in Tg mice over their lifetime, and during acute hypoxia improves survival in aged mice by maintaining cardiac contractility.

yes

### Human: Myocardial ischaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly . We hypothesized troponin I-mediated augmentation of myofilament calcium sensitivity would protect cardiac function in aged mice . We found that Tg hearts showed significantly improved systolic function at 4 months, which was sustained for 2 years . Age-related diastolic dysfunction was also attenuated in Tg mice as assessed by Doppler measurements of the mitral valve inflow and lateral annulus Dopplers . Does single histidine-substituted cardiac troponin I confer protection from age-related systolic and diastolic dysfunction?### Assistant: This study shows that increasing myofilament function by means of a pH-responsive histidine button engineered into cTnI results in enhanced baseline heart function in Tg mice over their lifetime, and during acute hypoxia improves survival in aged mice by maintaining cardiac contractility.

A pH-responsive histidine button engineered into cTnI results in enhanced baseline heart function in Tg mice over their lifetime .

Are fragile X full mutation expansions inhibited by one or more AGG interruptions in premutation carriers?

Fragile X CGG repeat alleles often contain one or more AGG interruptions that influence allele stability and risk of a full mutation transmission from parent to child . We have examined transmissions of maternal and paternal alleles with 45-90 repeats to quantify the effect of AGG interrupts on fragile X repeat instability . For maternal alleles <75 repeats, 89% (24/27) that expanded to full mutation had no AGGs . Two contractions in maternal transmission were accompanied by loss of Aggs, suggesting a mechanism .

These results strengthen the association of AGG repeats with CGG repeat stability and provide more accurate risk estimates of full mutation expansions for women with 45-90 repeat alleles.

yes

### Human: Fragile X CGG repeat alleles often contain one or more AGG interruptions that influence allele stability and risk of a full mutation transmission from parent to child . We have examined transmissions of maternal and paternal alleles with 45-90 repeats to quantify the effect of AGG interrupts on fragile X repeat instability . For maternal alleles <75 repeats, 89% (24/27) that expanded to full mutation had no AGGs . Two contractions in maternal transmission were accompanied by loss of Aggs, suggesting a mechanism . Are fragile X full mutation expansions inhibited by one or more AGG interruptions in premutation carriers?### Assistant: These results strengthen the association of AGG repeats with CGG repeat stability and provide more accurate risk estimates of full mutation expansions for women with 45-90 repeat alleles.

These results strengthen the association of AGG repeats with CGG repeat stability and provide more accurate risk estimates of full mutation expansions for women with