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Is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 a key modulator of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular and renal disease?

ACE2 deficiency is associated with elevated tissue and circulating levels of angiotensin II . Phenotypically, this results in a modest elevation in systolic blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy . ACE2 replenishment or augmentation of its actions have proven successful in reducing hypertension, plaque accumulation, and renal and cardiac damage in a range of different models . But overexpression of ACE2 may have adverse cardiac effects, and ACE2 and its metabolic products may promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition .

Repletion of ACE2's activities offers a new strategy to complement current clinical interventions in treating hypertension, renal and cardiovascular disease. In particular conditions where ACE inhibition and angiotensin receptor blockade are partially effective, the adjunctive actions of ACE2 may not only reduce clinical escape but also augment the efficacy of interventions.

yes

### Human: ACE2 deficiency is associated with elevated tissue and circulating levels of angiotensin II . Phenotypically, this results in a modest elevation in systolic blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy . ACE2 replenishment or augmentation of its actions have proven successful in reducing hypertension, plaque accumulation, and renal and cardiac damage in a range of different models . But overexpression of ACE2 may have adverse cardiac effects, and ACE2 and its metabolic products may promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition . Is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 a key modulator of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular and renal disease?### Assistant: Repletion of ACE2's activities offers a new strategy to complement current clinical interventions in treating hypertension, renal and cardiovascular disease. In particular conditions where ACE inhibition and angiotensin receptor blockade are partially effective, the adjunctive actions of ACE2 may not only reduce clinical escape but also augment the efficacy of interventions.

ACE2's activities offer a new strategy to complement current clinical interventions in treating hypertension, renal and cardiovascular disease .

Does cytotoxic effects of glass ionomer cement on human dental pulp stem cells correlate with fluoride release?

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are commonly used as restorative materials . Fluoride release correlated with cytotoxicity of GICs, while Aluminium and Strontium ions did not . Cell survival ranged between 79.62% (Fuji Triage) to 1.5% and most dead DPSCs were in the stage of late apoptosis. Cell survival was between 79% (Firo II) to . 1.4% ( Fuji Plus) and most (Fujki Plus) were in . the stage . of late . apoptosis .

Fuji Plus, Vitrebond and Fuji VIII, which released fluoride in higher quantities than other GICs, were highly toxic to human DPSCs. Opposite, low levels of released fluoride correlated to low cytotoxic effect of Composit, Fuji I and Fuji Triage.

yes

### Human: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are commonly used as restorative materials . Fluoride release correlated with cytotoxicity of GICs, while Aluminium and Strontium ions did not . Cell survival ranged between 79.62% (Fuji Triage) to 1.5% and most dead DPSCs were in the stage of late apoptosis. Cell survival was between 79% (Firo II) to . 1.4% ( Fuji Plus) and most (Fujki Plus) were in . the stage . of late . apoptosis . Does cytotoxic effects of glass ionomer cement on human dental pulp stem cells correlate with fluoride release?### Assistant: Fuji Plus, Vitrebond and Fuji VIII, which released fluoride in higher quantities than other GICs, were highly toxic to human DPSCs. Opposite, low levels of released fluoride correlated to low cytotoxic effect of Composit, Fuji I and Fuji Triage.

Fuji Plus, Vitrebond and Fuji VIII released fluoride in higher quantities than other GICs . Opposite, low levels of released

Do serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein ( COMP ) correlate with radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis?

Serum COMP levels were measured by sandwich ELISA with monoclonal antibodies 16-F12 and 17-C10 at baseline and at study end . Levels were correlated with changes in (1) joint space width (JSW), (2) K-L grade, (3) Lequesne, and (4) WOMAC indices, over 3 years . Baseline COMP levels correlated strongly with end serum COMP levels at baseline as well as at study ends . Patients who progressed by two K-l grades had significantly higher COMP levels .

Serum COMP has the potential to be a prognostic marker of disease progression. High COMP levels, persisting over the 3-year study period in the patients with radiographic progression, indicated differences in disease activity detectable throughout the entire follow-up interval.

yes

### Human: Serum COMP levels were measured by sandwich ELISA with monoclonal antibodies 16-F12 and 17-C10 at baseline and at study end . Levels were correlated with changes in (1) joint space width (JSW), (2) K-L grade, (3) Lequesne, and (4) WOMAC indices, over 3 years . Baseline COMP levels correlated strongly with end serum COMP levels at baseline as well as at study ends . Patients who progressed by two K-l grades had significantly higher COMP levels . Do serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein ( COMP ) correlate with radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis?### Assistant: Serum COMP has the potential to be a prognostic marker of disease progression. High COMP levels, persisting over the 3-year study period in the patients with radiographic progression, indicated differences in disease activity detectable throughout the entire follow-up interval.

Serum COMP has the potential to be a prognostic marker of disease progression . High COMP levels persisting over the 3-year study

Are minimum alveolar concentration of halothane and enflurane decreased in early pregnancy?

Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane is decreased in early pregnancy but it is not known whether this occurs to the same extent with other inhalational anesthetics . MAC of halothane and enflurane were compared in pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and in nonpregnant women . The percentage decrease in MAC for pregnant women was 27% (20 to 27%) for halothanes and 30% (24 to 36%) for enflursane .

The MAC of halothane and enflurane were reduced by a similar degree in pregnant women at 8 to 13 weeks gestation compared with nonpregnant women.

yes

### Human: Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane is decreased in early pregnancy but it is not known whether this occurs to the same extent with other inhalational anesthetics . MAC of halothane and enflurane were compared in pregnant women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy and in nonpregnant women . The percentage decrease in MAC for pregnant women was 27% (20 to 27%) for halothanes and 30% (24 to 36%) for enflursane . Are minimum alveolar concentration of halothane and enflurane decreased in early pregnancy?### Assistant: The MAC of halothane and enflurane were reduced by a similar degree in pregnant women at 8 to 13 weeks gestation compared with nonpregnant women.

The MAC of halothane and enflurane were reduced by a similar degree in pregnant women at 8 to 13 weeks gestation .

Does the context of a study influence the reporting of symptoms?

A Danish study was conducted to assess the prevalence of non-specific symptoms related to the indoor climate at work and in dwellings . The researchers found that adjusting the results for several confounders mainly led to higher estimates of ORs . The report of work-relatedness differed considerably between the two study groups . The subjects reported more home-related symptoms if focus was on the environment at home, the researchers found . The study was published in the journal Nature, published online on October 10, 2013 .

The information about a study may play an important role in the reporting of symptoms.

yes

### Human: A Danish study was conducted to assess the prevalence of non-specific symptoms related to the indoor climate at work and in dwellings . The researchers found that adjusting the results for several confounders mainly led to higher estimates of ORs . The report of work-relatedness differed considerably between the two study groups . The subjects reported more home-related symptoms if focus was on the environment at home, the researchers found . The study was published in the journal Nature, published online on October 10, 2013 . Does the context of a study influence the reporting of symptoms?### Assistant: The information about a study may play an important role in the reporting of symptoms.

Information about a study may play an important role in reporting symptoms .

Does radiation therapy overcome adverse prognostic role of cyclooxygenase-2 expression on Reed-Sternberg cells in early Hodgkin lymphoma?

The expression of COX-2 defined a subgroup with significantly worse prognosis . Those who received RT had significantly better 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) Those who had RT had a modest, nonsignificant benefit from RT in terms of 5-years PFS . Those not receiving RT were found to have a modest benefit in the outcome of patients receiving RT considering the expression of . COX.-2(+) and COx-2(-) patients had different prognosis, but the difference between the 2 groups was important (25%)

Cyclooxygenase-2 RS cell expression is an adverse independent prognostic factor in early HL. Radiation therapy overcomes the worse prognosis associated with COX-2 expression on RS cells, acting in a chemotherapy-independent way. Cyclooxygenase-2 RS cell expression may be useful for determining patient candidates with early HL to receive consolidation with RT.

yes

### Human: The expression of COX-2 defined a subgroup with significantly worse prognosis . Those who received RT had significantly better 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) Those who had RT had a modest, nonsignificant benefit from RT in terms of 5-years PFS . Those not receiving RT were found to have a modest benefit in the outcome of patients receiving RT considering the expression of . COX.-2(+) and COx-2(-) patients had different prognosis, but the difference between the 2 groups was important (25%) Does radiation therapy overcome adverse prognostic role of cyclooxygenase-2 expression on Reed-Sternberg cells in early Hodgkin lymphoma?### Assistant: Cyclooxygenase-2 RS cell expression is an adverse independent prognostic factor in early HL. Radiation therapy overcomes the worse prognosis associated with COX-2 expression on RS cells, acting in a chemotherapy-independent way. Cyclooxygenase-2 RS cell expression may be useful for determining patient candidates with early HL to receive consolidation with RT.

Radiation therapy overcomes the worse prognosis associated with COX-2 expression on RS cells, acting in a chemotherapy-independent way .

Does circulating level of miR-378 predict left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with aortic stenosis?

MicroRNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) Few circulating miRs have been established as predictors of LVH in aortic stenosis patients . In this study, we aimed to investigate whether circulating levels of miR-1, mi-133, and mi-378 predict LVH . AS patients with LVH had significantly lower circulating levels than healthy controls . Lower miR378 was an independent predictor for LVH, logistic regression showed .

Circulating levels of miR-1, miR-133 and miR-378 were decreased in AS patients, and miR-378 predicts LVH independent of the pressure gradient. Further prospective investigations are needed to elucidate whether these circulating miRs affect clinical outcome.

yes

### Human: MicroRNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) Few circulating miRs have been established as predictors of LVH in aortic stenosis patients . In this study, we aimed to investigate whether circulating levels of miR-1, mi-133, and mi-378 predict LVH . AS patients with LVH had significantly lower circulating levels than healthy controls . Lower miR378 was an independent predictor for LVH, logistic regression showed . Does circulating level of miR-378 predict left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with aortic stenosis?### Assistant: Circulating levels of miR-1, miR-133 and miR-378 were decreased in AS patients, and miR-378 predicts LVH independent of the pressure gradient. Further prospective investigations are needed to elucidate whether these circulating miRs affect clinical outcome.

Circulating levels of miR-1, miR.-133 and miR-.378 were decreased in AS patients . miR.

Does early CPAP use identify subsequent adherence to CPAP therapy?

Study looked at relationship between factors such as sex and early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use and 30-day adherence to CPAP therapy . Admixture of CPAP use of greater than 4 hours per night measured 3 days following CPAP initiation was predictive of level of CPap adherence measured 30 days later . CPAP adherence was directly proportional to age (R = 0.25, P = .018) There were no sex-related differences in adherence to therapy . N/A.

Long-term adherence to CPAP therapy can be predicted as early as 3 days following CPAP initiation. The study also demonstrates that younger age and African-American race are independently associated with lower CPAP adherence.

yes

### Human: Study looked at relationship between factors such as sex and early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use and 30-day adherence to CPAP therapy . Admixture of CPAP use of greater than 4 hours per night measured 3 days following CPAP initiation was predictive of level of CPap adherence measured 30 days later . CPAP adherence was directly proportional to age (R = 0.25, P = .018) There were no sex-related differences in adherence to therapy . N/A. Does early CPAP use identify subsequent adherence to CPAP therapy?### Assistant: Long-term adherence to CPAP therapy can be predicted as early as 3 days following CPAP initiation. The study also demonstrates that younger age and African-American race are independently associated with lower CPAP adherence.

Long-term adherence to CPAP therapy can be predicted as early as 3 days following CPAP initiation . Younger age and African-American

Do bone metastases affect prognosis but not effectiveness of third-line targeted therapies in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Of the 233 patients with mRCC, 76 had bone metastases . Median OS was 10.4 months in patients with BMs and 17.4 in patients without metastases (p = 0.002) EV decreased the risk of death by 18% compared to SO, but this difference was not significant in patients . The major limitations of the study are its retrospective nature, the . lack of data about patients treated with bisphosphonates, and the lack of . data on patients treated .

The relative benefit of targeted therapies in mRCC is not affected by the presence of bone metastases, but patients without bone metastases have longer response to therapy and overall survival.

yes

### Human: Of the 233 patients with mRCC, 76 had bone metastases . Median OS was 10.4 months in patients with BMs and 17.4 in patients without metastases (p = 0.002) EV decreased the risk of death by 18% compared to SO, but this difference was not significant in patients . The major limitations of the study are its retrospective nature, the . lack of data about patients treated with bisphosphonates, and the lack of . data on patients treated . Do bone metastases affect prognosis but not effectiveness of third-line targeted therapies in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma?### Assistant: The relative benefit of targeted therapies in mRCC is not affected by the presence of bone metastases, but patients without bone metastases have longer response to therapy and overall survival.

The relative benefit of targeted therapies in mRCC is not affected by the presence of bone metastases . Patients without bone metastasies

Does rofecoxib exert no effect on platelet plug formation in healthy volunteers?

Rfecoxib has very high selectivity for cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) It is possible that higher doses of rofecxib may affect platelet function . This could be important if rofexoxib is given to thrombocytopenic patients . In these cases, moderate inhibition could precipitate bleeding complications . We set out to investigate the influence of the drug on platelet functions in healthy volunteers . Platelet function was assessed by a platelet . function analyzer (PFA-100)

Rofecoxib does not impair platelet function. Thus, rofecoxib appears to be a valuable analgetic and antipyretic agent in the therapy of patients at risk for bleeding.

yes

### Human: Rfecoxib has very high selectivity for cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) It is possible that higher doses of rofecxib may affect platelet function . This could be important if rofexoxib is given to thrombocytopenic patients . In these cases, moderate inhibition could precipitate bleeding complications . We set out to investigate the influence of the drug on platelet functions in healthy volunteers . Platelet function was assessed by a platelet . function analyzer (PFA-100) Does rofecoxib exert no effect on platelet plug formation in healthy volunteers?### Assistant: Rofecoxib does not impair platelet function. Thus, rofecoxib appears to be a valuable analgetic and antipyretic agent in the therapy of patients at risk for bleeding.

Rofecoxib does not impair platelet function . It appears to be a valuable analgetic and antipyretic agent in

Does depth of subserosal invasion predict long-term survival after resection in patients with T2 gallbladder carcinoma?

A retrospective analysis was conducted of 126 patients with pathologic stage T2 (pT2) gallbladder carcinoma . Depth of subserosal invasion was the strongest independent prognostic factor by univariate (P <.0001) and multivariate (relative risk, 9.27; P <.0000) analyses . Outcome after resection was significantly better in patients who had undergone radical second resection than in patients with inapparent T2 . Patients who had had cholecystectomy alone had better outcomes after radical resection .

Depth of subserosal invasion best predicts postresectional long-term survival of pT2 gallbladder carcinoma patients. Among patients with inapparent pT2 tumors, those with subserosal invasion >2 mm are good candidates for radical second resection.

yes

### Human: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 126 patients with pathologic stage T2 (pT2) gallbladder carcinoma . Depth of subserosal invasion was the strongest independent prognostic factor by univariate (P <.0001) and multivariate (relative risk, 9.27; P <.0000) analyses . Outcome after resection was significantly better in patients who had undergone radical second resection than in patients with inapparent T2 . Patients who had had cholecystectomy alone had better outcomes after radical resection . Does depth of subserosal invasion predict long-term survival after resection in patients with T2 gallbladder carcinoma?### Assistant: Depth of subserosal invasion best predicts postresectional long-term survival of pT2 gallbladder carcinoma patients. Among patients with inapparent pT2 tumors, those with subserosal invasion >2 mm are good candidates for radical second resection.

Depth of subserosal invasion best predicts postresectional long-term survival of pT2 gallbladder carcinoma patients . Those

Does ascl2 knockdown result in tumor growth arrest by miRNA-302b-related inhibition of colon cancer progenitor cells?

Achaete scute-like 2 (Ascl2) controls the fate of intestinal stem cells . The role of Ascl2 in colon cancer progenitor cells remains unknown . Downregulation of AsCl2 using RNA interference in cultured colonic adenocarcinoma HT-29 and LS174T cells reduced cellular proliferation, colony-forming ability, invasion and migration in vitro, and resulted in the growth arrest of tumor xenografts in vitro . The shRNA-ascl2/HT-29 cells had inhibited abilities to form tumorspheres compared with control .

Ascl2 may be a potential target for the inhibition of colon cancer progenitor cells, and functions through a miR-302b-related mechanism.

yes

### Human: Achaete scute-like 2 (Ascl2) controls the fate of intestinal stem cells . The role of Ascl2 in colon cancer progenitor cells remains unknown . Downregulation of AsCl2 using RNA interference in cultured colonic adenocarcinoma HT-29 and LS174T cells reduced cellular proliferation, colony-forming ability, invasion and migration in vitro, and resulted in the growth arrest of tumor xenografts in vitro . The shRNA-ascl2/HT-29 cells had inhibited abilities to form tumorspheres compared with control . Does ascl2 knockdown result in tumor growth arrest by miRNA-302b-related inhibition of colon cancer progenitor cells?### Assistant: Ascl2 may be a potential target for the inhibition of colon cancer progenitor cells, and functions through a miR-302b-related mechanism.

Ascl2 may be a potential target for the inhibition of colon cancer progenitor cells . It functions through a miR-302

Does cardiac surgery-specific screening tool identify preoperative undernutrition in cardiac surgery?

The predominant cause of undernutrition before cardiac operations is unknown . We explored the association of reduced food intake and inactivity with undernutrition in patients before elective cardiac operations . We assessed if adding these reversible, cause-based items to the nutritional screening process improved diagnostic accuracy . We developed a new tool and compared this with an existing cardiac surgery-specific tool . Sensitivity in identification of undernourished patients was considerably higher with the CSSUST (90%) than the CSSM (71%)

Results suggest that reduced food intake and inactivity partly explain undernutrition before cardiac operations. Our new cause-based CSSUST, which includes reduced food intake and inactivity, is superior to existing tools in identifying undernutrition in patients undergoing cardiac operations.

yes

### Human: The predominant cause of undernutrition before cardiac operations is unknown . We explored the association of reduced food intake and inactivity with undernutrition in patients before elective cardiac operations . We assessed if adding these reversible, cause-based items to the nutritional screening process improved diagnostic accuracy . We developed a new tool and compared this with an existing cardiac surgery-specific tool . Sensitivity in identification of undernourished patients was considerably higher with the CSSUST (90%) than the CSSM (71%) Does cardiac surgery-specific screening tool identify preoperative undernutrition in cardiac surgery?### Assistant: Results suggest that reduced food intake and inactivity partly explain undernutrition before cardiac operations. Our new cause-based CSSUST, which includes reduced food intake and inactivity, is superior to existing tools in identifying undernutrition in patients undergoing cardiac operations.

New cause-based CSSUST is superior to existing tools in identifying undernutrition .

Is porphyromonas gingivalis resistance to polymyxin B determined by the lipid A 4'-phosphatase , PGN_0524?

P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) is unusually resistant to the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B . We determined that the Tn4400' transposon was integrated into the gene encoding the lipid A 4'-phosphatase, PGN_0524 . The resulting mutant strain, designated 0524-Tn 4400', was highly sensitive to PMB killing relative to wild-type P.givalis, and exhibited the same sensitivity as the previously characterized strain, 0524KO .

The combined molecular evidence provided in this report suggests that PGN_0524, a lipid A 4'-phosphatase, is the sole genetic element conferring the ability of the periodontopathogen, P. gingivalis, to evade the killing activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as PMB. These data strongly implicate PGN_0524 as a critical virulence factor for the ability of P. gingivalis to evade front-line host innate defenses that are dependent upon cationic antimicrobial peptide activity and TLR 4 sensing.

yes

### Human: P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) is unusually resistant to the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B . We determined that the Tn4400' transposon was integrated into the gene encoding the lipid A 4'-phosphatase, PGN_0524 . The resulting mutant strain, designated 0524-Tn 4400', was highly sensitive to PMB killing relative to wild-type P.givalis, and exhibited the same sensitivity as the previously characterized strain, 0524KO . Is porphyromonas gingivalis resistance to polymyxin B determined by the lipid A 4'-phosphatase , PGN_0524?### Assistant: The combined molecular evidence provided in this report suggests that PGN_0524, a lipid A 4'-phosphatase, is the sole genetic element conferring the ability of the periodontopathogen, P. gingivalis, to evade the killing activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as PMB. These data strongly implicate PGN_0524 as a critical virulence factor for the ability of P. gingivalis to evade front-line host innate defenses that are dependent upon cationic antimicrobial peptide activity and TLR 4 sensing.

PGN_0524, a lipid A 4'-phosphatase, is the sole genetic element conferring the ability of the

Does tyrosine-mutant AAV8 delivery of human MERTK provide long-term retinal preservation in RCS rats?

Previous research utilizing Mertk gene replacement therapy in RCS rats provided proof of concept for treatment of recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) However, the beneficial effects on retinal function were transient . In the present study, we evaluated whether delivery of a MERTK transgene using a tyrosine-mutant AAV8 capsid could lead to more robust and longer-term therapeutic outcomes than previously reported . Rescue of RPE phagocytosis, prevention of retinal vasculature degeneration, and inhibition of Müller cell activation were demonstrated in the treated eyes for at least 8 months .

This research describes a longer and much more robust functional and morphological rescue than previous studies. We also demonstrate for the first time that an AAV8 mutant capsid serotype vector has a substantial therapeutic potential for RPE-specific gene delivery. These results suggest that tyrosine-mutant AAV8 vectors hold promise for the treatment of individuals with MERTK-associated RP.

yes

### Human: Previous research utilizing Mertk gene replacement therapy in RCS rats provided proof of concept for treatment of recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) However, the beneficial effects on retinal function were transient . In the present study, we evaluated whether delivery of a MERTK transgene using a tyrosine-mutant AAV8 capsid could lead to more robust and longer-term therapeutic outcomes than previously reported . Rescue of RPE phagocytosis, prevention of retinal vasculature degeneration, and inhibition of Müller cell activation were demonstrated in the treated eyes for at least 8 months . Does tyrosine-mutant AAV8 delivery of human MERTK provide long-term retinal preservation in RCS rats?### Assistant: This research describes a longer and much more robust functional and morphological rescue than previous studies. We also demonstrate for the first time that an AAV8 mutant capsid serotype vector has a substantial therapeutic potential for RPE-specific gene delivery. These results suggest that tyrosine-mutant AAV8 vectors hold promise for the treatment of individuals with MERTK-associated RP.

AAV8 mutant capsid serotype vector has a substantial therapeutic potential for RPE-specific gene delivery . These results suggest that ty

Do two bee-pollinated plant species show higher seed production when grown in gardens compared to arable farmland?

The pollination success of experimental plants of Glechoma hederacea L. and Lotus corniculatus L. grew in gardens and arable farmland . Pollination success increased when growing in floriferous environment, study finds . The study was published in the journal The International Journal of Agriculture and The International Ecological Society of the Netherlands, published in October 2013, published by the Netherlands Institute for Agriculture and the Netherlands. The authors conclude that land management affects pollinator numbers and that it also affects pollination of plants growing in these habitats .

The results show that pollination services can limit fruit set of wild plants in arable farmland, but there is some evidence that the presence of a flowering crop can facilitate their pollination (depending on species and season). We have also demonstrated that gardens are not only beneficial to pollinators, but also to the process of pollination.

yes

### Human: The pollination success of experimental plants of Glechoma hederacea L. and Lotus corniculatus L. grew in gardens and arable farmland . Pollination success increased when growing in floriferous environment, study finds . The study was published in the journal The International Journal of Agriculture and The International Ecological Society of the Netherlands, published in October 2013, published by the Netherlands Institute for Agriculture and the Netherlands. The authors conclude that land management affects pollinator numbers and that it also affects pollination of plants growing in these habitats . Do two bee-pollinated plant species show higher seed production when grown in gardens compared to arable farmland?### Assistant: The results show that pollination services can limit fruit set of wild plants in arable farmland, but there is some evidence that the presence of a flowering crop can facilitate their pollination (depending on species and season). We have also demonstrated that gardens are not only beneficial to pollinators, but also to the process of pollination.

The results show that pollination services can limit fruit set of wild plants in arable farmland . The presence of a flowering crop can facilitate

Is forkhead box A1 expression in breast cancer associated with luminal subtype and good prognosis?

FOXA1 (FOXA1) is a forkhead family transcription factor expressed in breast cancer cells . It is essential for optimal expression of approximately 50% of oestrogen receptor (ER)-related genes . Study explored relationship with luminal and basal breast cancer subtypes, proliferation markers, and survival in patients who had received similar treatment . It correlated positively with ERalpha, progesterone receptor, and luminal subtype (p<0.0001) and luminals subtype .

Based on this study in patients treated with surgery followed by adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy, FOXA1 expression is associated with good prognosis. It correlates with luminal subtype breast cancer, and could possibly serve as a clinical marker for luminal subtype A. Prognostic ability of FOXA1 in these low-risk breast cancers may prove to be useful in treatment decision making.

yes

### Human: FOXA1 (FOXA1) is a forkhead family transcription factor expressed in breast cancer cells . It is essential for optimal expression of approximately 50% of oestrogen receptor (ER)-related genes . Study explored relationship with luminal and basal breast cancer subtypes, proliferation markers, and survival in patients who had received similar treatment . It correlated positively with ERalpha, progesterone receptor, and luminal subtype (p<0.0001) and luminals subtype . Is forkhead box A1 expression in breast cancer associated with luminal subtype and good prognosis?### Assistant: Based on this study in patients treated with surgery followed by adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy, FOXA1 expression is associated with good prognosis. It correlates with luminal subtype breast cancer, and could possibly serve as a clinical marker for luminal subtype A. Prognostic ability of FOXA1 in these low-risk breast cancers may prove to be useful in treatment decision making.

FOXA1 expression is associated with good prognosis . It correlates with luminal subtype breast cancer, and could possibly serve as a

Does tacrolimus inhibit cytokine production and chemical mediator release following antigen stimulation of passively sensitized human lung tissues?

The role of tacrolimus on cytokine production and release of chemical mediators in asthma is not known at present . We compared the effects of Tacrolims on interleukin (IL)-5 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and chemical mediator release from excised human lung tissue with those of steroids . The role is mediated by inhibition of inflammatory cells by blocking the production of cytokine by inflammatory cells . The results of tryptase staining demonstrated that tacrolulimus dose-dependently inhibited degranulation of mast cells .

Our results indicated that tacrolimus is more powerful in inhibition of cytokine production and release of chemical mediators than steroids, and suggested that this immunosuppressor drug might be useful for the treatment of asthma.

yes

### Human: The role of tacrolimus on cytokine production and release of chemical mediators in asthma is not known at present . We compared the effects of Tacrolims on interleukin (IL)-5 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and chemical mediator release from excised human lung tissue with those of steroids . The role is mediated by inhibition of inflammatory cells by blocking the production of cytokine by inflammatory cells . The results of tryptase staining demonstrated that tacrolulimus dose-dependently inhibited degranulation of mast cells . Does tacrolimus inhibit cytokine production and chemical mediator release following antigen stimulation of passively sensitized human lung tissues?### Assistant: Our results indicated that tacrolimus is more powerful in inhibition of cytokine production and release of chemical mediators than steroids, and suggested that this immunosuppressor drug might be useful for the treatment of asthma.

Tacrolimus is more powerful in inhibition of cytokine production and release of chemical mediators than steroids . This immunosuppressor

Is psychological distress associated with tobacco smoking and quitting behaviour in the Australian population : evidence from national cross-sectional surveys?

Current smokers with psychological distress were just as likely to report planning to quit as those without psychological distress . Ex-smokers were also more likely to experience psychological distress than those who never smoked, but the association weakened with more years since quitting . Smokers who did not plan to quit due to addiction, past failure at quitting, and using smoking for relaxation or to deal with stress were more likely than those without these reasons . The study was conducted in two large Australian national household surveys of individuals over 20 years of age .

Current smoking and unsuccessful quit attempts in the Australian community were strongly associated with symptoms of psychological distress. Quitting aspirations and influence from general public health interventions were not associated with the smokers' level of psychological distress.

yes

### Human: Current smokers with psychological distress were just as likely to report planning to quit as those without psychological distress . Ex-smokers were also more likely to experience psychological distress than those who never smoked, but the association weakened with more years since quitting . Smokers who did not plan to quit due to addiction, past failure at quitting, and using smoking for relaxation or to deal with stress were more likely than those without these reasons . The study was conducted in two large Australian national household surveys of individuals over 20 years of age . Is psychological distress associated with tobacco smoking and quitting behaviour in the Australian population : evidence from national cross-sectional surveys?### Assistant: Current smoking and unsuccessful quit attempts in the Australian community were strongly associated with symptoms of psychological distress. Quitting aspirations and influence from general public health interventions were not associated with the smokers' level of psychological distress.

Current smoking and unsuccessful quit attempts strongly associated with symptoms of psychological distress . Quitting aspirations and influence from general public health interventions were not associated

Does aberrant gene expression in mucosa adjacent to tumor reveal a molecular crosstalk in colon cancer?

A tumor influence in the environment could both promote an anti-tumor or a pro-toma response . A functional analysis of genes activated in adjacent mucosa from CRC patients, not activated in mucosa . A crosstalk between proteins secreted by the tumor and receptors activated in the adjacent colon tissue . Slit family of proteins activated ROBO receptors in tumor . Slitt family of . proteins activated . ROBO . receptors in . tumor whereas tumor-secreted proteins transduced a cellular signal finally activating AP-1 in adjacent tissue .

The systems-level approach provides new insights into the micro-ecology of colorectal tumorogenesis. Disrupting this intricate molecular network of cell-cell communication and pro-inflammatory microenvironment could be a therapeutic target in CRC patients.

yes

### Human: A tumor influence in the environment could both promote an anti-tumor or a pro-toma response . A functional analysis of genes activated in adjacent mucosa from CRC patients, not activated in mucosa . A crosstalk between proteins secreted by the tumor and receptors activated in the adjacent colon tissue . Slit family of proteins activated ROBO receptors in tumor . Slitt family of . proteins activated . ROBO . receptors in . tumor whereas tumor-secreted proteins transduced a cellular signal finally activating AP-1 in adjacent tissue . Does aberrant gene expression in mucosa adjacent to tumor reveal a molecular crosstalk in colon cancer?### Assistant: The systems-level approach provides new insights into the micro-ecology of colorectal tumorogenesis. Disrupting this intricate molecular network of cell-cell communication and pro-inflammatory microenvironment could be a therapeutic target in CRC patients.

The systems-level approach provides new insights into the micro-ecology of colorectal tumorogenesis . Disrupting this intricate

Does characteristics and correlate of Word Use in Physician-Patient Communication?

Growing evidence reveals the predictive power and importance of precise linguistic characteristics of communication . This study aims to document characteristics, predictors, and correlates of word use within specific linguistic categories by physicians and patients during a healthcare visit . Patients liked their physician more when physicians used fewer negative emotion words and were less adherent when they used more singular first-person pronouns . Demographic characteristics and health status predicted variability in patients' and physicians' word use, and word use predicted key visit outcomes . Most notably, patients liked their physicians more .

These findings reveal patterns in the way physicians speak to patients who vary in their demographic characteristics and health status and point to potentially fruitful targets for linguistic interventions with both physicians and patients.

yes

### Human: Growing evidence reveals the predictive power and importance of precise linguistic characteristics of communication . This study aims to document characteristics, predictors, and correlates of word use within specific linguistic categories by physicians and patients during a healthcare visit . Patients liked their physician more when physicians used fewer negative emotion words and were less adherent when they used more singular first-person pronouns . Demographic characteristics and health status predicted variability in patients' and physicians' word use, and word use predicted key visit outcomes . Most notably, patients liked their physicians more . Does characteristics and correlate of Word Use in Physician-Patient Communication?### Assistant: These findings reveal patterns in the way physicians speak to patients who vary in their demographic characteristics and health status and point to potentially fruitful targets for linguistic interventions with both physicians and patients.

These findings reveal patterns in the way physicians speak to patients who vary in their demographic characteristics and health status . They point to potentially fruitful targets

Does increased Syk phosphorylation lead to overexpression of TRAF6 in peripheral B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?

Syk and TRAF6 are key signaling molecules in B-cell activation through BCR and CD40/TLR . Syk phosphorylation and expression of Syk were noted in B cells from SLE patients compared with healthy donors . Levels of TRAf6 expression were more pronounced in CD27+ memory B cells than in CD-27-naïve B cells . In vitro treatment of SLE B cells with a Syk inhibitor (BAY61-3606) reduced Syk .

Our results suggest that the activated Syk-mediated TRAF6 pathway leads to aberrant activation of B cells in SLE, and also highlight Syk as a potential target for B-cell-mediated processes in SLE.

yes

### Human: Syk and TRAF6 are key signaling molecules in B-cell activation through BCR and CD40/TLR . Syk phosphorylation and expression of Syk were noted in B cells from SLE patients compared with healthy donors . Levels of TRAf6 expression were more pronounced in CD27+ memory B cells than in CD-27-naïve B cells . In vitro treatment of SLE B cells with a Syk inhibitor (BAY61-3606) reduced Syk . Does increased Syk phosphorylation lead to overexpression of TRAF6 in peripheral B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?### Assistant: Our results suggest that the activated Syk-mediated TRAF6 pathway leads to aberrant activation of B cells in SLE, and also highlight Syk as a potential target for B-cell-mediated processes in SLE.

Syk-mediated TRAF6 pathway leads to aberrant activation of B cells in SLE . Syk is a potential target for

Does lower-limb risk factors for fall in people with diabetes mellitus?

Older people with diabetes mellitus may be at high risk of falling because of general risk factors for falls as well as disease-specific factors . Compared with 'non-fallers', there was a greater incidence of peripheral neuropathy among 'fallers' (86% of 'faller' and 56% of non-faller) There was a strong correlation between dorsiflexion muscle strength and gait velocity . Logistic regression analysis determined that walking velocity, strength of ankle dorsifflexors and NSS accurately predicted 75% of fallers .

Simple clinical measures of gait velocity and ankle muscle strength may be used to identify people with DM at risk of falling, allowing preventative strategies to be implemented.

yes

### Human: Older people with diabetes mellitus may be at high risk of falling because of general risk factors for falls as well as disease-specific factors . Compared with 'non-fallers', there was a greater incidence of peripheral neuropathy among 'fallers' (86% of 'faller' and 56% of non-faller) There was a strong correlation between dorsiflexion muscle strength and gait velocity . Logistic regression analysis determined that walking velocity, strength of ankle dorsifflexors and NSS accurately predicted 75% of fallers . Does lower-limb risk factors for fall in people with diabetes mellitus?### Assistant: Simple clinical measures of gait velocity and ankle muscle strength may be used to identify people with DM at risk of falling, allowing preventative strategies to be implemented.

Clinical measures of gait velocity and ankle muscle strength may be used to identify people with DM at risk of falling .

Is impaired hemodynamic response to mental stress in subjects with prehypertension improved after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise?

High blood pressure during mental stress in subjects with prehypertension is associated with blunted vasodilation in skeletal muscles . This might be improved by an acute bout of exercise . After the exercise bout, mean blood pressure was lower in subjects . After exercise, vascular conductance increased in those subjects with higher blood pressure . Study was conducted to investigate the hemodynamic responses to mental stress before and after a bout of . exercise in subjects who had prehyperension and with normotension .

Subjects with prehypertension had elevated blood pressure and a blunted vasodilator response during mental stress, but their blood pressure was attenuated and their vasodilator response was normalized after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise.

yes

### Human: High blood pressure during mental stress in subjects with prehypertension is associated with blunted vasodilation in skeletal muscles . This might be improved by an acute bout of exercise . After the exercise bout, mean blood pressure was lower in subjects . After exercise, vascular conductance increased in those subjects with higher blood pressure . Study was conducted to investigate the hemodynamic responses to mental stress before and after a bout of . exercise in subjects who had prehyperension and with normotension . Is impaired hemodynamic response to mental stress in subjects with prehypertension improved after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise?### Assistant: Subjects with prehypertension had elevated blood pressure and a blunted vasodilator response during mental stress, but their blood pressure was attenuated and their vasodilator response was normalized after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise.

Subjects with prehypertension had elevated blood pressure and blunted vasodilator response during mental stress . Their blood pressure was

Does protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 modulate NOD2-induced cytokine release and autophagy?

MDP-treatment induced PTPN22 expression and activity in human and mouse cells . Knockdown of PTPn22 enhanced MDP activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-isoforms p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase as well as canonical NF-κB signaling molecules in THP-1 cells and BMDC derived from knockout mice or wild-type animals . Loss of PNPN22 resulted in increased, MDP mediated autophagy in humans and mice .

Our data demonstrate that PTPN22 controls NOD2 signaling, and loss of PTPN22 renders monocytes more reactive towards bacterial products, what might explain the association of PTPN22 variants with IBD pathogenesis.

yes

### Human: MDP-treatment induced PTPN22 expression and activity in human and mouse cells . Knockdown of PTPn22 enhanced MDP activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-isoforms p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase as well as canonical NF-κB signaling molecules in THP-1 cells and BMDC derived from knockout mice or wild-type animals . Loss of PNPN22 resulted in increased, MDP mediated autophagy in humans and mice . Does protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 modulate NOD2-induced cytokine release and autophagy?### Assistant: Our data demonstrate that PTPN22 controls NOD2 signaling, and loss of PTPN22 renders monocytes more reactive towards bacterial products, what might explain the association of PTPN22 variants with IBD pathogenesis.

PTPN22 controls NOD2 signaling, and monocytes are more reactive towards bacterial products . This might explain the association of P

Does betaine recover hypothalamic neural injury by inhibiting astrogliosis and inflammation in fructose-fed rats?

Betaine suppressed TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation and HDAC3 expression, contributing to its inhibition of hypothalamic astrogliosis and inflammation in animal and cell models . The reduction of pro-opiomelanocortin and melanocortins in fructose-fed rats was ameliorated by betaine . Betaine also suppressed TLRs4/ NF-KNF-KFFB pathway activated and HDac3 expression . Betain improved the development of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats .

These findings suggest that betaine inhibits fructose-caused astrogliosis and inflammation by the suppression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation and HDAC3 expression to protect against hypothalamic neural injury, which, at least partly, contributes to the improvement of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.

yes

### Human: Betaine suppressed TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation and HDAC3 expression, contributing to its inhibition of hypothalamic astrogliosis and inflammation in animal and cell models . The reduction of pro-opiomelanocortin and melanocortins in fructose-fed rats was ameliorated by betaine . Betaine also suppressed TLRs4/ NF-KNF-KFFB pathway activated and HDac3 expression . Betain improved the development of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats . Does betaine recover hypothalamic neural injury by inhibiting astrogliosis and inflammation in fructose-fed rats?### Assistant: These findings suggest that betaine inhibits fructose-caused astrogliosis and inflammation by the suppression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation and HDAC3 expression to protect against hypothalamic neural injury, which, at least partly, contributes to the improvement of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.

Betaine inhibits fructose-caused astrogliosis and inflammation by the suppression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation

Are measures of self-efficacy and norms for low-fat milk consumption reliable and related to beverage consumption among 5th graders at school lunch?

Texas middle school students completed lunch food records and a psychosocial questionnaire measuring self-efficacy and norms for school lunch low-fat milk consumption . Test-retest reliability was assessed in participants who also completed the questionnaire in the spring semester (n = 262) Milk self-efficiency and norms were positively correlated with milk consumption and negatively correlated with consumption of sweetened beverages . Bivariate correlations measured construct validity of the scales . The study was conducted at one middle school in southeast Texas . The results were published in the Journal of Pediatrics .

These questionnaires can be used in similar interventions to measure the impact of self-efficacy and norms for drinking low-fat milk during school lunch.

yes

### Human: Texas middle school students completed lunch food records and a psychosocial questionnaire measuring self-efficacy and norms for school lunch low-fat milk consumption . Test-retest reliability was assessed in participants who also completed the questionnaire in the spring semester (n = 262) Milk self-efficiency and norms were positively correlated with milk consumption and negatively correlated with consumption of sweetened beverages . Bivariate correlations measured construct validity of the scales . The study was conducted at one middle school in southeast Texas . The results were published in the Journal of Pediatrics . Are measures of self-efficacy and norms for low-fat milk consumption reliable and related to beverage consumption among 5th graders at school lunch?### Assistant: These questionnaires can be used in similar interventions to measure the impact of self-efficacy and norms for drinking low-fat milk during school lunch.

Questionnaires can be used in similar interventions to measure the impact of self-efficacy and norms for drinking low-fat milk during school

Is poor decision making a consequence of cognitive decline among older persons without Alzheimer 's disease or mild cognitive impairment?

Increasing evidence suggests that older adults, even those without dementia, often make poor decisions and are selectively vulnerable to scams . To date, the factors associated with poor decision making in old age are unknown . The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that poor decision-making is a consequence of cognitive decline among older persons without Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment . More rapid cognitive decline predicted poorer decision making and increased susceptibility to scams (p's<0.001) among 420 persons without dementia .

Poor decision making is a consequence of cognitive decline among older persons without Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment, those widely considered "cognitively healthy." These findings suggest that even very subtle age-related changes in cognition have detrimental effects on judgment.

yes

### Human: Increasing evidence suggests that older adults, even those without dementia, often make poor decisions and are selectively vulnerable to scams . To date, the factors associated with poor decision making in old age are unknown . The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that poor decision-making is a consequence of cognitive decline among older persons without Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment . More rapid cognitive decline predicted poorer decision making and increased susceptibility to scams (p's<0.001) among 420 persons without dementia . Is poor decision making a consequence of cognitive decline among older persons without Alzheimer 's disease or mild cognitive impairment?### Assistant: Poor decision making is a consequence of cognitive decline among older persons without Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment, those widely considered "cognitively healthy." These findings suggest that even very subtle age-related changes in cognition have detrimental effects on judgment.

Poor decision making is a consequence of cognitive decline among older persons without Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment . These findings suggest that even subtle

Is preoperative Hypoalgesia after Cold Pressor Test and Aerobic Exercise Associated with Pain Relief Six Months after Total Knee Replacement?

Preoperative impaired conditioning pain modulation (CPM) has been used to predict chronic postoperative pain . Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) and CPM on post-TKR pain relief was studied . The study looked at the effects of exercise and exercise on pain sensitivity of patients with knee osteoarthritis after total knee replacement (TKR) The study found that the CPM and bicycling EIH responses after TKR were significantly correlated with reduction in pain relief .

In knee osteoarthritis patients, hypoalgesia after cold pressor stimulation and aerobic exercise assessed preoperatively by cuff algometry was associated with pain relief six months after TKR. EIH as a novel preoperative screening tool should be further investigated in larger studies.

yes

### Human: Preoperative impaired conditioning pain modulation (CPM) has been used to predict chronic postoperative pain . Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) and CPM on post-TKR pain relief was studied . The study looked at the effects of exercise and exercise on pain sensitivity of patients with knee osteoarthritis after total knee replacement (TKR) The study found that the CPM and bicycling EIH responses after TKR were significantly correlated with reduction in pain relief . Is preoperative Hypoalgesia after Cold Pressor Test and Aerobic Exercise Associated with Pain Relief Six Months after Total Knee Replacement?### Assistant: In knee osteoarthritis patients, hypoalgesia after cold pressor stimulation and aerobic exercise assessed preoperatively by cuff algometry was associated with pain relief six months after TKR. EIH as a novel preoperative screening tool should be further investigated in larger studies.

In knee osteoarthritis patients, hypoalgesia after cold pressor stimulation and aerobic exercise assessed preoperatively by cuff

Is stress sensitivity of childhood epilepsy related to experienced negative life events?

Parents or caregivers of 153 children with epilepsy (aged 2-16 years) sent questionnaires on developmental and epilepsy characteristics, life-time stress exposure, and the effect of stressful periods and moments of acute stress on seizure frequency in their child . Thirty-nine percent reported an increase in seizure frequency during periods of stress, with a median increase of 2.5 times the frequency compared to nonstressful periods . A higher number of negative life events experienced in total life was related to an increase .

Stress sensitivity is reported in half of the children with epilepsy. Results of this study suggest a relation between experienced negative life events and stress sensitivity of childhood epilepsy. One possible explanation could be that experiencing negative life events may cause a larger response to daily stressors, thereby increasing the likelihood to induce epileptic activity.

yes

### Human: Parents or caregivers of 153 children with epilepsy (aged 2-16 years) sent questionnaires on developmental and epilepsy characteristics, life-time stress exposure, and the effect of stressful periods and moments of acute stress on seizure frequency in their child . Thirty-nine percent reported an increase in seizure frequency during periods of stress, with a median increase of 2.5 times the frequency compared to nonstressful periods . A higher number of negative life events experienced in total life was related to an increase . Is stress sensitivity of childhood epilepsy related to experienced negative life events?### Assistant: Stress sensitivity is reported in half of the children with epilepsy. Results of this study suggest a relation between experienced negative life events and stress sensitivity of childhood epilepsy. One possible explanation could be that experiencing negative life events may cause a larger response to daily stressors, thereby increasing the likelihood to induce epileptic activity.

Half of children with epilepsy report stress sensitivity in half of them . One possible explanation could be that negative life events may cause a larger response

Do rET genotypes comprising specific haplotypes of polymorphic variants predispose to isolated Hirschsprung disease?

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) occurs in 1:5000 live births and presents with functional intestinal obstruction secondary to aganglionosis of the hindgut . Germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are believed to account for up to 50% of familial cases and up to 30% of isolated cases in most series . Recent studies have noted that specific sequence variants, notably A45A (exon 2), are over-represented in isolated HSCR .

Our data suggest that genotypes comprising specific pairs of RET haplotypes are associated with predisposition to HSCR either in a simple autosomal recessive manner or in an additive, dose dependent fashion.

yes

### Human: Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) occurs in 1:5000 live births and presents with functional intestinal obstruction secondary to aganglionosis of the hindgut . Germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are believed to account for up to 50% of familial cases and up to 30% of isolated cases in most series . Recent studies have noted that specific sequence variants, notably A45A (exon 2), are over-represented in isolated HSCR . Do rET genotypes comprising specific haplotypes of polymorphic variants predispose to isolated Hirschsprung disease?### Assistant: Our data suggest that genotypes comprising specific pairs of RET haplotypes are associated with predisposition to HSCR either in a simple autosomal recessive manner or in an additive, dose dependent fashion.

Genotypes comprising specific pairs of RET haplotypes are associated with predisposition to HSCR either in a simple autosomal recessive manner

Does combined oral administration of bovine collagen peptides with calcium citrate inhibit bone loss in ovariectomized rats?

Collagen peptides (CPs) and calcium citrate are commonly used as bone health supplements for treating osteoporosis . OVX rats supplemented with CPs or CP-calcium citrate showed osteoprotective effects, with reductions in the OVx-induced decreases in their femoral bone mineral density . CP-Calcium citrates prevented trabecular bone loss, improved the microarchitecture of the distal femur, and significantly inhibited bone loss .

Our data indicate that combined oral administration of bovine CPs with calcium citrate inhibits bone loss in OVX rats. The present findings suggest that combined oral administration of bovine CPs with calcium citrate is a promising alternative for reducing bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women.

yes

### Human: Collagen peptides (CPs) and calcium citrate are commonly used as bone health supplements for treating osteoporosis . OVX rats supplemented with CPs or CP-calcium citrate showed osteoprotective effects, with reductions in the OVx-induced decreases in their femoral bone mineral density . CP-Calcium citrates prevented trabecular bone loss, improved the microarchitecture of the distal femur, and significantly inhibited bone loss . Does combined oral administration of bovine collagen peptides with calcium citrate inhibit bone loss in ovariectomized rats?### Assistant: Our data indicate that combined oral administration of bovine CPs with calcium citrate inhibits bone loss in OVX rats. The present findings suggest that combined oral administration of bovine CPs with calcium citrate is a promising alternative for reducing bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women.

Combined oral administration of bovine CPs with calcium citrate is a promising alternative for reducing bone loss in osteopenic postmen

Is human albumin synthesis increased by an ultra-endurance trial?

The albumin synthetic rate was measured in six young men, 3 d before (C) and on the 1st (R1) and 8th (R8) days of the recovery from an ultra-endurance trial . Albumin fractional (FSR) and absolute (ASR) synthetic rate were determined using a primed-constant infusion of [1(-13) C] leucine . Plasma albumin and protein masses increased (P<or= 0.05) from 1.92 +/- 0.08 to 2.22 +/-0.14 g.kg body weight (-1)

The increase in the albumin synthetic rate the day after an ultra-endurance trial is a major event associated with a greater circulating protein mass. The impact of exercise on albumin synthesis has disappeared 8 d later, as did PV and total protein mass expansion.

yes

### Human: The albumin synthetic rate was measured in six young men, 3 d before (C) and on the 1st (R1) and 8th (R8) days of the recovery from an ultra-endurance trial . Albumin fractional (FSR) and absolute (ASR) synthetic rate were determined using a primed-constant infusion of [1(-13) C] leucine . Plasma albumin and protein masses increased (P<or= 0.05) from 1.92 +/- 0.08 to 2.22 +/-0.14 g.kg body weight (-1) Is human albumin synthesis increased by an ultra-endurance trial?### Assistant: The increase in the albumin synthetic rate the day after an ultra-endurance trial is a major event associated with a greater circulating protein mass. The impact of exercise on albumin synthesis has disappeared 8 d later, as did PV and total protein mass expansion.

The day after an ultra-endurance trial is a major event associated with a greater circulating protein mass . The impact of exercise on album

Does targeting tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 assembly reverse Th17-mediated colitis through boosting a Th2 response?

The soluble preligand assembly domain (PLAD) of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) interferes with receptor trimerisation to block downstream signalling, and mediates Th17 suppression . We explored the therapeutic potential of recombinant PLAD.Fc protein on a spontaneous experimental colitis . The colitogenic phenotype in BLIMP-1 knockout mice was alleviated when an interleukin (IL)-23 knockdown transgene was introduced .

The Th2 cytokine milieu induced by PLAD.Fc rebalanced T-helper cell subsets and conferred a protection against colitis in BLIMP-1 knockout mice.

yes

### Human: The soluble preligand assembly domain (PLAD) of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) interferes with receptor trimerisation to block downstream signalling, and mediates Th17 suppression . We explored the therapeutic potential of recombinant PLAD.Fc protein on a spontaneous experimental colitis . The colitogenic phenotype in BLIMP-1 knockout mice was alleviated when an interleukin (IL)-23 knockdown transgene was introduced . Does targeting tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 assembly reverse Th17-mediated colitis through boosting a Th2 response?### Assistant: The Th2 cytokine milieu induced by PLAD.Fc rebalanced T-helper cell subsets and conferred a protection against colitis in BLIMP-1 knockout mice.

PLAD.Fc rebalanced T-helper cell subsets and conferred a protection against colitis in BLIMP-

Does postischemic application of lipid peroxidation inhibitor U-101033E reduce neuronal damage after global cerebral ischemia in rats?

The lipid peroxidation inhibitor U-101033E was examined for effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cortical tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (HbSo2) Neuronal counts in the superficial cortex layer found after 7 days correlated negatively with CBF or cortical tissue HbS2 . U-102E reduced neuronal damage in hippocampal CA1 from 64.3 +/- 9.2% to 31.2 +/- 8.4% (P = 0.020), as well as in superficial cortical layer .

Postischemic application of U-101033E protects hippocampal CA1 and cortical neurons after 15 minutes of global cerebral ischemia. The results indicate that free radical-induced lipid peroxidation contributes to reperfusion injury, a process that can be inhibited by antioxidants such as U-101033E.

yes

### Human: The lipid peroxidation inhibitor U-101033E was examined for effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cortical tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (HbSo2) Neuronal counts in the superficial cortex layer found after 7 days correlated negatively with CBF or cortical tissue HbS2 . U-102E reduced neuronal damage in hippocampal CA1 from 64.3 +/- 9.2% to 31.2 +/- 8.4% (P = 0.020), as well as in superficial cortical layer . Does postischemic application of lipid peroxidation inhibitor U-101033E reduce neuronal damage after global cerebral ischemia in rats?### Assistant: Postischemic application of U-101033E protects hippocampal CA1 and cortical neurons after 15 minutes of global cerebral ischemia. The results indicate that free radical-induced lipid peroxidation contributes to reperfusion injury, a process that can be inhibited by antioxidants such as U-101033E.

Postischemic application of U-101033E protects hippocampal CA1 and cortical neurons after 15 minutes of global cerebral ischem

Do quantitative three-dimensional assessment of port-wine stain clearance after laser treatments?

Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging has been applied in several medical disciplines to quantify surface changes, with promising results . We hypothesized that 3D surface imaging could be used to objectively measure changes in area and volume of port-wine stains following laser treatment . We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients with port-weds treated over a 20-month time period . Area and volume were measured using 3dMD photogrammetric software (3dMD, Atlanta, GA) before and after laser treatments .

Three-dimensional photography demonstrated area and volume changes in patients with port-wine stains after laser treatments. Future studies to determine if statistically significant changes correlate with clinically appreciable changes are warranted.

yes

### Human: Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging has been applied in several medical disciplines to quantify surface changes, with promising results . We hypothesized that 3D surface imaging could be used to objectively measure changes in area and volume of port-wine stains following laser treatment . We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients with port-weds treated over a 20-month time period . Area and volume were measured using 3dMD photogrammetric software (3dMD, Atlanta, GA) before and after laser treatments . Do quantitative three-dimensional assessment of port-wine stain clearance after laser treatments?### Assistant: Three-dimensional photography demonstrated area and volume changes in patients with port-wine stains after laser treatments. Future studies to determine if statistically significant changes correlate with clinically appreciable changes are warranted.

Three-dimensional photography demonstrated area and volume changes in patients with port-wine stains after laser treatments . Future studies to determine if statistically significant

Is leukotriene B4 receptor 1 differentially expressed on peripheral T cells of steroid-sensitive and -resistant asthmatics?

Numbers of CD8(+) T cells expressing the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor, BLT1, have been correlated with asthma severity . The number of BLT-expressing cells was larger in patients with asthma than in controls and larger on activated CD8/+ T cells . Expansion of activated CD4(+) T cells was significantly decreased in the presence of corticosteroid . In patients with SS asthma, the number of . BLT . T cells were lower in those with SR asthma in whom cell expansion was maintained .

Differences in BLT1 expression, steroid sensitivity, and cytokine production were demonstrated in T lymphocytes from patients with SS and SR asthma. The LTB4-BLT1 pathway in CD8(+) cells may play an important role in asthma and serve as an important target in the treatment of patients with SR asthma.

yes

### Human: Numbers of CD8(+) T cells expressing the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor, BLT1, have been correlated with asthma severity . The number of BLT-expressing cells was larger in patients with asthma than in controls and larger on activated CD8/+ T cells . Expansion of activated CD4(+) T cells was significantly decreased in the presence of corticosteroid . In patients with SS asthma, the number of . BLT . T cells were lower in those with SR asthma in whom cell expansion was maintained . Is leukotriene B4 receptor 1 differentially expressed on peripheral T cells of steroid-sensitive and -resistant asthmatics?### Assistant: Differences in BLT1 expression, steroid sensitivity, and cytokine production were demonstrated in T lymphocytes from patients with SS and SR asthma. The LTB4-BLT1 pathway in CD8(+) cells may play an important role in asthma and serve as an important target in the treatment of patients with SR asthma.

The LTB4-BLT1 pathway in CD8(+) cells may play an important role in asthma and serve as an important

Are gender differences in quality of life minimal in patients with heart failure?

Quality of life differs in men and women with heart failure, especially in the physical functioning domain . The purpose of this study was to compare quality of life in men . It was to determine if differences exist after controlling for functional status, age, and ejection fraction . In all analyses, quality of . life was minimally worse in women compared with men (1-3 points at most). None of the differences reached statistical significance except for emotional quality of. life at baseline (P =.03)

Quality of life is similar in men and women with heart failure when functional status, age, ejection fraction, and marital status differences are controlled.

yes

### Human: Quality of life differs in men and women with heart failure, especially in the physical functioning domain . The purpose of this study was to compare quality of life in men . It was to determine if differences exist after controlling for functional status, age, and ejection fraction . In all analyses, quality of . life was minimally worse in women compared with men (1-3 points at most). None of the differences reached statistical significance except for emotional quality of. life at baseline (P =.03) Are gender differences in quality of life minimal in patients with heart failure?### Assistant: Quality of life is similar in men and women with heart failure when functional status, age, ejection fraction, and marital status differences are controlled.

Quality of life is similar in men and women with heart failure when functional status, age, ejection fraction, and marital status differences are

Does longitudinal strain combined with delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance improve risk stratification in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has been reported to be associated with unfavourable outcomes . Few studies have addressed the prognostic value of left ventricular (LV) deformation parameter indicated by global longitudinal strain (GLS) in 2DST echocardiography in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) Study aims to investigate whether combination of GLS and LGE is useful in stratifying the risk in patients .

Combining GLS and LGE could be useful for risk stratification and prognostic assessment in patients with DCM.

yes

### Human: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has been reported to be associated with unfavourable outcomes . Few studies have addressed the prognostic value of left ventricular (LV) deformation parameter indicated by global longitudinal strain (GLS) in 2DST echocardiography in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) Study aims to investigate whether combination of GLS and LGE is useful in stratifying the risk in patients . Does longitudinal strain combined with delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance improve risk stratification in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?### Assistant: Combining GLS and LGE could be useful for risk stratification and prognostic assessment in patients with DCM.

Combining GLS and LGE could be useful for risk stratification and prognostic assessment in patients with DCM .

Is authentic 17 kDa tumour necrosis factor alpha synthesized and released by canine mast cells and up-regulated by stem cell factor?

TNF alpha protein expression increased in response to fibroblast conditioned media (FCM) and to recombinant human SCF . TNFalpha was preformed by stimulation with antigen after passive sensitization or by calcium ionophore A23187 . The cellular localization of the TNF . alpha was determined by immunocytochemistry before and after stimulation by A24187 and passive sensitizing . Northern blotting revealed a constitutive message for TNF. alpha, which increased in . response to FCM and recombinant SCF and . FCM .

Mastocytoma derived-TNF alpha is a preformed, granule-associated 17 kDa cytokine which is released on stimulation with A23187 or passive sensitization. It is up-regulated by stem cell factor and by FCM over the course of 12 weeks.

yes

### Human: TNF alpha protein expression increased in response to fibroblast conditioned media (FCM) and to recombinant human SCF . TNFalpha was preformed by stimulation with antigen after passive sensitization or by calcium ionophore A23187 . The cellular localization of the TNF . alpha was determined by immunocytochemistry before and after stimulation by A24187 and passive sensitizing . Northern blotting revealed a constitutive message for TNF. alpha, which increased in . response to FCM and recombinant SCF and . FCM . Is authentic 17 kDa tumour necrosis factor alpha synthesized and released by canine mast cells and up-regulated by stem cell factor?### Assistant: Mastocytoma derived-TNF alpha is a preformed, granule-associated 17 kDa cytokine which is released on stimulation with A23187 or passive sensitization. It is up-regulated by stem cell factor and by FCM over the course of 12 weeks.

Mastocytoma derived-TNF alpha is a preformed, granule-associated 17 kDa cytokine . It is released

Does network motif comparison rationalize Sec1/Munc18-SNARE regulation mechanism in exocytosis?

The SM-SNARE network motifs of yeast and neurons show distinct dynamical behaviors . We identify the closed binding mode of neuronal SM (Munc18-1) and SNARE (syntaxin-1), as the key factor leading to mechanistic divergence of membrane fusion systems in yeast and . neurons . We also predict that it underlies the conflicting observations in SM overexpression experiments . Furthermore, hypothesis-driven lipid mixing assays validated the prediction. We also predicted that it .

Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins.

yes

### Human: The SM-SNARE network motifs of yeast and neurons show distinct dynamical behaviors . We identify the closed binding mode of neuronal SM (Munc18-1) and SNARE (syntaxin-1), as the key factor leading to mechanistic divergence of membrane fusion systems in yeast and . neurons . We also predict that it underlies the conflicting observations in SM overexpression experiments . Furthermore, hypothesis-driven lipid mixing assays validated the prediction. We also predicted that it . Does network motif comparison rationalize Sec1/Munc18-SNARE regulation mechanism in exocytosis?### Assistant: Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins.

Study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins .

Is elective endovascular aortic repair conversion for type Ia endoleak associated with increased morbidity or mortality compared with primary juxtarenal aneurysm repair?

Type Ia endoleak after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) can be a challenging complication to manage . OSC patients more frequently underwent a nontube graft repair (OSC, n = 20 [80%) vs OJAR, p = .0002) OSCs more frequently required longer procedure times and required more plasma transfusions . One-year survival was 83% in OSC and 91% in the OSC group, p= .65 . OSC patients presented with smaller aneurysm diameter and a higher rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .

Despite many advances in EVAR technology, the need for OSC persists and will likely become more common as older-generation devices fail or providers attempt EVAR in more anatomically complex patients. Elective OSC for type Ia endoleak can be technically challenging but is not associated with increased morbidity or mortality compared with OJAR in appropriately selected patients. These results should be considered before pursuing complex endovascular remediation of EVAR failures.

no

### Human: Type Ia endoleak after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) can be a challenging complication to manage . OSC patients more frequently underwent a nontube graft repair (OSC, n = 20 [80%) vs OJAR, p = .0002) OSCs more frequently required longer procedure times and required more plasma transfusions . One-year survival was 83% in OSC and 91% in the OSC group, p= .65 . OSC patients presented with smaller aneurysm diameter and a higher rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Is elective endovascular aortic repair conversion for type Ia endoleak associated with increased morbidity or mortality compared with primary juxtarenal aneurysm repair?### Assistant: Despite many advances in EVAR technology, the need for OSC persists and will likely become more common as older-generation devices fail or providers attempt EVAR in more anatomically complex patients. Elective OSC for type Ia endoleak can be technically challenging but is not associated with increased morbidity or mortality compared with OJAR in appropriately selected patients. These results should be considered before pursuing complex endovascular remediation of EVAR failures.

OSC for type Ia endoleak can be technically challenging but is not associated with increased morbidity or mortality compared with OJ

Do microscopic mammalian retinal pigment epithelium lesions induce widespread proliferation with differences in magnitude between center and periphery?

In amphibians and fish the retinal margin continues to proliferate throughout life, resulting in retinal expansion . This does not happen in mammals . However, some mammalian peripheral retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells continue to divide, perhaps as a vestige of this mechanism . Significantly more mitosis resulted from peripheral than central lesions . Unexpectedly, single lesions also resulted in RPE cells proliferating across the entire retina . Their number did not increase linearly with lesion number, indicating they may be a specific population .

These results highlight regional RPE differences, revealing an enhanced peripheral repair capacity. Further, all lesions have a marked impact on both local and distant RPE cells, demonstrating a pan retinal signaling mechanism triggering proliferation across the tissue plane. The RPE cells may represent a distinct population as their number did not increase with multiple lesions. The fact that repairing cells were hypopigmented is of interest because reduced pigment is associated with enhanced proliferative capacities in the developing neural retina.

yes

### Human: In amphibians and fish the retinal margin continues to proliferate throughout life, resulting in retinal expansion . This does not happen in mammals . However, some mammalian peripheral retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells continue to divide, perhaps as a vestige of this mechanism . Significantly more mitosis resulted from peripheral than central lesions . Unexpectedly, single lesions also resulted in RPE cells proliferating across the entire retina . Their number did not increase linearly with lesion number, indicating they may be a specific population . Do microscopic mammalian retinal pigment epithelium lesions induce widespread proliferation with differences in magnitude between center and periphery?### Assistant: These results highlight regional RPE differences, revealing an enhanced peripheral repair capacity. Further, all lesions have a marked impact on both local and distant RPE cells, demonstrating a pan retinal signaling mechanism triggering proliferation across the tissue plane. The RPE cells may represent a distinct population as their number did not increase with multiple lesions. The fact that repairing cells were hypopigmented is of interest because reduced pigment is associated with enhanced proliferative capacities in the developing neural retina.

All lesions have a marked impact on both local and distant RPE cells, demonstrating a pan retinal signaling mechanism triggering proliferation across the tissue

Are natural killer cells crucial for the efficacy of Icon ( factor VII/human IgG1 Fc ) immunotherapy in human tongue cancer?

Icon is a novel, dual neovascular- and cancer cell-targeting immunotherapeutic agent . It has shown efficacy in the treatment of cancer, wet form macular degeneration and endometriosis . The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of Icon immunotherapy in cancer using a squamous carcinoma human tongue cancer line TCA8113 in vitro and in vivo in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice . Icon-NK ADCC had a significantly stronger effect than that of Icon-CDC . Icon could completely eradicate established human tongue tumour xenografts in vivo .

We conclude that NK cells are crucial for the efficacy of Icon immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. The results also suggest that impaired NK level/activity could contribute to the resistance to therapeutic antibodies that are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies.

yes

### Human: Icon is a novel, dual neovascular- and cancer cell-targeting immunotherapeutic agent . It has shown efficacy in the treatment of cancer, wet form macular degeneration and endometriosis . The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of Icon immunotherapy in cancer using a squamous carcinoma human tongue cancer line TCA8113 in vitro and in vivo in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice . Icon-NK ADCC had a significantly stronger effect than that of Icon-CDC . Icon could completely eradicate established human tongue tumour xenografts in vivo . Are natural killer cells crucial for the efficacy of Icon ( factor VII/human IgG1 Fc ) immunotherapy in human tongue cancer?### Assistant: We conclude that NK cells are crucial for the efficacy of Icon immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. The results also suggest that impaired NK level/activity could contribute to the resistance to therapeutic antibodies that are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies.

The results suggest that impaired NK level/activity could contribute to the resistance to therapeutic antibodies that are currently under investigation in clinical studies .

Does bone marrow stromal cell transplantation attenuate cognitive dysfunction due to chronic cerebral ischemia in rats?

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were harvested from green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing mice . The BMSC were widely distributed in the ischemic brain, including the neocortex, white matter and hippocampus . Some of them expressed the phenotypes of neurons, astrocytes and endothelium . They also significantly ameliorated white matter damage in the brain, when compared with the non-CCA-ligation animals . The study was aimed to elucidate if the cells could be used to improve cognitive dysfunction due to chronic cerebral ischemia .

These findings strongly suggest that the BMSC may have the potential to attenuate white matter injury and improve cognitive dysfunction due to chronic cerebral ischemia. The present results would shed light on the potential of a novel strategy, cell therapy against ischemia-related cognitive dysfunction.

yes

### Human: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were harvested from green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing mice . The BMSC were widely distributed in the ischemic brain, including the neocortex, white matter and hippocampus . Some of them expressed the phenotypes of neurons, astrocytes and endothelium . They also significantly ameliorated white matter damage in the brain, when compared with the non-CCA-ligation animals . The study was aimed to elucidate if the cells could be used to improve cognitive dysfunction due to chronic cerebral ischemia . Does bone marrow stromal cell transplantation attenuate cognitive dysfunction due to chronic cerebral ischemia in rats?### Assistant: These findings strongly suggest that the BMSC may have the potential to attenuate white matter injury and improve cognitive dysfunction due to chronic cerebral ischemia. The present results would shed light on the potential of a novel strategy, cell therapy against ischemia-related cognitive dysfunction.

The BMSC may have the potential to attenuate white matter injury and improve cognitive dysfunction due to chronic cerebral ischemia . The

Does alleviating constipation in the elderly improve lower urinary tract symptoms?

Study of elderly patients with chronic constipation and lower urinary tract symptoms found to be beneficial to the elderly . Patients spent less time on the toilet and spent less on the bathroom . Urinary stream disturbances improved in 32 of the 52 patients . Residual urine volume decreased from 85 +/- 39.5 to 30 +/- 22.56 ml . There was also a significant decrease in the number of patients with bacteriurial events (5 versus 17) and an improvement in sexual activity and mood .

Our data demonstrated that medical relief of constipation significantly improves LUTS in the elderly which, in turn, improves the patient's mood, sexual activity and quality of life.

yes

### Human: Study of elderly patients with chronic constipation and lower urinary tract symptoms found to be beneficial to the elderly . Patients spent less time on the toilet and spent less on the bathroom . Urinary stream disturbances improved in 32 of the 52 patients . Residual urine volume decreased from 85 +/- 39.5 to 30 +/- 22.56 ml . There was also a significant decrease in the number of patients with bacteriurial events (5 versus 17) and an improvement in sexual activity and mood . Does alleviating constipation in the elderly improve lower urinary tract symptoms?### Assistant: Our data demonstrated that medical relief of constipation significantly improves LUTS in the elderly which, in turn, improves the patient's mood, sexual activity and quality of life.

Medical relief of constipation significantly improves LUTS in the elderly . This improves the patient's mood, sexual activity and quality of life

Is subtotal colectomy with primary ileorectostomy effective for unlocalized , diverticular hemorrhage?

A large proportion of patients with acute colonic diverticular bleeding undergo emergency surgery without successful prior localization . Preoperative localization of the bleeding site was possible in six patients (14%), by colonoscopy in two and by angiography in four . Subtotal colectomy is the more extensive surgical procedure (longer resected bowel, greater blood loss) There were no significant differences between segmental and subtotal colectomosis with respect to operation time, morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, number of bowel movements, continence scores, patient satisfaction .

Subtotal colectomy with primary ileorectostomy for unlocalized colonic diverticular bleeding is a safe and effective surgical procedure providing complete bleeding control and preserving continence.

yes

### Human: A large proportion of patients with acute colonic diverticular bleeding undergo emergency surgery without successful prior localization . Preoperative localization of the bleeding site was possible in six patients (14%), by colonoscopy in two and by angiography in four . Subtotal colectomy is the more extensive surgical procedure (longer resected bowel, greater blood loss) There were no significant differences between segmental and subtotal colectomosis with respect to operation time, morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, number of bowel movements, continence scores, patient satisfaction . Is subtotal colectomy with primary ileorectostomy effective for unlocalized , diverticular hemorrhage?### Assistant: Subtotal colectomy with primary ileorectostomy for unlocalized colonic diverticular bleeding is a safe and effective surgical procedure providing complete bleeding control and preserving continence.

Subtotal colectomy with primary ileorectostomy for unlocalized colonic diverticular bleeding is a safe and effective

Is wider neck circumference related to severe asthma in children?

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between fat distribution and asthma severity in children . Anthropometric measures including height, weight, NC, waist circumference, and hip circumference were obtained . The prevalence of children with NC higher than 90th percentile was also more frequent in children with severe asthma (15 [41.7%) vs. 21 [23.1%)) A total of 127 children (82 male, 64.6%) with a median age of 8.3 (6.4-11.3) years were included .

Neck circumference, which is a simple anthropometric tool, is associated with asthma severity in children.

yes

### Human: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between fat distribution and asthma severity in children . Anthropometric measures including height, weight, NC, waist circumference, and hip circumference were obtained . The prevalence of children with NC higher than 90th percentile was also more frequent in children with severe asthma (15 [41.7%) vs. 21 [23.1%)) A total of 127 children (82 male, 64.6%) with a median age of 8.3 (6.4-11.3) years were included . Is wider neck circumference related to severe asthma in children?### Assistant: Neck circumference, which is a simple anthropometric tool, is associated with asthma severity in children.

Neck circumference is associated with asthma severity in children . Neck circumference has been linked to asthma in some children .

Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for vascular dementia , but not for Alzheimer 's disease : a population-based study of the oldest old?

The purpose of this study was to examine if Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for dementia in very old age, specifically for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) No association was found between diabetes and AD, and no association was linked to diabetes . The study looked at a population-based sample of 702 individuals aged 80 years and older (mean age 83 years) with a total of 187 people receiving a dementia diagnosis . Thirty-one individuals had a diabetes diagnosis prior to onset of the dementia .

Type 2 diabetes is selectively related to the different subtypes of dementia. There is no increased risk of AD but more than a twofold risk of VaD in persons with diabetes.

yes

### Human: The purpose of this study was to examine if Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for dementia in very old age, specifically for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) No association was found between diabetes and AD, and no association was linked to diabetes . The study looked at a population-based sample of 702 individuals aged 80 years and older (mean age 83 years) with a total of 187 people receiving a dementia diagnosis . Thirty-one individuals had a diabetes diagnosis prior to onset of the dementia . Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for vascular dementia , but not for Alzheimer 's disease : a population-based study of the oldest old?### Assistant: Type 2 diabetes is selectively related to the different subtypes of dementia. There is no increased risk of AD but more than a twofold risk of VaD in persons with diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is selectively related to the different subtypes of dementia . There is no increased risk of AD but more than a twofold

Does sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) sensitize human gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis?

To investigate the effects of the nitrous oxide (NO)-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells . The MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cellular proliferation and markers of apoptosis . Treatment of cells with both TRAIL and SNP resulted in increased activation of caspase-8 and caspases-8 .

SNP-sensitized gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity by stimulating the release of NO, in turn facilitating the mitochondria-mediated signal transduction pathway. The engagement of the mitochondria signaling pathways along with the TRAIL death receptor signaling pathway synergistically increase levels of apoptosis in these cells.

yes

### Human: To investigate the effects of the nitrous oxide (NO)-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells . The MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cellular proliferation and markers of apoptosis . Treatment of cells with both TRAIL and SNP resulted in increased activation of caspase-8 and caspases-8 . Does sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) sensitize human gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis?### Assistant: SNP-sensitized gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity by stimulating the release of NO, in turn facilitating the mitochondria-mediated signal transduction pathway. The engagement of the mitochondria signaling pathways along with the TRAIL death receptor signaling pathway synergistically increase levels of apoptosis in these cells.

SNP-sensitized gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity by stimulating the release of NO, in turn

Is heart rate a marker of amiodarone mortality reduction in severe heart failure . The GESICA-GEMA Investigators . Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina-Grupo de Estudios Multicéntricos en Argentina?

Amiodarone reduced 2-year mortality only in those with a BHR > or = 90 beats/min . Survival was also analyzed according to heart rate reduction at 6 months for 367 patients . In patients with a 90 beat/min BHR < 90 beats, amiodinone did not alter survival . In those with 90 beat-min patients, the effect was not uniform in all patient subgroups with regard to survival, authors say . The study was carried out in 516 patients randomized to receive amiodrone, 300 mg/day (n = 260), or nonantiarrhythmic therapy .

Elevated rest heart rates in severe CHF identify a subgroup of patients who benefit from treatment with amiodarone. Amiodarone-induced heart rate slowing may be an important benefit for patients.

yes

### Human: Amiodarone reduced 2-year mortality only in those with a BHR > or = 90 beats/min . Survival was also analyzed according to heart rate reduction at 6 months for 367 patients . In patients with a 90 beat/min BHR < 90 beats, amiodinone did not alter survival . In those with 90 beat-min patients, the effect was not uniform in all patient subgroups with regard to survival, authors say . The study was carried out in 516 patients randomized to receive amiodrone, 300 mg/day (n = 260), or nonantiarrhythmic therapy . Is heart rate a marker of amiodarone mortality reduction in severe heart failure . The GESICA-GEMA Investigators . Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina-Grupo de Estudios Multicéntricos en Argentina?### Assistant: Elevated rest heart rates in severe CHF identify a subgroup of patients who benefit from treatment with amiodarone. Amiodarone-induced heart rate slowing may be an important benefit for patients.

Amiodarone-induced heart rate slowing may be an important benefit for patients .

Does bevacizumab induce A549 cell apoptosis through the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro?

Treatment with bevacizumab for 24-hr have induced cell death in a does-dependent manner dramatically (P<0.05) In terms of the protein level, the expression of CHOP has increased obviously in each group (1.M, 5 μM, 25 μM) when compared with the control group (0 .M) As for caspase-4 (5.M), the expression have increased slightly (P.05), as for IRE1, XBP-1 .

Bevacizumab can induce A549 cell apoptosis through the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

yes

### Human: Treatment with bevacizumab for 24-hr have induced cell death in a does-dependent manner dramatically (P<0.05) In terms of the protein level, the expression of CHOP has increased obviously in each group (1.M, 5 μM, 25 μM) when compared with the control group (0 .M) As for caspase-4 (5.M), the expression have increased slightly (P.05), as for IRE1, XBP-1 . Does bevacizumab induce A549 cell apoptosis through the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro?### Assistant: Bevacizumab can induce A549 cell apoptosis through the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Beacizumab can induce A549 cell apoptosis through the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress .

Is frequent periodic leg movement during sleep associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and adverse cardiovascular outcomes?

Of 584 patients, 47% had a periodic movement index > 35/hour . The group with periodic movement . index >35/hour had significantly higher left ventricular mass and mass index . Patients with frequent periodic periodic . movement index were older, predominantly male, and had more prevalent coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation . The study was conducted in a retrospective study of patients with restless legs syndrome referred for polysomnography . It found that frequent periodic movement indices > 35 hours were the strongest predictor of heart failure and mortality .

Frequent periodic leg movement during sleep is an independent predictor of severe LVH and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

yes

### Human: Of 584 patients, 47% had a periodic movement index > 35/hour . The group with periodic movement . index >35/hour had significantly higher left ventricular mass and mass index . Patients with frequent periodic periodic . movement index were older, predominantly male, and had more prevalent coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation . The study was conducted in a retrospective study of patients with restless legs syndrome referred for polysomnography . It found that frequent periodic movement indices > 35 hours were the strongest predictor of heart failure and mortality . Is frequent periodic leg movement during sleep associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and adverse cardiovascular outcomes?### Assistant: Frequent periodic leg movement during sleep is an independent predictor of severe LVH and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Leg movement during sleep is independent predictor of severe LVH . It is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality .

Is menopause associated with a significant increase in blood monocyte number and a relative decrease in the expression of estrogen receptors in human peripheral monocytes?

The clinical significance of the differential expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in human monocytes was evaluated . During menopause there is a significant decrease in the percentage of ER positive monocytes, and an increase in blood monocyte number, which declines following estrogen replacement therapy to values of the young and postmenopausal females . The decrease in ER negative monocytes is seen in women who are treated with hormone replacement therapy . The blood estrogen levels of each patient were determined . The monocyte and lymphocyte counts and the blood . estrogen levels were determine .

These findings suggest that estrogen modulates the monocyte numbers and its effects may be mediated through the ER in the monocytes.

yes

### Human: The clinical significance of the differential expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in human monocytes was evaluated . During menopause there is a significant decrease in the percentage of ER positive monocytes, and an increase in blood monocyte number, which declines following estrogen replacement therapy to values of the young and postmenopausal females . The decrease in ER negative monocytes is seen in women who are treated with hormone replacement therapy . The blood estrogen levels of each patient were determined . The monocyte and lymphocyte counts and the blood . estrogen levels were determine . Is menopause associated with a significant increase in blood monocyte number and a relative decrease in the expression of estrogen receptors in human peripheral monocytes?### Assistant: These findings suggest that estrogen modulates the monocyte numbers and its effects may be mediated through the ER in the monocytes.

These findings suggest that estrogen modulates monocyte numbers and its effects may be mediated through the ER in monocytes .

Do vHL type 2B mutations retain VBC complex form and function?

von Hippel-Lindau disease is characterized by a spectrum of hypervascular tumors, including renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, and pheochromocytoma . VHL loss causes a failure to regulate the hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha), resulting in accumulation of both factors to high levels . Increasing evidence points toward gradations of HIF dysregulation contributing to the degree of predisposition to renal cell cancer .

Our results suggest that subtypes of VHL mutations support an intermediate level of HIF regulation via a remnant VBC complex. These findings provide a mechanism for the graded HIF dysregulation and genetic predisposition for cancer development in VHL disease.

yes

### Human: von Hippel-Lindau disease is characterized by a spectrum of hypervascular tumors, including renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, and pheochromocytoma . VHL loss causes a failure to regulate the hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha), resulting in accumulation of both factors to high levels . Increasing evidence points toward gradations of HIF dysregulation contributing to the degree of predisposition to renal cell cancer . Do vHL type 2B mutations retain VBC complex form and function?### Assistant: Our results suggest that subtypes of VHL mutations support an intermediate level of HIF regulation via a remnant VBC complex. These findings provide a mechanism for the graded HIF dysregulation and genetic predisposition for cancer development in VHL disease.

Subtypes of VHL mutations support an intermediate level of HIF regulation via a remnant VBC complex . These findings provide a mechanism for

Do lesions in the suprachiasmatic nuclei suppress inflammatory mediators in sensitized rats?

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a major circadian pacemaker, regulates inflammatory mediators relevant to asthma . We investigated the effects of electrolytic lesioning of the SCN on the antigen-induced immediate allergic response and the late allergic response (LAR) in male Brown Norway rats . We found no significant differences between SCN-lesioned rats and the other groups . Both plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were highest during the LAR, whereas the corticosterone level was lowest in the . SCN was lesioned, and plasma histamine levels were significantly lower .

These findings indicate that the SCN has a significant effect on the inflammatory mediators relevant to bronchial asthma.

yes

### Human: The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a major circadian pacemaker, regulates inflammatory mediators relevant to asthma . We investigated the effects of electrolytic lesioning of the SCN on the antigen-induced immediate allergic response and the late allergic response (LAR) in male Brown Norway rats . We found no significant differences between SCN-lesioned rats and the other groups . Both plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were highest during the LAR, whereas the corticosterone level was lowest in the . SCN was lesioned, and plasma histamine levels were significantly lower . Do lesions in the suprachiasmatic nuclei suppress inflammatory mediators in sensitized rats?### Assistant: These findings indicate that the SCN has a significant effect on the inflammatory mediators relevant to bronchial asthma.

These findings indicate that the SCN has a significant effect on the inflammatory mediators relevant to bronchial asthma .

Does neonatal vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin elicit long-term protection in mouse-allergic responses?

Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has been shown to inhibit allergic airway inflammation in animal models . Little is known about whether neonatal BCG treatment could inhibit allergic inflammation by regulating allergen-specific T-cell response in aged mice . This study was aimed to investigate the impact of neonatal treatment on allergic asthma and possible mechanism(s) underlying the action of BCG in different ages of mice . In late-challenged mice, BCG . treatment attenuated AHR and eosinophilia (P < 0.05), but failed to modulate allerogen-specific cytokine responses .

Our data suggest that neonatal BCG vaccination has a long-term effect on inhibiting AHR and eosinophilia, which is associated with the modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine production in early-, but not in late-challenged mice. Thus, different mechanisms may mediate the long-term protective effect of BCG neonatal vaccination differently in younger adult and aged mice.

yes

### Human: Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has been shown to inhibit allergic airway inflammation in animal models . Little is known about whether neonatal BCG treatment could inhibit allergic inflammation by regulating allergen-specific T-cell response in aged mice . This study was aimed to investigate the impact of neonatal treatment on allergic asthma and possible mechanism(s) underlying the action of BCG in different ages of mice . In late-challenged mice, BCG . treatment attenuated AHR and eosinophilia (P < 0.05), but failed to modulate allerogen-specific cytokine responses . Does neonatal vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin elicit long-term protection in mouse-allergic responses?### Assistant: Our data suggest that neonatal BCG vaccination has a long-term effect on inhibiting AHR and eosinophilia, which is associated with the modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine production in early-, but not in late-challenged mice. Thus, different mechanisms may mediate the long-term protective effect of BCG neonatal vaccination differently in younger adult and aged mice.

Neonatal BCG vaccination has a long-term effect on inhibiting AHR and eosinophilia, which is associated with

Does the ultra-potent and selective TLR8 agonist VTX-294 activate human newborn and adult leukocytes?

Newborns display distinct immune responses that contribute to susceptibility to infection and reduced vaccine responses . Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists may serve as vaccine adjuvants, when given individually or in combination, but responses of neonatal leukocytes to many TLR agonists are diminished . We characterized in vitro immuno-stimulatory activities of a novel benzazepine TLR8 agonist, VTX-294, in comparison to imidazoquinolines that activate TLR 8 .

VTX-294 is a novel ultra-potent TLR8 agonist that activates newborn and adult leukocytes and is a candidate vaccine adjuvant in both early life and adulthood.

yes

### Human: Newborns display distinct immune responses that contribute to susceptibility to infection and reduced vaccine responses . Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists may serve as vaccine adjuvants, when given individually or in combination, but responses of neonatal leukocytes to many TLR agonists are diminished . We characterized in vitro immuno-stimulatory activities of a novel benzazepine TLR8 agonist, VTX-294, in comparison to imidazoquinolines that activate TLR 8 . Does the ultra-potent and selective TLR8 agonist VTX-294 activate human newborn and adult leukocytes?### Assistant: VTX-294 is a novel ultra-potent TLR8 agonist that activates newborn and adult leukocytes and is a candidate vaccine adjuvant in both early life and adulthood.

VTX-294 is a novel ultra-potent TLR8 agonist that activates newborn and adult leukocytes . It is

Does metformin inhibit StAR expression in human endometriotic stromal cells via AMPK-mediated disruption of CREB-CRTC2 complex formation?

Metformin could have a therapeutic effect on endometriosis through regulation of local estrogen production . The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanism by which metformin regulates StAR expression in human endometria cells . StAR mRNA levels in ESCs are 264 times higher than those in endometrial cells . PGE2 induces CRTC2 translocation and enhances its association with CREB to form a transcription complex that binds to the StAR promoter region .

We have demonstrated a detailed mechanistic analysis of StAR expression regulated by metformin in ESCs. Our data highlight a role for CRTC2 in the mechanism by which metformin inhibits StAR expression.

yes

### Human: Metformin could have a therapeutic effect on endometriosis through regulation of local estrogen production . The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanism by which metformin regulates StAR expression in human endometria cells . StAR mRNA levels in ESCs are 264 times higher than those in endometrial cells . PGE2 induces CRTC2 translocation and enhances its association with CREB to form a transcription complex that binds to the StAR promoter region . Does metformin inhibit StAR expression in human endometriotic stromal cells via AMPK-mediated disruption of CREB-CRTC2 complex formation?### Assistant: We have demonstrated a detailed mechanistic analysis of StAR expression regulated by metformin in ESCs. Our data highlight a role for CRTC2 in the mechanism by which metformin inhibits StAR expression.

CRTC2 in the mechanism by which metformin inhibits StAR expression .

Are vEGF polymorphisms associated with severity of diabetic retinopathy?

A case-control study was conducted in which 45 individuals with type 1 or 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 61 individuals with diabetes without retinopathies (DWR) were genotyped for 14 SNPs in the VEGF promoter and gene . Three of the promoter SNP genotypes, -160C, -152A (rs13207351), and -116A showed significant independent associations with PDR, as well as the minihaplotype CAA (P = 0.00017)

A clear association was demonstrated between VEGF SNPs and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, two of the htSNP haplotypes appear to be more generalized markers for angiogenesis, in that these have been found in prior work to be associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

yes

### Human: A case-control study was conducted in which 45 individuals with type 1 or 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 61 individuals with diabetes without retinopathies (DWR) were genotyped for 14 SNPs in the VEGF promoter and gene . Three of the promoter SNP genotypes, -160C, -152A (rs13207351), and -116A showed significant independent associations with PDR, as well as the minihaplotype CAA (P = 0.00017) Are vEGF polymorphisms associated with severity of diabetic retinopathy?### Assistant: A clear association was demonstrated between VEGF SNPs and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, two of the htSNP haplotypes appear to be more generalized markers for angiogenesis, in that these have been found in prior work to be associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

A clear association was demonstrated between VEGF SNPs and severity of diabetic retinopathy . Two of the htSNP hapl

Does repeated exposure of human fibroblasts to UVR induce secretion of stem cell factor and senescence?

Melasma can recur even after chemical epidermal removal . Dermal factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of melasma . Changes in dermal fibroblasts resulting from chronic sun exposure might cause melanocytes to synthesize melanin in the epidermis . Study aimed at determining the effects of repetitive ultraviolet (UV) radiation on cultured fibroblast-secretion of stem cell factor (SCF) and hepatocyte growth factor using an ELISA kit assay . UV-irradiated keratinocytes also induced SCF release .

These results suggest that fibroblast senescence and increased SCF secretion after repeated UV irradiation may be related to the pathogenesis of recurring hyperpigmentation disorders induced by chronic sun exposure.

yes

### Human: Melasma can recur even after chemical epidermal removal . Dermal factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of melasma . Changes in dermal fibroblasts resulting from chronic sun exposure might cause melanocytes to synthesize melanin in the epidermis . Study aimed at determining the effects of repetitive ultraviolet (UV) radiation on cultured fibroblast-secretion of stem cell factor (SCF) and hepatocyte growth factor using an ELISA kit assay . UV-irradiated keratinocytes also induced SCF release . Does repeated exposure of human fibroblasts to UVR induce secretion of stem cell factor and senescence?### Assistant: These results suggest that fibroblast senescence and increased SCF secretion after repeated UV irradiation may be related to the pathogenesis of recurring hyperpigmentation disorders induced by chronic sun exposure.

Fibroblast senescence and increased SCF secretion after repeated UV irradiation may be related to the pathogenesis of recurring hyperp

Is major depression a risk factor for low bone mineral density : a meta-analysis?

The role of depression as a risk factor for low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis is not fully acknowledged . We compared 2327 depressed with 21,141 nondepressed individuals . The association between depression and BMD was similar in the spine, hip, and forearm . It was stronger in women (d = -.24) than men and in premenopausal women . Depressed subjects had increased urinary levels of bone resorption markers (d= .52)

The present findings portray depression as a significant risk factor for low BMD. Premenopausal women who are psychiatrically diagnosed with major depression are particularly at high-risk for depression-associated low BMD. Hence, periodic BMD measurements and antiosteoporotic prophylactic and curative measures are strongly advocated for these patients.

yes

### Human: The role of depression as a risk factor for low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis is not fully acknowledged . We compared 2327 depressed with 21,141 nondepressed individuals . The association between depression and BMD was similar in the spine, hip, and forearm . It was stronger in women (d = -.24) than men and in premenopausal women . Depressed subjects had increased urinary levels of bone resorption markers (d= .52) Is major depression a risk factor for low bone mineral density : a meta-analysis?### Assistant: The present findings portray depression as a significant risk factor for low BMD. Premenopausal women who are psychiatrically diagnosed with major depression are particularly at high-risk for depression-associated low BMD. Hence, periodic BMD measurements and antiosteoporotic prophylactic and curative measures are strongly advocated for these patients.

Premenopausal women who are diagnosed with major depression are particularly at high-risk for depression-associated low BMD .

Does corneal melt associated with topically applied nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to prevent miosis during cataract surgery, to treat ocular allergies, and to treat cystoid macular edema following cataracts surgery . The purpose of this report is to review 11 cases of corneal melting in patients treated with topical NSAIDs . The goal of this study is to identify factors useful in minimizing the occurrence of corneaal toxicity . Each of the 11 patients appeared to suffer severe cornean toxicity following the topical use of 0.5% diclofenac .

The inconsistent and variable dose-toxicity relationships suggest that coexistent factors other than a simple drug toxicity are implicated, if not causative, in NSAID-associated corneal melting. These cases demonstrate the importance of making a clinical diagnosis before treatment and of following the clinical course of patients carefully during treatment.

yes

### Human: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to prevent miosis during cataract surgery, to treat ocular allergies, and to treat cystoid macular edema following cataracts surgery . The purpose of this report is to review 11 cases of corneal melting in patients treated with topical NSAIDs . The goal of this study is to identify factors useful in minimizing the occurrence of corneaal toxicity . Each of the 11 patients appeared to suffer severe cornean toxicity following the topical use of 0.5% diclofenac . Does corneal melt associated with topically applied nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?### Assistant: The inconsistent and variable dose-toxicity relationships suggest that coexistent factors other than a simple drug toxicity are implicated, if not causative, in NSAID-associated corneal melting. These cases demonstrate the importance of making a clinical diagnosis before treatment and of following the clinical course of patients carefully during treatment.

The inconsistent and variable dose-toxicity relationships suggest that coexistent factors other than a simple drug toxicity are implicated, if not causative

Do adenovirus vectors targeting alphaV integrin or heparan sulfate receptors display different distribution of transgene activity after intramuscular injection?

Modification of fiber proteins in replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vectors through incorporation of specific receptor-binding motifs may represent a strategy to enhance their tissue targeting capabilities . In a study, we compared an unmodified Ad with two mutated vectors obtained by insertion of specific target sequences that redirect binding, either toward alpha(V) integrin (RGD) or heparan sulfate (UTV) cellular receptors, for reporter gene expression spatial distribution in the rabbit skeletal muscle .

The results of the present study demonstrate that altering Ad affinity for cellular receptors modulates the level and distribution of transgene activity, conferring characteristics that may allow for treatment customization.

yes

### Human: Modification of fiber proteins in replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vectors through incorporation of specific receptor-binding motifs may represent a strategy to enhance their tissue targeting capabilities . In a study, we compared an unmodified Ad with two mutated vectors obtained by insertion of specific target sequences that redirect binding, either toward alpha(V) integrin (RGD) or heparan sulfate (UTV) cellular receptors, for reporter gene expression spatial distribution in the rabbit skeletal muscle . Do adenovirus vectors targeting alphaV integrin or heparan sulfate receptors display different distribution of transgene activity after intramuscular injection?### Assistant: The results of the present study demonstrate that altering Ad affinity for cellular receptors modulates the level and distribution of transgene activity, conferring characteristics that may allow for treatment customization.

Ad affinity for cellular receptors modulates the level and distribution of transgene activity, conferring characteristics that may allow for treatment customization .

Does sildenafil improve alveolar growth and pulmonary hypertension in hyperoxia-induced lung injury?

In vitro, sildenafil (10(-4) M) increased endothelial capillary network formation of human pulmonary endothelial cells exposed to hyperoxia . In vivo, rat pups were randomly exposed from birth to normoxia, hyperoxa (95% O(2), BPD model), and hyperoxi+sildenfil (100 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) showed fewer and enlarged air spaces as well as decreased capillary density . Sildenaffil preserved alveolar growth and lung angiogenesis, and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy and medial wall thickness .

Our findings suggest a role for the NO/cGMP pathway during alveolar development. Sildenafil may have therapeutic potential in diseases associated with impaired alveolar structures.

yes

### Human: In vitro, sildenafil (10(-4) M) increased endothelial capillary network formation of human pulmonary endothelial cells exposed to hyperoxia . In vivo, rat pups were randomly exposed from birth to normoxia, hyperoxa (95% O(2), BPD model), and hyperoxi+sildenfil (100 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) showed fewer and enlarged air spaces as well as decreased capillary density . Sildenaffil preserved alveolar growth and lung angiogenesis, and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy and medial wall thickness . Does sildenafil improve alveolar growth and pulmonary hypertension in hyperoxia-induced lung injury?### Assistant: Our findings suggest a role for the NO/cGMP pathway during alveolar development. Sildenafil may have therapeutic potential in diseases associated with impaired alveolar structures.

Sildenafil may have therapeutic potential in diseases associated with impaired alveolar structures .

Is high-normal blood pressure associated with visit-to-visit blood pressure variability in the US adults?

High-normal blood pressure and visit-to-visit blood pressure variability are common in clinical settings . They are associated with cardiovascular outcomes . No population based studies have assessed the association between these two phenomena . High-Normal blood pressure was significantly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure . The study used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to test the relationship between high-normal pressure and variability . The data included 6,071 participants, the mean age was 37.16 years .

High-normal blood pressure is associated with visit-to-visit blood pressure variability. Additional research is required to replicate the reported results in prospective studies and evaluate approaches to reduce blood pressure variability observed in clinical settings among patients with high-normal blood pressure to reduce the subsequent complications of blood pressure variability.

yes

### Human: High-normal blood pressure and visit-to-visit blood pressure variability are common in clinical settings . They are associated with cardiovascular outcomes . No population based studies have assessed the association between these two phenomena . High-Normal blood pressure was significantly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure . The study used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to test the relationship between high-normal pressure and variability . The data included 6,071 participants, the mean age was 37.16 years . Is high-normal blood pressure associated with visit-to-visit blood pressure variability in the US adults?### Assistant: High-normal blood pressure is associated with visit-to-visit blood pressure variability. Additional research is required to replicate the reported results in prospective studies and evaluate approaches to reduce blood pressure variability observed in clinical settings among patients with high-normal blood pressure to reduce the subsequent complications of blood pressure variability.

High-normal blood pressure is associated with visit-to-visit blood pressure variability . Additional research is required to replicate the reported results

Does peli1 negatively regulate type I interferon induction and antiviral immunity in the CNS?

Type I interferons (IFN-Is) serve as mediators of antiviral innate immunity and also regulate adaptive immune responses . The molecular mechanism that regulates virus-induced IFN-I production in tissue-resident immune cells is incompletely understood . Here we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Peli1 as a negative regulator of IFI-I induction in microglia, innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) Upon intranasal infection with VSV, mice displayed heightened in vivo IFN responses in the CNS, coupled with reduced brain viral titer and increased survival rate .

These results establish Peli1 as an innate immune regulator in the CNS that modulates the threshold of IFN-I responses against viral infections.

yes

### Human: Type I interferons (IFN-Is) serve as mediators of antiviral innate immunity and also regulate adaptive immune responses . The molecular mechanism that regulates virus-induced IFN-I production in tissue-resident immune cells is incompletely understood . Here we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Peli1 as a negative regulator of IFI-I induction in microglia, innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) Upon intranasal infection with VSV, mice displayed heightened in vivo IFN responses in the CNS, coupled with reduced brain viral titer and increased survival rate . Does peli1 negatively regulate type I interferon induction and antiviral immunity in the CNS?### Assistant: These results establish Peli1 as an innate immune regulator in the CNS that modulates the threshold of IFN-I responses against viral infections.

Peli1 is an innate immune regulator in the CNS that modulates the threshold of IFN-I responses against viral infections .

Does inhibition of MEK/ERK1/2 Signaling affect the Fatty Acid Composition of HepG2 Human Hepatic Cell Line?

HepG2 cells cultured in RPMI-1640 were exposed to the commonly used ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 . The ERK/ERK1-1 kinase cascade has recently been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism and fatty liver disease . Herein, we examined the effect of a pharmacological inhibitor of MEK on fatty acid composition of Hep G2 cells . We showed a significant increase of oleic acid (18:1n-9; +29%, P=0.003) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) ratio (3.5-fold; P<0.001)

Cellular fatty acid composition of HepG2 cells appeared to be differentially regulated by ERK1/2 pathway, thus suggesting related metabolic pathways as potential mediators of the effects of ERK1/2 signaling on hepatic fatty acid composition.

yes

### Human: HepG2 cells cultured in RPMI-1640 were exposed to the commonly used ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 . The ERK/ERK1-1 kinase cascade has recently been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism and fatty liver disease . Herein, we examined the effect of a pharmacological inhibitor of MEK on fatty acid composition of Hep G2 cells . We showed a significant increase of oleic acid (18:1n-9; +29%, P=0.003) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) ratio (3.5-fold; P<0.001) Does inhibition of MEK/ERK1/2 Signaling affect the Fatty Acid Composition of HepG2 Human Hepatic Cell Line?### Assistant: Cellular fatty acid composition of HepG2 cells appeared to be differentially regulated by ERK1/2 pathway, thus suggesting related metabolic pathways as potential mediators of the effects of ERK1/2 signaling on hepatic fatty acid composition.

Cellular fatty acid composition of HepG2 cells appeared to be differentially regulated by ERK1/2 pathway . This suggests related

Does bisdemethoxycurcumin inhibit PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell motility and proliferation?

A key event in the development of plaque in the arteries is the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells . This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BC), a naturally occurring structural analog of curcumin . BC elicited a concentration-dependent inhibition of PDGF-stimulated phosphorylation of the PDGF receptor-β, Akt and Erk . BC was more potent than CC in inhibiting migration, proliferation and suppressing PDGF signaling in SMCs .

BC may be of potential use in the prevention or treatment of vascular disease.

yes

### Human: A key event in the development of plaque in the arteries is the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells . This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BC), a naturally occurring structural analog of curcumin . BC elicited a concentration-dependent inhibition of PDGF-stimulated phosphorylation of the PDGF receptor-β, Akt and Erk . BC was more potent than CC in inhibiting migration, proliferation and suppressing PDGF signaling in SMCs . Does bisdemethoxycurcumin inhibit PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell motility and proliferation?### Assistant: BC may be of potential use in the prevention or treatment of vascular disease.

BC may be of potential use in the prevention or treatment of vascular disease .

Does pancreas transplantation prevent cellular oxidative stress in kidneys of alloxan-induced diabetic rats?

Study of effects of pancreas transplantation (PT) on imbalance caused by excessive production of free oxygen radicals by antioxidant defenses of rats with serious chronic hyperglycemia induced by alloxan . Successful PT corrected clinical and laboratory alterations in diabetic rats with sustained normoglycemia throughout the study . A significant increase in LPO concentration and a marked reduction in SOD and CAT enzyme activity were observed in DC rats; there was no significant variation in renal tissue GSH-Px in this group .

Successful PT controlled cellular oxidative stress in diabetic kidneys, which may prevent chronic lesions.

yes

### Human: Study of effects of pancreas transplantation (PT) on imbalance caused by excessive production of free oxygen radicals by antioxidant defenses of rats with serious chronic hyperglycemia induced by alloxan . Successful PT corrected clinical and laboratory alterations in diabetic rats with sustained normoglycemia throughout the study . A significant increase in LPO concentration and a marked reduction in SOD and CAT enzyme activity were observed in DC rats; there was no significant variation in renal tissue GSH-Px in this group . Does pancreas transplantation prevent cellular oxidative stress in kidneys of alloxan-induced diabetic rats?### Assistant: Successful PT controlled cellular oxidative stress in diabetic kidneys, which may prevent chronic lesions.

Successful PT controlled cellular oxidative stress in diabetic kidneys, which may prevent chronic lesions .

Does a novel adhesion barrier facilitate reoperations in complex congenital cardiac surgery?

The surgical membrane (CV Seprafilm, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass) was applied in 350 of 1024 patients . Application of the surgical membrane was safe in all patients, without any infections . Overall mortality was 2/350 (0.57%) and there was a remarkable reduction in tenacity score (3.3 vs 4.3) and in the extent of adhesions (77.7% vs 86%) Duration of reoperation was significantly reduced . Application was safe without infections .

A bioresorbable surgical membrane leads to a significant reduction in the tenacity and amount of adhesions. It is recommended for general use whenever repeat operation is anticipated in congenital as well as in adult cardiac surgery.

yes

### Human: The surgical membrane (CV Seprafilm, Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass) was applied in 350 of 1024 patients . Application of the surgical membrane was safe in all patients, without any infections . Overall mortality was 2/350 (0.57%) and there was a remarkable reduction in tenacity score (3.3 vs 4.3) and in the extent of adhesions (77.7% vs 86%) Duration of reoperation was significantly reduced . Application was safe without infections . Does a novel adhesion barrier facilitate reoperations in complex congenital cardiac surgery?### Assistant: A bioresorbable surgical membrane leads to a significant reduction in the tenacity and amount of adhesions. It is recommended for general use whenever repeat operation is anticipated in congenital as well as in adult cardiac surgery.

Bioresorbable surgical membrane leads to a significant reduction in the tenacity and amount of adhesions . It is recommended for general

Is presynaptic BK channel localization dependent on the hierarchical organization of alpha-catulin and dystrobrevin and fine-tuned by CaV2 calcium channels?

Large conductance, calcium-activated BK channels regulate many important physiological processes, including smooth muscle excitation, hormone release and synaptic transmission . The biological roles of these channels hinge on their unique ability to respond synergistically to both voltage and cytosolic calcium elevations . We show that in C. elegans the localization of SLO-1/BK channels to presynaptic terminals, where UNC-2/CaV2 calcium channels regulate neurotransmitter release, is controlled by the hierarchical organization of CTN-1 and DYB-1 .

CTN-1 and DYB-1, which interact with cortical cytoskeletal proteins, are required for the presynaptic punctate localization of SLO-1 in a hierarchical manner. In addition, UNC-2 calcium channels indirectly control the fidelity of SLO-1 puncta localization at presynaptic terminals. We suggest that the absence of UNC-2 leads to the reorganization of the cytoskeletal structure that includes CTN-1, which in turn influences SLO-1 puncta localization.

yes

### Human: Large conductance, calcium-activated BK channels regulate many important physiological processes, including smooth muscle excitation, hormone release and synaptic transmission . The biological roles of these channels hinge on their unique ability to respond synergistically to both voltage and cytosolic calcium elevations . We show that in C. elegans the localization of SLO-1/BK channels to presynaptic terminals, where UNC-2/CaV2 calcium channels regulate neurotransmitter release, is controlled by the hierarchical organization of CTN-1 and DYB-1 . Is presynaptic BK channel localization dependent on the hierarchical organization of alpha-catulin and dystrobrevin and fine-tuned by CaV2 calcium channels?### Assistant: CTN-1 and DYB-1, which interact with cortical cytoskeletal proteins, are required for the presynaptic punctate localization of SLO-1 in a hierarchical manner. In addition, UNC-2 calcium channels indirectly control the fidelity of SLO-1 puncta localization at presynaptic terminals. We suggest that the absence of UNC-2 leads to the reorganization of the cytoskeletal structure that includes CTN-1, which in turn influences SLO-1 puncta localization.

UNC-2 calcium channels indirectly control the fidelity of SLO-1 puncta localization at presynaptic terminals . We suggest that the

Are minor physical anomalies increased in the offspring of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus?

Infant examinations were performed on 30/39 live births in women with systemic lupus erythematosus . Facial anomalies were the most common MPAs . The relative risk and 95% confidence interval for any MPA were 2.05 (0.99 to 4.26) for tobacco use; 1.95 (0 .92 to . 4 (13%) had two MPAs; 13 (23%) had one; and 17 (57%) had none . One in three women reported alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use .

13/30 (43%) infants had minor anomalies-a similar incidence to that of the general population. Counselling for preventable self reported exposure is advisable in addition to counselling specifically for lupus management during pregnancy.

no

### Human: Infant examinations were performed on 30/39 live births in women with systemic lupus erythematosus . Facial anomalies were the most common MPAs . The relative risk and 95% confidence interval for any MPA were 2.05 (0.99 to 4.26) for tobacco use; 1.95 (0 .92 to . 4 (13%) had two MPAs; 13 (23%) had one; and 17 (57%) had none . One in three women reported alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use . Are minor physical anomalies increased in the offspring of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus?### Assistant: 13/30 (43%) infants had minor anomalies-a similar incidence to that of the general population. Counselling for preventable self reported exposure is advisable in addition to counselling specifically for lupus management during pregnancy.

13/30 (43%) infants had minor anomalies-a similar incidence to that of the general population . Counselling for preventable self

Does nS-398 ( a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ) decrease agonist-induced contraction of the human ureter via calcium channel inhibition?

Ureteral obstruction is associated with increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression . NS-398 produced dose-dependent (10⁻⁹-10⁵ M) relaxation of KCl (35 M) contraction of Bay K 8644 (methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-2(trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine-5-carboxylate) (1 μM) was significantly inhibited by the selective COX-2 inhibitor .

We concluded that NS-398 reduces tonic or phasic contraction by inhibiting the action of voltage-dependent calcium channels. NS-398 has dual inhibitory effects with COX-2 inhibition on ureteral spasms due to renal or ureteral colic.

yes

### Human: Ureteral obstruction is associated with increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression . NS-398 produced dose-dependent (10⁻⁹-10⁵ M) relaxation of KCl (35 M) contraction of Bay K 8644 (methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-2(trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine-5-carboxylate) (1 μM) was significantly inhibited by the selective COX-2 inhibitor . Does nS-398 ( a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ) decrease agonist-induced contraction of the human ureter via calcium channel inhibition?### Assistant: We concluded that NS-398 reduces tonic or phasic contraction by inhibiting the action of voltage-dependent calcium channels. NS-398 has dual inhibitory effects with COX-2 inhibition on ureteral spasms due to renal or ureteral colic.

NS-398 has dual inhibitory effects with COX-2 inhibition on ureteral spasms due to renal or ure

Does d-amphetamine improve outcome of somatosensory training?

D-amphetamine has been shown to affect early stages of stroke recovery, and may have a beneficial effect on functions when administered later after stroke . The drug was used to train subjects in a 4-week training of tactile frequency discrimination in a placebo-controlled, double-blind design . All subjects improved significantly in tactile temporal acuity . However, improvement did not differ in subjects treated with or without D-ampampinella . The study was conducted to test effects on skill acquisition after stroke, when lesion-related structural changes have consolidated .

No beneficial effect of D-amphetamine on somatosensory training improvements was found in healthy subjects.

no

### Human: D-amphetamine has been shown to affect early stages of stroke recovery, and may have a beneficial effect on functions when administered later after stroke . The drug was used to train subjects in a 4-week training of tactile frequency discrimination in a placebo-controlled, double-blind design . All subjects improved significantly in tactile temporal acuity . However, improvement did not differ in subjects treated with or without D-ampampinella . The study was conducted to test effects on skill acquisition after stroke, when lesion-related structural changes have consolidated . Does d-amphetamine improve outcome of somatosensory training?### Assistant: No beneficial effect of D-amphetamine on somatosensory training improvements was found in healthy subjects.

No beneficial effect of D-amphetamine on somatosensory training improvements was found in healthy subjects .

Does notch signaling contribute to the maintenance of both normal neural stem cells and patient-derived glioma stem cells?

Cancer stem cells play an important role in the development and recurrence of malignant tumors including glioma . Notch signaling regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cancer stem cells . We found that inhibition of Notch signalling decreased proliferation and self-renewal ability of human GSCs . We also found that GSI-treated tumor spheres were composed of more intermediate progenitors instead of CSCs, compared with the controls, and that the number of primary and secondary tumor spheres from GSI treated GSCS decreased significantly .

These data indicate that like NSCs, Notch signaling maintains the patient-derived GSCs by promoting their self-renewal and inhibiting their differentiation, and support that Notch signal inhibitor GSI might be a prosperous candidate of the treatment targeting CSCs for gliomas, however, with GSI-resistance at the early stage of GSCs cell cycle.

yes

### Human: Cancer stem cells play an important role in the development and recurrence of malignant tumors including glioma . Notch signaling regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cancer stem cells . We found that inhibition of Notch signalling decreased proliferation and self-renewal ability of human GSCs . We also found that GSI-treated tumor spheres were composed of more intermediate progenitors instead of CSCs, compared with the controls, and that the number of primary and secondary tumor spheres from GSI treated GSCS decreased significantly . Does notch signaling contribute to the maintenance of both normal neural stem cells and patient-derived glioma stem cells?### Assistant: These data indicate that like NSCs, Notch signaling maintains the patient-derived GSCs by promoting their self-renewal and inhibiting their differentiation, and support that Notch signal inhibitor GSI might be a prosperous candidate of the treatment targeting CSCs for gliomas, however, with GSI-resistance at the early stage of GSCs cell cycle.

Notch signaling maintains the patient-derived GSCs by promoting their self-renewal and inhibiting their differentiation . GSI

Is body mass index associated with treatment outcomes of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy : korean data?

A total of 438 stage II or III breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively . 319 patients (72.8%) were normal weight, 100 patients were overweight, and 19 patients (4.3%) were obese . Baseline clinicopathologic characteristics were not different among the groups, except for age . There were no differences in pathologic complete response rate between the groups . Neither overweight nor obese patients showed a significant difference in relapse-free survival compared to normal weight patients .

Obesity or higher body mass index was not significantly associated with pathologic complete response and survival in Korean patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our results suggest that the prognostic impact of body mass index is different from that of Western patients.

no

### Human: A total of 438 stage II or III breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively . 319 patients (72.8%) were normal weight, 100 patients were overweight, and 19 patients (4.3%) were obese . Baseline clinicopathologic characteristics were not different among the groups, except for age . There were no differences in pathologic complete response rate between the groups . Neither overweight nor obese patients showed a significant difference in relapse-free survival compared to normal weight patients . Is body mass index associated with treatment outcomes of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy : korean data?### Assistant: Obesity or higher body mass index was not significantly associated with pathologic complete response and survival in Korean patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our results suggest that the prognostic impact of body mass index is different from that of Western patients.

Obesity or higher body mass index was not significantly associated with pathologic complete response and survival in Korean patients with breast cancer who received neoad

Is neutrophil migration during liver injury under nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 control?

NOD1 appears to regulate cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity, involving polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) Our aim was to explore the role of Nod1 in PMN-induced liver injury . After CCl(4) exposure, livers had more than 50% less PMN infiltration within necrotic areas than those of Nods1(++) mice . PMNs isolated from Nod 1(-/-) mice displayed a 90% decrease in migration capacity compared with Nod2(+/+) PMNs .

The identification of NOD1 as a modulator of PMN function and migration in the liver suggests that this receptor may represent a new therapeutic target in PMN-dependent liver diseases.

yes

### Human: NOD1 appears to regulate cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity, involving polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) Our aim was to explore the role of Nod1 in PMN-induced liver injury . After CCl(4) exposure, livers had more than 50% less PMN infiltration within necrotic areas than those of Nods1(++) mice . PMNs isolated from Nod 1(-/-) mice displayed a 90% decrease in migration capacity compared with Nod2(+/+) PMNs . Is neutrophil migration during liver injury under nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 control?### Assistant: The identification of NOD1 as a modulator of PMN function and migration in the liver suggests that this receptor may represent a new therapeutic target in PMN-dependent liver diseases.

NOD1 is a modulator of PMN function and migration in the liver . This receptor may represent a new therapeutic target in PM

Does cathepsin and calpain inhibitor E64d attenuate matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity after focal cerebral ischemia in rats?

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine proteases (calpain and cathepsin B) play an important role in cell death and are upregulated after focal cerebral ischemia . We investigated the role of E64d on MMP-9 activation in the rat focal ischechemia model . We found a significant reduction in the cerebral infarction volume (353.1+/-19.8 versus 210.3+/-23.7 mm3) and the neurological deficits .

These results suggest that E64d treatment provides a neuroprotective effect to rats after transient focal cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the upregulation of MMP-9.

yes

### Human: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine proteases (calpain and cathepsin B) play an important role in cell death and are upregulated after focal cerebral ischemia . We investigated the role of E64d on MMP-9 activation in the rat focal ischechemia model . We found a significant reduction in the cerebral infarction volume (353.1+/-19.8 versus 210.3+/-23.7 mm3) and the neurological deficits . Does cathepsin and calpain inhibitor E64d attenuate matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity after focal cerebral ischemia in rats?### Assistant: These results suggest that E64d treatment provides a neuroprotective effect to rats after transient focal cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the upregulation of MMP-9.

E64d treatment provides a neuroprotective effect to rats after transient focal cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the upregulation of M

Does hepatic menin recruit SIRT1 to control liver steatosis through histone deacetylation?

The development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes . Understanding the precise regulatory networks of this process will contribute to novel therapeutic strategies . Menin recruits SIRT1 to control hepatic CD36 expression and triglyceride accumulation through histone deacetylation. Menin deficiency promotes high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis in mice . Men1 deficiency promotes liver steatsosis in aging mice . The expression of menin, encoded by multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 gene, is reduced in the liver of aging mice.

Our work reveals that the adaptor protein menin is critical for the progression of hepatic steatosis during aging and metabolic imbalance.

yes

### Human: The development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes . Understanding the precise regulatory networks of this process will contribute to novel therapeutic strategies . Menin recruits SIRT1 to control hepatic CD36 expression and triglyceride accumulation through histone deacetylation. Menin deficiency promotes high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis in mice . Men1 deficiency promotes liver steatsosis in aging mice . The expression of menin, encoded by multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 gene, is reduced in the liver of aging mice. Does hepatic menin recruit SIRT1 to control liver steatosis through histone deacetylation?### Assistant: Our work reveals that the adaptor protein menin is critical for the progression of hepatic steatosis during aging and metabolic imbalance.

Adaptor protein menin is critical for the progression of hepatic steatosis during aging and metabolic imbalance .

Do preconditioning and hypothermic cardioplegia protect human heart equally against ischemia?

Human right atrial trabeculae were suspended in an organ bath with oxygenated Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C and field stimulated at 1 Hz . Preconditioned trabECulae (Warm IPC) were subjected to 5 minutes of normothermic simulated ischemia and 10 minutes of perfusion before normotherm-induced injury . Cold IPC trabechulae recovered 47% +/- 5% and Cold I/R, 56% +/- 8% of baseline developed force at the end of reperfusion (p > 0.05)

We conclude that transient ischemic preconditioning protects human myocardium against normothermic ischemic injury.

yes

### Human: Human right atrial trabeculae were suspended in an organ bath with oxygenated Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C and field stimulated at 1 Hz . Preconditioned trabECulae (Warm IPC) were subjected to 5 minutes of normothermic simulated ischemia and 10 minutes of perfusion before normotherm-induced injury . Cold IPC trabechulae recovered 47% +/- 5% and Cold I/R, 56% +/- 8% of baseline developed force at the end of reperfusion (p > 0.05) Do preconditioning and hypothermic cardioplegia protect human heart equally against ischemia?### Assistant: We conclude that transient ischemic preconditioning protects human myocardium against normothermic ischemic injury.

We conclude that transient ischemic preconditioning protects human myocardium against normothermic injury .

Is cD4 Count Still a Valid Indicator of Outcome in HIV-Infected Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy?

Patients with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) live longer and require surgery for indications similar to those described for the general population . They have been previously reported to carry higher mortality and complication rates, especially septic complications . The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of major abdominal surgery in three groups of patients with different CD4 counts . The overall and the septic complication rates were both higher in the group with a low CD4 count . This resulted in a significantly longer admission period but did not result in a higher mortality rate .

HIV-infected patients on ART can now safely undergo major abdominal surgery with encouraging results though still relatively poorer than those of HIV-negative subjects. CD4 count remains a significant predictor of outcome and patients with a low CD4 count, however, still require closer pre- and post-operative monitoring.

yes

### Human: Patients with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) live longer and require surgery for indications similar to those described for the general population . They have been previously reported to carry higher mortality and complication rates, especially septic complications . The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of major abdominal surgery in three groups of patients with different CD4 counts . The overall and the septic complication rates were both higher in the group with a low CD4 count . This resulted in a significantly longer admission period but did not result in a higher mortality rate . Is cD4 Count Still a Valid Indicator of Outcome in HIV-Infected Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy?### Assistant: HIV-infected patients on ART can now safely undergo major abdominal surgery with encouraging results though still relatively poorer than those of HIV-negative subjects. CD4 count remains a significant predictor of outcome and patients with a low CD4 count, however, still require closer pre- and post-operative monitoring.

HIV-infected patients on ART can now safely undergo major abdominal surgery with encouraging results . CD4 count remains a significant predictor of outcome

Do [ Glucocorticoids up-regulate human chorion 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ]?

Glucocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 co-expressed in the same chorionic trophoblast . Researchers studied the co-localization of 11betaHSD1 and GR receptor . 11betaH1 reductase activity and mRNA levels were increased by dexamethasone (10(-6) mol/L, 10(-7) mol) and RU486 (10 (-6) Mol/L) in the cultured chorion trophoblasts .

By binding to GR, glucocorticoids induce the expression of 11beta-HSD1 by a possible intracrine mechanism.

yes

### Human: Glucocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 co-expressed in the same chorionic trophoblast . Researchers studied the co-localization of 11betaHSD1 and GR receptor . 11betaH1 reductase activity and mRNA levels were increased by dexamethasone (10(-6) mol/L, 10(-7) mol) and RU486 (10 (-6) Mol/L) in the cultured chorion trophoblasts . Do [ Glucocorticoids up-regulate human chorion 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ]?### Assistant: By binding to GR, glucocorticoids induce the expression of 11beta-HSD1 by a possible intracrine mechanism.

glucocorticoids induce the expression of 11beta-HSD1 by a possible intracrine mechanism .

Do peripheral blood mononuclear cells acquire myofibroblast characteristics in granulation tissue?

Bone marrow-derived cell populations possess progenitor cell capacities . Emerging evidence suggests significant plasticity of differentiated mononuclear cell lineages . We assessed the distribution of transplanted peripheral blood mononsuclear cells (PBMCs) in granulation tissue formation . We evaluated their possible transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts . At 3 days, round-shaped PKH26(+) cells accumulated around the implants at 3 days while my ofibroblast/smooth muscle cells were rare .

Transplanted PBMCs contribute to granulation tissue, and acquire myofibroblast characteristics during de novo tissue formation. Mononuclear cells may transdifferentiate into myofibroblast-like cells within an inflammatory environment.

yes

### Human: Bone marrow-derived cell populations possess progenitor cell capacities . Emerging evidence suggests significant plasticity of differentiated mononuclear cell lineages . We assessed the distribution of transplanted peripheral blood mononsuclear cells (PBMCs) in granulation tissue formation . We evaluated their possible transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts . At 3 days, round-shaped PKH26(+) cells accumulated around the implants at 3 days while my ofibroblast/smooth muscle cells were rare . Do peripheral blood mononuclear cells acquire myofibroblast characteristics in granulation tissue?### Assistant: Transplanted PBMCs contribute to granulation tissue, and acquire myofibroblast characteristics during de novo tissue formation. Mononuclear cells may transdifferentiate into myofibroblast-like cells within an inflammatory environment.

Mononuclear cells may transdifferentiate into myofibroblast-like cells within an inflammatory environment . PBMCs contribute to

Does hINTS outperform ABCD2 to screen for stroke in acute continuous vertigo and dizziness?

Dizziness and vertigo account for about 4 million emergency department visits annually in the United States . Some 160,000 to 240,000 (4% to 6%) have cerebrovascular causes . Stroke diagnosis in ED patients with vertigo/dizziness is challenging because the majority have no obvious neurologic signs at initial presentation . Study of high-risk patients with acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) with acute, persistent vertigo or dizziness with nystagmus, plus nausea or vomiting, head motion intolerance, and new gait unsteadiness .

HINTS substantially outperforms ABCD2 for stroke diagnosis in ED patients with AVS. It also outperforms MRI obtained within the first 2 days after symptom onset. While HINTS testing has traditionally been performed by specialists, methods for empowering emergency physicians (EPs) to leverage this approach for stroke screening in dizziness should be investigated.

yes

### Human: Dizziness and vertigo account for about 4 million emergency department visits annually in the United States . Some 160,000 to 240,000 (4% to 6%) have cerebrovascular causes . Stroke diagnosis in ED patients with vertigo/dizziness is challenging because the majority have no obvious neurologic signs at initial presentation . Study of high-risk patients with acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) with acute, persistent vertigo or dizziness with nystagmus, plus nausea or vomiting, head motion intolerance, and new gait unsteadiness . Does hINTS outperform ABCD2 to screen for stroke in acute continuous vertigo and dizziness?### Assistant: HINTS substantially outperforms ABCD2 for stroke diagnosis in ED patients with AVS. It also outperforms MRI obtained within the first 2 days after symptom onset. While HINTS testing has traditionally been performed by specialists, methods for empowering emergency physicians (EPs) to leverage this approach for stroke screening in dizziness should be investigated.

HINTS substantially outperforms ABCD2 for stroke diagnosis in ED patients with AVS . It also outperforms MRI obtained within the

Does an RNA aptamer provide a novel approach for the induction of apoptosis by targeting the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein?

Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is a high-risk DNA tumour virus, which is a major causative agent of cervical cancer . Cellular transformation is associated with deregulated expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes . E7 has been shown to bind a number of cellular proteins, including the cell cycle control protein pRb . Transfection of this molecule into HPV16-transformed cells resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation due to the induction of apoptosis .

This paper includes the first characterisation of the effects of an E7 RNA aptamer in a cell line derived from a cervical carcinoma. Transfection of cells with A2 was correlated with the loss of E7 and the induction of apoptosis. Aptamers specific for a number of cellular and viral proteins have been documented previously; one aptamer (Macugen) is approved for clinical use and several others are in clinical trials. In addition to its role as a molecular tool, A2 could have further applications in the future.

yes

### Human: Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is a high-risk DNA tumour virus, which is a major causative agent of cervical cancer . Cellular transformation is associated with deregulated expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes . E7 has been shown to bind a number of cellular proteins, including the cell cycle control protein pRb . Transfection of this molecule into HPV16-transformed cells resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation due to the induction of apoptosis . Does an RNA aptamer provide a novel approach for the induction of apoptosis by targeting the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein?### Assistant: This paper includes the first characterisation of the effects of an E7 RNA aptamer in a cell line derived from a cervical carcinoma. Transfection of cells with A2 was correlated with the loss of E7 and the induction of apoptosis. Aptamers specific for a number of cellular and viral proteins have been documented previously; one aptamer (Macugen) is approved for clinical use and several others are in clinical trials. In addition to its role as a molecular tool, A2 could have further applications in the future.

Transfection of cells with A2 was correlated with the loss of E7 and the induction of apoptosis . Aptamers

Do rates of alcohol consumption and risk status among Australian university students vary by assessment questions?

The present study compares differences in rates and risk levels based on responses to a modified version of the Daily Drinking Questionnaire (m-DDQ) and quantity-frequency (QF) questions . The sample comprised 2082 university students, 61% of whom were female and 39% male with a mean age of 23.5 years . Almost twice as many students were found to be drinking at levels considered risky using the m- DDQ method compared with QF . The relative rank order of participants varied significantly between the two methods .

The m-DDQ method identified higher rates of drinking and categorised almost twice as many individuals into risky categories of drinking compared with QF. Such variations have major implications for identification of risk groups in health promotion or prevention programs.

yes

### Human: The present study compares differences in rates and risk levels based on responses to a modified version of the Daily Drinking Questionnaire (m-DDQ) and quantity-frequency (QF) questions . The sample comprised 2082 university students, 61% of whom were female and 39% male with a mean age of 23.5 years . Almost twice as many students were found to be drinking at levels considered risky using the m- DDQ method compared with QF . The relative rank order of participants varied significantly between the two methods . Do rates of alcohol consumption and risk status among Australian university students vary by assessment questions?### Assistant: The m-DDQ method identified higher rates of drinking and categorised almost twice as many individuals into risky categories of drinking compared with QF. Such variations have major implications for identification of risk groups in health promotion or prevention programs.

m-DDQ method identified higher rates of drinking and categorised almost twice as many individuals into risky categories of drinking compared with QF

Does the 6-minute walk test reliably detect changes in functional capacity of patients awaiting cardiac transplantation?

16 subjects underwent repeated 6-minute walk test (6WT) and Vo(2)peak assessments that included familiarization and 4 serial measures, 6 weeks apart (baseline and at Weeks 6, 12 and 18) Analysis compared baseline performance with each subsequent testing occasion . 6WT distance was 458+/-21 m. at baseline, mean (+/-SE) VO(2).peak was 16.3+/-1.1 ml kg (-1)min(-1) and mean (+ (-SE), VO(1)peak was .

The 6WT is commonly used to assess functional capacity in patients with heart failure. This study demonstrates that, despite a strong cross-sectional correlation with Vo(2)peak, changes in the 6WT are not a reliable predictor of changes in Vo(2)peak within patients. Therefore, the 6WT has limited utility as a serial measure to assess changes in the clinical status of patients with severe heart failure.

no

### Human: 16 subjects underwent repeated 6-minute walk test (6WT) and Vo(2)peak assessments that included familiarization and 4 serial measures, 6 weeks apart (baseline and at Weeks 6, 12 and 18) Analysis compared baseline performance with each subsequent testing occasion . 6WT distance was 458+/-21 m. at baseline, mean (+/-SE) VO(2).peak was 16.3+/-1.1 ml kg (-1)min(-1) and mean (+ (-SE), VO(1)peak was . Does the 6-minute walk test reliably detect changes in functional capacity of patients awaiting cardiac transplantation?### Assistant: The 6WT is commonly used to assess functional capacity in patients with heart failure. This study demonstrates that, despite a strong cross-sectional correlation with Vo(2)peak, changes in the 6WT are not a reliable predictor of changes in Vo(2)peak within patients. Therefore, the 6WT has limited utility as a serial measure to assess changes in the clinical status of patients with severe heart failure.

The 6WT is commonly used to assess functional capacity in patients with heart failure . Despite a strong cross-sectional correlation with Vo(2

Do virchow-Robin spaces relate to cerebral small vessel disease severity?

Virchow-Robin spaces (VRs) are perivascular spaces surrounding the deep perforating brain arteries . VRs dilatation is pathologic, and it could be a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease . We assessed the relation between VRs and silent ischemic lesions in a cohort of patients with cerebral small vessels disease .VRs at basal ganglia level related to age, hypertension, asymptomatic lacunar infarcts, and white matter lesions .

Dilated VRs in the basal ganglia relate to the severity of cerebral small vessel disease and might be a manifestation of the same small vessel abnormality that causes silent ischemic lesions. This adds a role for VRs as a potential marker for small vessel disease.

yes

### Human: Virchow-Robin spaces (VRs) are perivascular spaces surrounding the deep perforating brain arteries . VRs dilatation is pathologic, and it could be a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease . We assessed the relation between VRs and silent ischemic lesions in a cohort of patients with cerebral small vessels disease .VRs at basal ganglia level related to age, hypertension, asymptomatic lacunar infarcts, and white matter lesions . Do virchow-Robin spaces relate to cerebral small vessel disease severity?### Assistant: Dilated VRs in the basal ganglia relate to the severity of cerebral small vessel disease and might be a manifestation of the same small vessel abnormality that causes silent ischemic lesions. This adds a role for VRs as a potential marker for small vessel disease.

VRs in the basal ganglia relate to the severity of cerebral small vessel disease . VRs might be a manifestation of the same small

Are keratin 8 mutations associated with familial , sporadic and alcoholic pancreatitis in a population from the United States?

Recently, a mutation in the keratin 8 gene (G62C) was reported to be associated with chronic pancreatitis in Italy . We determined whether mutations in the . keratin . 8 gene are associated with familial, sporadic and alcoholic recurrent acute . pancreatitis . We found the G62C mutation in n = 3/80 patients (n = 2/52 patients from different families, 3.8%) with familial pancreatitis without . PRSS1 mutation . There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of these keratin. 8 variants between patients with chronic .

These keratin 8 variants are not associated with familial, sporadic or alcoholic pancreatitis.

no

### Human: Recently, a mutation in the keratin 8 gene (G62C) was reported to be associated with chronic pancreatitis in Italy . We determined whether mutations in the . keratin . 8 gene are associated with familial, sporadic and alcoholic recurrent acute . pancreatitis . We found the G62C mutation in n = 3/80 patients (n = 2/52 patients from different families, 3.8%) with familial pancreatitis without . PRSS1 mutation . There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of these keratin. 8 variants between patients with chronic . Are keratin 8 mutations associated with familial , sporadic and alcoholic pancreatitis in a population from the United States?### Assistant: These keratin 8 variants are not associated with familial, sporadic or alcoholic pancreatitis.

These keratin 8 variants are not associated with familial, sporadic or alcoholic pancreatitis .

Does comprehensive analysis via exome sequencing uncover genetic etiology in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness in a large multiethnic cohort?

Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness (ARNSD) is characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity . This study was designed to detect deafness-causing variants in a multiethnic cohort with ARNSD by using whole-exome sequencing . Identified mutations were located in 31 known genes, including MYO15A (13%), MYO7A (11%), SLC26A4 (10%), TMPRSS3 (9%) TMPR SS3 and TMC1 (8%), ILDR1 (6%), and CDH23 (4%) were found in multiple families with shared haplotypes .

We report on a large multiethnic cohort with ARNSD in which comprehensive analysis of all known ARNSD genes identifies causative DNA variants in 56% of the families. In the remaining families, WES allows us to search for causative variants in novel genes, thus improving our ability to explain the underlying etiology in more families.Genet Med 18 4, 364-371.

yes

### Human: Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness (ARNSD) is characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity . This study was designed to detect deafness-causing variants in a multiethnic cohort with ARNSD by using whole-exome sequencing . Identified mutations were located in 31 known genes, including MYO15A (13%), MYO7A (11%), SLC26A4 (10%), TMPRSS3 (9%) TMPR SS3 and TMC1 (8%), ILDR1 (6%), and CDH23 (4%) were found in multiple families with shared haplotypes . Does comprehensive analysis via exome sequencing uncover genetic etiology in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness in a large multiethnic cohort?### Assistant: We report on a large multiethnic cohort with ARNSD in which comprehensive analysis of all known ARNSD genes identifies causative DNA variants in 56% of the families. In the remaining families, WES allows us to search for causative variants in novel genes, thus improving our ability to explain the underlying etiology in more families.Genet Med 18 4, 364-371.

Analysis of all known ARNSD genes identifies causative DNA variants in 56% of the families . WES allows us to search for

Do changes in cholesterol level correlate with the course of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease?

The therapeutic effect of a cholesterol-rich diet in TB patients has been demonstrated, but the role of cholesterol in PNTM disease is unclear . This study evaluated the sequential changes in nutritional markers, including cholesterol, total lymphocyte count and visceral fat volume . The median BMI and cholesterol level in the PNTm group [BMI =19.7 kg/m] were 19.7kg/m]. The median body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol levels were 19 kg/ m .

These findings suggest that the change in cholesterol level may be a marker of disease progression in patients with PNTM disease.

yes

### Human: The therapeutic effect of a cholesterol-rich diet in TB patients has been demonstrated, but the role of cholesterol in PNTM disease is unclear . This study evaluated the sequential changes in nutritional markers, including cholesterol, total lymphocyte count and visceral fat volume . The median BMI and cholesterol level in the PNTm group [BMI =19.7 kg/m] were 19.7kg/m]. The median body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol levels were 19 kg/ m . Do changes in cholesterol level correlate with the course of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease?### Assistant: These findings suggest that the change in cholesterol level may be a marker of disease progression in patients with PNTM disease.

Findings suggest cholesterol level may be a marker of disease progression in patients with PNTM disease .

Does leflunomide inhibit the apoptosis of human embryonic lung fibroblasts infected by human cytomegalovirus?

Leflunomide (LEF) is frequently used for treating human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) but its antiviral mechanism is still unclear . Study investigated the effects of the active LEF metabolite A771726 on the HCMV lifecycle in human embryonic lung fibroblasts . The study showed cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by HCMv at 24 hours and 48 hours . Leflundomide provides a new way to treat immune dysfunction patients with HcmV infection .

In this study we show that LEF is an exciting new drug for cytomegalovirus infection. LEF significantly inhibited HCMV infection-induced apoptosis and proliferation, playing an important role in the treatment of patients infected by HCMV. In this study we explored the potential usefulness of LEF for cytomegalovirus infection and found it to be a cost-effective new treatment for cytomegalovirus infection that deserves further study.

yes

### Human: Leflunomide (LEF) is frequently used for treating human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) but its antiviral mechanism is still unclear . Study investigated the effects of the active LEF metabolite A771726 on the HCMV lifecycle in human embryonic lung fibroblasts . The study showed cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by HCMv at 24 hours and 48 hours . Leflundomide provides a new way to treat immune dysfunction patients with HcmV infection . Does leflunomide inhibit the apoptosis of human embryonic lung fibroblasts infected by human cytomegalovirus?### Assistant: In this study we show that LEF is an exciting new drug for cytomegalovirus infection. LEF significantly inhibited HCMV infection-induced apoptosis and proliferation, playing an important role in the treatment of patients infected by HCMV. In this study we explored the potential usefulness of LEF for cytomegalovirus infection and found it to be a cost-effective new treatment for cytomegalovirus infection that deserves further study.

LEF significantly inhibited HCMV infection-induced apoptosis and proliferation, playing an important role in the treatment of patients infected by H

Does new York Heart Association functional class predict exercise parameters in the current era?

The relationship between NYHA functional class and peak V(O2 was examined in the current medical era when patients are using beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) therapy . The NYHA II patients have a significantly higher peak Vo(2) (16.1 +/- 4.6 vs 13.0 .6) and a lower ventilation (Ve/V(CO2) slope (32.8 +/- 7.7 vs 36.8 .8 +/- 10.4) with increasing age .

For patients being treated with current medical therapy, there still is a difference in true functional capacity between NYHA functional class II and III/IV patients. However, within each NYHA functional class, the presence or absence or contemporary heart failure therapies does not alter exercise parameters.

yes

### Human: The relationship between NYHA functional class and peak V(O2 was examined in the current medical era when patients are using beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) therapy . The NYHA II patients have a significantly higher peak Vo(2) (16.1 +/- 4.6 vs 13.0 .6) and a lower ventilation (Ve/V(CO2) slope (32.8 +/- 7.7 vs 36.8 .8 +/- 10.4) with increasing age . Does new York Heart Association functional class predict exercise parameters in the current era?### Assistant: For patients being treated with current medical therapy, there still is a difference in true functional capacity between NYHA functional class II and III/IV patients. However, within each NYHA functional class, the presence or absence or contemporary heart failure therapies does not alter exercise parameters.

For patients being treated with current medical therapy, there still is a difference in true functional capacity between NYHA functional class II and III/

Does dCP-LA activate Cytosolic PKCε by Interacting with the Phosphatidylserine Binding/Associating Sites Arg50 and Ile89 in the C2-Like Domain?

The linoleic acid derivative DCP-LA selectively and directly activates PKCε . Point mutation in the C2-like domain on PKCCε was carried out . Intracellular PKC� mobilization was monitored in PC-12 cells using mRuby-conjugated PKCè . Extracellularly applied DCp-LA was taken up into cells in a concentration-dependent manner . These effects were significantly suppressed by replacing Arg50 and Ile89 by Ala or Asn .

Unlike PMA DCP-LA activates cytosolic PKCε by binding to the phosphatidylserine binding/associating sites Arg50 and Ile89, possibly at the carboxyl-terminal end and the cyclopropane rings, respectively.

yes

### Human: The linoleic acid derivative DCP-LA selectively and directly activates PKCε . Point mutation in the C2-like domain on PKCCε was carried out . Intracellular PKC� mobilization was monitored in PC-12 cells using mRuby-conjugated PKCè . Extracellularly applied DCp-LA was taken up into cells in a concentration-dependent manner . These effects were significantly suppressed by replacing Arg50 and Ile89 by Ala or Asn . Does dCP-LA activate Cytosolic PKCε by Interacting with the Phosphatidylserine Binding/Associating Sites Arg50 and Ile89 in the C2-Like Domain?### Assistant: Unlike PMA DCP-LA activates cytosolic PKCε by binding to the phosphatidylserine binding/associating sites Arg50 and Ile89, possibly at the carboxyl-terminal end and the cyclopropane rings, respectively.

DCP-LA activates cytosolic PKCε by binding to the phosphatidylserine binding/associating sites

Does oesophageal pH have a power-law distribution in control and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease subjects?

We are unaware of any solid theoretical or pathophysiological basis for selecting pH 4 or any other pH value to assess oesophageal acid exposure . We examined the frequency of different pH values in control and GERD subjects . We found that gastro-oesophagea reflux disease subjects had significantly more low pH values and significantly fewer high pH values . We are aware of no solid theoretical, pathophysiology basis for using pH 4 to assess acid exposure or to define oesphageal reflux episodes .

The distribution of oesophageal pH values indicates that a variety of different pH values can be used to assess oesophageal acid exposure, but raises important questions regarding how oesophageal reflux episodes are defined.

yes

### Human: We are unaware of any solid theoretical or pathophysiological basis for selecting pH 4 or any other pH value to assess oesophageal acid exposure . We examined the frequency of different pH values in control and GERD subjects . We found that gastro-oesophagea reflux disease subjects had significantly more low pH values and significantly fewer high pH values . We are aware of no solid theoretical, pathophysiology basis for using pH 4 to assess acid exposure or to define oesphageal reflux episodes . Does oesophageal pH have a power-law distribution in control and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease subjects?### Assistant: The distribution of oesophageal pH values indicates that a variety of different pH values can be used to assess oesophageal acid exposure, but raises important questions regarding how oesophageal reflux episodes are defined.

Distribution of oesophageal pH values indicates that a variety of different pH values can be used to assess oesphageal

Do dopamine D1-Like Receptors Suppress the Proliferation of Macrophages Induced by Ox-LDL?

Ox-LDL induces macrophage proliferation, a key physiological process which leads to atherosclerosis . Dopamine D1-like receptors were present in macrophages as determined by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and immunoblotting . The effect of D1 receptors on macrophagage proliferation was measured by 3[H]-thymidine incorporation and cell number count . A D1 receptor agonist, fenoldopam, which by itself had no effect on proliferation, inhibited the stimulatory effect of Ox Lylylyloid lipoprotein Ox-Lyloid .

Macrophages express D1-like receptors. The activation of the D1-like receptors significantly inhibits Ox-LDL-induced macrophage proliferation, possibly through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways.

yes

### Human: Ox-LDL induces macrophage proliferation, a key physiological process which leads to atherosclerosis . Dopamine D1-like receptors were present in macrophages as determined by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and immunoblotting . The effect of D1 receptors on macrophagage proliferation was measured by 3[H]-thymidine incorporation and cell number count . A D1 receptor agonist, fenoldopam, which by itself had no effect on proliferation, inhibited the stimulatory effect of Ox Lylylyloid lipoprotein Ox-Lyloid . Do dopamine D1-Like Receptors Suppress the Proliferation of Macrophages Induced by Ox-LDL?### Assistant: Macrophages express D1-like receptors. The activation of the D1-like receptors significantly inhibits Ox-LDL-induced macrophage proliferation, possibly through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways.

Macrophages express D1-like receptors . Ox-LDL-induced macrophage proliferation may be linked to PI3K

Does hippocampal atrophy correlate with the severity of cognitive decline?

Hippocampal atrophy was correlated with AD and MCI for right hippocampus; AD, MCI and age for left hippocampus independent of other parameters . A second regression analysis revealed that MMSE was correlated . with hippocampal volume . Hippocampus volumes were detected manually by Osiris 4.18.18, with a 3 Tesla MR scanner . The study was carried out by MRI scans of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with healthy age-matched controls .

Hippocampal volumetry can be used in early diagnosis of cognitive impairment, as well as grading cognitive decline.

yes

### Human: Hippocampal atrophy was correlated with AD and MCI for right hippocampus; AD, MCI and age for left hippocampus independent of other parameters . A second regression analysis revealed that MMSE was correlated . with hippocampal volume . Hippocampus volumes were detected manually by Osiris 4.18.18, with a 3 Tesla MR scanner . The study was carried out by MRI scans of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with healthy age-matched controls . Does hippocampal atrophy correlate with the severity of cognitive decline?### Assistant: Hippocampal volumetry can be used in early diagnosis of cognitive impairment, as well as grading cognitive decline.

Hippocampal volumetry can be used in early diagnosis of cognitive impairment, as well as grading cognitive decline .

Does n-acetyl-L-cysteine protect against cadmium-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting ROS-dependent activation of Akt/mTOR pathway in mouse brain?

NAC (150 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to mice exposed to cadmium (Cd) in drinking water for 6 weeks . The changes of cell damage and death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, as well as Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in brain neurones were assessed . NAC prevented Cd-induced ROS and significantly attenuated Cd's-induced brain damage or neuronal cell death .

NAC protects against Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis in mouse brain partially by inhibiting ROS-dependent activation of Akt/mTOR pathway. The findings highlight that NAC may be exploited for prevention and treatment of Cd-induced neurodegenerative diseases.

yes

### Human: NAC (150 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to mice exposed to cadmium (Cd) in drinking water for 6 weeks . The changes of cell damage and death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, as well as Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in brain neurones were assessed . NAC prevented Cd-induced ROS and significantly attenuated Cd's-induced brain damage or neuronal cell death . Does n-acetyl-L-cysteine protect against cadmium-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting ROS-dependent activation of Akt/mTOR pathway in mouse brain?### Assistant: NAC protects against Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis in mouse brain partially by inhibiting ROS-dependent activation of Akt/mTOR pathway. The findings highlight that NAC may be exploited for prevention and treatment of Cd-induced neurodegenerative diseases.

NAC protects against Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis in mouse brain partially by inhibiting ROS-dependent activation of Akt/m

Is an essential role for resident fibroblasts in experimental lung fibrosis defined by lineage-specific deletion of high-affinity type II transforming growth factor β receptor?

The importance of resident interstitial fibroblasts and role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in this process is unclear . To define the importance of TGFβ signaling in resident lung fibroBlasts in the development of experimental pulmonary fibrosis, the authors used a compound genetic strategy in which mice homozygous for a floxed high-affinity type II TGFbeta receptor (TβRII) were crossed with a strain harboring a fibroblast-specific transgene encoding ligand-dependent Cre-recombinase . Bleomycin lung injury was used to induce lung fibrosis .

Intact TGFβ signaling in resident pulmonary fibroblasts is essential for pulmonary fibrosis to develop. Our data support a key regulatory role of these cells in determining fibrocyte recruitment and myofibroblast differentiation.

yes

### Human: The importance of resident interstitial fibroblasts and role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in this process is unclear . To define the importance of TGFβ signaling in resident lung fibroBlasts in the development of experimental pulmonary fibrosis, the authors used a compound genetic strategy in which mice homozygous for a floxed high-affinity type II TGFbeta receptor (TβRII) were crossed with a strain harboring a fibroblast-specific transgene encoding ligand-dependent Cre-recombinase . Bleomycin lung injury was used to induce lung fibrosis . Is an essential role for resident fibroblasts in experimental lung fibrosis defined by lineage-specific deletion of high-affinity type II transforming growth factor β receptor?### Assistant: Intact TGFβ signaling in resident pulmonary fibroblasts is essential for pulmonary fibrosis to develop. Our data support a key regulatory role of these cells in determining fibrocyte recruitment and myofibroblast differentiation.

Intact TGFβ signaling in resident pulmonary fibroblasts is essential for pulmonary fibrosis to develop . Our data support a key