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Are two recurrent mutations associated with GNE myopathy in the North of Britain?

GNE myopathy is a rare recessive myopathy associated with inclusion bodies on muscle biopsy . The clinical phenotype is associated with distal muscle weakness with quadriceps sparing . Little is known about Gne myopathy in Europe where the prevalence is thought to be very low . Two previously reported mutations were prevalent in Scottish, Northern Irish and Northern English populations; with 90% of these patients carrying at least one of the two mutations . Clinically, we confirmed the homogenous pattern of selective quadricePS sparing but noted asymmetry of weakness at disease onset .

GNE myopathy is an important diagnosis to consider in patients presenting with distal leg muscle weakness. We report, for the first time, two common mutations in the north of Britain and highlight the broader spectrum of clinical phenotypes. We also propose that the prevalence of GNE myopathy may be underestimated due to the frequent absence of rimmed vacuoles in the muscle biopsy.

yes

### Human: GNE myopathy is a rare recessive myopathy associated with inclusion bodies on muscle biopsy . The clinical phenotype is associated with distal muscle weakness with quadriceps sparing . Little is known about Gne myopathy in Europe where the prevalence is thought to be very low . Two previously reported mutations were prevalent in Scottish, Northern Irish and Northern English populations; with 90% of these patients carrying at least one of the two mutations . Clinically, we confirmed the homogenous pattern of selective quadricePS sparing but noted asymmetry of weakness at disease onset . Are two recurrent mutations associated with GNE myopathy in the North of Britain?### Assistant: GNE myopathy is an important diagnosis to consider in patients presenting with distal leg muscle weakness. We report, for the first time, two common mutations in the north of Britain and highlight the broader spectrum of clinical phenotypes. We also propose that the prevalence of GNE myopathy may be underestimated due to the frequent absence of rimmed vacuoles in the muscle biopsy.

GNE myopathy is an important diagnosis to consider in patients presenting with distal leg muscle weakness . We report for the first time,

Do malaria parasite diversity and transmission intensity affect development of parasitological immunity in a mathematical model?

Development of parasitological immunity against malaria affects the ability to detect infection and the efficiency of the local human parasite reservoir at infecting mosquitoes . Increasing population-level diversity in malaria surface antigens delays development of broad parasitomological immunity . A local parasite population with high diversity can recreate trends in age-prevalence across more than an order of magnitude of variation in transmission intensities . Illustrative simulations are performed for multiple field sites in Tanzania and Nigeria, and observed age-trends are recreated in silico .

Mechanistic models of human immunity and parasite antigen diversity can recreate the observed temporal patterns for the development of parasitological immunity across a wide range of transmission intensities. This has implications for the distribution of disease burden across the population, the human transmission reservoir, design of elimination campaigns, and development and roll-out of potential vaccines.

yes

### Human: Development of parasitological immunity against malaria affects the ability to detect infection and the efficiency of the local human parasite reservoir at infecting mosquitoes . Increasing population-level diversity in malaria surface antigens delays development of broad parasitomological immunity . A local parasite population with high diversity can recreate trends in age-prevalence across more than an order of magnitude of variation in transmission intensities . Illustrative simulations are performed for multiple field sites in Tanzania and Nigeria, and observed age-trends are recreated in silico . Do malaria parasite diversity and transmission intensity affect development of parasitological immunity in a mathematical model?### Assistant: Mechanistic models of human immunity and parasite antigen diversity can recreate the observed temporal patterns for the development of parasitological immunity across a wide range of transmission intensities. This has implications for the distribution of disease burden across the population, the human transmission reservoir, design of elimination campaigns, and development and roll-out of potential vaccines.

Mechanistic models of human immunity and parasite antigen diversity can recreate temporal patterns for the development of parasitological immunity across a wide range of

Does overexpression of LAPTM4B-35 attenuate epirubucin-induced apoptosis of gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells?

Plasmids containing the complete open reading frame of LAPTM4B and Mock (pcDNA3) were transfected transiently into GBC-SD cells . Cells were followed by induction of apoptosis by epirubicin . Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining, propidium iodide (PI) staining and Annexin V/PI double staining flow cytometry . Protein expression was detected by immunoblotting and immunobotting .

Our data show that LAPTM4B-35 attenuated epirubicin-induced apoptosis of GBC-SD cells in vitro through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. Therefore, the protein LAPTM4B-35 might be associated with the chemoresistance of GBC.

yes

### Human: Plasmids containing the complete open reading frame of LAPTM4B and Mock (pcDNA3) were transfected transiently into GBC-SD cells . Cells were followed by induction of apoptosis by epirubicin . Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining, propidium iodide (PI) staining and Annexin V/PI double staining flow cytometry . Protein expression was detected by immunoblotting and immunobotting . Does overexpression of LAPTM4B-35 attenuate epirubucin-induced apoptosis of gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells?### Assistant: Our data show that LAPTM4B-35 attenuated epirubicin-induced apoptosis of GBC-SD cells in vitro through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. Therefore, the protein LAPTM4B-35 might be associated with the chemoresistance of GBC.

LAPTM4B-35 attenuated epirubicin-induced apoptosis of GBC-SD cells in vitro .

Is low p27Kip1 expression associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma?

p27Kip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor which regulates the progression of cells from the G1-into the S-phase in a cell cycle . The study was to determine whether p27kip1 expression can be a useful prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients . The 5-year survival rates were 80.4% and 56.7% for p27 kip1 high- and low-expression tumours .

These results suggest that reduction of p27Kip1 plays an important role in the progression of oral SCC and is considered to be a useful prognostic factor in oral SCC patients.

yes

### Human: p27Kip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor which regulates the progression of cells from the G1-into the S-phase in a cell cycle . The study was to determine whether p27kip1 expression can be a useful prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients . The 5-year survival rates were 80.4% and 56.7% for p27 kip1 high- and low-expression tumours . Is low p27Kip1 expression associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma?### Assistant: These results suggest that reduction of p27Kip1 plays an important role in the progression of oral SCC and is considered to be a useful prognostic factor in oral SCC patients.

p27Kip1 plays an important role in the progression of oral SCC . It is considered to be a useful prognostic factor

Does inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity by celecoxib lead to radiosensitization of human prostate cancer cells in vitro?

The influence of celecoxib (concentration range 5 to 75 microM) on radiation-induced cellular and clonogenic survival was investigated in prostate carcinoma cell lines PC-3, DU145, LNCaP and normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) The influence was studied in prostate cancer cell lines . Pre-treatment with celecoxb reduced the amount of PGE(2) significantly, but not of COX-2 protein . Pre treatment with cele Coxib reduced the amounts of PEG(2), but not the amount . of COx-2 .

Our data obtained for the human prostate cancer cell lines do not indicate that a marked inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis by celecoxib leads to enhanced radiosensitization. Thus, in terms of radiosensitization the analysed prostate cancer cells can be classified as non-responders to celecoxib treatment.

no

### Human: The influence of celecoxib (concentration range 5 to 75 microM) on radiation-induced cellular and clonogenic survival was investigated in prostate carcinoma cell lines PC-3, DU145, LNCaP and normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) The influence was studied in prostate cancer cell lines . Pre-treatment with celecoxb reduced the amount of PGE(2) significantly, but not of COX-2 protein . Pre treatment with cele Coxib reduced the amounts of PEG(2), but not the amount . of COx-2 . Does inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity by celecoxib lead to radiosensitization of human prostate cancer cells in vitro?### Assistant: Our data obtained for the human prostate cancer cell lines do not indicate that a marked inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis by celecoxib leads to enhanced radiosensitization. Thus, in terms of radiosensitization the analysed prostate cancer cells can be classified as non-responders to celecoxib treatment.

Our data show celecoxib does not lead to enhanced radiosensitization . The analysed prostate cancer cells can be classified as non-

Is the fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 Arg388 allele associated with gastric cancer progression?

FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism was reported to be associated with malignant tumors prognosis . There has been no relevant research for gastric cancer . The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of FGFR 4 Gly388 Arg polymorphism as well as the mRNA expression of FG FR4 in patients with cancer . There is no significantly statistical difference compared with mRNA expression in different genotypes . Associations between the FGFR four Gly388Ar polymorphism and overall survival exist .

Based on this study, FGFR4 Arg388 genotype-a marker for gastric cancer progression-may predict prognosis of gastric cancer.

yes

### Human: FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism was reported to be associated with malignant tumors prognosis . There has been no relevant research for gastric cancer . The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of FGFR 4 Gly388 Arg polymorphism as well as the mRNA expression of FG FR4 in patients with cancer . There is no significantly statistical difference compared with mRNA expression in different genotypes . Associations between the FGFR four Gly388Ar polymorphism and overall survival exist . Is the fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 Arg388 allele associated with gastric cancer progression?### Assistant: Based on this study, FGFR4 Arg388 genotype-a marker for gastric cancer progression-may predict prognosis of gastric cancer.

FGFR4 Arg388 genotype-a marker for gastric cancer progression-may predict prognosis of gastric cancer .

Do anti-HHV-8/KSHV antibodies in infected individuals inhibit infection in vitro?

Antibodies capable of inhibiting HHV-8 infection were measured by infecting transformed dermal microvascular endothelial cells (tDMVEC) that had been pre-incubated with serum from the virus . Levels of infection was quantified by indirect immunofluorescence assay . Inhibition of infection determined by comparing the level of infection obtained with HHv-8-seropositive subject serum with the level obtained by incubation with seronegative serum .

This study is the first to identify HHV-8 antibodies in infected subjects that reduce in vitro infectivity of the virus.

yes

### Human: Antibodies capable of inhibiting HHV-8 infection were measured by infecting transformed dermal microvascular endothelial cells (tDMVEC) that had been pre-incubated with serum from the virus . Levels of infection was quantified by indirect immunofluorescence assay . Inhibition of infection determined by comparing the level of infection obtained with HHv-8-seropositive subject serum with the level obtained by incubation with seronegative serum . Do anti-HHV-8/KSHV antibodies in infected individuals inhibit infection in vitro?### Assistant: This study is the first to identify HHV-8 antibodies in infected subjects that reduce in vitro infectivity of the virus.

Study is the first to identify HHV-8 antibodies in infected subjects that reduce in vitro infectivity of the virus .

Does plasma homocysteine affect fibrin clot permeability and resistance to lysis in human subjects?

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for thrombosis . We investigated a hypothesis that the clot permeability and resistance to fibrinolysis is associated with plasma total Hcy (tHcy), in human subjects . In CAD patients, tHcy and fibrinogen were stronger predictors of the permeation coefficient (R2=0.84; P<0.66; P <0.0001) In patients with diabetes or hypercholesterolemia, influence of Hcy on permeation and, to a lesser extent, on the lysis time was obscured by dominant effects of glucose and cholesterol .

Our results indicate that plasma tHcy predicts clot permeation and susceptibility to fibrinolysis in healthy men and CAD patients. Our data are consistent with a mechanism of thrombosis in hyperhomocysteinemia, which involves modification of fibrinogen by Hcy-thiolactone.

yes

### Human: Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for thrombosis . We investigated a hypothesis that the clot permeability and resistance to fibrinolysis is associated with plasma total Hcy (tHcy), in human subjects . In CAD patients, tHcy and fibrinogen were stronger predictors of the permeation coefficient (R2=0.84; P<0.66; P <0.0001) In patients with diabetes or hypercholesterolemia, influence of Hcy on permeation and, to a lesser extent, on the lysis time was obscured by dominant effects of glucose and cholesterol . Does plasma homocysteine affect fibrin clot permeability and resistance to lysis in human subjects?### Assistant: Our results indicate that plasma tHcy predicts clot permeation and susceptibility to fibrinolysis in healthy men and CAD patients. Our data are consistent with a mechanism of thrombosis in hyperhomocysteinemia, which involves modification of fibrinogen by Hcy-thiolactone.

Plasma tHcy predicts clot permeation and susceptibility to fibrinolysis in healthy men and CAD patients . Our data are consistent

Does photodynamic therapy with a cationic functionalized fullerene rescue mice from fatal wound infections?

Fullerenes are under intensive study for potential biomedical applications . We used stable bioluminescent bacteria and a low light imaging system to follow the progress of the infection noninvasively in real time . Fullerene-mediated photodynamic therapy of mice infected with P. mirabilis led to 82% survival compared with 8% survival without treatment . When photodynamic treatment was combined with suboptimal dose of the antibiotic tobramycin (6 mg/kg for 1 day) there was a synergistic therapeutic effect with a survival of 60% .

These data suggest that cationic fullerenes have clinical potential as an antimicrobial photosensitizer for superficial infections where red light is not needed to penetrate tissue.

yes

### Human: Fullerenes are under intensive study for potential biomedical applications . We used stable bioluminescent bacteria and a low light imaging system to follow the progress of the infection noninvasively in real time . Fullerene-mediated photodynamic therapy of mice infected with P. mirabilis led to 82% survival compared with 8% survival without treatment . When photodynamic treatment was combined with suboptimal dose of the antibiotic tobramycin (6 mg/kg for 1 day) there was a synergistic therapeutic effect with a survival of 60% . Does photodynamic therapy with a cationic functionalized fullerene rescue mice from fatal wound infections?### Assistant: These data suggest that cationic fullerenes have clinical potential as an antimicrobial photosensitizer for superficial infections where red light is not needed to penetrate tissue.

Cationic fullerenes have clinical potential as an antimicrobial photosensitizer for superficial infections where red light is not needed

Is muscle dysfunction associated with adjuvant-induced arthritis prevented by antioxidant treatment?

AIA was induced in the knees of rats by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant and was allowed to develop for 21 days . Muscle contractile function was assessed in isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles . EDL muscles from AIA rats showed decreased tetanic force per cross-sectional area and slowed twitch contraction and relaxation . Actin aggregates were observed in AIA muscles, and these contained high levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde-protein adducts .

Antioxidant treatment prevented the development of oxidant-induced actin aggregates and contractile dysfunction in the skeletal muscle of AIA rats. This implies that antioxidant treatment can be used to effectively counteract muscle weakness in inflammatory conditions.

yes

### Human: AIA was induced in the knees of rats by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant and was allowed to develop for 21 days . Muscle contractile function was assessed in isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles . EDL muscles from AIA rats showed decreased tetanic force per cross-sectional area and slowed twitch contraction and relaxation . Actin aggregates were observed in AIA muscles, and these contained high levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde-protein adducts . Is muscle dysfunction associated with adjuvant-induced arthritis prevented by antioxidant treatment?### Assistant: Antioxidant treatment prevented the development of oxidant-induced actin aggregates and contractile dysfunction in the skeletal muscle of AIA rats. This implies that antioxidant treatment can be used to effectively counteract muscle weakness in inflammatory conditions.

Antioxidant treatment prevented the development of oxidant-induced actin aggregates and contractile dysfunction in the skeletal muscle of AIA

Does long-term detraining increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in Japanese men?

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of long-term detraining on metabolic syndrome (MetS) Waist circumference and body mass index were significantly higher in the non-training group and the detraining group than in the training group . The odds ratio for smoking was higher in detraining groups than in training group, and also higher in Detraining group . High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower and low-density cholesterol (LDL) was higher .

Detraining results in similar degrees of obesity, low HDL-C, high LDL-C, and high MetS risk as non-training. To prevent lifestyle-related diseases, it is particularly important not only to encourage adults to become physically active, but also discourage active young people from discontinuing physical exercise.

yes

### Human: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of long-term detraining on metabolic syndrome (MetS) Waist circumference and body mass index were significantly higher in the non-training group and the detraining group than in the training group . The odds ratio for smoking was higher in detraining groups than in training group, and also higher in Detraining group . High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower and low-density cholesterol (LDL) was higher . Does long-term detraining increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in Japanese men?### Assistant: Detraining results in similar degrees of obesity, low HDL-C, high LDL-C, and high MetS risk as non-training. To prevent lifestyle-related diseases, it is particularly important not only to encourage adults to become physically active, but also discourage active young people from discontinuing physical exercise.

Detraining results in similar degrees of obesity, low HDL-C, high LDL-C and high MetS risk as non-training

Do biomechanical study of the funnel technique applied in thoracic pedicle screw replacement?

14 functional spinal units (T6 to T10) were selected from thoracic spine specimens of 14 fresh adult cadavers . The displacement-stiffness and pull-out strength in all kinds of position were tested and compared . Two fixed groups were significantly higher than that of the intact state (P < 0.05) in the spinal central axial direction, compression, anterior flexion, posterior bending, lateral bending, axial torsion, but there were no significant differences between two fixed groups .

The Funnel technique for the insertion point of posterior bone is a safe and accurate technique for pedicle screw placement. It exhibited no effects on the stiffness of spinal column, but decreased the pull-out strength of pedicle screw. Therefore, the funnel technique in the thoracic spine affords an alternative for the standard screw placement.

yes

### Human: 14 functional spinal units (T6 to T10) were selected from thoracic spine specimens of 14 fresh adult cadavers . The displacement-stiffness and pull-out strength in all kinds of position were tested and compared . Two fixed groups were significantly higher than that of the intact state (P < 0.05) in the spinal central axial direction, compression, anterior flexion, posterior bending, lateral bending, axial torsion, but there were no significant differences between two fixed groups . Do biomechanical study of the funnel technique applied in thoracic pedicle screw replacement?### Assistant: The Funnel technique for the insertion point of posterior bone is a safe and accurate technique for pedicle screw placement. It exhibited no effects on the stiffness of spinal column, but decreased the pull-out strength of pedicle screw. Therefore, the funnel technique in the thoracic spine affords an alternative for the standard screw placement.

Funnel technique for insertion point of posterior bone is safe and accurate technique for pedicle screw placement . It exhibited no effects on the stiffness

Is human evidence that the cystatin C gene implicated in focal progression of coronary artery disease?

Seven polymorphisms, all in strong-linkage disequilibrium, were identified in the cystatin C gene . Cystatin deficiency was demonstrated in human atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms . The plasma cystatatin C concentration was significantly lower in carriers of the mutant haplotype . The mutant gene was associated with a higher average number of stenoses per coronary artery segment in unselected postinfarction patients (N=237) undergoing routine coronary angiography .

These results provide human evidence for an important role of cystatin C in coronary artery disease.

yes

### Human: Seven polymorphisms, all in strong-linkage disequilibrium, were identified in the cystatin C gene . Cystatin deficiency was demonstrated in human atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms . The plasma cystatatin C concentration was significantly lower in carriers of the mutant haplotype . The mutant gene was associated with a higher average number of stenoses per coronary artery segment in unselected postinfarction patients (N=237) undergoing routine coronary angiography . Is human evidence that the cystatin C gene implicated in focal progression of coronary artery disease?### Assistant: These results provide human evidence for an important role of cystatin C in coronary artery disease.

cystatin C is an important role in coronary artery disease . These results provide human evidence for an important . role of the cyst

Do wISP3 and RhoC guanosine triphosphatase cooperate in the development of inflammatory breast cancer?

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal form of locally advanced breast cancer . We have demonstrated that WISP3 has tumor growth and angiogenesis inhibitory functions in IBC . We hypothesized that RhoC and WISp3 cooperate in the development of IBC. We found that RHoC is a transforming oncogene for HME cells . We also found that restoring the expression of WISSP3 in the highly malignant IBC cell line SUM149 was able to decrease the expression .

WISP3 modulates RhoC expression in HME cells and in the IBC cell line SUM149, and provide further evidence in support that these two genes act in concert to give rise to the highly aggressive IBC phenotype. We propose a model of this interaction as a starting point for further investigations.

yes

### Human: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal form of locally advanced breast cancer . We have demonstrated that WISP3 has tumor growth and angiogenesis inhibitory functions in IBC . We hypothesized that RhoC and WISp3 cooperate in the development of IBC. We found that RHoC is a transforming oncogene for HME cells . We also found that restoring the expression of WISSP3 in the highly malignant IBC cell line SUM149 was able to decrease the expression . Do wISP3 and RhoC guanosine triphosphatase cooperate in the development of inflammatory breast cancer?### Assistant: WISP3 modulates RhoC expression in HME cells and in the IBC cell line SUM149, and provide further evidence in support that these two genes act in concert to give rise to the highly aggressive IBC phenotype. We propose a model of this interaction as a starting point for further investigations.

WISP3 modulates RhoC expression in HME cells and in the IBC cell line SUM149 . We propose a

Does intragastric balloon fundal or antral position affect weight loss and tolerability?

Intragastric balloons (BIB) should be placed to the gastric fundus, as this place is believed more effective for achievement of satiety and thus weight reduction . The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the balloon position may affect 6-month weight loss as well as first-month side-effects, i.e. nausea, vomiting, and gastroesophageal reflux . BIB placed in the antrum was found to have significantly better results on weight loss parameters .

Intragastric balloon placed in the antrum lead to better results in weight reduction but to longer duration of tolerability-related side-effects, i.e., nausea, vomiting, and gastroesophageal reflux.

yes

### Human: Intragastric balloons (BIB) should be placed to the gastric fundus, as this place is believed more effective for achievement of satiety and thus weight reduction . The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the balloon position may affect 6-month weight loss as well as first-month side-effects, i.e. nausea, vomiting, and gastroesophageal reflux . BIB placed in the antrum was found to have significantly better results on weight loss parameters . Does intragastric balloon fundal or antral position affect weight loss and tolerability?### Assistant: Intragastric balloon placed in the antrum lead to better results in weight reduction but to longer duration of tolerability-related side-effects, i.e., nausea, vomiting, and gastroesophageal reflux.

Intragastric balloon placed in the antrum lead to better results in weight reduction but to longer duration of tolerability-related side

Does dietary cholesterol increase biomarkers for chronic disease in a pediatric population from northern Mexico?

An increased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is prevalent in northern Mexico . Effects of specific dietary components on risk factors for CAD have not been evaluated in children . The purpose was to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol provided by whole eggs on lipoprotein profile, LDL size, and phenotype in children from this region . Children were randomly assigned to either 2 eggs/d (EGG period; 518 additional mg cholesterol) or the equivalent amount of egg whites (SUB period) for 30 d . After a 3-wk washout period, the children were assigned to the alternate treatment .

Intake of 2 eggs/d results in the maintenance of LDL:HDL and in the generation of a less atherogenic LDL in this population of Mexican children.

no

### Human: An increased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is prevalent in northern Mexico . Effects of specific dietary components on risk factors for CAD have not been evaluated in children . The purpose was to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol provided by whole eggs on lipoprotein profile, LDL size, and phenotype in children from this region . Children were randomly assigned to either 2 eggs/d (EGG period; 518 additional mg cholesterol) or the equivalent amount of egg whites (SUB period) for 30 d . After a 3-wk washout period, the children were assigned to the alternate treatment . Does dietary cholesterol increase biomarkers for chronic disease in a pediatric population from northern Mexico?### Assistant: Intake of 2 eggs/d results in the maintenance of LDL:HDL and in the generation of a less atherogenic LDL in this population of Mexican children.

Intake of 2 eggs/d results in the maintenance of LDL:HDL and in the generation of a less atherogenic LDL

Does early insulin secretion failure lead to diabetes in Chinese subjects with impaired glucose regulation?

2,975 Chinese subjects were classified into: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulations (IGR), and diabetes mellitus (DM) based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) The DM group was sub-classified as normal fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour hyperglycemia (N0D2), fasting hyperglycermia (D0N2) and normal 2-hours plasma glucose (D1D2) In the diabetic sub-groups, IGI of N0D1 was higher than that of D0N1 and IGT, and both deteriorated compared with those of IGT and IFG .

Failure of beta-cell function might be the main reason for both IGT and IFG developing into diabetes instead of aggravated insulin resistance.

yes

### Human: 2,975 Chinese subjects were classified into: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulations (IGR), and diabetes mellitus (DM) based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) The DM group was sub-classified as normal fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour hyperglycemia (N0D2), fasting hyperglycermia (D0N2) and normal 2-hours plasma glucose (D1D2) In the diabetic sub-groups, IGI of N0D1 was higher than that of D0N1 and IGT, and both deteriorated compared with those of IGT and IFG . Does early insulin secretion failure lead to diabetes in Chinese subjects with impaired glucose regulation?### Assistant: Failure of beta-cell function might be the main reason for both IGT and IFG developing into diabetes instead of aggravated insulin resistance.

Failure of beta-cell function might be the main reason for both IGT and IFG developing into diabetes instead of aggravated insulin resistance .

Does single-dose dexmedetomidine attenuate airway and circulatory reflexes during extubation?

The alpha agonist dexmedetomidine, a sedative and analgesic, reduces heart rate and blood pressure dose-dependently . We investigated whether it also has the ability to attenuate airway and circulatory reflexes during emergence from anaesthesia . The time from . tracheal extubation and emergence from . anaesthesia were similar in both groups, but there were no differences between the groups in the incidence of breath holding or desaturation . The increase in heart rate was less significant with Dexmedetmidine .

These findings suggest that a single-dose bolus injection of dexmedetomidine before tracheal extubation attenuates airway-circulatory reflexes during extubation.

yes

### Human: The alpha agonist dexmedetomidine, a sedative and analgesic, reduces heart rate and blood pressure dose-dependently . We investigated whether it also has the ability to attenuate airway and circulatory reflexes during emergence from anaesthesia . The time from . tracheal extubation and emergence from . anaesthesia were similar in both groups, but there were no differences between the groups in the incidence of breath holding or desaturation . The increase in heart rate was less significant with Dexmedetmidine . Does single-dose dexmedetomidine attenuate airway and circulatory reflexes during extubation?### Assistant: These findings suggest that a single-dose bolus injection of dexmedetomidine before tracheal extubation attenuates airway-circulatory reflexes during extubation.

A single-dose bolus injection of dexmedetomidine before tracheal extubation attenuates airway-circulatory

Does prostacyclin synthase gene transfer inhibit neointimal formation by suppressing PPAR delta expression?

Prostacyclin (PGI(2) is a potent ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR delta) that regulates cell growth and differentiation . The aim of this study was to examine how PGI(2), PGI, PGCKs, PPAR delta and mitogen-activated protein kinases affect the development of neointimal formation in experimental angioplasty with adenovirus-mediated PGIS (Ad-PGIS) gene transfer .

Ad-PGIS gene transfer reduced PPAR delta expression and inhibited neointimal formation after balloon injury in accordance with the reduction in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.

yes

### Human: Prostacyclin (PGI(2) is a potent ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR delta) that regulates cell growth and differentiation . The aim of this study was to examine how PGI(2), PGI, PGCKs, PPAR delta and mitogen-activated protein kinases affect the development of neointimal formation in experimental angioplasty with adenovirus-mediated PGIS (Ad-PGIS) gene transfer . Does prostacyclin synthase gene transfer inhibit neointimal formation by suppressing PPAR delta expression?### Assistant: Ad-PGIS gene transfer reduced PPAR delta expression and inhibited neointimal formation after balloon injury in accordance with the reduction in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.

Ad-PGIS gene transfer reduced PPAR delta expression and inhibited neointimal formation after balloon injury in accordance with the reduction in the

Do polyamines found in the inflamed periodontium inhibit priming and apoptosis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes?

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are exposed to high concentrations of polyamines in the inflamed periodontium . Previous studies suggest polyamines are involved in priming of the PMN respiratory burst by tumor necrosis factor-alpha . Exogenous polyamines can modulate priming by TNF-alpha or delay nuclear changes associated with PMN apoptosis (programmed cell death) The delay of apoptosis by spermidine was less profound than that produced by the cytokine .

Polyamines could potentially impair the priming of PMN oxidative function by TNF-alpha at sites where this cytokine is present. In the absence of TNF-alpha, polyamines could enhance PMN superoxide release and enhance the maintenance of PMN function in the periodontal pocket.

yes

### Human: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are exposed to high concentrations of polyamines in the inflamed periodontium . Previous studies suggest polyamines are involved in priming of the PMN respiratory burst by tumor necrosis factor-alpha . Exogenous polyamines can modulate priming by TNF-alpha or delay nuclear changes associated with PMN apoptosis (programmed cell death) The delay of apoptosis by spermidine was less profound than that produced by the cytokine . Do polyamines found in the inflamed periodontium inhibit priming and apoptosis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes?### Assistant: Polyamines could potentially impair the priming of PMN oxidative function by TNF-alpha at sites where this cytokine is present. In the absence of TNF-alpha, polyamines could enhance PMN superoxide release and enhance the maintenance of PMN function in the periodontal pocket.

Polyamines could potentially impair the priming of PMN oxidative function by TNF-alpha at sites where this cytokine is present .

Does inhibition of macrophage fatty acid β-oxidation exacerbate palmitate-induced inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses?

Saturated fatty acids such as palmitate activate inflammatory pathways and elicit an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in macrophages . This study addressed the question of whether or not mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) affects macrophage responses to SFA . We modulated the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) to modulate activity of CPT1A in mac differentiated THP-1 monocytic cells .

Our data indicate that FAO attenuates inflammatory and ER stress responses in SFA-exposed macrophages, suggesting an anti-inflammatory impact of drugs that activate FAO.

yes

### Human: Saturated fatty acids such as palmitate activate inflammatory pathways and elicit an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in macrophages . This study addressed the question of whether or not mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) affects macrophage responses to SFA . We modulated the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) to modulate activity of CPT1A in mac differentiated THP-1 monocytic cells . Does inhibition of macrophage fatty acid β-oxidation exacerbate palmitate-induced inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses?### Assistant: Our data indicate that FAO attenuates inflammatory and ER stress responses in SFA-exposed macrophages, suggesting an anti-inflammatory impact of drugs that activate FAO.

FAO attenuates inflammatory and ER stress responses in SFA-exposed macrophages, suggesting an anti-inflammatory impact of drugs

Do sensitization and allergic histories differ between black and white pregnant women?

Black women were more likely than white women to have had at least 1 specific IgE level of 0.35 IU/mL or greater (62.5% vs 40.2%) Black women had higher total IgE levels (geometric mean, 47.8 IU/L) vs 20.0 IU/ML [95% CI, 42.5-53.8IU/L] and eczema (21.9% vs 14.8%) Associations persisted for total IgEs levels, having 1 or more positive allergen-specific IgE .

Racial differences in allergic sensitization and diagnoses were present, even after controlling for various factors. Future research should focus on prevention to ameliorate these disparities.

yes

### Human: Black women were more likely than white women to have had at least 1 specific IgE level of 0.35 IU/mL or greater (62.5% vs 40.2%) Black women had higher total IgE levels (geometric mean, 47.8 IU/L) vs 20.0 IU/ML [95% CI, 42.5-53.8IU/L] and eczema (21.9% vs 14.8%) Associations persisted for total IgEs levels, having 1 or more positive allergen-specific IgE . Do sensitization and allergic histories differ between black and white pregnant women?### Assistant: Racial differences in allergic sensitization and diagnoses were present, even after controlling for various factors. Future research should focus on prevention to ameliorate these disparities.

Racial differences in allergic sensitization and diagnoses were present, even after controlling for various factors . Future research should focus on prevention to am

Is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use associated with reduced plasma concentration of C-reactive protein in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke?

ACE inhibitor treatment was associated with lower median CRP levels and with a reduced 2-year cardiovascular risk . The relationship between ACE inhibitor status and log-normalized CRP was significant (P<0.0001) after we controlled for important confounding variables and concomitant treatments . This risk reduction was greatly attenuated and not more significant when log- normalized CRPs were included in the model . The risk was also evident in multivariable analysis when ACE inhibitors were controlled for BP, associated risk factors, neuroradiological findings, and .

Concomitant treatment with ACE inhibitor at the time of an acute stroke is associated with lower inflammatory response and better long-term outcomes, apparently apart from the effects on BP.

yes

### Human: ACE inhibitor treatment was associated with lower median CRP levels and with a reduced 2-year cardiovascular risk . The relationship between ACE inhibitor status and log-normalized CRP was significant (P<0.0001) after we controlled for important confounding variables and concomitant treatments . This risk reduction was greatly attenuated and not more significant when log- normalized CRPs were included in the model . The risk was also evident in multivariable analysis when ACE inhibitors were controlled for BP, associated risk factors, neuroradiological findings, and . Is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use associated with reduced plasma concentration of C-reactive protein in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke?### Assistant: Concomitant treatment with ACE inhibitor at the time of an acute stroke is associated with lower inflammatory response and better long-term outcomes, apparently apart from the effects on BP.

ACE inhibitor at the time of an acute stroke is associated with lower inflammatory response and better long-term outcomes .

Is intravenous ketamine plus midazolam superior to intranasal midazolam for emergency paediatric procedural sedation?

Study compared intranasal midazolam (INM) with a combination of intravenous ketamine and intravenous midazalam (IVKM) for sedation of children requiring minor procedures in the emergency department . Children given INM discharged an average of 19 minutes earlier than those given IVKM . Sedation was sufficient to complete the procedures in all children receiving IVKm and in 24 of the 26 receiving INM . Onset of sedation was 5.3 minutes quicker than with INM (95%CI 3.2, 7.4 minutes, p<0.001)

Intravenous ketamine plus midazolam used in an appropriate setting by experienced personnel provides an excellent means of achieving sedation suitable for most non-painful minor procedures for children in the emergency department. This combination is superior to INM in terms of speed of onset and consistency of effect. INM delivered via aerosol spray has a more variable effect but may still be adequate for the completion of many of these procedures.

yes

### Human: Study compared intranasal midazolam (INM) with a combination of intravenous ketamine and intravenous midazalam (IVKM) for sedation of children requiring minor procedures in the emergency department . Children given INM discharged an average of 19 minutes earlier than those given IVKM . Sedation was sufficient to complete the procedures in all children receiving IVKm and in 24 of the 26 receiving INM . Onset of sedation was 5.3 minutes quicker than with INM (95%CI 3.2, 7.4 minutes, p<0.001) Is intravenous ketamine plus midazolam superior to intranasal midazolam for emergency paediatric procedural sedation?### Assistant: Intravenous ketamine plus midazolam used in an appropriate setting by experienced personnel provides an excellent means of achieving sedation suitable for most non-painful minor procedures for children in the emergency department. This combination is superior to INM in terms of speed of onset and consistency of effect. INM delivered via aerosol spray has a more variable effect but may still be adequate for the completion of many of these procedures.

Intravenous ketamine plus midazolam is superior to INM in terms of speed of onset and consistency of effect .

Are modulation of circulating vasoactive peptides and extracellular matrix proteins two novel mechanisms in the cardioprotective action of acarbose?

Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, unexpectedly reduced the incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular endpoints in the STOP-NIDDM study . We hypothesized that changes of the Glycemic Index by acarbose may modulate vasoregulatory peptide levels via regulation of postprandial metabolism . All three peptides were correlated with each over, but neither with insulin sensitivity in euglycemic clamps, nor with adiponectin levels . WISP1 decreased after acarose treatment in subjects with metabolic syndrome .

Plasma MR- proANP and CT-proET-1 concentrations, but not MR-prADM concentrations, were affected by treatment with acarbose over 12 weeks. Our findings provide new possible mechanisms of acarbose action in diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

yes

### Human: Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, unexpectedly reduced the incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular endpoints in the STOP-NIDDM study . We hypothesized that changes of the Glycemic Index by acarbose may modulate vasoregulatory peptide levels via regulation of postprandial metabolism . All three peptides were correlated with each over, but neither with insulin sensitivity in euglycemic clamps, nor with adiponectin levels . WISP1 decreased after acarose treatment in subjects with metabolic syndrome . Are modulation of circulating vasoactive peptides and extracellular matrix proteins two novel mechanisms in the cardioprotective action of acarbose?### Assistant: Plasma MR- proANP and CT-proET-1 concentrations, but not MR-prADM concentrations, were affected by treatment with acarbose over 12 weeks. Our findings provide new possible mechanisms of acarbose action in diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

MR- proANP and CT-proET-1 concentrations were affected by treatment with acarbose over 12 weeks . MR-

Is cardiovascular polypharmacy associated with unplanned hospitalisation : evidence from a retrospective cohort study?

Polypharmacy is often considered suggestive of suboptimal prescribing, and is associated with adverse outcomes . It is unclear whether prescribing of multiple cardiovascular medicines, which may be entirely appropriate and consistent with clinical guidance, is linked with adverse outcome . The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between number of prescribed cardiovascular medicines and unplanned non-cardiovascular hospital admissions . A retrospective cohort analysis of 180,815 adult patients was conducted using Scottish primary care data linked to hospital discharge data . Admissions were more common in patients receiving multiple cardiovascular medicine (6.4% of patients prescribed 5 or 6 cardiovascular medicines)

We found no evidence that increasing numbers of cardiovascular medicines were associated with an increased risk of unplanned non-cardiovascular hospitalisation, following adjustment for confounding. Assumptions that polypharmacy is hazardous and represents poor care should be moderated in the context of cardiovascular disease.

no

### Human: Polypharmacy is often considered suggestive of suboptimal prescribing, and is associated with adverse outcomes . It is unclear whether prescribing of multiple cardiovascular medicines, which may be entirely appropriate and consistent with clinical guidance, is linked with adverse outcome . The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between number of prescribed cardiovascular medicines and unplanned non-cardiovascular hospital admissions . A retrospective cohort analysis of 180,815 adult patients was conducted using Scottish primary care data linked to hospital discharge data . Admissions were more common in patients receiving multiple cardiovascular medicine (6.4% of patients prescribed 5 or 6 cardiovascular medicines) Is cardiovascular polypharmacy associated with unplanned hospitalisation : evidence from a retrospective cohort study?### Assistant: We found no evidence that increasing numbers of cardiovascular medicines were associated with an increased risk of unplanned non-cardiovascular hospitalisation, following adjustment for confounding. Assumptions that polypharmacy is hazardous and represents poor care should be moderated in the context of cardiovascular disease.

Assumptions that polypharmacy is hazardous and represents poor care should be moderated in the context of cardiovascular disease .

Does pulmonary Hypertension improve After Orthotopic Liver Transplant in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease?

The records of adult patients with chronic liver disease who underwent orthotopic liver transplant at our center between 2004 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated . The mean age of patients was 42.1 ± 14.1 years (range, 16-67 y), and 143 (70.4%) were men . During preoperative assessment, pulmonary hypertension was identified in 47 patients (23.2%), of whom 10 displayed systolic pulmonary artery pressure > 50 mm Hg . A significant reduction in mean values of systolary pulmonary arterial pressure was observed postoperatively (P = .007)

The findings of this study indicate that pulmonary hypertension is a common finding in adult chronic liver disease patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant. A significant improvement occurs in systolic pulmonary artery pressure values following transplant surgery. Regarding the prevalence and prognostic significance of pulmonary hypertension, all patients with chronic liver disease should be evaluated with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography before transplant.

yes

### Human: The records of adult patients with chronic liver disease who underwent orthotopic liver transplant at our center between 2004 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated . The mean age of patients was 42.1 ± 14.1 years (range, 16-67 y), and 143 (70.4%) were men . During preoperative assessment, pulmonary hypertension was identified in 47 patients (23.2%), of whom 10 displayed systolic pulmonary artery pressure > 50 mm Hg . A significant reduction in mean values of systolary pulmonary arterial pressure was observed postoperatively (P = .007) Does pulmonary Hypertension improve After Orthotopic Liver Transplant in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease?### Assistant: The findings of this study indicate that pulmonary hypertension is a common finding in adult chronic liver disease patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant. A significant improvement occurs in systolic pulmonary artery pressure values following transplant surgery. Regarding the prevalence and prognostic significance of pulmonary hypertension, all patients with chronic liver disease should be evaluated with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography before transplant.

pulmonary hypertension is a common finding in adult chronic liver disease patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant . A significant improvement occurs in systolic

Is placenta accreta an independent risk factor for late pre-term birth and perinatal mortality?

The prevalence of placenta accerta is 0.2% . Women with this complication had higher rates of previous CS (p < 0.001), recurrent abortions (p)= =0.03), and previous placentas accreta [p]=0 001]. The rates of peripartum hemorrhage necessitating blood transfusion were higher in women with placente accretas . Placenta previa was an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality (adj. OR 8.2; 95% CI 6.4-10.4)

Placenta accreta is an independent risk factor for late PTB and perinatal mortality.

yes

### Human: The prevalence of placenta accerta is 0.2% . Women with this complication had higher rates of previous CS (p < 0.001), recurrent abortions (p)= =0.03), and previous placentas accreta [p]=0 001]. The rates of peripartum hemorrhage necessitating blood transfusion were higher in women with placente accretas . Placenta previa was an independent risk factor for perinatal mortality (adj. OR 8.2; 95% CI 6.4-10.4) Is placenta accreta an independent risk factor for late pre-term birth and perinatal mortality?### Assistant: Placenta accreta is an independent risk factor for late PTB and perinatal mortality.

Placenta accreta is independent risk factor for late PTB and perinatal mortality . Placentas accretas are

Does reversal of hypoxia in murine atherosclerosis prevent necrotic core expansion by enhancing efferocytosis?

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were fed a Western-type diet, exposed to carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) or air . Carbogen reduced plaque hypoxia (-40%) and necrotic core size (-37%) in advanced plaques of the aortic root (-32%) and arch (-84%) In vitro, in vitro, hypoxycytosis hampered efferocytosis by bone marrow-derived macrophages .

Carbogen restored murine plaque oxygenation and prevented necrotic core expansion by enhancing efferocytosis, likely via Mer tyrosine kinase. Thus, plaque hypoxia is causally related to necrotic core expansion.

yes

### Human: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were fed a Western-type diet, exposed to carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) or air . Carbogen reduced plaque hypoxia (-40%) and necrotic core size (-37%) in advanced plaques of the aortic root (-32%) and arch (-84%) In vitro, in vitro, hypoxycytosis hampered efferocytosis by bone marrow-derived macrophages . Does reversal of hypoxia in murine atherosclerosis prevent necrotic core expansion by enhancing efferocytosis?### Assistant: Carbogen restored murine plaque oxygenation and prevented necrotic core expansion by enhancing efferocytosis, likely via Mer tyrosine kinase. Thus, plaque hypoxia is causally related to necrotic core expansion.

Carbogen restored murine plaque oxygenation and prevented necrotic core expansion by enhancing efferocytosis, likely via Mer

Is insulin secretion from beta cells in intact mouse islets targeted towards the vasculature?

The spatial location of granule fusion was identified by live-cell two-photon imaging of mouse pancreatic beta cells within intact islets . 3D immunofluorescence of islets showed structural proteins, such as liprin, piccolo and Rab2-interacting molecule, were present in beta cells and enriched at the vascular face . In contrast, syntaxin 1A and synaptosomal-associated protein 25kDa (SNAP25) were relatively evenly distributed across the beta cells .

Our results show that beta cells in situ, within intact islets, are polarised and target insulin secretion. This evidence for an 'endocrine synapse' has wide implications for our understanding of stimulus-secretion coupling in healthy islets and in disease.

yes

### Human: The spatial location of granule fusion was identified by live-cell two-photon imaging of mouse pancreatic beta cells within intact islets . 3D immunofluorescence of islets showed structural proteins, such as liprin, piccolo and Rab2-interacting molecule, were present in beta cells and enriched at the vascular face . In contrast, syntaxin 1A and synaptosomal-associated protein 25kDa (SNAP25) were relatively evenly distributed across the beta cells . Is insulin secretion from beta cells in intact mouse islets targeted towards the vasculature?### Assistant: Our results show that beta cells in situ, within intact islets, are polarised and target insulin secretion. This evidence for an 'endocrine synapse' has wide implications for our understanding of stimulus-secretion coupling in healthy islets and in disease.

Evidence for an 'endocrine synapse' has wide implications for our understanding of stimulus-secretion coupling in healthy islets and in

Is omitting radiotherapy in early positron emission tomography-negative stage I/II Hodgkin lymphoma associated with an increased risk of early relapse : Clinical results of the preplanned interim analysis of the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial?

The EORTC/LYSA/FIL Intergroup H10 trial evaluated whether involved-node radiotherapy (IN-RT) could be omitted without compromising progression-free survival . The independent data monitoring committee concluded it was unlikely that we would show noninferiority in the final results for the experimental arm and advised stopping random assignment for early PET-negative patients . The analysis included 1,137 patients. In the favorable subgroup, 85.8% had a negative early PET scan (standard arm, one event v experimental arm, nine events).

On the basis of this analysis, combined-modality treatment resulted in fewer early progressions in clinical stage I/II HL, although early outcome was excellent in both arms. The final analysis will reveal whether this finding is maintained over time.

yes

### Human: The EORTC/LYSA/FIL Intergroup H10 trial evaluated whether involved-node radiotherapy (IN-RT) could be omitted without compromising progression-free survival . The independent data monitoring committee concluded it was unlikely that we would show noninferiority in the final results for the experimental arm and advised stopping random assignment for early PET-negative patients . The analysis included 1,137 patients. In the favorable subgroup, 85.8% had a negative early PET scan (standard arm, one event v experimental arm, nine events). Is omitting radiotherapy in early positron emission tomography-negative stage I/II Hodgkin lymphoma associated with an increased risk of early relapse : Clinical results of the preplanned interim analysis of the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial?### Assistant: On the basis of this analysis, combined-modality treatment resulted in fewer early progressions in clinical stage I/II HL, although early outcome was excellent in both arms. The final analysis will reveal whether this finding is maintained over time.

Combined-modality treatment resulted in fewer early progressions in clinical stage I/II HL, although early outcome was excellent in both arms

Is day-3 embryo metabolomics in the spent culture media altered in obese women undergoing in vitro fertilization?

The metabolomic profile of the spent culture media (SCM) of day-3 embryos is different in obese and normoweight women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) The untargeted metabolomic profiles were found to be similar in obese women with or without PCOS . Most of the metabolites identified were saturated fatty acids, which were detected in lower concentrations in the SCM of embryos from obese women . The metabolomics profile was similar in obesity women with PCOS or without it .

The metabolomic profile in the SCM of day-3 embryos is different in normoweight and obese women. Saturated fatty acids seem to be reduced when embryos from obese patients are present.

yes

### Human: The metabolomic profile of the spent culture media (SCM) of day-3 embryos is different in obese and normoweight women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) The untargeted metabolomic profiles were found to be similar in obese women with or without PCOS . Most of the metabolites identified were saturated fatty acids, which were detected in lower concentrations in the SCM of embryos from obese women . The metabolomics profile was similar in obesity women with PCOS or without it . Is day-3 embryo metabolomics in the spent culture media altered in obese women undergoing in vitro fertilization?### Assistant: The metabolomic profile in the SCM of day-3 embryos is different in normoweight and obese women. Saturated fatty acids seem to be reduced when embryos from obese patients are present.

The metabolomic profile in the SCM of day-3 embryos is different in normoweight and obese women . Saturated fatty acids

Does selenium inhibit Homocysteine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Apoptosis via Activation of AKT?

Selenium prevented homocysteine-induced endothelial injury and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation . Selenium reversed the impaired viability and migration of endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner . It also increased the expression and phosphorylation of endotheric nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) in a dosage-dependent way . Selium inhibited the apoptosis of cells by downregulating Caspase-3 activity and expression of Caspases-3 and Bax, and by stimulating Bcl-2 expression .

Selenium protected against homocysteine-induced dysfunction and apoptosis of endothelial cells through AKT pathway. The observations may provide novel therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of CVD.

yes

### Human: Selenium prevented homocysteine-induced endothelial injury and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation . Selenium reversed the impaired viability and migration of endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner . It also increased the expression and phosphorylation of endotheric nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) in a dosage-dependent way . Selium inhibited the apoptosis of cells by downregulating Caspase-3 activity and expression of Caspases-3 and Bax, and by stimulating Bcl-2 expression . Does selenium inhibit Homocysteine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Apoptosis via Activation of AKT?### Assistant: Selenium protected against homocysteine-induced dysfunction and apoptosis of endothelial cells through AKT pathway. The observations may provide novel therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of CVD.

Selenium protected against homocysteine-induced dysfunction and apoptosis of endothelial cells through AKT pathway . The observations may provide

Is beneficial effects of garlic on learning and memory deficits and brain tissue damages induced by lead exposure during juvenile rat growth comparable to the effect of ascorbic acid?

The neuroprotective effects of both garlic and ascorbic acid (AA) have been documented . The effects of garlic and AA on memory deficits and brain tissue oxidative damages induced by lead exposure was investigated . The study found that the total thiol concentration in brain tissues was significantly lower while, MDA was higher than Control . Treatment by both garlic or AA increased total thol concentrations and decreased MDA . Both garlic and Ascorbics also decreased the lead content of brain tissues .

It is suggested that treatment with garlic attenuates the learning and memory impairments due to lead exposure during juvenile rat growth which is comparable to AA. The possible mechanism may be due to its protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage as well the lowering effects of brain lead content.

yes

### Human: The neuroprotective effects of both garlic and ascorbic acid (AA) have been documented . The effects of garlic and AA on memory deficits and brain tissue oxidative damages induced by lead exposure was investigated . The study found that the total thiol concentration in brain tissues was significantly lower while, MDA was higher than Control . Treatment by both garlic or AA increased total thol concentrations and decreased MDA . Both garlic and Ascorbics also decreased the lead content of brain tissues . Is beneficial effects of garlic on learning and memory deficits and brain tissue damages induced by lead exposure during juvenile rat growth comparable to the effect of ascorbic acid?### Assistant: It is suggested that treatment with garlic attenuates the learning and memory impairments due to lead exposure during juvenile rat growth which is comparable to AA. The possible mechanism may be due to its protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage as well the lowering effects of brain lead content.

The possible mechanism may be due to its protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage as well the lowering effects of brain lead content .

Does addition of 18F-FDG-PET scan to radiotherapy planning of thoracic lymphoma?

FDG-PET scans are acquired for similar diagnostic reasons as CT but not used in the radiotherapy (RT) planning process . Successful tumourcidal dose is usually delivered but large volumes of normal and non-malignant tissues are irradiated due to the nature of lymphoma and also to the subjectivity of the field determining process . This study tries to lessen subjectivity by the addition of currently acquired PET to the conventional thoracic lymphoma RT . Inferior tumour extents were confirmed in 6/10 cases whereas in 2/10 patients GTV(CT) was greater than 12.0 cm inferior compared to PET . In CT, masses up to 367.2 cm3 were outlined .

FDG-PET data can be introduced to current thoracic lymphoma RT planning protocol with minimal intervention and changes. The subjectivity in the RT planning of thoracic lymphoma would be decreased with the addition of currently acquired FDG-PET data.

yes

### Human: FDG-PET scans are acquired for similar diagnostic reasons as CT but not used in the radiotherapy (RT) planning process . Successful tumourcidal dose is usually delivered but large volumes of normal and non-malignant tissues are irradiated due to the nature of lymphoma and also to the subjectivity of the field determining process . This study tries to lessen subjectivity by the addition of currently acquired PET to the conventional thoracic lymphoma RT . Inferior tumour extents were confirmed in 6/10 cases whereas in 2/10 patients GTV(CT) was greater than 12.0 cm inferior compared to PET . In CT, masses up to 367.2 cm3 were outlined . Does addition of 18F-FDG-PET scan to radiotherapy planning of thoracic lymphoma?### Assistant: FDG-PET data can be introduced to current thoracic lymphoma RT planning protocol with minimal intervention and changes. The subjectivity in the RT planning of thoracic lymphoma would be decreased with the addition of currently acquired FDG-PET data.

FDG-PET data can be introduced to current thoracic lymphoma RT planning protocol with minimal intervention and changes . The subjectivity

Is restoration of immune system function accelerated in immunocompromised mice by the B-cell-tropic isoxazole R-11?

Isoxazole R-11 increased the content of CD19+ cells in the spleens and lymph nodes with a concomitant decrease of CD3+ and CD4+ cells . The compound significantly accelerated restoration of both cellular and humoral immune responses, elevated the numbers of circulating leukocytes and splenocytes and normalized the blood cell picture . The ability to affect interleukin- 6 (IL-6) production was determined in the whole human blood cell culture .

We demonstrated that R-11 is likely a B-cell tropic agent which can restore both cellular and humoral immune responses in immunocompromised mice and may have a potential to be applied in therapy of immunocompromised patients.

yes

### Human: Isoxazole R-11 increased the content of CD19+ cells in the spleens and lymph nodes with a concomitant decrease of CD3+ and CD4+ cells . The compound significantly accelerated restoration of both cellular and humoral immune responses, elevated the numbers of circulating leukocytes and splenocytes and normalized the blood cell picture . The ability to affect interleukin- 6 (IL-6) production was determined in the whole human blood cell culture . Is restoration of immune system function accelerated in immunocompromised mice by the B-cell-tropic isoxazole R-11?### Assistant: We demonstrated that R-11 is likely a B-cell tropic agent which can restore both cellular and humoral immune responses in immunocompromised mice and may have a potential to be applied in therapy of immunocompromised patients.

R-11 is likely a B-cell tropic agent which can restore both cellular and humoral immune responses in immunocomprom

Do histone deacetylase inhibitors decrease proliferation potential and multilineage differentiation capability of human mesenchymal stem cells?

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an important therapeutic target in cancer . Two of the main anticancer mechanisms of HDAC inhibitors are induction of terminal differentiation and inhibition of cell proliferation . We treated mesenchymal stem cells that originated from adipose tissue or umbilical cord blood with valproic acid (VPA) and sodium butyrate (NaBu) to treat MSCs . VPA and NaBu decreased the efficiency of adipogenic, neurogenic and chondrogenic differentiation . In contrast, osteogenic differentiation was elevated by HDAC inhibitor treatment .

HDAC activity is essential for maintaining the self-renewal and pluripotency of MSCs.

yes

### Human: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an important therapeutic target in cancer . Two of the main anticancer mechanisms of HDAC inhibitors are induction of terminal differentiation and inhibition of cell proliferation . We treated mesenchymal stem cells that originated from adipose tissue or umbilical cord blood with valproic acid (VPA) and sodium butyrate (NaBu) to treat MSCs . VPA and NaBu decreased the efficiency of adipogenic, neurogenic and chondrogenic differentiation . In contrast, osteogenic differentiation was elevated by HDAC inhibitor treatment . Do histone deacetylase inhibitors decrease proliferation potential and multilineage differentiation capability of human mesenchymal stem cells?### Assistant: HDAC activity is essential for maintaining the self-renewal and pluripotency of MSCs.

HDAC activity is essential for maintaining the self-renewal and pluripotency of MSCs . HDAC activity was

Do gene-specific signatures of elevated non-synonymous substitution rates correlate poorly across the Plasmodium genus?

Comparative genome analyses of parasites allow large scale investigation of selective pressures shaping their evolution . An acute limitation to such analysis of Plasmodium falciparum is that there is only very partial low-coverage genome sequence of the most closely related species, the chimpanzee parasite P. reichenowi . However, if orthologous genes have been under similar selective pressures throughout the PlasModium genus then positive selection on the P. falcipsarum lineage might be predicted to some extent .

The inability to predict positive selection on a gene in one lineage by identifying elevated dN/dS ratios in the orthologue within another lineage needs to be noted, as it reflects that adaptive mutations are generally rare events that lead to fixation in individual lineages. Thus it is essential to complete the genome sequences of particular species of phylogenetic importance, such as P. reichenowi.

yes

### Human: Comparative genome analyses of parasites allow large scale investigation of selective pressures shaping their evolution . An acute limitation to such analysis of Plasmodium falciparum is that there is only very partial low-coverage genome sequence of the most closely related species, the chimpanzee parasite P. reichenowi . However, if orthologous genes have been under similar selective pressures throughout the PlasModium genus then positive selection on the P. falcipsarum lineage might be predicted to some extent . Do gene-specific signatures of elevated non-synonymous substitution rates correlate poorly across the Plasmodium genus?### Assistant: The inability to predict positive selection on a gene in one lineage by identifying elevated dN/dS ratios in the orthologue within another lineage needs to be noted, as it reflects that adaptive mutations are generally rare events that lead to fixation in individual lineages. Thus it is essential to complete the genome sequences of particular species of phylogenetic importance, such as P. reichenowi.

The inability to predict positive selection on a gene in one lineage by identifying elevated dN/dS ratios in the orthologue within another

Does vitamin A maintain the airway epithelium in a murine model of asthma by suppressing glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper?

The effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) on the repair of the airway epithelium in asthma are controversial . Vitamin A (VA) is involved in the regulation of the MAPK-ERK pathway but has not been widely supplied during asthma treatment . It is unclear whether VA attenuates the negative regulation of GILZ on the pathway and maintains airway epithelium integration during asthma treatment, study found . Study indicated that GILz expression was decreased and that the ratios of p-Raf-1, p-MEK/MEK, and p-Erk1/2/Erk

Vitamin A maintained the Dex-treated asthma airway epithelium via the down-regulation of GILZ expression and the activation MAPK-ERK signaling, and these effects might contribute to improving the effects of GC therapeutics on asthma.

yes

### Human: The effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) on the repair of the airway epithelium in asthma are controversial . Vitamin A (VA) is involved in the regulation of the MAPK-ERK pathway but has not been widely supplied during asthma treatment . It is unclear whether VA attenuates the negative regulation of GILZ on the pathway and maintains airway epithelium integration during asthma treatment, study found . Study indicated that GILz expression was decreased and that the ratios of p-Raf-1, p-MEK/MEK, and p-Erk1/2/Erk Does vitamin A maintain the airway epithelium in a murine model of asthma by suppressing glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper?### Assistant: Vitamin A maintained the Dex-treated asthma airway epithelium via the down-regulation of GILZ expression and the activation MAPK-ERK signaling, and these effects might contribute to improving the effects of GC therapeutics on asthma.

Vitamin A maintained asthma airway epithelium via down-regulation of GILZ expression and activation MAPK-ERK signaling .

Does attachment style contribute to the outcome of a multimodal lifestyle intervention?

Attachment style was analyzed by the Adult Attachment Prototype Rating (AAPR) inventory and its relation to a one-year weight reduction program was studied . The patient-therapist-relationship was assessed using the Helping Alliance Questionnaire . A significantly higher weight-reduction was found in securely (SAI) compared to insecurely attached individuals (UAI) This estimation correlated positively also to the quality of helping alliance (p = 0.004) The study included 44 obese patients .

The frequency of insecure attachment in obese individuals was comparable to that of the normal population. Our data suggest a greater weight-reduction for SAI than for UAI, and the patient-therapist relationship was rated more positively. The conclusion can be drawn that a patient's attachment style plays a role in an interdisciplinary treatment program for obesity and has an influence on the effort to lose weight.

yes

### Human: Attachment style was analyzed by the Adult Attachment Prototype Rating (AAPR) inventory and its relation to a one-year weight reduction program was studied . The patient-therapist-relationship was assessed using the Helping Alliance Questionnaire . A significantly higher weight-reduction was found in securely (SAI) compared to insecurely attached individuals (UAI) This estimation correlated positively also to the quality of helping alliance (p = 0.004) The study included 44 obese patients . Does attachment style contribute to the outcome of a multimodal lifestyle intervention?### Assistant: The frequency of insecure attachment in obese individuals was comparable to that of the normal population. Our data suggest a greater weight-reduction for SAI than for UAI, and the patient-therapist relationship was rated more positively. The conclusion can be drawn that a patient's attachment style plays a role in an interdisciplinary treatment program for obesity and has an influence on the effort to lose weight.

The frequency of insecure attachment in obese individuals was comparable to that of the normal population . Our data suggest a greater weight-reduction for

Do better estimation of protein-DNA interaction parameters improve prediction of functional sites?

E. coli Catabolic Activator Protein (CAP) was studied by bioinformatic analysis . We found that bioinformatics scores based on SELEX SAGE data does better in terms of prediction of physical binding energies as well as in detecting functional sites . We also checked predicted genome sites for conservation in the related species S. typhimurium. We also found that SELEx SAGE scores do better in . terms of . prediction of in vitro binding sites (and especially functional ones) in the E.Colombia genome .

We think that training binding site detection algorithms on datasets from binding assays lead to better prediction. The improvements in accuracy came from the unbiased nature of the SELEX dataset rather than from the number of sites available. We believe that with progress in short-read sequencing technology, one could use SELEX methods to characterize binding affinities of many low specificity transcription factors.

yes

### Human: E. coli Catabolic Activator Protein (CAP) was studied by bioinformatic analysis . We found that bioinformatics scores based on SELEX SAGE data does better in terms of prediction of physical binding energies as well as in detecting functional sites . We also checked predicted genome sites for conservation in the related species S. typhimurium. We also found that SELEx SAGE scores do better in . terms of . prediction of in vitro binding sites (and especially functional ones) in the E.Colombia genome . Do better estimation of protein-DNA interaction parameters improve prediction of functional sites?### Assistant: We think that training binding site detection algorithms on datasets from binding assays lead to better prediction. The improvements in accuracy came from the unbiased nature of the SELEX dataset rather than from the number of sites available. We believe that with progress in short-read sequencing technology, one could use SELEX methods to characterize binding affinities of many low specificity transcription factors.

We think that training binding site detection algorithms on datasets from binding assays lead to better prediction . The improvements in accuracy came from the unbiased

Does early growth response gene-2 ( Egr-2 ) regulate the development of B and T cells?

Egr-2 deficiency results in impaired NKT cell development and defective positive selection of T cells . Forced expression of Egr1, 2 and 3 in CD2(+) lymphocytes resulted in a severe reduction of CD4(+)CD8(+) cells in thymus and pro-B cells in bone marrow . In contrast to reduction of DP cells, Egr2 enhanced the maturation of DP cell maturation into single positive (SP) T and NKT cells . Retraction of EGr-2 is important for the activation of lineage differentiation programs, suggests that retraction is important .

Our results demonstrate that Egr-2 expressed in restricted stages of lymphocyte development plays a dynamic, but similar role for the development of T, NKT and B cells.

yes

### Human: Egr-2 deficiency results in impaired NKT cell development and defective positive selection of T cells . Forced expression of Egr1, 2 and 3 in CD2(+) lymphocytes resulted in a severe reduction of CD4(+)CD8(+) cells in thymus and pro-B cells in bone marrow . In contrast to reduction of DP cells, Egr2 enhanced the maturation of DP cell maturation into single positive (SP) T and NKT cells . Retraction of EGr-2 is important for the activation of lineage differentiation programs, suggests that retraction is important . Does early growth response gene-2 ( Egr-2 ) regulate the development of B and T cells?### Assistant: Our results demonstrate that Egr-2 expressed in restricted stages of lymphocyte development plays a dynamic, but similar role for the development of T, NKT and B cells.

Egr-2 plays a similar role for the development of T, NKT and B cells .

Does nonlinear association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of fall in Japan?

To examine the nonlinear association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of falls, we analyzed the cross-sectional data of Minamifurano-town Aging Study . Seven hundred forty-three noninstitutionalized older persons aged 65 yrs or older were mailed a self-administered questionnaire in June 2002 in which they were asked about the incidence . The association of . higher . level functional capacity according to the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) index of competence was examined .

We have proposed the use of nonlinear model in estimating the incidence of falls with respect to the total score of the TMIG index of competence. The association of varying total score with the incidence of falls in women diverged from the linearity assumption. The gender-based difference in the association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of falls might be related to societal role or activity-related aspects.

yes

### Human: To examine the nonlinear association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of falls, we analyzed the cross-sectional data of Minamifurano-town Aging Study . Seven hundred forty-three noninstitutionalized older persons aged 65 yrs or older were mailed a self-administered questionnaire in June 2002 in which they were asked about the incidence . The association of . higher . level functional capacity according to the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) index of competence was examined . Does nonlinear association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of fall in Japan?### Assistant: We have proposed the use of nonlinear model in estimating the incidence of falls with respect to the total score of the TMIG index of competence. The association of varying total score with the incidence of falls in women diverged from the linearity assumption. The gender-based difference in the association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of falls might be related to societal role or activity-related aspects.

The association of varying total score with the incidence of falls in women diverged from the linearity assumption . The gender-based difference in

Are changes of serum beta-endorphin by programmed exercise training correlated with improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life in female mitral valve prolapse syndrome?

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a minor disease, but it may cause annoying symptoms that impair quality of life (QOL) The aim of this study is to examine whether programmed exercise training by treadmill in female MVP syndrome would improve clinical symptoms and QOL . The mean serum beta-endorphin increased from 0.5 to 1.68 ng/ml (p = 0.001) in the exercise group (n = 18) after 12 weeks exercise . Major symptoms of MVP such as chest pain, palpitation, fatigue were improved significantly by the assessment of MVP symptom checklist .

Through programmed exercise training in these MVP females, the improvement of symptoms and QOL is parallel to the increase of serum beta-endorphin. This result implicates that MVP females should initiate exercise to tackle this annoying problem.

yes

### Human: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a minor disease, but it may cause annoying symptoms that impair quality of life (QOL) The aim of this study is to examine whether programmed exercise training by treadmill in female MVP syndrome would improve clinical symptoms and QOL . The mean serum beta-endorphin increased from 0.5 to 1.68 ng/ml (p = 0.001) in the exercise group (n = 18) after 12 weeks exercise . Major symptoms of MVP such as chest pain, palpitation, fatigue were improved significantly by the assessment of MVP symptom checklist . Are changes of serum beta-endorphin by programmed exercise training correlated with improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life in female mitral valve prolapse syndrome?### Assistant: Through programmed exercise training in these MVP females, the improvement of symptoms and QOL is parallel to the increase of serum beta-endorphin. This result implicates that MVP females should initiate exercise to tackle this annoying problem.

Exercise training in these MVP females is parallel to the increase of serum beta-endorphin . This result implicates that MVP females should

Does [ MEKK2 regulate the production of interleukin 2 ]?

MEKK2 and JNK kinase activities were measured in both dominant negative MEKK 2 Jurkat (dnMEKK2 Jurkat) cells and parental Jurkat cells . IL-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot . The level of IL-1 mRNA and IL-3 protein were increased in parental Jurk cells but not in dnMEKK1 Jurk2 Jurk . After stimulation by PHA/anti-CD28, JNK was activated in . parental Jurcat cells but . not in . dnMeKK2 Jurk2  cells .

MEKK2 plays an important role on the production of IL-2 in Jurkat cell stimulated with PHA/anti-CD28 antibody. It is a potential drug target for the treatment of GVHD and autoimmune disease.

yes

### Human: MEKK2 and JNK kinase activities were measured in both dominant negative MEKK 2 Jurkat (dnMEKK2 Jurkat) cells and parental Jurkat cells . IL-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot . The level of IL-1 mRNA and IL-3 protein were increased in parental Jurk cells but not in dnMEKK1 Jurk2 Jurk . After stimulation by PHA/anti-CD28, JNK was activated in . parental Jurcat cells but . not in . dnMeKK2 Jurk2  cells . Does [ MEKK2 regulate the production of interleukin 2 ]?### Assistant: MEKK2 plays an important role on the production of IL-2 in Jurkat cell stimulated with PHA/anti-CD28 antibody. It is a potential drug target for the treatment of GVHD and autoimmune disease.

MEKK2 plays an important role on the production of IL-2 in Jurkat cell stimulated with PHA/anti-CD28

Does o-GlcNAcase deficiency suppress skeletal myogenesis and insulin sensitivity in mice through the modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis?

O-GlcNAcylation is implicated in modulating mitochondrial function, which is closely involved in regulating muscle metabolism . Mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 months . OGA overexpression had no significant effect on insulin sensitivity but sufficiently improved the insulin resistance induced by D-GlaNAc treatment . Knockdown of OGA in C2C12 myoblasts promoted PGC-1α degradation, resulting in the suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis and myogenesis .

These data suggest that OGA can modulate mitochondrial density via PGC-1α and mitochondrial function via protein O-GlcNAcylation. In this manner, OGA appears to play a key role in myogenesis and the development of muscle insulin resistance.

yes

### Human: O-GlcNAcylation is implicated in modulating mitochondrial function, which is closely involved in regulating muscle metabolism . Mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 months . OGA overexpression had no significant effect on insulin sensitivity but sufficiently improved the insulin resistance induced by D-GlaNAc treatment . Knockdown of OGA in C2C12 myoblasts promoted PGC-1α degradation, resulting in the suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis and myogenesis . Does o-GlcNAcase deficiency suppress skeletal myogenesis and insulin sensitivity in mice through the modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis?### Assistant: These data suggest that OGA can modulate mitochondrial density via PGC-1α and mitochondrial function via protein O-GlcNAcylation. In this manner, OGA appears to play a key role in myogenesis and the development of muscle insulin resistance.

These data suggest that OGA can modulate mitochondrial density via PGC-1α and mitochondrial function via protein O-GlcNA

Is two-year decline in vision but not hearing associated with memory decline in very old adults in a population-based sample?

Study aimed to determine whether marked declines in performance on screening measures of either visual acuity or auditory thresholds have an effect on cognitive decline over 2 years . The nature of the association is still unclear, particularly with respect to whether sensory and cognitive function are causally related . Decline in hearing was not associated with decline in any cognitive domain . Declining in visual acuituity had a significant effect on memory decline, but not on verbal ability or processing speed . Declines in hearing were not linked to decline in memory, verbal ability, processing speed and hearing .

The common association between visual acuity, auditory thresholds and cognitive function observed in cross-sectional studies appears to be disassociated in longitudinal studies.

yes

### Human: Study aimed to determine whether marked declines in performance on screening measures of either visual acuity or auditory thresholds have an effect on cognitive decline over 2 years . The nature of the association is still unclear, particularly with respect to whether sensory and cognitive function are causally related . Decline in hearing was not associated with decline in any cognitive domain . Declining in visual acuituity had a significant effect on memory decline, but not on verbal ability or processing speed . Declines in hearing were not linked to decline in memory, verbal ability, processing speed and hearing . Is two-year decline in vision but not hearing associated with memory decline in very old adults in a population-based sample?### Assistant: The common association between visual acuity, auditory thresholds and cognitive function observed in cross-sectional studies appears to be disassociated in longitudinal studies.

Common association between visual acuity, auditory thresholds and cognitive function appears to be disassociated in longitudinal studies .

Does flow-induced arterial remodeling relate to endothelial function in the human forearm?

Arterial remodeling is a response to local changes in endothelial shear stress and is nitric oxide-dependent . Remodeling correlated inversely with the increase in blood flow and flow-mediated dilation at baseline (r=0.50, P=0 .50) Remodeled correlated with the increased blood flow, diameter, and flow . The contralateral ulnar artery was unaffected, suggesting that these findings were not attributable to the systemic effects of medications or the postoperative state .

A sustained increase in blood flow in the ulnar artery induced outward arterial remodeling despite the presence of risk factors and coronary artery disease. The remodeling response was related to endothelial phenotype, as reflected by flow-mediated dilation and expression of P-selectin. These findings provide evidence that the endothelium plays an important role in the regulation of vascular structure in humans.

yes

### Human: Arterial remodeling is a response to local changes in endothelial shear stress and is nitric oxide-dependent . Remodeling correlated inversely with the increase in blood flow and flow-mediated dilation at baseline (r=0.50, P=0 .50) Remodeled correlated with the increased blood flow, diameter, and flow . The contralateral ulnar artery was unaffected, suggesting that these findings were not attributable to the systemic effects of medications or the postoperative state . Does flow-induced arterial remodeling relate to endothelial function in the human forearm?### Assistant: A sustained increase in blood flow in the ulnar artery induced outward arterial remodeling despite the presence of risk factors and coronary artery disease. The remodeling response was related to endothelial phenotype, as reflected by flow-mediated dilation and expression of P-selectin. These findings provide evidence that the endothelium plays an important role in the regulation of vascular structure in humans.

A sustained increase in blood flow in the ulnar artery induced outward arterial remodeling despite the presence of risk factors and coronary artery disease

Is n-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide associated with aortic stiffness in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction?

Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been demonstrated to be the functional surrogate of aortic stiffness . Patients with a PWV above the median showed significantly higher NT-proBNP peak concentrations (median=1330 ng/l, IQR: 729-3180ng/l vs median=498 ng/L) Aorti PWV (beta=0.373, p=0 .373) was independently associated with NT-ProBNP peaks even after correction for LV function .

In patients with AMI, aortic PWV is independently associated with NT-proBNP concentrations. This finding suggests an impact of aortic PWV on myocardial wall stress after AMI.

yes

### Human: Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been demonstrated to be the functional surrogate of aortic stiffness . Patients with a PWV above the median showed significantly higher NT-proBNP peak concentrations (median=1330 ng/l, IQR: 729-3180ng/l vs median=498 ng/L) Aorti PWV (beta=0.373, p=0 .373) was independently associated with NT-ProBNP peaks even after correction for LV function . Is n-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide associated with aortic stiffness in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction?### Assistant: In patients with AMI, aortic PWV is independently associated with NT-proBNP concentrations. This finding suggests an impact of aortic PWV on myocardial wall stress after AMI.

In patients with AMI, aortic PWV is independently associated with NT-proBNP concentrations . This finding suggests impact of

Does a20 modulate lipid metabolism and energy production to promote liver regeneration?

NF-κB inhibitory protein A20 significantly improves recovery of liver function and mass following extended liver resection (LR) in mice . A20 overexpression impacted 1595 genes that were enriched for biological processes related to inflammatory and immune responses, cellular proliferation, energy production, oxidoreductase activity, and lipid and fatty acid metabolism . These pathways were modulated by A20 in a manner that favored decreased inflammation, heightened proliferation, and optimized metabolic control and energy production . This resulted in greater energy production in A20-expressing livers following LR .

This Systems Biology-based analysis unravels novel mechanisms supporting the pro-regenerative function of A20 in the liver, by optimizing energy production through improved lipid/fatty acid metabolism, and down-regulated inflammation. These findings support pursuit of A20-based therapies to improve patients' outcomes in the context of extreme liver injury and extensive LR for tumor treatment or donation.

yes

### Human: NF-κB inhibitory protein A20 significantly improves recovery of liver function and mass following extended liver resection (LR) in mice . A20 overexpression impacted 1595 genes that were enriched for biological processes related to inflammatory and immune responses, cellular proliferation, energy production, oxidoreductase activity, and lipid and fatty acid metabolism . These pathways were modulated by A20 in a manner that favored decreased inflammation, heightened proliferation, and optimized metabolic control and energy production . This resulted in greater energy production in A20-expressing livers following LR . Does a20 modulate lipid metabolism and energy production to promote liver regeneration?### Assistant: This Systems Biology-based analysis unravels novel mechanisms supporting the pro-regenerative function of A20 in the liver, by optimizing energy production through improved lipid/fatty acid metabolism, and down-regulated inflammation. These findings support pursuit of A20-based therapies to improve patients' outcomes in the context of extreme liver injury and extensive LR for tumor treatment or donation.

A20-based therapies could improve patients' outcomes in the context of extreme liver injury and extensive LR for tumor treatment or donation .

Does circulating TRAIL show a significant post-partum decline associated to stressful conditions?

Since circulating levels of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) may be important in the physiopathology of pregnancy, we tested the hypothesis that TRAIL levels change at delivery in response to stressful conditions . We conducted a longitudinal study in a cohort of 73 women examined at week 12, week 16, delivery and in the corresponding cord blood (CB) Serum TRAIL was assessed in relationship with maternal characteristics and to biochemical parameters . The subset of women with the higher decline of circulating TRAIL (41.7%) showed the following characteristics: i) nullipara, ii) higher age, iv) higher . age, i) operational vaginal delivery or urgent CS, iv (v) did not receive analgesia during labor, iv

Stressful partum conditions and elevated CRP levels are associated with a decrease of circulating TRAIL.

yes

### Human: Since circulating levels of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) may be important in the physiopathology of pregnancy, we tested the hypothesis that TRAIL levels change at delivery in response to stressful conditions . We conducted a longitudinal study in a cohort of 73 women examined at week 12, week 16, delivery and in the corresponding cord blood (CB) Serum TRAIL was assessed in relationship with maternal characteristics and to biochemical parameters . The subset of women with the higher decline of circulating TRAIL (41.7%) showed the following characteristics: i) nullipara, ii) higher age, iv) higher . age, i) operational vaginal delivery or urgent CS, iv (v) did not receive analgesia during labor, iv Does circulating TRAIL show a significant post-partum decline associated to stressful conditions?### Assistant: Stressful partum conditions and elevated CRP levels are associated with a decrease of circulating TRAIL.

Stressful partum conditions and elevated CRP levels are associated with a decrease of circulating TRAIL .

Does secondary harmonic imaging overestimate left ventricular mass compared to fundamental echocardiography?

Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . Secondary harmonic imaging improves definition of cardiac borders . We hypothesise that this overestimates left ventricular mass compared to fundamental imaging . Eleven of 30 patients had left ventriches on fundamental imaging and 17/30 on secondary harmonic imaging . The significance of left ventrial hypertrophysia in hypertension has been well documented, and is independent risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity . We propose that this may overestimate left ventilated mass compared with fundamental imaging.

Secondary harmonic imaging overestimates left ventricular mass index compared to fundamental imaging. Normal left ventricular mass index range is based on equations using fundamental imaging measurements. Management decisions and prognostic implications made on the basis of raised left ventricular mass index using secondary harmonic imaging should be done so with caution.

yes

### Human: Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . Secondary harmonic imaging improves definition of cardiac borders . We hypothesise that this overestimates left ventricular mass compared to fundamental imaging . Eleven of 30 patients had left ventriches on fundamental imaging and 17/30 on secondary harmonic imaging . The significance of left ventrial hypertrophysia in hypertension has been well documented, and is independent risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity . We propose that this may overestimate left ventilated mass compared with fundamental imaging. Does secondary harmonic imaging overestimate left ventricular mass compared to fundamental echocardiography?### Assistant: Secondary harmonic imaging overestimates left ventricular mass index compared to fundamental imaging. Normal left ventricular mass index range is based on equations using fundamental imaging measurements. Management decisions and prognostic implications made on the basis of raised left ventricular mass index using secondary harmonic imaging should be done so with caution.

Management decisions made on the basis of raised left ventricular mass index using secondary harmonic imaging should be done so with caution .

Do multiple interventions improve analgesic treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in a pediatric emergency department?

Children with painful conditions commonly present to emergency departments (EDs) in which it may be particularly difficult to consistently provide timely analgesic interventions . To measure the effectiveness of a set of interventions in improving the rate and timeliness of analgesic medication administration, as well as appropriate backslab immobilization (application of a moldable plaster or fiberglass splint) in a pediatric ED . Postintervention, the proportion of patients treated with an analgesic within 60 min of triage increased from 15% to 54% (P<0.001)

A multifaceted approach to improving early analgesic interventions was associated with considerably improved rates of early analgesic treatments for supracondylar fracture; however, no improvement in early immobilization was observed.

yes

### Human: Children with painful conditions commonly present to emergency departments (EDs) in which it may be particularly difficult to consistently provide timely analgesic interventions . To measure the effectiveness of a set of interventions in improving the rate and timeliness of analgesic medication administration, as well as appropriate backslab immobilization (application of a moldable plaster or fiberglass splint) in a pediatric ED . Postintervention, the proportion of patients treated with an analgesic within 60 min of triage increased from 15% to 54% (P<0.001) Do multiple interventions improve analgesic treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in a pediatric emergency department?### Assistant: A multifaceted approach to improving early analgesic interventions was associated with considerably improved rates of early analgesic treatments for supracondylar fracture; however, no improvement in early immobilization was observed.

A multifaceted approach to improving early analgesic interventions was associated with considerably improved rates of early . analgesic treatments for suprac

Does the Public recognize Plastic Surgeons as Leading Experts in the Treatment of Congenital Cleft and Craniofacial Anomalies?

The aim of this study is to assess the public perception of plastic surgeons (PS) as craniofacial surgery specialists . Sociodemographic data, previous plastic surgery contact, and source of reported information were also collected . Sex, age, education level, health care professional, prior plastic surgery . was not significant (all P < 0.05) determinants of "PS" as the response in bivariate and multivariate analyses . There was a significantly poor understanding of the role of PSs in head/neck infection management, chronic facial palsy management, dental disease management .

Public recognized PSs as experts primarily in treatment of congenital cleft and craniofacial anomalies, but as the overall scope of craniofacial surgery practice was poorly understood and known, improved public education is needed.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study is to assess the public perception of plastic surgeons (PS) as craniofacial surgery specialists . Sociodemographic data, previous plastic surgery contact, and source of reported information were also collected . Sex, age, education level, health care professional, prior plastic surgery . was not significant (all P < 0.05) determinants of "PS" as the response in bivariate and multivariate analyses . There was a significantly poor understanding of the role of PSs in head/neck infection management, chronic facial palsy management, dental disease management . Does the Public recognize Plastic Surgeons as Leading Experts in the Treatment of Congenital Cleft and Craniofacial Anomalies?### Assistant: Public recognized PSs as experts primarily in treatment of congenital cleft and craniofacial anomalies, but as the overall scope of craniofacial surgery practice was poorly understood and known, improved public education is needed.

Public recognized PSs as experts primarily in treatment of congenital cleft and craniofacial anomalies . The overall scope of cranio

Does nPR1 protein regulate pathogenic and symbiotic interactions between Rhizobium and legumes and non-legumes?

Legumes are unique in their ability to establish symbiotic interaction with rhizobacteria from Rhizobium genus . Nodulation factors (NFs) produce legume root hair deformation and curling that entrap the bacteria, and allow it to grow inside the plant . Legumes and non-legumes activate defense responses when inoculated with pathogenic bacteria . One major defense pathway is mediated by salicylic acid mediated by a redox-regulated protein called NPR1 . We used Arabidopsis mutants in SA defense pathway to test the role of NPR1 in symbiotic interactions .

We show that, while NPR1 has a positive effect on pathogen resistance, it has a negative effect on symbiotic interactions, by inhibiting root hair deformation and nodulin expression. Our results also show that basic plant responses to Rhizobium inoculation are conserved in legumes and non-legumes.

yes

### Human: Legumes are unique in their ability to establish symbiotic interaction with rhizobacteria from Rhizobium genus . Nodulation factors (NFs) produce legume root hair deformation and curling that entrap the bacteria, and allow it to grow inside the plant . Legumes and non-legumes activate defense responses when inoculated with pathogenic bacteria . One major defense pathway is mediated by salicylic acid mediated by a redox-regulated protein called NPR1 . We used Arabidopsis mutants in SA defense pathway to test the role of NPR1 in symbiotic interactions . Does nPR1 protein regulate pathogenic and symbiotic interactions between Rhizobium and legumes and non-legumes?### Assistant: We show that, while NPR1 has a positive effect on pathogen resistance, it has a negative effect on symbiotic interactions, by inhibiting root hair deformation and nodulin expression. Our results also show that basic plant responses to Rhizobium inoculation are conserved in legumes and non-legumes.

NPR1 has a negative effect on symbiotic interactions, by inhibiting root hair deformation and nodulin expression . Basic plant responses to

Does short exposure to millimolar concentrations of ethanol induce apoptotic cell death in multicellular HepG2 spheroids?

1M ethanol reduces cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in HepG2 cells . In vitro liver tumors are usually three-dimensional and multicellular . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol in multicecular tumor spheroids (MCTS) as a model system in vitro . The outgrowth potential after 1 week in culture was evaluated . MCTS treated with ethanol showed almost complete inhibition of outgrowth . after a week in cultures compared to controls, compared to mice .

Small concentrations of ethanol (1 mM) induced apoptosis in HepG2 MCTS with a concomitant inhibition on outgrowth potential, accompanied with a low degree of necrosis. These findings suggest that low concentrations of ethanol may already be sufficient for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

yes

### Human: 1M ethanol reduces cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in HepG2 cells . In vitro liver tumors are usually three-dimensional and multicellular . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol in multicecular tumor spheroids (MCTS) as a model system in vitro . The outgrowth potential after 1 week in culture was evaluated . MCTS treated with ethanol showed almost complete inhibition of outgrowth . after a week in cultures compared to controls, compared to mice . Does short exposure to millimolar concentrations of ethanol induce apoptotic cell death in multicellular HepG2 spheroids?### Assistant: Small concentrations of ethanol (1 mM) induced apoptosis in HepG2 MCTS with a concomitant inhibition on outgrowth potential, accompanied with a low degree of necrosis. These findings suggest that low concentrations of ethanol may already be sufficient for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Small concentrations of ethanol (1m) induced apoptosis in HepG2 MCTS with a concomitant inhibition on outgrowth

Does orf virus interfere with MHC class I surface expression by targeting vesicular transport and Golgi?

Orf virus (ORFV), a zoonotic Parapoxvirus, causes pustular skin lesions in small ruminants (goat and sheep) Intriguingly, ORFV can repeatedly infect its host, despite the induction of a specific immunity . These immune modulating and immune evading properties are still unexplained, says the authors . They say infection of permissive cells impairs the intracellular transport of MHC class I molecules (MHC I) as a result of structural disruption .

The presented data demonstrate that ORFV down-regulates MHC I surface expression in infected cells by targeting the late vesicular export machinery and the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, which might aid to escape cellular immune recognition.

yes

### Human: Orf virus (ORFV), a zoonotic Parapoxvirus, causes pustular skin lesions in small ruminants (goat and sheep) Intriguingly, ORFV can repeatedly infect its host, despite the induction of a specific immunity . These immune modulating and immune evading properties are still unexplained, says the authors . They say infection of permissive cells impairs the intracellular transport of MHC class I molecules (MHC I) as a result of structural disruption . Does orf virus interfere with MHC class I surface expression by targeting vesicular transport and Golgi?### Assistant: The presented data demonstrate that ORFV down-regulates MHC I surface expression in infected cells by targeting the late vesicular export machinery and the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, which might aid to escape cellular immune recognition.

ORFV down-regulates MHC I surface expression in infected cells by targeting the late vesicular export machinery and the structure

Do blood specimen collection methods influence the concentration and the diagnostic validity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in blood?

MMP-9 ELISAs were performed in samples of heparin plasma and serum collected in blood tubes with and without clot accelerator . Measurements were undertaken in 78 healthy persons, 33 patients with prostate carcinoma and 33 patients . Patients with renal cell carcinoma had higher MMPs in plasma, but those with prostate cancer had unchanged MMP's concentrations . MMP was about threefold higher in serum samples collected in tubes with clot activator than in native serum samples . Patients without clot activators had higher concentrations in serum, but no patient had increased serum .

To optimise the diagnostic validity of the MMP-9 in blood, measurements should be performed in heparin plasma but not in serum.

yes

### Human: MMP-9 ELISAs were performed in samples of heparin plasma and serum collected in blood tubes with and without clot accelerator . Measurements were undertaken in 78 healthy persons, 33 patients with prostate carcinoma and 33 patients . Patients with renal cell carcinoma had higher MMPs in plasma, but those with prostate cancer had unchanged MMP's concentrations . MMP was about threefold higher in serum samples collected in tubes with clot activator than in native serum samples . Patients without clot activators had higher concentrations in serum, but no patient had increased serum . Do blood specimen collection methods influence the concentration and the diagnostic validity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in blood?### Assistant: To optimise the diagnostic validity of the MMP-9 in blood, measurements should be performed in heparin plasma but not in serum.

Measurements should be performed in heparin plasma but not in serum . MMP-9 should be used to optimise the diagnostic

Does the stromelysin-1 5A/5A genotype enhance colorectal cancer cell invasion in Iranian population?

120 colorectal cancer patients and 100 controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) The frequency of the 5A allele among affected patients (67.91%) was significantly higher than among the healthy controls (49%) At the time of diagnosis, individual who was carrying the . 5A was more represented in the M(+) subgroup than in M(-) subgroup .

Our results suggest that the presence of 5A polymorphism at the MMP-3 promoter region may favor the growth and the metastasis process in colorectal cancer patients and could be looked at as a risk factor for a worse prognosis.

yes

### Human: 120 colorectal cancer patients and 100 controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) The frequency of the 5A allele among affected patients (67.91%) was significantly higher than among the healthy controls (49%) At the time of diagnosis, individual who was carrying the . 5A was more represented in the M(+) subgroup than in M(-) subgroup . Does the stromelysin-1 5A/5A genotype enhance colorectal cancer cell invasion in Iranian population?### Assistant: Our results suggest that the presence of 5A polymorphism at the MMP-3 promoter region may favor the growth and the metastasis process in colorectal cancer patients and could be looked at as a risk factor for a worse prognosis.

5A polymorphism at the MMP-3 promoter region may favor the growth and the metastasis process in colorectal cancer

Does cIAP1 attenuate shear stress-induced hBMSC apoptosis for tissue-engineered blood vessels through the inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway?

We aim to determine the human bone mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) apoptosis under shear stress and its possible mechanism . We observed that cIAP1, a Caspase 9 inhibitor, was elevated under 3dyn/cm(2) at short-time exposure (2 or 6h), and it was reduced at long-term exposure (24h) When treated with human recombinant cell inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP) and its inhibitor, direct IAP-binding protein with low pl (DIABLO)

cIAP1 attenuates hBMSC apoptosis when cells were exposed to shear stress through the regulation of the BOK-APAF1-Caspase 9-Caspase 3 pathway. It may present a pharmacological target to enhance hBMSC biological function in the application of TEBVs.

yes

### Human: We aim to determine the human bone mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) apoptosis under shear stress and its possible mechanism . We observed that cIAP1, a Caspase 9 inhibitor, was elevated under 3dyn/cm(2) at short-time exposure (2 or 6h), and it was reduced at long-term exposure (24h) When treated with human recombinant cell inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP) and its inhibitor, direct IAP-binding protein with low pl (DIABLO) Does cIAP1 attenuate shear stress-induced hBMSC apoptosis for tissue-engineered blood vessels through the inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway?### Assistant: cIAP1 attenuates hBMSC apoptosis when cells were exposed to shear stress through the regulation of the BOK-APAF1-Caspase 9-Caspase 3 pathway. It may present a pharmacological target to enhance hBMSC biological function in the application of TEBVs.

cIAP1 attenuates hBMSC apoptosis when cells were exposed to shear stress . It may present a pharmacological

Is extracellular Hsp72 , an endogenous DAMP , released by virally infected airway epithelial cells and activates neutrophils via Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) -4?

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are generally regarded as intracellular proteins acting as molecular chaperones . However, HSP72 can also be released from cells, and the implications of this release are not fully understood . Hsp72 mediated cytokine production via activation of NF-kappaB translocation and DNA binding . Neutrophils were harvested from the bone marrow of wild type or TLR4-deficient mice prior to treatment with Hsp 72 . HSPF directly activates neutrophil-derived cytokine-derived production via the activation of TLR 4 .

Collectively these data suggest that extracellular Hsp72 is released from virally infected airway epithelial cells resulting in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils.

yes

### Human: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are generally regarded as intracellular proteins acting as molecular chaperones . However, HSP72 can also be released from cells, and the implications of this release are not fully understood . Hsp72 mediated cytokine production via activation of NF-kappaB translocation and DNA binding . Neutrophils were harvested from the bone marrow of wild type or TLR4-deficient mice prior to treatment with Hsp 72 . HSPF directly activates neutrophil-derived cytokine-derived production via the activation of TLR 4 . Is extracellular Hsp72 , an endogenous DAMP , released by virally infected airway epithelial cells and activates neutrophils via Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) -4?### Assistant: Collectively these data suggest that extracellular Hsp72 is released from virally infected airway epithelial cells resulting in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils.

Extracellular Hsp72 is released from virally infected airway epithelial cells resulting in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils

Does [ Troglitazone suppress ICAM-1 and MMP-9 expressions by up-regulating PPARγ in HeLa cells ]?

Troglitazone, a proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist, inhibited the cell viability of HeLa cells . It also significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 and increased PPARγ expression . The effects were antagonized by the application of the PPARβ antagonist GW9662 . The result of EMSA also showed significantly increased DNA binding activity of PPAR gamma in the cells exposed to troglitazeone .

The PPARγ agonist troglitazone can inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 in HeLa cells by up-regulating PPARγ.

yes

### Human: Troglitazone, a proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist, inhibited the cell viability of HeLa cells . It also significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 and increased PPARγ expression . The effects were antagonized by the application of the PPARβ antagonist GW9662 . The result of EMSA also showed significantly increased DNA binding activity of PPAR gamma in the cells exposed to troglitazeone . Does [ Troglitazone suppress ICAM-1 and MMP-9 expressions by up-regulating PPARγ in HeLa cells ]?### Assistant: The PPARγ agonist troglitazone can inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 in HeLa cells by up-regulating PPARγ.

PPARγ agonist troglitazone can inhibit ICAM-1 and MMP-9 in HeLa cells by up

Does plasma sarcosine distinguish early and advanced stages of prostate cancer?

Sarcosine (N-methylglycine) was determined in 328 cancer patients by gas chromatography (GC/mass spectroscopy) and searched for correlations with early (stage T1/T2) and advanced (stage) disease . The conventional PSA marker significantly correlated with T stage in these patients . The small differences between T1, T2, T3 and T4 patients were not statistically significant (p=0.51) However, PSA markers significantly correlated .

The median sarcosine/alanine ratios among patients with early and advanced prostatic cancer ranged from 21.6 ± 9.0 to 28.5 ± 16.6 and were fairly constant, showing no statistically significant differences between T-stages. The results are consistent with published data in urine and serum which find differences between controls and patients with metastatic prostate cancer to be small and sarcosine to be uninformative regarding prostate cancer progression. By multi-comparison of PSA with T-stages in the same group of patients, we found significant correlations confirming the well-known merits and limitations of this marker.

no

### Human: Sarcosine (N-methylglycine) was determined in 328 cancer patients by gas chromatography (GC/mass spectroscopy) and searched for correlations with early (stage T1/T2) and advanced (stage) disease . The conventional PSA marker significantly correlated with T stage in these patients . The small differences between T1, T2, T3 and T4 patients were not statistically significant (p=0.51) However, PSA markers significantly correlated . Does plasma sarcosine distinguish early and advanced stages of prostate cancer?### Assistant: The median sarcosine/alanine ratios among patients with early and advanced prostatic cancer ranged from 21.6 ± 9.0 to 28.5 ± 16.6 and were fairly constant, showing no statistically significant differences between T-stages. The results are consistent with published data in urine and serum which find differences between controls and patients with metastatic prostate cancer to be small and sarcosine to be uninformative regarding prostate cancer progression. By multi-comparison of PSA with T-stages in the same group of patients, we found significant correlations confirming the well-known merits and limitations of this marker.

Median sarcosine/alanine ratios among patients with early and advanced prostatic cancer ranged from 21.6 ± 9.0 to

Is low dietary sodium intake associated with enhanced vascular endothelial function in middle-aged and older adults with elevated systolic blood pressure?

Age and increasing systolic blood pressure (BP) are associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction, but the factors involved are incompletely understood . We tested the hypothesis that vascular function is related to dietary sodium intake among middle-aged and older adults (MA and O) with elevated systolary BP . Data were analyzed on 25 otherwise healthy adults aged 48-73 years with high normal sy stolic BP or stage I systrol hypertension (130-159 mmHg) The study found that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was 42% (mm Delta) to 52% (Delta) higher in the low versus normal sodium group .

Low sodium intake is associated with enhanced brachial artery FMD in MA and O with elevated systolic BP. These results suggest that dietary sodium restriction may be an effective intervention for improving vascular endothelial function in this high-risk group.

yes

### Human: Age and increasing systolic blood pressure (BP) are associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction, but the factors involved are incompletely understood . We tested the hypothesis that vascular function is related to dietary sodium intake among middle-aged and older adults (MA and O) with elevated systolary BP . Data were analyzed on 25 otherwise healthy adults aged 48-73 years with high normal sy stolic BP or stage I systrol hypertension (130-159 mmHg) The study found that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was 42% (mm Delta) to 52% (Delta) higher in the low versus normal sodium group . Is low dietary sodium intake associated with enhanced vascular endothelial function in middle-aged and older adults with elevated systolic blood pressure?### Assistant: Low sodium intake is associated with enhanced brachial artery FMD in MA and O with elevated systolic BP. These results suggest that dietary sodium restriction may be an effective intervention for improving vascular endothelial function in this high-risk group.

Low sodium intake is associated with enhanced brachial artery FMD in MA and O with elevated systolic BP . These results suggest

Is oncostatin M a potential agent for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders : a study in mice?

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines . It plays important roles in a variety of biological functions including the regulation of inflammatory responses . In mice deficient in OSM receptor β subunit, mice with OSM showed obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis . OSM reduced food intake, decreased lipid absorption and increased the expression of active glucagon-like peptide-1 in the intestine . In liver, OSM suppressed expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis .

We showed that OSM is a novel candidate to act as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity-induced metabolic disorders.

yes

### Human: Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines . It plays important roles in a variety of biological functions including the regulation of inflammatory responses . In mice deficient in OSM receptor β subunit, mice with OSM showed obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis . OSM reduced food intake, decreased lipid absorption and increased the expression of active glucagon-like peptide-1 in the intestine . In liver, OSM suppressed expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis . Is oncostatin M a potential agent for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders : a study in mice?### Assistant: We showed that OSM is a novel candidate to act as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity-induced metabolic disorders.

OSM is a novel candidate to act as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity-induced metabolic disorders .

Are changes in heart rate variability correlated to hemodynamic improvement with chronic CARVEDILOL therapy in heart failure?

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to predict mortality in heart failure . Relationship between improved cardiac function and improvement in HRV has not been previously studied . Treatment with carvedilol was associated with significant increases in total frequency power, very low frequency power and high frequency power . HRV had a positive correlation with change in LVEF and negative correlation with coronary sinus norepinephrine levels . Study medication was titrated over 1 month to 50 mg/day <75 kg or 100mg/day .

Carvedilol therapy in patients with CHF significantly increased HRV. Change in HRV correlates to improved hemodynamics. This suggests that carvedilol therapy partially normalizes autonomic modulation of heart rate in patients with CHF.

yes

### Human: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to predict mortality in heart failure . Relationship between improved cardiac function and improvement in HRV has not been previously studied . Treatment with carvedilol was associated with significant increases in total frequency power, very low frequency power and high frequency power . HRV had a positive correlation with change in LVEF and negative correlation with coronary sinus norepinephrine levels . Study medication was titrated over 1 month to 50 mg/day <75 kg or 100mg/day . Are changes in heart rate variability correlated to hemodynamic improvement with chronic CARVEDILOL therapy in heart failure?### Assistant: Carvedilol therapy in patients with CHF significantly increased HRV. Change in HRV correlates to improved hemodynamics. This suggests that carvedilol therapy partially normalizes autonomic modulation of heart rate in patients with CHF.

Carvedilol therapy in patients with CHF significantly increased HRV . Change in HRV correlates to improved hemodynamics . This suggests

Is granzyme B secretion by human memory CD4 T cells less strictly regulated compared to memory CD8 T cells?

GrzB protein is a serine proteinase expressed by memory T cells and NK cells . Grzb is an important mediator of cell death, tissue pathology and disease . CD8 T cells are the main source of Grz B during immunological reactions, but activated CD4 T cells deploy it as well . Memory CD4 and memory CD8 cells stored significantly more Grzb protein (~25%) compared to memory CD 4 T cells as determined by flow cytometry (~3%) . However, the difference remained stable after 24 hrs of activation .

Although measurement of intracellular GrzB by flow cytometry suggests that a larger proportion of CD8 T cells have higher capacity for GrzB production compared to CD4 T cells, ELISpot and ELISA show that similar numbers of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells secrete similar amounts of GrzB. Secretion of GrzB by activated CD8 T cells may be more tightly controlled compared to CD4 T cells.

yes

### Human: GrzB protein is a serine proteinase expressed by memory T cells and NK cells . Grzb is an important mediator of cell death, tissue pathology and disease . CD8 T cells are the main source of Grz B during immunological reactions, but activated CD4 T cells deploy it as well . Memory CD4 and memory CD8 cells stored significantly more Grzb protein (~25%) compared to memory CD 4 T cells as determined by flow cytometry (~3%) . However, the difference remained stable after 24 hrs of activation . Is granzyme B secretion by human memory CD4 T cells less strictly regulated compared to memory CD8 T cells?### Assistant: Although measurement of intracellular GrzB by flow cytometry suggests that a larger proportion of CD8 T cells have higher capacity for GrzB production compared to CD4 T cells, ELISpot and ELISA show that similar numbers of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells secrete similar amounts of GrzB. Secretion of GrzB by activated CD8 T cells may be more tightly controlled compared to CD4 T cells.

ELISpot and ELISA show that similar numbers of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells secrete similar amounts of GrzB

Does creation of an iliac arteriovenous shunt lower blood pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with hypertension?

A device for arteriovenous shunt creation in the iliac region increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery for patients with COPD . After 12 months, the average systolic blood pressure was reduced from 145 to 132 mm Hg . The procedure increased oxygen delivery and cardiac output (6-8.2 L.min(-1) and lowered both the systemic vascular resistance (P < .001) and the pulmonary vascular resistance . The average diastolic bloodpressure was reduced by 12 months .

Percutaneous iliac arteriovenous fistula creation for COPD causes a significant and persistent lowering of blood pressure in patients with co-existing hypertension.

yes

### Human: A device for arteriovenous shunt creation in the iliac region increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery for patients with COPD . After 12 months, the average systolic blood pressure was reduced from 145 to 132 mm Hg . The procedure increased oxygen delivery and cardiac output (6-8.2 L.min(-1) and lowered both the systemic vascular resistance (P < .001) and the pulmonary vascular resistance . The average diastolic bloodpressure was reduced by 12 months . Does creation of an iliac arteriovenous shunt lower blood pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with hypertension?### Assistant: Percutaneous iliac arteriovenous fistula creation for COPD causes a significant and persistent lowering of blood pressure in patients with co-existing hypertension.

Percutaneous iliac arteriovenous fistula creation for COPD causes a significant and persistent lowering of blood pressure in

Does recruitment of histone deacetylase 3 to the interferon-A gene promoters attenuate interferon expression?

Sendai virus (SeV) infection of Namalwa cells transiently induces the transcriptional expression of multiple IFN-A genes . The mechanism responsible for the attenuation of their expression remains to be determined . In this study, we demonstrate that virus infection induces transient recruitment of HDAC3 (histone deacetylase 3) to IFN A gene promoters, resulting in impaired histone H3K9 acetylation and attenuation . We also showed that recruitment of IRF7 and IRF3 correlated with inhibition of histone A/A gene transcription .

Altogether these data indicate that reversal of histone H3K9/K14 acetylation by HDAC3 is required for attenuation of IFN-A gene transcription during viral infection.

yes

### Human: Sendai virus (SeV) infection of Namalwa cells transiently induces the transcriptional expression of multiple IFN-A genes . The mechanism responsible for the attenuation of their expression remains to be determined . In this study, we demonstrate that virus infection induces transient recruitment of HDAC3 (histone deacetylase 3) to IFN A gene promoters, resulting in impaired histone H3K9 acetylation and attenuation . We also showed that recruitment of IRF7 and IRF3 correlated with inhibition of histone A/A gene transcription . Does recruitment of histone deacetylase 3 to the interferon-A gene promoters attenuate interferon expression?### Assistant: Altogether these data indicate that reversal of histone H3K9/K14 acetylation by HDAC3 is required for attenuation of IFN-A gene transcription during viral infection.

HDAC3 is required for attenuation of IFN-A gene transcription during viral infection .

Does pirfenidone attenuate the IL-1β-induced hyaluronic acid increase in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy?

Study aimed to investigate the effect of pirfenidone on IL-1β-induced hyaluronic acid (HA) increase in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) Pirfenidones showed greater potency than dexamethasone in inhibiting increases in HA . IL--1b-induced HA release was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner . The IL-2b was significantly reduced at the mRNA and protein levels following cotreatment with pirfenidsone .

Pirfenidone attenuates the IL-1β-induced HA production in orbital fibroblasts from patients with TAO, at least in part, through suppression of the MAPK-mediated HAS expression. These results support the potential use of pirfenidone for treatment of patients with TAO.

yes

### Human: Study aimed to investigate the effect of pirfenidone on IL-1β-induced hyaluronic acid (HA) increase in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) Pirfenidones showed greater potency than dexamethasone in inhibiting increases in HA . IL--1b-induced HA release was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner . The IL-2b was significantly reduced at the mRNA and protein levels following cotreatment with pirfenidsone . Does pirfenidone attenuate the IL-1β-induced hyaluronic acid increase in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy?### Assistant: Pirfenidone attenuates the IL-1β-induced HA production in orbital fibroblasts from patients with TAO, at least in part, through suppression of the MAPK-mediated HAS expression. These results support the potential use of pirfenidone for treatment of patients with TAO.

Pirfenidone attenuates the IL-1β-induced HA production in orbital fibroblasts from patients with TAO .

Does shedding of syndecan-1 from human hepatocytes alter very low density lipoprotein clearance?

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 mediates hepatic clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in mice . In human cells, phorbol myristic acid induces syndecAn-1 shedding, resulting in accumulation of syndecans in the medium . Shedding occurs through a protein kinase C-dependent activation of ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) in cells . Syndecan also undergoes spontaneous shedding from primary human and murine hepatocytes and Hep3B cells .

These findings suggest that syndecan-1 mediates hepatic VLDL turnover in humans as well as in mice and that shedding might contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in patients with sepsis.

yes

### Human: Heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 mediates hepatic clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in mice . In human cells, phorbol myristic acid induces syndecAn-1 shedding, resulting in accumulation of syndecans in the medium . Shedding occurs through a protein kinase C-dependent activation of ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) in cells . Syndecan also undergoes spontaneous shedding from primary human and murine hepatocytes and Hep3B cells . Does shedding of syndecan-1 from human hepatocytes alter very low density lipoprotein clearance?### Assistant: These findings suggest that syndecan-1 mediates hepatic VLDL turnover in humans as well as in mice and that shedding might contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in patients with sepsis.

syndecan-1 mediates hepatic VLDL turnover in humans as well as in mice . shedding might contribute to hypertr

Does eplerenone attenuate pulse wave reflection in chronic kidney disease stage 3-4 -- a randomized controlled study?

Patients with chronic kidney disease have high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity associated with increased arterial stiffness . Plasma aldosterone levels are increased in CKD, and ald testosterone has been found to increase vascular inflammation and fibrosis . It was hypothesized that aldoster receptor inhibition with eplerenone could reduce arterial stiff in CKCD stage 3-4 . The study was a randomized, open, parallel group . The mean difference in cfPWV changes between groups was 0.1 m/s (95%CI: -1.0, 1.3)

The full planned number of patients was not attained. The duration of the trial may have been too short to obtain full effect of eplerenone on the arteries.

yes

### Human: Patients with chronic kidney disease have high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity associated with increased arterial stiffness . Plasma aldosterone levels are increased in CKD, and ald testosterone has been found to increase vascular inflammation and fibrosis . It was hypothesized that aldoster receptor inhibition with eplerenone could reduce arterial stiff in CKCD stage 3-4 . The study was a randomized, open, parallel group . The mean difference in cfPWV changes between groups was 0.1 m/s (95%CI: -1.0, 1.3) Does eplerenone attenuate pulse wave reflection in chronic kidney disease stage 3-4 -- a randomized controlled study?### Assistant: The full planned number of patients was not attained. The duration of the trial may have been too short to obtain full effect of eplerenone on the arteries.

The duration of the trial may have been too short to obtain full effect of eplerenone on the arteries . The full planned number

Does ascorbic acid block hyperglycemic impairment of endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes?

The forearm blood flow (FBF) reactive hyperemic response to 5 min of upper arm occlusion was studied in eight adolescents with type 1 diabetes during euglycemic and hyperglycemic insulin clamp (40 mU/m2/min) with and without ascorbic acid infusion (3 mg/min). The ratio of post- to preocclusion FBF decreased during hyperglycemia without asCorbic Acid (p = 0.013), but did not change during hypergluccemia with ascorcoric acid . The changes in forearm vascular resistance following occlusions were different between the two studies .

These results indicate that antioxidant treatment with ascorbic acid blocks acute hyperglycemic impairment of endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

yes

### Human: The forearm blood flow (FBF) reactive hyperemic response to 5 min of upper arm occlusion was studied in eight adolescents with type 1 diabetes during euglycemic and hyperglycemic insulin clamp (40 mU/m2/min) with and without ascorbic acid infusion (3 mg/min). The ratio of post- to preocclusion FBF decreased during hyperglycemia without asCorbic Acid (p = 0.013), but did not change during hypergluccemia with ascorcoric acid . The changes in forearm vascular resistance following occlusions were different between the two studies . Does ascorbic acid block hyperglycemic impairment of endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes?### Assistant: These results indicate that antioxidant treatment with ascorbic acid blocks acute hyperglycemic impairment of endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

These results indicate that antioxidant treatment with ascorbic acid blocks acute hyperglycemic impairment of endothelial function in adolescents with type 1

Do nasal polyp fibroblasts produce MIP-3alpha in response to toll-like receptor ligands and cytokine stimulation?

Dendritic cells play important roles in the development and perpetuation of immune responses . Macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha is known to be a migratory factor for immature DCs . There have been very few reports regarding cells producing this chemokine in the airways . To investigate this, we stimulated fibroblasts cultured from nasal polyps with various toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, IL-beta1 and TNF-alpha, which are proinflammatory cytokines .

NPF possibly play an important role in the recruitment of DCs in upper airway diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps through the production of MIP-3alpha.

yes

### Human: Dendritic cells play important roles in the development and perpetuation of immune responses . Macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha is known to be a migratory factor for immature DCs . There have been very few reports regarding cells producing this chemokine in the airways . To investigate this, we stimulated fibroblasts cultured from nasal polyps with various toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, IL-beta1 and TNF-alpha, which are proinflammatory cytokines . Do nasal polyp fibroblasts produce MIP-3alpha in response to toll-like receptor ligands and cytokine stimulation?### Assistant: NPF possibly play an important role in the recruitment of DCs in upper airway diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps through the production of MIP-3alpha.

NPF possibly play an important role in the recruitment of DCs in upper airway diseases such as chronic rhinosinusinusitis with

Does improvement in right ventricular systolic function after cardiac resynchronization therapy correlate with left ventricular reverse remodeling?

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves left ventricular (LV) systolic function in heart failure . However, the effects of CRT on right ventricular function are not fully understood . In response to CRT, decline in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) was defined as 10% decline . In responders (38 patients, 70.4%) RV end-diastolic diameters (RVD1-3) and mid-RV strain (RV SR) improved significantly (P < 0.01)

RV diameters and systolic indices after CRT improved only in the responder group. Improvement in RV systolic performance after CRT is correlated with the reduction of LVESV.

yes

### Human: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves left ventricular (LV) systolic function in heart failure . However, the effects of CRT on right ventricular function are not fully understood . In response to CRT, decline in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) was defined as 10% decline . In responders (38 patients, 70.4%) RV end-diastolic diameters (RVD1-3) and mid-RV strain (RV SR) improved significantly (P < 0.01) Does improvement in right ventricular systolic function after cardiac resynchronization therapy correlate with left ventricular reverse remodeling?### Assistant: RV diameters and systolic indices after CRT improved only in the responder group. Improvement in RV systolic performance after CRT is correlated with the reduction of LVESV.

RV diameters and systolic indices after CRT improved only in the responder group .

Do porcine placenta hydrolysates enhance osteoblast differentiation through their antioxidant activity and effects on ER stress?

Porcine placenta hydrolysates (PPHs) protect MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage . PPHs also regulated osteoblast differentiation via the upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in MC3t3E1 cells . These effects were all associated with the antioxidant actions of PPH's antioxidant actions . Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreased bone strength, decreased bone mass, and bone deterioration .

PPHs protect cells against H2O2-induced cell damage when ER stress is involved. In addition, PPHs enhance osteoblast differentiation. This enhancement likely explains the regulatory effect of PPHs on bone metabolism disturbances, i.e. PPHs control ER stress and the related ROS production in osteoblasts.

yes

### Human: Porcine placenta hydrolysates (PPHs) protect MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage . PPHs also regulated osteoblast differentiation via the upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in MC3t3E1 cells . These effects were all associated with the antioxidant actions of PPH's antioxidant actions . Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreased bone strength, decreased bone mass, and bone deterioration . Do porcine placenta hydrolysates enhance osteoblast differentiation through their antioxidant activity and effects on ER stress?### Assistant: PPHs protect cells against H2O2-induced cell damage when ER stress is involved. In addition, PPHs enhance osteoblast differentiation. This enhancement likely explains the regulatory effect of PPHs on bone metabolism disturbances, i.e. PPHs control ER stress and the related ROS production in osteoblasts.

PPHs protect cells against H2O2-induced cell damage when ER stress is involved . In addition, PPHs enhance

Is oscillating glucose more deleterious to endothelial function and oxidative stress than mean glucose in normal and type 2 diabetic patients?

Oscillating glucose may outweigh A1C levels in determining the risk for cardiovascular diabetes complications . A euinsulinemic hyperglycemic clamp at 5, 10, and 15 mmol/l glucose was given in increasing steps as a single "spike" or oscillating between basal and high levels over 24 h in normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients . The study found that oscillating glucose between 5 and 15mm/l every 6 h for 24 h resulted in further significant increases in endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress compared with continuous 10 or 15mm glucose .

These data suggest that oscillating glucose can have more deleterious effects than constant high glucose on endothelial function and oxidative stress, two key players in favoring cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Concomitant vitamin C infusion can reverse this impairment.

yes

### Human: Oscillating glucose may outweigh A1C levels in determining the risk for cardiovascular diabetes complications . A euinsulinemic hyperglycemic clamp at 5, 10, and 15 mmol/l glucose was given in increasing steps as a single "spike" or oscillating between basal and high levels over 24 h in normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients . The study found that oscillating glucose between 5 and 15mm/l every 6 h for 24 h resulted in further significant increases in endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress compared with continuous 10 or 15mm glucose . Is oscillating glucose more deleterious to endothelial function and oxidative stress than mean glucose in normal and type 2 diabetic patients?### Assistant: These data suggest that oscillating glucose can have more deleterious effects than constant high glucose on endothelial function and oxidative stress, two key players in favoring cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Concomitant vitamin C infusion can reverse this impairment.

Oscillating glucose can have more deleterious effects than constant high glucose on endothelial function and oxidative stress . Concomitant vitamin

Does beta-blocker therapy induce ventricular resynchronization in dilated cardiomyopathy with narrow QRS complex?

There was significant mechanical dyssynchrony in IDC compared with control patients . Improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction and reverse remodeling were coincident with reductions in mechanical dorshynchrony . Improvements to left ventric ejection . fraction and reversed remodeling . were coincidentsident with reduction in mechanical . dyssyncy . It is unknown whether beta-blocker therapy can influence mechanical synchrony in patients with heart failure and normal QRS . The authors say it is unclear whether beta blocker therapy influences myocardial mechanics .

The use of carvedilol improves contractile function and dyssynchrony in heart failure patients with normal QRS.

yes

### Human: There was significant mechanical dyssynchrony in IDC compared with control patients . Improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction and reverse remodeling were coincident with reductions in mechanical dorshynchrony . Improvements to left ventric ejection . fraction and reversed remodeling . were coincidentsident with reduction in mechanical . dyssyncy . It is unknown whether beta-blocker therapy can influence mechanical synchrony in patients with heart failure and normal QRS . The authors say it is unclear whether beta blocker therapy influences myocardial mechanics . Does beta-blocker therapy induce ventricular resynchronization in dilated cardiomyopathy with narrow QRS complex?### Assistant: The use of carvedilol improves contractile function and dyssynchrony in heart failure patients with normal QRS.

carvedilol improves contractile function and dyssynchrony in heart failure patients with normal QRS .

Does meperidine attenuate the secretion but not the transcription of interleukin 1 beta in human mononuclear leukocytes?

The infusion of amphotericin-B (AmB) often produces rigors and chills, which promptly abate with intravenous injection of meperidine . Meperidine did not alter IL-1 beta mRNA levels in MNL exposed to LPS or AmB . The mechanism of action is unknown, although its mechanism of effect is unknown . Addition of mepidine to MNL significantly reduced LPS-induced, but not AmB- induced, secretion of IL- 1 beta in vitro .

These data suggest that meperidine decreases rigors and chills in part by decreasing MNL secretion of IL-1 beta through a posttranscriptional mechanism.

yes

### Human: The infusion of amphotericin-B (AmB) often produces rigors and chills, which promptly abate with intravenous injection of meperidine . Meperidine did not alter IL-1 beta mRNA levels in MNL exposed to LPS or AmB . The mechanism of action is unknown, although its mechanism of effect is unknown . Addition of mepidine to MNL significantly reduced LPS-induced, but not AmB- induced, secretion of IL- 1 beta in vitro . Does meperidine attenuate the secretion but not the transcription of interleukin 1 beta in human mononuclear leukocytes?### Assistant: These data suggest that meperidine decreases rigors and chills in part by decreasing MNL secretion of IL-1 beta through a posttranscriptional mechanism.

Meperidine decreases rigors and chills in part by decreasing MNL secretion of IL-1 beta through a posttranscriptional

Do nannochloropsis plastid and mitochondrial phylogenomes reveal organelle diversification mechanism and intragenus phylotyping strategy in microalgae?

Microalgae are promising feedstock for production of lipids, sugars, bioactive compounds and in particular biofuels . Development of sensitive and reliable phylotyping strategies for microalgae has been hindered by the paucity of phylogenetically closely-related finished genomes . We assessed current intragenus phylotyped strategies by producing the complete plastid (pt) and mitochondrial (mt) genomes of seven strains from six Nannochloropsis species . Genes on the pt and mt genomes have been highly conserved in content, size and order, strongly negatively selected .

This first comprehensive dataset of organelle genomes for a microalgal genus enabled exhaustive assessment and searches of all candidate phylogenetic markers on the organelle genomes. A new strategy for intragenus phylotyping of microalgae was proposed which might be generally applicable to other microalgal genera and should serve as a valuable tool in the expanding algal biotechnology industry.

yes

### Human: Microalgae are promising feedstock for production of lipids, sugars, bioactive compounds and in particular biofuels . Development of sensitive and reliable phylotyping strategies for microalgae has been hindered by the paucity of phylogenetically closely-related finished genomes . We assessed current intragenus phylotyped strategies by producing the complete plastid (pt) and mitochondrial (mt) genomes of seven strains from six Nannochloropsis species . Genes on the pt and mt genomes have been highly conserved in content, size and order, strongly negatively selected . Do nannochloropsis plastid and mitochondrial phylogenomes reveal organelle diversification mechanism and intragenus phylotyping strategy in microalgae?### Assistant: This first comprehensive dataset of organelle genomes for a microalgal genus enabled exhaustive assessment and searches of all candidate phylogenetic markers on the organelle genomes. A new strategy for intragenus phylotyping of microalgae was proposed which might be generally applicable to other microalgal genera and should serve as a valuable tool in the expanding algal biotechnology industry.

A new strategy for intragenus phylotyping of microalgae was proposed which might be generally applicable to other microalgal gener

Is exposure to repeat doses of antenatal glucocorticoids associated with altered cardiovascular status after birth?

Thirty mothers (39 infants) exposed to one course of glucocorticoids, and seven mothers exposed to more than one course . Systolic blood pressure on day 1 was >2SD above published normal ranges in 67% of babies exposed to multiple courses and 24% exposed to a single course . There was no difference between groups in thickness of the EDIVS or EDLVPW thickness . Blood pressure was higher in the first week after birth in infants exposed to the multiple courses of the first course .

Future randomised trials should assess the long term effects of exposure to antenatal glucocorticoids, particularly multiple courses, on the cardiovascular status of the infant.

yes

### Human: Thirty mothers (39 infants) exposed to one course of glucocorticoids, and seven mothers exposed to more than one course . Systolic blood pressure on day 1 was >2SD above published normal ranges in 67% of babies exposed to multiple courses and 24% exposed to a single course . There was no difference between groups in thickness of the EDIVS or EDLVPW thickness . Blood pressure was higher in the first week after birth in infants exposed to the multiple courses of the first course . Is exposure to repeat doses of antenatal glucocorticoids associated with altered cardiovascular status after birth?### Assistant: Future randomised trials should assess the long term effects of exposure to antenatal glucocorticoids, particularly multiple courses, on the cardiovascular status of the infant.

Future randomised trials should assess the long term effects of exposure to antenatal glucocorticoids .

Does β-glucan antigenemia anticipate diagnosis of blood culture-negative intraabdominal candidiasis?

Life-threatening intraabdominal candidiasis (IAC) occurs in 30 to 40% of high-risk surgical intensive care unit patients . Early IAC diagnosis is crucial, blood cultures are negative, and the role of Candida score/colonization indexes is not established . The aim of this prospective Fungal Infection Network of Switzerland (FUNGINOS) cohort study was to assess accuracy of 1,3-β-d-glucan (BG) antigenemia for diagnosis of IAC .

BG antigenemia is superior to Candida score and colonization indexes and anticipates diagnosis of blood culture-negative IAC. This proof-of-concept observation in strictly selected high-risk surgical ICU patients deserves investigation of BG-driven preemptive therapy.

yes

### Human: Life-threatening intraabdominal candidiasis (IAC) occurs in 30 to 40% of high-risk surgical intensive care unit patients . Early IAC diagnosis is crucial, blood cultures are negative, and the role of Candida score/colonization indexes is not established . The aim of this prospective Fungal Infection Network of Switzerland (FUNGINOS) cohort study was to assess accuracy of 1,3-β-d-glucan (BG) antigenemia for diagnosis of IAC . Does β-glucan antigenemia anticipate diagnosis of blood culture-negative intraabdominal candidiasis?### Assistant: BG antigenemia is superior to Candida score and colonization indexes and anticipates diagnosis of blood culture-negative IAC. This proof-of-concept observation in strictly selected high-risk surgical ICU patients deserves investigation of BG-driven preemptive therapy.

BG antigenemia is superior to Candida score and colonization indexes and anticipates diagnosis of blood culture-negative IAC . This proof-

Is early intensive obstetric and medical nutrition care associated with decreased prepregnancy obesity impact on perinatal outcomes?

A cohort of 546 pregnant women with prepregnancy normal weight (n = 201, NW), overweight (n) or obesity) or overweight (N = 171, OW) or obese (n. 174, OB) were compared between groups . OB women had the highest frequency of GDM (p < 0.001), lack of spontaneous labor (p) and preeclampsia, but no other between-group differences existed. OB women were at the highest rate of G DM (p = 0.01) and lacked spontaneous labor .

Early intensive medical-nutrition prenatal care and adequate gestational weight gain may contribute to decreasing most maternal and newborn adverse outcomes associated with prepregnancy overweight or obesity.

yes

### Human: A cohort of 546 pregnant women with prepregnancy normal weight (n = 201, NW), overweight (n) or obesity) or overweight (N = 171, OW) or obese (n. 174, OB) were compared between groups . OB women had the highest frequency of GDM (p < 0.001), lack of spontaneous labor (p) and preeclampsia, but no other between-group differences existed. OB women were at the highest rate of G DM (p = 0.01) and lacked spontaneous labor . Is early intensive obstetric and medical nutrition care associated with decreased prepregnancy obesity impact on perinatal outcomes?### Assistant: Early intensive medical-nutrition prenatal care and adequate gestational weight gain may contribute to decreasing most maternal and newborn adverse outcomes associated with prepregnancy overweight or obesity.

Intensive medical-nutrition prenatal care and adequate gestational weight gain may contribute to decreasing most maternal and newborn adverse outcomes associated with prepregnancy

Does protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 regulate TNFα-induced signalling and cytokine secretion in human intestinal epithelial cells?

PTPN2 regulates TNFα-induced signalling and epithelial barrier function in T₈₄ intestinal epithelial cells . TNFalpha treatment elevated PTPn2 mRNA as well as nuclear and cytoplasmic protein levels . PTPPN2 knock-down revealed that the phosphatase regulates T NFα--induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 phosphorylation .

TNFα induces PTPN2 expression in IECs. Loss of PTPN2 promotes TNFα-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling and the induction of inflammatory mediators. These data indicate that PTPN2 activity could play a crucial role in the establishment of chronic inflammatory conditions in the intestine, such as CD.

yes

### Human: PTPN2 regulates TNFα-induced signalling and epithelial barrier function in T₈₄ intestinal epithelial cells . TNFalpha treatment elevated PTPn2 mRNA as well as nuclear and cytoplasmic protein levels . PTPPN2 knock-down revealed that the phosphatase regulates T NFα--induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 phosphorylation . Does protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 regulate TNFα-induced signalling and cytokine secretion in human intestinal epithelial cells?### Assistant: TNFα induces PTPN2 expression in IECs. Loss of PTPN2 promotes TNFα-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling and the induction of inflammatory mediators. These data indicate that PTPN2 activity could play a crucial role in the establishment of chronic inflammatory conditions in the intestine, such as CD.

Loss of PTPN2 promotes TNFα-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling and the induction of inflammatory mediators

Does pioglitazone protect against thrombosis in a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance?

Arterial thrombosis accounts for the vast majority of cardiovascular complications in obese, insulin resistant patients . We hypothesized that improving insulin sensitivity may be effective in reducing the throm botic response following vascular injury . We investigated the effect of the thiazolidinedinedinedione drug, pioglitazone, on the thrubotic response to injury in obese mice . We found that piog litazone provided significant protection from throma at both time points . The protection was paralleled by significantly lower soluble P-selectin .

We conclude that pioglitazone treatment provides protection against arterial thrombosis in an obese, insulin resistant, prothrombotic mouse model.

yes

### Human: Arterial thrombosis accounts for the vast majority of cardiovascular complications in obese, insulin resistant patients . We hypothesized that improving insulin sensitivity may be effective in reducing the throm botic response following vascular injury . We investigated the effect of the thiazolidinedinedinedione drug, pioglitazone, on the thrubotic response to injury in obese mice . We found that piog litazone provided significant protection from throma at both time points . The protection was paralleled by significantly lower soluble P-selectin . Does pioglitazone protect against thrombosis in a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance?### Assistant: We conclude that pioglitazone treatment provides protection against arterial thrombosis in an obese, insulin resistant, prothrombotic mouse model.

We conclude that pioglitazone treatment provides protection against arterial thromsosis in obese, insulin resistant, prothrom

Does effect of annatto seed and coriander leave as natural antioxidants in fish meatballs during frozen storage?

Annatto and coriander were efficient in the control of lipid oxidation in white hake meatballs cooked in boiling water (95 ± 1 °C) for 30 min and stored at -18 °C for 120 d . The fatty acids (FA) and the nutritional quality, cholesterol, cholesterol oxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, and conjugated dienes were analyzed to follow the course of oxidation . Annatto (0.1 g/100g) was efficient in control of the oxidation, also preserving the essential FA .

Spices, especially coriander and annatto, can be an alternative to substitute synthetic additives with antioxidants to prevent loss of important unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in fish meatballs during frozen storage for 120 d. The maximum effect was observed when 0.5% coriander and 0.1% annatto were used in combination. Cooking did not induce the formation of cholesterol oxides, compounds that can cause more health damages than cholesterol itself; however, during storage the cholesterol oxides levels presented a little increase regardless of spice addition.

yes

### Human: Annatto and coriander were efficient in the control of lipid oxidation in white hake meatballs cooked in boiling water (95 ± 1 °C) for 30 min and stored at -18 °C for 120 d . The fatty acids (FA) and the nutritional quality, cholesterol, cholesterol oxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, and conjugated dienes were analyzed to follow the course of oxidation . Annatto (0.1 g/100g) was efficient in control of the oxidation, also preserving the essential FA . Does effect of annatto seed and coriander leave as natural antioxidants in fish meatballs during frozen storage?### Assistant: Spices, especially coriander and annatto, can be an alternative to substitute synthetic additives with antioxidants to prevent loss of important unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in fish meatballs during frozen storage for 120 d. The maximum effect was observed when 0.5% coriander and 0.1% annatto were used in combination. Cooking did not induce the formation of cholesterol oxides, compounds that can cause more health damages than cholesterol itself; however, during storage the cholesterol oxides levels presented a little increase regardless of spice addition.

Spices, especially coriander and annatto, can be an alternative to substitute synthetic additives with antioxidants to prevent loss of important uns

Is chemotherapy for suspected hepatoblastoma without efforts at surgical resection a bad practice?

US data indicate that 40% of HBs are primarily resectable with no operative mortality . Those with pure fetal histology and low mitotic rate do not require toxic chemotherapy . US data suggest those with significant fraction of small undifferentiated cells do not respond to otherwise effective chemotherapy . Both US and European studies report a significant error rate in the clinical and imaging diagnosis of HB . Both studies report significant error rates in the diagnosis of the disease in the US and Europe . Patients with HBs with a significant fraction do not need toxic chemotherapy, according to US data .

Although only 6.5% of confirmed HBs fall into categories that would be managed differently by US standards, there is no justification for denying those patients a more appropriate treatment nor should the 6-10% of cases that are misdiagnosed as HB be treated incorrectly.

yes

### Human: US data indicate that 40% of HBs are primarily resectable with no operative mortality . Those with pure fetal histology and low mitotic rate do not require toxic chemotherapy . US data suggest those with significant fraction of small undifferentiated cells do not respond to otherwise effective chemotherapy . Both US and European studies report a significant error rate in the clinical and imaging diagnosis of HB . Both studies report significant error rates in the diagnosis of the disease in the US and Europe . Patients with HBs with a significant fraction do not need toxic chemotherapy, according to US data . Is chemotherapy for suspected hepatoblastoma without efforts at surgical resection a bad practice?### Assistant: Although only 6.5% of confirmed HBs fall into categories that would be managed differently by US standards, there is no justification for denying those patients a more appropriate treatment nor should the 6-10% of cases that are misdiagnosed as HB be treated incorrectly.

Only 6.5% of confirmed HBs fall into categories that would be managed differently by US standards . 6-10% of cases

Do [ Protective effects of taurine on myocardial mitochondria and their enzyme activities in rate with severe burn ]?

To investigate the effects of taurine on myocardial mitochondria and their enzyme activities in rats with severe burn . 100 and 20 healthy adult Wistar rats subjected to 30% TBSA full-thickness burn . Rats were randomly divided into burn group (B, with intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline), treatment group (T) with intra-peritoneic injection of 200 mg/kg),with 60 rats in each group . Ten rats with sham scald were used as control (S group)

Taurine have protective effect on mitochondria and their enzyme activities in myocardium in rats with severe burn, and it may be attributable to improving the ability of eradicating oxygen free radicals and alleviating Ca2+ overload in the mitochondria.

yes

### Human: To investigate the effects of taurine on myocardial mitochondria and their enzyme activities in rats with severe burn . 100 and 20 healthy adult Wistar rats subjected to 30% TBSA full-thickness burn . Rats were randomly divided into burn group (B, with intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline), treatment group (T) with intra-peritoneic injection of 200 mg/kg),with 60 rats in each group . Ten rats with sham scald were used as control (S group) Do [ Protective effects of taurine on myocardial mitochondria and their enzyme activities in rate with severe burn ]?### Assistant: Taurine have protective effect on mitochondria and their enzyme activities in myocardium in rats with severe burn, and it may be attributable to improving the ability of eradicating oxygen free radicals and alleviating Ca2+ overload in the mitochondria.

Taurine have protective effect on mitochondria and their enzyme activities in myocardium in rats with severe burn . It may be attributable

Does a Rasch analysis of the Brief Pain Inventory Interference subscale reveal three dimensions and an age bias?

The Brief Pain Inventory is composed of two quantifiable scales: pain severity and pain interference . The reported factor structure of the interference subscale is not consistent in the extant literature . Rasch analysis revealed significant misfit of both versions of the scale . The original 7-item version outperformed the expanded 10-item versions . Both versions showed improved model fit when considered as two separate subscales (affective and physical interference) with the item on sleep interference removed or considered separately . The results were based on a large population-based ambulatory patient database .

The Interference subscale of the BPI should be interpreted as two separate subscales (Affective Interference, Physical Interference) with the sleep item removed or interpreted separately for optimal fit to the Rasch model. Implications for research and clinical use are discussed.

yes

### Human: The Brief Pain Inventory is composed of two quantifiable scales: pain severity and pain interference . The reported factor structure of the interference subscale is not consistent in the extant literature . Rasch analysis revealed significant misfit of both versions of the scale . The original 7-item version outperformed the expanded 10-item versions . Both versions showed improved model fit when considered as two separate subscales (affective and physical interference) with the item on sleep interference removed or considered separately . The results were based on a large population-based ambulatory patient database . Does a Rasch analysis of the Brief Pain Inventory Interference subscale reveal three dimensions and an age bias?### Assistant: The Interference subscale of the BPI should be interpreted as two separate subscales (Affective Interference, Physical Interference) with the sleep item removed or interpreted separately for optimal fit to the Rasch model. Implications for research and clinical use are discussed.

Interference subscale of the BPI should be interpreted as two separate subscales (Affective Interference, Physical Interference)

Does an ACE inhibitor reduce Th2 cytokines and TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 isoforms in murine lupus nephritis?

Captopril treatment delayed onset of proteinuria when administered to prenephritic mice, whereas verapamil did not . Captopil treatment also retarded disease progression when given to lupus mice that had early disease . It reduced chronic renal lesions, but had no effect on autoantibody production . In vitro exposure to captopril reduced splenic levels of type 2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, suggesting a possible role of the immune system .

Since type 2 cytokines are known to promote lupus glomerulosclerosis, decreased IL-4 and IL-10 production in captopril-treated mice may be related to this agent's renoprotective effects. We argue here that ACE inhibitors not only act as selective TGF-beta inhibitors, but also as selective immunomodulators, to improve lupus nephritis.

yes

### Human: Captopril treatment delayed onset of proteinuria when administered to prenephritic mice, whereas verapamil did not . Captopil treatment also retarded disease progression when given to lupus mice that had early disease . It reduced chronic renal lesions, but had no effect on autoantibody production . In vitro exposure to captopril reduced splenic levels of type 2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, suggesting a possible role of the immune system . Does an ACE inhibitor reduce Th2 cytokines and TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 isoforms in murine lupus nephritis?### Assistant: Since type 2 cytokines are known to promote lupus glomerulosclerosis, decreased IL-4 and IL-10 production in captopril-treated mice may be related to this agent's renoprotective effects. We argue here that ACE inhibitors not only act as selective TGF-beta inhibitors, but also as selective immunomodulators, to improve lupus nephritis.

Captopril's decreased IL-4 and IL-10 production in captopril-treated mice may be related to this agent's

Does abiraterone treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer select for progesterone responsive mutant androgen receptors?

CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone markedly reduces androgen precursors and is effective in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) However, it can activate certain mutant androgen receptors (AR) identified previously in flutamide-resistant tumors . ARs were present at high allele frequency in 3 of the 18 CRPC cases, but were less common in the subset of patients treated with abiratersone plus dutasteride, and transfection studies showed that dutasterside was a more potent direct antagonist of the T878A .

These findings indicate that selection for tumor cells expressing progesterone-activated mutant ARs is a mechanism of resistance to CYP17A1 inhibition.

yes

### Human: CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone markedly reduces androgen precursors and is effective in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) However, it can activate certain mutant androgen receptors (AR) identified previously in flutamide-resistant tumors . ARs were present at high allele frequency in 3 of the 18 CRPC cases, but were less common in the subset of patients treated with abiratersone plus dutasteride, and transfection studies showed that dutasterside was a more potent direct antagonist of the T878A . Does abiraterone treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer select for progesterone responsive mutant androgen receptors?### Assistant: These findings indicate that selection for tumor cells expressing progesterone-activated mutant ARs is a mechanism of resistance to CYP17A1 inhibition.

These findings indicate that selection for tumor cells expressing progesterone-activated mutant ARs is a mechanism of resistance to CYP17A

Are phenotypic traits of Phragmites australis clones related to ploidy level and distribution range?

The aim of this study was to quantify the natural variation in ecophysiological characteristics of P. australis . 15 clones from Europe and Asia/Australia were grown in a common garden design for 119 days . The mean maximum shoot height varied from 0.9 to 1.86 m, P(max) from 9.7 to 27 µmol m(-2) s(-1) and WUE from 13 to 47 µmol mol(-1). The observed differences were not explained either by the ploidy level per se or by the geographic origin or phylogenetic relationships of the clones .

Phylogeographic relationships in P. australis on a global scale do not mirror the environment where the adaptations have evolved, and high phenotypic variation among and within clones complicates comparative studies. Future studies aimed at explaining differences in plant behaviour between P. australis populations should be careful in the selection of target genotypes and/or populations, and should avoid generalizing their findings beyond the genotypes and/or populations studied.

no

### Human: The aim of this study was to quantify the natural variation in ecophysiological characteristics of P. australis . 15 clones from Europe and Asia/Australia were grown in a common garden design for 119 days . The mean maximum shoot height varied from 0.9 to 1.86 m, P(max) from 9.7 to 27 µmol m(-2) s(-1) and WUE from 13 to 47 µmol mol(-1). The observed differences were not explained either by the ploidy level per se or by the geographic origin or phylogenetic relationships of the clones . Are phenotypic traits of Phragmites australis clones related to ploidy level and distribution range?### Assistant: Phylogeographic relationships in P. australis on a global scale do not mirror the environment where the adaptations have evolved, and high phenotypic variation among and within clones complicates comparative studies. Future studies aimed at explaining differences in plant behaviour between P. australis populations should be careful in the selection of target genotypes and/or populations, and should avoid generalizing their findings beyond the genotypes and/or populations studied.

Phylogeographic relationships in P. australis on a global scale do not mirror the environment where adaptations have evolved . High

Does h3 receptor blockade by thioperamide enhance cognition in rats without inducing locomotor sensitization?

H(3) receptor antagonists are under clinical investigation for ADHD . Thioperamide (1, 3, 10, 30 mg/kg) was administered prior to testing in a multi-trial, inhibitory avoidance response in rat pups . Administration of amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine produced significant locomotor sensitization, however, but did not induce locomotor stimulation or sensitization . Administration also did not alter ACTH levels, nor did it cross-sensitize to the stimulant effects of amphetamines or cocaine .

H(3) receptor blockade may offer a safer alternative to psychomotor stimulants for the treatment of ADHD.

yes

### Human: H(3) receptor antagonists are under clinical investigation for ADHD . Thioperamide (1, 3, 10, 30 mg/kg) was administered prior to testing in a multi-trial, inhibitory avoidance response in rat pups . Administration of amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine produced significant locomotor sensitization, however, but did not induce locomotor stimulation or sensitization . Administration also did not alter ACTH levels, nor did it cross-sensitize to the stimulant effects of amphetamines or cocaine . Does h3 receptor blockade by thioperamide enhance cognition in rats without inducing locomotor sensitization?### Assistant: H(3) receptor blockade may offer a safer alternative to psychomotor stimulants for the treatment of ADHD.

H(3) receptor blockade may offer a safer alternative to psychomotor stimulants for the treatment of ADHD .

Does comparison of surgical techniques for synovectomy in New Zealand White rabbit with induced inflammatory arthritis?

To compare effects of synovectomy performed by use of monopolar radiofrequency energy (MRFE) versus mechanical debridement in rabbits with induced inflammatory arthritis . Inflammatory arthritis was induced in both femoropatellar joints of each rabbit . Joints then treated by mechanical debrided or MRFE treatment or served as sham-operated controls . Rabbits were euthanatized 2 weeks or 3 months after surgery . No difference in synovial ablation, synovium proliferation, or fibrosis among the 3 groups at 2 weeks after surgery.

Analysis of results of this study documented a similar degree of synovial ablation when comparing use of MRFE to mechanical debridement. In rabbits with this method of induced inflammatory arthritis, there were no detectable benefits of MRFE or mechanical debridement on the synovium, compared with results for sham-operated control joints, at 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery for most of the synovial variables evaluated.

yes

### Human: To compare effects of synovectomy performed by use of monopolar radiofrequency energy (MRFE) versus mechanical debridement in rabbits with induced inflammatory arthritis . Inflammatory arthritis was induced in both femoropatellar joints of each rabbit . Joints then treated by mechanical debrided or MRFE treatment or served as sham-operated controls . Rabbits were euthanatized 2 weeks or 3 months after surgery . No difference in synovial ablation, synovium proliferation, or fibrosis among the 3 groups at 2 weeks after surgery. Does comparison of surgical techniques for synovectomy in New Zealand White rabbit with induced inflammatory arthritis?### Assistant: Analysis of results of this study documented a similar degree of synovial ablation when comparing use of MRFE to mechanical debridement. In rabbits with this method of induced inflammatory arthritis, there were no detectable benefits of MRFE or mechanical debridement on the synovium, compared with results for sham-operated control joints, at 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery for most of the synovial variables evaluated.

Analysis of results of this study documented a similar degree of synovial ablation when comparing use of MRFE to mechanical debridement

Does oroxylin A inhibit angiogenesis through blocking vascular endothelial growth factor-induced KDR/Flk-1 phosphorylation?

Study examined the antiangiogenic effect of oroxylin A in vitro and in vivo . It suppressed angiogenesis of xenograft tumor in nude mice, which concurred with the inhibition of tumor growth . It also inhibited microvessel sprouting from rat aortic ring in vitro . It blocked VEGF-induced phosphorylation of KDR/Flk-1 and related downstream signaling molecules, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt.

Oroxylin A possessed antiangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo, which could be an underlying mechanism of its anticancer effect.

yes

### Human: Study examined the antiangiogenic effect of oroxylin A in vitro and in vivo . It suppressed angiogenesis of xenograft tumor in nude mice, which concurred with the inhibition of tumor growth . It also inhibited microvessel sprouting from rat aortic ring in vitro . It blocked VEGF-induced phosphorylation of KDR/Flk-1 and related downstream signaling molecules, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt. Does oroxylin A inhibit angiogenesis through blocking vascular endothelial growth factor-induced KDR/Flk-1 phosphorylation?### Assistant: Oroxylin A possessed antiangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo, which could be an underlying mechanism of its anticancer effect.

Oroxylin A possessed antiangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo, which could be an underlying mechanism of its anticancer

Is a novel mutation of the calcium sensing receptor gene associated with chronic pancreatitis in a family with heterozygous SPINK1 mutations?

Active SPINK1 is thought to antagonize activated trypsin . Cases of SPink1 mutations, especially N34S, have been reported in a subset of patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis . However, the inheritance pattern is still unknown . Mutations have been postulated to act as a disease modifier requiring additional mutations in a more complex genetic model, such as SPINKs1 mutations in complex genetic models . We studied a family with a FHH-related hypercalcemia and chronic Pancitis .

Mutations in the calcium sensing receptor gene might represent a novel as yet unidentified predisposing factor which may lead to an increased susceptibility for chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, this family analysis supports the hypothesis that SPINK1 mutations act as disease modifier and suggests an even more complex genetic model in SPINK1 related chronic pancreatitis.

yes

### Human: Active SPINK1 is thought to antagonize activated trypsin . Cases of SPink1 mutations, especially N34S, have been reported in a subset of patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis . However, the inheritance pattern is still unknown . Mutations have been postulated to act as a disease modifier requiring additional mutations in a more complex genetic model, such as SPINKs1 mutations in complex genetic models . We studied a family with a FHH-related hypercalcemia and chronic Pancitis . Is a novel mutation of the calcium sensing receptor gene associated with chronic pancreatitis in a family with heterozygous SPINK1 mutations?### Assistant: Mutations in the calcium sensing receptor gene might represent a novel as yet unidentified predisposing factor which may lead to an increased susceptibility for chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, this family analysis supports the hypothesis that SPINK1 mutations act as disease modifier and suggests an even more complex genetic model in SPINK1 related chronic pancreatitis.

Mutations in the calcium sensing receptor gene might represent a novel as yet unidentified predisposing factor which may lead to an increased susceptibility for chronic

Does thoracic epidural anesthesia increase mucosal perfusion in ileum of rats?

Epidural bupivacaine increased red cell velocity in terminal arterioles from 888 +/- 202 to 1,215 +/- 268 micrometer/s (control, 793 +/- 250 to 741 +/- 195 micrometers/s) This increase may represent an increase in arteriolar blood flow . The study examined the effects of TEA on ileal mucosa using intravital microscopy in anesthetized rats with epidural catheters . It suggests TEA increased gut mucosal perfusion .

Thoracic epidural anesthesia increased gut mucosal blood flow and reduced intermittent flow in the villus microcirculation in the presence of a decreased perfusion pressure.

yes

### Human: Epidural bupivacaine increased red cell velocity in terminal arterioles from 888 +/- 202 to 1,215 +/- 268 micrometer/s (control, 793 +/- 250 to 741 +/- 195 micrometers/s) This increase may represent an increase in arteriolar blood flow . The study examined the effects of TEA on ileal mucosa using intravital microscopy in anesthetized rats with epidural catheters . It suggests TEA increased gut mucosal perfusion . Does thoracic epidural anesthesia increase mucosal perfusion in ileum of rats?### Assistant: Thoracic epidural anesthesia increased gut mucosal blood flow and reduced intermittent flow in the villus microcirculation in the presence of a decreased perfusion pressure.

Thoracic epidural anesthesia increased gut mucosal blood flow and reduced intermittent flow in the villus microcirculation in the presence of

Is dynamic visual acuity in baseball players due to superior tracking abilities?

Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is defined as the ability to discriminate the fine parts of a moving object . DVA is generally better in baseball players than that in nonplayers . The ability to perceive moving visual stimuli has not been compared between baseball players and nonplayers. To clarify this, we quantitatively measured abilities of eye movement and visual perception using moving Landolt C rings . There was no difference in the . ability to . perceive moving stimuli projected onto the retina between baseball . players and . nonplayers, however, were able to achieve high DVA with significantly faster eye movement .

These results suggest that the better DVA of baseball players is primarily due to a better ability to track moving objects with their eyes rather than to improved perception of moving images on the retina. This skill is probably obtained through baseball training.

yes

### Human: Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is defined as the ability to discriminate the fine parts of a moving object . DVA is generally better in baseball players than that in nonplayers . The ability to perceive moving visual stimuli has not been compared between baseball players and nonplayers. To clarify this, we quantitatively measured abilities of eye movement and visual perception using moving Landolt C rings . There was no difference in the . ability to . perceive moving stimuli projected onto the retina between baseball . players and . nonplayers, however, were able to achieve high DVA with significantly faster eye movement . Is dynamic visual acuity in baseball players due to superior tracking abilities?### Assistant: These results suggest that the better DVA of baseball players is primarily due to a better ability to track moving objects with their eyes rather than to improved perception of moving images on the retina. This skill is probably obtained through baseball training.

These results suggest that the better DVA of baseball players is primarily due to a better ability to track moving objects with their eyes . This

Do natural Killer Lymphocytes Are Dysfunctional in Kidney Transplant Recipients on Diagnosis of Cancer?

Natural killer (NK) cells are key effectors of the tumor immune response . Kidney transplant recipients with cancer had a higher incidence of acute rejection and cytomegalovirus infection than controls . The percentage of NK cells expressing NKp46 was decreased in KTRs with cancer (45% vs 53%, P = 0.001) The ability of NK . cells to degranulate CD107a+ cytolytic vesicles was reduced . In KTR patients with cancer, the ability of . NK cells to secreting IFN[gamma] was decreased (7.5% vs 28.8%; P = .01) in .

These results reveal an imbalance between NK cell subpopulations and functional NK cell defects in KTRs at the diagnosis of malignancy, including a decreased expression of NKp46 and decreased numbers of NK cells producing INF[gamma]. This study highlights the role of NKp46, a major activating NK cell receptor, which could be considered as a potential marker during immunological follow-up of KTRs.

yes

### Human: Natural killer (NK) cells are key effectors of the tumor immune response . Kidney transplant recipients with cancer had a higher incidence of acute rejection and cytomegalovirus infection than controls . The percentage of NK cells expressing NKp46 was decreased in KTRs with cancer (45% vs 53%, P = 0.001) The ability of NK . cells to degranulate CD107a+ cytolytic vesicles was reduced . In KTR patients with cancer, the ability of . NK cells to secreting IFN[gamma] was decreased (7.5% vs 28.8%; P = .01) in . Do natural Killer Lymphocytes Are Dysfunctional in Kidney Transplant Recipients on Diagnosis of Cancer?### Assistant: These results reveal an imbalance between NK cell subpopulations and functional NK cell defects in KTRs at the diagnosis of malignancy, including a decreased expression of NKp46 and decreased numbers of NK cells producing INF[gamma]. This study highlights the role of NKp46, a major activating NK cell receptor, which could be considered as a potential marker during immunological follow-up of KTRs.

These results reveal an imbalance between NK cell subpopulations and functional NK cell defects in KTRs at the diagnosis of malignancy

Is delta-6-desaturase gene polymorphism associated with lipoprotein oxidation in vitro?

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key event in the oxidation hypothesis of atherogenesis . HDL does not protect LDL from oxidation in vitro, but is in fact oxidized fastest of all lipoproteins due to its rich polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition, which is oxidation promoting . There is a deletion [T/-] in the promoter region of the Δ6 -desaturase gene (FADS2, rs 3834458), which has a direct inhibitory influence on production of PUFA from linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid .

We conclude that FADS2 genotype may play a role in peroxidation susceptibility of lipoproteins.

yes

### Human: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key event in the oxidation hypothesis of atherogenesis . HDL does not protect LDL from oxidation in vitro, but is in fact oxidized fastest of all lipoproteins due to its rich polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition, which is oxidation promoting . There is a deletion [T/-] in the promoter region of the Δ6 -desaturase gene (FADS2, rs 3834458), which has a direct inhibitory influence on production of PUFA from linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid . Is delta-6-desaturase gene polymorphism associated with lipoprotein oxidation in vitro?### Assistant: We conclude that FADS2 genotype may play a role in peroxidation susceptibility of lipoproteins.

FADS2 genotype may play a role in peroxidation susceptibility of lipoproteins .