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Does the Offer of Advanced Imaging Techniques lead to Higher Acceptance Rates for Screening Colonoscopy - a Prospective Study?

The aim of the study was to assess whether patient acceptance rates to undergo screening colonoscopy could be improved by the offer of advanced imaging techniques . After 12 months the overall grade of information increased significantly from 14% at baseline to 34% after 12 months . The percentage of patients who decided to undergo colonoscopies because of the offer increased from 12% to 42% after twelve months . After one year the evaluation ended. After one-year the evaluation was ended. The number of patients with colonoscopes undergoing colonoscopic because of new imaging methods also increased significantly .

Patients were highly interested in the offer of advanced imaging techniques. Knowledge about these techniques could relatively easy be provided using local media campaigns. The offer of advanced imaging techniques leads to higher acceptance rates for screening colonoscopies.

yes

### Human: The aim of the study was to assess whether patient acceptance rates to undergo screening colonoscopy could be improved by the offer of advanced imaging techniques . After 12 months the overall grade of information increased significantly from 14% at baseline to 34% after 12 months . The percentage of patients who decided to undergo colonoscopies because of the offer increased from 12% to 42% after twelve months . After one year the evaluation ended. After one-year the evaluation was ended. The number of patients with colonoscopes undergoing colonoscopic because of new imaging methods also increased significantly . Does the Offer of Advanced Imaging Techniques lead to Higher Acceptance Rates for Screening Colonoscopy - a Prospective Study?### Assistant: Patients were highly interested in the offer of advanced imaging techniques. Knowledge about these techniques could relatively easy be provided using local media campaigns. The offer of advanced imaging techniques leads to higher acceptance rates for screening colonoscopies.

Patients were highly interested in the offer of advanced imaging techniques . Knowledge about these techniques could relatively easy be provided using local media campaigns .

Is a polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene associated with postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Holstein-Friesian cows under grazing conditions?

IGF-1/SnaBI gene is considered as a promising candidate for the identification of polymorphisms affecting cattle performance . Fertility measures evaluated were: interval to commencement of luteal activity (CLA), calving to first service (CFS) and Calving to conception (CC) intervals . Milk production and body condition score were also evaluated. Milk production was also evaluated in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows under grazing conditions . The study period extended from 3 wk before calving until the fourth month of lactation .

Frequencies of the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI alleles A and B were 0.59 and 0.41, respectively. Genotype frequencies were 0.31, 0.54 and 0.14 for AA, AB and BB, respectively. Cows with the AA genotype presented an early CLA and were more likely to resume ovarian cyclicity in the early postpartum than AB and BB ones. No effect of the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI genotype was evidenced on body condition change over the experimental period, suggesting that energy balance is not responsible for the outcome of postpartum ovarian resumption in this study. Traditional fertility measures were not affected by the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI.

yes

### Human: IGF-1/SnaBI gene is considered as a promising candidate for the identification of polymorphisms affecting cattle performance . Fertility measures evaluated were: interval to commencement of luteal activity (CLA), calving to first service (CFS) and Calving to conception (CC) intervals . Milk production and body condition score were also evaluated. Milk production was also evaluated in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows under grazing conditions . The study period extended from 3 wk before calving until the fourth month of lactation . Is a polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene associated with postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Holstein-Friesian cows under grazing conditions?### Assistant: Frequencies of the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI alleles A and B were 0.59 and 0.41, respectively. Genotype frequencies were 0.31, 0.54 and 0.14 for AA, AB and BB, respectively. Cows with the AA genotype presented an early CLA and were more likely to resume ovarian cyclicity in the early postpartum than AB and BB ones. No effect of the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI genotype was evidenced on body condition change over the experimental period, suggesting that energy balance is not responsible for the outcome of postpartum ovarian resumption in this study. Traditional fertility measures were not affected by the SNP IGF-1/SnaBI.

Cows with the AA genotype presented an early CLA and were more likely to resume ovarian cyclicity in the early postpartum than

Does hER1-targeted 86Y-panitumumab possess superior targeting characteristics than 86Y-cetuximab for PET imaging of human malignant mesothelioma tumors xenografts?

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is often associated with previous exposure to fibrous minerals, such as asbestos . Asbestos exposure increases HER1-activity and expression in pre-clinical models . HER1 over-expression is observed in the majority of MM cases . In this study, the utility of HER1 targeting antibodies were evaluated for PET imaging to detect MM non-invasively in vivo, and to select an antibody candidate for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) The blood clearance T(½)α of (86)Y-cetuximab (0.9-1.1 h) was faster than (86'Y-panitumumab (2.6-3.1h)

This study demonstrates the more favorable HER1-targeting characteristics of (86)Y-panitumumab than (86)Y-cetuximab for non-invasive assessment of the HER1 status of MM by PET imaging. Due to lower liver uptake, panitumumab based immunoconjugates may fare better in therapy than corresponding cetuximab based immunoconjugates.

yes

### Human: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is often associated with previous exposure to fibrous minerals, such as asbestos . Asbestos exposure increases HER1-activity and expression in pre-clinical models . HER1 over-expression is observed in the majority of MM cases . In this study, the utility of HER1 targeting antibodies were evaluated for PET imaging to detect MM non-invasively in vivo, and to select an antibody candidate for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) The blood clearance T(½)α of (86)Y-cetuximab (0.9-1.1 h) was faster than (86'Y-panitumumab (2.6-3.1h) Does hER1-targeted 86Y-panitumumab possess superior targeting characteristics than 86Y-cetuximab for PET imaging of human malignant mesothelioma tumors xenografts?### Assistant: This study demonstrates the more favorable HER1-targeting characteristics of (86)Y-panitumumab than (86)Y-cetuximab for non-invasive assessment of the HER1 status of MM by PET imaging. Due to lower liver uptake, panitumumab based immunoconjugates may fare better in therapy than corresponding cetuximab based immunoconjugates.

This study demonstrates the more favorable HER1-targeting characteristics of (86)Y-panitumumab than (86 )

Does the cyclophilin inhibitor Debio 025 combined with PEG IFNalpha2a significantly reduce viral load in treatment-naïve hepatitis C patients?

The anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) effect and safety of three different oral doses of the cyclophilin inhibitor Debio 025 in combination with pegylated interferon-alpha2a (PEG IFN-alpha-2a) were investigated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled escalating dose-ranging phase II study . Adverse events were comparable between treatment groups apart from a higher incidence of neutropenia associated with PEGIFN-Alpha2a and an increased incidence of isolated hyperbilirubinemia .

These results confirm that Debio 025 has a potent activity and an additive effect on HCV RNA reduction in genotype 1 and 4 patients at 600 and 1,000 mg/day when combined with PEG IFN-alpha2a.

yes

### Human: The anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) effect and safety of three different oral doses of the cyclophilin inhibitor Debio 025 in combination with pegylated interferon-alpha2a (PEG IFN-alpha-2a) were investigated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled escalating dose-ranging phase II study . Adverse events were comparable between treatment groups apart from a higher incidence of neutropenia associated with PEGIFN-Alpha2a and an increased incidence of isolated hyperbilirubinemia . Does the cyclophilin inhibitor Debio 025 combined with PEG IFNalpha2a significantly reduce viral load in treatment-naïve hepatitis C patients?### Assistant: These results confirm that Debio 025 has a potent activity and an additive effect on HCV RNA reduction in genotype 1 and 4 patients at 600 and 1,000 mg/day when combined with PEG IFN-alpha2a.

Debio 025 has a potent activity and an additive effect on HCV RNA reduction in genotype 1 and 4 patients at 600 and

Is mutation THR-185 ILE associated with corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency type II?

Two boys presenting with infection-triggered, life-threatening salt-loss and hyperkalaemia were published in 1991 in the European Journal of Pediatrics . In both boys, the diagnosis of corticosterone methyl oxidase (CMO) deficiency type II has been established on the basis of determinations of plasma and urinary steroids . We had the opportunity to perform a molecular genetic study in one of the two boys . Sequence analysis of the CYP11B2 gene revealed a homozygous single base exchange in codon 185 of CYP 11B2 causing an amino acid substitution Thr185Ile .

A Thr185Ile mutation in the CYP11B2 gene was found in a patient with CMO deficiency type II. This mutation may change the secondary structure of the enzyme leading to its decreased activity.

yes

### Human: Two boys presenting with infection-triggered, life-threatening salt-loss and hyperkalaemia were published in 1991 in the European Journal of Pediatrics . In both boys, the diagnosis of corticosterone methyl oxidase (CMO) deficiency type II has been established on the basis of determinations of plasma and urinary steroids . We had the opportunity to perform a molecular genetic study in one of the two boys . Sequence analysis of the CYP11B2 gene revealed a homozygous single base exchange in codon 185 of CYP 11B2 causing an amino acid substitution Thr185Ile . Is mutation THR-185 ILE associated with corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency type II?### Assistant: A Thr185Ile mutation in the CYP11B2 gene was found in a patient with CMO deficiency type II. This mutation may change the secondary structure of the enzyme leading to its decreased activity.

A Thr185Ile mutation in the CYP11B2 gene was found in a patient with CMO deficiency type II . This

Does targeting mTOR/p70S6K/glycolysis signaling pathway restore glucocorticoid sensitivity to 4E-BP1 null Burkitt Lymphoma?

The combination of rapamycin and dexamethasone can effectively reverse GC resistance in 4E-BP1 null lymphoma cells . The combination inhibited the viability of Raji cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell death and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest . These effects were achieved by the inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, which led to the . inhibition of glycolysis and the induction of autophagy . Pretreatment with pan-caspase inhibitors z-VAD-fmk or autophagant 3-MA failed to protect the cells from combined treatment-induced death .

Inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/glycolysis signaling pathway is the key point of therapy in reversing GC resistant in Burkitt lymphoma patients.

yes

### Human: The combination of rapamycin and dexamethasone can effectively reverse GC resistance in 4E-BP1 null lymphoma cells . The combination inhibited the viability of Raji cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell death and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest . These effects were achieved by the inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, which led to the . inhibition of glycolysis and the induction of autophagy . Pretreatment with pan-caspase inhibitors z-VAD-fmk or autophagant 3-MA failed to protect the cells from combined treatment-induced death . Does targeting mTOR/p70S6K/glycolysis signaling pathway restore glucocorticoid sensitivity to 4E-BP1 null Burkitt Lymphoma?### Assistant: Inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/glycolysis signaling pathway is the key point of therapy in reversing GC resistant in Burkitt lymphoma patients.

Inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/glycolysis signaling pathway is the key point of therapy in reversing GC

Is tibiofemoral subchondral surface ratio ( SSR ) a predictor of osteoarthritis symptoms and radiographic progression : data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative ( OAI )?

Subchondral bone measures may be useful for risk assessment as bone shape is grossly unaffected at early radiographic stages . OA Initiative participants with baseline MRIs and up to 48-month follow-up (n=1,338) were analyzed . Logistic regression was used to determine the association between SSR and incident symptoms, incident OA, and progression of OA . Increased lateral SSR values are protective against lateral OA incidence (OR 0.23 CI 0.06, 0.77; P =0.016) or progression .

A larger medial SSR is protective against developing OA-related symptoms. A larger lateral SSR is protective against lateral OA incidence or progression. Finally, lateral and medial SSR are stable over time and are highly reproducible across MRI studies.

yes

### Human: Subchondral bone measures may be useful for risk assessment as bone shape is grossly unaffected at early radiographic stages . OA Initiative participants with baseline MRIs and up to 48-month follow-up (n=1,338) were analyzed . Logistic regression was used to determine the association between SSR and incident symptoms, incident OA, and progression of OA . Increased lateral SSR values are protective against lateral OA incidence (OR 0.23 CI 0.06, 0.77; P =0.016) or progression . Is tibiofemoral subchondral surface ratio ( SSR ) a predictor of osteoarthritis symptoms and radiographic progression : data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative ( OAI )?### Assistant: A larger medial SSR is protective against developing OA-related symptoms. A larger lateral SSR is protective against lateral OA incidence or progression. Finally, lateral and medial SSR are stable over time and are highly reproducible across MRI studies.

A larger medial SSR is protective against developing OA-related symptoms . A larger lateral SSR protects against lateral OA incidence or

Does [ Stigmatization of a person visiting psychiatrist depend on observer 's gender ]?

The two types of stigmatization are social stigma and personal stigma . Majority of recent publications has shown gender asymmetry in stigmatizing processes . The study was aimed at exploring the relation of students' gender with their tendency to stigmatize subjects visiting a psychiatrist . The stigmatization positively correlated with the intimacy of student's relation with the subject going to a psychiatrist. A higher rate of stigmatizing was evident if the vignette was showing a person of the opposite gender. A more personal stigmatization was evident in the female students (p < 0.05)

This is a unique study which analyzes separately the gender of a stigmatizing subject versus the subject being stigmatized and types of stigmatization. The data obtained should contribute to recognizing, understanding and controlling the widespread problem of stigma.

yes

### Human: The two types of stigmatization are social stigma and personal stigma . Majority of recent publications has shown gender asymmetry in stigmatizing processes . The study was aimed at exploring the relation of students' gender with their tendency to stigmatize subjects visiting a psychiatrist . The stigmatization positively correlated with the intimacy of student's relation with the subject going to a psychiatrist. A higher rate of stigmatizing was evident if the vignette was showing a person of the opposite gender. A more personal stigmatization was evident in the female students (p < 0.05) Does [ Stigmatization of a person visiting psychiatrist depend on observer 's gender ]?### Assistant: This is a unique study which analyzes separately the gender of a stigmatizing subject versus the subject being stigmatized and types of stigmatization. The data obtained should contribute to recognizing, understanding and controlling the widespread problem of stigma.

This is a unique study which analyzes separately the gender of a stigmatizing subject versus the subject being stigmatized and types of stigmatization

Does sleep fragmentation induce cognitive deficits via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent pathways in mouse?

Sleep fragmentation (SF) is one of the major characteristics of sleep apnea, and has been implicated in its morbid consequences . We hypothesized that absence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity is neuroprotective in SF-induced cognitive impairments . The effect of chronic SF during the sleep-predominant period on sleep architecture, sleep latency, spatial memory, and oxidative stress parameters was assessed in mice lacking NADPH oxid enzyme activity (GP91phox-(/Y) and wild-type littermates .

This work substantiates an important role for NADPH oxidase in hippocampal memory impairments induced by SF, modeling sleep apnea. Targeting NADPH oxidase, therefore, is expected to minimize hippocampal impairments from both intermittent hypoxia and SF associated with the disease.

yes

### Human: Sleep fragmentation (SF) is one of the major characteristics of sleep apnea, and has been implicated in its morbid consequences . We hypothesized that absence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity is neuroprotective in SF-induced cognitive impairments . The effect of chronic SF during the sleep-predominant period on sleep architecture, sleep latency, spatial memory, and oxidative stress parameters was assessed in mice lacking NADPH oxid enzyme activity (GP91phox-(/Y) and wild-type littermates . Does sleep fragmentation induce cognitive deficits via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent pathways in mouse?### Assistant: This work substantiates an important role for NADPH oxidase in hippocampal memory impairments induced by SF, modeling sleep apnea. Targeting NADPH oxidase, therefore, is expected to minimize hippocampal impairments from both intermittent hypoxia and SF associated with the disease.

Targeting NADPH oxidase, therefore, is expected to minimize hippocampal impairments from both intermittent hypoxia and SF associated with

Is the apolipoprotein epsilon4 gene associated with elevated risk of normal tension glaucoma?

Inheritance of a particular apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism, the epsilon4 allele, has been associated with elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease and a poor outcome following head injury . The neuronal injury associated with brain injury and brain injury may have a number of similarities with nerve cell changes associated with glaucoma . The increased odds of high tension glau coma among [epsilon]4 allele carriers were not significant . The risk of high-tension cases among [epsilon4] carriers was not significant, according to the study .

The data indicate that, in the Tasmanian population, inheritance of the [epsilon]4 allele is associated with elevated risk for glaucomatous changes that are not related to increased intraocular pressure.

yes

### Human: Inheritance of a particular apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism, the epsilon4 allele, has been associated with elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease and a poor outcome following head injury . The neuronal injury associated with brain injury and brain injury may have a number of similarities with nerve cell changes associated with glaucoma . The increased odds of high tension glau coma among [epsilon]4 allele carriers were not significant . The risk of high-tension cases among [epsilon4] carriers was not significant, according to the study . Is the apolipoprotein epsilon4 gene associated with elevated risk of normal tension glaucoma?### Assistant: The data indicate that, in the Tasmanian population, inheritance of the [epsilon]4 allele is associated with elevated risk for glaucomatous changes that are not related to increased intraocular pressure.

Inheritance of the [epsilon]4 allele is associated with elevated risk for glaucomatous changes that are not related

Does anti-ETA IgG neutralize the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A?

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe infections in immunocompromised hosts . Burn patients may benefit from passive immunotherapy against infection . The role of exotoxin A (ETA) in P. aerugins infection of the burn wound was examined by determining the in vivo virulence of PA103 and its isogenic, ETA-deficient mutant PA103Omega::toxA . The lethality, local spread, and systemic spread of the PA103 was significantly reduced compared to PA103 .

These results suggest that (1) ETA induces apoptosis in hepatocytes, (2) specific cytokines are produced in response to ETA, (3) ETA-Ab neutralizes these effects, and (4) ETA contributes to the spread of P. aeruginosa during burn wound infection.

yes

### Human: The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe infections in immunocompromised hosts . Burn patients may benefit from passive immunotherapy against infection . The role of exotoxin A (ETA) in P. aerugins infection of the burn wound was examined by determining the in vivo virulence of PA103 and its isogenic, ETA-deficient mutant PA103Omega::toxA . The lethality, local spread, and systemic spread of the PA103 was significantly reduced compared to PA103 . Does anti-ETA IgG neutralize the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A?### Assistant: These results suggest that (1) ETA induces apoptosis in hepatocytes, (2) specific cytokines are produced in response to ETA, (3) ETA-Ab neutralizes these effects, and (4) ETA contributes to the spread of P. aeruginosa during burn wound infection.

ETA induces apoptosis in hepatocytes, specific cytokines are produced in response to ETA . ETA-Ab neutralizes these

Do individual saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids trigger distinct transcriptional networks in differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes?

Saturated fatty acids (SFA) are widely thought to induce inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) Monounsaturated fats (MUFA) and SFA (palmitoleic acid) are purported to have the opposite effect . We examined adipocyte transcriptional networks regulated by individual SFA and MUFA . PA induced the TLR signalling pathway, while PMA had the opposite . SA and OA had similar effects, with increases in key metabolic pathways including mTOR and PPAR signalling . Ccl5 was validated as a candidate gene that may mediate the differential inflammatory effects of SFA .

Individual SFA and MUFA trigger distinct transcriptional responses in differentiated preadipocytes, with inflammatory and metabolic pathways particularly sensitive to these fatty acids.

yes

### Human: Saturated fatty acids (SFA) are widely thought to induce inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) Monounsaturated fats (MUFA) and SFA (palmitoleic acid) are purported to have the opposite effect . We examined adipocyte transcriptional networks regulated by individual SFA and MUFA . PA induced the TLR signalling pathway, while PMA had the opposite . SA and OA had similar effects, with increases in key metabolic pathways including mTOR and PPAR signalling . Ccl5 was validated as a candidate gene that may mediate the differential inflammatory effects of SFA . Do individual saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids trigger distinct transcriptional networks in differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes?### Assistant: Individual SFA and MUFA trigger distinct transcriptional responses in differentiated preadipocytes, with inflammatory and metabolic pathways particularly sensitive to these fatty acids.

SFA and MUFA trigger distinct transcriptional responses in differentiated preadipocytes, with inflammatory and metabolic pathways particularly sensitive to these fatty

Are narcotrend and Bispectral Index monitor superior to classic electroencephalographic parameters for the assessment of anesthetic states during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia?

A new electroencephalogram monitor, the Narcotrend, was developed to measure anesthetic depth . The authors investigated 25 patients undergoing laminectomy at different anesthetic states: awake, steady state anesthesia, first reaction during emergence, and extubation . The ability of the classic and processed electroencephalographic and hemodynamic parameters to predict the clinically relevant anesthetic state was tested using prediction probability . Only the NarcOTrend was able to differentiate between awake versus steady state . anesthesia and steady state. anesthesia versus first reaction/extubation with a prediction probability value of more than 0.90 .

Modern electroencephalographic parameters, especially Narcotrend, are more reliable indicators for the clinical assessment of anesthetic states than classic parameters.

yes

### Human: A new electroencephalogram monitor, the Narcotrend, was developed to measure anesthetic depth . The authors investigated 25 patients undergoing laminectomy at different anesthetic states: awake, steady state anesthesia, first reaction during emergence, and extubation . The ability of the classic and processed electroencephalographic and hemodynamic parameters to predict the clinically relevant anesthetic state was tested using prediction probability . Only the NarcOTrend was able to differentiate between awake versus steady state . anesthesia and steady state. anesthesia versus first reaction/extubation with a prediction probability value of more than 0.90 . Are narcotrend and Bispectral Index monitor superior to classic electroencephalographic parameters for the assessment of anesthetic states during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia?### Assistant: Modern electroencephalographic parameters, especially Narcotrend, are more reliable indicators for the clinical assessment of anesthetic states than classic parameters.

Modern electroencephalographic parameters, especially Narcotrend, are more reliable indicators for the clinical assessment of anesthetic states than classic parameters

Does [ siRNA-mediated downregulation of the integrin-linked kinase alter the proliferation and apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells ]?

Human retinoblastoma cells, HXO-Rb(44) cells, were transfected by ILK siRNA successfully with lipofection . ILK mRNA and protein expression was significantly decreased in the ILK group . Cell proliferation inhibition rate in the iRNA intervention group (35.0%) was higher than that in the blank control group . The ratio of Annexin positive cells was highest in ILK intervention group, which was 5.0%, 4.6%, 5.3% in the empty liposome group .

ILK siRNA can downregulate the expression of ILK gene in HXO-Rb(44) cells inhibited the cell proliferation and induced their apoptosis.

yes

### Human: Human retinoblastoma cells, HXO-Rb(44) cells, were transfected by ILK siRNA successfully with lipofection . ILK mRNA and protein expression was significantly decreased in the ILK group . Cell proliferation inhibition rate in the iRNA intervention group (35.0%) was higher than that in the blank control group . The ratio of Annexin positive cells was highest in ILK intervention group, which was 5.0%, 4.6%, 5.3% in the empty liposome group . Does [ siRNA-mediated downregulation of the integrin-linked kinase alter the proliferation and apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells ]?### Assistant: ILK siRNA can downregulate the expression of ILK gene in HXO-Rb(44) cells inhibited the cell proliferation and induced their apoptosis.

ILK siRNA can downregulate the expression of the ILK gene in HXO-Rb(44) cells .

Is angiotropism an independent predictor of microscopic satellites in primary cutaneous melanoma?

MS was defined as a dermal/subcutaneous tumour nodule >0.05 mm separated from the primary tumour by at least 0.3 mm . Angiotropism (23 of 44, 52%) and absent regression were significantly more frequent in melanomas with MS than in those without MS (controls) MS formation was predicted by angiotropist (P = 0.026), Clark level V (P) and acral site (P), MS formation predicted by MS formation . MS formation is likely to explain the development of MS .

Angiotropism predicts MS development. These data provide additional evidence for the importance of angiotropism as a means of melanoma metastasis.

yes

### Human: MS was defined as a dermal/subcutaneous tumour nodule >0.05 mm separated from the primary tumour by at least 0.3 mm . Angiotropism (23 of 44, 52%) and absent regression were significantly more frequent in melanomas with MS than in those without MS (controls) MS formation was predicted by angiotropist (P = 0.026), Clark level V (P) and acral site (P), MS formation predicted by MS formation . MS formation is likely to explain the development of MS . Is angiotropism an independent predictor of microscopic satellites in primary cutaneous melanoma?### Assistant: Angiotropism predicts MS development. These data provide additional evidence for the importance of angiotropism as a means of melanoma metastasis.

Angiotropism predicts MS development . These data provide additional evidence for the importance of angiotropisms .

Is platelet cyclooxygenase inhibition by low-dose aspirin reflected consistently by platelet function assays : implications for aspirin `` resistance ''?

The thromboxane (TX) dependence of biochemical and functional indexes used to monitor the effect of low-dose aspirin was assessed in 48 healthy volunteers . Platelet function largely recovered by day 3 post-aspirin, independently of treatment duration . Adenosine diphosphate- and collagen-induced aggregation was highly variable and poorly affected by aspirin, with an apparent time-dependent reversal . Inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase activity was nonlinearly related to inhibition of platelets .

Platelet cyclooxygenase activity, as reflected by serum TXB(2) levels, is uniformly and persistently suppressed by low-dose aspirin in healthy subjects. However, the effect of aspirin is variably detected by functional assays, potentially leading to misclassification of "responder" as "resistant" phenotypes owing to poor reproducibility of functional measurements. The nonlinearity of the relationship between inhibition of TX production and inhibition of platelet function has important clinical implications.

no

### Human: The thromboxane (TX) dependence of biochemical and functional indexes used to monitor the effect of low-dose aspirin was assessed in 48 healthy volunteers . Platelet function largely recovered by day 3 post-aspirin, independently of treatment duration . Adenosine diphosphate- and collagen-induced aggregation was highly variable and poorly affected by aspirin, with an apparent time-dependent reversal . Inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase activity was nonlinearly related to inhibition of platelets . Is platelet cyclooxygenase inhibition by low-dose aspirin reflected consistently by platelet function assays : implications for aspirin `` resistance ''?### Assistant: Platelet cyclooxygenase activity, as reflected by serum TXB(2) levels, is uniformly and persistently suppressed by low-dose aspirin in healthy subjects. However, the effect of aspirin is variably detected by functional assays, potentially leading to misclassification of "responder" as "resistant" phenotypes owing to poor reproducibility of functional measurements. The nonlinearity of the relationship between inhibition of TX production and inhibition of platelet function has important clinical implications.

Platelet cyclooxygenase activity is uniformly and persistently suppressed by low-dose aspirin in healthy subjects . The nonlinearity

Does integrated HIV DNA accumulate prior to treatment while episomal HIV DNA records ongoing transmission afterwards?

HIV RNA and HIV DNA levels after the commencement of raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in primary (PHI) and chronically HIV-infected (CHI) individuals (the PINT study) We investigated the dynamics of HIV RNA levels after a 1-year combination regimen of Truvada and the integrase inhibitor ralgegraviral . Total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA from CHI patients were significantly higher than from PHI patients . At no time did 2-LTR levels differ between groups .

Integrated HIV DNA levels accumulate with duration of untreated HIV infection. The relatively short half-life and high levels of 2-LTR circles after 1 year support continued HIV transmission during ART.

yes

### Human: HIV RNA and HIV DNA levels after the commencement of raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in primary (PHI) and chronically HIV-infected (CHI) individuals (the PINT study) We investigated the dynamics of HIV RNA levels after a 1-year combination regimen of Truvada and the integrase inhibitor ralgegraviral . Total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA from CHI patients were significantly higher than from PHI patients . At no time did 2-LTR levels differ between groups . Does integrated HIV DNA accumulate prior to treatment while episomal HIV DNA records ongoing transmission afterwards?### Assistant: Integrated HIV DNA levels accumulate with duration of untreated HIV infection. The relatively short half-life and high levels of 2-LTR circles after 1 year support continued HIV transmission during ART.

HIV DNA levels accumulate with duration of untreated HIV infection . The relatively short half-life and high levels of 2-LTR circles after

Does alendronate prevent Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Adjacent to a Lumbar Fusion in Ovariectomized Rats?

Adjacent-segment disc degeneration (ASDD) is one of the negative sequelae of spinal fusion . Previous studies have shown that ALN can alleviate disc degenerate . We determined the effect of alendronate (ALN) on the disc degenerated in ovariectomized rats . The OVX+PLF+ALN group showed more severe degenerative alterations and higher histological scores in the disc than the Sham+V group . Compared with the OVVX group, the OvX+PlF+AlN group exhibited significantly improved bone mass and vertebrae microstructures .

ALN effectively alleviated ASDD post-PLF in ovariectomized rats. These data indicate that ALN can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate ASDD progression in osteoporosis.

yes

### Human: Adjacent-segment disc degeneration (ASDD) is one of the negative sequelae of spinal fusion . Previous studies have shown that ALN can alleviate disc degenerate . We determined the effect of alendronate (ALN) on the disc degenerated in ovariectomized rats . The OVX+PLF+ALN group showed more severe degenerative alterations and higher histological scores in the disc than the Sham+V group . Compared with the OVVX group, the OvX+PlF+AlN group exhibited significantly improved bone mass and vertebrae microstructures . Does alendronate prevent Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Adjacent to a Lumbar Fusion in Ovariectomized Rats?### Assistant: ALN effectively alleviated ASDD post-PLF in ovariectomized rats. These data indicate that ALN can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate ASDD progression in osteoporosis.

ALN effectively alleviated ASDD post-PLF in ovariectomized rats . These data indicate that ALN can be

Do pathological crying caused by high-frequency stimulation in the region of the caudal internal capsule?

Pathological crying has been rarely reported after deep brain stimulation . The exact neural substrate is unknown, but it is often assumed that pathological crying and pseudobulbar syndrome result from disturbances of a common neural pathway . Patients with advanced Parkinson disease received bilateral implantation of deep brain stimulators in her subthalamic nuclei . The woman with Parkinson disease had no other features of pseudoburbar palsy . Patients were treated at a specialist in neurosurgery at a tertiary referral center for neurosurgical surgery .

At least 1 of the pathways controlling crying passes through the region of the caudal internal capsule, and this pathway is distinct from those involved with laughter and nonemotional facial movements. Moreover, different stimulation frequencies may elicit either crying or anxiety but not both.

yes

### Human: Pathological crying has been rarely reported after deep brain stimulation . The exact neural substrate is unknown, but it is often assumed that pathological crying and pseudobulbar syndrome result from disturbances of a common neural pathway . Patients with advanced Parkinson disease received bilateral implantation of deep brain stimulators in her subthalamic nuclei . The woman with Parkinson disease had no other features of pseudoburbar palsy . Patients were treated at a specialist in neurosurgery at a tertiary referral center for neurosurgical surgery . Do pathological crying caused by high-frequency stimulation in the region of the caudal internal capsule?### Assistant: At least 1 of the pathways controlling crying passes through the region of the caudal internal capsule, and this pathway is distinct from those involved with laughter and nonemotional facial movements. Moreover, different stimulation frequencies may elicit either crying or anxiety but not both.

At least 1 of the pathways controlling crying passes through the region of the caudal internal capsule . This pathway is distinct from those involved

Do intraepidermal nerve fibers increase in dry skin of acetone-treated mice?

ICR mice treated with acetone were used as a dry skin model . The study was conducted to reveal a direct link between dry skin and intraepidermal nerve growth . The expression of epidermal NGF and AR at the protein and mRNA levels was increased before the penetration of nerve fibers into the epidermis . No changes of the parameters for barrier disruption and intra-epiderm nerve growth were observed in the control skins . The findings suggest that nerve fibers contribute to itching .

These results suggest that increases of epidermal NGF and AR levels are associated with intraepidermal nerve growth in acetone-treated mice.

yes

### Human: ICR mice treated with acetone were used as a dry skin model . The study was conducted to reveal a direct link between dry skin and intraepidermal nerve growth . The expression of epidermal NGF and AR at the protein and mRNA levels was increased before the penetration of nerve fibers into the epidermis . No changes of the parameters for barrier disruption and intra-epiderm nerve growth were observed in the control skins . The findings suggest that nerve fibers contribute to itching . Do intraepidermal nerve fibers increase in dry skin of acetone-treated mice?### Assistant: These results suggest that increases of epidermal NGF and AR levels are associated with intraepidermal nerve growth in acetone-treated mice.

Epidermal NGF and AR levels are associated with intraepidermal nerve growth in acetone-treated mice . These results suggest

Does a new method for normalized interpretation of antimicrobial resistance from disk test result for comparative purposes?

The method relies on well standardized disk tests, but is independent of differences in differences in MIC limits and zone breakpoints . The normalized interpretation of antimicrobial resistance was tested on results from the Karolinska Hospital (KS) and Växjö Hospital (VX) in Sweden . The method was also tested by two laboratories using the NCCLS standard, and preliminary results showed very good agreement with quality-controlled laboratory interpretations . There were difficulties with E. coli and mecillinam, and S. aureus and tetracycline and rifampicin .

The normalized resistance interpretation offers a new approach to comparative surveillance studies whereby the inhibition zone diameter results from disk tests in clinical laboratories can be used for calibration of the test.

yes

### Human: The method relies on well standardized disk tests, but is independent of differences in differences in MIC limits and zone breakpoints . The normalized interpretation of antimicrobial resistance was tested on results from the Karolinska Hospital (KS) and Växjö Hospital (VX) in Sweden . The method was also tested by two laboratories using the NCCLS standard, and preliminary results showed very good agreement with quality-controlled laboratory interpretations . There were difficulties with E. coli and mecillinam, and S. aureus and tetracycline and rifampicin . Does a new method for normalized interpretation of antimicrobial resistance from disk test result for comparative purposes?### Assistant: The normalized resistance interpretation offers a new approach to comparative surveillance studies whereby the inhibition zone diameter results from disk tests in clinical laboratories can be used for calibration of the test.

The normalized resistance interpretation offers a new approach to comparative surveillance studies . The inhibition zone diameter results from disk tests in clinical laboratories can be used

Does high washout rate of iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging predict the outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences after ablation may be due to excessive sympathetic nervous activity . The (123) I-MIBG scintigraphy demonstrated an enhanced adrenergic nervous function in patients with both paroxysmal and persistent AF . During a mean follow-up period of 13.5 ± 2.2 months after the ablation, 25 (28%) patients had AF recurries . The univariate predictors of an AF recurrence were the duration of the AF history, left atrial dimension, and washout rate .

Excessive sympathetic nervous activation may be one of the mechanisms of AF recurrences. The evaluation of the cardiac nerve activity using (123) I-MIBG scintigraphy shortly after the AF ablation may be a promising tool to predict the patient's outcome.

yes

### Human: Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences after ablation may be due to excessive sympathetic nervous activity . The (123) I-MIBG scintigraphy demonstrated an enhanced adrenergic nervous function in patients with both paroxysmal and persistent AF . During a mean follow-up period of 13.5 ± 2.2 months after the ablation, 25 (28%) patients had AF recurries . The univariate predictors of an AF recurrence were the duration of the AF history, left atrial dimension, and washout rate . Does high washout rate of iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging predict the outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation?### Assistant: Excessive sympathetic nervous activation may be one of the mechanisms of AF recurrences. The evaluation of the cardiac nerve activity using (123) I-MIBG scintigraphy shortly after the AF ablation may be a promising tool to predict the patient's outcome.

The evaluation of the cardiac nerve activity using (123) I-MIBG scintigraphy shortly after the AF ablation may be

Do germinal centre CD4+ T cells are an important site of HIV replication in vivo?

HIV antigen concentration accumulates on the cell surface of follicular dendritic cells in the germinal centres of the lymphoid tissue . Germinal centre centres contain a T-helper cell subset which expresses CD57 molecules . CD57+CD4+ germina centre T cells were found to be more infected than CD57-CD4+. Active viral replication was detected almost exclusively in the CD57+. T cells found mostly outside germinasional centres (CD57+ CD4+)

The CD57+CD4+ germinal centre T cells are one of the sites of HIV infection and replication that may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

yes

### Human: HIV antigen concentration accumulates on the cell surface of follicular dendritic cells in the germinal centres of the lymphoid tissue . Germinal centre centres contain a T-helper cell subset which expresses CD57 molecules . CD57+CD4+ germina centre T cells were found to be more infected than CD57-CD4+. Active viral replication was detected almost exclusively in the CD57+. T cells found mostly outside germinasional centres (CD57+ CD4+) Do germinal centre CD4+ T cells are an important site of HIV replication in vivo?### Assistant: The CD57+CD4+ germinal centre T cells are one of the sites of HIV infection and replication that may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

CD57+CD4+ germinal centre T cells are one of the sites of HIV infection and replication that may play a pivotal

Does inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase attenuate butyrate-induced intestinal barrier impairment in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model?

Butyrate is well known to induce apoptosis in differentiating intestinal epithelial cells . The study was designed to examine the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in butyrate-induced intestinal barrier impairment . SB203580, a specific p38 inhibitor, inhibits butyratate--induced Caco-2 cell apoptosis . Treatment of SB20 3580 significantly attenuates the butyrates-induced impairment of barrier functions in the Caco2 cell monolayer model .

p38 MAPK can be activated by butyrate and is involved in the butyrate-induced apoptosis and impairment of intestinal barrier function. Inhibition of p38 MAPK can significantly attenuate butyrate-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.

yes

### Human: Butyrate is well known to induce apoptosis in differentiating intestinal epithelial cells . The study was designed to examine the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in butyrate-induced intestinal barrier impairment . SB203580, a specific p38 inhibitor, inhibits butyratate--induced Caco-2 cell apoptosis . Treatment of SB20 3580 significantly attenuates the butyrates-induced impairment of barrier functions in the Caco2 cell monolayer model . Does inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase attenuate butyrate-induced intestinal barrier impairment in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model?### Assistant: p38 MAPK can be activated by butyrate and is involved in the butyrate-induced apoptosis and impairment of intestinal barrier function. Inhibition of p38 MAPK can significantly attenuate butyrate-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.

p38 MAPK is involved in the butyrate-induced apoptosis and impairment of intestinal barrier function . Inhibition of p38

Do p53 and p73 expression in esophageal carcinoma correlate with clinicopathology of tumors?

Inactivation of tumor suppressors like p53 and p73 plays an important role in cancer initiation . There was a positive correlation between p53 expression and esophageal cancer (p<0.05) of tumors . Analysis of clinicopathological features revealed that p53 was correlated with differentiation, distant metastases, and TNM stage . In contrast, p73 expression was correlated only with distant metastasites (p <0.01) of tumor tumors, but not with gender; age, age, infiltration depth, tumor size or lymph node metastasis .

Increased expression of p53 and p73 in esophageal carcinoma may serve as an indicator of tumor severity. Detection of these proteins in future studies may help understand the mechanisms of development, invasion and metastasis in esophageal cancer.

yes

### Human: Inactivation of tumor suppressors like p53 and p73 plays an important role in cancer initiation . There was a positive correlation between p53 expression and esophageal cancer (p<0.05) of tumors . Analysis of clinicopathological features revealed that p53 was correlated with differentiation, distant metastases, and TNM stage . In contrast, p73 expression was correlated only with distant metastasites (p <0.01) of tumor tumors, but not with gender; age, age, infiltration depth, tumor size or lymph node metastasis . Do p53 and p73 expression in esophageal carcinoma correlate with clinicopathology of tumors?### Assistant: Increased expression of p53 and p73 in esophageal carcinoma may serve as an indicator of tumor severity. Detection of these proteins in future studies may help understand the mechanisms of development, invasion and metastasis in esophageal cancer.

Increased expression of p53 and p73 in esophageal carcinoma may serve as an indicator of tumor severity . Detection of these

Does shorter abstinence decrease sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in ejaculate?

To evaluate relationship between duration of sexual abstinence and sperm selection on sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) Lower baseline levels of SDF were observed after shorter periods of abstinence between ejaculations (24 hours and 3 hours) than those recommended . This effect is much more marked after quick repetitive ejaculation (3 hours of abstinence) and sperm . SDF assessment using sperm chromatin the dispersión test (Halosperm) in two cohorts of normozoospermic men . This study was conducted by Fertility and IVF unit and university unit .

The present results challenge the role of abstinence in current male infertility treatments and suggest that SDF can be efficiently reduced by a biological practice consisting of short-term recurrent ejaculation coupled with effective sperm selection.

yes

### Human: To evaluate relationship between duration of sexual abstinence and sperm selection on sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) Lower baseline levels of SDF were observed after shorter periods of abstinence between ejaculations (24 hours and 3 hours) than those recommended . This effect is much more marked after quick repetitive ejaculation (3 hours of abstinence) and sperm . SDF assessment using sperm chromatin the dispersión test (Halosperm) in two cohorts of normozoospermic men . This study was conducted by Fertility and IVF unit and university unit . Does shorter abstinence decrease sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in ejaculate?### Assistant: The present results challenge the role of abstinence in current male infertility treatments and suggest that SDF can be efficiently reduced by a biological practice consisting of short-term recurrent ejaculation coupled with effective sperm selection.

The present results challenge the role of abstinence in current male infertility treatments and suggest that SDF can be efficiently reduced by short-term recurrent

Is laparoscopic radical trachelectomy an alternative to laparotomy with improved perioperative outcomes in patients with early-stage cervical cancer?

The aim of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes between laparoscopic (LRT) and abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART) The median operative time was longer with the laparoscary approach (320 versus 192.5 minutes) Early grade 1 to 2 postoperative morbidity (mainly high urinary residuals) was comparable between groups; however, more grade 3 and late morbidity events were recorded in the ART group . The median length of the parametrial tissue removed was shorter in LRT versus ART (P = 0.022)

This first comparison study between LRT and ART for fertility preservation in women with cervical cancer shows that laparoscopy performed better in terms of blood loss and length of stay. Laparoscopic radical trachelectomy could be the preferred option for these patients; however, further studies are needed to confirm comparable survival outcomes.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes between laparoscopic (LRT) and abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART) The median operative time was longer with the laparoscary approach (320 versus 192.5 minutes) Early grade 1 to 2 postoperative morbidity (mainly high urinary residuals) was comparable between groups; however, more grade 3 and late morbidity events were recorded in the ART group . The median length of the parametrial tissue removed was shorter in LRT versus ART (P = 0.022) Is laparoscopic radical trachelectomy an alternative to laparotomy with improved perioperative outcomes in patients with early-stage cervical cancer?### Assistant: This first comparison study between LRT and ART for fertility preservation in women with cervical cancer shows that laparoscopy performed better in terms of blood loss and length of stay. Laparoscopic radical trachelectomy could be the preferred option for these patients; however, further studies are needed to confirm comparable survival outcomes.

Laparoscopy performed better in terms of blood loss and length of stay . Laparoscopic radical trachelectomy could be the

Does nitric oxide modulate the hyperalgesic response to mechanical noxious stimuli in sleep-deprived rats?

The hyperalgesia observed after mechanical nociceptive stimulus is reversed through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition . Both nitric . oxide (NO) and the . dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (dlPAG) area of the brainstem are involved in hyperalgeia . We also evaluated the effects of pre-treatment with L-NAME on these parameters . These data revealed that PSD reduced the hindpaw withdrawal threshold (-47%, p < > 0.0001) confirming the hyperalgaic effect of this condition .

These data suggest that the hyperalgesic response to mechanical noxious stimuli in paradoxical sleep-deprived rats is associated with increased NOS activity in the dlPAG, which presumably influences the descending antinociceptive pathway.

yes

### Human: The hyperalgesia observed after mechanical nociceptive stimulus is reversed through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition . Both nitric . oxide (NO) and the . dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (dlPAG) area of the brainstem are involved in hyperalgeia . We also evaluated the effects of pre-treatment with L-NAME on these parameters . These data revealed that PSD reduced the hindpaw withdrawal threshold (-47%, p < > 0.0001) confirming the hyperalgaic effect of this condition . Does nitric oxide modulate the hyperalgesic response to mechanical noxious stimuli in sleep-deprived rats?### Assistant: These data suggest that the hyperalgesic response to mechanical noxious stimuli in paradoxical sleep-deprived rats is associated with increased NOS activity in the dlPAG, which presumably influences the descending antinociceptive pathway.

The hyperalgesic response to mechanical noxious stimuli in paradoxical sleep-deprived rats is associated with increased NOS activity in

Do estimation of aerobic fitness from 20-m multistage shuttle run test performance?

Criterion-referenced (CR) assessments are used in FITNESSGRAM(®) to assess health risk . The study was to develop and cross-validate regression models to estimate VO(2)max from Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) 20-m shuttle run performance in boys and girls aged 10-16 years . Cross-validation demonstrated that the Quadratic Model and Linear Model 2 were slightly more accurate than previous PACER models . Evidence of CR validity for the newly developed models was of moderate levels .

The Quadratic Model and Linear Model 2 provide valid estimates of VO(2)max and compare favorably to previous models. The CR validity evidence for the Quadratic Model and Linear Models developed in this study was slightly better than for the other models examined.

yes

### Human: Criterion-referenced (CR) assessments are used in FITNESSGRAM(®) to assess health risk . The study was to develop and cross-validate regression models to estimate VO(2)max from Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) 20-m shuttle run performance in boys and girls aged 10-16 years . Cross-validation demonstrated that the Quadratic Model and Linear Model 2 were slightly more accurate than previous PACER models . Evidence of CR validity for the newly developed models was of moderate levels . Do estimation of aerobic fitness from 20-m multistage shuttle run test performance?### Assistant: The Quadratic Model and Linear Model 2 provide valid estimates of VO(2)max and compare favorably to previous models. The CR validity evidence for the Quadratic Model and Linear Models developed in this study was slightly better than for the other models examined.

Quadratic Model and Linear Model 2 provide valid estimates of VO(2)max . CR validity evidence for the Quadratics Model

Is reduced expression of p16 and p27 correlated with tumour progression in cutaneous melanoma?

A significant loss of expression of p16 and p27 was found with tumour progression . Neither p16 nor p27 expression was significantly correlated with overall survival, disease free survival or other clinicopathological markers . The study was conducted with 39 patients with melanoma primaries from the Sydney Melanoma Unit database . The median follow-up period was 43.3 months and the median follow up period of follow-ups was 43 months . The findings were published in the journal Human Oncure .

The CDKIs p16 and p27 are associated with tumour progression in melanoma, but do not reliably predict recurrence or survival.

yes

### Human: A significant loss of expression of p16 and p27 was found with tumour progression . Neither p16 nor p27 expression was significantly correlated with overall survival, disease free survival or other clinicopathological markers . The study was conducted with 39 patients with melanoma primaries from the Sydney Melanoma Unit database . The median follow-up period was 43.3 months and the median follow up period of follow-ups was 43 months . The findings were published in the journal Human Oncure . Is reduced expression of p16 and p27 correlated with tumour progression in cutaneous melanoma?### Assistant: The CDKIs p16 and p27 are associated with tumour progression in melanoma, but do not reliably predict recurrence or survival.

CDKIs p16 and p27 are associated with tumour progression in melanoma, but do not reliably predict recurrence or survival

Is troponin T an independent predictor of mortality in renal transplant recipients?

The aim of this study was to assess the use of Troponin T as a prognostic marker in a population of renal transplant recipients . An elevated level of the protein remained a significant predictor of mortality following adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (P < 0.001), Cox Regression analysis found . The study was conducted between June 2000 and December 2002 and prospective follow-up data were collected at a median of 1739 days . It was the first study to find that an elevated Tropinin T level was a significant predict of mortality .

Elevated Troponin T level is a strong independent predictor of all cause mortality in patients with a renal transplant. Troponin T, therefore, represents a promising biochemical marker that identifies those renal transplant recipients who are most likely to benefit from aggressive cardiovascular risk factor modification.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study was to assess the use of Troponin T as a prognostic marker in a population of renal transplant recipients . An elevated level of the protein remained a significant predictor of mortality following adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (P < 0.001), Cox Regression analysis found . The study was conducted between June 2000 and December 2002 and prospective follow-up data were collected at a median of 1739 days . It was the first study to find that an elevated Tropinin T level was a significant predict of mortality . Is troponin T an independent predictor of mortality in renal transplant recipients?### Assistant: Elevated Troponin T level is a strong independent predictor of all cause mortality in patients with a renal transplant. Troponin T, therefore, represents a promising biochemical marker that identifies those renal transplant recipients who are most likely to benefit from aggressive cardiovascular risk factor modification.

Troponin T is a promising biochemical marker that identifies those renal transplant recipients who are most likely to benefit from aggressive cardiovascular risk factor modification

Does doublet electrical stimulation enhance torque production in people with spinal cord injury?

Study compared effects of hybrid patterns of muscle stimulation in individuals with acute and chronic SCI . The chronically paralyzed soleus was highly fatigable with a fatigue index (FI) of 19% ± 6%, whereas the acutely paralyzed soleis was fatigue resistant (FI = 89% ± 8%) The acutely paralyzed group showed minimal change in peak and mean torque with the DT protocol . The DT protocol increased the rate of torque development before fatigue (42% ± 78%), after fatigue (62% ± 52%), and during recovery (87% ± 54% to 101% ± 56%; P < .05)

Chronic reduced activity is associated with muscle adaptations (slow to fast) that render the muscle more amenable to force enhancement through doublet train activation after fatigue. These findings are applicable to patients using neuromuscular stimulation.

yes

### Human: Study compared effects of hybrid patterns of muscle stimulation in individuals with acute and chronic SCI . The chronically paralyzed soleus was highly fatigable with a fatigue index (FI) of 19% ± 6%, whereas the acutely paralyzed soleis was fatigue resistant (FI = 89% ± 8%) The acutely paralyzed group showed minimal change in peak and mean torque with the DT protocol . The DT protocol increased the rate of torque development before fatigue (42% ± 78%), after fatigue (62% ± 52%), and during recovery (87% ± 54% to 101% ± 56%; P < .05) Does doublet electrical stimulation enhance torque production in people with spinal cord injury?### Assistant: Chronic reduced activity is associated with muscle adaptations (slow to fast) that render the muscle more amenable to force enhancement through doublet train activation after fatigue. These findings are applicable to patients using neuromuscular stimulation.

Chronic reduced activity is associated with muscle adaptations (slow to fast) that render the muscle more amenable to force enhancement through doublet train

Are increased levels of hemostatic proteins independent of inflammation in glycogen storage disease type Ia?

The proteins of the hemostatic system were analyzed according to their site of synthesis: hepatocyte, endothelial cell, or both . The role of inflammation was investigated by the measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in plasma . In patients with GSD-Ia, there was a two-fold increase in all hepatocyte-synthesized proteins compared with control subjects and patients with other types of GSD .

These results suggest that the hyperproteinemia of GSD-Ia (including hemostatic proteins) is attributable to hepatocyte dysfunction and not related to an inflammatory process.

yes

### Human: The proteins of the hemostatic system were analyzed according to their site of synthesis: hepatocyte, endothelial cell, or both . The role of inflammation was investigated by the measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in plasma . In patients with GSD-Ia, there was a two-fold increase in all hepatocyte-synthesized proteins compared with control subjects and patients with other types of GSD . Are increased levels of hemostatic proteins independent of inflammation in glycogen storage disease type Ia?### Assistant: These results suggest that the hyperproteinemia of GSD-Ia (including hemostatic proteins) is attributable to hepatocyte dysfunction and not related to an inflammatory process.

These results suggest that the hyperproteinemia of GSD-Ia (including hemostatic proteins) is attributable to hepat

Is occurrence of delirium severely underestimated in the ICU during daily care?

ICU patients in a 3-month period who stayed for more than 48 h were screened daily for delirium by attending intensivists and ICU nurses . The Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) was used as a validated screening instrument . During the study period, 46 patients (30 male, 16 female) with an ICU stay of 6 days were evaluated . Delirium occurred in 50% of the patients with a duration of 3 days (range 1-9) Days with delirum were poorly recognized by doctors (sensitivity 28.0%; specificity 100%)

Delirium is severely under recognized in the ICU by intensivists and ICU nurses in daily care. More attention should be paid to the implementation of a validated delirium-screening instrument during daily ICU care.

yes

### Human: ICU patients in a 3-month period who stayed for more than 48 h were screened daily for delirium by attending intensivists and ICU nurses . The Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) was used as a validated screening instrument . During the study period, 46 patients (30 male, 16 female) with an ICU stay of 6 days were evaluated . Delirium occurred in 50% of the patients with a duration of 3 days (range 1-9) Days with delirum were poorly recognized by doctors (sensitivity 28.0%; specificity 100%) Is occurrence of delirium severely underestimated in the ICU during daily care?### Assistant: Delirium is severely under recognized in the ICU by intensivists and ICU nurses in daily care. More attention should be paid to the implementation of a validated delirium-screening instrument during daily ICU care.

Delirium is severely under recognized in the ICU by ICU nurses in daily care . More attention should be paid to the implementation

Is the development of atopic dermatitis independent of Immunoglobulin E up-regulation in the K14-IL-4 SKH1 transgenic mouse model?

The aim of this study was to develop a non-IgE-associated atopic dermatitis model in K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice . We have successfully generated an IgE--associated (extrinsic/allergic) mouse model of atopic . dermatitis in human patients raises the question on the role of IgE in the pathogenesis of the pathogen . We also found that the inability of CD4(+) T cells of the K14 .

K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice developed skin inflammation that resembled human intrinsic atopic dermatitis. Therefore, this model may be suitable to study the pathogenesis of intrinsic atopic dermatitis.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study was to develop a non-IgE-associated atopic dermatitis model in K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice . We have successfully generated an IgE--associated (extrinsic/allergic) mouse model of atopic . dermatitis in human patients raises the question on the role of IgE in the pathogenesis of the pathogen . We also found that the inability of CD4(+) T cells of the K14 . Is the development of atopic dermatitis independent of Immunoglobulin E up-regulation in the K14-IL-4 SKH1 transgenic mouse model?### Assistant: K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice developed skin inflammation that resembled human intrinsic atopic dermatitis. Therefore, this model may be suitable to study the pathogenesis of intrinsic atopic dermatitis.

K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice developed skin inflammation that resembled human intrinsic atopic dermatitis . This

Does prestimulus vigilance predict response speed in an easy visual discrimination task?

24 female students performed an easy visual discrimination task while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded . The vigilance stages of 1-sec-EEG-segments before stimulus presentation were classified automatically using the computer-based Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL) We hypothesised that a low EEG-vigilance state immediately before a reaction task would entail a longer RT . Shorter RTs were expected for a high EEG-Vigilance . The main effect of the sub-stage analysis was marginal significant .

We conclude that an automatically classified low EEG-vigilance level is associated with an increased RT. Thus, intra-individual variances in cognitive test might be explainable in parts by the individual state of EEG-vigilance. Therefore, the accuracy of neuro-cognitive investigations might be improvable by simultaneously controlling for vigilance shifts using the EEG and VIGALL.

yes

### Human: 24 female students performed an easy visual discrimination task while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded . The vigilance stages of 1-sec-EEG-segments before stimulus presentation were classified automatically using the computer-based Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL) We hypothesised that a low EEG-vigilance state immediately before a reaction task would entail a longer RT . Shorter RTs were expected for a high EEG-Vigilance . The main effect of the sub-stage analysis was marginal significant . Does prestimulus vigilance predict response speed in an easy visual discrimination task?### Assistant: We conclude that an automatically classified low EEG-vigilance level is associated with an increased RT. Thus, intra-individual variances in cognitive test might be explainable in parts by the individual state of EEG-vigilance. Therefore, the accuracy of neuro-cognitive investigations might be improvable by simultaneously controlling for vigilance shifts using the EEG and VIGALL.

An automatically classified low EEG-vigilance level is associated with an increased RT . We conclude that intra-individual variances in cognitive

Is gly388Arg FGFR4 Polymorphism Predictive of Everolimus Efficacy in Well-Differentiated Digestive Neuroendocrine Tumors?

Preclinical data suggest that the single nucleotide polymorphism may increase the proliferation of xenografted neuroendocrine cell lines and decrease their sensitivity to everolimus . At least one 388Arg allele was found in 14/23 PNET and 10/11 SBNET patients . Progression-free survival in the whole population and the PNET subgroup was not influenced by the presence of one or two 388Arg alleles . Overall survival was not affected by one or more 388Arg . Finally, mTOR pathway molecule expression was not modified .

The Gly388Arg FGFR4 polymorphism does not seem to have a prognostic value in digestive NET. In addition, it neither predicts the response to everolimus nor modifies the activation of the mTOR pathway.

no

### Human: Preclinical data suggest that the single nucleotide polymorphism may increase the proliferation of xenografted neuroendocrine cell lines and decrease their sensitivity to everolimus . At least one 388Arg allele was found in 14/23 PNET and 10/11 SBNET patients . Progression-free survival in the whole population and the PNET subgroup was not influenced by the presence of one or two 388Arg alleles . Overall survival was not affected by one or more 388Arg . Finally, mTOR pathway molecule expression was not modified . Is gly388Arg FGFR4 Polymorphism Predictive of Everolimus Efficacy in Well-Differentiated Digestive Neuroendocrine Tumors?### Assistant: The Gly388Arg FGFR4 polymorphism does not seem to have a prognostic value in digestive NET. In addition, it neither predicts the response to everolimus nor modifies the activation of the mTOR pathway.

Gly388Arg FGFR4 polymorphism does not seem to have a prognostic value in digestive NET . In addition, it neither predicts

Is high expression of forkhead box protein C2 related to poor prognosis in human gliomas?

The relationship between FOXC2 and the progression of human gliomas remains to be clarified . The aim of present study was to assess FOXC1 expression and to explore its contribution in human gloomas . High FOXC 2 expression was significantly associated with advanced pathological grade (P=0.005) and the low Karnofsky performance score (KPS) The relative mRNA expression of FOXCII was significantly higher in glioma tissues than the corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissues (p<0.001)

FOXC2 may act as an oncogenic gene and represent a potential regulator of aggressive development and a candidate prognostic marker in human gliomas.

yes

### Human: The relationship between FOXC2 and the progression of human gliomas remains to be clarified . The aim of present study was to assess FOXC1 expression and to explore its contribution in human gloomas . High FOXC 2 expression was significantly associated with advanced pathological grade (P=0.005) and the low Karnofsky performance score (KPS) The relative mRNA expression of FOXCII was significantly higher in glioma tissues than the corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissues (p<0.001) Is high expression of forkhead box protein C2 related to poor prognosis in human gliomas?### Assistant: FOXC2 may act as an oncogenic gene and represent a potential regulator of aggressive development and a candidate prognostic marker in human gliomas.

FOXC2 may act as an oncogenic gene and represent a potential regulator of aggressive development and a candidate prognostic marker in human

Does nitrate enhance skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation via a nitric oxide-cGMP-PPAR-mediated mechanism?

Insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle is associated with metabolic flexibility, including a high capacity to increase fatty acid (FA) oxidation in response to increased lipid supply . Nitrate induces FA oxidation through a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cGMP-mediated PPARβ/δ- and PPARα-dependent mechanism . At higher doses, nitrate induces mitochondrial biogenesis, further increasing FA oxidation and lowering long-chain FA concentrations . Enhancement of muscle FA oxidation is emerging as a strategy to treat metabolic disease .

Nitrate may therefore be effective in the treatment of metabolic disease by inducing FA oxidation in muscle.

yes

### Human: Insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle is associated with metabolic flexibility, including a high capacity to increase fatty acid (FA) oxidation in response to increased lipid supply . Nitrate induces FA oxidation through a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cGMP-mediated PPARβ/δ- and PPARα-dependent mechanism . At higher doses, nitrate induces mitochondrial biogenesis, further increasing FA oxidation and lowering long-chain FA concentrations . Enhancement of muscle FA oxidation is emerging as a strategy to treat metabolic disease . Does nitrate enhance skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation via a nitric oxide-cGMP-PPAR-mediated mechanism?### Assistant: Nitrate may therefore be effective in the treatment of metabolic disease by inducing FA oxidation in muscle.

Nitrate may be effective in the treatment of metabolic disease by inducing FA oxidation in muscle . Nitrate is effective in treating metabolic disease .

Does ucFabV require Functional Reductase Activity to Confer Reduced Triclosan Susceptibility in Escherichia coli?

The active enzyme encoded by Triclo1 is ucFabV, which is homologous to FabV from other organisms . The wild-type enzyme confers increased triclosan tolerance when introduced into E. coli, whereas the mutant remained susceptible to tricloan . wild-Type uc FabV, but not the mutant, functionally replaced FabI within living cells . wild type ucfabV, however, functionally replaces FabI in living cells, and the wild type replaced FabV .

ucFabV confers increased tolerance through its function as an enoyl-ACP reductase. Furthermore, ucFabV is capable of restoring viability in the presence of compromised FabI, suggesting ucFabV is likely facilitating an alternate step within fatty acid synthesis, bypassing FabI inhibition.

yes

### Human: The active enzyme encoded by Triclo1 is ucFabV, which is homologous to FabV from other organisms . The wild-type enzyme confers increased triclosan tolerance when introduced into E. coli, whereas the mutant remained susceptible to tricloan . wild-Type uc FabV, but not the mutant, functionally replaced FabI within living cells . wild type ucfabV, however, functionally replaces FabI in living cells, and the wild type replaced FabV . Does ucFabV require Functional Reductase Activity to Confer Reduced Triclosan Susceptibility in Escherichia coli?### Assistant: ucFabV confers increased tolerance through its function as an enoyl-ACP reductase. Furthermore, ucFabV is capable of restoring viability in the presence of compromised FabI, suggesting ucFabV is likely facilitating an alternate step within fatty acid synthesis, bypassing FabI inhibition.

ucFabV confers increased tolerance through its function as an enoyl-ACP reductase . Furthermore, ucFabV

Does operative Variability Among Residents have Increased Since Implementation of the 80-Hour Workweek?

ACGME instituted duty hour restrictions in 2003 . This presents a challenge for surgical residents who must acquire a medical and technical knowledge base during their training . No change in operative volume was seen after the 2003 duty hour reform, however, there was an increase in operative variability . The residents who graduated with the highest operative volume were more likely to be action-based learners (odds ratio = 6.81; 95% CI, 2.84-16.34; p < 0.001)

After the implementation of the 80-hour workweek, we found a significant increase in operative variability. This might suggest a growing disparity in the operative experience among surgical residents and, consequently, a varying quality of graduating residents. Programs should therefore consider using learning styles and developing competency-based training curricula to ensure equitable training among all trainees.

yes

### Human: ACGME instituted duty hour restrictions in 2003 . This presents a challenge for surgical residents who must acquire a medical and technical knowledge base during their training . No change in operative volume was seen after the 2003 duty hour reform, however, there was an increase in operative variability . The residents who graduated with the highest operative volume were more likely to be action-based learners (odds ratio = 6.81; 95% CI, 2.84-16.34; p < 0.001) Does operative Variability Among Residents have Increased Since Implementation of the 80-Hour Workweek?### Assistant: After the implementation of the 80-hour workweek, we found a significant increase in operative variability. This might suggest a growing disparity in the operative experience among surgical residents and, consequently, a varying quality of graduating residents. Programs should therefore consider using learning styles and developing competency-based training curricula to ensure equitable training among all trainees.

After the implementation of the 80-hour workweek, we found a significant increase in operative variability . Programs should consider using learning styles and

Are decreased serum fetuin-A levels associated with coronary artery diseases?

Logarithmic transformations were made for Fetuin-A levels . Log-Fetuin levels were higher in non-cardiac subjects compared to MI and SA patients (p<0.05) Levels of sVCAM-1 in patients with coronary atherosclerosis were not different from those in patients in non .cardiac patients showed lower levels than controls but higher levels as compared to those in MI patients . Patients with SA showed lower . levels than . controls but high levels as . compared to patients with MI patients. After controlling for age and gender, .

Serum levels of soluble VCAM-1, ICAM-1 were not related to coronary artery disease (CAD), but fetuin-A levels seems to be decreased in SA and MI patients. Low fetuin-A may play a role in the pathophysiology of CAD.

yes

### Human: Logarithmic transformations were made for Fetuin-A levels . Log-Fetuin levels were higher in non-cardiac subjects compared to MI and SA patients (p<0.05) Levels of sVCAM-1 in patients with coronary atherosclerosis were not different from those in patients in non .cardiac patients showed lower levels than controls but higher levels as compared to those in MI patients . Patients with SA showed lower . levels than . controls but high levels as . compared to patients with MI patients. After controlling for age and gender, . Are decreased serum fetuin-A levels associated with coronary artery diseases?### Assistant: Serum levels of soluble VCAM-1, ICAM-1 were not related to coronary artery disease (CAD), but fetuin-A levels seems to be decreased in SA and MI patients. Low fetuin-A may play a role in the pathophysiology of CAD.

Fetuin-A levels seems to be decreased in SA and MI patients . Low fetuin A may play a role in the path

Does moderate exercise restore pancreatic beta-cell function and autonomic nervous system activity in obese rats induced by high-fat diet?

Exercise prevented obesity, insulin resistance, liver steatosis and liver steats . Islets from HFD rats showed insulin hypersecretion which was ameliorated by exercise . Exercise decreased vagal nerve activity in the HFD-EXE group and increased the activity of the sympathetic nervous system in both exercised groups . Exercise prevented weight loss, obesity and insulin resistance as well as improved total cholesterol, ALT, and AST levels. Exercise decreased the vagal nervous system activity in both exercise groups .

Exercise prevents obesity and liver steatosis and restores pancreatic beta-cell function and ANS activity in HFD-obese rats.

yes

### Human: Exercise prevented obesity, insulin resistance, liver steatosis and liver steats . Islets from HFD rats showed insulin hypersecretion which was ameliorated by exercise . Exercise decreased vagal nerve activity in the HFD-EXE group and increased the activity of the sympathetic nervous system in both exercised groups . Exercise prevented weight loss, obesity and insulin resistance as well as improved total cholesterol, ALT, and AST levels. Exercise decreased the vagal nervous system activity in both exercise groups . Does moderate exercise restore pancreatic beta-cell function and autonomic nervous system activity in obese rats induced by high-fat diet?### Assistant: Exercise prevents obesity and liver steatosis and restores pancreatic beta-cell function and ANS activity in HFD-obese rats.

Exercise prevents obesity and liver steatosis and restores pancreatic beta-cell function and ANS activity .

Does long non-coding RNA TUG1 act as a miR-26a sponge in human glioma cells?

Study aims to explore the potential function of TUG1 in glioma by sponging miR-26a . Tug1 expression was confirmed to be upregulated in glooma tissues, and showed an inverse correlation with downregulated miR 26a . The bioinformatics prediction revealed putative miR.-26a binding sites within TUG 1 transcripts . Further experiments demonstrated the positive regulation of Tug 1 on the miR26a target, PTEN, wherein TUGone could inhibit the negative regulation of miR -26a on PTEN by binding its 3'UTR .

TUG1 could serve as a miR-26a sponge in human glioma cells, contributing to the upregulation of PTEN. This study revealed a new TUG1/miR-26a/PTEN regulatory mechanism and provided a further understanding of the tumor-suppressive role of TUG1 in glioma development.

yes

### Human: Study aims to explore the potential function of TUG1 in glioma by sponging miR-26a . Tug1 expression was confirmed to be upregulated in glooma tissues, and showed an inverse correlation with downregulated miR 26a . The bioinformatics prediction revealed putative miR.-26a binding sites within TUG 1 transcripts . Further experiments demonstrated the positive regulation of Tug 1 on the miR26a target, PTEN, wherein TUGone could inhibit the negative regulation of miR -26a on PTEN by binding its 3'UTR . Does long non-coding RNA TUG1 act as a miR-26a sponge in human glioma cells?### Assistant: TUG1 could serve as a miR-26a sponge in human glioma cells, contributing to the upregulation of PTEN. This study revealed a new TUG1/miR-26a/PTEN regulatory mechanism and provided a further understanding of the tumor-suppressive role of TUG1 in glioma development.

TUG1 could serve as a miR-26a sponge in human glioma cells, contributing to the upregulation of PT

Are plasma ghrelin concentrations positively associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis in males?

Ghrelin binds to growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) GHSR density has been shown to be upregulated in atherosclerotic lesions . Relationship between ghrelin concentration and atherosclerosis has not yet been studied . There was a positive association between mean IMT and ghrein concentration in the analysis of males before and after adjustments for the traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease . However, no such association was found in females (P = 0.985) There was no correlation between ghreins and CRP concentrations .

Ghrelin concentrations and carotid artery atherosclerosis are positively associated in males even after adjustment for the commonly recognized risk factors of atherosclerosis. Experimental and prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the role of ghrelin in atherosclerosis.

yes

### Human: Ghrelin binds to growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) GHSR density has been shown to be upregulated in atherosclerotic lesions . Relationship between ghrelin concentration and atherosclerosis has not yet been studied . There was a positive association between mean IMT and ghrein concentration in the analysis of males before and after adjustments for the traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease . However, no such association was found in females (P = 0.985) There was no correlation between ghreins and CRP concentrations . Are plasma ghrelin concentrations positively associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis in males?### Assistant: Ghrelin concentrations and carotid artery atherosclerosis are positively associated in males even after adjustment for the commonly recognized risk factors of atherosclerosis. Experimental and prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the role of ghrelin in atherosclerosis.

Ghrelin concentrations and carotid artery atherosclerosis are positively associated in males even after adjustment for the commonly recognized risk factors of

Does anti-glycoprotein VI treatment severely compromise hemostasis in mice with reduced alpha2beta1 levels or concomitant aspirin therapy?

The activating platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI (GP VI), may serve as a powerful antithrombotic target . Platelet adhesion to collagen was studied in an ex vivo whole-blood perfusion system under high shear conditions . The process required the simultaneous activation of the G(q) and G13 signaling pathways, as demonstrated by use of the respective knockout strains . Conversely, inhibition of TxA2 production by aspirin severely compromised hemostasis in anti-GP VI-treated mice .

Anti-GP VI therapy may result in defective hemostasis in patients with reduced alpha2beta1 levels or concomitant aspirin therapy. These observations may have important implications for a potential use of anti-GP VI-based therapeutics in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

yes

### Human: The activating platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI (GP VI), may serve as a powerful antithrombotic target . Platelet adhesion to collagen was studied in an ex vivo whole-blood perfusion system under high shear conditions . The process required the simultaneous activation of the G(q) and G13 signaling pathways, as demonstrated by use of the respective knockout strains . Conversely, inhibition of TxA2 production by aspirin severely compromised hemostasis in anti-GP VI-treated mice . Does anti-glycoprotein VI treatment severely compromise hemostasis in mice with reduced alpha2beta1 levels or concomitant aspirin therapy?### Assistant: Anti-GP VI therapy may result in defective hemostasis in patients with reduced alpha2beta1 levels or concomitant aspirin therapy. These observations may have important implications for a potential use of anti-GP VI-based therapeutics in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Anti-GP VI therapy may result in defective hemostasis in patients with reduced alpha2beta1 levels or concomitant aspirin therapy

Does genome-wide linkage analysis of obsessive-compulsive disorder implicate chromosome 1p36?

The genetic causes of OCD are largely unknown, despite the identification of several promising candidate genes and linkage regions . We identified five areas of interest (HLOD score ≥2) on chromosomes 1p36, 2p14, 5q13, 6p25, and 10p13 . At this location, several of the families showed haplotypes co-segregating with OCD . The strongest result was on chromosome 1p 36.33-p36.32-p38.32 (HLod = 3.77, suggestive evidence for linkage after fine mapping).

The results of this study represent the strongest linkage finding for OCD in a primary analysis to date and suggest that chromosome 1p36, and possibly several other genomic regions, may harbor susceptibility loci for OCD. Multiple brain-expressed genes lie under the primary linkage peak (approximately 4 megabases in size). Follow-up studies, including replication in additional samples and targeted sequencing of the areas of interest, are needed to confirm these findings and to identify specific OCD risk variants.

yes

### Human: The genetic causes of OCD are largely unknown, despite the identification of several promising candidate genes and linkage regions . We identified five areas of interest (HLOD score ≥2) on chromosomes 1p36, 2p14, 5q13, 6p25, and 10p13 . At this location, several of the families showed haplotypes co-segregating with OCD . The strongest result was on chromosome 1p 36.33-p36.32-p38.32 (HLod = 3.77, suggestive evidence for linkage after fine mapping). Does genome-wide linkage analysis of obsessive-compulsive disorder implicate chromosome 1p36?### Assistant: The results of this study represent the strongest linkage finding for OCD in a primary analysis to date and suggest that chromosome 1p36, and possibly several other genomic regions, may harbor susceptibility loci for OCD. Multiple brain-expressed genes lie under the primary linkage peak (approximately 4 megabases in size). Follow-up studies, including replication in additional samples and targeted sequencing of the areas of interest, are needed to confirm these findings and to identify specific OCD risk variants.

Multiple brain-expressed genes lie under the primary linkage peak (approximately 4 megabases in size) Follow-up studies are needed to

Does conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine at three months reduce the incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy?

An open-label, randomized trial examined conversion to azathioprine as early as three months after transplantation . Graft survival tended to be lower (64.7% vs. 76.5% at 15 years) in the cyclosporine continuation group . The relative risk of chronic allograft nephropathy was significantly higher in the group that continued cycloporine . The glomerular filtration rate was significantly high in the patients who were converted to azatheioprine .

Conversion to a calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppressive regiment three months after renal transplantation improved allograft function, reduced the need of cardiovascular risk factor-controlling medication, and reduced the incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy.

yes

### Human: An open-label, randomized trial examined conversion to azathioprine as early as three months after transplantation . Graft survival tended to be lower (64.7% vs. 76.5% at 15 years) in the cyclosporine continuation group . The relative risk of chronic allograft nephropathy was significantly higher in the group that continued cycloporine . The glomerular filtration rate was significantly high in the patients who were converted to azatheioprine . Does conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine at three months reduce the incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy?### Assistant: Conversion to a calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppressive regiment three months after renal transplantation improved allograft function, reduced the need of cardiovascular risk factor-controlling medication, and reduced the incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy.

Allograft function improved after renal transplantation . Reduced need of cardiovascular risk factor-controlling medication . Reduced incidence of chronic allog

Are compensatory substitutions in the HCV NS3/4A protease cleavage sites observed in patients treated unsuccessfully with telaprevir combination treatment?

Mechanisms of fitness compensation may occur in HCV populations upon treatment of HCV protease inhibitors as well as protease cleavage sites of HIV patients . In the study, we investigated whether substitutions in proteases cleavage site regions of the HCV occur in response to a treatment regimen containing the NS3/4A protease inhibitor telaprevir (TVR) Evaluation of viral populations from 569 patients prior to treatment showed that the four NS3-4A sites were well conserved . No residues displayed evidence of directional selection after acquisition of TVR-resistance .

Cleavage site mutations did not occur after treatment with the HCV protease inhibitor telaprevir.

no

### Human: Mechanisms of fitness compensation may occur in HCV populations upon treatment of HCV protease inhibitors as well as protease cleavage sites of HIV patients . In the study, we investigated whether substitutions in proteases cleavage site regions of the HCV occur in response to a treatment regimen containing the NS3/4A protease inhibitor telaprevir (TVR) Evaluation of viral populations from 569 patients prior to treatment showed that the four NS3-4A sites were well conserved . No residues displayed evidence of directional selection after acquisition of TVR-resistance . Are compensatory substitutions in the HCV NS3/4A protease cleavage sites observed in patients treated unsuccessfully with telaprevir combination treatment?### Assistant: Cleavage site mutations did not occur after treatment with the HCV protease inhibitor telaprevir.

Cleavage site mutations did not occur after treatment with the HCV protease inhibitor telaprevir .

Does worsening left ventricular performance on serial exercise radionuclide angiography identify high-risk patients?

100 nine medically treated patients with previous Q-wave myocardial infarction underwent two exercise radionuclide angiographic studies at least 6 months apart (median, 16 months) without an intervening clinical event . Worsening exercise performance between the two studies was defined by five criteria: (1) lower (5% or more) peak exercise ejection fraction; (2) worsening peak exercise wall motion score; (3) combination of criteria 1 and 2; (4) worsening serial delta (exercise - rest) ejection) fraction; or increasing exercise ST-segment depression of 1 mm or more .

Worsening exercise performance on serial exercise radionuclide angiography does not identify patients at increased risk of future cardiac events.

no

### Human: 100 nine medically treated patients with previous Q-wave myocardial infarction underwent two exercise radionuclide angiographic studies at least 6 months apart (median, 16 months) without an intervening clinical event . Worsening exercise performance between the two studies was defined by five criteria: (1) lower (5% or more) peak exercise ejection fraction; (2) worsening peak exercise wall motion score; (3) combination of criteria 1 and 2; (4) worsening serial delta (exercise - rest) ejection) fraction; or increasing exercise ST-segment depression of 1 mm or more . Does worsening left ventricular performance on serial exercise radionuclide angiography identify high-risk patients?### Assistant: Worsening exercise performance on serial exercise radionuclide angiography does not identify patients at increased risk of future cardiac events.

Worsening exercise performance on serial exercise radionuclide angiography does not identify patients at increased risk of future cardiac events .

Does over-the-top knot placement technique enhance tensile stability of tendon repairs?

The weakest point in a suture loop is the knot . We hypothesized that moving the knot away from the repair junction (over-the-top Krackow technique) would increase the strength of the repair . The number of cycles to 5-mm gapping, ultimate failure loads and knot slip were compared using t-test and Mann-Whitney tests . Meant failure load of tendons repaired by over the top technique were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for all four paired groups .

Over-the-top Krackow technique increases the ultimate failure load of repaired tendons. But 5-mm gapping resistivity was not enhanced either by the technique or the suture material.

yes

### Human: The weakest point in a suture loop is the knot . We hypothesized that moving the knot away from the repair junction (over-the-top Krackow technique) would increase the strength of the repair . The number of cycles to 5-mm gapping, ultimate failure loads and knot slip were compared using t-test and Mann-Whitney tests . Meant failure load of tendons repaired by over the top technique were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for all four paired groups . Does over-the-top knot placement technique enhance tensile stability of tendon repairs?### Assistant: Over-the-top Krackow technique increases the ultimate failure load of repaired tendons. But 5-mm gapping resistivity was not enhanced either by the technique or the suture material.

Krackow technique increases the ultimate failure load of repaired tendons . But 5-mm gapping resistivity was not enhanced either by

Does cathepsin S inhibition lower blood glucose levels in mice?

Cathepsin S (CatS) belongs to a family of proteases that have been implicated in several disease processes . CatS is markedly overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese individuals and downregulated after weight loss and amelioration of glycaemic status induced by gastric bypass surgery . This prompted us to test whether the protease contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes using mouse models with CatS inactivation using mouse mouse models .CatS deletion induced a robust reduction in blood glucose, which was preserved in diet-induced obesity and with ageing .

Our results revealed an unexpected metabolic effect of CatS in promoting pro-diabetic alterations in the liver. CatS inhibitors currently proposed for treatment of autoimmune diseases could help to lower hepatic glucose output in obese individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes.

yes

### Human: Cathepsin S (CatS) belongs to a family of proteases that have been implicated in several disease processes . CatS is markedly overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese individuals and downregulated after weight loss and amelioration of glycaemic status induced by gastric bypass surgery . This prompted us to test whether the protease contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes using mouse models with CatS inactivation using mouse mouse models .CatS deletion induced a robust reduction in blood glucose, which was preserved in diet-induced obesity and with ageing . Does cathepsin S inhibition lower blood glucose levels in mice?### Assistant: Our results revealed an unexpected metabolic effect of CatS in promoting pro-diabetic alterations in the liver. CatS inhibitors currently proposed for treatment of autoimmune diseases could help to lower hepatic glucose output in obese individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes.

CatS inhibitors currently proposed for treatment of autoimmune diseases could help to lower hepatic glucose output in obese individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes

Is high-sensitivity C-reactive protein independently associated with early carotid artery progression in women but not in men : the INVADE Study?

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is known to be associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events . Limited information exists regarding the importance of sex differences for the association between hsCRP and the progression of early stages of early stage of atheroscleric disease . We analyzed the data of a population-based study in Bavaria, Germany . Carotid intima-media-thickness was significantly higher in men compared with women, but not in men (P=0.006)

The association between hsCRP and progression of early carotid atherosclerosis shows sex differences. In further studies analyzing the role of inflammation for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis, these sex differences should be considered.

yes

### Human: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is known to be associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events . Limited information exists regarding the importance of sex differences for the association between hsCRP and the progression of early stages of early stage of atheroscleric disease . We analyzed the data of a population-based study in Bavaria, Germany . Carotid intima-media-thickness was significantly higher in men compared with women, but not in men (P=0.006) Is high-sensitivity C-reactive protein independently associated with early carotid artery progression in women but not in men : the INVADE Study?### Assistant: The association between hsCRP and progression of early carotid atherosclerosis shows sex differences. In further studies analyzing the role of inflammation for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis, these sex differences should be considered.

The association between hsCRP and progression of early carotid atherosclerosis shows sex differences . In further studies analyzing the role

Is presence of esophageal varices a risk factor for non-hemorrhagic death of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radiofrequency ablation?

Esophageal varices (EVs) believed to be a factor that affects prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma . We examined whether the presence and severity of EVs affected either survival prognosis or the cause of death in HCC patients treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) The study included 89 HCC patient treated with RFA who were endoscopically evaluated for EVs before treatment . Of 34 patients who died during the period of observation, one died because of an EV rupture .

The existence of EVs may affect survival prognosis of HCC patients treated with RFA independently of Child-Pugh status, but is not associated with hemorrhagic death.

yes

### Human: Esophageal varices (EVs) believed to be a factor that affects prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma . We examined whether the presence and severity of EVs affected either survival prognosis or the cause of death in HCC patients treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) The study included 89 HCC patient treated with RFA who were endoscopically evaluated for EVs before treatment . Of 34 patients who died during the period of observation, one died because of an EV rupture . Is presence of esophageal varices a risk factor for non-hemorrhagic death of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radiofrequency ablation?### Assistant: The existence of EVs may affect survival prognosis of HCC patients treated with RFA independently of Child-Pugh status, but is not associated with hemorrhagic death.

The existence of EVs may affect survival prognosis of HCC patients treated with RFA independently of Child-Pugh status, but not

Does yB-1 dependent oncolytic adenovirus efficiently inhibit tumor growth of glioma cancer stem like cells?

The brain cancer stem cell (CSC) model describes a small subset of glioma cells as being responsible for tumor initiation, conferring therapy resistance and tumor recurrence . In brain CSC, the PI3-K/AKT and the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are found to be activated . In consequence, the human transcription factor YB-1, knowing to be responsible for the emergence of drug resistance and driving adenoviral replication, is phosphorylated .

The results of this study supported YB-1 based virotherapy as an attractive therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment which will be exploited further in multimodal treatment concepts.

yes

### Human: The brain cancer stem cell (CSC) model describes a small subset of glioma cells as being responsible for tumor initiation, conferring therapy resistance and tumor recurrence . In brain CSC, the PI3-K/AKT and the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are found to be activated . In consequence, the human transcription factor YB-1, knowing to be responsible for the emergence of drug resistance and driving adenoviral replication, is phosphorylated . Does yB-1 dependent oncolytic adenovirus efficiently inhibit tumor growth of glioma cancer stem like cells?### Assistant: The results of this study supported YB-1 based virotherapy as an attractive therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment which will be exploited further in multimodal treatment concepts.

YB-1 based virotherapy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment . The results of this study supported YB

Do p53-dependent G1 arrest and p53-independent apoptosis influence the radiobiologic response of glioblastoma?

Isogenic derivatives of glioblastoma cells differing only in their p53 status were generated using a retroviral vector expressing a dominant negative mutant of p53 . Radiation-induced apoptosis of GM cells was independent of functional wild-type p53 (wt p53) Decreased susceptibility to radiation-induced . apoptosis was associated with lower alpha values characterizing the shoulder of the clonogenic radiation survival curve . Inactivation of wt p53 function by a dominant . negative mutant resulted in a significantly diminished alpha value .

We conclude that two distinct cellular responses to radiation, p53-independent apoptosis and p53-dependent G1-arrest, influence radiobiological parameters that characterize the radiation response of glioblastoma cells. Further understanding of the molecular basis of GM radiation resistance will lead to improvement in existing therapeutic modalities and to the development of novel treatment approaches.

yes

### Human: Isogenic derivatives of glioblastoma cells differing only in their p53 status were generated using a retroviral vector expressing a dominant negative mutant of p53 . Radiation-induced apoptosis of GM cells was independent of functional wild-type p53 (wt p53) Decreased susceptibility to radiation-induced . apoptosis was associated with lower alpha values characterizing the shoulder of the clonogenic radiation survival curve . Inactivation of wt p53 function by a dominant . negative mutant resulted in a significantly diminished alpha value . Do p53-dependent G1 arrest and p53-independent apoptosis influence the radiobiologic response of glioblastoma?### Assistant: We conclude that two distinct cellular responses to radiation, p53-independent apoptosis and p53-dependent G1-arrest, influence radiobiological parameters that characterize the radiation response of glioblastoma cells. Further understanding of the molecular basis of GM radiation resistance will lead to improvement in existing therapeutic modalities and to the development of novel treatment approaches.

Two distinct cellular responses to radiation influence radiobiological parameters that characterize the radiation response of glioblastoma cells . Further understanding of

Are epithelial and stromal syndecan-1 and -2 distinctly expressed in oral- and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas?

The aim of this study was to explore the differences of immunoexpressions between syndecan-1 and -2 in OSCC and head and neck CSCC . OSCC has worse survival and higher risk of metastasis than CSCC, the study found . In cancers over 4-mm invasion depth, the number of stromal syndecans-1-positive collagen fibers and inflammatory cells were higher in OScc than in CSCC. In addition, unlike syndecAn-1, syndecAN-2 was more often and more intensively expressed in the tumor inflammatory cells in CScc than OSCC tumors .

Our results suggest that variable stromal expression of syndecan-1 and -2 in OSCC compared to CSCC may at least partially explain the differences in their clinical behavior.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study was to explore the differences of immunoexpressions between syndecan-1 and -2 in OSCC and head and neck CSCC . OSCC has worse survival and higher risk of metastasis than CSCC, the study found . In cancers over 4-mm invasion depth, the number of stromal syndecans-1-positive collagen fibers and inflammatory cells were higher in OScc than in CSCC. In addition, unlike syndecAn-1, syndecAN-2 was more often and more intensively expressed in the tumor inflammatory cells in CScc than OSCC tumors . Are epithelial and stromal syndecan-1 and -2 distinctly expressed in oral- and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas?### Assistant: Our results suggest that variable stromal expression of syndecan-1 and -2 in OSCC compared to CSCC may at least partially explain the differences in their clinical behavior.

Stromal expression of syndecan-1 and -2 in OSCC compared to CSCC may explain differences in clinical behavior .

Are high tumour stage and margin clearance still important prognostic factors for post-mastectomy locoregional recurrence in Malaysia?

Study examined rates of post-mastectomy locoregional recurrence and prognostic factors for isolated PMLRR (ILR) in a breast cancer cohort . ILR developed in 42 of 522 patients (8.0%) and ILR was 2.5 times higher when margins were involved compared to when they were clear . The hazard of ILR is higher when the margins are involved compared with when they are clear . Race, age, size, stage, stage and margin involvement, lymph node involvement, grade, grade and lymphovascular invasion and ER status were probable prognostic factor .

Margin involvement and stage III disease were identified to be independent prognostic factors for ILR. Close follow-up of high risk patients and prompt treatment of locoregional recurrence were recommended.

yes

### Human: Study examined rates of post-mastectomy locoregional recurrence and prognostic factors for isolated PMLRR (ILR) in a breast cancer cohort . ILR developed in 42 of 522 patients (8.0%) and ILR was 2.5 times higher when margins were involved compared to when they were clear . The hazard of ILR is higher when the margins are involved compared with when they are clear . Race, age, size, stage, stage and margin involvement, lymph node involvement, grade, grade and lymphovascular invasion and ER status were probable prognostic factor . Are high tumour stage and margin clearance still important prognostic factors for post-mastectomy locoregional recurrence in Malaysia?### Assistant: Margin involvement and stage III disease were identified to be independent prognostic factors for ILR. Close follow-up of high risk patients and prompt treatment of locoregional recurrence were recommended.

Margin involvement and stage III disease were identified to be independent prognostic factors for ILR . Close follow-up of high risk patients

Is endoscopic submucosal dissection an effective and safe therapy for early gastric neoplasms : a multicenter feasible study?

The drawback of ESD is its technical difficulty and, consequently, its higher rate of complication . From January 2002 to December 2008, 485 early gastric neoplasms in 418 patients were consecutively treated by using ESD procedure performed by 6 endoscopists in 4 institutions in Tokyo . Demorgraphics, tumor location, therapeutic outcomes, and complication rates were analyzed . Delayed bleeding occurrence was independently high in larger lesions, and lower in lesions with a scar (P<0.05) than in small lesions <20 mm . Institution and endoscopyists were not risk factors of en bloc resection and complications .

ESD is an effective and safe therapy in the management of early gastric neoplasms when performed by well-trained endoscopists. Endoscopists should recognize the difficulty to perform ESD for en bloc resection of upper lesion, and the risk of delayed bleeding in cases of lesions >2 cm in size.

yes

### Human: The drawback of ESD is its technical difficulty and, consequently, its higher rate of complication . From January 2002 to December 2008, 485 early gastric neoplasms in 418 patients were consecutively treated by using ESD procedure performed by 6 endoscopists in 4 institutions in Tokyo . Demorgraphics, tumor location, therapeutic outcomes, and complication rates were analyzed . Delayed bleeding occurrence was independently high in larger lesions, and lower in lesions with a scar (P<0.05) than in small lesions <20 mm . Institution and endoscopyists were not risk factors of en bloc resection and complications . Is endoscopic submucosal dissection an effective and safe therapy for early gastric neoplasms : a multicenter feasible study?### Assistant: ESD is an effective and safe therapy in the management of early gastric neoplasms when performed by well-trained endoscopists. Endoscopists should recognize the difficulty to perform ESD for en bloc resection of upper lesion, and the risk of delayed bleeding in cases of lesions >2 cm in size.

Endoscopists should recognize the difficulty to perform ESD for en bloc resection of upper lesion, and the risk of delayed

Does wide spectrum of filaggrin-null mutations in atopic dermatitis highlight differences between Singaporean Chinese and European populations?

FLG mutations cause ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) and predispose to atopic dermatitis (AD) Study: 22 FLG-null mutations, of which 14 are novel, were identified in this study . FLG mutation carrier frequency of between 14% and 56% of Chinese patients with IV and AD is rare or absent in Chinese patients . Study: Combined null FLG genotype of 17 mutations detected in cases and controls showed strong association with AD [Fisher's exact test] and with increased severity of AD .

This study emphasizes the wider genetic landscape of FLG-null mutations in Asia that is slowly emerging.

yes

### Human: FLG mutations cause ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) and predispose to atopic dermatitis (AD) Study: 22 FLG-null mutations, of which 14 are novel, were identified in this study . FLG mutation carrier frequency of between 14% and 56% of Chinese patients with IV and AD is rare or absent in Chinese patients . Study: Combined null FLG genotype of 17 mutations detected in cases and controls showed strong association with AD [Fisher's exact test] and with increased severity of AD . Does wide spectrum of filaggrin-null mutations in atopic dermatitis highlight differences between Singaporean Chinese and European populations?### Assistant: This study emphasizes the wider genetic landscape of FLG-null mutations in Asia that is slowly emerging.

FLG-null mutations in Asia are slowly emerging . This study emphasizes the wider genetic landscape of FLG null mutations that is slowly emerging

Does assortative mating in fallow deer reduce the strength of sexual selection?

Study examined how female and male ages, as well as male social dominance, affect assortative mating in fallow deer (Dama dama) over 10 years . Younger females, and especially yearlings, mated with younger and lower-ranking males than older females . The peak of yearling female matings was four days later than the peak for older females, the study finds . The timing of matings by young males coincided with the peak of females matings, and the timing of older male matings coincided with older females mating .

Assortative mating, through a combination of indirect and/or direct female mate choice, can help explain the persistence of genetic variation for male traits associated with reproductive success.

yes

### Human: Study examined how female and male ages, as well as male social dominance, affect assortative mating in fallow deer (Dama dama) over 10 years . Younger females, and especially yearlings, mated with younger and lower-ranking males than older females . The peak of yearling female matings was four days later than the peak for older females, the study finds . The timing of matings by young males coincided with the peak of females matings, and the timing of older male matings coincided with older females mating . Does assortative mating in fallow deer reduce the strength of sexual selection?### Assistant: Assortative mating, through a combination of indirect and/or direct female mate choice, can help explain the persistence of genetic variation for male traits associated with reproductive success.

Assortative mating helps explain persistence of genetic variation for male traits associated with reproductive success .

Does soluble human leukocyte antigen G5 polarize differentiation of macrophages toward a decidual macrophage-like phenotype?

What are the actions of soluble human leukocyte antigen G5 (sHLAG5) on macrophage differentiation? What are actions of sHLAGG5 on macophages? What actions of the leuk cell antigen G 5 (sHSAG5), on macphages? How do they affect macrophages? Find out what happens to macrophag cells and how they react to leukocytes . Find out more about the actions and effects of sHAG5 .

sHLAG5 polarizes the differentiation of macrophages toward a decidual macrophage-like phenotype, which could regulate fetomaternal tolerance and placental development.

yes

### Human: What are the actions of soluble human leukocyte antigen G5 (sHLAG5) on macrophage differentiation? What are actions of sHLAGG5 on macophages? What actions of the leuk cell antigen G 5 (sHSAG5), on macphages? How do they affect macrophages? Find out what happens to macrophag cells and how they react to leukocytes . Find out more about the actions and effects of sHAG5 . Does soluble human leukocyte antigen G5 polarize differentiation of macrophages toward a decidual macrophage-like phenotype?### Assistant: sHLAG5 polarizes the differentiation of macrophages toward a decidual macrophage-like phenotype, which could regulate fetomaternal tolerance and placental development.

sHLAG5 polarizes the differentiation of macrophages toward a decidual macrophage-like phenotype, which could regulate

Do heparin-bonded central venous catheters reduce thrombosis in infants with congenital heart disease : a blinded randomized , controlled trial?

Heparin-bonded catheters provide protection from thrombotic events in some children . However, heparin-bonds may not be as effective in infants </=1 year old because of other potential risk factors (smaller vessel size, longer duration of catheter use) Study was stopped when interim analysis showed convincing evidence for no difference between groups over the alternative hypothesis of 50% risk reduction . Thrombosis occurred in 17 (42.5%) of 40 patients in the non-heparin/bonde catheter group and in 21 (44.7%) of 47 .

Infants with congenital heart disease are at significant risk of both silent and clinically identified thrombosis. There seems to be no advantage in using heparin-bonded catheters in infants </=1 year of age.

no

### Human: Heparin-bonded catheters provide protection from thrombotic events in some children . However, heparin-bonds may not be as effective in infants </=1 year old because of other potential risk factors (smaller vessel size, longer duration of catheter use) Study was stopped when interim analysis showed convincing evidence for no difference between groups over the alternative hypothesis of 50% risk reduction . Thrombosis occurred in 17 (42.5%) of 40 patients in the non-heparin/bonde catheter group and in 21 (44.7%) of 47 . Do heparin-bonded central venous catheters reduce thrombosis in infants with congenital heart disease : a blinded randomized , controlled trial?### Assistant: Infants with congenital heart disease are at significant risk of both silent and clinically identified thrombosis. There seems to be no advantage in using heparin-bonded catheters in infants </=1 year of age.

Infants with congenital heart disease are at significant risk of both silent and clinically identified thrombosis . There seems to be no

Is abnormal gastroesophageal flap valve highly associated with endoscopic reflux esophagitis after Helicobacter pylori eradication?

Gastroesophageal flap valve grade (I-IV) was assessed using the Hill classification . Rate of new endoscopic reflux esophagitis after eradication was significantly (p < .01) higher in abnormal gastroesophagesal flap valves than in normal cases . The rate of new reflux . esophaggitis was significantly higher in the abnormal than in the normal gastro . flap valve group (54.5% vs. 9.1%) After eradication, the endoscopic . reflux. esophagyitis exacerbation rate was low (4.5%) in patients with endoscopic reflux esophagiti before eradication .

These results suggest gastroesophageal flap valve grading by endoscopy to be useful for predicting the risk of newly developing endoscopic reflux esophagitis after H. pylori eradication, in addition to predicting the presence of endoscopic reflux esophagitis.

yes

### Human: Gastroesophageal flap valve grade (I-IV) was assessed using the Hill classification . Rate of new endoscopic reflux esophagitis after eradication was significantly (p < .01) higher in abnormal gastroesophagesal flap valves than in normal cases . The rate of new reflux . esophaggitis was significantly higher in the abnormal than in the normal gastro . flap valve group (54.5% vs. 9.1%) After eradication, the endoscopic . reflux. esophagyitis exacerbation rate was low (4.5%) in patients with endoscopic reflux esophagiti before eradication . Is abnormal gastroesophageal flap valve highly associated with endoscopic reflux esophagitis after Helicobacter pylori eradication?### Assistant: These results suggest gastroesophageal flap valve grading by endoscopy to be useful for predicting the risk of newly developing endoscopic reflux esophagitis after H. pylori eradication, in addition to predicting the presence of endoscopic reflux esophagitis.

These results suggest gastroesophageal flap valve grading by endoscopy to be useful for predicting the risk of newly developing endoscopic

Does expression of pAkt affect p53 codon 72 polymorphism-based prediction of response to radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

The PI3K/Akt pathway plays an essential role in the transcriptional activation function of p53 . It is an important factor in radiotherapy resistance . The p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro carriers showed lower risk of disease progression (local recurrence and distant metastases) The association between the p53 Codon 72 polymorphism and PFS was not significant in the pAkt-positive subgroup . The effects of genetic polymorphisms and protein expression on progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank test .

The p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro genotype may be an effective independent prognostic marker for better outcome in patients with locoregional NPC. Based on the current findings, we hypothesize that pAkt weakens the predictive value of p53 codon 72 SNP in NPC. A combination of positive p53 protein expression and local regional lymph node metastasis may additionally be predictive of high risk of disease progression.

yes

### Human: The PI3K/Akt pathway plays an essential role in the transcriptional activation function of p53 . It is an important factor in radiotherapy resistance . The p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro carriers showed lower risk of disease progression (local recurrence and distant metastases) The association between the p53 Codon 72 polymorphism and PFS was not significant in the pAkt-positive subgroup . The effects of genetic polymorphisms and protein expression on progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank test . Does expression of pAkt affect p53 codon 72 polymorphism-based prediction of response to radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma?### Assistant: The p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro genotype may be an effective independent prognostic marker for better outcome in patients with locoregional NPC. Based on the current findings, we hypothesize that pAkt weakens the predictive value of p53 codon 72 SNP in NPC. A combination of positive p53 protein expression and local regional lymph node metastasis may additionally be predictive of high risk of disease progression.

The p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro genotype may be an effective independent prognostic marker for better outcome in patients with locore

Does angiopoietin-1 require oxidant signaling through p47phox to promote endothelial barrier defense?

Angiopoietin-1 (Angpt-1), an agonist of the endothelial-specific receptor, Tie-2, promotes barrier defense by activating NADPH oxidase (NOX) signaling . We found that Angpt--1 stimulation induces phosphorylation of p47phox and a brief oxidative burst that is lost when chemical inhibitors of NOX activity or siRNA against NOX were applied . As a result, there was attenuated ROS activity, disrupted junctional contacts, enhanced actin stress fiber accumulation, and induced gap formation between confluent HMVECs .

These results suggest an essential role for NOX signaling in Angpt-1-mediated endothelial barrier defense against mediators of systemic inflammation. More broadly, oxidants generated for signal transduction may have a barrier-promoting role in vascular endothelium.

yes

### Human: Angiopoietin-1 (Angpt-1), an agonist of the endothelial-specific receptor, Tie-2, promotes barrier defense by activating NADPH oxidase (NOX) signaling . We found that Angpt--1 stimulation induces phosphorylation of p47phox and a brief oxidative burst that is lost when chemical inhibitors of NOX activity or siRNA against NOX were applied . As a result, there was attenuated ROS activity, disrupted junctional contacts, enhanced actin stress fiber accumulation, and induced gap formation between confluent HMVECs . Does angiopoietin-1 require oxidant signaling through p47phox to promote endothelial barrier defense?### Assistant: These results suggest an essential role for NOX signaling in Angpt-1-mediated endothelial barrier defense against mediators of systemic inflammation. More broadly, oxidants generated for signal transduction may have a barrier-promoting role in vascular endothelium.

NOX signaling may have a barrier-promoting role in vascular endothelium .

Does sodium Hypochlorite inactivate Lipoteichoic Acid of Enterococcus faecalis by Deacylation?

NaOCl has been used as a common endodontic irrigant to eradicate bacteria in the root canal . It has not been conclusively concluded whether NaOcl attenuates the inflammatory response induced by the E. faecalis virulence factor lipoteichoic acid (EfLTA) NaOCL-treated EfFLTA showed markedly less induction of nitric oxide, interferon gamma-inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in RAW 264.7 cells .

NaOCl deacylates the glycolipid moiety of EfLTA, which fails to activate TLR2, leading to the reduced production of inflammatory mediators.

yes

### Human: NaOCl has been used as a common endodontic irrigant to eradicate bacteria in the root canal . It has not been conclusively concluded whether NaOcl attenuates the inflammatory response induced by the E. faecalis virulence factor lipoteichoic acid (EfLTA) NaOCL-treated EfFLTA showed markedly less induction of nitric oxide, interferon gamma-inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in RAW 264.7 cells . Does sodium Hypochlorite inactivate Lipoteichoic Acid of Enterococcus faecalis by Deacylation?### Assistant: NaOCl deacylates the glycolipid moiety of EfLTA, which fails to activate TLR2, leading to the reduced production of inflammatory mediators.

NaOCl deacylates the glycolipid moiety of EfLTA, which fails to activate TLR2

Is experience of parental cancer in childhood a risk factor for psychological distress during genetic cancer susceptibility testing?

Cancer-related distress, worry and risk perception were assessed in 271 applicants for genetic testing of an identified mutation in BRCA1/2 or a HNPCC (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer) related gene . Individuals with an affected parent perceived cancer risks as higher than individuals without an affected parents . Women having their mother affected by breast cancer in puberty (aged 10-13 years) perceived higher breast cancer risks than women with an affected mother in adulthood or without an affectable mother .

Experience of parental cancer in childhood is a risk factor for psychological distress during the genetic testing process.

yes

### Human: Cancer-related distress, worry and risk perception were assessed in 271 applicants for genetic testing of an identified mutation in BRCA1/2 or a HNPCC (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer) related gene . Individuals with an affected parent perceived cancer risks as higher than individuals without an affected parents . Women having their mother affected by breast cancer in puberty (aged 10-13 years) perceived higher breast cancer risks than women with an affected mother in adulthood or without an affectable mother . Is experience of parental cancer in childhood a risk factor for psychological distress during genetic cancer susceptibility testing?### Assistant: Experience of parental cancer in childhood is a risk factor for psychological distress during the genetic testing process.

Experience of parental cancer in childhood is a risk factor for psychological distress during the genetic testing process .

Is treatment of isolated systolic hypertension most effective in older patients with high-risk profile?

Using data from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program, we calculated the global cardiovascular risk score according to the American Heart Association Multiple Risk Factor Assessment Equation in 4,189 participants free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and in 264 participants with CVD at baseline . In the placebo group, rates of cardiovascular events over 4.5 years were progressively higher according to higher quartiles of CVD risk . The protection conferred by treatment was similar across quartiles, but the numbers needed to treat (NNTs) to prevent one cardiovascular event were progressively smaller according to . higher cardiovascular risk quartiles .

Treatment of systolic hypertension is most effective in older patients who, because of additional risk factors or prevalent CVD, are at higher risk of developing a cardiovascular event. These patients are prime candidates for antihypertensive treatment.

yes

### Human: Using data from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program, we calculated the global cardiovascular risk score according to the American Heart Association Multiple Risk Factor Assessment Equation in 4,189 participants free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and in 264 participants with CVD at baseline . In the placebo group, rates of cardiovascular events over 4.5 years were progressively higher according to higher quartiles of CVD risk . The protection conferred by treatment was similar across quartiles, but the numbers needed to treat (NNTs) to prevent one cardiovascular event were progressively smaller according to . higher cardiovascular risk quartiles . Is treatment of isolated systolic hypertension most effective in older patients with high-risk profile?### Assistant: Treatment of systolic hypertension is most effective in older patients who, because of additional risk factors or prevalent CVD, are at higher risk of developing a cardiovascular event. These patients are prime candidates for antihypertensive treatment.

Antihypertensive treatment is most effective in older patients . Older patients at higher risk of developing a cardiovascular event are prime candidates for treatment

Does bone age correspond with chronological age at type 1 diabetes onset in youth?

The aim of this study was to compare chronological age with bone age and to evaluate the impact of A1C on bone age in children at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes . In 496 diabetic children, height was measured at diagnosis and height SD score was calculated using the British 1990 growth reference . Bone age was determined according to the Greulich and Pyle method . No significant differences were found between chronological age and bone age, and there was no correlation between Delta (bone age - chronological age) and A1c .

This study showed that height and bone maturation among diabetic children are normal for age and sex and independent of A1C at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

yes

### Human: The aim of this study was to compare chronological age with bone age and to evaluate the impact of A1C on bone age in children at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes . In 496 diabetic children, height was measured at diagnosis and height SD score was calculated using the British 1990 growth reference . Bone age was determined according to the Greulich and Pyle method . No significant differences were found between chronological age and bone age, and there was no correlation between Delta (bone age - chronological age) and A1c . Does bone age correspond with chronological age at type 1 diabetes onset in youth?### Assistant: This study showed that height and bone maturation among diabetic children are normal for age and sex and independent of A1C at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Height and bone maturation among diabetic children are normal for age and sex and independent of A1C at diagnosis of diabetes .

Is surgical disobliteration of postthrombotic deep veins -- endophlebectomy -- feasible?

Partial obstruction of postthrombotic veins is caused by endovenous scar tissue, which creates synechiae and septae that narrow and sometimes block the lumen . We have performed surgical disobliteration, or endophlebectomy, of chronically obstructed venous segments during various kinds of deep venous reconstructions to increase the flow through previously obstructed segments . In 10 patients (77%) the treated segments remained primarily patent at median follow-up of 8 months (range, 1-28 months)

This series demonstrates that surgical disobliteration of postthrombotic deep veins is technically feasible, and led to patency of the segments for the duration of follow-up for up to 28 months (mean, 10.8 +/- 8.2 months). We used this technique with the objective of disobstructing postthrombotic veins, to increase flow through a previously narrowed lumen. Postoperative thrombosis at the site of endophlebectomy occurred in 23% of patients. Although this early experience is encouraging, further studies and longer follow-up are necessary to assess the durability of the procedure.

yes

### Human: Partial obstruction of postthrombotic veins is caused by endovenous scar tissue, which creates synechiae and septae that narrow and sometimes block the lumen . We have performed surgical disobliteration, or endophlebectomy, of chronically obstructed venous segments during various kinds of deep venous reconstructions to increase the flow through previously obstructed segments . In 10 patients (77%) the treated segments remained primarily patent at median follow-up of 8 months (range, 1-28 months) Is surgical disobliteration of postthrombotic deep veins -- endophlebectomy -- feasible?### Assistant: This series demonstrates that surgical disobliteration of postthrombotic deep veins is technically feasible, and led to patency of the segments for the duration of follow-up for up to 28 months (mean, 10.8 +/- 8.2 months). We used this technique with the objective of disobstructing postthrombotic veins, to increase flow through a previously narrowed lumen. Postoperative thrombosis at the site of endophlebectomy occurred in 23% of patients. Although this early experience is encouraging, further studies and longer follow-up are necessary to assess the durability of the procedure.

This series demonstrates that surgical disobliteration of postthrombotic deep veins is technically feasible, and led to patency of the

Is altered Expression of miR-518b and miR-519a in the placenta associated with low fetal birth weight?

Placenta-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with placenta trophoblastic proliferation and invasion . Study investigated whether altered expression of miRNAs was involved in the development of fetal growth . Compared with the LGA and healthy control (AGA) groups, miR-518b was decreased, whereas miRs-519a was significantly increased in the placentas from the IUGR group (p < 0.05)

This study suggests that altered expression of placenta-specific miRNAs (miR-518b and miR-519a) may be involved in the development of IUGR.

yes

### Human: Placenta-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with placenta trophoblastic proliferation and invasion . Study investigated whether altered expression of miRNAs was involved in the development of fetal growth . Compared with the LGA and healthy control (AGA) groups, miR-518b was decreased, whereas miRs-519a was significantly increased in the placentas from the IUGR group (p < 0.05) Is altered Expression of miR-518b and miR-519a in the placenta associated with low fetal birth weight?### Assistant: This study suggests that altered expression of placenta-specific miRNAs (miR-518b and miR-519a) may be involved in the development of IUGR.

miRNAs (miR-518b and miR-519a) may be involved in the development of IUGR .

Does separation of overlapping dental arch objects using digital records of illuminated plaster cast?

The circular Hough transform, region growing with multiple seed points, and convex hull detection method are applied to the segmentation of orthodontic plaster cast images to identify dental arch objects and their sizes . The proposed algorithm presents the methodology of improving the accuracy of segmentation . Dental arch parameters and distances between the canines and premolars for different segmentation methods were used as a measure to compare the results obtained. Dental ar parameters and distance between the . canines . and . premolars were used to compare . results obtained .

A new method of segmentation of overlapping dental arch components using digital records of illuminated plaster casts provides information with the precision required for orthodontic treatment. The distance between corresponding teeth was evaluated with a mean error of 1.38% and the Dice similarity coefficient of the evaluated dental bodies boundaries reached 0.9436 with a false positive rate [Formula: see text] and false negative rate [Formula: see text].

yes

### Human: The circular Hough transform, region growing with multiple seed points, and convex hull detection method are applied to the segmentation of orthodontic plaster cast images to identify dental arch objects and their sizes . The proposed algorithm presents the methodology of improving the accuracy of segmentation . Dental arch parameters and distances between the canines and premolars for different segmentation methods were used as a measure to compare the results obtained. Dental ar parameters and distance between the . canines . and . premolars were used to compare . results obtained . Does separation of overlapping dental arch objects using digital records of illuminated plaster cast?### Assistant: A new method of segmentation of overlapping dental arch components using digital records of illuminated plaster casts provides information with the precision required for orthodontic treatment. The distance between corresponding teeth was evaluated with a mean error of 1.38% and the Dice similarity coefficient of the evaluated dental bodies boundaries reached 0.9436 with a false positive rate [Formula: see text] and false negative rate [Formula: see text].

A new method of segmentation of overlapping dental arch components using digital records of illuminated plaster casts provides information with the precision required for orthod

Is osteomyelitis Commonly Associated With Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder in Children?

A retrospective chart review over 5 years of children with septic arthritis of the shoulder was completed . Demographics, clinical presentation, symptoms duration, antibiotic regimen and duration, number of surgical procedures, and evaluation of laboratory value improvements were collected . Patients were stratified in age groups to determine clinical variability based upon patient age . MRSA patients were significantly more likely to require multiple operations to eradicate the infection (P<0.02) and had a longer duration of intravenous antibiotic use (P=0.003)

Septic arthritis of the shoulder in children is commonly associated with adjacent osteomyelitis. Pediatric septic arthritis of the shoulder due to MRSA bacteria can have a more virulent course than other bacterial causes, but is a less commonly identified organism in the youngest patients.

yes

### Human: A retrospective chart review over 5 years of children with septic arthritis of the shoulder was completed . Demographics, clinical presentation, symptoms duration, antibiotic regimen and duration, number of surgical procedures, and evaluation of laboratory value improvements were collected . Patients were stratified in age groups to determine clinical variability based upon patient age . MRSA patients were significantly more likely to require multiple operations to eradicate the infection (P<0.02) and had a longer duration of intravenous antibiotic use (P=0.003) Is osteomyelitis Commonly Associated With Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder in Children?### Assistant: Septic arthritis of the shoulder in children is commonly associated with adjacent osteomyelitis. Pediatric septic arthritis of the shoulder due to MRSA bacteria can have a more virulent course than other bacterial causes, but is a less commonly identified organism in the youngest patients.

MRSA bacteria can have a more virulent course than other bacterial causes, but is a less commonly identified organism in the youngest patients .

Is low-intensity conditioning sufficient to ensure engraftment in matched unrelated bone marrow transplantation?

16 patients with hematological malignancies underwent non-T-cell-depleted BMT following a low-intensity conditioning regimen . Survival and disease-free survival at 36 months are 75% (95% confidence interval 46-90%) and 60% (94% confidence intervals 30-80%) Survival and Disease-free Survival at 36-months-old at 36 years post-BMT . None of the patients developed >Grade II veno-occlusive disease, sepsis, multiorgan failure, or renal or pulmonary toxicity .

These results indicate that low-intensity conditioning is sufficient to ensure stable engraftment of bone marrow grafts in a matched unrelated setting.

yes

### Human: 16 patients with hematological malignancies underwent non-T-cell-depleted BMT following a low-intensity conditioning regimen . Survival and disease-free survival at 36 months are 75% (95% confidence interval 46-90%) and 60% (94% confidence intervals 30-80%) Survival and Disease-free Survival at 36-months-old at 36 years post-BMT . None of the patients developed >Grade II veno-occlusive disease, sepsis, multiorgan failure, or renal or pulmonary toxicity . Is low-intensity conditioning sufficient to ensure engraftment in matched unrelated bone marrow transplantation?### Assistant: These results indicate that low-intensity conditioning is sufficient to ensure stable engraftment of bone marrow grafts in a matched unrelated setting.

Low-intensity conditioning is sufficient to ensure stable engraftment of bone marrow grafts in a matched unrelated setting .

Does follow-up recommendations for patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I-III malignant melanoma?

In 1987, a follow-up protocol was instituted at the Yale Melanoma Unit to improve upon the detection of disease recurrence in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage I-III cutaneous melanoma . The 5-year overall survival rates for Stage I, II, and III patients were 95%, 72%, and 52%, respectively . Of the 78 recurrences, 44 (56%) were detected by physician-directed surveillance examinations and 34 (44%) by patients . The group of asymptomatic patients with recurrence had a survival advantage over the symptomatic group .

Although many recurrences arise rapidly and are recognized early by patients, in this study more than half were found by surveillance examinations before symptoms were manifest. Based on the hazard ratio for recurrences, the authors recommend the following surveillance schedules in addition to the patient education program for detection of recurrences: 1) Stage I, annually; 2) Stage II, every 6 months for Years 1-2 and annually thereafter; 3) Stage III, every 3 months for Year 1, every 4 months for Year 2, and every 6 months for Years 3-5; 4) at Year 6 and beyond, all patients should have surveillance annually, due to the risk of late recurrence and/or metachronous multiple primaries.

yes

### Human: In 1987, a follow-up protocol was instituted at the Yale Melanoma Unit to improve upon the detection of disease recurrence in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage I-III cutaneous melanoma . The 5-year overall survival rates for Stage I, II, and III patients were 95%, 72%, and 52%, respectively . Of the 78 recurrences, 44 (56%) were detected by physician-directed surveillance examinations and 34 (44%) by patients . The group of asymptomatic patients with recurrence had a survival advantage over the symptomatic group . Does follow-up recommendations for patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I-III malignant melanoma?### Assistant: Although many recurrences arise rapidly and are recognized early by patients, in this study more than half were found by surveillance examinations before symptoms were manifest. Based on the hazard ratio for recurrences, the authors recommend the following surveillance schedules in addition to the patient education program for detection of recurrences: 1) Stage I, annually; 2) Stage II, every 6 months for Years 1-2 and annually thereafter; 3) Stage III, every 3 months for Year 1, every 4 months for Year 2, and every 6 months for Years 3-5; 4) at Year 6 and beyond, all patients should have surveillance annually, due to the risk of late recurrence and/or metachronous multiple primaries.

More than half were found by surveillance examinations before symptoms were manifest . All patients should have surveillance annually, the authors recommend .

Do comparative genetic analyses point to HCP5 as susceptibility locus for HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma?

An extended region around rs2596542 was genotyped in 1924 HCV-infected patients from the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study (SCCS) Pair-wise correlation between key SNPs was calculated both in the Japanese and European populations . The minor allele A of the SNP in proximity of MICA appeared to have a protective impact on HCC development in Caucasians, which represents an inverse association as compared to the one observed in Japanese population . This newly identified SNP had a similarly directed effect on Hcc in both Caucasian and Japanese populations .

Our data confirms the MICA/HCP5 region as susceptibility locus for HCV-related HCC and identifies rs2244546 in HCP5 as a novel tagging SNP. In addition, our data exemplify the need for conducting meta-analyses of cohorts of different ethnicities in order to fine map GWAS signals.

yes

### Human: An extended region around rs2596542 was genotyped in 1924 HCV-infected patients from the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study (SCCS) Pair-wise correlation between key SNPs was calculated both in the Japanese and European populations . The minor allele A of the SNP in proximity of MICA appeared to have a protective impact on HCC development in Caucasians, which represents an inverse association as compared to the one observed in Japanese population . This newly identified SNP had a similarly directed effect on Hcc in both Caucasian and Japanese populations . Do comparative genetic analyses point to HCP5 as susceptibility locus for HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma?### Assistant: Our data confirms the MICA/HCP5 region as susceptibility locus for HCV-related HCC and identifies rs2244546 in HCP5 as a novel tagging SNP. In addition, our data exemplify the need for conducting meta-analyses of cohorts of different ethnicities in order to fine map GWAS signals.

MICA/HCP5 region as susceptibility locus for HCV-related HCC and identifies rs2244546 in HCP

Does exercise training improve activity in adolescents with congenital heart disease?

To ascertain if motivational techniques and a structured exercise programme can increase activity in adolescents afflicted with congenital heart disease (CHD). Prospective randomised controlled trial . Seventy-three percent of patients considered to have major CHD . Following intervention, duration of exercise test increased by 1 min 5 s for the intervention group (p value 0.02) along with increase in predicted VO2Max . There were no adverse effects or mortalities reported . Fourteen patients met the current recommendation for more than 60 min MVPA per day at baseline at baseline . This doubled to 29 participants at reassessment .

Exercise training is safe, feasible and beneficial in adolescents with CHD. Psychological techniques can be employed to maximise the impact of interventions.

yes

### Human: To ascertain if motivational techniques and a structured exercise programme can increase activity in adolescents afflicted with congenital heart disease (CHD). Prospective randomised controlled trial . Seventy-three percent of patients considered to have major CHD . Following intervention, duration of exercise test increased by 1 min 5 s for the intervention group (p value 0.02) along with increase in predicted VO2Max . There were no adverse effects or mortalities reported . Fourteen patients met the current recommendation for more than 60 min MVPA per day at baseline at baseline . This doubled to 29 participants at reassessment . Does exercise training improve activity in adolescents with congenital heart disease?### Assistant: Exercise training is safe, feasible and beneficial in adolescents with CHD. Psychological techniques can be employed to maximise the impact of interventions.

Exercise training is safe, feasible and beneficial in adolescents with CHD . Psychological techniques can be employed to maximise the impact of interventions .

Are estimated secondary structure propensities within V1/V2 region of HIV gp120 an important global antibody neutralization sensitivity determinant?

Recent X-ray structures revealed presence of well-defined tertiary structure within this domain but also demonstrated partial disorder and conformational heterogeneity . Strongest correlation peaks localized to beta-strands B, C and circulating recombinant form BC . Stronger correlation peaks were found to be localized to clades B and C. Strongest correlations were found with beta-sheet formation propensity of the folded segments of V1/V2 domain and neutralization sensitivity was observed . Strong correlation persisted when subsets of HIV isolates belonging to clade B, B and BC were analyzed individually or in combinations .

Observed correlations suggest that stability of the beta-sheet structure and/or degree of structural disorder in the V1/V2 domain is an important determinant of the global neutralization sensitivity of HIV-1 virus. While specific mechanism is to yet to be investigated, plausible hypothesis is that less ordered V1/V2s may have stronger masking effect on various neutralizing epitopes, perhaps effectively occupying larger volume and thereby occluding antibody access.

yes

### Human: Recent X-ray structures revealed presence of well-defined tertiary structure within this domain but also demonstrated partial disorder and conformational heterogeneity . Strongest correlation peaks localized to beta-strands B, C and circulating recombinant form BC . Stronger correlation peaks were found to be localized to clades B and C. Strongest correlations were found with beta-sheet formation propensity of the folded segments of V1/V2 domain and neutralization sensitivity was observed . Strong correlation persisted when subsets of HIV isolates belonging to clade B, B and BC were analyzed individually or in combinations . Are estimated secondary structure propensities within V1/V2 region of HIV gp120 an important global antibody neutralization sensitivity determinant?### Assistant: Observed correlations suggest that stability of the beta-sheet structure and/or degree of structural disorder in the V1/V2 domain is an important determinant of the global neutralization sensitivity of HIV-1 virus. While specific mechanism is to yet to be investigated, plausible hypothesis is that less ordered V1/V2s may have stronger masking effect on various neutralizing epitopes, perhaps effectively occupying larger volume and thereby occluding antibody access.

Stability of the beta-sheet structure and/or degree of structural disorder in the V1/V2 domain is an important determinant

Is splanchnic circulation maintained during passive hyperventilation in orthotopic liver recipients?

Hyperventilation may also affect central and systemic circulation and thereby influence graft performance in patients following liver transplant . We measured the effects of normocapnia and hypocapnia on systemic hemodynamics, gastric tonometry, as a marker of splanchnic oxygenation and indocyanine green kinetic, in humans post OLT . Systemic hemodynamics as well as indices of splranchnic . oxygenation remained statistically unchanged . Systemics hemodynamics remained statistically . unchanged . We found that hyperventilation was performed to a PaCO2 of 4.2 +/- 0.4 kPa (31 +/- 3.4 mm Hg) for about 1 h in 14 liver transplant recipients .

We did not observe any statistically significant circulatory effects or changes in indocyanine green kinetics in liver transplant recipients in the immediate OLT postoperative period caused by short-term mechanical hyperventilation.

yes

### Human: Hyperventilation may also affect central and systemic circulation and thereby influence graft performance in patients following liver transplant . We measured the effects of normocapnia and hypocapnia on systemic hemodynamics, gastric tonometry, as a marker of splanchnic oxygenation and indocyanine green kinetic, in humans post OLT . Systemic hemodynamics as well as indices of splranchnic . oxygenation remained statistically unchanged . Systemics hemodynamics remained statistically . unchanged . We found that hyperventilation was performed to a PaCO2 of 4.2 +/- 0.4 kPa (31 +/- 3.4 mm Hg) for about 1 h in 14 liver transplant recipients . Is splanchnic circulation maintained during passive hyperventilation in orthotopic liver recipients?### Assistant: We did not observe any statistically significant circulatory effects or changes in indocyanine green kinetics in liver transplant recipients in the immediate OLT postoperative period caused by short-term mechanical hyperventilation.

We did not observe any statistically significant circulatory effects or changes in indocyanine green kinetics in liver transplant recipients .

Do internalin profiling and multilocus sequence typing suggest four Listeria innocua subgroups with different evolutionary distances from Listeria monocytogenes?

L. innocua was genetically monophyletic compared to L. monocytogenes and comprised four subgroups . Subgroup A harbored a whole set of . L. innocentua-specific internalin genes, and displayed higher recombination rates than those of subgroup B . Subgroups A and B correlated with internalin types 1 and 3 (except the strain 0063 belonging to subgroup C) and internalin . types 2 and 4 respectively . SubGroup A exhibited a significantly smaller exterior/interior branch length ratio than expected under the coalescent model, suggesting a recent expansion of its population size .

L. innocua represents a young species descending from L. monocytogenes and comprises four subgroups: two major subgroups A and B, and one atypical subgroup D serving as a link between L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in the evolutionary chain. Although subgroups A and B appeared at approximately the same time, subgroup A seems to have experienced a recent expansion of the population size with higher recombination frequency and effect than those of subgroup B, and might represent the possible evolutionary direction towards adaptation to environments. The evolutionary history in the L. monocytogenes-L. innocua clade represents a rare example of evolution towards reduced virulence of pathogens.

yes

### Human: L. innocua was genetically monophyletic compared to L. monocytogenes and comprised four subgroups . Subgroup A harbored a whole set of . L. innocentua-specific internalin genes, and displayed higher recombination rates than those of subgroup B . Subgroups A and B correlated with internalin types 1 and 3 (except the strain 0063 belonging to subgroup C) and internalin . types 2 and 4 respectively . SubGroup A exhibited a significantly smaller exterior/interior branch length ratio than expected under the coalescent model, suggesting a recent expansion of its population size . Do internalin profiling and multilocus sequence typing suggest four Listeria innocua subgroups with different evolutionary distances from Listeria monocytogenes?### Assistant: L. innocua represents a young species descending from L. monocytogenes and comprises four subgroups: two major subgroups A and B, and one atypical subgroup D serving as a link between L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in the evolutionary chain. Although subgroups A and B appeared at approximately the same time, subgroup A seems to have experienced a recent expansion of the population size with higher recombination frequency and effect than those of subgroup B, and might represent the possible evolutionary direction towards adaptation to environments. The evolutionary history in the L. monocytogenes-L. innocua clade represents a rare example of evolution towards reduced virulence of pathogens.

L. innocua represents a young species descending from L. monocytogenes and comprises four subgroups . Subgroup A seems

Does serum inhibit P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on plastic surfaces and intravenous catheters?

Serum has bactericidal activity, a function of multiple serum components . We determined the effect of serum and serum components on the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm . Coverslips precoated with ABS-supplemented medium (M9/ABS-10) failed to develop biofilm when placed in M9 . Compared with M9, M9/BBS--10 enhanced PAO1 twitching motility considerably, but did not affect swimming motility .

These results suggest that as part of the host innate resistance, serum inhibits P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on plastic surfaces, including intravenous catheters. Two possible scenarios for this inhibition include blocking the direct interaction between P. aeruginosa and the substrates, and the enhancing P. aeruginosa twitching motility.

yes

### Human: Serum has bactericidal activity, a function of multiple serum components . We determined the effect of serum and serum components on the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm . Coverslips precoated with ABS-supplemented medium (M9/ABS-10) failed to develop biofilm when placed in M9 . Compared with M9, M9/BBS--10 enhanced PAO1 twitching motility considerably, but did not affect swimming motility . Does serum inhibit P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on plastic surfaces and intravenous catheters?### Assistant: These results suggest that as part of the host innate resistance, serum inhibits P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on plastic surfaces, including intravenous catheters. Two possible scenarios for this inhibition include blocking the direct interaction between P. aeruginosa and the substrates, and the enhancing P. aeruginosa twitching motility.

serum inhibits P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on plastic surfaces, including intravenous catheters . Two possible scenarios for this

Does morphine-6beta-glucuronide rapidly increase pain sensitivity independently of opioid receptor activity in mice and humans?

morphine-6beta-glucuronide (M6G) can paradoxically increase pain sensitivity in mice and humans . M6G is a morphine metabolite with analgesic properties . In humans, M6g increased heat pain sensitivity for at least 6 h independently of simultaneous naloxone infusion . The authors tested mice for M6Gs hyperalgesia and assessed the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity in mice . In volunteers, responses to heat pain were tested after a M4G (0.4 mg/kg) injection in the presence of a continuous high naloxin (0 .04-mg/kg bolus followed by 0.04 mg/ kg per hour) or saline background infusion .

These data indicate that M6G causes hyperalgesia independent of previous or concurrent opioid receptor activity or analgesia. In mice, a causal role for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is also indicated.

yes

### Human: morphine-6beta-glucuronide (M6G) can paradoxically increase pain sensitivity in mice and humans . M6G is a morphine metabolite with analgesic properties . In humans, M6g increased heat pain sensitivity for at least 6 h independently of simultaneous naloxone infusion . The authors tested mice for M6Gs hyperalgesia and assessed the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity in mice . In volunteers, responses to heat pain were tested after a M4G (0.4 mg/kg) injection in the presence of a continuous high naloxin (0 .04-mg/kg bolus followed by 0.04 mg/ kg per hour) or saline background infusion . Does morphine-6beta-glucuronide rapidly increase pain sensitivity independently of opioid receptor activity in mice and humans?### Assistant: These data indicate that M6G causes hyperalgesia independent of previous or concurrent opioid receptor activity or analgesia. In mice, a causal role for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is also indicated.

M6G causes hyperalgesia independent of previous or concurrent opioid receptor activity or analgesia . In mice, a causal role for

Does progression rates and sample size estimate for PPMS based on the CLIMB study population?

The objective of this paper is to characterize demographic and clinical characteristics of PPMS and assess rate of disability progression . We studied PPMS (n = 73) and relapsing-onset MS (ROMS) patients . Motor symptoms at onset and first symptoms localized to spinal cord were each strongly associated with PPMS . The PP group had a 1.09:1 male:female ratio compared to 1:2.89 for the RO group and greater mean age of onset (PP: 44.4±9.6; RO: 32.7± 9.9; p < 0.0001)

Our modern PPMS cohort is demographically similar to previously studied cohorts. PPMS is associated with faster disability accrual than ROMS. Current real-world observations of time to sustained progression will inform design of new clinical trials for PPMS.

yes

### Human: The objective of this paper is to characterize demographic and clinical characteristics of PPMS and assess rate of disability progression . We studied PPMS (n = 73) and relapsing-onset MS (ROMS) patients . Motor symptoms at onset and first symptoms localized to spinal cord were each strongly associated with PPMS . The PP group had a 1.09:1 male:female ratio compared to 1:2.89 for the RO group and greater mean age of onset (PP: 44.4±9.6; RO: 32.7± 9.9; p < 0.0001) Does progression rates and sample size estimate for PPMS based on the CLIMB study population?### Assistant: Our modern PPMS cohort is demographically similar to previously studied cohorts. PPMS is associated with faster disability accrual than ROMS. Current real-world observations of time to sustained progression will inform design of new clinical trials for PPMS.

PPMS is associated with faster disability accrual than ROMS . Current observations will inform design of new clinical trials for PPMS .

Does trigeminal nerve injury-induced thrombospondin-4 up-regulation contribute to orofacial neuropathic pain states in a rat model?

Peripheral nerve injury has been shown to cause up-regulation of thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) in dorsal spinal cord that correlates with neuropathic pain development . In this study, we examined whether injury-induced TSP4 is critical in mediating orofacial pain development in a rat model of chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve . Injured rats were injected with TSP 4 antisense and mismatch oligodeoxynucleotides .

Our data support that infraorbital nerve injury leads to TSP4 up-regulation in trigeminal spinal complex that contributes to orofacial neuropathic pain states. Blocking this pathway may provide an alternative approach in management of orofacial neuropathic pain states.

yes

### Human: Peripheral nerve injury has been shown to cause up-regulation of thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) in dorsal spinal cord that correlates with neuropathic pain development . In this study, we examined whether injury-induced TSP4 is critical in mediating orofacial pain development in a rat model of chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve . Injured rats were injected with TSP 4 antisense and mismatch oligodeoxynucleotides . Does trigeminal nerve injury-induced thrombospondin-4 up-regulation contribute to orofacial neuropathic pain states in a rat model?### Assistant: Our data support that infraorbital nerve injury leads to TSP4 up-regulation in trigeminal spinal complex that contributes to orofacial neuropathic pain states. Blocking this pathway may provide an alternative approach in management of orofacial neuropathic pain states.

Infraorbital nerve injury leads to TSP4 up-regulation in trigeminal spinal complex . Blocking this pathway may provide

Is higher preference for participation in treatment decisions associated with lower medication adherence in asthma patients?

100 and eighty-five asthma patients from 43 practices completed a series of questionnaires . Higher participation preference was associated with stopping medication when feeling better (OR 1.03; 95%CI 1.06) or feeling worse . Higher information preference associated with non-adherence to medication (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.166; p=0.166) Higher information preferences were associated with using peak flow meters . Higher data preference was not related to asthma severity but it was not associated with asthma severity .

Participation preference was low in general. Higher preference for involvement may entail more motivation for self-management but also lower medication adherence. This may be explained by a continuous internal negotiation process to accept the potentially lifelong demands of the disease.

yes

### Human: 100 and eighty-five asthma patients from 43 practices completed a series of questionnaires . Higher participation preference was associated with stopping medication when feeling better (OR 1.03; 95%CI 1.06) or feeling worse . Higher information preference associated with non-adherence to medication (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.166; p=0.166) Higher information preferences were associated with using peak flow meters . Higher data preference was not related to asthma severity but it was not associated with asthma severity . Is higher preference for participation in treatment decisions associated with lower medication adherence in asthma patients?### Assistant: Participation preference was low in general. Higher preference for involvement may entail more motivation for self-management but also lower medication adherence. This may be explained by a continuous internal negotiation process to accept the potentially lifelong demands of the disease.

Participants' participation preference was low in general . This may be explained by a continuous internal negotiation process to accept the potentially lifelong demands of the

Do low 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels correlate with the presence of extra-hepatic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C virus infection?

Recent studies have suggested an immunomodulatory role for vitamin D during HCV infection . We investigated the association between serum vitamin D status and the presence of HCV extra-hepatic manifestations . Patients with vitamin D deficiency vs insufficiency vs sufficiency more frequently had systemic vasculitis (P = 0.02), purpura, detectable MC and low C4 serum levels . Serum levels of 25(OH)D were also correlated with cryoglobulin and C4 levels and with marginal zone B cells .

In chronic HCV infection, low 25(OH)D levels correlate with the presence of mixed cryoglobulinaemia and systemic vasculitis in chronic HCV infection. These findings suggest the potential multifaceted benefits of vitamin D supplementation in HCV-infected patients with extra-hepatic manifestations, but interventional studies are needed to confirm these data.

yes

### Human: Recent studies have suggested an immunomodulatory role for vitamin D during HCV infection . We investigated the association between serum vitamin D status and the presence of HCV extra-hepatic manifestations . Patients with vitamin D deficiency vs insufficiency vs sufficiency more frequently had systemic vasculitis (P = 0.02), purpura, detectable MC and low C4 serum levels . Serum levels of 25(OH)D were also correlated with cryoglobulin and C4 levels and with marginal zone B cells . Do low 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels correlate with the presence of extra-hepatic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C virus infection?### Assistant: In chronic HCV infection, low 25(OH)D levels correlate with the presence of mixed cryoglobulinaemia and systemic vasculitis in chronic HCV infection. These findings suggest the potential multifaceted benefits of vitamin D supplementation in HCV-infected patients with extra-hepatic manifestations, but interventional studies are needed to confirm these data.

In chronic HCV infection, low 25(OH)D levels correlate with the presence of mixed cryoglobulinaemia and systemic

Do shear stress-stimulated endothelial cells induce smooth muscle cell chemotaxis via platelet-derived growth factor-BB and interleukin-1alpha?

Hemodynamic forces such as shear stress and cyclic strain stimulate endothelial cell signal-transduction pathways, resulting in the secretion of several factors, including SMC chemoattractants such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) We hypothesized that mechanical forces stimulate endothelien cells to secrete SMC chemicals to induce migration via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway . Both PDGF-BB and IL-1alpha stimulated SMC migration but were not synergistic .

Shear stress stimulates endothelial cells to secrete several SMC chemoattractants, including PDGF-BB and IL-1alpha; both PDGF-BB and IL-1alpha stimulate SMC chemotaxis via the ERK1/2 signal-transduction pathway. These results suggest that the response to vascular injury may have a common pathway amenable to pharmacologic manipulation.

yes

### Human: Hemodynamic forces such as shear stress and cyclic strain stimulate endothelial cell signal-transduction pathways, resulting in the secretion of several factors, including SMC chemoattractants such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) We hypothesized that mechanical forces stimulate endothelien cells to secrete SMC chemicals to induce migration via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway . Both PDGF-BB and IL-1alpha stimulated SMC migration but were not synergistic . Do shear stress-stimulated endothelial cells induce smooth muscle cell chemotaxis via platelet-derived growth factor-BB and interleukin-1alpha?### Assistant: Shear stress stimulates endothelial cells to secrete several SMC chemoattractants, including PDGF-BB and IL-1alpha; both PDGF-BB and IL-1alpha stimulate SMC chemotaxis via the ERK1/2 signal-transduction pathway. These results suggest that the response to vascular injury may have a common pathway amenable to pharmacologic manipulation.

Stress stimulates endothelial cells to secrete several SMC chemoattractants, including PDGF-BB and IL-1alpha

Is early non-elective readmission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with weight loss?

Clinical characteristics were analysed with special emphasis on body weight on admission and weight changes during hospitalization . Cases and controls were matched on several parameters including FEV(1)% predicted obtained during a stable phase of the disease . During hospitalization the cases lost weight (-1.6+/-1.9 kg, while controls remained weight stable . Using a matched pairs logistic regression analysis, low BMI on admission (P= 0.011) and low BMI (P) on admission were related to the increased risk of unplanned readmission .

These findings provide further support for the concept that nutritional status is related to morbidity in COPD.

yes

### Human: Clinical characteristics were analysed with special emphasis on body weight on admission and weight changes during hospitalization . Cases and controls were matched on several parameters including FEV(1)% predicted obtained during a stable phase of the disease . During hospitalization the cases lost weight (-1.6+/-1.9 kg, while controls remained weight stable . Using a matched pairs logistic regression analysis, low BMI on admission (P= 0.011) and low BMI (P) on admission were related to the increased risk of unplanned readmission . Is early non-elective readmission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with weight loss?### Assistant: These findings provide further support for the concept that nutritional status is related to morbidity in COPD.

These findings provide further support for the concept that nutritional status is related to morbidity in COPD .

Is mild to moderate cognitive impairment a major risk factor for mortality and nursing home admission in the first year after hip fracture?

It is not well established if and to what extent mild to moderate cognitive impairment predicts mortality and risk of nursing home admission after hip fracture . We enrolled 173 patients with acute hip fracture age 65 and older who reached a Mini-Mental State Examination score of at least 15 during acute care after fracture repair . Primary outcomes were mortality in all and admission to nursing home among seniors who lived at home prior to their hip fracture. Follow-up was 12 months with clinical visits at baseline, 6, and 12 months, plus monthly phone calls .

Mild to moderate cognitive impairment in patients with acute hip fracture is associated with a high risk of mortality and nursing home admission during the first year after hip fracture. Female gender, a greater BMI and a higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D status may protect against mortality after hip fracture independent of cognitive function.

yes

### Human: It is not well established if and to what extent mild to moderate cognitive impairment predicts mortality and risk of nursing home admission after hip fracture . We enrolled 173 patients with acute hip fracture age 65 and older who reached a Mini-Mental State Examination score of at least 15 during acute care after fracture repair . Primary outcomes were mortality in all and admission to nursing home among seniors who lived at home prior to their hip fracture. Follow-up was 12 months with clinical visits at baseline, 6, and 12 months, plus monthly phone calls . Is mild to moderate cognitive impairment a major risk factor for mortality and nursing home admission in the first year after hip fracture?### Assistant: Mild to moderate cognitive impairment in patients with acute hip fracture is associated with a high risk of mortality and nursing home admission during the first year after hip fracture. Female gender, a greater BMI and a higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D status may protect against mortality after hip fracture independent of cognitive function.

Mild to moderate cognitive impairment in patients with acute hip fracture is associated with a high risk of mortality and nursing home admission during the first year

Does dopamine D1 receptor signaling system regulate ryanodine receptor expression in ethanol physical dependence?

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) play an important role in central nervous system functions including learning, memory, and drug abuse . In this study, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanisms of RyR expression under continuous exposure of mice to ethanol (EtOH) vapor for 9 days . We found that RyR levels of RyRs increased in the frontal cortex and limbic forebrain significantly increased during EtOH vapor exposure . Increased proteins and mRNA were abolished by SCH23390, a selective antagonist of dopamine D1 receptors (D1DRs)

RyRs play a critical role in the development of EtOH physical dependence and that the up-regulation of RyRs in the brain of mouse, showing EtOH physical dependence is regulated by D1DRs.

yes

### Human: Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) play an important role in central nervous system functions including learning, memory, and drug abuse . In this study, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanisms of RyR expression under continuous exposure of mice to ethanol (EtOH) vapor for 9 days . We found that RyR levels of RyRs increased in the frontal cortex and limbic forebrain significantly increased during EtOH vapor exposure . Increased proteins and mRNA were abolished by SCH23390, a selective antagonist of dopamine D1 receptors (D1DRs) Does dopamine D1 receptor signaling system regulate ryanodine receptor expression in ethanol physical dependence?### Assistant: RyRs play a critical role in the development of EtOH physical dependence and that the up-regulation of RyRs in the brain of mouse, showing EtOH physical dependence is regulated by D1DRs.

RyRs play a critical role in the development of EtOH physical dependence . The up-regulation of RyRs in the brain of mouse

Does body mass index relate to males with posttraumatic stress disorder?

Veterans in a newly formed PTSD program at a VA medical center in Richmond, VA . Low income is an important variable determining priority group status . Two-thirds of the veterans were in the age range of 50-59 years (Vietnam veterans) Their mean BMI was 30.2 +/- 5.6 kg/m2, and this value did not separate by race . 84.1% of our veterans were either overweight or obese, and low income was an important factor in the study .

The pervasiveness of overweight and obesity in our PTSD population was profound. Our observations suggest that low SES is a likely contributor to veterans in lower priority groups having greater BMIs than veterans in higher priority groups.

yes

### Human: Veterans in a newly formed PTSD program at a VA medical center in Richmond, VA . Low income is an important variable determining priority group status . Two-thirds of the veterans were in the age range of 50-59 years (Vietnam veterans) Their mean BMI was 30.2 +/- 5.6 kg/m2, and this value did not separate by race . 84.1% of our veterans were either overweight or obese, and low income was an important factor in the study . Does body mass index relate to males with posttraumatic stress disorder?### Assistant: The pervasiveness of overweight and obesity in our PTSD population was profound. Our observations suggest that low SES is a likely contributor to veterans in lower priority groups having greater BMIs than veterans in higher priority groups.

The pervasiveness of overweight and obesity in our PTSD population was profound . Low SES is a likely contributor to veterans in lower priority

Are polymorphisms in chemokine receptor 5 and Toll-like receptor 3 genes risk factors for clinical tick-borne encephalitis in the Lithuanian population?

The prevalence of CCR5Δ32 homozygotes was higher in children (2.5%), in adults with severe TBE (1.9%) and in the combined cohort of TBE patients (2) than in controls (0%) The nonfunctional homozygous TLR3 genotype was less prevalent among the combined TBE cohort (11.5%) than among controls (19.9%), but did not differ between children TBE and controls . The genotype and allele prevalence of . CCR 5 delta 32 and . rs3775291 TLR 3 genotypes were established by pyrosequencing .

Independently of age, nonfunctional CCR5Δ32 mutation is a significant risk factor for development of clinical TBE, but not for disease severity. The polymorphism of TLR3 gene predisposes to clinical TBE in adults only and may be associated with disease severity. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of these polymorphisms in susceptibility to TBEV infection.

yes

### Human: The prevalence of CCR5Δ32 homozygotes was higher in children (2.5%), in adults with severe TBE (1.9%) and in the combined cohort of TBE patients (2) than in controls (0%) The nonfunctional homozygous TLR3 genotype was less prevalent among the combined TBE cohort (11.5%) than among controls (19.9%), but did not differ between children TBE and controls . The genotype and allele prevalence of . CCR 5 delta 32 and . rs3775291 TLR 3 genotypes were established by pyrosequencing . Are polymorphisms in chemokine receptor 5 and Toll-like receptor 3 genes risk factors for clinical tick-borne encephalitis in the Lithuanian population?### Assistant: Independently of age, nonfunctional CCR5Δ32 mutation is a significant risk factor for development of clinical TBE, but not for disease severity. The polymorphism of TLR3 gene predisposes to clinical TBE in adults only and may be associated with disease severity. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of these polymorphisms in susceptibility to TBEV infection.

Nonfunctional CCR5Δ32 mutation is a significant risk factor for development of clinical TBE, but not for disease severity .

Are potassium , magnesium , and fruit and vegetable intakes associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women?

Osteoporosis and related fractures will be growing public health problems as the population ages . It is therefore of great importance to identify modifiable risk factors . We investigated associations between dietary components contributing to alkaline environment (dietary potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetables) and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly subjects . There were no significant associations between baseline diet and subsequent bone loss in women, and there were no associations between the diet and bone loss among those women .

These results support the hypothesis that alkaline-producing dietary components, specifically, potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetables, contribute to maintenance of BMD.

yes

### Human: Osteoporosis and related fractures will be growing public health problems as the population ages . It is therefore of great importance to identify modifiable risk factors . We investigated associations between dietary components contributing to alkaline environment (dietary potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetables) and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly subjects . There were no significant associations between baseline diet and subsequent bone loss in women, and there were no associations between the diet and bone loss among those women . Are potassium , magnesium , and fruit and vegetable intakes associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women?### Assistant: These results support the hypothesis that alkaline-producing dietary components, specifically, potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetables, contribute to maintenance of BMD.

These results support the hypothesis that alkaline-producing dietary components, specifically, potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetables, contribute to maintenance

Is epicardial fat associated with duration of antiretroviral therapy and coronary atherosclerosis?

Cytokines released by epicardial fat are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis . HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy have been associated with changes in body fat distribution and coronary artery disease . HIV serostatus did not modify associations between EAT and CAC extent or presence of plaque . EAT was associated with presence of any coronary artery plaque (P=0.006) and noncalcified plaque . HIV-infected men had greater EAT than HIV-uninfected .

Greater epicardial fat volume in HIV-infected men and its association with coronary plaque and antiretroviral therapy duration suggest potential mechanisms that might lead to increased risk for cardiovascular disease in HIV.

yes

### Human: Cytokines released by epicardial fat are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis . HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy have been associated with changes in body fat distribution and coronary artery disease . HIV serostatus did not modify associations between EAT and CAC extent or presence of plaque . EAT was associated with presence of any coronary artery plaque (P=0.006) and noncalcified plaque . HIV-infected men had greater EAT than HIV-uninfected . Is epicardial fat associated with duration of antiretroviral therapy and coronary atherosclerosis?### Assistant: Greater epicardial fat volume in HIV-infected men and its association with coronary plaque and antiretroviral therapy duration suggest potential mechanisms that might lead to increased risk for cardiovascular disease in HIV.

Great epicardial fat volume in HIV-infected men and its association with coronary plaque and antiretroviral therapy duration suggest

Is disease activity an important factor for indeterminate interferon-γ release assay results in children with inflammatory bowel disease?

Interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) is widely used for screening of latent tuberculosis (TB) before and during biological therapy (BT) An indeterminate result of IGRA represents a limitation in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Data on factors influencing IGRA results are scarce in children . The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing IBD results in children with IBD . Indeterminate QFT was associated with corticosteroid treatment, BT, and disease activity, but not with treatment by immunomodulators .

Although corticosteroid treatment is traditionally considered to be the main risk factor for indeterminate results of IGRA, the disease activity of IBD has even more profound effects on the results.

yes

### Human: Interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) is widely used for screening of latent tuberculosis (TB) before and during biological therapy (BT) An indeterminate result of IGRA represents a limitation in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Data on factors influencing IGRA results are scarce in children . The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing IBD results in children with IBD . Indeterminate QFT was associated with corticosteroid treatment, BT, and disease activity, but not with treatment by immunomodulators . Is disease activity an important factor for indeterminate interferon-γ release assay results in children with inflammatory bowel disease?### Assistant: Although corticosteroid treatment is traditionally considered to be the main risk factor for indeterminate results of IGRA, the disease activity of IBD has even more profound effects on the results.

corticosteroid treatment is traditionally considered to be the main risk factor for indeterminate results of IGRA . Disease activity of I

Are elevated circulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 ( TIMP-1 ) levels associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in castration resistant prostate cancer?

TIMP-1 protein is a 28.5 kDa secreted glycoprotein that inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity . The underlying source and impact of elevated circulating TIMp-1 proteins is unknown . The study used qRT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry to evaluate TIMP’1 expression in androgen-sensitive and resistant prostate cancer cell lines, tumor tissues and patient sera . We also explored the relationship between TIMP.-1 overexpression and induction of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED)

We provide in vitro and clinical evidence to support the association between NED and elevated circulating TIMP-1 expression in CRPC. Our observation supports further evaluation of TIMP-1 as a tissue and serum biomarker for NED in CRPC.

yes

### Human: TIMP-1 protein is a 28.5 kDa secreted glycoprotein that inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity . The underlying source and impact of elevated circulating TIMp-1 proteins is unknown . The study used qRT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry to evaluate TIMP’1 expression in androgen-sensitive and resistant prostate cancer cell lines, tumor tissues and patient sera . We also explored the relationship between TIMP.-1 overexpression and induction of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) Are elevated circulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 ( TIMP-1 ) levels associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in castration resistant prostate cancer?### Assistant: We provide in vitro and clinical evidence to support the association between NED and elevated circulating TIMP-1 expression in CRPC. Our observation supports further evaluation of TIMP-1 as a tissue and serum biomarker for NED in CRPC.

We provide in vitro and clinical evidence to support the association between NED and TIMP-1 expression in CRPC . Our observation supports

Is clinicopathological evidence that neovascularisation a cause of recurrent varicose veins?

A total of 28 legs had groin re-exploration with repeat flush saphenofemoral ligation . Evidence of neovascularisation was found in 27 of 28 groins . In five groins recurrence was due to a residual missed vein at the saphenfemoral junction . In four cases recurrence caused by cross groin collaterals . In eight it co-existed with the veins missed at the original operation but it was the sole identified cause of recurrent saphenoffemoral incompetence in 19 (68%) groins.

Neovascularisation was the principal cause of recurrent saphenofemoral incompetence in this series.

yes

### Human: A total of 28 legs had groin re-exploration with repeat flush saphenofemoral ligation . Evidence of neovascularisation was found in 27 of 28 groins . In five groins recurrence was due to a residual missed vein at the saphenfemoral junction . In four cases recurrence caused by cross groin collaterals . In eight it co-existed with the veins missed at the original operation but it was the sole identified cause of recurrent saphenoffemoral incompetence in 19 (68%) groins. Is clinicopathological evidence that neovascularisation a cause of recurrent varicose veins?### Assistant: Neovascularisation was the principal cause of recurrent saphenofemoral incompetence in this series.

Neovascularisation was the principal cause of recurrent saphenofemoral incompetence in this series .

Does nerve Growth Factor promote Angiogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Fiber Remodeling in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia?

Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reported to play an important role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis . This study aimed to investigate the effects of NGF on angiogenic and skeletal muscle fiber remodeling in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia . The endothelial cell proliferation index and capillary density of VEGF group and NGF group were significantly increased compared with normal control group and blank control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference of the NGF protein expression .

NGF transfection can promote NGF and VEGF protein expression which not only can induce angiogenesis but also induce type I muscle fiber expression in ischemic limbs.

yes

### Human: Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reported to play an important role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis . This study aimed to investigate the effects of NGF on angiogenic and skeletal muscle fiber remodeling in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia . The endothelial cell proliferation index and capillary density of VEGF group and NGF group were significantly increased compared with normal control group and blank control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference of the NGF protein expression . Does nerve Growth Factor promote Angiogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Fiber Remodeling in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia?### Assistant: NGF transfection can promote NGF and VEGF protein expression which not only can induce angiogenesis but also induce type I muscle fiber expression in ischemic limbs.

NGF transfection can promote NGF and VEGF protein expression in ischemic limbs . This can induce angiogenesis

Is a synonymous variation in protease-activated receptor-2 associated with atopy in Korean children?

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is involved in various inflammatory diseases, but the association of it with allergic diseases remains unclear . We identified PAR-2 variations in a Korean population and conducted association analyses . Subjects with the c.621T risk allele had significantly higher serum IgE and total eosinophil count levels . An in silico analysis of RNA secondary structure prediction revealed that the C to T conversion at c .621 greatly increased predicted PAR-1 mRNA stability . This was also confirmed by an in-vitro assay for mRNA stability.

These results indicate that the synonymous c.621C>T polymorphism in PAR-2 might be associated with the risk of atopy, potentially by altering PAR-2 gene expression.

yes

### Human: Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is involved in various inflammatory diseases, but the association of it with allergic diseases remains unclear . We identified PAR-2 variations in a Korean population and conducted association analyses . Subjects with the c.621T risk allele had significantly higher serum IgE and total eosinophil count levels . An in silico analysis of RNA secondary structure prediction revealed that the C to T conversion at c .621 greatly increased predicted PAR-1 mRNA stability . This was also confirmed by an in-vitro assay for mRNA stability. Is a synonymous variation in protease-activated receptor-2 associated with atopy in Korean children?### Assistant: These results indicate that the synonymous c.621C>T polymorphism in PAR-2 might be associated with the risk of atopy, potentially by altering PAR-2 gene expression.

The synonymous c.621C>T polymorphism in PAR-2 might be associated with the risk of atopy, potentially by