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Does [ Maternal cell contamination of prenatal samples and the potential effects on prenatal diagnosis result ]?

MCC had no significant effect on normal female fetus, but for male fetus and abnormal female fetus . 10%MCC had led to misdiagnosis . MCC resulted in more complex effects for the different diagnostic methods . Mcc had no effect on male fetus, abnormal female fete, but there were risk of erroneous results of mosaics. As to molecular diagnosis, MCC results in more complicated effects for different diagnostic method. And 10% of MCC led to a misdiagnotic diagnosis .

For the prenatal cytogenetic tests, MCC should be excluded when there were mosaicism karyotype results or suspicious MCC of chorionic villi samples. The effects of MCC had more seriously impact on prenatal molecular testing, which suggesting the recommend regular identity test for MCC should be carried out.

yes

### Human: MCC had no significant effect on normal female fetus, but for male fetus and abnormal female fetus . 10%MCC had led to misdiagnosis . MCC resulted in more complex effects for the different diagnostic methods . Mcc had no effect on male fetus, abnormal female fete, but there were risk of erroneous results of mosaics. As to molecular diagnosis, MCC results in more complicated effects for different diagnostic method. And 10% of MCC led to a misdiagnotic diagnosis . Does [ Maternal cell contamination of prenatal samples and the potential effects on prenatal diagnosis result ]?### Assistant: For the prenatal cytogenetic tests, MCC should be excluded when there were mosaicism karyotype results or suspicious MCC of chorionic villi samples. The effects of MCC had more seriously impact on prenatal molecular testing, which suggesting the recommend regular identity test for MCC should be carried out.

MCC should be excluded when there were mosaicism karyotype results or suspicious MCC of chorionic villi samples . The

Does naloxone prevent increased atrial natriuretic peptide release during regional myocardial ischaemia and stunning in awake dogs?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release is increased in patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction . An occluder around the left anterior descending artery (LAD) allowed induction of reversible ischaemia in the LAD-perfused myocardium . ANP levels were significantly higher only in the control group without naloxone . Between 1 and 180 min of reperfusion, ANP release of ANP was significantly higher in the Control group .

Pre-ischaemic application of naloxone prevents this ischaemia-induced ANP-release in conscious dogs.

yes

### Human: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release is increased in patients with ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction . An occluder around the left anterior descending artery (LAD) allowed induction of reversible ischaemia in the LAD-perfused myocardium . ANP levels were significantly higher only in the control group without naloxone . Between 1 and 180 min of reperfusion, ANP release of ANP was significantly higher in the Control group . Does naloxone prevent increased atrial natriuretic peptide release during regional myocardial ischaemia and stunning in awake dogs?### Assistant: Pre-ischaemic application of naloxone prevents this ischaemia-induced ANP-release in conscious dogs.

Pre-ischaemic application of naloxone prevents this ischaemia-induced ANP release in conscious dogs .

Are pain , xerostomia , and younger age major determinants of fatigue in Korean patients with primary Sjögren 's syndrome : a cohort study?

Fatigue is a common clinical manifestation in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) The aims of this study were to investigate the association between fatigue severity and other clinical characteristics in pSS patients . Pain, xerostomia, and age were determined to be significantly associated with fatigue severity after adjusting for depression/anxiety, OSDI score, and the presence of fibromyalgia using a multivariable general linear model . Younger and premenopausal patients presented with more fatigue (p =0.013 and p < 0.001) scores .

In Korean patients with pSS, younger age, xerostomia, and pain were correlated significantly with fatigue, and fatigue was associated with HRQoL.

yes

### Human: Fatigue is a common clinical manifestation in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) The aims of this study were to investigate the association between fatigue severity and other clinical characteristics in pSS patients . Pain, xerostomia, and age were determined to be significantly associated with fatigue severity after adjusting for depression/anxiety, OSDI score, and the presence of fibromyalgia using a multivariable general linear model . Younger and premenopausal patients presented with more fatigue (p =0.013 and p < 0.001) scores . Are pain , xerostomia , and younger age major determinants of fatigue in Korean patients with primary Sjögren 's syndrome : a cohort study?### Assistant: In Korean patients with pSS, younger age, xerostomia, and pain were correlated significantly with fatigue, and fatigue was associated with HRQoL.

In Korean patients with pSS, younger age, xerostomia, and pain were correlated significantly with fatigue . Pain, fatigue

Does suppression of the JNK pathway by induction of a metabolic stress response prevent vascular injury and dysfunction?

Induction of a metabolic stress response with adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) prevents oxidative endothelial cell injury . This response is characterized by stabilization of the mitochondrion and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in attenuation of oxidative c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation . We report that peroxisome proliferator coactivator 1alpha is a key downstream target of AMPK that is both necessary and sufficient for the metabolic stress and JNK attenuation .

These data highlight AMPK and peroxisome proliferator coactivator 1alpha as potential therapeutic targets for the amelioration of endothelial dysfunction and, as a consequence, vascular disease.

yes

### Human: Induction of a metabolic stress response with adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) prevents oxidative endothelial cell injury . This response is characterized by stabilization of the mitochondrion and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in attenuation of oxidative c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation . We report that peroxisome proliferator coactivator 1alpha is a key downstream target of AMPK that is both necessary and sufficient for the metabolic stress and JNK attenuation . Does suppression of the JNK pathway by induction of a metabolic stress response prevent vascular injury and dysfunction?### Assistant: These data highlight AMPK and peroxisome proliferator coactivator 1alpha as potential therapeutic targets for the amelioration of endothelial dysfunction and, as a consequence, vascular disease.

AMPK and peroxisome proliferator coactivator 1alpha are potential therapeutic targets for the amelioration of endothelial

Does olive oil aroma extract modulate cerebral blood flow in gustatory brain areas in humans?

Low- and high-fat meals affect homeostatic and gustatory brain areas differentially . The aim of this study was to investigate the long-lasting effect of fat-free flavor-active compounds of olive oil on the brain . Eleven healthy male subjects participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study . The extract-containing yogurt elicited higher CBF in the frontal operculum 30 and 120 min after a meal . The activity change in the anterior insula after 30 min correlated positively with the glucose changes in the extract condition only .

The anterior insula and the frontal operculum are regarded as the primary taste cortex. Modulation of the frontal operculum by the yogurt containing the olive oil extract suggests that it might be possible to simulate fat-triggered sensations in the brain on the gustatory level, possibly by ingredients the body implicitly associates with fat. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01716286.

yes

### Human: Low- and high-fat meals affect homeostatic and gustatory brain areas differentially . The aim of this study was to investigate the long-lasting effect of fat-free flavor-active compounds of olive oil on the brain . Eleven healthy male subjects participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study . The extract-containing yogurt elicited higher CBF in the frontal operculum 30 and 120 min after a meal . The activity change in the anterior insula after 30 min correlated positively with the glucose changes in the extract condition only . Does olive oil aroma extract modulate cerebral blood flow in gustatory brain areas in humans?### Assistant: The anterior insula and the frontal operculum are regarded as the primary taste cortex. Modulation of the frontal operculum by the yogurt containing the olive oil extract suggests that it might be possible to simulate fat-triggered sensations in the brain on the gustatory level, possibly by ingredients the body implicitly associates with fat. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01716286.

The anterior insula and the frontal operculum are regarded as the primary taste cortex . The yogurt containing olive oil extract may simulate fat

Is acute rejection after renal transplantation reduced by approximately 50 % by prior therapeutic blood transfusions , even in tacrolimus-treated patients?

The authors investigated the relationship between therapeutic blood transfusion before renal transplantation and rejection rates in cyclosporine- and tacrolimus-treated patients . In one center, 265 consecutive recipients were studied . The authors found lower risk of rejection was associated with lower risk associated with tacrosporine induction . Lower risk was also associated with prior transfusion of three or more units of blood (OR, 0.54; 95% CI), and older age at transplantation (mean, 44.23 +/- 12.56 [+/- SD] years vs. 38.96 +/- 1237 years; P=0.001)

Induction immunosuppression should take account of the higher risk of rejection in patients coming to transplantation who have previously received zero to two units of blood.

yes

### Human: The authors investigated the relationship between therapeutic blood transfusion before renal transplantation and rejection rates in cyclosporine- and tacrolimus-treated patients . In one center, 265 consecutive recipients were studied . The authors found lower risk of rejection was associated with lower risk associated with tacrosporine induction . Lower risk was also associated with prior transfusion of three or more units of blood (OR, 0.54; 95% CI), and older age at transplantation (mean, 44.23 +/- 12.56 [+/- SD] years vs. 38.96 +/- 1237 years; P=0.001) Is acute rejection after renal transplantation reduced by approximately 50 % by prior therapeutic blood transfusions , even in tacrolimus-treated patients?### Assistant: Induction immunosuppression should take account of the higher risk of rejection in patients coming to transplantation who have previously received zero to two units of blood.

Induction immunosuppression should take account of the higher risk of rejection in patients coming to transplantation who have previously received zero to

Does the prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist butaprost increase uveoscleral outflow in the cynomolgus monkey?

All experiments were performed in cynomolgus monkeys after topical application of butaprost (0.1%) The effects of the treatment were determined by fluorophotometry . Butaprost had no significant effect on aqueous humor flow or total outflow facility in ocular normotensive monkeys . After a 1-year treatment, the morphology of the ciliary muscle was changed, showing increased spaces between ciliary muscles bundles and the apparent formation of new outflow channels .

The prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist butaprost appears to lower IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow, according to both physiological and morphologic findings. Although the prostanoid EP2 receptor is structurally and functionally distinct from the FP receptor, the effects of EP2 and FP receptor stimulation on aqueous humor outflow are similar.

yes

### Human: All experiments were performed in cynomolgus monkeys after topical application of butaprost (0.1%) The effects of the treatment were determined by fluorophotometry . Butaprost had no significant effect on aqueous humor flow or total outflow facility in ocular normotensive monkeys . After a 1-year treatment, the morphology of the ciliary muscle was changed, showing increased spaces between ciliary muscles bundles and the apparent formation of new outflow channels . Does the prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist butaprost increase uveoscleral outflow in the cynomolgus monkey?### Assistant: The prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist butaprost appears to lower IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow, according to both physiological and morphologic findings. Although the prostanoid EP2 receptor is structurally and functionally distinct from the FP receptor, the effects of EP2 and FP receptor stimulation on aqueous humor outflow are similar.

Proteanoid EP2 receptor agonist butaprost appears to lower IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow .

Is presence of obsessive compulsive symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia or related disorders associated with subjective well-being and quality of life?

The study aims to evaluate whether the presence of obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS) in first-episode schizophrenia patients is associated with subjective well-being or quality of life . The study used a cross-sectional study of patients with a first episode of schizophrenia or related disorder . There were 23 out of 198 (12%) of patients that reported co-morbid OCS . OCS were associated with a lower mean total score on a subjective well being scale (P = 0.001) and lower scores on subjective aspects of mental health .

These results support the clinical relevance of OCS co-morbidity in schizophrenia or related disorders and the need for research into specific interventions.

yes

### Human: The study aims to evaluate whether the presence of obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS) in first-episode schizophrenia patients is associated with subjective well-being or quality of life . The study used a cross-sectional study of patients with a first episode of schizophrenia or related disorder . There were 23 out of 198 (12%) of patients that reported co-morbid OCS . OCS were associated with a lower mean total score on a subjective well being scale (P = 0.001) and lower scores on subjective aspects of mental health . Is presence of obsessive compulsive symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia or related disorders associated with subjective well-being and quality of life?### Assistant: These results support the clinical relevance of OCS co-morbidity in schizophrenia or related disorders and the need for research into specific interventions.

These results support the clinical relevance of OCS co-morbidity in schizophrenia or related disorders . The need for research into specific interventions

Does blockade of sigma 1 receptors alleviate sensory signs of diabetic neuropathy in rats?

E-52862 (S1RA, 4.5-methyl-1-(2-naphthalenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy]ethyl]morpholine is a novel selective sigma 1 receptor ( σ1R) antagonist . The drug has demonstrated efficacy in nociceptive and neuropathic pain models . The aim of our aim was to test if σ 1R blockade with E-552862 may modify the signs of neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats .

E-52862 administration reverses neuropathic (behavioural and electrophysiological) and vascular signs in the ZDF rat.

yes

### Human: E-52862 (S1RA, 4.5-methyl-1-(2-naphthalenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy]ethyl]morpholine is a novel selective sigma 1 receptor ( σ1R) antagonist . The drug has demonstrated efficacy in nociceptive and neuropathic pain models . The aim of our aim was to test if σ 1R blockade with E-552862 may modify the signs of neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats . Does blockade of sigma 1 receptors alleviate sensory signs of diabetic neuropathy in rats?### Assistant: E-52862 administration reverses neuropathic (behavioural and electrophysiological) and vascular signs in the ZDF rat.

E-52862 administration reverses neuropathic (behavioural and electrophysiological) and vascular signs in the ZDF rat

Does risk of allergy development correlate with IL-4 receptor expression on newborns ' monocytes and Th lymphocytes?

IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) overexpression on immunoregulatory/effector cells was found in allergic patients . Its role in allergy development remains unclear . The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between IL4R expression and allergy development within the first year of life . After one year, significant IL4 increases and IFN-gamma decreases were observed which correlated with IL-R expression . IL-12 was statistically significant only in the children developing allergy .

IL-4R-dependent over-signaling in newborns' monocytes and Th lymphocytes could contribute to Th1/Th2 imbalance. IL-4R overexpression on newborns' monocytes and lymphocytes could be an early risk marker of allergy development.

yes

### Human: IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) overexpression on immunoregulatory/effector cells was found in allergic patients . Its role in allergy development remains unclear . The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between IL4R expression and allergy development within the first year of life . After one year, significant IL4 increases and IFN-gamma decreases were observed which correlated with IL-R expression . IL-12 was statistically significant only in the children developing allergy . Does risk of allergy development correlate with IL-4 receptor expression on newborns ' monocytes and Th lymphocytes?### Assistant: IL-4R-dependent over-signaling in newborns' monocytes and Th lymphocytes could contribute to Th1/Th2 imbalance. IL-4R overexpression on newborns' monocytes and lymphocytes could be an early risk marker of allergy development.

IL-4R-dependent over-signaling in newborns' monocytes and lymphocytes could contribute to Th1/Th2

Are striatal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors differentially regulated following buprenorphine or methadone treatment?

Mice were treated with escalating doses of methadone or buprenorphine for 5 days either once daily (binge) or three times a day (TTD) D1R and D2R density in striatum was measured by autoradiography using [(3)H]SCH23390 and [(3H]raclopride, respectively, at 1 (WD1), 14 (WD14), and 35 (WD35) days after the last opioid injection .

Our results demonstrated that methadone and buprenorphine were able to differentially regulate dopamine receptor density depending on the withdrawal period and the administration pattern.

yes

### Human: Mice were treated with escalating doses of methadone or buprenorphine for 5 days either once daily (binge) or three times a day (TTD) D1R and D2R density in striatum was measured by autoradiography using [(3)H]SCH23390 and [(3H]raclopride, respectively, at 1 (WD1), 14 (WD14), and 35 (WD35) days after the last opioid injection . Are striatal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors differentially regulated following buprenorphine or methadone treatment?### Assistant: Our results demonstrated that methadone and buprenorphine were able to differentially regulate dopamine receptor density depending on the withdrawal period and the administration pattern.

Methadone and buprenorphine were able to differentially regulate dopamine receptor density depending on the withdrawal period and the administration pattern

Is pre-operative quadriceps activation related to post-operative activation , not strength , in patients post-ACL reconstruction?

Pre-operative quadriceps activation failure contributes to the weakness that lingers following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction . Understanding this relationship is clinically important as the counteractive approach clinicians should employ pre-operatively to mitigate post-operative quriceps weakness is unclear . The relationship between pre-operative activation and strength and activation was not associated with post-surgery activation . Pre-operational activation was linked to post-ACL activation . The study was conducted with participants who had undergone surgery prior to and after surgery .

Individuals with better pre-operative quadriceps activation demonstrated greater post-operative activation. Similarly, individuals with better pre-operative strength demonstrated better post-operative strength. Pre-operative quadriceps activation was not a predictor of post-operative strength. From a clinical perspective, our work indicates that clinicians should utilize therapies targeting both quadriceps activation and strength prior to ACL reconstruction in order to maximize these factors post-ACL reconstruction, as pre-operative activation and strength are related to post-operative activation and strength, respectively at return-to-activity.

yes

### Human: Pre-operative quadriceps activation failure contributes to the weakness that lingers following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction . Understanding this relationship is clinically important as the counteractive approach clinicians should employ pre-operatively to mitigate post-operative quriceps weakness is unclear . The relationship between pre-operative activation and strength and activation was not associated with post-surgery activation . Pre-operational activation was linked to post-ACL activation . The study was conducted with participants who had undergone surgery prior to and after surgery . Is pre-operative quadriceps activation related to post-operative activation , not strength , in patients post-ACL reconstruction?### Assistant: Individuals with better pre-operative quadriceps activation demonstrated greater post-operative activation. Similarly, individuals with better pre-operative strength demonstrated better post-operative strength. Pre-operative quadriceps activation was not a predictor of post-operative strength. From a clinical perspective, our work indicates that clinicians should utilize therapies targeting both quadriceps activation and strength prior to ACL reconstruction in order to maximize these factors post-ACL reconstruction, as pre-operative activation and strength are related to post-operative activation and strength, respectively at return-to-activity.

Pre-operative quadriceps activation was not a predictor of post-operative strength . Clinicians should utilize therapies targeting both quadricep

Does ankle joint mobilization decrease hypersensitivity by activation of peripheral opioid receptors in a mouse model of postoperative pain?

Nine but not 3 minutes of AJM reduced mechanical hypersensitivity caused by PI, the effect that was prevented by systemic and local administrations of naloxone but not by fucoidin . AJM movement was applied at a grade III as defined by Maitland. Paw withdrawal frequency to mechanical stimuli was assessed before realization of PI and before and after daily AJM sessions. Mechanical hypersensitivity was also assessed following systemic (intraperitoneal [i.p.]) and local (intraplantar) injection of . nalxone (a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist)

Our results indicate that joint mobilization reduces postoperative pain by activation of the peripheral opioid pathway. However, antihypersensitivity induced by AJM is apparently not limited by the number of opioid-containing leukocytes but by opioid receptors availability in sensory neurons. A better understanding of the peripheral mechanisms of AJM could stimulate therapists to integrate joint mobilization with strategies also known to influence endogenous pain control, such as exercise, acupuncture, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to potentiate endogenous analgesia.

yes

### Human: Nine but not 3 minutes of AJM reduced mechanical hypersensitivity caused by PI, the effect that was prevented by systemic and local administrations of naloxone but not by fucoidin . AJM movement was applied at a grade III as defined by Maitland. Paw withdrawal frequency to mechanical stimuli was assessed before realization of PI and before and after daily AJM sessions. Mechanical hypersensitivity was also assessed following systemic (intraperitoneal [i.p.]) and local (intraplantar) injection of . nalxone (a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist) Does ankle joint mobilization decrease hypersensitivity by activation of peripheral opioid receptors in a mouse model of postoperative pain?### Assistant: Our results indicate that joint mobilization reduces postoperative pain by activation of the peripheral opioid pathway. However, antihypersensitivity induced by AJM is apparently not limited by the number of opioid-containing leukocytes but by opioid receptors availability in sensory neurons. A better understanding of the peripheral mechanisms of AJM could stimulate therapists to integrate joint mobilization with strategies also known to influence endogenous pain control, such as exercise, acupuncture, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to potentiate endogenous analgesia.

Joint mobilization reduces postoperative pain by activation of the peripheral opioid pathway . Antihypersensitivity induced by AJM is not limited by the

Is interaction of the growth and tumour suppressor NORE1A with microtubules required for its growth-suppressive function?

The NORE1 protein was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen as a Ras effector that binds Ras protein in a GTP-dependent manner . In transformed human cells, both full-length Nore1A protein and its effector domain alone (amino acids 191-363) are localized to microtubules and centrosomes . However, the mechanism by which NORE 1A associates with these cytoskeletal elements is not known . The protein is inactivated in a variety of cancers .

The interaction of NORE1A with microtubules is mediated by MAP1B, but not C19ORF5 protein. Interaction of NORE1A with centrosomes is not dependent on C19ORF5 or MAP1B, and appears to involve a different mechanism independent of binding to microtubules. The NORE1A microtubular localization is not required for growth suppression.

no

### Human: The NORE1 protein was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen as a Ras effector that binds Ras protein in a GTP-dependent manner . In transformed human cells, both full-length Nore1A protein and its effector domain alone (amino acids 191-363) are localized to microtubules and centrosomes . However, the mechanism by which NORE 1A associates with these cytoskeletal elements is not known . The protein is inactivated in a variety of cancers . Is interaction of the growth and tumour suppressor NORE1A with microtubules required for its growth-suppressive function?### Assistant: The interaction of NORE1A with microtubules is mediated by MAP1B, but not C19ORF5 protein. Interaction of NORE1A with centrosomes is not dependent on C19ORF5 or MAP1B, and appears to involve a different mechanism independent of binding to microtubules. The NORE1A microtubular localization is not required for growth suppression.

The interaction of NORE1A with microtubules is mediated by MAP1B, but not C19ORF5 protein .

Does myocardin-related transcription factor-a control myofibroblast activation and fibrosis in response to myocardial infarction?

Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) are serum response factor (SRF) cofactors that promote a smooth muscle phenotype . In MRTF-A-null mice, fibrosis and scar formation following MI or angiotensin II treatment are dramatically diminished compared with wild-type littermates . This protective effect is associated with a reduction in expression of fibrosis-associated genes, including collagen 1a2, a direct transcriptional target of MRTF/MRTF-a .

We conclude that MRTF-A regulates myofibroblast activation and fibrosis in response to the renin-angiotensin system and post-MI remodeling.

yes

### Human: Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) are serum response factor (SRF) cofactors that promote a smooth muscle phenotype . In MRTF-A-null mice, fibrosis and scar formation following MI or angiotensin II treatment are dramatically diminished compared with wild-type littermates . This protective effect is associated with a reduction in expression of fibrosis-associated genes, including collagen 1a2, a direct transcriptional target of MRTF/MRTF-a . Does myocardin-related transcription factor-a control myofibroblast activation and fibrosis in response to myocardial infarction?### Assistant: We conclude that MRTF-A regulates myofibroblast activation and fibrosis in response to the renin-angiotensin system and post-MI remodeling.

MRTF-A regulates myofibroblast activation and fibrosis in response to the reninin-angiotensin system

Do preinjury physical frailty and cognitive impairment among geriatric trauma patients determine postinjury functional recovery and survival?

The influence of physical frailty and cognitive decline on 6-month and 1-year outcomes after injury is unreported . We hypothesized that physical and cognitive impairments would be predictive of 6 months and 1 year post-injury function and overall mortality . The study involved patients who are 65 years or older admitted to a Level I trauma center between October 2013 and March 2014 with a primary injury diagnosis . The mean age of the patients was 77 years. The mechanism of injury involved falls from standing (n = 101, 54%) Preinjury vulnerabilities included cognitive impairment (AD8 Dementia Screen [AD8] score ≥ 2, n = 93, 50%)

Preinjury physical frailty is the predominant predictor of postinjury functional status and mortality in geriatric trauma patients. Identification of frailty and appropriate follow-up are crucial for decision making by providers, patients, and family caregivers.

yes

### Human: The influence of physical frailty and cognitive decline on 6-month and 1-year outcomes after injury is unreported . We hypothesized that physical and cognitive impairments would be predictive of 6 months and 1 year post-injury function and overall mortality . The study involved patients who are 65 years or older admitted to a Level I trauma center between October 2013 and March 2014 with a primary injury diagnosis . The mean age of the patients was 77 years. The mechanism of injury involved falls from standing (n = 101, 54%) Preinjury vulnerabilities included cognitive impairment (AD8 Dementia Screen [AD8] score ≥ 2, n = 93, 50%) Do preinjury physical frailty and cognitive impairment among geriatric trauma patients determine postinjury functional recovery and survival?### Assistant: Preinjury physical frailty is the predominant predictor of postinjury functional status and mortality in geriatric trauma patients. Identification of frailty and appropriate follow-up are crucial for decision making by providers, patients, and family caregivers.

Physical frailty is the predominant predictor of postinjury functional status and mortality in geriatric trauma patients . Identification of frailty and appropriate

Is the evidence provided by a single trial less reliable than its statistical analysis suggests?

Trial-specific factors, such as subject selection, study design, and execution strategy, have an impact on the outcome of trials . In multiple trials, they may lead to heterogeneity that can be taken into account in the (random effects) meta-analysis . Single trials lack this method of estimating the impact of such factors, and this affects the credibility of the results . We calculated the ratio of the widths of the . confidence intervals when . heterogeneity was taken into . account and when it was not .

The results of a single trial should be interpreted with caution. When it is difficult to predict or determine how trial-specific factors influence the results, the best way to evaluate the performance of a treatment is to use multiple, possibly smaller, trials.

yes

### Human: Trial-specific factors, such as subject selection, study design, and execution strategy, have an impact on the outcome of trials . In multiple trials, they may lead to heterogeneity that can be taken into account in the (random effects) meta-analysis . Single trials lack this method of estimating the impact of such factors, and this affects the credibility of the results . We calculated the ratio of the widths of the . confidence intervals when . heterogeneity was taken into . account and when it was not . Is the evidence provided by a single trial less reliable than its statistical analysis suggests?### Assistant: The results of a single trial should be interpreted with caution. When it is difficult to predict or determine how trial-specific factors influence the results, the best way to evaluate the performance of a treatment is to use multiple, possibly smaller, trials.

The results of a single trial should be interpreted with caution . The best way to evaluate the performance of a treatment is to use multiple,

Does dexamphetamine selectively increase 40 Hz auditory steady state response power to target and nontarget stimuli in healthy humans?

An emerging endophenotype of schizophrenia is the reduction of both power and phase locking of the 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) Schizophrenia and positive psychotic symptoms have been closely linked to increased dopamine (DA) neurophysiology . We gave dexamphetamine to healthy participants to determine the effect that increased DA transmission would have on the ASSR . There were no significant interactions between dexamphetamine and selective attention . There was no significant interaction between dexampampineine and selective Attention .

Dexamphetamine releases both noradrenaline and DA with equal potency. Further research with selective dopaminergic and noradrenergic agents will better characterize the effects of monoamines on γ activity.

yes

### Human: An emerging endophenotype of schizophrenia is the reduction of both power and phase locking of the 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) Schizophrenia and positive psychotic symptoms have been closely linked to increased dopamine (DA) neurophysiology . We gave dexamphetamine to healthy participants to determine the effect that increased DA transmission would have on the ASSR . There were no significant interactions between dexamphetamine and selective attention . There was no significant interaction between dexampampineine and selective Attention . Does dexamphetamine selectively increase 40 Hz auditory steady state response power to target and nontarget stimuli in healthy humans?### Assistant: Dexamphetamine releases both noradrenaline and DA with equal potency. Further research with selective dopaminergic and noradrenergic agents will better characterize the effects of monoamines on γ activity.

Dexamphetamine releases both noradrenaline and DA with equal potency . Further research with selective dopaminergic and noradrerenergic

Does neuregulin 1 sustain the gene regulatory network in both trabecular and nontrabecular myocardium?

In development, the membrane-tethered signaling ligand Neuregulin (Nrg)1 is essential for ventricular morphogenesis . In adults, Nrg1 protects against heart failure and can induce cardiomyocytes to divide . We monitored cardiac pErk1/2 expression in embryos and found that expression was Nrg-dependent and levels correlated with cardiac GRN sensitivity in mutants . In vitro, in vitro, Nr1 promoted phospho-Erk/2-dependent transcription factor expression, cardiomocyte maturation and cell cycle inhibition .

The chamber GRN is fundamentally labile and dependent on signaling from extracardiac sources. Nrg1-ErbB1/4-Erk1/2 signaling critically sustains elements of the GRN in trabecular and nontrabecular myocardium, challenging our understanding of Nrg1 function. Transcriptional decay patterns induced by reduced Nrg1 suggest a novel mechanism for cardiac transcriptional regulation and dysfunction in disease, potentially linking biomechanical feedback to molecular pathways for growth and differentiation.

yes

### Human: In development, the membrane-tethered signaling ligand Neuregulin (Nrg)1 is essential for ventricular morphogenesis . In adults, Nrg1 protects against heart failure and can induce cardiomyocytes to divide . We monitored cardiac pErk1/2 expression in embryos and found that expression was Nrg-dependent and levels correlated with cardiac GRN sensitivity in mutants . In vitro, in vitro, Nr1 promoted phospho-Erk/2-dependent transcription factor expression, cardiomocyte maturation and cell cycle inhibition . Does neuregulin 1 sustain the gene regulatory network in both trabecular and nontrabecular myocardium?### Assistant: The chamber GRN is fundamentally labile and dependent on signaling from extracardiac sources. Nrg1-ErbB1/4-Erk1/2 signaling critically sustains elements of the GRN in trabecular and nontrabecular myocardium, challenging our understanding of Nrg1 function. Transcriptional decay patterns induced by reduced Nrg1 suggest a novel mechanism for cardiac transcriptional regulation and dysfunction in disease, potentially linking biomechanical feedback to molecular pathways for growth and differentiation.

The chamber GRN is fundamentally labile and dependent on signaling from extracardiac sources . Nrg1-ErbB1

Is thiopental-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes independent of CD95 activation?

Barbiturate-mediated neuroprotection correlates with lymphopenia, which increases the risk of infection . Thiopental dose-dependently increased caspase-3-like activity in Jurkat cells . Pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (20 microm) only marginally reduced thiopental-induced (250 microg/ml) apoptosis in Jurcat cells (20.2 +/- 2.5 to 17.2) and necrosis in lymphocytes (39.2 to 30.7 +/- 14.7)

Thiopental directly induces cell death in lymphocytes and Jurkat cells by a CD95-independent mechanism.

yes

### Human: Barbiturate-mediated neuroprotection correlates with lymphopenia, which increases the risk of infection . Thiopental dose-dependently increased caspase-3-like activity in Jurkat cells . Pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (20 microm) only marginally reduced thiopental-induced (250 microg/ml) apoptosis in Jurcat cells (20.2 +/- 2.5 to 17.2) and necrosis in lymphocytes (39.2 to 30.7 +/- 14.7) Is thiopental-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes independent of CD95 activation?### Assistant: Thiopental directly induces cell death in lymphocytes and Jurkat cells by a CD95-independent mechanism.

Thiopental directly induces cell death in lymphocytes and Jurkat cells by a CD95-independent mechanism .

Does atorvastatin improve peritoneal sclerosis induced by hypertonic PD solution in rats?

Peritoneal sclerosis is a complication of peritoneal dialysis and results in ultrafiltration failure . Statins have anti-inflammatory properties which may be of value in modulating responses to injury . Administration of atorvastatin resulted in preserved UF (4.9+/-0.8 vs 7.5+/- 0.6 mL, p <0.01), protein loss (2.2 +0.2 g/L) and peritoneale thickness (53+/-3 vs 26+/-4 microm)

Exposure to hypertonic glucose solution resulted in alterations in peritoneal transport manifested by a rapid dissipation of the glucose gradient and resultant impaired UF response. Administration of atorvastatin led to prevention of these alterations. We suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of statins are useful in providing protection of the peritoneal membrane from the effects of hypertonic glucose.

yes

### Human: Peritoneal sclerosis is a complication of peritoneal dialysis and results in ultrafiltration failure . Statins have anti-inflammatory properties which may be of value in modulating responses to injury . Administration of atorvastatin resulted in preserved UF (4.9+/-0.8 vs 7.5+/- 0.6 mL, p <0.01), protein loss (2.2 +0.2 g/L) and peritoneale thickness (53+/-3 vs 26+/-4 microm) Does atorvastatin improve peritoneal sclerosis induced by hypertonic PD solution in rats?### Assistant: Exposure to hypertonic glucose solution resulted in alterations in peritoneal transport manifested by a rapid dissipation of the glucose gradient and resultant impaired UF response. Administration of atorvastatin led to prevention of these alterations. We suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of statins are useful in providing protection of the peritoneal membrane from the effects of hypertonic glucose.

Administration of atorvastatin led to prevention of these alterations . We suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of statins are useful

Are higher serum sclerostin levels and insufficiency of vitamin D strongly associated with vertebral fractures in hemodialysis patients : a case control study?

In hemodialysis patients, vertebral fractures were associated with elevated sclerostin levels . Bone mineral density was measured by ultrasonography at non-dominant heel . Bone turnover markers and parathyroid hormone level were significantly higher . Bone fragility fractures are common in hemodalysis patients . Sclerostins could reflect bone fragility in these patients, authors say . The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of vertebral fracture and analyze associations between sclerstin serum levels and vertebra fractures in he modialysis .

Our data shows high prevalence of vertebral fractures in hemodialysis patients and that it is associated with elevated sclerostin levels, reflecting bone fragility in these patients.

yes

### Human: In hemodialysis patients, vertebral fractures were associated with elevated sclerostin levels . Bone mineral density was measured by ultrasonography at non-dominant heel . Bone turnover markers and parathyroid hormone level were significantly higher . Bone fragility fractures are common in hemodalysis patients . Sclerostins could reflect bone fragility in these patients, authors say . The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of vertebral fracture and analyze associations between sclerstin serum levels and vertebra fractures in he modialysis . Are higher serum sclerostin levels and insufficiency of vitamin D strongly associated with vertebral fractures in hemodialysis patients : a case control study?### Assistant: Our data shows high prevalence of vertebral fractures in hemodialysis patients and that it is associated with elevated sclerostin levels, reflecting bone fragility in these patients.

High prevalence of vertebral fractures in hemodialysis patients and that it is associated with elevated sclerostin levels, reflecting bone

Does clonidine pretreatment modify the growth hormone secretory pattern induced by short-term continuous GRF infusion in normal man?

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single dose of clonidine on the pattern of GH release in response to a 10-hour continuous GRF infusion in normal man . Eight normal volunteers (four women and four men) aged 19-24 years were studied . The amount of GH secreted was significantly higher, the number of GH peaks significantly increased, and almost all the GH was secreted within them . No significant changes were observed in indices of total and pulsatile GH release for the whole sampling period .

These data concord with our previous demonstration that clonidine disrupts the hypothalamic-somatotroph rhythm by inhibiting the hypothalamic release of somatostatin. Given that clonidine pretreatment induced a more physiological episodic pattern of GRF-induced GH release, the possibility of combining clonidine and GRF therapy for short stature in children is envisaged.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single dose of clonidine on the pattern of GH release in response to a 10-hour continuous GRF infusion in normal man . Eight normal volunteers (four women and four men) aged 19-24 years were studied . The amount of GH secreted was significantly higher, the number of GH peaks significantly increased, and almost all the GH was secreted within them . No significant changes were observed in indices of total and pulsatile GH release for the whole sampling period . Does clonidine pretreatment modify the growth hormone secretory pattern induced by short-term continuous GRF infusion in normal man?### Assistant: These data concord with our previous demonstration that clonidine disrupts the hypothalamic-somatotroph rhythm by inhibiting the hypothalamic release of somatostatin. Given that clonidine pretreatment induced a more physiological episodic pattern of GRF-induced GH release, the possibility of combining clonidine and GRF therapy for short stature in children is envisaged.

The possibility of combining clonidine and GRF therapy for short stature in children is envisaged .

Does proton MR spectroscopy provide relevant prognostic information in high-grade astrocytomas?

The study aims to retrospectively assess the predictive value of single-voxel (1)H-MRS regarding survival in HGA . The points on the spectrum with the most significant differences were selected for discriminating patients with good and poor prognosis . Survival was analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model . The intensity values of the points 3.67 ppm at STE (hazard ratio, 2.132; 95% CI, 1.25 ppm at LTE) and 0.98 ppm at TE (HSE) were useful for stratifying 2 prognostic groups .

(1)H-MRS is of value in predicting the length of survival in patients with HGA and could be used to stratify prognostic groups.

yes

### Human: The study aims to retrospectively assess the predictive value of single-voxel (1)H-MRS regarding survival in HGA . The points on the spectrum with the most significant differences were selected for discriminating patients with good and poor prognosis . Survival was analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model . The intensity values of the points 3.67 ppm at STE (hazard ratio, 2.132; 95% CI, 1.25 ppm at LTE) and 0.98 ppm at TE (HSE) were useful for stratifying 2 prognostic groups . Does proton MR spectroscopy provide relevant prognostic information in high-grade astrocytomas?### Assistant: (1)H-MRS is of value in predicting the length of survival in patients with HGA and could be used to stratify prognostic groups.

H-MRS is of value in predicting the length of survival in patients with HGA . It could be used to stratify prog

Are id4 and FABP7 preferentially expressed in cells with astrocytic features in oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas?

Oligodendroglioma (ODG) and oligoastrocytoma (OAC) are diffusely infiltrating primary brain tumors whose pathogenesis remains unclear . We previously identified a group of genes whose expression was inversely correlated with survival in a cohort of patients with glioblastoma . We examined expression patterns and localization of these survival-associated genes in ODG and OAC in order to analyze their possible roles in the oncogenesis of these two tumor types .

Expression of Id4 and some of our previously identified GBM survival-associated genes is present in developing or mature oligodendrocytes. However, protein expression of Id4 and FABP7 in GBM, ODG, and OAC suggests that this group of functionally important genes might demonstrate two patterns of expression in these glioma subtypes: one group is universally expressed in glioma cells, and the other group of genes is expressed primarily in neoplastic astrocytes but not in neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Differential protein expression of these two groups of genes in ODG and OAC may be related to the cellular origins and the histological features of the neoplastic cells.

yes

### Human: Oligodendroglioma (ODG) and oligoastrocytoma (OAC) are diffusely infiltrating primary brain tumors whose pathogenesis remains unclear . We previously identified a group of genes whose expression was inversely correlated with survival in a cohort of patients with glioblastoma . We examined expression patterns and localization of these survival-associated genes in ODG and OAC in order to analyze their possible roles in the oncogenesis of these two tumor types . Are id4 and FABP7 preferentially expressed in cells with astrocytic features in oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas?### Assistant: Expression of Id4 and some of our previously identified GBM survival-associated genes is present in developing or mature oligodendrocytes. However, protein expression of Id4 and FABP7 in GBM, ODG, and OAC suggests that this group of functionally important genes might demonstrate two patterns of expression in these glioma subtypes: one group is universally expressed in glioma cells, and the other group of genes is expressed primarily in neoplastic astrocytes but not in neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Differential protein expression of these two groups of genes in ODG and OAC may be related to the cellular origins and the histological features of the neoplastic cells.

Protein expression of Id4 and FABP7 in GBM, ODG, and OAC suggests that this group of functionally important

Does the free-radical scavenger edaravone accelerate thrombolysis with alteplase in an experimental thrombosis model?

The free-radical scavenger edaravone is used in combination with the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase to treat acute ischemic stroke . We used an in vitro model to investigate the effects of edarvone on thrombolysis in rat mesenteric microvessels . The thrombus volume at 60 min, reflecting the extent of thrombosis, was 97.2% ± 5.7% of the initial value .

These results support the hypothesis that edaravone accelerates thrombolysis by alteplase.

yes

### Human: The free-radical scavenger edaravone is used in combination with the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase to treat acute ischemic stroke . We used an in vitro model to investigate the effects of edarvone on thrombolysis in rat mesenteric microvessels . The thrombus volume at 60 min, reflecting the extent of thrombosis, was 97.2% ± 5.7% of the initial value . Does the free-radical scavenger edaravone accelerate thrombolysis with alteplase in an experimental thrombosis model?### Assistant: These results support the hypothesis that edaravone accelerates thrombolysis by alteplase.

edaravone accelerates thrombolysis by alteplase . These results support the hypothesis that edarvone

Does methionine sulfoxide reductase A ( MsrA ) restore alpha-crystallin chaperone activity lost upon methionine oxidation?

Two proteins that cause cataract when deleted from the lens are methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) and alpha-crystallin which is a two-subunit chaperone . Deletion of MsrA in mice resulted in increased levels of PMSO-alpha-crystalin in the lenses of mice with Msr a-knockout relative to wild-type mice were determined . MsRA treatment of PMso-alpha.crystallina repaired its . activity by reducing PMSO formation .

Methionine oxidation damages alpha-crystallin chaperone function and MsrA can repair PMSO-alpha-crystallin restoring its chaperone function. MsrA is required for maintaining the reduced state of alpha-crystallin methionines in the lens.

yes

### Human: Two proteins that cause cataract when deleted from the lens are methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) and alpha-crystallin which is a two-subunit chaperone . Deletion of MsrA in mice resulted in increased levels of PMSO-alpha-crystalin in the lenses of mice with Msr a-knockout relative to wild-type mice were determined . MsRA treatment of PMso-alpha.crystallina repaired its . activity by reducing PMSO formation . Does methionine sulfoxide reductase A ( MsrA ) restore alpha-crystallin chaperone activity lost upon methionine oxidation?### Assistant: Methionine oxidation damages alpha-crystallin chaperone function and MsrA can repair PMSO-alpha-crystallin restoring its chaperone function. MsrA is required for maintaining the reduced state of alpha-crystallin methionines in the lens.

MsrA is required for maintaining the reduced state of alpha-crystallin methionines in the lens .

Does a novel mutation in LRSAM1 cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with dominant inheritance?

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) refers to a heterogeneous group of genetic motor and sensory neuropathies . We have identified a novel mutation in LRSAM1 in a small family with dominant axonal CMT . The underlying mutation c.2046+1G >T results in the loss of a splice donor site and the inclusion of 63 additional base pairs of intronic DNA into the aberrantly spliced transcript . This disrupts the catalytically active RING domain of LRSam1 .

Our findings suggest that, beyond the typical length-dependent degeneration of motor axons, damage of cell bodies in the anterior horn might play a role in LRSAM1-associated neuropathies. Moreover, in conjunction with other data in the literature, our results support a model, by which disruption of the C-terminal RING domain confers dominant negative properties to LRSAM1.

yes

### Human: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) refers to a heterogeneous group of genetic motor and sensory neuropathies . We have identified a novel mutation in LRSAM1 in a small family with dominant axonal CMT . The underlying mutation c.2046+1G >T results in the loss of a splice donor site and the inclusion of 63 additional base pairs of intronic DNA into the aberrantly spliced transcript . This disrupts the catalytically active RING domain of LRSam1 . Does a novel mutation in LRSAM1 cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with dominant inheritance?### Assistant: Our findings suggest that, beyond the typical length-dependent degeneration of motor axons, damage of cell bodies in the anterior horn might play a role in LRSAM1-associated neuropathies. Moreover, in conjunction with other data in the literature, our results support a model, by which disruption of the C-terminal RING domain confers dominant negative properties to LRSAM1.

Damage of cell bodies in anterior horn might play a role in LRSAM1-associated neuropathies . Disruption of the C

Is marijuana use associated with risky sexual behaviors in treatment-seeking polysubstance abusers?

The study evaluated the relationship between marijuana use and sexual behaviors in 239 patients with cocaine, opioid or alcohol use disorders who were initiating outpatient substance use treatment . Participants were classified into one of three groups based on their marijuana use histories: never (n = 66), past but not current use (n) or current use . Current and former marijuana users had a greater likelihood of having more than 50 lifetime sexual partners . Former and current marijuana users were more likely than never users to have had more than two recent sexual partners (OR [95% CI]  = 8.1 [1.94-33.44].

Treatment-seeking polysubstance abusers with current or past marijuana use histories may be at greater risk of HIV infection than their counterparts who do not use marijuana. These data underscore the importance of increasing awareness about the potential association between marijuana use and increased high-risk sexual behavior among polysubstance abusing patients.

yes

### Human: The study evaluated the relationship between marijuana use and sexual behaviors in 239 patients with cocaine, opioid or alcohol use disorders who were initiating outpatient substance use treatment . Participants were classified into one of three groups based on their marijuana use histories: never (n = 66), past but not current use (n) or current use . Current and former marijuana users had a greater likelihood of having more than 50 lifetime sexual partners . Former and current marijuana users were more likely than never users to have had more than two recent sexual partners (OR [95% CI]  = 8.1 [1.94-33.44]. Is marijuana use associated with risky sexual behaviors in treatment-seeking polysubstance abusers?### Assistant: Treatment-seeking polysubstance abusers with current or past marijuana use histories may be at greater risk of HIV infection than their counterparts who do not use marijuana. These data underscore the importance of increasing awareness about the potential association between marijuana use and increased high-risk sexual behavior among polysubstance abusing patients.

Treatment-seeking polysubstance abusers with current or past marijuana use histories may be at greater risk of HIV infection than their counterparts who

Does elevated matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression promote metastasis in human lung carcinoma?

Matrix metalloproteinase 7 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis in several cancers . In this study, we investigated the correlation between MMP-7 expression and lung cancer pathology . We retrieved a total of 121 studies through database searches . 14 cohort studies satisfied inclusion/exclusion criteria, and these 14 studies, published between 2004 and 2012, were selected for meta-analysis . Our results showed consistent differences in MMP . expression when comparisons were made between . TNM I-II versus . III-IV (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.78, P = 0.006)

Our meta-analysis results revealed that MMP-7 overexpression is associated with advanced TNM and histological grades, and is linked to aggressive LN metastasis in lung cancer patients; thus MMP-7 is a useful biomarker to assess the disease status in lung cancers.

yes

### Human: Matrix metalloproteinase 7 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis in several cancers . In this study, we investigated the correlation between MMP-7 expression and lung cancer pathology . We retrieved a total of 121 studies through database searches . 14 cohort studies satisfied inclusion/exclusion criteria, and these 14 studies, published between 2004 and 2012, were selected for meta-analysis . Our results showed consistent differences in MMP . expression when comparisons were made between . TNM I-II versus . III-IV (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.78, P = 0.006) Does elevated matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression promote metastasis in human lung carcinoma?### Assistant: Our meta-analysis results revealed that MMP-7 overexpression is associated with advanced TNM and histological grades, and is linked to aggressive LN metastasis in lung cancer patients; thus MMP-7 is a useful biomarker to assess the disease status in lung cancers.

MMP-7 overexpression is linked to aggressive LN metastasis in lung cancer patients . It is a useful biomarker to

Are anti-Phosphatidylserine-Prothrombin Antibodies Associated with Outcome in a TIA Cohort?

Antibodies have been associated with thrombosis in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) and with atherosclerotic vascular events in patients without APS . We examined the significance of aPLs in transient ischemic attack (TIA) Patients with TIA <48 h from symptom onset were prospectively enrolled . Primary outcome was a composite of stroke or death within 90 days or identification of a high risk stroke mechanism . Secondary outcomes were stroke or . death and the presence of clinical/sub-clinical atherosclerosis .

In contrast to other aPLs, aPS/PT IgG antibodies are independently associated with stroke or death in patients with TIA.

yes

### Human: Antibodies have been associated with thrombosis in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) and with atherosclerotic vascular events in patients without APS . We examined the significance of aPLs in transient ischemic attack (TIA) Patients with TIA <48 h from symptom onset were prospectively enrolled . Primary outcome was a composite of stroke or death within 90 days or identification of a high risk stroke mechanism . Secondary outcomes were stroke or . death and the presence of clinical/sub-clinical atherosclerosis . Are anti-Phosphatidylserine-Prothrombin Antibodies Associated with Outcome in a TIA Cohort?### Assistant: In contrast to other aPLs, aPS/PT IgG antibodies are independently associated with stroke or death in patients with TIA.

APS/PT IgG antibodies are independently associated with stroke or death in patients with TIA .

Does pAX6 increase glioma cell susceptibility to detachment and oxidative stress?

GBM cells are resistant to radiation and alkylating agent-based chemotherapy . PAX6 could suppress cell invasion and tumorigenicity, authors say . PAXSix over-expression attenuated GBM cell recovery of growth after detachment-induced stress . This may be partially responsible for the impaired growth rate after cell detachment, they say . Addition of anti-oxidant improved the cell viability of PAX6 over-expressing cells, but did not restore their ability to proliferate .

To survive, GBM cells must resist oxidative stress in the necrotic zone as well as the intracellular ROS generated during detachment. Since PAX6 over-expression in low PAX6-expressing glioma cells attenuated cell survival and growth after detachment, these results suggest that a reduced PAX6 expression may be a molecular trait that gives glioma cells a real selection advantage over other cell types to survive in stressful conditions, thus resulting in expansion of their population.

yes

### Human: GBM cells are resistant to radiation and alkylating agent-based chemotherapy . PAX6 could suppress cell invasion and tumorigenicity, authors say . PAXSix over-expression attenuated GBM cell recovery of growth after detachment-induced stress . This may be partially responsible for the impaired growth rate after cell detachment, they say . Addition of anti-oxidant improved the cell viability of PAX6 over-expressing cells, but did not restore their ability to proliferate . Does pAX6 increase glioma cell susceptibility to detachment and oxidative stress?### Assistant: To survive, GBM cells must resist oxidative stress in the necrotic zone as well as the intracellular ROS generated during detachment. Since PAX6 over-expression in low PAX6-expressing glioma cells attenuated cell survival and growth after detachment, these results suggest that a reduced PAX6 expression may be a molecular trait that gives glioma cells a real selection advantage over other cell types to survive in stressful conditions, thus resulting in expansion of their population.

PAX6 over-expression in low PAX6-expressing glioma cells attenuated cell survival and growth after detachment . These results

Does oral administration of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing bovine beta-lactoglobulin partially prevent mice from sensitization?

Use of probiotics such as Lactococcus lactis and other lactic acid bacteria has been proposed for the management of food allergy . No experimental study has clearly demonstrated any preventive or therapeutic inhibition of an allergen-specific IgE response . We aimed to study the immunomodulatory effect of recombinant L. lactis expressing bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) in a validated mouse model of allergy . The most efficient strains that inhibited the response were those producing the highest amounts of the BLG protein .

Oral administration of some recombinant L. lactis was demonstrated to induce a specific Th1 response down-regulating a further Th2 one. Prophylaxis protocols will thus be evaluated using the most efficient strains.

yes

### Human: Use of probiotics such as Lactococcus lactis and other lactic acid bacteria has been proposed for the management of food allergy . No experimental study has clearly demonstrated any preventive or therapeutic inhibition of an allergen-specific IgE response . We aimed to study the immunomodulatory effect of recombinant L. lactis expressing bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) in a validated mouse model of allergy . The most efficient strains that inhibited the response were those producing the highest amounts of the BLG protein . Does oral administration of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing bovine beta-lactoglobulin partially prevent mice from sensitization?### Assistant: Oral administration of some recombinant L. lactis was demonstrated to induce a specific Th1 response down-regulating a further Th2 one. Prophylaxis protocols will thus be evaluated using the most efficient strains.

Oral administration of some recombinant L. lactis was demonstrated to induce a specific Th1 response down-regulating a further Th

Does retinoblastoma suppressor associated protein 46 ( RbAp46 ) attenuate the beta-catenin/TCF signaling through up-regulation of GSK-3beta expression?

BETA-Catenin plays a critical role in embryonic development and tumorigenesis through its function in cell-cell adhesion and in the Wnt-dependent signaling pathway . In RbAp46-expressing cells, betacatenin protein was highly phosphorylated and the steady state levels of beta-catenin protein were significantly decreased . The protein is strictly and dynamically regulated in the development of cancer cells . The study found that cells expressing recombinant Rbap46 exhibited a decreased rate of cell growth .

RbAp46 plays an important role in regulation of beta-catenin expression and the beta-catenin/TCF signaling pathway presumably through regulation of GSK-3beta expression.

yes

### Human: BETA-Catenin plays a critical role in embryonic development and tumorigenesis through its function in cell-cell adhesion and in the Wnt-dependent signaling pathway . In RbAp46-expressing cells, betacatenin protein was highly phosphorylated and the steady state levels of beta-catenin protein were significantly decreased . The protein is strictly and dynamically regulated in the development of cancer cells . The study found that cells expressing recombinant Rbap46 exhibited a decreased rate of cell growth . Does retinoblastoma suppressor associated protein 46 ( RbAp46 ) attenuate the beta-catenin/TCF signaling through up-regulation of GSK-3beta expression?### Assistant: RbAp46 plays an important role in regulation of beta-catenin expression and the beta-catenin/TCF signaling pathway presumably through regulation of GSK-3beta expression.

RbAp46 plays an important role in regulation of beta-catenin expression and the beta-Catenin/TCF

Does novobiocin sensitize BCRP/MXR/ABCP overexpressing topotecan-resistant human breast carcinoma cells to topotecan and mitoxantrone?

Novobiocin was shown to sensitize cancer cells to etoposide and alkylating agents . Human breast carcinoma cells exposed to topotecan developed resistance to mitoxantrone and topotechan . Novobocin enhanced cellular accumulation of topotecaan and inhibited topotaecan efflux in MCF7/TPT300 cells, authors say . NovobiOCin enhances topotekan and mitoxan toxicity in MCTTC300 cells at a clinically relevant concentration .

Novobiocin may enhance topotecan and mitoxantrone toxicity in topotecan-resistant breast carcinoma cells. Novobiocin may be useful to reverse topotecan or mitoxantrone resistance in the clinic.

yes

### Human: Novobiocin was shown to sensitize cancer cells to etoposide and alkylating agents . Human breast carcinoma cells exposed to topotecan developed resistance to mitoxantrone and topotechan . Novobocin enhanced cellular accumulation of topotecaan and inhibited topotaecan efflux in MCF7/TPT300 cells, authors say . NovobiOCin enhances topotekan and mitoxan toxicity in MCTTC300 cells at a clinically relevant concentration . Does novobiocin sensitize BCRP/MXR/ABCP overexpressing topotecan-resistant human breast carcinoma cells to topotecan and mitoxantrone?### Assistant: Novobiocin may enhance topotecan and mitoxantrone toxicity in topotecan-resistant breast carcinoma cells. Novobiocin may be useful to reverse topotecan or mitoxantrone resistance in the clinic.

Novobiocin may enhance topotecan and mitoxantrone toxicity in breast carcinoma cells . It may be useful to

Does the use of haplotype-specific transcripts improve sample annotation consistency?

Hartigans' dip test statistics were applied to a publically available human whole genome microarray dataset . The marker performance was tested on 188 serial samples from 53 donors and of variable tissue origin from five public microarray datasets . A qualified transcript marker panel consisting of three probe sets for human leukocyte antigens HLA-DQA1 (2 probe sets) and HLA -DRB4 identified sample donor identifier inconsistencies in six of the 188 test samples . About 3% of the test samples require root-cause analysis due to unresolvable inaccuracies .

The transcript marker panel consisting of HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB4 represents a robust, tissue-independent composite marker to assist control donor annotation concordance at the transcript level. Allele-selectivity of HLA genes renders them good candidates for "fingerprinting" with donor specific expression pattern.

yes

### Human: Hartigans' dip test statistics were applied to a publically available human whole genome microarray dataset . The marker performance was tested on 188 serial samples from 53 donors and of variable tissue origin from five public microarray datasets . A qualified transcript marker panel consisting of three probe sets for human leukocyte antigens HLA-DQA1 (2 probe sets) and HLA -DRB4 identified sample donor identifier inconsistencies in six of the 188 test samples . About 3% of the test samples require root-cause analysis due to unresolvable inaccuracies . Does the use of haplotype-specific transcripts improve sample annotation consistency?### Assistant: The transcript marker panel consisting of HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB4 represents a robust, tissue-independent composite marker to assist control donor annotation concordance at the transcript level. Allele-selectivity of HLA genes renders them good candidates for "fingerprinting" with donor specific expression pattern.

The transcript marker panel consists of HLA-DQA1 and HLA -DRB4 . The panel is a robust tissue

Are elevated plasma fractalkine levels associated with higher levels of IL-6 , Apo-B , LDL-C and insulin , but not with body composition in a large female twin sample?

Plasma fractalkine (FRACT) is involved in the development of numerous inflammatory conditions including atherosclerosis . It is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and adipose inflammation . But whether FRACT is linked to major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is virtually unknown . We report significant correlations between FRACT and circulating IL-6, Apo-B, LDL-C and insulin . The associations with IL-Six and ApoB were particularly significant (P-value<0.001), and survived correction for multiple testing .

Higher FRACT levels correlated with elevated levels of IL-6, Apo-B, LDL-C and insulin, all known risk factors for several clinical related diseases suggesting a potential role of FRACT in inflammation and tissue injury. Variations of FRACT levels are not influenced by body composition and are not correlated with leptin indicating that fat mass alone is not responsible for elevation of FRACT seen in obese individuals.

yes

### Human: Plasma fractalkine (FRACT) is involved in the development of numerous inflammatory conditions including atherosclerosis . It is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and adipose inflammation . But whether FRACT is linked to major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is virtually unknown . We report significant correlations between FRACT and circulating IL-6, Apo-B, LDL-C and insulin . The associations with IL-Six and ApoB were particularly significant (P-value<0.001), and survived correction for multiple testing . Are elevated plasma fractalkine levels associated with higher levels of IL-6 , Apo-B , LDL-C and insulin , but not with body composition in a large female twin sample?### Assistant: Higher FRACT levels correlated with elevated levels of IL-6, Apo-B, LDL-C and insulin, all known risk factors for several clinical related diseases suggesting a potential role of FRACT in inflammation and tissue injury. Variations of FRACT levels are not influenced by body composition and are not correlated with leptin indicating that fat mass alone is not responsible for elevation of FRACT seen in obese individuals.

FRACT levels correlated with elevated levels of IL-6, Apo-B, LDL-C and insulin . These are all known

Does mesenchymal stem cell therapy ameliorate diabetic hepatocyte damage in mice by inhibiting infiltration of bone marrow-derived cells?

MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) was also administered to examine the trophic effects of MSCs on liver damage . Kinetic and molecular profiles of BMDCs in the liver were evaluated using BM-chimeric mice . Curative effects of both therapies were similar because both ameliorated the aggravation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminodransferases at 8 weeks of treatment . Both therapies also prevented excessive lipid accumulation and apoptosis of hepatocytes .

MSC therapy is a powerful tool for repairing diabetic hepatocyte damage by inhibiting inflammatory reactions induced by BMDCs and IR. These effects are likely the result of humoral factors derived from MSCs.

yes

### Human: MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) was also administered to examine the trophic effects of MSCs on liver damage . Kinetic and molecular profiles of BMDCs in the liver were evaluated using BM-chimeric mice . Curative effects of both therapies were similar because both ameliorated the aggravation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminodransferases at 8 weeks of treatment . Both therapies also prevented excessive lipid accumulation and apoptosis of hepatocytes . Does mesenchymal stem cell therapy ameliorate diabetic hepatocyte damage in mice by inhibiting infiltration of bone marrow-derived cells?### Assistant: MSC therapy is a powerful tool for repairing diabetic hepatocyte damage by inhibiting inflammatory reactions induced by BMDCs and IR. These effects are likely the result of humoral factors derived from MSCs.

MSC therapy is a powerful tool for repairing diabetic hepatocyte damage by inhibiting inflammatory reactions . These effects are likely to be the result

Are macrophage subpopulations essential for infarct repair with and without stem cell therapy?

MSC therapy significantly increased the percentage of reparative M2 macrophages in the infarcted myocardium, compared with mononuclear- and saline-treated hearts, 3 and 4 days after MI . Macrophage cytokine secretion was significantly increased after MSC treatment, or incubation with MSCs or MSC supernatant . Early macrophage depletion produced the greatest negative effect on infarCT size and left ventricular remodeling and function, as well as a significant incidence of left . ventricular thrombus formation .

Some of the protective effects of MSCs on infarct repair are mediated by macrophages, which are essential for early healing and repair. Thus, targeting macrophages could be a novel strategy to improve infarct healing and repair.

yes

### Human: MSC therapy significantly increased the percentage of reparative M2 macrophages in the infarcted myocardium, compared with mononuclear- and saline-treated hearts, 3 and 4 days after MI . Macrophage cytokine secretion was significantly increased after MSC treatment, or incubation with MSCs or MSC supernatant . Early macrophage depletion produced the greatest negative effect on infarCT size and left ventricular remodeling and function, as well as a significant incidence of left . ventricular thrombus formation . Are macrophage subpopulations essential for infarct repair with and without stem cell therapy?### Assistant: Some of the protective effects of MSCs on infarct repair are mediated by macrophages, which are essential for early healing and repair. Thus, targeting macrophages could be a novel strategy to improve infarct healing and repair.

Some of the protective effects of MSCs on infarct repair are mediated by macrophages, which are essential for early healing

Does chronic blockade of melanocortin receptors alleviate allodynia in rats with neuropathic pain?

MC receptor ligands acutely alter nociception in an animal model of neuropathic pain . We hypothesized that chronic blockade of spinal MC system might decrease sensory abnormalities associated with this condition . The effects of the MC receptor antagonist SHU9119 and agonist MTII were evaluated in rats with a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve . We conclude that the chronic administration of MC4-receptor antagonists might provide a promising tool in the treatment of neuropathial pain. We conclude

In this study we demonstrated that continuous intrathecal infusion of the melanocortin-receptor antagonist SHU9119 reduces cold and mechanical allodynia in rats with a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, a lesion producing neuropathic pain.

yes

### Human: MC receptor ligands acutely alter nociception in an animal model of neuropathic pain . We hypothesized that chronic blockade of spinal MC system might decrease sensory abnormalities associated with this condition . The effects of the MC receptor antagonist SHU9119 and agonist MTII were evaluated in rats with a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve . We conclude that the chronic administration of MC4-receptor antagonists might provide a promising tool in the treatment of neuropathial pain. We conclude Does chronic blockade of melanocortin receptors alleviate allodynia in rats with neuropathic pain?### Assistant: In this study we demonstrated that continuous intrathecal infusion of the melanocortin-receptor antagonist SHU9119 reduces cold and mechanical allodynia in rats with a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, a lesion producing neuropathic pain.

Injections of the melanocortin-receptor antagonist SHU9119 reduce cold and mechanical allodynia in rats with

Does a Rho-associated kinase mitigate reperfusion-induced change in the shape of cardiac capillary endothelial cells in situ?

Rho-associated kinase regulates sensitivity of myosin light chain to Ca(2+) in smooth muscle but not in cardiac or skeletal muscle myocytes . Rho GTPases are involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal re-organization and in cell contraction . The role of Rho proteins in endothelial cell shape change in situ in the myocardial capillary bed has to date not been investigated . We used a ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, to investigate the role of this protein in endothelia cell shape .

These results suggest that ROCK1 is involved in cardiac capillary endothelial cell shape change in situ and that targeting the contractile system in this way may be useful in ameliorating reperfusion injury.

yes

### Human: Rho-associated kinase regulates sensitivity of myosin light chain to Ca(2+) in smooth muscle but not in cardiac or skeletal muscle myocytes . Rho GTPases are involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal re-organization and in cell contraction . The role of Rho proteins in endothelial cell shape change in situ in the myocardial capillary bed has to date not been investigated . We used a ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, to investigate the role of this protein in endothelia cell shape . Does a Rho-associated kinase mitigate reperfusion-induced change in the shape of cardiac capillary endothelial cells in situ?### Assistant: These results suggest that ROCK1 is involved in cardiac capillary endothelial cell shape change in situ and that targeting the contractile system in this way may be useful in ameliorating reperfusion injury.

ROCK1 is involved in cardiac capillary endothelial cell shape change in situ . Targeting the contractile system in this way may be

Is vitamin D inadequacy associated with significant coronary artery stenosis in a community-based elderly cohort : the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging?

Recent studies suggest an association between vitamin D activity and cardiometabolic risk . We investigated vitamin D status and its association with subclinical atherosclerosis in a Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging . We evaluated the coronary artery calcium score and stenosis using multidetector-row cardiac computed tomography, the intima-media thickness using carotid sonography, pulse wave velocity, and the ankle-brachial index . The frequency of coronary artery stenosis differed between 25-OHD-deficient, -insufficient, and -adequate groups, respectively .

The association between 25-OHD inadequacy and subclinical atherosclerosis underscores the clinical implications of vitamin D status. An intervention strategy to increase vitamin D level through vitamin D-fortified diet and adequate sun exposure may mitigate the consequences of vitamin D deficiency.

yes

### Human: Recent studies suggest an association between vitamin D activity and cardiometabolic risk . We investigated vitamin D status and its association with subclinical atherosclerosis in a Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging . We evaluated the coronary artery calcium score and stenosis using multidetector-row cardiac computed tomography, the intima-media thickness using carotid sonography, pulse wave velocity, and the ankle-brachial index . The frequency of coronary artery stenosis differed between 25-OHD-deficient, -insufficient, and -adequate groups, respectively . Is vitamin D inadequacy associated with significant coronary artery stenosis in a community-based elderly cohort : the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging?### Assistant: The association between 25-OHD inadequacy and subclinical atherosclerosis underscores the clinical implications of vitamin D status. An intervention strategy to increase vitamin D level through vitamin D-fortified diet and adequate sun exposure may mitigate the consequences of vitamin D deficiency.

The association between 25-OHD inadequacy and subclinical atherosclerosis underscores the clinical implications of vitamin D status . Vitamin D-

Do calcium and osteoprotegerin levels predict the progression of the abdominal aortic calcifications after kidney transplantation?

Vascular calcifications (VCs) are a cardiovascular risk factor in patients affected by chronic kidney disease and after kidney transplantation (KTx) We evaluated the prevalence of VCs at the abdominal aortic site in KTx patients at the time of transplantation and 1 year after KTx . In 107 transplanted patients, the following parameters were evaluated at the first and twelfth month after transplantation . Patients were followed up for 2 years after transplant and one year after transplant . One year after transplanted, VCs worsened in 26% of patients, whereas in 74% remained stable or improved .

VCs at the aortic site are frequent in KTx patients, and in a significant percentage of them, they tend to progress even in the short time. High levels of serum calcium and OPG are significantly associated with the progression of VCs. Whether these associations are based on a cause-effect relationship and their correction might impact on the calcification process could be ascertained by prospective interventional studies.

yes

### Human: Vascular calcifications (VCs) are a cardiovascular risk factor in patients affected by chronic kidney disease and after kidney transplantation (KTx) We evaluated the prevalence of VCs at the abdominal aortic site in KTx patients at the time of transplantation and 1 year after KTx . In 107 transplanted patients, the following parameters were evaluated at the first and twelfth month after transplantation . Patients were followed up for 2 years after transplant and one year after transplant . One year after transplanted, VCs worsened in 26% of patients, whereas in 74% remained stable or improved . Do calcium and osteoprotegerin levels predict the progression of the abdominal aortic calcifications after kidney transplantation?### Assistant: VCs at the aortic site are frequent in KTx patients, and in a significant percentage of them, they tend to progress even in the short time. High levels of serum calcium and OPG are significantly associated with the progression of VCs. Whether these associations are based on a cause-effect relationship and their correction might impact on the calcification process could be ascertained by prospective interventional studies.

High levels of serum calcium and OPG are significantly associated with the progression of VCs . Whether these associations are based on a cause-

Is matrilysin ( MMP-7 ) a novel broadly expressed tumor antigen recognized by antigen-specific T cells?

MMP-7 can promote cancer invasion and angiogenesis by proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix and basement membrane proteins . It is a promising target in the context of immunotherapies, authors say . They say the MMP7 protein is extensively up-regulated in renal cell carcinomas and expressed in a broad variety of malignant cells . The authors also found that the protein promotes cancer angiogenic by cleaving extracecular matrix proteins . They suggest immunotherapy could be a potential target in immunotherapy .

Our study describes the identification of a novel broadly expressed T-cell epitope derived from the MMP-7 protein that represents an interesting candidate to be applied in immunotherapies of human malignancies targeting both tumor cells and neovascularization.

yes

### Human: MMP-7 can promote cancer invasion and angiogenesis by proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix and basement membrane proteins . It is a promising target in the context of immunotherapies, authors say . They say the MMP7 protein is extensively up-regulated in renal cell carcinomas and expressed in a broad variety of malignant cells . The authors also found that the protein promotes cancer angiogenic by cleaving extracecular matrix proteins . They suggest immunotherapy could be a potential target in immunotherapy . Is matrilysin ( MMP-7 ) a novel broadly expressed tumor antigen recognized by antigen-specific T cells?### Assistant: Our study describes the identification of a novel broadly expressed T-cell epitope derived from the MMP-7 protein that represents an interesting candidate to be applied in immunotherapies of human malignancies targeting both tumor cells and neovascularization.

Study describes the identification of a novel broadly expressed T-cell epitope derived from the MMP-7 protein . The protein represents an

Does diallyl tetrasulfane activate both the eIF2α and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways?

Diallyl polysulfanes have been shown to exert cell cycle arrest, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models . Little is known about the underlying signaling cascades leading to antioxidant defense or apoptosis . DATTS treatment of HCT116 cells also caused an up-regulation of phospho-eIF2α, nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels . Pre-treatment of cells with antioxidants significantly reduced the elevated expression levels of these proteins .

DATTS activates the ROS-eIF2α/Nrf2 HO-1 signaling cascades leading to the up-regulation of HO-1. However, this antioxidant defense is not sufficient to protect HCT116 cells from apoptosis.

yes

### Human: Diallyl polysulfanes have been shown to exert cell cycle arrest, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models . Little is known about the underlying signaling cascades leading to antioxidant defense or apoptosis . DATTS treatment of HCT116 cells also caused an up-regulation of phospho-eIF2α, nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels . Pre-treatment of cells with antioxidants significantly reduced the elevated expression levels of these proteins . Does diallyl tetrasulfane activate both the eIF2α and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways?### Assistant: DATTS activates the ROS-eIF2α/Nrf2 HO-1 signaling cascades leading to the up-regulation of HO-1. However, this antioxidant defense is not sufficient to protect HCT116 cells from apoptosis.

DATTS activates the ROS-eIF2α/Nrf2 HO-1 signaling cascades leading to the up-regulation

Do extremes of an aromatase index predict increased 25-year risk of cardiovascular mortality in older women?

An index of aromatase activity (AROM), the serum oestrone-to-androstenedione ratio, with 25-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was examined in 819 postmenopausal non-oestrogen using women . AROM was positively correlated with age (r = 0·28) and BMI (P < 0·001) AROM and BMI were significant factors in CVD mortality rates . Oestradiol did not influence AROM associations and was not independently related to AROM .

These results suggest that aromatase is a novel endocrine factor predictive of CVD mortality among postmenopausal women. If confirmed, additional studies are needed to determine whether extremes of aromatase reflect genetic influences or underlying disease processes.

yes

### Human: An index of aromatase activity (AROM), the serum oestrone-to-androstenedione ratio, with 25-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was examined in 819 postmenopausal non-oestrogen using women . AROM was positively correlated with age (r = 0·28) and BMI (P < 0·001) AROM and BMI were significant factors in CVD mortality rates . Oestradiol did not influence AROM associations and was not independently related to AROM . Do extremes of an aromatase index predict increased 25-year risk of cardiovascular mortality in older women?### Assistant: These results suggest that aromatase is a novel endocrine factor predictive of CVD mortality among postmenopausal women. If confirmed, additional studies are needed to determine whether extremes of aromatase reflect genetic influences or underlying disease processes.

Aromatase is a novel endocrine factor predictive of CVD mortality among postmenopausal women . If confirmed, additional studies are

Does serum thyroglobulin predict thyroid remnant ablation failure with 30 mCi iodine-131 treatment in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer are treated with radioiodine (131-I) after thyroidectomy . The characteristics predictive of successful remnant ablation with low activities of 131-I are ill defined and could help stratify patients into those who should receive higher activities . Patients with an ablation thyroglobulin of at least 6 μg/l were at a more than five times greater risk (P<0.001) to fail 30 mCi 131-i remnant ablate the remnant .

The majority of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma experienced successful ablation. However, elevated-stimulated ablation thyroglobulin levels were strongly predictive of ablation failure, suggesting that this biochemical marker correlates with a more aggressive tumor profile and identifies those patients who might benefit from additional therapy.

yes

### Human: Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer are treated with radioiodine (131-I) after thyroidectomy . The characteristics predictive of successful remnant ablation with low activities of 131-I are ill defined and could help stratify patients into those who should receive higher activities . Patients with an ablation thyroglobulin of at least 6 μg/l were at a more than five times greater risk (P<0.001) to fail 30 mCi 131-i remnant ablate the remnant . Does serum thyroglobulin predict thyroid remnant ablation failure with 30 mCi iodine-131 treatment in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma?### Assistant: The majority of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma experienced successful ablation. However, elevated-stimulated ablation thyroglobulin levels were strongly predictive of ablation failure, suggesting that this biochemical marker correlates with a more aggressive tumor profile and identifies those patients who might benefit from additional therapy.

The majority of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma experienced successful ablation . However, elevated-stimulated ablation thyroglob

Does mRI feature most often associated with surgically proven tears of the spring ligament complex?

The authors aim to present the common MRI appearances of surgically proven spring ligament tears as minimal radiological literature exists regarding injury to this increasingly important structure . MRI findings included proximal thickening >5 mm in 92% of proven injures to the spring ligaments complex . Common abnormalities of the medio-plantar portion comprised ligament thickening <7 mm in 31% of cases of ligament thening >7 mm and intra-substance signal heterogenicity demonstrated in 38 % of cases .

The complex orientation of the medio-plantar ligament makes its evaluation unreliable due to the difficulty obtaining diagnostic quality imaging and our inability to correlate MRI findings in this portion of the ligament with surgically proven injury. However, MRI abnormalities of the superior-medial ligament are consistent, reproducible, and correlate with surgical pathology. As our incomplete understanding of the flexible flatfoot deformity evolves, our ability to recognize injury to the spring ligament may encourage novel surgical treatments looking to incorporate its repair or reconstruction into deformity correction.

yes

### Human: The authors aim to present the common MRI appearances of surgically proven spring ligament tears as minimal radiological literature exists regarding injury to this increasingly important structure . MRI findings included proximal thickening >5 mm in 92% of proven injures to the spring ligaments complex . Common abnormalities of the medio-plantar portion comprised ligament thickening <7 mm in 31% of cases of ligament thening >7 mm and intra-substance signal heterogenicity demonstrated in 38 % of cases . Does mRI feature most often associated with surgically proven tears of the spring ligament complex?### Assistant: The complex orientation of the medio-plantar ligament makes its evaluation unreliable due to the difficulty obtaining diagnostic quality imaging and our inability to correlate MRI findings in this portion of the ligament with surgically proven injury. However, MRI abnormalities of the superior-medial ligament are consistent, reproducible, and correlate with surgical pathology. As our incomplete understanding of the flexible flatfoot deformity evolves, our ability to recognize injury to the spring ligament may encourage novel surgical treatments looking to incorporate its repair or reconstruction into deformity correction.

MRI abnormalities of superior-medial ligament are consistent, reproducible, and correlate with surgical pathology . As our incomplete understanding of the

Does prior intraperitoneal injection of rat recombinant IL-6 increase hypothalamic IL-6 contents in subsequent forced swim stressor in rats?

Cytokines do not only mediate responses to infection, but are also involved in behavioral responses to psychological stressors . IL-6 has received special attention in relation to the development of posttraumatic stress disorders and depression . Injecting of rrIL-6 did not affect immobility, swimming or climbing behaviors during the forced swim (FS) stressor compared with the saline control . FS with prior administration of prior administration increased hypothalamic IL-Six contents in response to FS compared with saline injection-FS condition .

Our results suggested that stressor alone had no influence on plasma IL-6 levels and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in midbrain and hypothalamus, but administration of rrIL-6 followed by FS significantly increased hypothalamic IL-6. Our results support the notion that the interaction between IL-6 and stressor might have implications for the pathophysiology of IL-6-induced depressive symptoms.

yes

### Human: Cytokines do not only mediate responses to infection, but are also involved in behavioral responses to psychological stressors . IL-6 has received special attention in relation to the development of posttraumatic stress disorders and depression . Injecting of rrIL-6 did not affect immobility, swimming or climbing behaviors during the forced swim (FS) stressor compared with the saline control . FS with prior administration of prior administration increased hypothalamic IL-Six contents in response to FS compared with saline injection-FS condition . Does prior intraperitoneal injection of rat recombinant IL-6 increase hypothalamic IL-6 contents in subsequent forced swim stressor in rats?### Assistant: Our results suggested that stressor alone had no influence on plasma IL-6 levels and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in midbrain and hypothalamus, but administration of rrIL-6 followed by FS significantly increased hypothalamic IL-6. Our results support the notion that the interaction between IL-6 and stressor might have implications for the pathophysiology of IL-6-induced depressive symptoms.

Administration of rrIL-6 followed by FS significantly increased hypothalamic IL-6 . Our results support the notion that the interaction between

Do plasma separation and anion adsorption transiently relieve intractable pruritus in primary biliary cirrhosis?

Pruritus can be a severely disabling symptom in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who do not respond to treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid, anion exchangers, enzyme inducers, or opiate antagonists . The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of plasma separation and anion adsorption in the treatment of intractable pruritus of cholestasis . The treatment was well tolerated by all patients and was transiently observed in all patients .

Plasma separation and anion adsorption seem to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis suffering from intractable pruritus.

yes

### Human: Pruritus can be a severely disabling symptom in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who do not respond to treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid, anion exchangers, enzyme inducers, or opiate antagonists . The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of plasma separation and anion adsorption in the treatment of intractable pruritus of cholestasis . The treatment was well tolerated by all patients and was transiently observed in all patients . Do plasma separation and anion adsorption transiently relieve intractable pruritus in primary biliary cirrhosis?### Assistant: Plasma separation and anion adsorption seem to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis suffering from intractable pruritus.

Plasma separation and anion adsorption seem to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis suffering

Is adefovir dipivoxil effective for the treatment of cirrhotic patients with lamivudine failure?

Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) was used in elderly and cirrhotic patients with lamivudine-resistant (LAM-R) chronic hepatitis B . Study evaluated safety and efficacy of ADV in this specific patient population . Virological and biochemical responses to the addition of ADV were analysed . At the end of follow-up, 41.2% of patients had undetectable HBV DNA with a median reduction of 3.4 log(10) copies/ml .

Adefovir dipivoxil provides effective and safe treatment in cirrhotic and elderly patients who failed LAM therapy.

yes

### Human: Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) was used in elderly and cirrhotic patients with lamivudine-resistant (LAM-R) chronic hepatitis B . Study evaluated safety and efficacy of ADV in this specific patient population . Virological and biochemical responses to the addition of ADV were analysed . At the end of follow-up, 41.2% of patients had undetectable HBV DNA with a median reduction of 3.4 log(10) copies/ml . Is adefovir dipivoxil effective for the treatment of cirrhotic patients with lamivudine failure?### Assistant: Adefovir dipivoxil provides effective and safe treatment in cirrhotic and elderly patients who failed LAM therapy.

Adefovir dipivoxil provides effective treatment in cirrhotic and elderly patients who failed LAM therapy .

Does zinc deficiency increase organ damage and mortality in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis?

Zinc deficiency causes exaggerated inflammatory responses to endotoxin but has not been evaluated during bacterial sepsis . Sepsis mortality was significantly increased with zinc deficiency (90% vs. 30% on control diet) Zinc-deficient animals subject to CLP had higher plasma cytokines, more severe organ injury, including increased oxidative tissue damage and cell death . Zinc supplementation normalized the inflammatory response, greatly diminished tissue damage, and significantly reduced mortality . None of the sham-operated animals died or developed signs of organ damage .

Subacute zinc deficiency significantly increases systemic inflammation, organ damage, and mortality in a murine polymicrobial sepsis model. Short-term zinc repletion provides significant, but incomplete protection despite normalization of inflammatory and organ damage indices.

yes

### Human: Zinc deficiency causes exaggerated inflammatory responses to endotoxin but has not been evaluated during bacterial sepsis . Sepsis mortality was significantly increased with zinc deficiency (90% vs. 30% on control diet) Zinc-deficient animals subject to CLP had higher plasma cytokines, more severe organ injury, including increased oxidative tissue damage and cell death . Zinc supplementation normalized the inflammatory response, greatly diminished tissue damage, and significantly reduced mortality . None of the sham-operated animals died or developed signs of organ damage . Does zinc deficiency increase organ damage and mortality in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis?### Assistant: Subacute zinc deficiency significantly increases systemic inflammation, organ damage, and mortality in a murine polymicrobial sepsis model. Short-term zinc repletion provides significant, but incomplete protection despite normalization of inflammatory and organ damage indices.

Subacute zinc deficiency increases systemic inflammation, organ damage, and mortality in a murine polymicrobial sepsis model . Short

Do conference abstracts of a new oncology drug always lead to full publication : proceed with caution?

On average, 45% of all conference abstracts subsequently appear as full publications . However, the generalizability of this finding to studies of one intervention, in one population is unknown . Author affiliation with industry (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI] and presentation type (oral OR=5.94 [1.94], poster OR=3.39 [1,9.25] and poster OR = 3.39 . We identified no predictors of time to publication .

We suggest cautious consideration of data from conference proceedings to inform new technology clinical or policy decisions. Future work needs to examine the generalizability of our results to other diseases and technologies.

no

### Human: On average, 45% of all conference abstracts subsequently appear as full publications . However, the generalizability of this finding to studies of one intervention, in one population is unknown . Author affiliation with industry (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI] and presentation type (oral OR=5.94 [1.94], poster OR=3.39 [1,9.25] and poster OR = 3.39 . We identified no predictors of time to publication . Do conference abstracts of a new oncology drug always lead to full publication : proceed with caution?### Assistant: We suggest cautious consideration of data from conference proceedings to inform new technology clinical or policy decisions. Future work needs to examine the generalizability of our results to other diseases and technologies.

We suggest cautious consideration of data from conference proceedings to inform new technology clinical or policy decisions . Future work needs to examine the generalizability

Is left atrial strain a powerful predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation : study of a heterogeneous population with sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation?

50 patients with sinus rhythm during echocardiography (Group NSR) and 50 with AF rhythm (Group AF) During follow-up, 26 of 100 patients (11 in Group NSR and 15 in Group AF) had AF recurrence . These patients had significantly longer AF duration, a lower LA global strain (LA-GS), lower LA lateral total strain (LAVImax) and larger maximum LA volume index (AVIImax), while basal LA-LS was a significant predictor in both groups .

LA myocardial function assessed by basal LA-LS could predict AF recurrence after CA. Notably, such an assessment could be applicable even during AF rhythm, suggesting its convenience in the clinical setting without defibrillation before analysis.

yes

### Human: 50 patients with sinus rhythm during echocardiography (Group NSR) and 50 with AF rhythm (Group AF) During follow-up, 26 of 100 patients (11 in Group NSR and 15 in Group AF) had AF recurrence . These patients had significantly longer AF duration, a lower LA global strain (LA-GS), lower LA lateral total strain (LAVImax) and larger maximum LA volume index (AVIImax), while basal LA-LS was a significant predictor in both groups . Is left atrial strain a powerful predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation : study of a heterogeneous population with sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation?### Assistant: LA myocardial function assessed by basal LA-LS could predict AF recurrence after CA. Notably, such an assessment could be applicable even during AF rhythm, suggesting its convenience in the clinical setting without defibrillation before analysis.

LA-LS could predict AF recurrence after CA . Such an assessment could be applicable even during AF rhythm .

Is cEA mRNA identification in peripheral blood feasible for colorectal , but not for gastric or pancreatic cancer staging?

The molecular identification of cancer cells in the circulation may be useful in predicting the presence of micrometastasis in several cancer types . The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of CEA mRNA identification in blood for diagnosing and staging colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer . No association was found between CEA RNA and stage in patients with GC or PC . In CRC patients, positive CEA findings were correlated with local spread (chi(2) = 14.6, p<0.01) and lymph node metastasis .

The molecular detection of micrometastasis in the blood by means of CEA mRNA identification is feasible for colorectal, but not for gastric or pancreatic cancer staging. Further studies are needed in order to define the clinical utility of this marker also in follow-up protocols.

yes

### Human: The molecular identification of cancer cells in the circulation may be useful in predicting the presence of micrometastasis in several cancer types . The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of CEA mRNA identification in blood for diagnosing and staging colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer . No association was found between CEA RNA and stage in patients with GC or PC . In CRC patients, positive CEA findings were correlated with local spread (chi(2) = 14.6, p<0.01) and lymph node metastasis . Is cEA mRNA identification in peripheral blood feasible for colorectal , but not for gastric or pancreatic cancer staging?### Assistant: The molecular detection of micrometastasis in the blood by means of CEA mRNA identification is feasible for colorectal, but not for gastric or pancreatic cancer staging. Further studies are needed in order to define the clinical utility of this marker also in follow-up protocols.

The molecular detection of micrometastasis in the blood by means of CEA mRNA identification is feasible for colorectal,

Does hyperbaric oxygen after global cerebral ischemia in rabbits reduce brain vascular permeability and blood flow?

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been advocated as a therapy to improve neurological recovery after ischemia . We examined the effect of HBO treatment on early brain injury on the effect on brain injury . HBO treatment reduced (P < .05) brain vascular permeability by 16% in gray matter and by 20% in white matter . Cerebral blood flow was lower in the HBO group (40.9 +/- 1.9 mL/min per 100 g, mean +/- SEM) compared with controls . Somatosensory evoked potential recovery was similar in the two groups .

HBO administered after global cerebral ischemia promoted blood-brain barrier integrity. HBO treatment also reduced cerebral blood flow; this effect was not associated with a reduction in evoked potential recovery. Since neurological outcome after global cerebral ischemia is generally poor and treatment options are limited, HBO should be further investigated as a potential therapy.

yes

### Human: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been advocated as a therapy to improve neurological recovery after ischemia . We examined the effect of HBO treatment on early brain injury on the effect on brain injury . HBO treatment reduced (P < .05) brain vascular permeability by 16% in gray matter and by 20% in white matter . Cerebral blood flow was lower in the HBO group (40.9 +/- 1.9 mL/min per 100 g, mean +/- SEM) compared with controls . Somatosensory evoked potential recovery was similar in the two groups . Does hyperbaric oxygen after global cerebral ischemia in rabbits reduce brain vascular permeability and blood flow?### Assistant: HBO administered after global cerebral ischemia promoted blood-brain barrier integrity. HBO treatment also reduced cerebral blood flow; this effect was not associated with a reduction in evoked potential recovery. Since neurological outcome after global cerebral ischemia is generally poor and treatment options are limited, HBO should be further investigated as a potential therapy.

Neurological outcome after global cerebral ischemia is generally poor and treatment options are limited . HBO should be further investigated as a potential therapy

Is triple assessment necessary in most young women referred with breast symptoms?

Breast cancer is rare in young women, and triple assessment (especially CB) is invasive and expensive . Our aim was to see whether CB/FNA could be avoided in women with benign findings on CE and imaging . Ultrasonography was performed in 692 patients (72%) and was normal (n=289) or benign in all except 21 patients, in whom it was indeterminate . No cancers were diagnosed. Ultrasonographic was normal and benign in six patients, and in six, both were indeterminates .

It would appear safe to omit FNA/CB in patients aged under 25 years when clinical and ultrasonography findings are normal or benign. This approach would have avoided needle biopsies in all but 30 patients (3%) in the study.

no

### Human: Breast cancer is rare in young women, and triple assessment (especially CB) is invasive and expensive . Our aim was to see whether CB/FNA could be avoided in women with benign findings on CE and imaging . Ultrasonography was performed in 692 patients (72%) and was normal (n=289) or benign in all except 21 patients, in whom it was indeterminate . No cancers were diagnosed. Ultrasonographic was normal and benign in six patients, and in six, both were indeterminates . Is triple assessment necessary in most young women referred with breast symptoms?### Assistant: It would appear safe to omit FNA/CB in patients aged under 25 years when clinical and ultrasonography findings are normal or benign. This approach would have avoided needle biopsies in all but 30 patients (3%) in the study.

It would appear safe to omit FNA/CB in patients aged under 25 years when clinical and ultrasonography findings are normal or benign

Do adverse intrauterine conditions diminish the fetal defense against acute hypoxia by increasing nitric oxide activity?

The incidence of perinatal morbidity arising from birth hypoxia or asphyxia has not changed significantly in recent years despite marked improvements in labor management . Perinatal mortality in these circumstances may reflect antenatal compromise and subsequent alteration of the fetal capacity to respond to episodes of hypoxa that may occur during labor . We show that previous fetal exposure to a period of adverse intrauterine conditions, such as that induced by compression of the umbilical cord, elevates nitric oxide activity .

The data imply that pre-exposure to adverse antenatal conditions may render the fetus more susceptible to the acute hypoxia or asphyxia that can accompany relatively uncomplicated labor and delivery.

yes

### Human: The incidence of perinatal morbidity arising from birth hypoxia or asphyxia has not changed significantly in recent years despite marked improvements in labor management . Perinatal mortality in these circumstances may reflect antenatal compromise and subsequent alteration of the fetal capacity to respond to episodes of hypoxa that may occur during labor . We show that previous fetal exposure to a period of adverse intrauterine conditions, such as that induced by compression of the umbilical cord, elevates nitric oxide activity . Do adverse intrauterine conditions diminish the fetal defense against acute hypoxia by increasing nitric oxide activity?### Assistant: The data imply that pre-exposure to adverse antenatal conditions may render the fetus more susceptible to the acute hypoxia or asphyxia that can accompany relatively uncomplicated labor and delivery.

Pre-exposure to adverse antenatal conditions may render the fetus more susceptible to the acute hypoxia or asphyxia that can

Does coronary artery blood flow visualization signify hemodynamic deterioration in growth-restricted fetuses?

48 IUGR fetuses with absent or reversed umbilical artery (UA) end-diastolic velocity (AREDV) examined longitudinally by echocardiography . Doppler evaluation of the middle cerebral artery, inferior vena cava (IVC), ductus venosus (DV) and UV) was performed at each examination . Outcome parameters analyzed included Apgar scores, cord arterial blood gases, perinatal mortality, respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and postpartum circulatory failure .

In IUGR, fetuses with AREDV and centralization are at high risk for hypoxemia, acidemia and adverse outcome. CBF visualization coincides with deteriorating venous flows. Operator dependence of CBF visualization and the strong association with abnormal venous flow stresses the importance of venous Doppler surveillance in these fetuses.

yes

### Human: 48 IUGR fetuses with absent or reversed umbilical artery (UA) end-diastolic velocity (AREDV) examined longitudinally by echocardiography . Doppler evaluation of the middle cerebral artery, inferior vena cava (IVC), ductus venosus (DV) and UV) was performed at each examination . Outcome parameters analyzed included Apgar scores, cord arterial blood gases, perinatal mortality, respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and postpartum circulatory failure . Does coronary artery blood flow visualization signify hemodynamic deterioration in growth-restricted fetuses?### Assistant: In IUGR, fetuses with AREDV and centralization are at high risk for hypoxemia, acidemia and adverse outcome. CBF visualization coincides with deteriorating venous flows. Operator dependence of CBF visualization and the strong association with abnormal venous flow stresses the importance of venous Doppler surveillance in these fetuses.

Fetuses with AREDV and centralization are at high risk for hypoxemia, acidemia and adverse outcome . CBF visualization

Does angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor restrain inflammation-induced vascular injury in mice?

The study was undertaken to investigate the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the mouse vascular injury model . Inflammation-induced vascular injury was created by placing a polyethylene cuff around the femoral artery of 12-14-week-old male FVB/N mice . The influence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, on the effects of perindopril was also examined . ACE mRNA expression increased in a time-dependent manner up to 2 weeks after cuff placement .

This study provides evidence that ACE plays a role in cuff-induced neointimal thickening in mice. Nitric oxide may contribute, at least in part, to the inhibitory effects of perindopril.

yes

### Human: The study was undertaken to investigate the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the mouse vascular injury model . Inflammation-induced vascular injury was created by placing a polyethylene cuff around the femoral artery of 12-14-week-old male FVB/N mice . The influence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, on the effects of perindopril was also examined . ACE mRNA expression increased in a time-dependent manner up to 2 weeks after cuff placement . Does angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor restrain inflammation-induced vascular injury in mice?### Assistant: This study provides evidence that ACE plays a role in cuff-induced neointimal thickening in mice. Nitric oxide may contribute, at least in part, to the inhibitory effects of perindopril.

Nitric oxide may contribute, at least in part, to the inhibitory effects of perindopril . ACE plays a role in

Are early post-operative glucose levels an independent risk factor for infection after peripheral vascular surgery . A retrospective study?

Hyperglycaemia in the first 48 h after infrainguinal vascular surgery is a risk factor for post-operative infection . When corrected for factors associated with insulin resistance and surgical stress, glucose levels were found to be an independent risk factor . The incidence of post-operative infections was 84/275 (31%) when corrected for . factors associated . insulin resistance, surgical stress and insulin resistance were corrected for those with surgical stress . Data were analysed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses .

Post-operative glucose levels appear to be an independent risk factor for infections after infrainguinal vascular surgery. This finding requires confirmation in a prospective study.

yes

### Human: Hyperglycaemia in the first 48 h after infrainguinal vascular surgery is a risk factor for post-operative infection . When corrected for factors associated with insulin resistance and surgical stress, glucose levels were found to be an independent risk factor . The incidence of post-operative infections was 84/275 (31%) when corrected for . factors associated . insulin resistance, surgical stress and insulin resistance were corrected for those with surgical stress . Data were analysed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses . Are early post-operative glucose levels an independent risk factor for infection after peripheral vascular surgery . A retrospective study?### Assistant: Post-operative glucose levels appear to be an independent risk factor for infections after infrainguinal vascular surgery. This finding requires confirmation in a prospective study.

Post-operative glucose levels appear to be independent risk factor for infections after infrainguinal vascular surgery . This finding requires confirmation in a

Does intrathecal lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM synthesis associate with retinal axonal loss in multiple sclerosis?

Autoantibodies may induce axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) We investigated whether the intrathecal synthesis of lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) associates with thinning of these structures in MS patients . RNFL thickness was further reduced in MS positive MS patients compared to MS negative MS subjects mainly in papillomacular bundle, temporal and inferior quadrants (p<0.05) and inferotemporal sector (p=0.01)

The presence of LS-OCMB associates with increased retinal axonal loss in MS. This reinforces the relationship found between the intrathecal synthesis of IgM and the axonal damage observed in immunological and pathological studies even in normal-appearing white matter. OCT seems an optimal tool to monitor axonal damage in LS-OCMB positive patients, relevant for therapeutic decisions and quantification of the effects of new neuroprotective treatments.

yes

### Human: Autoantibodies may induce axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) We investigated whether the intrathecal synthesis of lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) associates with thinning of these structures in MS patients . RNFL thickness was further reduced in MS positive MS patients compared to MS negative MS subjects mainly in papillomacular bundle, temporal and inferior quadrants (p<0.05) and inferotemporal sector (p=0.01) Does intrathecal lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM synthesis associate with retinal axonal loss in multiple sclerosis?### Assistant: The presence of LS-OCMB associates with increased retinal axonal loss in MS. This reinforces the relationship found between the intrathecal synthesis of IgM and the axonal damage observed in immunological and pathological studies even in normal-appearing white matter. OCT seems an optimal tool to monitor axonal damage in LS-OCMB positive patients, relevant for therapeutic decisions and quantification of the effects of new neuroprotective treatments.

LS-OCMB associates with increased retinal axonal loss in MS . This reinforces the relationship found between the intrathecal synthesis of

Does in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Celosia argentea leave?

The aqueous extract of Celosia argentea var. cristata L. leaves at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was investigated against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats . The in vitro antioxidant of the extract was evaluated using ammonium thiocyanate, reducing power, and membrane stabilizing models . The administration of Cd alone significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the rat liver and brain .

Overall, the results indicated that the aqueous extract of C. argentea leaves attenuated Cd-induced oxidative stress in the animals, with the best result at 400 mg/kg b.w. The antioxidant activity of the extract may be attributed to the phenolic and flavonoid components of the extract. The induction of antioxidant enzymes and scavenging of free radicals may account for the mechanism of action of the extract as an antioxidant.

yes

### Human: The aqueous extract of Celosia argentea var. cristata L. leaves at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was investigated against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats . The in vitro antioxidant of the extract was evaluated using ammonium thiocyanate, reducing power, and membrane stabilizing models . The administration of Cd alone significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the rat liver and brain . Does in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Celosia argentea leave?### Assistant: Overall, the results indicated that the aqueous extract of C. argentea leaves attenuated Cd-induced oxidative stress in the animals, with the best result at 400 mg/kg b.w. The antioxidant activity of the extract may be attributed to the phenolic and flavonoid components of the extract. The induction of antioxidant enzymes and scavenging of free radicals may account for the mechanism of action of the extract as an antioxidant.

The extract of C. argentea leaves attenuated Cd-induced oxidative stress in the animals, with the best result at 400

Do eggs modulate the inflammatory response to carbohydrate restricted diets in overweight men?

The study was a follow-up to a previous study showing that men following a CRD experienced significant increases in HDL-C only if they were consuming a higher intake of cholesterol provided by eggs . The study examined the effects of eggs (a source of both dietary cholesterol and lutein) on adiponectin, a marker of insulin sensitivity, and on inflammatory markers in the context of a diet . The findings were published in the journal Human Journal on Diabetes Care, Diabetes Care and Human Nutrition .

A CRD with daily intake of eggs decreased plasma CRP and increased plasma adiponectin compared to a CRD without eggs. These findings indicate that eggs make a significant contribution to the anti-inflammatory effects of CRD, possibly due to the presence of cholesterol, which increases HDL-C and to the antioxidant lutein which modulates certain inflammatory responses.

yes

### Human: The study was a follow-up to a previous study showing that men following a CRD experienced significant increases in HDL-C only if they were consuming a higher intake of cholesterol provided by eggs . The study examined the effects of eggs (a source of both dietary cholesterol and lutein) on adiponectin, a marker of insulin sensitivity, and on inflammatory markers in the context of a diet . The findings were published in the journal Human Journal on Diabetes Care, Diabetes Care and Human Nutrition . Do eggs modulate the inflammatory response to carbohydrate restricted diets in overweight men?### Assistant: A CRD with daily intake of eggs decreased plasma CRP and increased plasma adiponectin compared to a CRD without eggs. These findings indicate that eggs make a significant contribution to the anti-inflammatory effects of CRD, possibly due to the presence of cholesterol, which increases HDL-C and to the antioxidant lutein which modulates certain inflammatory responses.

A CRD with daily intake of eggs decreased plasma CRP and increased plasma adiponectin compared to a CRD without eggs .

Does diet shape the ability of human intestinal microbiota to degrade phytate -- in vitro studies?

Faecal samples of adults on conventional or vegetarian diets and breastfed infants were used as an inoculum for modified media supplemented with phytate . Populations of Gram-positive anaerobes (GPA), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Proteobacteria-Bacteroides (P-B), coliforms and anaerobics were studied . The degradation of phytic acid (PA) was determined with HPLC method in supernatants of cultures .

A diet rich in phytate increases the potential of intestinal microbiota to degrade phytate. The co-operation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria is essential for the complete phytate degradation.

yes

### Human: Faecal samples of adults on conventional or vegetarian diets and breastfed infants were used as an inoculum for modified media supplemented with phytate . Populations of Gram-positive anaerobes (GPA), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Proteobacteria-Bacteroides (P-B), coliforms and anaerobics were studied . The degradation of phytic acid (PA) was determined with HPLC method in supernatants of cultures . Does diet shape the ability of human intestinal microbiota to degrade phytate -- in vitro studies?### Assistant: A diet rich in phytate increases the potential of intestinal microbiota to degrade phytate. The co-operation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria is essential for the complete phytate degradation.

A diet rich in phytate increases the potential of intestinal microbiota to degrade phytates . The co-operation of aerobic and an

Does plasma Kallikrein mediate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Retinal Dysfunction and Thickening?

This study examines the role of plasma kallikrein in VEGF-induced retinal edema . Plasma kallkrein is a serine protease and circulating component of inflammation, which exerts clinically significant effects on vasogenic edema. Intravitreal injections of VEGf and saline vehicle were performed in plasma prekallkreein-deficient (KLKB1-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, and in both rats and mice receiving a selective plasma kalikreins inhibitor, VA999272 .

Vascular endothelial growth factor increases extravasation of plasma kallikrein into the retina, and plasma kallikrein is required for the full effects of VEGF on RVP and retinal thickening in rodents. Systemic plasma kallikrein inhibition may provide a therapeutic opportunity to treat VEGF-induced retina edema.

yes

### Human: This study examines the role of plasma kallikrein in VEGF-induced retinal edema . Plasma kallkrein is a serine protease and circulating component of inflammation, which exerts clinically significant effects on vasogenic edema. Intravitreal injections of VEGf and saline vehicle were performed in plasma prekallkreein-deficient (KLKB1-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, and in both rats and mice receiving a selective plasma kalikreins inhibitor, VA999272 . Does plasma Kallikrein mediate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Retinal Dysfunction and Thickening?### Assistant: Vascular endothelial growth factor increases extravasation of plasma kallikrein into the retina, and plasma kallikrein is required for the full effects of VEGF on RVP and retinal thickening in rodents. Systemic plasma kallikrein inhibition may provide a therapeutic opportunity to treat VEGF-induced retina edema.

Plasma kallikrein is required for the full effects of VEGF on RVP and retinal thickening in rodents .

Is smoking cessation associated with an increase in exhaled nitric oxide?

Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to be decreased in the exhaled air of cigarette smokers . We hypothesized that smoking cessation would result in an increase in exhaled NO . Compared with nonsmokers, smokers had decreased NO levels measured by all three methods (p<0.05, each comparison) Compared with non-smokers, NO levels were still lower than the normal nonsmoker mean oral NO (p=0.018), but were still higher than the mean oral level of NO .

These data demonstrate that smoking cessation is associated with an increase in exhaled NO.

yes

### Human: Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to be decreased in the exhaled air of cigarette smokers . We hypothesized that smoking cessation would result in an increase in exhaled NO . Compared with nonsmokers, smokers had decreased NO levels measured by all three methods (p<0.05, each comparison) Compared with non-smokers, NO levels were still lower than the normal nonsmoker mean oral NO (p=0.018), but were still higher than the mean oral level of NO . Is smoking cessation associated with an increase in exhaled nitric oxide?### Assistant: These data demonstrate that smoking cessation is associated with an increase in exhaled NO.

Smoking cessation is associated with an increase in exhaled NO . Smoking cessation was associated with increased NO .

Do clonal chromosome anomalies affecting FLI1 mimic inherited thrombocytopenia of the Paris-Trousseau type?

The Paris-Trousseau (TCPT) type is a contiguous gene syndrome characterized by mild bleeding tendency, variable thrombocytopenia (THC), abnormal giant alpha-granules in platelets and dysmegakaryopoiesis . It derives from a constitutional deletion of chromosome 11 leading to the loss of FLI1, a transcription factor involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation . Twenty years after the onset of THC, the other hematological parameters are still normal and the patient is well .

Although our patient presented with nearly all the characteristics of TCPT, her illness was acquired instead of being inherited and the most appropriate diagnosis is that of the unilineage dysplasia 'refractory THC.' This observation suggests that appropriate cytogenetic investigations should be always considered in patients with acquired THC of unknown origin.

yes

### Human: The Paris-Trousseau (TCPT) type is a contiguous gene syndrome characterized by mild bleeding tendency, variable thrombocytopenia (THC), abnormal giant alpha-granules in platelets and dysmegakaryopoiesis . It derives from a constitutional deletion of chromosome 11 leading to the loss of FLI1, a transcription factor involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation . Twenty years after the onset of THC, the other hematological parameters are still normal and the patient is well . Do clonal chromosome anomalies affecting FLI1 mimic inherited thrombocytopenia of the Paris-Trousseau type?### Assistant: Although our patient presented with nearly all the characteristics of TCPT, her illness was acquired instead of being inherited and the most appropriate diagnosis is that of the unilineage dysplasia 'refractory THC.' This observation suggests that appropriate cytogenetic investigations should be always considered in patients with acquired THC of unknown origin.

The most appropriate diagnosis is that of the unilineage dysplasia 'refractory THC'

Is flt-1 in colorectal cancer cells required for the tumor invasive effect of placental growth factor through a p38-MMP9 pathway?

Placenta growth factor (PlGF) binds to VEGF receptor-1 (Flt-1), but not to VegF receptor 2 (Flk-1) and may function by modulating VEGf activity . Overexpression of PlGF increased the invasive/migration ability and decreased apoptosis in CRC cells showing Flt-1 expression . Increased migration was associated with increasing MMP9 via p38 MAPK activation . Tumors grew faster, larger; with higher vascularity from PlGF over-expression cells in xenograft assay .

PlGF/Flt-1 signaling plays an important role in CRC progression, blocking PlGF/Flt-1 signaling maybe an alternative therapy for CRC.

yes

### Human: Placenta growth factor (PlGF) binds to VEGF receptor-1 (Flt-1), but not to VegF receptor 2 (Flk-1) and may function by modulating VEGf activity . Overexpression of PlGF increased the invasive/migration ability and decreased apoptosis in CRC cells showing Flt-1 expression . Increased migration was associated with increasing MMP9 via p38 MAPK activation . Tumors grew faster, larger; with higher vascularity from PlGF over-expression cells in xenograft assay . Is flt-1 in colorectal cancer cells required for the tumor invasive effect of placental growth factor through a p38-MMP9 pathway?### Assistant: PlGF/Flt-1 signaling plays an important role in CRC progression, blocking PlGF/Flt-1 signaling maybe an alternative therapy for CRC.

PlGF/Flt-1 signaling plays an important role in CRC progression . Blocking PlGF-Fl-1 may be

Are diagnosis and disposition changed when board-certified emergency physicians use CT for non-traumatic abdominal pain?

Study looked at patients with non-traumatic abdominal pain who underwent an abdominal CT from 3/2011 through 8/2011 . 298 (54%) subjects had a change in diagnosis . Non-specific abdominal pain was the most common, followed by renal colic, appendicitis, diverticulitis, small bowel obstruction, and gynecologic process . The most common disposition plan was "admit for observation," which was reported in 262 patients and remained in only 122 post CT (47%) subjects .

Abdominal CT use by board certified EPs for nontraumatic abdominal pain changed diagnosis and disposition, with more sent home in lieu of admission. Diagnostic accuracy did not appear to be related to years of clinical experience.

yes

### Human: Study looked at patients with non-traumatic abdominal pain who underwent an abdominal CT from 3/2011 through 8/2011 . 298 (54%) subjects had a change in diagnosis . Non-specific abdominal pain was the most common, followed by renal colic, appendicitis, diverticulitis, small bowel obstruction, and gynecologic process . The most common disposition plan was "admit for observation," which was reported in 262 patients and remained in only 122 post CT (47%) subjects . Are diagnosis and disposition changed when board-certified emergency physicians use CT for non-traumatic abdominal pain?### Assistant: Abdominal CT use by board certified EPs for nontraumatic abdominal pain changed diagnosis and disposition, with more sent home in lieu of admission. Diagnostic accuracy did not appear to be related to years of clinical experience.

Board certified EPs sent home in lieu of admission for nontraumatic abdominal pain . Diagnostic accuracy did not appear to be related to

Is thiazolidinedione use associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes : a study in 28,332 high risk patients with diabetes in routine clinical practice : brief title : thiazolidinedione use and mortality?

Thiazolidinedinediones (TZD) are insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drugs commonly used in type 2 diabetes . We examined 2-year mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and congestive heart failure rates among outpatients with high cardiovascular risk and diabetes according to TZD use in the REACH Registry . The lack of association with mortality was consistent across subgroups regardless of history of atherothrombosis or CHF .

Use of TZD was not associated with increased incidence of major cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes from this large registry. Older patients experienced an increased risk of CHF over the study interval. Limitations of this study include its observational design, and thus unmeasured confounders cannot be excluded.

no

### Human: Thiazolidinedinediones (TZD) are insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drugs commonly used in type 2 diabetes . We examined 2-year mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and congestive heart failure rates among outpatients with high cardiovascular risk and diabetes according to TZD use in the REACH Registry . The lack of association with mortality was consistent across subgroups regardless of history of atherothrombosis or CHF . Is thiazolidinedione use associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes : a study in 28,332 high risk patients with diabetes in routine clinical practice : brief title : thiazolidinedione use and mortality?### Assistant: Use of TZD was not associated with increased incidence of major cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes from this large registry. Older patients experienced an increased risk of CHF over the study interval. Limitations of this study include its observational design, and thus unmeasured confounders cannot be excluded.

Older patients experienced an increased risk of CHF over the study interval . Limitations of this study include its observational design, and thus un

Does echocardiographic destruction of albumin microbubbles direct gene delivery to the myocardium?

Albumin-coated microbubbles could be used to deliver an adenoviral transgene to rat myocardium by ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction . Rats were killed after 4 days and examined for beta-galactosidase expression . By quantitative analysis, beta-Galactosidoase activity was 10-fold higher in the treated group than in controls . None of the control animals showed myocardial expression of the beta-gelactosida transgenes .

Ultrasound-mediated destruction of albumin-coated microbubbles is a promising method for the delivery of bioactive agents to the heart.

yes

### Human: Albumin-coated microbubbles could be used to deliver an adenoviral transgene to rat myocardium by ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction . Rats were killed after 4 days and examined for beta-galactosidase expression . By quantitative analysis, beta-Galactosidoase activity was 10-fold higher in the treated group than in controls . None of the control animals showed myocardial expression of the beta-gelactosida transgenes . Does echocardiographic destruction of albumin microbubbles direct gene delivery to the myocardium?### Assistant: Ultrasound-mediated destruction of albumin-coated microbubbles is a promising method for the delivery of bioactive agents to the heart.

Ultrasound-mediated destruction of albumin-coated microbubbles is a promising method for delivery of bioactive agents to the

Are a diverse group of previously unrecognized human rhinoviruses common causes of respiratory illnesses in infants?

Human rhinoviruses are the most prevalent human pathogens, and consist of 101 serotypes . 54 (52.4%) HRVs did not match any of the known serotypes and had 12-35% nucleotide divergence from the nearest reference HRVs . Of these novel viruses, 9 strains (17 HRVs) segregated from HRVA, HRVB and human enterovirus into a distinct genetic group ("C") None of these new strains could be cultured in traditional cell lines .

By molecular analysis, over 50% of HRV detected in sick infants were previously unrecognized strains, including 9 strains that may represent a new HRV group. These findings indicate that the number of HRV strains is considerably larger than the 101 serotypes identified with traditional diagnostic techniques, and provide evidence of a new HRV group.

yes

### Human: Human rhinoviruses are the most prevalent human pathogens, and consist of 101 serotypes . 54 (52.4%) HRVs did not match any of the known serotypes and had 12-35% nucleotide divergence from the nearest reference HRVs . Of these novel viruses, 9 strains (17 HRVs) segregated from HRVA, HRVB and human enterovirus into a distinct genetic group ("C") None of these new strains could be cultured in traditional cell lines . Are a diverse group of previously unrecognized human rhinoviruses common causes of respiratory illnesses in infants?### Assistant: By molecular analysis, over 50% of HRV detected in sick infants were previously unrecognized strains, including 9 strains that may represent a new HRV group. These findings indicate that the number of HRV strains is considerably larger than the 101 serotypes identified with traditional diagnostic techniques, and provide evidence of a new HRV group.

50% of HRV detected in sick infants were previously unrecognized strains, including 9 strains that may represent a new HRV group .

Is the IL1A ( -889 ) gene polymorphism associated with chronic periodontal disease in a sample of Brazilian individuals?

The C/T polymorphism at position -889 of the IL1A gene influences interleukin-1alpha expression, with the T allele inducing higher expression . A significant difference in the genotype distribution was observed when comparing the chronic periodontitis group with the control group, evaluating only nonsmokers . With regard to severity of disease, no statistical difference was observed in Brazilian individuals with different clinical forms of periodontiti and severity of the disease . No statistical difference in genotype .

These data show an association of the IL1A (-889) polymorphism with chronic periodontitis in Brazilian individuals.

yes

### Human: The C/T polymorphism at position -889 of the IL1A gene influences interleukin-1alpha expression, with the T allele inducing higher expression . A significant difference in the genotype distribution was observed when comparing the chronic periodontitis group with the control group, evaluating only nonsmokers . With regard to severity of disease, no statistical difference was observed in Brazilian individuals with different clinical forms of periodontiti and severity of the disease . No statistical difference in genotype . Is the IL1A ( -889 ) gene polymorphism associated with chronic periodontal disease in a sample of Brazilian individuals?### Assistant: These data show an association of the IL1A (-889) polymorphism with chronic periodontitis in Brazilian individuals.

IL1A (-889) polymorphism is associated with chronic periodontitis in Brazilian individuals .

Does iL-16 inhibit IL-5 production by antigen-stimulated T cells in atopic subjects?

Little is known about the significance of IL-16 in allergic inflammation and its role in allergen-driven T-cell cytokine responses . We hypothesized that IL-17 released at sites of inflammation may modulate the pattern of cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells . We investigated the effects of exogenous rhIL-16 on cytokine production of PBMCs from atopic and nonatopic subjects in response to antigen and PHA . The addition of rhil-16 significantly increased IFN-gamma levels in PBMC cultures .

These studies suggest that IL-16 can play a role in regulating the production of cytokines seen in allergic states in response to antigen.

yes

### Human: Little is known about the significance of IL-16 in allergic inflammation and its role in allergen-driven T-cell cytokine responses . We hypothesized that IL-17 released at sites of inflammation may modulate the pattern of cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells . We investigated the effects of exogenous rhIL-16 on cytokine production of PBMCs from atopic and nonatopic subjects in response to antigen and PHA . The addition of rhil-16 significantly increased IFN-gamma levels in PBMC cultures . Does iL-16 inhibit IL-5 production by antigen-stimulated T cells in atopic subjects?### Assistant: These studies suggest that IL-16 can play a role in regulating the production of cytokines seen in allergic states in response to antigen.

IL-16 can play a role in regulating the production of cytokines seen in allergic states in response to antigen . These studies suggest that

Does retigabine stimulate human KCNQ2/Q3 channels in the presence of bupivacaine?

The anticonvulsant retigabine activates KCNQ2/Q3 channels and may reverse inhibitory actions of bupivacaine . Potassium channel stimulation may constitute a novel approach to treat local anesthetic-induced seizures . The inhibitory effect did not differ between bupvacaine and levobupivacine (42 +/- 4%, n = 7) versus 42 +/- 5%, n. = 10; P > 0.05). Ropivacane was four times less potent than bupavivacain .

The anticonvulsant retigabine at nanomolar concentrations reverses the inhibitory effect of micromolar concentrations of bupivacaine. Our results allow the hypothesis that activation of KCNQ2/Q3 channels by retigabine may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of bupivacaine-induced seizures.

yes

### Human: The anticonvulsant retigabine activates KCNQ2/Q3 channels and may reverse inhibitory actions of bupivacaine . Potassium channel stimulation may constitute a novel approach to treat local anesthetic-induced seizures . The inhibitory effect did not differ between bupvacaine and levobupivacine (42 +/- 4%, n = 7) versus 42 +/- 5%, n. = 10; P > 0.05). Ropivacane was four times less potent than bupavivacain . Does retigabine stimulate human KCNQ2/Q3 channels in the presence of bupivacaine?### Assistant: The anticonvulsant retigabine at nanomolar concentrations reverses the inhibitory effect of micromolar concentrations of bupivacaine. Our results allow the hypothesis that activation of KCNQ2/Q3 channels by retigabine may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of bupivacaine-induced seizures.

The anticonvulsant retigabine at nanomolar concentrations reverses the inhibitory effect of micromolar concentrations of

Do serotonin receptors represent highly favorable molecular targets for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia and other disorders?

This review provides evidence for and against the use of selective 5-HT receptor drugs as cognition enhancing agents for schizophrenia and other disorders . Pre-clinical and clinical literature concerned with the role of the serotonergic system in cognition and memory as it relates to schizophrenia is reviewed . Recommendations for clinical testing are proposed . Recommendation for clinical tests are proposed for the drug to improve cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and others disorders is discussed . The review provides a review of the evidence for the use and effectiveness of selective drugs to improve cognition in schizophrenia .

Four 5-HT receptor systems (5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(4), 5-HT(6)) are highlighted as suitable targets for enhancing cognition and memory. Because many clinically available antipsychotic drugs already target 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(6) receptors, design of clinical trials will need to take into account the serotonergic pharmacology of concurrently administered antipsychotic medications. 5-HT(1A) partial agonists and 5-HT(2A) antagonists have shown modest effectiveness in improving cognition in schizophrenia. 5-HT(6)-selective compounds for cognition enhancement are in late-stage clinical trials, while 5-HT(4) compounds have not yet been tested in humans for cognition enhancement.

yes

### Human: This review provides evidence for and against the use of selective 5-HT receptor drugs as cognition enhancing agents for schizophrenia and other disorders . Pre-clinical and clinical literature concerned with the role of the serotonergic system in cognition and memory as it relates to schizophrenia is reviewed . Recommendations for clinical testing are proposed . Recommendation for clinical tests are proposed for the drug to improve cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and others disorders is discussed . The review provides a review of the evidence for the use and effectiveness of selective drugs to improve cognition in schizophrenia . Do serotonin receptors represent highly favorable molecular targets for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia and other disorders?### Assistant: Four 5-HT receptor systems (5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(4), 5-HT(6)) are highlighted as suitable targets for enhancing cognition and memory. Because many clinically available antipsychotic drugs already target 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(6) receptors, design of clinical trials will need to take into account the serotonergic pharmacology of concurrently administered antipsychotic medications. 5-HT(1A) partial agonists and 5-HT(2A) antagonists have shown modest effectiveness in improving cognition in schizophrenia. 5-HT(6)-selective compounds for cognition enhancement are in late-stage clinical trials, while 5-HT(4) compounds have not yet been tested in humans for cognition enhancement.

4 5-HT receptor systems (5-HT(1A), 5-H(2A, 5-HC(4),

Is intact neural activity during a Go/No-go task associated with high global functioning in schizophrenia?

Participants consisted of 21 patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls . N2 amplitudes were reduced in patients with schizophrenics, but not P3 amplitudes . P3 ERP amplitudes influenced by the Go/No-go conditions were not reduced in schizophrenia patients . Global functioning was correlated with the No-go P3 P3 Amplitudes, but with the N2 Amplitudes in schizophrenia, in those patients . The study is the first of its kind to find a link between ERP indices and global functioning scores .

These results indicate that global functioning is associated with intact neural activity rather than impaired neural activity during Go/No-go response inhibition tasks in patients with schizophrenia.

yes

### Human: Participants consisted of 21 patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls . N2 amplitudes were reduced in patients with schizophrenics, but not P3 amplitudes . P3 ERP amplitudes influenced by the Go/No-go conditions were not reduced in schizophrenia patients . Global functioning was correlated with the No-go P3 P3 Amplitudes, but with the N2 Amplitudes in schizophrenia, in those patients . The study is the first of its kind to find a link between ERP indices and global functioning scores . Is intact neural activity during a Go/No-go task associated with high global functioning in schizophrenia?### Assistant: These results indicate that global functioning is associated with intact neural activity rather than impaired neural activity during Go/No-go response inhibition tasks in patients with schizophrenia.

Global functioning is associated with intact neural activity rather than impaired neural activity during Go/No-go response inhibition tasks in patients with schizophrenia .

Is systolic blood pressure below 110 mm Hg associated with increased mortality in blunt major trauma patients : multicentre cohort study?

Non-invasive systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement is often used in triaging trauma patients . Traditionally, SBP < 90 mm Hg has represented the threshold for hypotension, but recent studies have suggested redefining hypotension as SBP > 110 mm . This study aims to examine the association of SBP with mortality in blunt trauma patients in the Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) between 2000 and 2009 . Mortality rates doubled at < 100mm Hg, tripled at < 90mm HGs and were 5- to 6-fold at < 70mm HG, irrespective of age .

We recommend triaging adult blunt trauma patients with a SBP< 110 mm Hg to resuscitation areas within dedicated trauma units for close monitoring and appropriate management.

yes

### Human: Non-invasive systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement is often used in triaging trauma patients . Traditionally, SBP < 90 mm Hg has represented the threshold for hypotension, but recent studies have suggested redefining hypotension as SBP > 110 mm . This study aims to examine the association of SBP with mortality in blunt trauma patients in the Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) between 2000 and 2009 . Mortality rates doubled at < 100mm Hg, tripled at < 90mm HGs and were 5- to 6-fold at < 70mm HG, irrespective of age . Is systolic blood pressure below 110 mm Hg associated with increased mortality in blunt major trauma patients : multicentre cohort study?### Assistant: We recommend triaging adult blunt trauma patients with a SBP< 110 mm Hg to resuscitation areas within dedicated trauma units for close monitoring and appropriate management.

We recommend triaging adult blunt trauma patients with a SBP < 110 mm Hg to resuscitation areas within dedicated trauma units .

Is gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist use associated with increased pregnancy rates in ovulation induction-intrauterine insemination to in vitro fertilization conversions , independent of age and estradiol level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration?

For patients given treatment with a GnRH antagonist, the odds ratio for achieving pregnancy was 2.13 (95% confidence interval = 1.03-4.39) compared with untreated patients . Patients given antagonist had 1.6 more follicles and 2.1 more oocytes retrieved . The fertilization rate was 9.7% higher. Patients who were given antagonist received 1.9 more mature oocytes, 1 .9 . mature oocyte, and 2 .3 more fertilized oocytes .

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist use in ovulation induction-IUI to IVF conversions was associated with increased pregnancy rates and improved intermediate cycle parameters, controlled for age and E(2) levels on day of hCG. Addition of a GnRH antagonist should be considered in ovulation induction-IUI to IVF conversions.

yes

### Human: For patients given treatment with a GnRH antagonist, the odds ratio for achieving pregnancy was 2.13 (95% confidence interval = 1.03-4.39) compared with untreated patients . Patients given antagonist had 1.6 more follicles and 2.1 more oocytes retrieved . The fertilization rate was 9.7% higher. Patients who were given antagonist received 1.9 more mature oocytes, 1 .9 . mature oocyte, and 2 .3 more fertilized oocytes . Is gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist use associated with increased pregnancy rates in ovulation induction-intrauterine insemination to in vitro fertilization conversions , independent of age and estradiol level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration?### Assistant: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist use in ovulation induction-IUI to IVF conversions was associated with increased pregnancy rates and improved intermediate cycle parameters, controlled for age and E(2) levels on day of hCG. Addition of a GnRH antagonist should be considered in ovulation induction-IUI to IVF conversions.

GnRH antagonist use in ovulation induction-IUI to IVF conversions was associated with increased pregnancy rates .

Does leptin predict a worsening of the features of the metabolic syndrome independently of obesity?

Obesity increases the risk of MS, but as obesity is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause the syndrome, there is considerable interest in identifying obesity-independent pathways . One such pathway may involve the actions of the adipokine leptin, which is associated cross-sectionally with MS and prospectively with coronary heart disease and stroke . Leptin levels significantly predicted the development of the MS (p = 0.036), independently of baseline BMI, and did not independently predict a change in lipids or blood pressure .

Leptin predicts the development of the MS independently of baseline obesity. This association is specifically related to the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The extent to which these relationships are explained through residual confounding by obesity remains to be determined.

yes

### Human: Obesity increases the risk of MS, but as obesity is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause the syndrome, there is considerable interest in identifying obesity-independent pathways . One such pathway may involve the actions of the adipokine leptin, which is associated cross-sectionally with MS and prospectively with coronary heart disease and stroke . Leptin levels significantly predicted the development of the MS (p = 0.036), independently of baseline BMI, and did not independently predict a change in lipids or blood pressure . Does leptin predict a worsening of the features of the metabolic syndrome independently of obesity?### Assistant: Leptin predicts the development of the MS independently of baseline obesity. This association is specifically related to the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The extent to which these relationships are explained through residual confounding by obesity remains to be determined.

Leptin predicts the development of the MS independently of baseline obesity . This association is specifically related to development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance .

Is reduced platelet aggregation after fluvastatin therapy associated with altered platelet lipid composition and drug binding to the platelets?

The direct effect of fluvastatin on platelets was compared with that of other statins . Lovastatin, the lipophilic drug was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation whereas pravastatin had no such effect . Incubation of platelets with increasing . concentrations of flu vastatin or lovastatin demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in platelet . aggregation, whereas pastatin showed no effect . Fluvastatin and lovastin seem to share similar platelet binding sites, as non labelled fluvastsatin or .luvastin were able to displace [3H].labeled-fluvastat from its binding sites on platelet

Fluvastatin therapy reduces platelet aggregation via a dual effect which involves its in vivo hypocholesterolaemic action on platelet cholesterol content, and also a direct effect of the drug binding to the platelets. The antiatherogenicity of fluvastatin may be related, in addition to its plasma cholesterol lowering ability, to its inhibitory effect on platelet activation.

yes

### Human: The direct effect of fluvastatin on platelets was compared with that of other statins . Lovastatin, the lipophilic drug was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation whereas pravastatin had no such effect . Incubation of platelets with increasing . concentrations of flu vastatin or lovastatin demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in platelet . aggregation, whereas pastatin showed no effect . Fluvastatin and lovastin seem to share similar platelet binding sites, as non labelled fluvastsatin or .luvastin were able to displace [3H].labeled-fluvastat from its binding sites on platelet Is reduced platelet aggregation after fluvastatin therapy associated with altered platelet lipid composition and drug binding to the platelets?### Assistant: Fluvastatin therapy reduces platelet aggregation via a dual effect which involves its in vivo hypocholesterolaemic action on platelet cholesterol content, and also a direct effect of the drug binding to the platelets. The antiatherogenicity of fluvastatin may be related, in addition to its plasma cholesterol lowering ability, to its inhibitory effect on platelet activation.

Fluvastatin therapy reduces platelet aggregation via its in vivo hypocholesterolaemic action on platelet cholesterol content and also a

Do vascular smooth muscle cell heme oxygenases generate guanylyl cyclase-stimulatory carbon monoxide?

CO stimulates soluble guanylyl cyclase and thereby raises intracellular levels of cGMP . We examined the capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to produce CO from heme through activity of heme oxygenases . Treatment of SMCs with hemin and sodium arsenite stimulated RASMCs without stimulating nitrite release or inducible NO synthase expression . Zinc protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of HO, reversed the inducers of HO-1, reversed inducers .

These results indicate that vascular SMCs have both constitutive and inducible HO activity, and they respond to specific stimuli to generate guanylyl cyclase-stimulatory CO in the same SMCs and in coincubated platelets.

yes

### Human: CO stimulates soluble guanylyl cyclase and thereby raises intracellular levels of cGMP . We examined the capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to produce CO from heme through activity of heme oxygenases . Treatment of SMCs with hemin and sodium arsenite stimulated RASMCs without stimulating nitrite release or inducible NO synthase expression . Zinc protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of HO, reversed the inducers of HO-1, reversed inducers . Do vascular smooth muscle cell heme oxygenases generate guanylyl cyclase-stimulatory carbon monoxide?### Assistant: These results indicate that vascular SMCs have both constitutive and inducible HO activity, and they respond to specific stimuli to generate guanylyl cyclase-stimulatory CO in the same SMCs and in coincubated platelets.

These results indicate that vascular SMCs have both constitutive and inducible HO activity . They respond to specific stimuli to generate guany

Does myocardial infarction further impair renal damage in 5/6 nephrectomized rats?

Myocardial infarction (MI) enhanced mild renal function decline in rats after unilateral nephrectomy (NX) The effects of an MI on pre-existing severe renal function loss and the effects of RAAS intervention interrupting this hypothesized cardiorenal interaction are however unknown and clinically even more relevant . An MI did not significantly induce more proteinuria (303 +/- 46 versus 265 +/- 24 mg/24 h) and glomerulosclerosis (40 +/- 11 versus 28 +/- 4 arbitrary units) in 5/6NX+MI .

MI does not further deteriorate structural renal damage induced by 5/6NX compared with 5/6NX alone. Furthermore, renal haemodynamic impairment occurs after MI, which can be improved applying ACEi therapy. Therefore, we conclude that treatment with ACEi should be optimized in patients with chronic kidney disease after MI to improve renal function.

no

### Human: Myocardial infarction (MI) enhanced mild renal function decline in rats after unilateral nephrectomy (NX) The effects of an MI on pre-existing severe renal function loss and the effects of RAAS intervention interrupting this hypothesized cardiorenal interaction are however unknown and clinically even more relevant . An MI did not significantly induce more proteinuria (303 +/- 46 versus 265 +/- 24 mg/24 h) and glomerulosclerosis (40 +/- 11 versus 28 +/- 4 arbitrary units) in 5/6NX+MI . Does myocardial infarction further impair renal damage in 5/6 nephrectomized rats?### Assistant: MI does not further deteriorate structural renal damage induced by 5/6NX compared with 5/6NX alone. Furthermore, renal haemodynamic impairment occurs after MI, which can be improved applying ACEi therapy. Therefore, we conclude that treatment with ACEi should be optimized in patients with chronic kidney disease after MI to improve renal function.

MI does not further deteriorate structural renal damage induced by 5/6NX compared with 5/7NX alone . Furthermore,

Does distribution of toenail dystrophy predict histologic diagnosis of onychomycosis?

Onychomycosis (OM) affects up to 10% of the general population and is associated with functional impairment . Clinically, OM can mimic nail psoriasis, trauma, lichen planus, oncyhogryphosis, and other disorders . Clinical clues to OM would help guide laboratory testing and decrease improper empiric antifungal therapy . The goal of this study was to determine whether particular distribution patterns of toenail dystrophy are associated with fungal infection of the nail .

Potassium hydroxide and culture results were not available to correlate with histology. PAS staining of nail clippings has inherent diagnostic limitations.

yes

### Human: Onychomycosis (OM) affects up to 10% of the general population and is associated with functional impairment . Clinically, OM can mimic nail psoriasis, trauma, lichen planus, oncyhogryphosis, and other disorders . Clinical clues to OM would help guide laboratory testing and decrease improper empiric antifungal therapy . The goal of this study was to determine whether particular distribution patterns of toenail dystrophy are associated with fungal infection of the nail . Does distribution of toenail dystrophy predict histologic diagnosis of onychomycosis?### Assistant: Potassium hydroxide and culture results were not available to correlate with histology. PAS staining of nail clippings has inherent diagnostic limitations.

Potassium hydroxide and culture results were not available to correlate with histology . PAS staining of nail clippings has

Are hPV16 CpG methyl-haplotypes associated with cervix precancer and cancer in the Guanacaste natural history study?

HPV16 CpG methylation and methyl-haplotypes and their association with cervix precancer and cancer were evaluated using massively parallel single molecule next-generation sequencing (NGS) A nested case-control study of HPV16 positive women was performed in a prospective cohort from Guanacaste, Costa Rica designed to study the natural history of HPV and cervical neoplasia . The most significant Cp G site, L2 4277, determined by bisulfite NGS had an AUC=78.62% .

This study demonstrates that NGS of bisulfite treated HPV DNA is a useful and efficient technique to survey methylation patterns in HPV16. This procedure provides quantitative information on both individual CpG sites and methyl-haplotypes that identify women with elevated present or subsequent risk for HPV16 CIN3 and cancer.

yes

### Human: HPV16 CpG methylation and methyl-haplotypes and their association with cervix precancer and cancer were evaluated using massively parallel single molecule next-generation sequencing (NGS) A nested case-control study of HPV16 positive women was performed in a prospective cohort from Guanacaste, Costa Rica designed to study the natural history of HPV and cervical neoplasia . The most significant Cp G site, L2 4277, determined by bisulfite NGS had an AUC=78.62% . Are hPV16 CpG methyl-haplotypes associated with cervix precancer and cancer in the Guanacaste natural history study?### Assistant: This study demonstrates that NGS of bisulfite treated HPV DNA is a useful and efficient technique to survey methylation patterns in HPV16. This procedure provides quantitative information on both individual CpG sites and methyl-haplotypes that identify women with elevated present or subsequent risk for HPV16 CIN3 and cancer.

This study demonstrates that NGS of bisulfite treated HPV DNA is a useful and efficient technique to survey methylation patterns in HPV16

Does antagonist of interferon-inducible protein 10/CXCL10 ameliorate the progression of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice?

Mononuclear cell infiltration of the salivary glands is a major feature of Sjögren's syndrome . Local generation of chemokines and presence of receptors on the infiltrating cells may be involved in this process . We undertook the study to investigate the expression of chemkines during the development of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice . IP-10 analogs truncated by 5 or more amino acid residues failed to induce chemotaxis and calcium influx by CXCR3-expressing cells .

We prepared a novel potent IP-10 antagonist and demonstrated its ability to ameliorate the progression of autoimmune sialadenitis. This agent may provide a new therapeutic approach to SS.

yes

### Human: Mononuclear cell infiltration of the salivary glands is a major feature of Sjögren's syndrome . Local generation of chemokines and presence of receptors on the infiltrating cells may be involved in this process . We undertook the study to investigate the expression of chemkines during the development of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice . IP-10 analogs truncated by 5 or more amino acid residues failed to induce chemotaxis and calcium influx by CXCR3-expressing cells . Does antagonist of interferon-inducible protein 10/CXCL10 ameliorate the progression of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice?### Assistant: We prepared a novel potent IP-10 antagonist and demonstrated its ability to ameliorate the progression of autoimmune sialadenitis. This agent may provide a new therapeutic approach to SS.

We prepared a novel potent potent IP-10 antagonist and demonstrated its ability to ameliorate the progression of autoimmune sialadenitis

Is sinomenine , a natural dextrorotatory morphinan analog , anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of microglial NADPH oxidase?

The mechanisms involved in the induction and regulation of inflammation resulting in dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex and incompletely understood . SN showed equivalent efficacy in protecting against DA neuron death in rat midbrain neuron-glial cultures at both micro- and sub-picomolar concentrations . SN significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, prostaglandin E2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by microglia . SN reduced LPS-induced extracellular ROS production through the inhibition of the PHOX cytosolic subunit p47phoxtranslocation to the cell membrane .

Our findings strongly suggest that the protective effects of SN are most likely mediated through the inhibition of microglial PHOX activity. These findings suggest a novel therapy to treat inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.

yes

### Human: The mechanisms involved in the induction and regulation of inflammation resulting in dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex and incompletely understood . SN showed equivalent efficacy in protecting against DA neuron death in rat midbrain neuron-glial cultures at both micro- and sub-picomolar concentrations . SN significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, prostaglandin E2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by microglia . SN reduced LPS-induced extracellular ROS production through the inhibition of the PHOX cytosolic subunit p47phoxtranslocation to the cell membrane . Is sinomenine , a natural dextrorotatory morphinan analog , anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of microglial NADPH oxidase?### Assistant: Our findings strongly suggest that the protective effects of SN are most likely mediated through the inhibition of microglial PHOX activity. These findings suggest a novel therapy to treat inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.

The protective effects of SN are most likely mediated through the inhibition of microglial PHOX activity . These findings suggest a novel therapy to

Does suppression of aldosterone mediate regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension?

The Aliskiren in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (ALLAY) trial randomised 465 hypertensive overweight subjects with LVH to the direct reninin inhibitor aliskiren 300 mg, losartan 100 mg or the combination . Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LV wall thickness (LVWT) were assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance . Plasma aldosterone concentration (ALDO) was modestly related to systolic blood pressure, LVMI, and wall thickness .

In hypertensive patients with increased LVWT, aliskiren alone or in combination with the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan provides greater reduction in aldosterone compared to losartan alone. Moreover, suppression of aldosterone was associated with reduction of LVH, independently of the change in SBP, suggesting that suppression of aldosterone, a known mediator of LVH, may be particularly important for LVH regression and as a target for therapy.

yes

### Human: The Aliskiren in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (ALLAY) trial randomised 465 hypertensive overweight subjects with LVH to the direct reninin inhibitor aliskiren 300 mg, losartan 100 mg or the combination . Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LV wall thickness (LVWT) were assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance . Plasma aldosterone concentration (ALDO) was modestly related to systolic blood pressure, LVMI, and wall thickness . Does suppression of aldosterone mediate regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension?### Assistant: In hypertensive patients with increased LVWT, aliskiren alone or in combination with the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan provides greater reduction in aldosterone compared to losartan alone. Moreover, suppression of aldosterone was associated with reduction of LVH, independently of the change in SBP, suggesting that suppression of aldosterone, a known mediator of LVH, may be particularly important for LVH regression and as a target for therapy.

Aliskiren alone or in combination with the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan provides greater reduction in aldosterone compared to

Do vEGF levels in asthmatic airways correlate with plasma extravasation?

VEGF may be relevant to the pathophysiology of asthma in which oedema is an important feature . VEGf was inversely correlated with asthma severity in non-steroid treated asthmatics (tau = - 0.52, P = .009, Kendall test). VEGG and albumin markers correlated in control subjects and in chronic bronchitics . The study was conducted in the BAL fluids of 27 chronic stable asthmetics, nine untreated chronic bronchingitis patients and 15 control subjects .

Thus, the potential role of VEGF in asthma requires further studies on bronchial biopsies and induced sputum.

no

### Human: VEGF may be relevant to the pathophysiology of asthma in which oedema is an important feature . VEGf was inversely correlated with asthma severity in non-steroid treated asthmatics (tau = - 0.52, P = .009, Kendall test). VEGG and albumin markers correlated in control subjects and in chronic bronchitics . The study was conducted in the BAL fluids of 27 chronic stable asthmetics, nine untreated chronic bronchingitis patients and 15 control subjects . Do vEGF levels in asthmatic airways correlate with plasma extravasation?### Assistant: Thus, the potential role of VEGF in asthma requires further studies on bronchial biopsies and induced sputum.

Potential role of VEGF in asthma requires further studies on bronchial biopsies and induced sputum .

Are offspring subcutaneous adipose markers sensitive to the timing of maternal gestational weight gain?

The trajectory of gestational weight gain differed across treatments in early, mid and late gestation . Offspring body weight and food intake levels were measured from birth to adolescence . Markers of lipid metabolism, hypertrophy and inflammation were investigated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of adolescent offspring of EM sows . Total gestational gain did not differ except for EM sow who were the heaviest and fattest mothers at parturition . The study focused on the timing of maternal weight gain using a porcine model .

Increasing gestational weight gain in early gestation had the greatest impact on offspring postnatal growth rate. Increasing maternal food allowance in late gestation appeared to shift the offspring adipocyte focus towards accumulation of fat. Mothers who gained the most weight during gestation (EM mothers) gave birth to offspring whose subcutaneous adipose tissue, at adolescence, appeared hyperactive compared to controls. This study concluded that mothers, who gained more than the recommended weight gain in mid and late gestation, put their offspring adipose tissue at risk of dysfunction.

yes

### Human: The trajectory of gestational weight gain differed across treatments in early, mid and late gestation . Offspring body weight and food intake levels were measured from birth to adolescence . Markers of lipid metabolism, hypertrophy and inflammation were investigated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of adolescent offspring of EM sows . Total gestational gain did not differ except for EM sow who were the heaviest and fattest mothers at parturition . The study focused on the timing of maternal weight gain using a porcine model . Are offspring subcutaneous adipose markers sensitive to the timing of maternal gestational weight gain?### Assistant: Increasing gestational weight gain in early gestation had the greatest impact on offspring postnatal growth rate. Increasing maternal food allowance in late gestation appeared to shift the offspring adipocyte focus towards accumulation of fat. Mothers who gained the most weight during gestation (EM mothers) gave birth to offspring whose subcutaneous adipose tissue, at adolescence, appeared hyperactive compared to controls. This study concluded that mothers, who gained more than the recommended weight gain in mid and late gestation, put their offspring adipose tissue at risk of dysfunction.

Mothers who gained the most weight during gestation gave birth to offspring whose subcutaneous adipose tissue, at adolescence, appeared hyperactive compared

Does osteopontin expression correlate with prognostic variables and survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma?

Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions including tumorigenesis and tumor cell metastasis . Recently, it has been detected in a growing number of human tumors, and assessed as a potential prognostic marker . The study was to analyze the expression of OPN in normal renal tissue and clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CRCCs) and to assess its prognostic significance . Patients with OPN-positive tumors had significantly worse prognosis in comparison to patients with tumors lacking OPN protein .

Our results suggest that overexpression of OPN is involved in the progression of CRCC.

yes

### Human: Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions including tumorigenesis and tumor cell metastasis . Recently, it has been detected in a growing number of human tumors, and assessed as a potential prognostic marker . The study was to analyze the expression of OPN in normal renal tissue and clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CRCCs) and to assess its prognostic significance . Patients with OPN-positive tumors had significantly worse prognosis in comparison to patients with tumors lacking OPN protein . Does osteopontin expression correlate with prognostic variables and survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma?### Assistant: Our results suggest that overexpression of OPN is involved in the progression of CRCC.

Our results suggest that overexpression of OPN is involved in the progression of CRCC .

Does [ Small-dose vardenafil restore erectile function after penile surgery ]?

60 cases of penile cavernosum surgery were equally and randomly divided into a vardenafil and a control group . The patients were treated 5 - 7 days after surgery with 10 mg vardenfil every other day and vitamin E at 100 mg once a day . The penile erectile function of the patients was evaluated with the IIEF-5 questionnaire before surgery and at 3 and 6 months after vardenifil medication . The vardenufil group showed the highest IIEF5 score after surgery (P < 0.05)

Long-term administration of small-dose vardenafil after penile surgery helps to restore and maintain penile erectile function.

yes

### Human: 60 cases of penile cavernosum surgery were equally and randomly divided into a vardenafil and a control group . The patients were treated 5 - 7 days after surgery with 10 mg vardenfil every other day and vitamin E at 100 mg once a day . The penile erectile function of the patients was evaluated with the IIEF-5 questionnaire before surgery and at 3 and 6 months after vardenifil medication . The vardenufil group showed the highest IIEF5 score after surgery (P < 0.05) Does [ Small-dose vardenafil restore erectile function after penile surgery ]?### Assistant: Long-term administration of small-dose vardenafil after penile surgery helps to restore and maintain penile erectile function.

Small-dose vardenafil helps to restore and maintain penile erectile function .

Do deaths and cardiovascular injuries due to device-assisted implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and pacemaker lead extraction?

Between 1995 and 2008, 57 deaths and 48 serious cardiovascular injuries associated with device-assisted lead extraction were reported to the FDA . Of the 105 events, 27 deaths and 13 injuries occurred in 2007-2008 . The majority of deaths and injuries involved ICD leads, and most were caused by lacerations of the right atrium, superior vena cava, or innominate vein . Overall, 62 patients underwent emergency surgical repair of myocardial perforations and venous laceration and 35 (56%) survived .

These findings suggest that device-assisted lead extraction is a high-risk procedure and that serious complications including death may not be mitigated by emergency surgery. However, skilled standby cardiothoracic surgery is essential when performing pacemaker and ICD lead extractions. Although the incidence of these complications is unknown, the results of our study imply that device-assisted lead extractions should be performed by highly qualified physicians and their teams in specialized centres.

yes

### Human: Between 1995 and 2008, 57 deaths and 48 serious cardiovascular injuries associated with device-assisted lead extraction were reported to the FDA . Of the 105 events, 27 deaths and 13 injuries occurred in 2007-2008 . The majority of deaths and injuries involved ICD leads, and most were caused by lacerations of the right atrium, superior vena cava, or innominate vein . Overall, 62 patients underwent emergency surgical repair of myocardial perforations and venous laceration and 35 (56%) survived . Do deaths and cardiovascular injuries due to device-assisted implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and pacemaker lead extraction?### Assistant: These findings suggest that device-assisted lead extraction is a high-risk procedure and that serious complications including death may not be mitigated by emergency surgery. However, skilled standby cardiothoracic surgery is essential when performing pacemaker and ICD lead extractions. Although the incidence of these complications is unknown, the results of our study imply that device-assisted lead extractions should be performed by highly qualified physicians and their teams in specialized centres.

Device-assisted lead extraction is a high-risk procedure and serious complications including death may not be mitigated by emergency surgery . However,

Does estrogen affect the differentiation and function of splenic monocyte-derived dendritic cells from normal rats?

E2-DC, if injected i.v. into EAE rats on day 5 post immunization, could initiate antigen nonspecific hyper-responsivity in T cells in terms of enhanced proliferation and cytokine secretion of mononuclear cells in LN, but suppressed antibody secretion from splenocytes . In contrast to ctr-DC (E2) DC, E2 . could initiate . antigen . nonspecial hyperresponsivity . in T . cells in EAE .

These results suggest that estrogen can affect the differentiation and function of DCs, which leads T cells switching to Th2 secretion. This may account partly for the protective effect of estrogen on EAE.

yes

### Human: E2-DC, if injected i.v. into EAE rats on day 5 post immunization, could initiate antigen nonspecific hyper-responsivity in T cells in terms of enhanced proliferation and cytokine secretion of mononuclear cells in LN, but suppressed antibody secretion from splenocytes . In contrast to ctr-DC (E2) DC, E2 . could initiate . antigen . nonspecial hyperresponsivity . in T . cells in EAE . Does estrogen affect the differentiation and function of splenic monocyte-derived dendritic cells from normal rats?### Assistant: These results suggest that estrogen can affect the differentiation and function of DCs, which leads T cells switching to Th2 secretion. This may account partly for the protective effect of estrogen on EAE.

These results suggest that estrogen can affect the differentiation and function of DCs, which leads T cells switching to Th2 secretion . This may

Is sensitization to oilseed rape due to cross-reactivity with grass pollen?

Oilseed rape is an important crop grown in the UK which can cause immunological sensitization with clinical symptoms in a relatively small number of the general population . Individuals sensitized to both oilseed rape and grass pollen are also sensitized . Cross-reactivity between common grass and oilseed rapes would have important implications, especially as their flowering period coincides . Despite allergens of similar molecular weights being present in both pollen types, inhibition immunoblot studies confirmed that the allergens in the two pollen types were immunologically distinct .

The allergens of oilseed rape and grass pollen, although similar in molecular weights, are immunologically distinct and there is no evidence of cross-reactivity between them. Individuals allergic to grass pollen will not necessarily develop a specific nasal or airway response to inhaled oilseed rape pollens.

no

### Human: Oilseed rape is an important crop grown in the UK which can cause immunological sensitization with clinical symptoms in a relatively small number of the general population . Individuals sensitized to both oilseed rape and grass pollen are also sensitized . Cross-reactivity between common grass and oilseed rapes would have important implications, especially as their flowering period coincides . Despite allergens of similar molecular weights being present in both pollen types, inhibition immunoblot studies confirmed that the allergens in the two pollen types were immunologically distinct . Is sensitization to oilseed rape due to cross-reactivity with grass pollen?### Assistant: The allergens of oilseed rape and grass pollen, although similar in molecular weights, are immunologically distinct and there is no evidence of cross-reactivity between them. Individuals allergic to grass pollen will not necessarily develop a specific nasal or airway response to inhaled oilseed rape pollens.

The allergens of oilseed rape and grass pollen are immunologically distinct . Individuals allergic to grass pollen will not necessarily develop a specific nasal

Do motor and Cognitive Functional Status Are Associated with 30-day Unplanned Rehospitalization Following Post-Acute Care in Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries?

Thirty-day post-discharge unplanned rehospitalization is an established quality metric that has recently been extended to post-acute settings . The relationships between the functional domains in the IMPACT Act and 30-day rehospitalizations are poorly understood . Patients dependent at discharge for mobility had a 50% increased odds of re-hospitalization . Those dependent for self-care and mobility at discharge had a 16.1% (95 % CI: 15.3-17.0%) adjusted rehospitalizing rate versus 8.5% (99%) for those independent for both .

The functional domains identified in the IMPACT Act were associated with 30-day unplanned rehospitalization following post-acute care in this large national sample. Further research is needed to better understand and improve the functional measures, and to determine if their association with rehospitalizations varies across post-acute settings, patient populations, or episodes of care.

yes

### Human: Thirty-day post-discharge unplanned rehospitalization is an established quality metric that has recently been extended to post-acute settings . The relationships between the functional domains in the IMPACT Act and 30-day rehospitalizations are poorly understood . Patients dependent at discharge for mobility had a 50% increased odds of re-hospitalization . Those dependent for self-care and mobility at discharge had a 16.1% (95 % CI: 15.3-17.0%) adjusted rehospitalizing rate versus 8.5% (99%) for those independent for both . Do motor and Cognitive Functional Status Are Associated with 30-day Unplanned Rehospitalization Following Post-Acute Care in Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries?### Assistant: The functional domains identified in the IMPACT Act were associated with 30-day unplanned rehospitalization following post-acute care in this large national sample. Further research is needed to better understand and improve the functional measures, and to determine if their association with rehospitalizations varies across post-acute settings, patient populations, or episodes of care.

The functional domains identified in the IMPACT Act were associated with 30-day unplanned rehospitalization following post-acute care in

Does ghrelin exert a proliferative effect on a rat pituitary somatotroph cell line via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway?

Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand of the GH secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a) Both ghrelin and the GHS-Rs are expressed in the pituitary . The study examined the effect of ghrelins on cell proliferation in the rat pituitaries of GH3 . Ghrelins had a positive effect on proliferation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway . However, it has also been shown to have anti-proliferative effects on breast, lung and thyroid cells .

We have shown a novel role for ghrelin in stimulating the proliferation of a somatotroph pituitary tumour cell line, suggesting that ERK activation is involved in mediating the effects of ghrelin on cell proliferation. Desoctanoyl ghrelin showed a similar effect. As ghrelin has been shown to be expressed in both normal and adenomatous pituitary tissue, locally produced ghrelin may play a role in pituitary tumorigenesis via an autocrine/paracrine pathway.

yes

### Human: Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand of the GH secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a) Both ghrelin and the GHS-Rs are expressed in the pituitary . The study examined the effect of ghrelins on cell proliferation in the rat pituitaries of GH3 . Ghrelins had a positive effect on proliferation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway . However, it has also been shown to have anti-proliferative effects on breast, lung and thyroid cells . Does ghrelin exert a proliferative effect on a rat pituitary somatotroph cell line via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway?### Assistant: We have shown a novel role for ghrelin in stimulating the proliferation of a somatotroph pituitary tumour cell line, suggesting that ERK activation is involved in mediating the effects of ghrelin on cell proliferation. Desoctanoyl ghrelin showed a similar effect. As ghrelin has been shown to be expressed in both normal and adenomatous pituitary tissue, locally produced ghrelin may play a role in pituitary tumorigenesis via an autocrine/paracrine pathway.

Desoctanoyl ghrelin showed a similar effect on the proliferation of a somatotroph pituitary tumour cell

Does fructose-enriched diet modify antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats?

Twenty spontaneously hypertensive rats were assigned to one of two groups; one received a fructose-enriched diet (60% fructose) and the other a starch diet . After a 13-week diet period, total antioxidant status was assessed in the blood and liver by monitoring the rate of free radical-induced red blood cell hemolysis . Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) were also investigated in hepatic tissue .

Fructose feeding negatively affects antioxidant capacity in the blood of hypertensive rats but improves this capacity in the liver.

yes

### Human: Twenty spontaneously hypertensive rats were assigned to one of two groups; one received a fructose-enriched diet (60% fructose) and the other a starch diet . After a 13-week diet period, total antioxidant status was assessed in the blood and liver by monitoring the rate of free radical-induced red blood cell hemolysis . Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) were also investigated in hepatic tissue . Does fructose-enriched diet modify antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats?### Assistant: Fructose feeding negatively affects antioxidant capacity in the blood of hypertensive rats but improves this capacity in the liver.

Fructose feeding negatively affects antioxidant capacity in the blood of hypertensive rats but improves this capacity in liver .

Is individual selection of gait retraining strategies essential to optimally reduce medial knee load during gait?

The progression of medial knee osteoarthritis seems closely related to a high external knee adduction moment . We aimed to determine the retraining strategy that reduces this knee moment most effective during gait . Thirty-seven healthy participants underwent 3D gait analysis . Medial Thrust was the most effective strategy in 43% of the participants, while Trunk Lean reduced external knee Adduction moment most in 49% . Toeing out reduced late stance peak and impulse significantly but overall peak was not affected .

Although Trunk Lean and Medial Thrust reduced the external knee adduction moment overall, individual selection of gait retraining strategy seems vital to optimally reduce dynamic knee load during gait.

yes

### Human: The progression of medial knee osteoarthritis seems closely related to a high external knee adduction moment . We aimed to determine the retraining strategy that reduces this knee moment most effective during gait . Thirty-seven healthy participants underwent 3D gait analysis . Medial Thrust was the most effective strategy in 43% of the participants, while Trunk Lean reduced external knee Adduction moment most in 49% . Toeing out reduced late stance peak and impulse significantly but overall peak was not affected . Is individual selection of gait retraining strategies essential to optimally reduce medial knee load during gait?### Assistant: Although Trunk Lean and Medial Thrust reduced the external knee adduction moment overall, individual selection of gait retraining strategy seems vital to optimally reduce dynamic knee load during gait.

Trunk Lean and Medial Thrust reduced the external knee adduction moment overall . Individual selection of gait retraining strategy seems vital to